Laylkase

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    <title>Laylkase</title>
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      <text bytes="5480" sha1="i6zteo6gp4ztdrt3qr4scohfvj05j7l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group|
|group= Laylkase &lt;br&gt; ليلكسة
|image=
|poptime= 
|region1 = {{flagcountry|Somalia}}
|region2 = {{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}
|region3 = {{flagcountry|Kenya}}
|region4 = {{flagcountry|United States}}
|region5 = {{flagcountry|Canada}}
|region6 = {{flagcountry|Great Britain}}
|langs=[[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]]
|rels= [[Islam]] &lt;sup&gt;(Sunni)&lt;/sup&gt;
|related-c=[[Reer Darawiish]], [[Mareexaan]], [[Warsangali]], [[Dishiishe]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Awrtable]], [[Ogaden (beel)|Ogaadeen]], kuwo kale oo [[Daarood]], [[Beelaha Soomaalida]]
}}
[[File:Daraawiish - warsangeli - mumin aden leelkase.png|thumb|leelkase mumin aden]]
'''Laylkase''' ({{lang-en|Lailkase}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Roots of Insecurity in Puntland|url=http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2454/Roots_of_Insecurity_in_Puntland|access-date=2016-10-27|archive-date=2016-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405050707/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2454/Roots_of_Insecurity_in_Puntland|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ama '''Leelkase'''&lt;ref&gt;[[United Nations Security Council]], [http://www.fas.org/asmp/resources/govern/109th/S2006913.pdf Letter dated 21 November 2006 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee...], p. 20&lt;/ref&gt; ama '''Lelikase''''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Warsaxaafadeed: Beesha Laylkase oo Saxaafada kula Hadashay Garoowe Dhaliishayna Saamiga Lagasiiyay Golaha Wasiirada (Sawirro)|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/01/beesha-laylkase-oo-dhaliishay-saamiga-lagasiiyay-golaha-wasiirada-puntland/|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2016-10-27|archive-date=2017-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608155012/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/01/beesha-laylkase-oo-dhaliishay-saamiga-lagasiiyay-golaha-wasiirada-puntland/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;}}) (&lt;/nowiki&gt;''Xuseen bin Cabdiraxman bin Ismaaciil bin Ibrahim al Jaberti'') waa [[beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] ka tirsan [[Daarood|Beesha Daarood]] ee [[Dadka Soomaalida]].&lt;ref&gt;[[World Bank]], ''[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics ]'', pp. 56-57&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac==
Laylkase waa beel ka mid beesha Tanade oo ka mid ah beelaha Daarood kuwooda ugu faca weyn, oo na kamid ahayd boqortooyooyinkii Soomaaliya ugu faca waynaa oo sida taariikhda Carabta iyo dunidaba ku qoran tahay, boqortooyadaas ay soo gaartay 1775, dagaal culus kadibna ay burburtay Tanade daarood wuxuu dhalay Cabdi Tanade oo loo yaqaan Korshe itoobiyana daga Jigjiga ilaa dhulka Oromada.

Beesha Laylkase waxay degaan deegaanada [[Galdogob]], [[Gaalkacyo]], Bander Beyla, Eyl, Garoowe, iyo gobollada Jubbada Hoose, Baay, iyo Soomaali Galbeed. Beesha Laylkase waxaa lagu tilmaamaa qabiil Diinta raacda, daris wanaagsan, nabadana jecel, had iyo jeerna daryeela dadka la dagan. Waana qaabiil aad u tiro badan oo ku kala firirsan dhammaan gobollada Soomaaliya sida Mudug, Nugaal, Bari, Sool, Jubbada Hoose,Jubada Dhexe, Bay iyo Soomaali Galbeed. Waxay gaar ahaan u degtaa beesha Karkaar: Caris, Ceel Dhidir, Buurbuur iyo Arindheer. 
==Qaabdhismeedka Reeraha Beesha==
*Reer Jama Hassan. 
**Reer Mohamed Hassan
**Reer Nuur 
**Abdille Nuur
**Reer Firin
**Reer Xoosh
**Reer Nuur yare
**Mohamud Nuur
**Galayr
**Guraase
**Reer Dhoorre
**Reer Cigaal
**Reer Abdille Dhoore
**Reer Walandi
**Reer Axmed
**Reer Geesood Xoosh
**Reer Omar. 
***Reer Elmi Omar.
**** Axmad  ( reerDhagey)
*****Xaashi
******cismaan
****Yuusuf
*****Reer aw Maxamad
******xuseen 
*******Reer Xasan Bucu 
***Reer Abdirahman Omar
**** ciise. C/raxmaan
***** Guuleed
*****Axmad (Quule)
*** Cilmi C/raxmaan(reerSarcad)
****** Axmad shirre
******Warsame 
******barre
****Cali C/raxmaan
******Carab C/raxmaan (reer Carab)
*******Aadan carab
*******Cabdulle carab
*******Nuur cara 
**Reer Hussein Omar
****Isxaaq
****Saleebaan (reer saleebaan 
*****Cilmi

==Daarood==
Tanade Daarood Waxay ahaan jireen Boqortooyo xoog badan oo ka arimisa dhulka soomalidu degto oo dhan mudo aad u badanna way ka ariminayeen ilaa qarniyo badan taasoo markii dambe dagaalo badan oo beelo isu bahaystay ay ku jabeen.

Tanade Daarood waa beel imika caan ku ah arimaha diinta iyo ganacsiga sidoo kale lagu yaqaan xaga difaaca iyo wadaniyada.

Daarood waa [[beel]] ka mid ah beelaha [[Soomaali]]da kuwaasi oo degan [[Geeska Afrika]]. Beesha Daarood waxaay degtaa wadanka [[Soomaaliya]] (gobolada dhexe iyo [[Gedo]]), wadanka [[Itoobiya]] iyo deegaano ka tirsan wadanka [[Kiinya]].
Guud ahaan, beesha Daarood waxaa ka farcama reero badan oo ka mid yihiin: [[Absame]], [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeen]], [[Harti]] ([[reer Darawiish]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Dishiishe]] iyo [[Warsangali]]), [[Lailkase]], [[Mareexaan]] iyo beelo kale.

Lahjadaha ay ku hadlaan daaroodku waa ay kala duwan yihiin oo iskuma dhowa, tusaale ahaan meesha ay kuwa dega Itoobiya lahjad gooni ah uga hadlaan kuwa dhinaca bari degana lahjad gaara ayay ku hadlaan, kuwa sanaag segana lahjad gaara ayaabay ku hadlaan.
Asal ahaan odaygii Daarood ahaa waxa uu ku yimid Yaman Jabarti Ismaaciil isaga oo sheekh ah oo faafinaya diinta Islaamka gaar ahaana waxa uu ka soo degay meel u dhaw degmada Laasqoray ee gobolka Sanaag waxaa uu mudo diinta Islaamka ka faafinayey dhulka Bariga iyo Bartamaha Geeska Afrika. Daarood waxaa dhashay Doombiro Dir.

==Sidoo kale fiiri==
*[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]]
==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}
{{Beelaha Soomaalida}}
{{Commons|Category:Darod}}
[[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]]
[[Category:Soomaali]]
[[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mareergur</title>
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      <text bytes="6091" sha1="idtck1z1ld3buxwtrte0u2ppk8kg4so" xml:space="preserve">'''Mareergur''- (Mareer Gur, sidoo kale waxaa lagu qoray Merergur) waa magaalo ku taalla gobolka [[Galguduud]] ee dowlad-goboleedka [[Galmudug]], [[Soomaaliya]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 30 km koonfur ka xigta [[Dhuusamareeb]], caasimadda gobolka. 
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mareergur
| native_name = Mareer Gur
| native_name_lang = so
| settlement_type = Magaalo
| image_skyline = MareergurGalmudug.png
| image_caption = Aragtida Mareergur
| pushpin_map = Somalia
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Soomaaliya
| coordinates = {{coord|5|45|0|N|46|31|0|E|region:SO-GA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Wadanka
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}}
| subdivision_type1 = Maamul Goboleedka
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Galmudug}}
| subdivision_type2 = Gobolka
| subdivision_name2 = [[Galguduud]]
| subdivision_type3 = Degmada
| subdivision_name3 = Dhuusamareeb
| elevation_m = 281
| population_total = 50,000
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = EAT
| utc_offset = +3
}}
==Juqraafiga==
Mareergur waxa ay ku taalaa badhtamaha Soomaaliya, waxana lagu gartaa dhul qalalan iyo dhul oomane ah. Magaaladu waxay ku fadhidaa meel sare ah oo qiyaastii 281 mitir ka saraysa heerka badda waxayna ku fadhidaa isku xidhka 5°45′N 46°31′E. Goobtani waxa ay siinaysaa cimilo qalalan oo u dhiganta gobollada saxaraha dhexe ee Soomaaliya. 
==Tirakoobka dadweynaha==
Mareergur waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in ku dhow 50,000 oo qof. Magaalada waxaa inta badan degan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda beesha Ceyr ee Habar Gidir , oo ka tirsan qabiilka weyn ee Hawiye . Qaab-dhismeedka qabiilku wuxuu si weyn u saameeyaa abaabulka bulshada iyo maamulka deegaanka.
==Cimilada==
Mareergur waxay la kulantay cimilo kulul oo saxare ah (Köppen BWh). Heerkulka guud ahaan wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 27 ° C ilaa 35 ° C sanadka oo dhan. Aaggu waxa uu la kulmay laba xilli roobaad: Gu (Abriil ilaa June) iyo Deyrta (Oktoobar ilaa Disembar), oo ay u kala baxaan laba xilli oo qalalan. Roobabka ayaa ah kuwo aad u yar oo aan la saadaalin karin, kuwaas oo saameeya beeraha iyo hawlaha xoolaha labadaba.
==Dhaqaalaha==
Dhaqaalaha Mareergur waxa uu ku salaysan yahay xoolo dhaqato. Dadka deegaanku waxay dhaqdaan geel, lo', ari iyo ido, iyagoo ku iibinaya suuqyada gudaha ama u dhoofinaya gobollo kale. Ku - tiirsanaantani waxay ka dhigaysaa dhaqaalaha maxalliga ah mid u nugul abaaro daba dheeraada iyo isbeddellada cimilada oo si toos ah u saameeya badbaadada xoolaha iyo xaaladaha daaqa .

Sannadihii u dambeeyay, ganacsiyada yaryar sida dukaamada tafaariiqda, adeegyada, gaadiidka, iyo xawaaladaha qurba-joogta ayaa wax yar ka beddeshay dhaqaalaha magaalada. 
==Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha iyo adeegyada==
Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ee Mareergur ayaa weli ah kuwo aan horumarin. Helitaanka biyo nadiif ah, daryeel caafimaad, iyo waxbarasho tayo leh ayaa xaddidan. Wadooyinka isku xira Mareergur iyo magaalooyinka deriska la ah sida Dhuusomareeb ayaa ah kuwa inta badan aan laamiga aheyn, taasoo adkeyneysa isu socodka gaadiidka, gaar ahaan xilliyada roobabka.
Ururada caalamiga ah iyo kuwa aan dawliga ahayn waxay ka shaqaynayaan sidii ay u horumarin lahaayeen adeegyada aasaasiga ah iyagoo u maraya mashaariicda horumarinta bulshada.
==Daryeelka caafimaadka==
Marka loo eego sahannada caafimaadka gobolka, ku dhawaad ​​78% qoysasku waxay heli karaan ilo biyo oo hagaagsan, halka 49% keliya ay haystaan ​​fayadhowr ku filan. Wadarta heerka bacriminta ayaa sarreeya, celcelis ahaan 7.3 carruur ah haweeney kasta. Kaliya 30% dhalmada ayaa ka dhacda xarumaha daryeelka caafimaadka, taasoo muujineysa baahida loo qabo horumarinta adeegyada daryeelka caafimaadka hooyada iyo dhallaanka.
==Waxbarashada==
Heerarka wax-aqoonta Galmudug ayaa aad u hooseeya, gaar ahaan haweenka. Waxqabadyo dhowr ah ayaa ujeedadoodu tahay in lagu wanaajiyo helitaanka waxbarashada, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha dugsiyada iyo barnaamijyada tababarka macallimiinta. Daraasado badan ayaa muujinaya in maalgelinta waxbarashadu ay keento soo-celin wanaagsan shakhsi ahaan iyo bulsho ahaanba. Waxbarashada ayaa weli ah qodobka ugu muhiimsan horumarka dhaqan-dhaqaale ee Mareergur.
==Amniga==
Sida qaybo badan oo ka mid ah gobolada dhexe ee Soomaaliya, Mareergur waxay wajaheysaa caqabado kaga imaanaya kooxaha hubeysan iyo colaadaha ku saleysan qabiilka.  
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maamulada deegaanka iyo oday dhaqameedyadu waxay si firfircoon uga qayb qaataan nabadaynta iyo xallinta khilaafaadka iyagoo adeegsanaya xeer dhaqameed (Xeer).
==Rajada Horumarka==
Iyadoo ay jiraan caqabado jira, Mareergur waxay leedahay awood horumarineed oo la taaban karo. Mashaariicda socda waxay diiradda saaraan horumarinta kaabayaasha, daryeelka caafimaadka, waxbarashada, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha. Adkeysiga bulshada deegaanka iyo dadaallada horumarineed ee joogtada ah waxay siinayaan rajooyin yididiilo leh oo mustaqbalka magaalada ah.
==Tixraac==
[https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2013/Mar/28585/nine_arrested_for_illegal_gun_ownership_in_galgadud.aspx &quot;Sagaal Lagu Soo Qabtay Lahaanshiyaha Hubka Sharci Darada Ah Ee Galgaduud&quot;]

[https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-humanitarian-bulletin-1-31-january-2021 &quot;Warbaahinta Bani'aadamnimada Soomaaliya Janaayo 2021&quot;]

[https://www.fao.org/emergencies/resources/documents/resources-detail/en/c/1128875/ &quot;Horumarinta Waaxda Xoolaha Soomaaliya ee FAO&quot;]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023 &quot;Soomaaliya waxay u baahan tahay dulmar guud 2023&quot;]

[https://finance-tips-daily.com/positive-return-on-investment-for-education-happens-when/ Soo noqoshada wanaagsan ee maalgashiga waxbarashada] {{Wayback|url=https://finance-tips-daily.com/positive-return-on-investment-for-education-happens-when/ |date=20250928202344 }}

[https://www.accord.org.za/conflict-trends/somalia-conflict-complexities-and-perspectives/ &quot;Waxyaabaha murugsan ee Soomaaliya iyo Aragtidooda&quot;]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</text>
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    <title>Qaramada Midoobay</title>
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      <text bytes="39785" sha1="myls4hse5qrfy4k8vlnljrf5a3ozl5d" xml:space="preserve">::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa.
::''Boga &quot;[[UN]]&quot;, &quot;[[UNO]]&quot;, &quot;[[QM]]&quot; iyo &quot;[[Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa]]&quot; halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay.
{{Infobox geopolitical organization
|name = 
 [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] Qamada Midoobey&lt;br /&gt;[[Carabi]]   الأمم المتحدة  &lt;br /&gt;[[Shiinees]] 联合国/聯合國&lt;br /&gt;[[Af-Isbaanish|Isbaanish]] Naciones Unidas&lt;br /&gt;[[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]] Les Nations Unies&lt;br /&gt;[[Af-Ruush|Ruush]] Объединенных Наций
|linking_name = the United Nations
|image_flag = Flag of the United Nations.svg
|symbol_type =[[Astaan]]
|image_symbol = Emblem of the United Nations.svg
|image_map = United Nations (Member States).svg
|map_width = 250px
|map_caption = Maabka [[xubaha qaramada midoobay]]{{efn|This map does not represent the view of its members or the UN concerning the legal status of any country. The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country nor does it accurately reflect which areas' governments have UN representation. This map shows partially recognized states such as Kosovo or Taiwan as part of their claiming governments (Serbia and China respectively)}}
|org_type = Urur Xidhiidhiya Dowladaha
|membership = [[xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|193 wadan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[2|2 Deegaan]]
|admin_center_type = Fadhiga
|admin_center = [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta sare]] [[New York]] {{small|([[Deegaan|Deegaanada Caalamiga]])}}
|languages_type = [[luuqad|Luuqadaha Dowliga]]
|languages =         {{hlist|[[Carabi]]|[[Shiinaha|Af Shiine]]|[[Ingiriis]]|[[Faransiiska|Af-Faransiis]]|[[Ruushka|Af-Raashiyan]]|[[Af-Isbaanish]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/official-languages/index.html Official Languages], www.un.org. Retrieved 22 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|leader_title1 = [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Guud]]
|leader_name1 =       [[António Guterres]] (''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Burtuqaal]]&lt;nowiki&gt;]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;'')
|leader_title2 = Xoghaye Ku Xigeen
|leader_name2 =       Jan Eliasson (''[[Iswidhan]]'')
|leader_title3 = [[Madaxweyne Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Madaxwaynaha Golaha Sare]]
|leader_name3 =       Sam Kutesa (''[[Yugandha]]'')
|leader_title4 = Madaxweynaha Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshooyi ka
|leader_name4 =       Martin Sajdik
|leader_title5 = Madaxweynaha Golaha Amniga
|leader_name5 =      Dato Ramlan Ibrahim
|established_event1 =Sharciga Qaramada Midoobay waxa la saxeexay
|established_date1 = {{Start date|1945|06|26|df=yes|p=y}}
|established_event2 =Dastuurka waxa la howlgaliyey
|established_date2 = {{Start date|1945|10|24|df=yes|p=y}}
|official_website =  {{URL|https://www.un.org/}}
}}

[[File:UN General Assembly hall.jpg|thumb|Qaramada Midoobay]]
{{QM2}}

'''Qaramada Midoobay''' ({{lang-en|''The United Nations Organization''}}) sida saxda ah lagu magacaabo ''&quot;[[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]&quot;'', waa urur caalami ah oo ka dhexeeya [[wadan|dalalka]] [[aduun]]ka kaasi oo [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|fadhigiisu]] yahay caasimada [[New York]] cariga [[Maraykanka]]. Ururka Qaramada Midoobay waxa la aasaasay Oktoobar 24, 1945 si loogu badalo ururkii ka horeeyay ee ''&quot;[[Midowga Umadaha]]&quot;''  (League of Nations). Ujeedada iyo hadafka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ahaa in uu ka shaqeeyo xidhiidhka wadanada xubnaha ka ah iyo in uu ka hortago dagaal ka qarxa wadanada caalamka.

Qaramada Midoobay waxaa lagu bilaabay heshiiska [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|51 wadan]], laakiin sanadii ka dambeeyay ururku wuu balaadhay waxaana maanta xubin ka ah 193 wadan. Qaramada Midoobay waxaa maanta fadhi u ah caasimada [[New York]], wadanka [[Maraykanka]], wuxuuna xafiisyo waawayn ku leeyahay meelo kale oo dunida ah, sida ''Xafiiska Janiifa (Geneva),  [[Nayroobi|xafiiska Nayroobi]] iyo xafiiska [[Fiyena]]. Ururka waxaa maalgeliya dhaqaale qiimaysan oo uu ka helo wadanada xubnaha iyo deeq caalami ah oo ka soo gasha wadanada qaar, ganacsato iyo shirkado gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah hadafka Ururka Qaramada Midoobay inuu ka shaqeeyo nabad caalami ah, amniga, ilaalinta xuquuqda aadamaha, daryeelka bulshooyinka iyo kobcinta dhaqaalaha,  ilaalada deegaanka, fidinta gargaarka dagdaga ah ee meelaha ka dhacaan [[abaar]]o, musiibo dabiici ah iyo colaada.

Wakhtigii uu socday [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] ayaa madaxweyihii Maraykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt soo jeediyay in la aasaaso urur bedela Midowga Umadaha, waxaana la bilaabay qoritaanka Dastuurka Qaramad Midoobay ka dib markii la galay shirweyne dhacay intii u dhaxaysay Abril–Juun 1945; wuxuuna dastuurkani hirgalay bishii Oktoobar 1945, wakhtigaasi oo Qaramada Midoobay howl biloowday. Hadaba ujeedada iyo jiritaanka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu shiki galay wakhtiyadii [[Dagaalka Qabow]] socday kaasi oo u dhexeeyay labo awoodood ee Maraykanka iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo xuladadeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee ururku wuxuu kaalin libaax ka qaatey farogalintii &quot;''Dagaalkii Labada Kuuriya&quot;'' iyo ''&quot;Howlgaladii Koongo&quot;''.

Xubnaha ururku aad ayay u koreen wixii ka dambeeyay sanadihii1960kii wakhtigaasi oo wadano badan xoriyada qaateen. Wixii ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Qaboowa Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu bilaabay inuu talaabo milatari qaado kuwaasi oo isbedel la taaban karo ka gaadhay. Guud ahaan Qaramada Midoobay waxay ka kooban tahay lix waaxood: [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] (oo ah waaxda maamulka guud gacanta ku heysa); [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]] (waaxdani waxay go'aamisaa xalka amaanka iyo nabada); [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshad]]a (ECOSOC) (waaxdani waxay ku shaqo leedahay dhiirigelinta iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha caalamka iyo horumarka bulshooyinka); [[GXQM|Golaha Xoghaynta]] (waaxdani waa maamulka iyo soo ururinta akhbaarta iyo macluudka Ururka Qaramada Midoobay u baahan yahay); [[MCC|Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamiga]] (sidoo kale loo yaqaano ''Maxkamada Aduunka'', waa waaxda u qaabilsan cadaalada); iyo [[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Kalsoonida]]  (United Nations Trusteeship Council) midkaasi oon shaqaynin tan iyo 1994.

==Hordhac==
Jimciyada Quruumaha ka Dhaxaysa waxay leedahay [[Hayad khaas|wakiilo badan]] oo ka shaqeeya waxyaabo badan oo kala duwan; kuwaas waxaa kamid ah [[Bankiga Aduunka]] (World Bank Group), [[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] (World Health Organization), [[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] (World Food Programme), [[UNESCO]], iyo [[UNICEF]]. Liiska wakiilada iyo hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay ka fiiri [[Liiska Hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sarkaalka ugu sareeya Qaramad Midoobay waa [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Sare]], waxaana 2007di ilaa hada haya xilkaasi [[Ban Ki-moon]] ee u dhashay wadanka [[Koonfur Kuuriya]]. 

Sanadkii 2001da Ururka Qaramad Midoobay waxaa la gudoonsiiyay bilad sharafta Abaalmarinta Nabada (Nobel Peace Prize).
==Taariikh==
{{Main|Taariikhda Qaramada Midoobay}}
[[File:United Nations member countries  world map.PNG|thumb|upright=4|center|alt=A map of the world with countries displayed in colours corresponding to the dates the countries joined the United Nations. Countries not involved with the United Nations are shown in grey.|Maabka Aduunka oo lagu muujiyay wadanada iyo wakhtiga ay ku biireen Qaramada Midoobay]]
'''Taariikhda [[Qaramada Midoobay]]''' waxay ka soo bilaabantaa [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Wakhtigaas wixii ka dambeeyay xubnaha iyo shaqada ururku wuu balaadhay waxayna maanta gaadhay dhamaan caalamka oo dhan, ayada oo qarniga 21aad noqotey meel kulmisa dhamaan madaxda aduunka. Sida taariikhda lagu hayo hindisaha iyo magaca ''Qaramada Midoobay'' waxaa horaantii iska lahaa madaxweynihii wadanka [[Maraykanka]] Franklin Roosevelt wakhtigaasi oo uu rabay in lagu magacaabo xulafadii Isbaahaysiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |access-date=2006-09-27 |archive-date=2006-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927143158/http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fikradaasi waxaa ku raacay Ra'iisal wasaarihii [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]] kaasi oo socdaal shaqo ku joogay cariga Maraykanka wakhtigaasi 1941. Si kastaba ha ahaatee sanadihii xigay waxaa ereyga Qaramada Midoobay aad u isticmaalayay xulafadii isbaahaysiga ee dagaalka kula jirtey [[Jarmalka|awoodi Nazi-ga]].
[[File:UnitedNations.gif|thumb|alt=A black and white motion picture of some men signing papers on a desk in the center of a huge decorated room.|Aasaasitaankii [[Qaramada Midoobay]]]]
===Ku Dhawaaqida QM (1942)===
Qorsheeyntii dhisitaanka ururka wuxuu bilaabmey wakhti ka horeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad taasi oo la aaminsan yahay in [[USA|Waaxda Siyaasada Maraykanka]] (US State Department) bilowday qorsheeynta arimaha ururka sanadkii 1939.&lt;ref&gt;Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, ''FDR and the Creation of the U.N.'' (1997) pp 1-55&lt;/ref&gt; Maqaalkii ugu horeeyay ee ku dhawaaqida Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si wada jir ah u diyaariyay 29 Diisamber 1941 madaxweynihii Maraykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt, ra'isul-wasaaraha Boqortooyada Biritatn Winston Churchill, gacanyarahii Roosevelt Harry Hopkins, kuwaasi oo wakhtigaas ku sugnaa Aqalka Cad ee Maraykanka. Madaxweyne Roosevelt wakhtigaasi wuxuu Qaramada Midoobay ku tilmaamayay Xulafadii Isbaaheysiga Dagaalkii Labaad (Allies of World War II). Fikradan waxaa markiiba ku raacay raisal wasaarihii Boqortooyada Britayn kaasi oo isla markiiba ka hirgeliyay wadankiisa.
[[File:Early United Nations official's passport from WW2 - working for UNRRA 1944.jpg|thumb|Baasaboodhkii ugu horeeyay ee Qaramada Midoobay la daabacay 1944]]
Qiyaastii 1–2 Janaayo 1942, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay Qaramada Midoobay wakhtigaasi ooy saxeexeen sharciga ururkaas ilaa 26 wadan.&lt;ref&gt;David Roll, ''The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler'' (2013) pp 172-75&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Robert E. Sherwood, ''Roosevelt and Hopkins, An Intimate History'' (1948) pp 447-53&lt;/ref&gt; Badhtamigii 1945kii waxaa heshiiska saxeexay 21 wadan oo kale kuwaasi oo sii xoojijiyay hanoqaadkii ururka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Edmund Jan Osmańczyk|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: T to Z|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6AB2CadyN7QC&amp;pg=PA2445|year=2003|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|page=2445}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Heshiskaasi wuxuu ku bilaabmayay sidan:
{{Quote box
| quote = Waxaan ku dhawaaqaynaa iskuxidhka iyo midnimada Maraykanka, Boqortooyada Biritayn oo la socoto Waqooyiga Ireland, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Shiinaha, Ustareeliya, Biljamka, Kanada, Koosta Riika, Kuuba, Jekoslafaakiya, Jamhuuriyada Doominika, El Saafadoor, Giriiga, Guatemala, Hayti, Honduras, Hindiya, Lugsemburg, Nederland, New Siiland, Nikaraaguwa, Norway, Banama, Boland, Koonfur Afrika, Yugoslaafiya. . . .
| source = 
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| author = ''Saxeexa dowladaha ayaa hoosta kaga qornaa maqaalkaasi.''
}}
Hadaba wakhtiyadii uu socday Dagaalkii Labaad waxaa caan noqotey isticmaalka Qaramada Midoobay taasi oo laga waday Xulafada Wadanada Isbaahaystay ee kor ku soo xusnay. Marka wadan rabo inuu ururkaas Qaramada Midoobay ky biiro waxaa shardi ahayd inuu saxeexo heshiiska isla markaana dagaal ku dhawaaqo Isbaahaysigii Nasiga (Axis).&lt;ref&gt;Stephen C. Schlesinger, ''Act of creation: The founding of the United Nations: A story of superpowers, secret agents, wartime allies and enemies, and their quest for a peaceful world'' (2003)&lt;/ref&gt;

===Qorshaynti QM===
Fikrada ah in ururka Qaramada Midoobay noqdo mid caalamka dhan ka dhexeeya waxay bilaabantey Shirkii Moosko ee 1943dii iyo Shirkii Tehraan ee isla sanadkaasi. Shir dhacay bishii Agoosto ilaa Oktoobar 1944kii ayaa wadanada [[Shiinaha]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]], iyo [[Ruushka|Midowgii Soofiyeeti]], oo ku kulmay caasimada Washington, D.C ayaa waxay ku soo saareen in ururka Qaramada Midoobay laga dhigo mid caalami ah oo u dhaxeeya wadanada aduunka dhamaantood. Is-aragyo kale iyo hadalo badan ka dib waxaa la isku raacay cida xubin ka noqon karta ururka iyo shaqooyinka uu qaban doono kuwaasi ooy ka mid ahaayeen inuu ilaaliyo nabada guud ee caalamka, horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo xidhiidhka bulshooyinka caalamka.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/dumbarton_yalta.shtml&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Robert C. Hilderbrand, ''Dumbarton Oaks: The Origins of the United Nations and the Search for Postwar Security'' (UNC Press, 2001)&lt;/ref&gt;
===Aasaasitaanka QM===
[[File:United Nations Member States-1945.png|thumb|500px|Qaramada Midoobay 1945. Wadanada buluuga khafiifka ah waa kuwii ururka bilaabay. Kuwa buluuga jaamudka ah waa wadanada la ilaalinayay iyo la gumaysanayay]]
Markeey taariikhdu ahayd Abriil 25, 1945, waxaa magaalada [[San Fransisko]] ka bilaabmay Shirkii Caalamiga ee Qaramada Midoobay halkaasi ooy ku kulmeen wadano gaadhay 50 dal iyo tiro badan oo ururo caalami ah.  Hadaba 26 Juun, labo bilood ka dib markii shirka la bilaabay, ayaa 50kii wadan dhamaantood saxeexeen [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]].  Ka dib markii ay dib u eegis ku sameeyeen wadanada Shiinaha, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Boqortooyada Biritayn, Maraykanka iyo tiro kale oo wadano ah ayaa 24 Oktoobar 1945, waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay jiritaanka '''[[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.un.org/aboutun/sanfrancisco/history.html The 60th Anniversary of the San Francisco Conference&lt;/ref&gt;
Hoos waxaa ku qoran taariikhda wadanada xubinta ka ah Qaramada Midoobay ay soo gudbiyeen warqadii ogolaanshaha ururka:&lt;ref&gt;http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/founders.shtml&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ameerika]] / [[Maraykanka]] - 8 Aug 1945
* [[Faransiiska]] - 31 Aug 1945 
* [[Dominika]] Rep. - 4 Sep 1945 
* [[Nicaragua]] - 6 Sep 1945
* [[New Zealand]] - 19 Sep 1945
* [[Brazil]] - 21 Sep 1945
* [[Argentina]] - 24 Sep 1945
* [[El Salvador]] - 26 Sep 1945
* [[Haiti]] - 27 Sep 1945
* [[China]] - 28 Sep 1945
* [[Turkey]] - 28 Sep 1945
* [[Denmark]] - 9 October 1945
* [[Jili]] - 11 Okt 1945
* [[Philippines]] - 11 Okt 1945
* [[Paraguay]] - 12 Okt 1945
* [[Kuuba]] - 15 Oct 1945
* [[Lubnaan]] - 15 Oct 1945
* [[Iran]] - 16 Oct 1945
* [[Luxembourg]] - 17 Oct 1945
* [[Saudi Arabia]] - 18 Oct 1945
* [[Czechoslovakia]] - 19 Oct 1945
* [[Syria]] - 19 Okt 1945
* [[Yugoslavia]] - 19 Okt 1945
* [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] - 20 Oct 1945
* [[Masar]] Rep.- 22 Okt 1945
* [[Belarus]] - 24 Okt 1945
* [[Boland]] - 24 Okt 1945
* [[Ukraine]] - 24 Okt 1945
* [[Midowga Soofiyeeti]] - 24 Oct 1945   
* [[Greece]] - 25 Okt 1945
* [[India]] Rep. - 30 Okt 1945
* [[Peru]] - 31 Okt 1945
* [[Australia]] - 1 Nof 1945
* [[Costa Rica]] - 2 Nof 1945
* [[Liberia]] - 2 Nof 1945
* [[Colombia]] - 5 Nof 1945
* [[Mexico]] - 7 Nof 1945
* [[South Africa]] - 7 Nof 1945
* [[Canada]] - 9 Nof 1945
* [[Panama]] - 13 Nof 1945
* [[Bolivia]] - 14 Nof 1945
* [[Venezuela]] - 15 Nof 1945
* [[Honduras]] - 17 Nof 1945
* [[Guatemala]] - 21 Nof 1945
* [[Norway]] - 27 Nof 1945
* [[Netherlands]] - 10 Des 1945
* [[Uruguay]] - 18 Des 1945
* [[Ecuador]] - 21 Des 1945
* [[Iraq]] - 21 Des 1945
* [[Belgium]] - 27 Des 1945
* [[Soomaaliya]] - 1 Luu 1960
Shirkii ugu horeeyay ee [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] wuxuu qabsoomay 10 Janaayo 1946 magaalada [[London]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=History of the United Nations 1941 - 1950|url=http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/1941-1950.shtml|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=12 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale waxaa ayaguna kulankii ugu horeeyay yeeshay [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/en/sc/about/ |title=What is the Security Council? |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=12 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururkii [Midowga Wadanada]] wuxuu si sharci ah u baaba'ay 18 Abril 1946 waxaana hadafkii iyo mashaariicdiisii lagu wareejiyay Qaramada Midoobay.

===Shaqada===
Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu qabtey hoowlo aad u balaadhan; kuwaasi waxaa ugu muhiimsan horumarinta xidhiidhka bulshooyinka, daryeelida [[xuquuqda Aadamaha]], horumarinta dhaqaalaha, dabargoynta gumeysiga, [[caafimaad]]ka iyo [[waxbarasho|waxbarashasa]], daryeelka [[qoxooti]]ga iyo [[ganacsi]]ga. Rajada ugu wayn ee laga aaminsan yahay Qaramada Midoobay waa ineey baajiso (joojiso) inuu dhaco daagaal wayn (dagaalka sadexaad), kaasi oo baabi'in kara dadka iyo duunyada caalamka.

==Fadhiga iyo Xafiisyada==
::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]]
[[File:United Nations Headquarters in New York City, view from Roosevelt Island.jpg|thumb|Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]]
[[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] sidoo kale '''Fadhiga Qaramada Midoobay''' waa dhisme aad u wayn oo ku yaala caasimada [[New York]] wadanka [[Maraykanka]].
===Xarumaha QM===
[[File:United Nations HQ - New York City.jpg|thumb|alt=Two skyscraper buildings on the bank of a river.|Xarunta sare Qaramada Midoobay [[New York]]]][[File:Vereinte Nationen in Wien.jpg|alt=Huge complex of skyscrapers and other large buildings interlaced with trees and gardens. The surrounding area as far as the horizon is filled with trees and large rivers. In the foreground a crane and small building site show that a new construction is underway.|thumb|Dhismaha QM magaalada Fiyeena]]
Badhtamihii Diisambar 1945, ayaa Golaha Guurtida Maraykanka iyo Aqalka Wakiiladu u codeeyeen in Ururuka Qaramada Midoobay laga codsado ineey [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta Sare]] ka dhisato wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Arintaasi way aqbashay Qaramada Midoobay, waxayna deegaan ka salaxatay bariga caasimada [[New York]] halkaasi oo ay ku iibsatey lacag dhan [[dollar|US $8.5 milyan]] oo ahayd lacag deeq ah. Dhismaha oo socday labo sano (1949 ilaa 1950) waxaa la furay [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] Janaayo 9, 1951, inkastoo la dhamaystiray dhismaha bishii Oktoobar 9, 1952.&lt;ref&gt;http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10813F7385E177B93C2A8178BD95F468585F9&lt;/ref&gt;
Inkastoo xarunta ugu muhiimsan ku taalo caasimada [[New York]], ururku wuxuu xafiisyo waaweyn ku leeyahay Jeniifa, Heeg, Fiyeena, [[Nayroobi]] iyo meelo kale oo badan.
==Xubnaha==
::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Wadanada Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay]]
[[File:United Nations (Member States and Territories).svg|alt=A political map of the world with all territories shaded blue to denote United Nations membership, except Antarctica, the Palestinian territories, the Vatican, and Western Sahara, which are grey|thumb|370px|Maabka wadanada xubinta ka ah Qaramada Midoobay iyo wadanada QM u aqoonsan tahay wadan (midabka buluuga&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/world.pdf| title=The World| publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira deegaano Qaramada Midoobay aqoonsi siinin isla markaana faraha kula jirto maamulkooda ama korka kala socoto. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: Caasimada Fatikan, [[Falastiin|Deegaanada Falastiin]], Galbeedka Saxaraha, iyo [[Antarktika]].]]
[[File:Palais des Nations (Geneve).JPG|thumb|Calamaanta wadanaxa xubinta ka ah QM.]]
Waxaa jira [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|193 Wadan oo xubin ka ah]] [[QM|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] kuwaasi oo mid kasta xubin ka yahay [[Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/whatisms.shtml| title=What are Member States?| publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ka mid noqoshada Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si fiican u sharaxaya Qodobka 4aad ee [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter2.shtml| title=Charter of the United Nations, Chapter II: Membership| publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ka mid noqoshada [[Qaramada Midoobay]] waa mid u furan dhamaan dowladaha jecel nabada marka laga reebo kuwa uu dasturku ka reebay, ayadoo la tixraacayo xukunka ururka.
# Codsiga ka mid noqoshada Qaramada Midoobay waxaa go'aan ka gaadhi kara [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] oo la tashanaya [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]].
Warbixin taageero leh oo ka timaada Golaha Amnigu waxay u baahan tahay in xubnaha golahaasi codeeyaan taasi oo ugu yaraan sagaal xubnood ogolaansho bixiyaan; kuwaasi oo aanay ku jirin Shanta Xubin ee joogtada ah. Ka dib, ogolaanshaha Golaha Amniga waa ineey ansixiyaan Golaha Sare, kuwaasi oo ugu yaraan labo meelood sadex meelood (2/3) codeeyaan ogolaansho.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/members/about.shtml| title=About UN Membership| publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Sida saxda ah waxaa Qaramada Midoobay xubin ka noqon kara wadanada xorta ah oo kaliya, maantana dhamaan xubnuhu waa kuwo madax banaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Toeplar|first1=Stefan|title=International Encyclopedia of Civil Society|date=2009|page=114}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===Xubnihii Lagu Bilaabay===
[[File:UN Member Countries World.svg|thumb|370px|Maabka wadanada hada xubinta ka ah QM iyo taariikhd ku soo biireen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/members/growth.shtml| title=Growth in United Nations membership, 1945–present| publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{legend|#5B92E5|1945 (xubnihii ugu horeeyay)}} {{legend|#008080|1946–1959}} {{legend|#00A24F|1960–1989}} {{legend|#346733|1990–wakhti xaadirkan (hada)}} {{legend|#FDE910|wadanada aan xubinta ahayn}}]]
Taariikh ahaan Qaramada Midoobay waxaa la aasaasay 24 Oktobat 1945 ka dib markii shanta Wadax ee Xubinta joogtada ah isku afgarteen Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay. Wadanadaasi aasaaska ka qeyb qaatay waxay kala yihiin [[Shiinaha]], [[Faransiiska]], [[Ruushka]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]], iyo [[Maraykanka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory/| title=History of the United Nations| publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Waaxyaha Qaramada Midoobay==
Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu leeyahay qeeybo, waaxyo, goleyaal, xubno, wakiilo, gudi iyo ururo aad u badan. Marka la soo ururiyo qeeybaha ugu sareeya ururku waa lix waaxood kuwaasi oo qabta shaqooyin kala duwan, isla markaana maamulo dhamaan xubnaha, wakiilada, barnaamijyada, haayadaha, ururada hoos yimaada Qaramada Midoobay. Kuwaasi oo kala ah: [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]]; (t) [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]]; (j) [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada]]; (x) [[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Kalsoonida]] (waaxdani ma shaqeeyso hada); (kh) [[MCC|Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamiga]]; iyo (d) [[GXQM|Golaha Xoghaynta]].&lt;ref&gt;Qeybaha Qaramada Midoobay{{cite web|title=Main Organs|url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/main-organs/index.html|website=United Nations|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=9 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===Golaha Sare===
[[File:UN General Assembly hall.jpg|thumb|Hoolka Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay [[Xarunta Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta Sare QM]], [[New York]]]]
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:22em&quot;
! Xubinimada iyo Ka Qeybqaadashada
|-
|Labo qoraal oo sharaxaya xubinimada iyo ka qeyb qaadashada shaqada Golaha Sare, fiiri:
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubanaha Golaha Sare]]
* [[Xubnaha Ilaalada Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Ilaalada Golaha Sare]]
|}
[[Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations General Assembly''}}; {{lang-ar|الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة}}) (sida badan loo soo gaabiyo ''UNGA'' ama ''GA'') waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|Lixda Xubnood Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo meesha kali ah ee dhamaan xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay ku leeyihiin wakiilo (dad matala). Golahani wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu xaqiijiyo kharashka ku shaqeeyso Qaramada Midoobay, u magaaco xubin aan joogto ahayn [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]], ka helo warbixin dhamaan xubnaha, wakiilada, hayadaha iyo ururada Qaramada Midoobay isla markaana amar iyo talobixin siiyo ururadaasi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/chapter4.htm CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS: Chapter IV]. UN.org.&lt;/ref&gt; 
===Golaha Amniga===
[[File:UN-Sicherheitsrat - UN Security Council - New York City - 2014 01 06.jpg|thumb|Qolka Golaha Amniga]]
[[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Security Council''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''UNSC'''); {{lang-ar|مجلس أمن الأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|lixda xubin ugu sareeysa]] [[UNO|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo waaxda masuulka ka ah '''amniga iyo nabada caalami''' ee [[aduun]]ka, iyo xubinta u qaabilsan aqbalitaanka ka mid noqoshada [[Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa]]. Sidoo kale Golaha Amnigu wuxuu u qaabilsan yahay inuu socodsiiyo, fuliyo [[Sharciga Qaramada Midoobay]].
==Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada==
[[File:United Nations Economic and Social Council chamber New York City 2.JPG|thumb|Fadhiga Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada QM. [[Xarunta Qaramada Midoobay]], [[New York]]]]
[[File:Economic and Social Council Resolution 2007-25.pdf|thumb|200px|Qaraarkii ECOSOC 2007/25: ku taageeraysay talaaboyinka dowladaha madaxa banaan.]]
[[Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Economic and Social Council''}}; {{lang-ar|المجلس الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للأمم المتحدة}}) (loo soo gaabiyo: '''ECOSOC''') waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|lixda xubin ugu sareeysa]] [[UNO|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale hayadani waxay ka masuul tagay iskuxidhka iyo maamulida dhaqaalaha, bulshada iyo wixii la xidhiidha ee 14 hay'ado wakiilo khaas u ah Qaramada Midoobay.
Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu leeyahay 54 xubnood; kuwaasi oo yeesha hal kulan oo afar todobaad ah bisha Luuliyo halmar sanadkii si ay ugu arimiyaan howlaga loo igmaday.
===Golaha Kalsoonida===
[[File:United Nations Trusteeship Council chamber in New York City 2.JPG|thumb|fadhiga Golaha Kalsoonida]]
[[File:Decolonization - World In 1945 en.svg|thumb|Dunida sanadkii 1945, xubnaha Golaha Kalsoonida QM waa midabka cagaaran.]]
[[File:Decolonization - World Today en.svg|thumb|Dunida sanadka 2010, ma lahan ddeegaano leh Golaha Kalsoonida]]
[[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Trusteeship Council''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''UNTC'''); {{lang-ar|مجلس الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[QM#Xubin|xubnaha ugu muhiimsan]] [[Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo loo sameeyay si ay u caawiso maamulka iyo gacan ku haynta [[UN|deegaanada lagu aaminay Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale ula jeedada ururku wuxuu ahaa inuu gacan ka geysto maamulida deegaanada aan weli madaxbanaanida qaadan isla markaana hoostegin wadanadii [[gumeysi|gumeystaha]], iyo inuu ilaaliyo xidhiidhka iyo nabada caalamiga ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa deegaano badan noqdeen wadano xor ah taasi oo meesha ka saartey farogelintii iyo maamulkii Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay.
===Golaha Maxkamada Cadaalada===
[[File:International Court of Justice.jpg|thumb|Fadhiga Maxkamada Aduunka]]
[[Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamka]] ({{lang-en|''International Court of Justice''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''ICJ'''); {{lang-ar|محكمة العدل الدولية}}) (sida caadiga ah loo yaqaano ''&quot;Maxkamada Aduunka&quot;'') waa waaxda koowaad QM|cadaalada Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo fadhigeedu yahay ''Dhismaha Nabada'' [[Heeg]] wadanka [[Holland]]. Shaqada ugu horeeysa ee hayadani waa ineey xaliso muranka xadadka iyo ilaaliso heshiisyada dhulka ee wadanada xubinta ka ah hayadani.
Sidoo kale waxay talobixin siisaa [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]], [[QM|hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo wixii soo hoosgala.
===Xoghaynta===
[[File:Ban Ki-moon April 2015.jpg|thumb|Xoghayaha hada jooga xafiiska mudane Ban ki moon.!!'?]]
[[Golaha Xoghaynta Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|United Nations Secretariat}}; {{lang-ar|الأمانة العامة لهيئة الأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[QM|lixda waaxood ugu muhiimsan]] Qaramada Midoobay.&lt;ref&gt;Xoghayaha Qaramada Midoobay{{cite web|title=UN Secretariat|url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/secretariat/index.html|website=United Nations|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=9 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hadaba Golaha Xoghayntu waa waaxda talogoynta Ururka Qaramada Midoobay. Golaha Xoghayntu waxaa horsocda [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Guud]] kaasi oo qabta shaqo aad u muhiim ah, sida go'aan goynta, diyaarinta qorshooyinka ururka iyo isku xidhka dhamaan waaxyaha Qaramada Midoobay.

[[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Jagada Xoghayaha Guud]] waa hogaanka sare ee Golaha Xoghaynta Qaramada Midoobay, qeyb ka mid ah xubnaha ugu muhiimsan [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale Xogahaya Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay waa afhayeenka iyo hogaanka guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Wakhti xaadirkan waxaa Xoghaye Guud ka ah Qaramada Midoobay [[Ban Ki-moon]] oo u dhashay wadanka [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], kaasi oo xafiiska ku wareegay horaantii bishii Janaayo 2007.  Jaale Banki Moon wuxuu xilku ka dhamaaday 31 Diisambar 2011, waxaana si muran la'aan au dib loogu doortay mar labaad 21 June 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13868655 |title=Ban Ki-moon wins second-term as UN Secretary General |publisher=BBC News |date=21 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Guud ahaan Ururka Qaramada Midoobay waxaa soo maray [[Liiska Xoghaye Qaramada Midoobay|sideed xoghaye]] oo ka soo jeeda [[qaarad]]o kala duwan ee caalamka.
====Liiska Xoghayaha Talada Soo Qabtey====

* [[Trygve Lie]] ([[Norwey]]) [[Febraayo]] 1946ii ilaa waqtiga oo is casilay 10 [[Nofeembar]] 1952. 
* [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] [[Iswiidhan]] 10 [[Abriil]] 1953ii ilaa waqtiga oo xafiiskiisa ku dhintay, 18 [[Sebteembar]] 1961.
* [[U Thant]] [[Burma]] 30 [[Nofeembar]] 1961ii ilaa 1 January 1972.
* [[Kurt Waldheim]] [[Austriya]] 1 January 1972 ilaa 1 January 1982 
* [[Javier Pérez de Cuéllar]] [[Peru]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1982ii ilaa 1 [[Janaayo]] 1992ii. 
* [[Boutros Boutros-Gali]] [[Masar]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1992 ilaa 1 January 1997.
* [[Kofi Annan]] [[Ghana]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1997ii ilaa 1 Janaayo 2007. 
* [[Ban Ki-moon]] [[Koonfur Kuuriya]] 1 janaayo 2007ii wali
===Madax Kale===
[[Madaxweyne Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Madaxweynaha Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] waa jago (boos) loo codeeyo qofka noqonaya madaxa sare ee [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo dhacda halmar sanad kasta. Madaxweynaha la doorto wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa arimaha Golaha Sare oo kali ah. Wakhti xaadirkan (2015) waxaa madaxweyne u ah Golaha Sare '''Mogens Lykketoft''' oo dhashay wadanka [[Denmark]]. Mudane Lykketoft wuxuu ku soo baxay kalafadhigii codaynta madaxnimo ee 71aad, waxaana xafiiska lagu wareejiyay 15 Sebteember, 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/141128/danish-parliament-speaker-head-un-general-assembly|title=Danish parliament speaker to head UN General Assembly|publisher=Global Post|accessdate=December 17, 2014|date=November 29, 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218011106/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/141128/danish-parliament-speaker-head-un-general-assembly|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.un.org/en/ga/president/68/news/6232014_speaker_denmark.shtml |title=President Ashe meets with H.E. Mr. Mogens Lykketoft, Speaker of the Parliament of Denmark |publisher=Un.org |accessdate=December 18, 2014|date=June 23, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===Hay'adaha iyo Wakaaladaha===
::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Liiska Hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]]
Wakiilada Khaaska sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''[[hayad khaas|Hay'ad Khaas]]''' waa ururo wakiil iskeed isku maamusha kuwaasi oo hoostaga [[Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo midba kooxda ay ku xidhan tahay ee dhaqaale iyo saamiyad la wadaagto iyo shaqo intaba. Inta ugu badan hayadaha u adeega Qaramada Midoobay waxay si toos ah ama dadban u hoostegaa xafiiska [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay]] halkaasi oo ay warbixin siiyaan ama ka warqaataan Xoghayaha Guud ee Waaxda Iskuxidhka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The United Nations System|url=http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart_en.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wakiilada khaaska ah waxay iskugu jiraan kuwo ay abuurtey Qaramada Midoobay iyo kuwo ururo kale sameeyeen laakiin waxay dhamaan ku shaqeeyaan nidaamka Qaramada Midoobay kaasi oo saldhig u yahay [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wakhti xaadirkan (2015) guud ahaan waxay Qaramada Midoobay leedahay 15 haayadood&lt;ref&gt;[http://legal.un.org/repertory/art17/english/rep_supp10_vol2_art17_3_e_advance.pdf REPERTORY OF PRACTICE OF UNITED NATIONS ORGANSSUPPLEMENT No. 10 (2000-2009) - ARTICLE; [[United Nations]]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Eckart Klein: ''United Nations, Specialized Agencies'', para.9. In: [http://www.mpepil.com Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law].&lt;/ref&gt; khaas ah kuwaasi oo qabta shaqooyin kala duwan ayagoo matalata Qaramada Midoobay. Hadaba 15ka wakiil khaaska ahi waa kuwan:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml UN structure and organization, Specialized Agencies]&lt;/ref&gt;

===Wakiilada QM iyo Ururo La Xidhiidha===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
! Tiro
! Astaan
! Magaca
! Loo soo gaabiyo
! Xarun sare
! La Aasaasay
! Wadanada Xubnaha
! Maabka iyo Tixraac
|-
| -
| [[File:Emblem of the United Nations.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] || QM, UN || Maraykanka, New York || 1945
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:United Nations membership of Sovereign States.png|100px]] [http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml]
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;10&quot; align=center|Wakiilada Khaaska
|-
| 01.
| [[File:FAO logo.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Cuntada iyo Dalaga]] || FAO, UCD || Talyaaniga, Roma || 1945
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:FAO members and observers.png|100px]] [http://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/membernations_reg_en.asp] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/membernations_reg_en.asp |date=20110308165510 }}
|-
| 02.
| [[File:Flag of ICAO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Adeega Duulista Caalamiga]] || ICAO || Kanada, Montreal || 1947
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
|| [[File:ICAO.png|100px]] [http://www.icao.int/icao/en/members.htm]
|-
| 03.
|  || [[Kharashka Horumarinta Beeraha Caalamka]] || IFAD || Talyaaniga, Rome || 1977
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:IFAD.png|100px]] [http://www.ifad.org/governance/ifad/ms.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ifad.org/governance/ifad/ms.htm |date=20130803225339 }}
|-
| 04.
| [[File:Flag of ILO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Aduunka]] || ILO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1919 
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:International Labour Organization.png|100px]] [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/country.htm]
|-
| 05.
| [[File:Flag of the International Maritime Organization.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Badaha Aduunka]] || IMO, UBA || UK, London || 1959
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:IMO Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.imo.org/about/mainframe.asp?topic_id=315] {{Wayback|url=http://www.imo.org/about/mainframe.asp?topic_id=315 |date=20100706013451 }}
|-
| 06.
|  || [[Ururka Sicirka Lacagta Caalamka]]|| IMF || Maraykanka, Washington, D.C. || 1945
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
|| [[File:International Monetary Fund.png|100px]] [http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.htm]
|-
| 07.
|  || [[Midowga Isgaarsiinta Caalamiga]] || ITU || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1865 
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] 
| [[File:Member states of the International Telecommunication Union.png|100px]] [http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.list?_search=ITUstates&amp;_languageid=1] {{Wayback|url=http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.list?_search=ITUstates&amp;_languageid=1 |date=20001206161000 }}
|-
| 08.
| [[File:Flag of UNESCO.svg|50px]] || [[UNESCO|Ururka Waxbarashada, Sayniska iyo Dhaqanka]] || UNESCO || Faransiiska, Baaris || 1946 
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:UNESCO member states.png|100px]] [http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=en] {{Wayback|url=http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=en |date=20120722105404 }}
|-
| 09.
||| [[Machadka Cilmibaadhista Cadaada iyo Dabagalka Dambiyada]] || UNIDO || Usteeriya, Fiyenna || 1985
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:UNIDO.png|100px]] [http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=o3359]
|-
| 10.
| [[File:Flag of UPU.svg|50px]] || [[Midoowga Adeega Boostada Caalamka]] || UPU || Switzerland, Bern || 1874
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:Universal Postal Union membership.png|100px]] [http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html |date=20190321182115 }}
|-
| 11.
| [[File:World Bank logo.svg|50px]] || [[Bankiga Aduunka]] || WBG || USA, Washington, D.C. || 1945
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:World Bank Group.png|100px]] [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0,,contentMDK:20122871~menuPK:64020025~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036~isCURL:Y,00.html] {{Wayback|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0,,contentMDK:20122871~menuPK:64020025~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036~isCURL:Y,00.html |date=20121009131218 }}
|-
| 12.
| [[File:Flag of WHO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] || WHO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1948
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:World Health Organization membership status map.png|100px]] [http://www.who.int/countries/en/]
|-
| 13.
| &lt;!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --&gt; || [[Ururka Goaanka Mulkiyada Aduunka]] || WIPO || Switzerland, Geneva || 1967
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) members world map.png|100px]] [http://www.wipo.int/members/en/]
|-
| 14.
| [[File:Flag of the World Meteorological Organization.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Saadaasha Hawada Aduunka]] || WMO || Switzerland, Geneva || 1950
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:World Meteorological Organization (WMO) members - states and territories.png|100px]] [http://www.wmo.int/pages/members/membership/index_en.html]
|-
| 15.
| &lt;!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --&gt; || [[Ururka Dalxiiska Dunida]] || UNWTO || Isbayn, Madrid || 1974
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] 
| [[File:UNWTO.png|100px]] [http://www.unwto.org/states/index.php] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unwto.org/states/index.php |date=20070715221037 }}
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;10&quot; align=center|Ururo Kale La Xidhiidha
|-
| 16.
|  ||[[Ururka Diyaarinta Mamnuucida Tijaabinta Nukliyeerka]]|| CTBTO Prep Com || Usteriya, Vienna || 1996
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:CTBT Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/]
|-
| 17.
| [[File:Flag of IAEA.svg|50px]] || [[Wakaalada Awooda Atomik Aduunka]] || IAEA || Austria, Vienna || 1957
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:IAEA member states.svg|100px]] [http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/MemberStates/]
|-
| 18.
|  || [[Ururka Mamnuucida Hubka Kimiko]] || OPCW || Holland, Heeg || 1997
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:CWC Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/]
|-
| 19.
|  &lt;!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --&gt;  || [[Ururka Ganacsiga Aduunka]] || WTO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1995
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:WTO members and observers.svg|100px]] [http://www.wto.int/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wto.int/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm |date=20120105135547 }}
|}

==Qoraalo La Xidhiidha==
*[[ICAO]]
*[[UNESCO]]
*[[UNICEF]]
*[[Bankiga Aduunka]]
*[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]]
*[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]]
{{Commons|United Nations}}
*[[Maalinta Xusuusta Holocaust ee Caalamiga]]
*[[Qaramada Midoobay]]
* [[Maalinta Xusuusta Holocaust ee Caalamiga]]
{{Commons|United Nations}}
{{Portal bar|Qaramada Midoobay}}
{{QM}}

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]]
[[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]]
[[Category:Wadan]]
[[Category:Dhul]]
{{Commons|United Nations}}</text>
      <sha1>myls4hse5qrfy4k8vlnljrf5a3ozl5d</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Jiilaal</title>
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      <text bytes="965" sha1="qbncbmtid6wy8r2btth4f7h5l1ogfuj" xml:space="preserve">{{Jawiga}}
[[File:קיבוץ בית אורן 2009 (16).JPG|thumb|197px|Jiilaal]]
'''Jiilaal''' ({{lang-ar|الشتاء}}; {{lang-en|Winter}}) Waa wakhtiga ugu qaboowga badan [[xilli]]yada sanadka taasi oo leh [[dabayl]]o, qaboow daran, [[roob]], meelaha qaar duufaano. Jiilaalku waa xilli u dhexeeya [[dayr]]ta iyo [[Gu|gu'ga]]. Sida dabiiciga ah jiilaalka waxaa keena [[Wareega Meere|wareega]] [[Dhul]]ka ku meerayo [[Qorax]]da.&lt;ref&gt;http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=winter&amp;allowed_in_frame=0&lt;/ref&gt;

Xiliga jiilaalka waa xiliga ugu qaboow uguna qaleylka badan dhinaca [[Qaarad]]a [[Afrika]], uguna qabow waxaana dhaca baraf dhinaca qaarada [[Yurub]] waana bilaha [[Janaayo]], [[Febraayo]] iyo [[Maarso]]. Jiilaalku waxa uu ku xigaa [[dayr]]ta oo bilaabmata [[21]] [[Sebteembar]] dhamaadata [[20]] [[Maarso]].

==Sidoo Kale fiiri==
* [[Xilli]]
* [[Gu]]
* [[Dayr]]
* [[Xagaa]]
* [[Jiilaal]]

==Xigasho==
{{reflist}}
{{Gumud}}

[[Category:Xilli]]
[[Category:Dhul]]</text>
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      <text bytes="31608" sha1="2yyojpo7yqy6jhqxtsi5a1aku3pkr6d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Boqortooyada Marooko
| common_name            = Marooko
| native_name            = {{ubl|{{native name|ar|المملكة المغربية|italic=no}}|{{resize|80%|{{transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah}}}}|{{native name|ber|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|italic=no|paren=omit}} ([[Standard Moroccan Amazigh|Tamazight]])|{{resize|80%|{{transliteration|zgh|Tageldit n Lmeɣrib}}}}}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Morocco.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Morocco.svg
| national_motto         = {{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|ٱللَّٰه، ٱلْوَطَن، ٱلْمَلِك&amp;nbsp;}}|italics=off|nolink=on|paren=omit}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Allāh, al-Waṭan, al-Malik&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Illaah, Dalka, Boqorka&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Constitution of Morocco |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006043401/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=ConstituteProject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| national_anthem        = {{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|ٱلنَّشِيْد ٱلْوَطَنِي&amp;nbsp;}}|italics=off|nolink=on|paren=omit}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;an-Našīd al-Waṭanīy&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Cherifian Anthem|Heesta Shariifka]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Morocco.ogg]]}}&lt;/div&gt;
| image_map              = Morocco (orthographic projection, WS claimed).svg
| map_width              = 250px
| map_caption            = Goobta ay Marooko ku taal waqooyi-galbeed [[Afrika]]
{{legend|darkgreen|Dhulka rasmiga ah ee Marooko}}
{{legend|limegreen|[[Saxarada Galbeed]], oo ah [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|dhul]] la sheegtay qayb ahaanna [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|ay haysato Marooko]]}}
| capital                = [[Rabat]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|34|02|N|6|51|W|type:city(580,000)_region:MA-RAB}}
| largest_city           = [[Casablanca]]&lt;br /&gt;{{coord|33|32|N|7|35|W|type:city(3,710,000)_region:MA-CAS|display=inline}}
| official_languages     = {{hlist |[[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]|[[Standard Moroccan Tamazight|Tamazight]]}}
| languages_type         = [[Languages of Morocco|Luqadaha laguda hadlo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{nobold|(2024)&lt;ref name=&quot;RGPH 2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauthier |first=Christophe |title=كلمة افتتاحية للسيد المندوب السامي للتخطيط بمناسبة الندوة الصحفية الخاصة بتقديم معطيات الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى 2024 |url=https://www.hcp.ma/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A9_a4025.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=hcp.ma |publisher=Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| languages              = {{Tree list}}
* 92.7% [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]
** 91.9% [[Moroccan Arabic|Carabida Marooko]]
** 0.8% [[Hassaniya Arabic|Carabida Xasaaniya]]
* 24.8% [[Berber languages|Luqadaha Berberiga]]
** 14.2% [[Shilha language|Tashelhit]]
** 7.4% [[Central Atlas Tamazight|Tamazight]]
** 3.2% [[Tarifit]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| languages2_type        = Luqadaha qalaad
| languages2             = {{hlist|[[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]{{efn|[[French language in Morocco|Luqadda Faransiiska ee Marooko]] waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa dukumentiyada rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo bulshada ganacsiga, in kasta oo aysan lahayn xaalad rasmi ah: &quot;Faransiis (inta badan luqadda ganacsiga, dawladda, iyo dibloomaasiyadda)...&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=12 January 2022 |title=Morocco |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202191738/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/ |archive-date=2 December 2022 |access-date=23 January 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |place=US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;diplomatie.gouv.fr&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Présentation du Maroc |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/maroc/presentation-du-maroc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207193614/https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/maroc/presentation-du-maroc/ |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=20 December 2020 |website=diplomatie.gouv.fr |publisher=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]|[[Af-Isbaanish|Isbaanish]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hyde |first1=Martin |date=October 1994 |title=The teaching of English in Morocco: the place of culture |journal=ELT Journal |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=295–305 |doi=10.1093/elt/48.4.295 |issn=0951-0893}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| ethnic_groups          = Eeg [[#Ethnic groups|Qowmiyadaha]]
| religion               = {{Tree list}}
* 99.68% [[Islam in Morocco|Islaam]] ([[State religion|rasmi ah]])
** 99.23% [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
** 0.45% [[Shia Islam|Shiico]]
* 0.3% [[Religion in Morocco|kuwa kale]]
** 0.13% [[Agnosticism|cilmi-la'aanayaal]]
** 0.10% [[Baháʼí Faith in Morocco|Bahá'í]]
** 0.09% [[Christianity in Morocco|Masiixiyiin]]
** 0.01% [[Moroccan Jews|Yuhuud]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Regional Profiles: Morocco |url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=155c&amp;u=23r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905001136/https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=155c&amp;u=23r |archive-date=5 September 2022 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=thearda.com |publisher=World Religion Database, The Association of Religion Data Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym                = [[Moroccans|Marookaan]]
| government_type        = Boqortooyo dastuuri ah oo isku darsan oo baarlamaan hal deegaan ah&lt;ref name=&quot;Const1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011 |title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco |publisher=William S. Hein &amp; Co. |year=2012 |location=Getzville |language=en |translator=Jefri J. Ruchti |access-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006043401/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |url-status=live}} Markii ugu horreysay ee lagu daabacay Warsidaha Rasmiga ah 30 Luulyo 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1          = [[King of Morocco|Boqorka]]
| leader_name1           = [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Maxamed VI]]
| leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of Morocco|Raysal Wasaaraha]]
| leader_name2           = [[Aziz Akhannouch]]
| legislature            = [[Parliament of Morocco|Baarlamaanka]]
| upper_house            = [[House of Councillors (Morocco)|Golaha La-tashatayaasha]]
| lower_house            = [[House of Representatives (Morocco)|Golaha Wakiillada]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[History of Morocco|Aasaaska]]
| established_event1     = [[Idrisid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Idirisiyada]]
| established_date1      = 788
| established_event2     = [[Almoravid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Almofaraad]]
| established_date2      = 1040
| established_event3     = [[Almohad Caliphate|Khaliifadii Almohad]]
| established_date3      = 1121
| established_event4     = [[Marinid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Mariniyiinta]]
| established_date4      = 1244
| established_event5     = [[Wattasid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Watasiyiinta]]
| established_date5      = 1472
| established_event6     = [[Saadi Sultanate|Boqortooyadii Saacadiyiinta]]
| established_date6      = 1510
| established_event7     = [[Alawi dynasty|Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta]] (boqortooyada hadda jirta)
| established_date7      = 1631
| established_event8     = [[Treaty of Fez|Heshiiskii Fez]]
| established_date8      = 30 Maarso 1912
| established_event9    = [[Revolution of the King and the People|Dhamaadkii maxmiyadda]]
| established_date9     = 2 Maarso 1956&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ce jour-là : le 18 novembre 1955 à Rabat, Mohammed V annonce la fin du protectorat français sur le Maroc |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/374370/politique/jour-18-novembre-1955-a-rabat-roi-mohammed-v-annonce-fin-protectorat-francais-maroc/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event11    = Dastuurka hadda jira
| established_date11     = 29 Luulyo 2011
| area_km2               = 446,550
| area_footnote          = {{efn|Bedka dhan {{convert|446,300|km2|abbr=on}} kama mid aha dhulalka lagu muransan yahay, halka {{convert|716550|km2|abbr=on}} ay ku jiraan dhulalka ay Marooko sheegato ee ay qayb ahaanna maamusho ee [[Saxarada Galbeed]] (oo ay u sheegato sidii [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] jabhadda [[Polisario Front]]). Marooko waxay sidoo kale sheegataa [[Ceuta]] iyo [[Melilla]], kuwaas oo ka dhigan qiyaastii {{convert|22.8|km2|abbr=on}} oo dhul dheeri ah oo la sheegtay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Trinidad |first=Jamie |date=2012 |title=An Evaluation of Morocco's Claims to Spain's Remaining Territories in Africa |journal=[[The International and Comparative Law Quarterly]] |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=961–975 |doi=10.1017/S0020589312000371 |issn=0020-5893 |jstor=23279813}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| area_rank              = 57aad
| area_sq_mi             = 172,317
| percent_water          = 0.056 (250 km{{sup|2}})
| population_census      = 36,828,330&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=22 November 2024 |title=Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat (RGPH 2024) |url=https://www.hcp.ma/Population-legale-du-Royaume-du-Maroc-repartie-par-regions-provinces-et-prefectures-et-communes-selon-les-resultats-du_a3974.html |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=hcp.ma |publisher=Haut Commissariat au Plan |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_rank = 38aad
| population_census_year = 2024
| population_density_km2 = 79.0
| population_density_sq_mi = 189.3
| population_density_rank = 
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $424.870 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 57aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $11,270&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database-2025&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 122aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $165.840 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database-2025&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 58aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $4,440&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database-2025&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 123aad
| Gini                   = 40.5
| Gini_year              = 2022
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inégalité sociale {{!}} Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc |url=https://www.hcp.ma/Inegalite-sociale_r508.html |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=www.hcp.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.710
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = kordhay
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=undp.org |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 120aad
| currency               = [[Moroccan dirham|Dirhamka Marooko]]
| currency_code          = MAD
| time_zone              = 
| utc_offset             = +0
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = +1
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Morocco|+212]]
| cctld                  = {{ublist |[[.ma]] |{{lang|ar|[[Internationalized country code top-level domain|.المغرب]]}}
| population_rank        =
| today                  =
}}
| religion_year          = 2020
}}

'''Marooko''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Morocco.ogg|m|ə|ˈ|r|ɒ|k|oʊ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{bulleted list|{{langx|ar|المغرب|engvar=gb|al-Maghrib|halka ay qorraxdu u dhacdo; galbeedka}} {{IPA|ar|ælˈmaɣrɪb||Pronunciation of Morocco in Arabic.ogg}}||{{langx|zgh|engvar=gb|links=no|ⵍ幕ⵖⵔⵉⴱ|Lmeɣrib}}|{{langx|fr|Maroc}}, {{IPA|fr|maʁɔk|IPA}}}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yaqaanno '''Boqortooyada Marooko''',{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|ar|engvar=gb|links=no|المملكة المغربية|al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah|boqortooyada Galbeed}}|{{langx|zgh|engvar=gb|links=no|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|Tageldit n Lmeɣrib}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.ircam.ma/sites/default/files/Parutions/documents/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%20%E2%B5%8F%20%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%20%E2%B5%8F%20%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1.pdf |publisher=[[Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-9920-739-39-9 |language=zgh |translator-last=Ladimat |translator-first=Mohammed |script-title=zgh:ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍ幕ⵖⵔⵉⴱ |trans-title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco |via=ircam.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt;|{{langx|fr|links=no|Royaume du Maroc}}}}}} waa dal ku yaal gobolka [[Maghreb]] ee [[Waqooyiga Afrika]]. Waxay xeebo ku leedahay [[Bada Dhexe]] dhanka waqooyi iyo [[Badweynta Atlaantikada]] dhanka galbeed, waxayna xuduud dhuleed la leedahay [[Aljeeriya]] dhanka [[Algeria–Morocco border|bari]]; gobollada yaryar ee [[Isbayn|Isbaanishka]] leeyahay ee [[Enclave and exclave|gudaha ku yaal]] ee [[Ceuta]], [[Melilla]] iyo [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera]] dhanka [[Morocco–Spain border|waqooyi]], kuwaas oo ay sheegato iyada iyo dhowr jasiiradood oo yaryar oo [[Plazas de soberanía|ay Isbayn maamusho]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |year=2018 |title=Ceuta, Melilla profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114627 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519055108/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114627 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |access-date=13 November 2018 |work=bbc.com |publisher=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dhulka lagu muransan yahay ee [[Saxarada Galbeed]] dhanka [[Morocco–Western Sahara border|koonfureed]], kaas oo ay Marooko qayb ahaan haysatay tan iyo 1975. Marooko waxay sidoo kale sheegataa inay xuduud la wadaagto [[Muritaniya]] iyada oo soo mareysa dhulka lagu muransan yahay ee Saxarada Galbeed. Waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu qiyaastii tahay 37 milyan. Caasimaddeedu waa [[Rabat]], halka magaalada ugu weenna ay tahay [[Casablanca]].

Gobolka ay Marooko ka kooban tahay waxaa la degganaa tan iyo xilligii [[Paleolithic]], in ka badan 300,000 oo sano ka hor. [[Idrisid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Idirisiyada]] waxaa aasaasay [[Idris I of Morocco|Idris I]] sanadkii 788, Marookona waxaa markii dambe xukumay boqortooyooyin kale oo madax-bannaan, iyadoo gaartay meeshii ugu sarreysay ee ay ku lahayd [[regional power|awood gobolka]] qarniyadii 11aad iyo 12aad, xilligii boqortooyooyinkii [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] iyo [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]], labaduba waxay ahaayeen boqortooyooyin Berber ah, markaas oo ay maamuli jireen inta badan [[Iberian Peninsula|Jasiiradda Iberian]] iyo Maghreb. Qarniyadii 15aad iyo 16aad, Marooko waxay la kulantay hanjabaado dibadda ah oo ku aaddan madax-bannaanideeda, iyadoo [[Portuguese Empire|Bortuqiisku]] uu qabsaday dhulal qaar, [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyadana]] ay uga timid dhanka bari. Saldanadihii [[Marinid Sultanate|Marinid]] iyo [[Saadi Sultanate|Saadi]] waxay iska caabiyeen xukunkii shisheeye, Marookona waxay ahayd dalka keliya ee Waqooyiga Afrika ee ka badbaaday xukunkii Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyadii Saadi waxay ballaarisay dhulkeeda iyada oo u martay [[Moroccan invasion of the Songhai Empire|qabsashadii]] [[Songhai Empire|Boqortooyadii Songhai]] dhammaadkii qarnigii 16aad. [[Alawi dynasty|Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta]], oo dalka xukuma ilaa maantadan la joogo, waxay awoodda la wareegeen 1631, labadii qarni ee ku xigayna waxay ballaariyeen xiriirka [[diplomatic|dibloomaasiyadeed]] iyo kan ganacsi ee ay la lahaayeen [[Western world|caalamka reer Galbeedka]]. Goobta istiraatiijiga ah ee Marooko ee u dhow afka Bada Dhexe waxay soo jiidatay xiisaha Yurub markale. Sanadkii 1912, Faransiiska iyo Isbayn waxay dalka ka aasaaseen [[Morocco#French and Spanish protectorates|maxmiyado]] waxayna u magacaabeen [[Tangier]] inay noqoto [[Tangier International Zone|aag caalami ah]], halka Sultan-ku uu ahaa madax-banaanida rasmiga ah ee leh awood xaddidan oo ka hooseysa xukunka gumeysiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Historical Documents - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950v05/d944 |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=history.state.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dib rabshado goos-goos ah iyo [[Revolution of the King and the People|kacdoono]] looga soo horjeeday xukunkii gumeysiga, Marooko waxay dib u heshay xorriyaddeedii waxayna dib u midoobay 1956 iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo Sultan [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Maxamed V]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-22 |title=Muḥammad V |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad-V-sultan-of-Morocco |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tan iyo xorriyaddii, Marooko waxay ahaan jirtay mid deggeneyd. Waxay leedahay [[List of African countries by GDP (nominal)|dhaqaalaha shanaad ee ugu weyn]] Afrika waxayna saameyn weyn ku leedahay Afrika iyo [[Arab world|caalamka Carabta]] labadaba; waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay [[middle power|awood dhexe]] ee arrimaha caalamka waxayna xubin ka tahay [[Arab League|Jaamacadda Carabta]], [[Arab Maghreb Union|Midowga Maghreb ee Carabta]], [[Union for the Mediterranean|Midowga Midaysan ee Bada Dhexe]], iyo [[African Union|Midowga Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Balfour |first=Rosa |date=March 2009 |title=The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean |journal=Mediterranean Politics |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1080/13629390902747491 |issn=1362-9395 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa mid ka mid ah dalalka yar ee Afrika ee ku jira meel sare marka loo eego [[Human Development Index|Tusaha Horumarka Aadanaha]] waana dhaqaalaha warshadaha ee ugu horeeysa Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adeyemi |first=Segun |date=2026-05-27 |title=Morocco knocks South Africa off top spot as Africa's leading industrial economy |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/morocco-knocks-south-africa-off-top-spot-as-africas-leading-industrial-economy/72s5yed |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marooko waa [[Unitary state|dawlad midaysan]] oo semi-[[constitutional monarchy|boqortooyo dastuuri ah]] oo leh baarlamaan la doortay. [[Executive (government)|Laanta fulinta]] waxaa hoggaamiya [[King of Morocco|Boqorka Marooko]] iyo [[Prime Minister of Morocco|raysal wasaaraha]], halka [[Legislature|awoodda sharci-dejinta]] ay u xilsaaran tahay labada aqal ee baarlamaanka: [[House of Representatives (Morocco)|Golaha Wakiillada]] iyo [[House of Councillors (Morocco)|Golaha La-tashatayaasha]]. Awoodda garsoorku waxay ku dhex jirtaa Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah, oo dib u eegi karta ansaxnimada sharciyada, doorashooyinka, iyo aftida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Morocco: Remove Obstacles to Access to the Constitutional Court |url=https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Morocco-Access-Const-Ct-Advocacy-Position-paper-2018-ENG.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721222938/https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Morocco-Access-Const-Ct-Advocacy-Position-paper-2018-ENG.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2021 |website=icj.org |publisher=International Commission of Jurists}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boqorku wuxuu leeyahay awoodo fulineed iyo sharci-dejineed oo ballaaran, gaar ahaan [[Royal Moroccan Armed Forces|ciidanka]], siyaasadda dibadda iyo arrimaha diinta; wuxuu soo saari karaa [[Moroccan Dahir|''dahirs'']], kuwaas oo ah wareegtooyin leh awood sharci, wuxuuna sidoo kale kala diri karaa baarlamaanka ka dib marka uu la tashado [[List of heads of government of Morocco|raysal wasaaraha]] iyo guddoomiyaha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah. Marooko waxaa loo kala saaraa inay tahay [[hybrid regime|nidaam isku darsan]] waxayna, laga bilaabo 2025, haysataa darajada ugu sarreysa caalamka Carabta, marka loo eego ''[[The Economist Democracy Index]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Democracy Index 2025 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2025/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260428212930/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2025/ |archive-date=2026-04-28 |access-date=2026-05-21 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Islam|Islaamku]] waa diinta rasmiga ah ee ugu weyn, iyadoo ku dhowaad dhammaan dadku ay isku aqoonsan yihiin Muslimiin. [[Arabic language|Af-Carabi]] iyo [[Berber language|Berber]] waa luqadaha rasmiga ah, in kasta oo lahjada Marooko ee Carabiga (oo gudaha looga yaqaan Darija) si ballaaran loogu hadlo loona tixgeliyo luqadda guud. [[culture of Morocco|Dhaqanka Marooko]] waa isku dhafka dhaqamada [[Arab culture|Carabta]], [[Berbers|Berberiga]], [[Europe|Yurub]] (gaar ahaan [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]]),&lt;ref&gt;David A. Wacks; Colonial al-Andalus: Spain and the Making of Modern Moroccan Culture. Comparative Literature 1 December 2020; 72 (4): 460-462. doi:

&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8537775&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; iyo [[Culture of Africa|Afrika]].

Marooko waxay sheegataa lahaanshaha [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|dhulka aan ismaamulin]] ee [[Saxarada Galbeed]], kaas oo ay u magacawday [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|Gobolladeeda Koonfureed]]. Sanadkii 1975, ka dib markii Isbayn [[Madrid Accords|ay ogolaatay inay ka baxdo dhulkaas]] oo ay xukankiisa u wareejiso Marooko iyo [[Muritaniya]], dagaal dhuumaalaysi ah ayaa ka dhex qarxay awoodahaas iyo qaar ka mid ah [[Sahrawi people|dadka deegaanka]]. Sanadkii 1979, Muritaniya waxay ka tanaasushay [[Tiris al-Gharbiyya|sheegashadeeda]] aaggaas, laakiin dagaalku wuxuu sii waday inuu kordho. Sanadkii 1991, waxaa la gaaray heshiis xabad joojin ah, laakiin arrinta madax-bannaanidu weli wey dhex taallaa. Maanta, Marooko waxay haysataa qiyaastii labo meelood saddex meel dhulkaas,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hernández |first=M. Padrón |date=January 2, 2025 |title='The Moroccan king wants Western Sahara without its people': an argument for Western Sahara as a settler colony |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2201473X.2025.2456386 |journal=Settler Colonial Studies |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=126–143 |doi=10.1080/2201473X.2025.2456386 |issn=2201-473X|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Western Sahara peace process|dadaallada lagu xallinayo khilaafkana]] ilaa hadda wey ku guuldareysteen inay jebiyaan ismari-waaga siyaasadeed.

== Asalka iyo magaca ==
Erayga [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]] ah ee ''Morocco'' waa [[anglicisation|Ingiriisayn]] laga keenay magaca [[Af-Isbaanish|Isbaanishka]] u yaqaan dalka, {{lang|es|Marruecos}}, oo laga soo qaatay magaca magaalada [[Marrakesh]], taas oo ahayd caasimaddii [[Almoravid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Almofaraad]], [[Almohad Caliphate|Khaliifadii Almohad]], iyo [[Saadian dynasty|Boqortooyadii Saacadiyiinta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country names |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/country-name#morocco |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207212750/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/country-name#morocco |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The CIA World Factbook}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xilligii boqortooyadii Almofaraad, magaalada Marrakesh waxaa lagu aasaasay magaca {{lang|tzm-Latn|Tāmurākušt}}, oo laga soo qaatay magacii hore ee magaalada ee [[Berber languages|Berberiga]] ee ahaa {{lang|tzm-Latn|amūr n Yakuš}} ({{Literally|dhulkii/dalkii Ilaah}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Ghouirgate |first=Mehdi |title=Chapitre VIII. Le calife en son palais: maintenir son rang |date=2020-02-27 |work=L'Ordre almohade (1120–1269): Une nouvelle lecture anthropologique |pages=357–402 |url=http://books.openedition.org/pumi/12060 |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002162449/https://books.openedition.org/pumi/12060 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |url-status=live |series=Tempus |place=Toulouse |publisher=Presses universitaires du Midi |language=fr |isbn=978-2-8107-0867-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Af-Ingiriisiga, shaqalka koowaad waa la beddelay, waxaana u muuqata in uu saameeyay erayga &quot;Moor.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Hareir |first1=Idris El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVYT4Kraym0C&amp;pg=PA375 |title=The Spread of Islam Throughout the World |last2=Mbaye |first2=Ravane |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=UNESCO |isbn=978-92-3-104153-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magaca rasmiga ah ee Marooko ee [[Af-Carabi|Carabiga]] casriga ah waa {{transliteration|ar|al-Maghrib}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب}}, {{Translation|dhulkii qorrax dhaca; galbeedka}}), iyadoo magaca rasmiga ah ee Boqortooyada ee Carabiga uu yahay {{transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah al-Maghribīyah}} ({{lang|ar|المملكة المغربية}}; {{Translation|boqortooyadii qorrax dhaca; boqortooyada galbeed}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maghreb, en arabe Maghrib ou Marhrib (&quot; le Couchant &quot;) |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/Maghreb/131068 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122095454/https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/Maghreb/131068 |archive-date=22 January 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Encyclopédie Larousse |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Introduction |date=1987 |work=A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period |pages=1–25 |editor-last=Abun-Nasr |editor-first=Jamil M. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-maghrib-in-the-islamic-period/introduction/0A276AD37271D71955A8C28E6578F617 |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616132301/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-maghrib-in-the-islamic-period/introduction/0A276AD37271D71955A8C28E6578F617 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |url-status=live |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511608100.003 |isbn=978-0-521-33767-0 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maghreb |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Maghreb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913035240/https://www.britannica.com/place/Maghreb |archive-date=13 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=morocco {{!}} Etymology of morocco by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/morocco |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203085844/https://www.etymonline.com/word/morocco |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taariikh ahaan, Marooko waxay qayb ka ahayd waxa juqraafiyaystayaashii Muslimiinta ay ugu yeeri jireen af-Carabi {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā|ar|المغرب الأقصى|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأقصى}}, 'Galbeedka ugu fog [ee caalamka Islaamka]' kaas oo qeexaya qiyaastii aagga u dhexeeya [[Tiaret]] ilaa [[Badweynta Atlaantikada]]) taas oo ka duwan gobollada deriska la ah ee {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Awsaṭ|ar|المغرب الأوسط|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأوسط}}, 'Galbeedka Dhexe': [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] ilaa [[Béjaïa]]) iyo {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Adnā|ar|المغرب الأدنى|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأدنى}}, 'Galbeedka ugu dhow': [[Alexandria]] ilaa Tripoli).

[[Af-Turki|Turkiga]], Marooko waxaa loo yaqaanaa {{lang|tr|Fas}}, magacaas oo laga soo qaatay caasimaddeedii qarniyadii dhexe ee [[Fes]] ({{Lang|ar|فاس}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2007 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-919-5 |editor-last=Dumper |editor-first=Michael R. T. |page=151 |access-date=10 March 2024 |editor-last2=Stanley |editor-first2=Bruce E. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316174542/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |archive-date=16 March 2023 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bressolette |first=Henri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzeCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1 |title=A la découverte de Fès |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2016 |isbn=978-2-343-09022-1 |chapter=Fondation de Fès El Bali par Idriss Ier et Idriss II |access-date=2021-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720213942/https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzeCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybaha kale ee caalamka Islaamka, tusaale ahaan suugaanta Carabiga ee Masaarida iyo Bariga Dhexe ka hor bartamihii qarnigii 20-aad, Marooko waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeri jiray {{lang|ar-Latn|Murrakush}} ({{lang|ar|مراكش}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Gershovich |first=Moshe |title=French Military Rule in Morocco |date=12 October 2012 |isbn=978-0-203-04498-8 |doi=10.4324/9780203044988}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eraygan waxaa weli loo isticmaalaa in lagu tixraaco Marooko maanta dhowr luqadood oo [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iraani]] ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Af-Faarsi|Faarisiga]], [[Urdu]], iyo [[Af-Bunjaabi|Bunjaabiga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=مراکش - معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس |trans-title=Morocco |url=https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=abadis.ir |language=fa |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209233102/https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Marooko waxaa kale oo siyaasad ahaan loogu yeeri jiray ereyo kala duwan oo muujinaya [[Sharifism|hiddaha Shariifka]] ee [[Alawi dynasty|Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta]], sida {{Transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|المملكة الشريفة}}), {{Transliteration|ar|al-Iyālah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|الإيالة الشريفة}}) iyo {{Transliteration|ar|al-Imbarāṭūriyyah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|الإمبراطورية الشريفة}}), kuwaas oo loo turjumay af-Faransiis ahaan {{Lang|fr|l'Empire chérifien}} iyo af-Ingiriis ahaan 'Sharifian Empire'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=ملين |first=نبيل |title=فكرة الدستور في المغرب: وثائق ونصوص (19012011) |publisher=Tīl Kīl Mīdiyā |year=2017 |isbn=978-9954-28-764-4 |language=ar |oclc=994641823}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Cite journal |last=Laskier |first=Michael M. |date=1 September 2019 |title=Prelude to Colonialism: Moroccan Muslims and Jews through Western Lenses, 1860–1912 |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/european-judaism/52/2/ej520209.xml |url-status=live |journal=European Judaism |language=en |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=111–128 |doi=10.3167/ej.2019.520209 |issn=0014-3006 |s2cid=203553804 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105195922/https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/european-judaism/52/2/ej520209.xml |archive-date=5 November 2022 |access-date=5 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
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      <text bytes="134710" sha1="hq39o8f7kilizp7lgeyrm8windxsz1b" xml:space="preserve">{{Dalalka                        
|native_name                   = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta&lt;Br/&gt;'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' 
|conventional_long_name        = Arabic Language States’&lt;/&gt;.:
|common_name                   = Arabic Language States:.
Midowga Ummadda Carabta:
|qaaradda                      = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &amp;[[]] 
|sawir_calan                   = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg
|sawir_qaran                   = Emblem of the Arab League.svg
|image_map                     = 
|astaan_calan                  = Arab League States'&quot; (orthographic projection).svg
|image_map                     = League of Arab States.png
File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png
|caasimadda                    = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &amp;[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’
|luuqadaha                     = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &amp;[[Turki]]; &amp; [[Af-Urdu]]; &amp; [[Af-Faarisi]].::•
|-
|caasimada                     = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &amp; [[Dooxa]].:•!!
|-
|GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’
(€29,357’ trillions)
* ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]])
|GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.)
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’
|GDP_nominal = &quot;$23.957&quot;-$19.453’ Trillions’
|GDP_nominal_year = 2025
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’
|Gini_year = 
|Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref =          
|Dawladda                      = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]]
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye1             = 
[[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]]
|magac_hogaamiye1          =
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye2             = 
[[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]:
[[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: 
|magac_hogaamiye2            =
DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* 
|MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_*
|MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* 
|-  
|darajo_hogaamiye3         =  [[Gudoomiye]]:
[[Ciraaq]]:-)
|magac_hogaamiye3             =
(fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._*
MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._*
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye4             =  [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]:
[[Aljeeriya]]:-)
[[Marooko]]:-)

|magac_hogaamiye4             = 
MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* 
MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_*
|-
|sovereignty_type            = 
'''Ka xoroobey''':
|sovereignty_note            = 
|[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''':

 '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' &amp;
'''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~`
|-
|established_event1            = 
|established_date1             =
|area                          = 13,953,041`*
|areami²                       = 5,382,910`*
|biyo                          = 
|population_estimate           =455-425*Million&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|population_estimate_year      = 2022-2025*
|lacagta                       =  
|Magaca internetka             = &amp;nbsp;
|wakhti                        = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]]
|furaha_debedda		           = 
|furaha internetka             = Ir,Is,&amp; tr.!!'?
|furaha telefonka              = +
}}

&lt;ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

'''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo  [[Aasiya]]  xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan
Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya.

Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka.

Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, &amp; Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, &amp; Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn.

Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in &quot;Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.&quot;.
Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya).
Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. 
[[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages.

Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. 

Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan.
Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC).

Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!!

Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'?

Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953.

Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal .

[[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]]

[[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]]
[[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]]
[[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]]

value:
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editing
Disambiguate RTL.svg The term &quot;Arab&quot; redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) .
Arab Muslims
Arabs &amp; Muslims
Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First
Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First
population
425 million
Main population concentrations
Arab countries
some of the African
countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]]
Languages:
Arabic:
religion:
Islam:
Christianity:
Druze religion:
related ethnic groups:
Celestial peoples:
[[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’

Distribution of the Arabic language :
  A single official language.!!
  official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!!
  Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons.
Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called &quot; Arab countries &quot;. Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ).

The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are:

Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries).
Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. 

This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language.
Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula .

Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others.

The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1]

etymology:
The word &quot;Arab&quot; in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the &quot; Arab rain &quot; that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, &quot;the kings of the evening&quot; are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word &quot;Arab&quot; also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe .

In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ]

In the Qur'an the word &quot;Arab&quot; does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as &quot;Arab and clear&quot; when the two attributes are related to each other.

history:
This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page .
BC

The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat &quot;Gindibu, King of Arabia&quot; riding a camel and his soldiers
The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named &quot; Gindibu , King of Arabia&quot; among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen .

There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there.

The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:•

After counting:
As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture .

Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’

The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: &quot;The Age of Ignorance&quot;, or the &quot;Jahiliyyah&quot; . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan .

When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs).

After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine &quot;doe&quot;) in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The &quot;religion of truth&quot; to control the other nations.

The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. 

The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction.

After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . 

Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as &quot;Arabs&quot; as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'!

see also
Islam:
Judaism-Islam relations;
Israeli Arabs:
for further reading:
Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995.
Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996.
Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive
Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia.
Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’…


&lt;Ref&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women&gt;/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&gt;.:

“… Le saviez-vous ?
Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..”

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

December 25, 2017
Special Dispatch No. 7246
     
Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them.
Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders.


Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017

 
Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights.

Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title &quot;It Is Not a Conspiracy&quot;: &quot;The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact?

&quot;Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests.

&quot;Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds.

&quot;The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum?

&quot;Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous.

&quot;In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking.&quot;[1]


Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds?

Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: &quot;The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology...

&quot;Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?!

&quot;The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?...

&quot;As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?...

&quot;Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause].

&quot;The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime...&quot;[3]

 
Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved

Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: &quot;The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect...

&quot;Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency.

&quot;While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream...

&quot;ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech...

&quot;The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state.&quot;[6]

 &lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

[1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017.
[2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps.

[3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.

[4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini.

[5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s.

[6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized&lt;/Ref&gt;.::•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/&lt;/Ref&gt;.::•

==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”==

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate
|-
|01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]&lt;s&gt;             ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]&lt;s&gt;||93.5&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||93.4&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]]                      ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]&lt;!'&gt;[[Jabaan]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Qatar]]&lt;s&gt;                         ||93.6&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.191&quot;&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]&lt;/Ref&gt;.
|-
|08&quot;'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]]                      ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|09'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||91.8&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|10&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]&lt;!'&gt;[[Urdun]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Ciraaq]]&lt;!&gt;                   ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[SADR]]&lt;s's!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|12&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]]                          ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-

|13.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Maldives]]&lt;S'!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|14.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Marooko]]&lt;!'&gt;                ||75.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.

|-
|15.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]&lt;s&gt;                ||78.98&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;
|-
|16.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]&lt;'!&gt;[[Libiya]]&lt;!'&gt;                  ||89.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]&lt;!&gt;                       ||89.95&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|19.'&quot;||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]&lt;S!&gt;[[Falastiin]]&lt;s'!&gt;
||69.3&lt;REF name=&quot;p.189&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Suudaan]]&lt;!'&gt;             ||69.39&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.

|-
|23.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;

|-
|24.&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Barunay]]&lt;s'&gt;                   ||75.39&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|25.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Komoros]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|26.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Injamiina]]&lt;s'!&gt;||69.5&lt;Ref name=p.194/&gt;.:
|-
|28.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Baariis]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|29.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Romania]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Fiktoria]]&lt;s!'&gt;
||67.57&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.:
|-
&lt;S'!&gt;[[MILITARY Of '&quot;United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'&amp; NZL; &amp; Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;&amp; Français; Mexico;&amp; Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! &amp; Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]&lt;S'!&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|}
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.!'!
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&amp;filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&amp;filter-brand-country=&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;ReF&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa&lt;/ReF&gt;.:

===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”===
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate
|-
|01.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]&lt;s&gt;             ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|02.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]&lt;s&gt;||93.5&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|03.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||93.4&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|04.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]]                      ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
190/&gt;.
|-
|05.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Kuuriya]]&lt;s!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|06.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Qatar]]&lt;s&gt;                         ||93.6&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.191&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|08.&quot;'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]]                      ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|09.'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||91.8&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|10.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]&lt;!'&gt;[[Urdun]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Ciraaq]]&lt;!&gt;                   ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]&lt;!?&gt;[[SADR]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|12.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]]                          ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|13.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Marooko]]&lt;!'&gt;                ||75.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|14.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]&lt;s&gt;                ||78.98&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;  
|-
|15.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Mooskoow]]&lt;s'!&gt;||69.5&lt;Ref name=p.194/&gt;.:
|-
|15.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]&lt;'!&gt;[[Libiya]]&lt;!'&gt;                  ||89.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]&lt;!&gt;                       ||89.95&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|18.'.&quot;'&quot;||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Falastiin]]&lt;!'&gt;
||69.3&lt;REF name=&quot;p.189&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Suudaan]]&lt;!'&gt;             ||69.39&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|20.'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Koonfur Suudaan]]&lt;'!&gt;     ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|21.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]&lt;!?&gt;[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|23..&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Barunay]]&lt;s'!&gt;                   ||75.39&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|24..&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Komoros]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|25&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Injamiina]]&lt;s'!&gt;||69.5&lt;Ref name=p.194/&gt;.:
|-
|26.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Komoros]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Fiktoria]]&lt;s!'&gt;
||67.57&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.:
|-
|29..&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]&lt;s!'?&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|30.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Somalie.!'?]]&lt;s'!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|31.&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]&lt;S'&gt;[[Jabuuty.!'!]]&lt;s'&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
[[MILITARY Of '&quot;United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'&amp; NZL; &amp; Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;&amp; Français; Mexico;&amp; Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! &amp; Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]&lt;S'!&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|
|}
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&amp;filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&amp;filter-brand-country=&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

[&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;].

&lt;Ref&gt;https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php &lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

[&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/&lt;/Ref&gt;].

&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/Ref&gt;.  [&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;].
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://livingcost.org/cost&lt;/Ref&gt;]
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country &lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•&lt;!!'?&gt;.:•
|_
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|}

|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;].
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php &lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/Ref&gt;.  [&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;].
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://livingcost.org/cost&lt;/Ref&gt;]
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•&lt;!!'?&gt;.:•
|_
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/&lt;/Ref&gt;].
&lt;Ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country &lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
|}

==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;traditional&quot; caption=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt; 

File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.
File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.`
File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.`
File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.`
File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}.
File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}.

File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.`
File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}.

File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}
File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}.
File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}.
File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}.
File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}.
File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`

File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`

File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`?

File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`?


File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}.
File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`?
&lt;Ref&gt;https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/&lt;/Ref&gt;.!!`?

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
!!`?`!!`?'?!'
&lt;/gallery&gt; 

[[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`?
Comoros}}.!!`?
Carabiya]].]] 


[[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: &quot;as&quot; King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] 


[[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: &quot;as&quot; President  of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] 


[[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]]


&lt;Ref&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.::.::
[[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.:

[[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR&quot;China.:

[[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’

[[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.&amp; P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&amp;_.Philistianian Police Guard]]

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854&lt;/Ref&gt;

[[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]]
[[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~`

&lt;Ref&gt;
{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.

After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! …

https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.:

[[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.:

From Britannica  and Wikipedia and &quot;World&quot;  Libraries.!!`

[[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] .

According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino .


Content
1	The Arab world.
2	Religion.
2.1	Ancient times.
3	The Arabic language's.
4	History and civilization.
5	Arab events.
6	Ottoman decline:
7	The question of Palestine:
8	Arab relations with Arab Jews:

The [[Arab world]]:

The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? 


The Arab countries are:  [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't &quot;ALLOW&quot; to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]];  &quot;Economically&quot;; and &quot;Gegraphically&quot;; &amp; &quot;Politically&quot;..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In &quot;African Continent&quot; NOT &quot;ASIAN&quot;.• .!!`?'!.!

In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]].

Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'?

One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::.

==Religion and Science.!!'?== 
The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories .

Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]].

Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain .

==Ancient times.!!'== 
Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion.

==The Arabic languages.!!'==
Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic
Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 &amp; 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’?

“…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……”


There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and  3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’
Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’

“….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’

Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:•

==History and Civilization.!!'==
The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae .

Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?'

==Arabic performances.!!'==
Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s.

Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called &quot;Arabic numbers&quot; because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics &quot;algebra&quot; is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word &quot;Al-Dzabr&quot;.

==Ottoman &quot;Turks&quot; decline and &quot; “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise&quot;.!!'==
At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s,  and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!!

Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European  Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’

==The question of Palestin.!!'?== 

Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region.

==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'==

After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land.

Categories :

==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?==
At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them.

Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!`

&lt;Ref&gt;https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

==Warka==

December 25, 2017
Special Dispatch No. 7246
     
[[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them.
Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders.


Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017

 
Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights

Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title &quot;It Is Not a Conspiracy&quot;: &quot;The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact?

&quot;Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests.

&quot;Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds.

&quot;The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum?

&quot;Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous.

&quot;In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking.&quot;[1]

 
Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds?

Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: &quot;The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology...

&quot;Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?!

&quot;The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?...

&quot;As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?...

&quot;Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause].

&quot;The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime...&quot;[3]

 
Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved

Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: &quot;The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect...

&quot;Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency.

&quot;While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream...

&quot;ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech...

&quot;The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state.&quot;[6]

 
[1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017.

[2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps.

[3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.

[4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini.

[5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s.

[6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.
===BIODIVERSITY===
I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

FACT No. [#01.]

Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No. [#02.]

Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No. [#03.]

Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No.[#04.]

Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No. [#05.]

Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No. 6.

Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?'

FACT No. 7.

Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No.[#08.]

Not all Jews are Israelis.!'?

FACT No.[#09.]

Not all Israelis are Jews.!'?

FACT No.[#10.]

Not all Jews are white.!'?

FACT No. [#11.]

Not all Israelis are white.!'?

FACT No. [#12.]

Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'?

FACT No. 13.

Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'?

FACT No. 14.

Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'?

FACT No. 15.

Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'?

FACT No. 16.

Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'?

FACT No. 17.

[[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'?

FACT No. 18.

Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'?

FACT No. 19.

Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'?

FACT No. 20.

[Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'?

FACT No. 21.

Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'?

FACT No. 22.

Your passport is not your political beliefs.

FACT No. 23.

Your government is not your morality.!'?

FACT No. 24.

Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'?

FACT No. 25.

Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'?

FACT No. 26.

Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government.

FACT No. 27.

Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people.

FACT No. 28.

Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'?

FACT No. 29.

US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020).

FACT No. 30.

Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with.

FACT No. 31.

Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with.

FACT No. 32.

What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them.

FACT No. 33.

What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'?

FACT No. 34.

You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'?

FACT No. 35.

You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'?

FACT No. 36.

People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '?

FACT No. 37.

No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley).

FACT No. [#38.]

Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?...

FACT No. 39.

Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking &quot;IMPERIAL SHIT&quot; There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'?

FACT No. 40.

Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies.

FACT No. 41.

Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial.

FACT No. 42.

Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'?

FACT No. 43.

You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'..

FACT No. 44.

You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones.

FACT No. 45.

The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'?

FACT No. 46.

If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews.

FACT No. 47.

If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs.

FACT No. 48.

If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?...

FACT No. 49.

Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″  56'&quot;-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'?

FACT No. 50.

Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?'

Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'?

The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/&lt;/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts&lt;/Ref&gt;.:


5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)!

Waleed Gohar
Waleed Gohar
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3 min read
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Jun 22, 2020

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Introduction:
Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location.
Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine.
Is 3G available in Palestine?
The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this?
Facts About Palestine (3G Network)
This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly.
There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain.
The Economy of Palestine:
Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true?
To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people.
Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan.
And what is textile is to Pakistan?
60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment!
The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries.
The National Animal of Palestine:
Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians.
Facts About Palestine (Gazelle)
Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash
These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle.
The National Flower of Palestine:
Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria.
The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy.
One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same?
Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing.
The Siege in Gaza:
In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing.
The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited.
Conclusion:
The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense.
Thank You very much for staying with me till the end!


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&quot;Jabaan&quot; likely refers to the word for &quot;Japan&quot; in the language of the user, which in this case is probably &quot;Swahili&quot; or &quot;Somali&quot;, as it is a transliteration of the word &quot;Japan&quot; in these languages. 
Here's a breakdown: 
&quot;Jabaan&quot; is a transliteration of &quot;Japan&quot; in Swahili and Somali:
The word &quot;Jabaan&quot; is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali.
Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa:
Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!!

==Sido kale fiiri==

* [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]]

* [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]]

* [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]]

* https://livingcost.org/

==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa==

BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23
EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa
Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. 

—


===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!===

[#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’

Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. 

[#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?…

In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. 

Your Contribution Makes a Difference
Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions.
DONATE TODAY…!!’?’

 endangered species africa 
[#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’..

There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime.

[#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’…

This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. 

 endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R.

[#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’?

Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal.

You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing?

[#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’…

There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/&lt;/Ref&gt;.::

endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’
[#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ 

The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. 

[#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’

The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild.

[#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’

Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful.

[#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’

This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. 

Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!!

알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다(&quot;..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..&quot;) [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 &quot;..[[미국인]]..!!..&quot;과 &quot;...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'&quot; 가치관을...!!'?'...
aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida(&quot;..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..&quot;) [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae &quot;..[[migug-in]]..!!..&quot;gwa &quot;...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'&quot; gachigwan-eul...!!'?'...

==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== 

By H. Nimmo.
Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks.  Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them.

=10,441 &quot;African Safaris&quot;=


[#01.]Ethiopian’s..!..
Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’…

The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s  It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs.

Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia

 
 [#02.]Pangolin
Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’

The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are.

Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa

 
 [#03.] Black Rhino
Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’….

Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front.  Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts.

Best places to see black rhino:

Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania
Etosha National Park, Namibia
Damaraland, Namibia
Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe
 

 [#04.] White Rhino
White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…

It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing.

Best places to see white rhino:

Kruger National Park, South Africa
uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa
Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa
Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa
 

 [#05.]Mountain Gorilla
Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’…

Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!!
Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda

 
 [#06.]African Wild Dog?
African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’

Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. 

Best places to see African wild dog:

Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe
Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa
Linyanti Concession, Botswana
Selinda Concession, Botswana
 

 [#07.] African Penguin
African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’

For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call.

Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa

 
 [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe
Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!…

The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees.

Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes:

Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya
Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda
Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda
Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda
 

 [#09.] Hooded Vulture
Hooded vulture..!!’?’

Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill.

Best places to see hooded vultures:

Moremi National Park, Botswana
Kruger National Park, South Africa
Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
 

 [#10.] Chimpanzee
Chimpanzee…!!’?’

When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’?

Best places to see chimpanzees:

Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania
Kibale National Park, Uganda
 

Want To Go on an African Safari?
Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators.

10,441 African Safaris

*&lt;ref&gt;https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/&lt;/ref&gt;.

* &lt;ref&gt;https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/&lt;/ref&gt;.


* https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540

* https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ 
* https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8

* https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette

* https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries//

* https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php&lt;/Ref&gt;

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

* https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html

* https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world&lt;/Ref&gt;.


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world&lt;/Ref&gt;.

* https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }}


* https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html


*https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world

&lt;Ref&gt;https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.

* https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/

*&lt;ref&gt;https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/&lt;/ref&gt;

*&lt;ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/ref&gt;.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.xe.com/popularity.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

*&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.&lt;/ref&gt;.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year&lt;/ref&gt;.:

 
* https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} 
* https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


* https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized
{{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }}

* https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel

* https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.:

{{Wayback|url=
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }}

* https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }}

* https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/


* https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha 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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ra'iisul wasaare</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4999</id>
    <revision>
      <id>302529</id>
      <parentid>157532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T23:05:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Videoiib7</username>
        <id>46243</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>302529</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1038" sha1="s2xeofwr60br8m55qinn4yjrr58hpjj" xml:space="preserve">{{Talis}}
[[File:CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg|thumb]]

'''Ra'iisul Wasaare''' ({{lang-en|Prime Minister}}; {{lang-ar|رئيس الوزراء}}) waa madaxa xukuumadeed ee wadan, dowlad ama dal. Sida caadiga ah, ra'iisul wasaaruhu waxa uu madax u yahay wasiirada oo dhan. Waxaa mararka qaar lagu magacaaba waasiirka kowaad ee dowlad leedahay. 
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ra'iisul wasaaruhu waxaa inta ugu badan soo magacaaba [[Madaxweyne|Madaxweynaha]] ama [[Boqor]]ka wadankaasi. Sidoo kale wadamo badan oo caalamka ah &quot;ra'iisul wasaaraha&quot; waxaa si toos ah u doorta shacabka iyo bulshada wadankaasi.

=Asalka Ereyga=
Ereyga &quot;ra'iisul wasaare&quot; ma ahan [[Af Soomaali]], laakiin waa kelmad aan ka soo amaahanay luuqada [[Af Carabi]]ga. Ereyga &quot;رئيس الوزراء&quot; micnaheedu waa madaxa wasiirada ama &quot;hogaanka wasiirada&quot;.

=La Xidhiidha=
* [[Madaxweyne]]
* [[Boqor]]
* [[Madaxweyne ku xigeen]]
* [[Ra'iisal Wasaare]]
* [[Dowlad]]
* [[Siyaasad]]

=Tixraac=
{{Reflist}}
{{gumud}}
{{commons|category:prime minister}}
[[Category:Siyaasad]]</text>
      <sha1>s2xeofwr60br8m55qinn4yjrr58hpjj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Koobka Adduunka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5104</id>
    <revision>
      <id>302521</id>
      <parentid>244825</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T22:33:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Videoiib7</username>
        <id>46243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Qaababkii ay u dhaceen */</comment>
      <origin>302521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1666" sha1="cksb24c5l2katar0sv0v8132js8g7ce" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World cup countries best results.png|frameless|right|upright=2]]

'''Koobka Adduunka'''
== Qaababkii ay u dhaceen ==
{| border=1 font-size:90%;&quot; cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 width=75%
|- &lt;center&gt;
!width=15%|Sanad
!width=30%|Wadanka martigaliyey
!width=30%|Wadanka ku Guuleystay

|-
|1930
|Uruguay
|Uruguay
|-
|1934
|[[Talyaaniga]]
|Talyaaniga
|-
|1938
|[[Faransiis]]ka
|Talyaaniga
|-
|1950
|[[Baraasiil]]
|Uruguay
|-
|1954
|Iswiiska
|Jarmalka
|-
|1958
|Iswidhan
|Baraasiil
|-
|1962
|[[Chili]]
|Baraasiil
|-
|1966
|[[Ingiriis]]ka
|Ingiriiska
|-
|1970
|[[Meksiko]]{{Flag|Mexico}}
|Baraasiil{{Flag|Brazil}}
|-
|1974
|[[Jarmalka]]{{Flag|Germany}}
|Jarmalka{{Flag|Germany}}
|-
|1978
|[[Arjantiina|Arjantiin]]{{Flag|Argentina}}
|[[Arjantiina|Arjantiin]]{{Flag|Argentina}}
|-
|1982
|[[Isbania]]{{Flag|Spain}}
|Talyaaniga{{Flag|Italy}}
|-
|1986
|Meksiko{{Flag|Mexico}}
|Arjantiin{{Flag|Argentina}}
|-
|1990
|Talyaaniga{{Flag|Italy}}
|Jarmal{{Flag|Germany}}
|-
|1994
|[[Mareykan]]{{Flag|United States}}
|Baraasiiil{{Flag|Brazil}}
|-
|1998
|Faransiiska {{Flag|France}}
|Faransiiska{{Flag|France}}
|-
|2002
|[[Jabaan]] iyo [[Kuuriya]] {{Flag|Japan}}{{Flag|South Korea}}
|Baraasiil{{Flag|Brazil}}
|-
|2006
|Jarmalka {{Flag|Germany}}
|Talyaaniga{{Flag|Italy}}
|-
|2010
|[[Koonfur Afrika]]{{Flag|South Africa}}
| Isbania{{Flag|Spain}}
|-
|2014
|Baraasiil{{Flag|Brazil}}
|Jarmalka {{Flag|Germany}}
|-
|2018
|Russka {{Flag|Russia}}
|Fransiiska {{Flag|France}}
|-
|2022
|Qadar {{Flag|Qatar}}
|[[Arjantiina]] {{Flag|Arjantiina}}
|-
|2026
|Mareykanka {{Flag|United States}} Meksiko {{flag|Mexico}} Kanada {{Flag|Canada}}
|'''?????'''
|-

[[Category:Gumud]]
[[Category:Ciyaaraha]]</text>
      <sha1>cksb24c5l2katar0sv0v8132js8g7ce</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dhir</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12266</id>
    <revision>
      <id>302523</id>
      <parentid>284056</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T22:44:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Videoiib7</username>
        <id>46243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Keymo */</comment>
      <origin>302523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12322" sha1="qm9gublzr9f2cz444zyvn10mvutqakr" xml:space="preserve">{{selfref|Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan &quot;dhirta&quot;. Bogag kale fiiri [[Geed]]aha iyo [[beer]]aha.}}
{{taxobox
| image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| unranked_domain = [[Diaphoretickes]]&lt;br /&gt; 
[[Archaeplastida]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subdivision_ranks = Sidoo kale eeg
|subdivision = &lt;center&gt;[[Beer]] • [[Geed]]&lt;/center&gt;
}}
[[File:Ash_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590710.jpg|thumb|[[Geed]]ku waa taageere [[nolol|nolosha dhulka]] oo aad u muhiim ah.]]
'''Dhir''' ({{lang-en|plant}}; {{lang-ar|نبات}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Dhirta Cagaaran''' waa [[noole]] ka samaysan [[unug]]yo badan oo isku xidhan taasi oo dulsaaran oogada sare ee [[dhul]]ka. Dhirtu waa kalmada jamcisa dhamaan [[geed]]aha noocaydooda kala duwan ee laga helo [[caro|carada]] dusheeda, [[biyo|biyaha]] dhexdooda, [[buur]]aha iyo meelo badan oo kala duwan. 

Waxa jira noocyo badan oo dhirta ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. Guud ahaan dhirtu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay ka kooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee. Qeybaha rasmiga ah ee dhirtu waa dhirta ubaxa leh (flowering plant), caleen-yare (carnifers), feerno, Lycopodiopsida, jirid-yare, algiya, caleenley iyo shurub.
Dhirtu waxay ka mid tahay [[Noole]]ha.

Sidoo kale, dhirtu waxay leedahay unugyo-dahaadhan (cellwalls) kuwaasi oo u suurta geliya ineey sameeysato [[cunto]] ayadoo isticmaaleysa [[ileys]]ka [[qorax]]da, [[biyo]] iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsajiin]]. Dhirtu waxay manaafacaad iyo faa'iido badan u leedahay [[duni]]dan aan ku noolnahay; waxay suurto-gelisaa in hawada ka soo saart kaarboonka isla markaana ku sii deeyso [[hawo|hawada]] [[Ogsajiin]] oo ah mida teegeerta nolosha [[xayawaan]]ka iyo [[dad]]ka. Intaas waxaa dheer in dhirtu soo saarto [[midho]], [[caleen|caleemo]], [[jirid]] iyo [[xidid]]o kal duwan taasi oo ay quud iyo cunto ka dhigtaan dhamaan noolaha intiisa kale ee xayawaanka iyo dadku ka midka yihiin. 

Guud ahaan waxaa jira noocyo badan oo dhir ah; kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[beer]]aha, [[keyn|keymaha]], iyo dhuldaaqsiimeedka.
Maadaama juqraafiga dhulku kala duwan yahay, meelaha dhirtu ka baxdo aduunyada weey kala duwan tahay. Meelaha qaar waxaa ka baxa kumanaan nooc oo dhir ah, halka deegaanada qaar (sida [[saxare]]ha ama [[lamadegaan]]ka) ay ku yar tahay dhirtu. Maadaama noloshu ku tiirsan tahay dhirta waxaa waajib ah in la ilaaliyo jiritaanka, koritaanka iyo caafimaadka dhirta.

[[File:Photosynthesis.gif|thumb|left|Geedku wuxuu u baahan yahay [[ileys]], [[biyo]] iyo [[hawo]] si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]].]]

Dhirtu waa noolaha kali ah ee [[cunto|cuntadiisa]] diyaarsada ayagoo isticmaalaya nidaam loo yaqaano [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] (photosynthesis). 

Geeduhu waxay u baahan yihiin [[ileys]] (inta badan ileyska dabiiciga ah ee [[qorax]]da), [[biyo]] ay [[xidido|xididadu]] ka soo nuugaan dhulka iyo [[hawo]] - gaar ahaan [[Kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]] (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya Habka Samayska Cuntada. 

Inta u badan dhirta, habka samayska cuntada ee geedku wuxuu ka dhex dhacaa [[caleen|caleemaha]] iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta, halkaas oo [[biyo|biyaha]], awooda [[ileys]]ka iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]ku ku [[falgal]]aan. [[Isku dhis]]ka halkaas ka dhaca waxaa ka soo baxa [[Ogsajiin]] [[hawo]] ah oo caleemuhu [[cir]]ka ku sii daayaan. Taasi oo ah faa'iidada koowaad ee dhirtu u leedahay deegaanka dhulka. 
[[File:Simple_photosynthesis_overview.svg|thumb|Habka Samaynta Cuntada ee geedka. Dhirtu waa isha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku darta [[dhul]]ka.]]
Qaacidada [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] ee dhirtu waa sidan:

'''2n CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 2n DH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + Ileyska Qoraxda → 2(CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)n + 2n DO'''

Kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh + deeq elektaron + awooda iftiinka → Kaarbohaydarate + deeq elektaron ogsajiin

Habkan cunto samayska dhirtu wuxuu dhacaa [[wakhti]]ga [[maalin]]tii sababtoo ah [[ileys|iftiinka]] falaadhaha [[qorax]]da waa lagama maarmaan. Sidoo kale, habkani waxaa lagu sameeyn karaa nidaam loo yaqaano ''greenhouse'' oo iftiin fiican siin kara geedka. 
Habka samayska cuntada dhirta waa deeqaha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku dara [[hawo]]da. Markasta oo geedku cunto sameeysto Ogsajiin ayuu sii daayaa taasi oo [[dad]]ka iyo [[xayawaan]]ku [[neefsi|neefsadaan]].

= Beer =
[[File:PSM_V18_D630_Restoration_of_a_lepidodendron.jpg|thumb|left|Geedaha aan caleenta lahayn.]]
[[Beer]], ama Beero (wadar) waa nidaamka abuurida, korinta, xanaaneynta iyo soo saarida [[dhir]] laga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], [[daawo]], [[hooy]] iyo guud ahaan manafaac taageera nolosha [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]], [[xayawaan]]ka iyo inta ku tiirsan. Beeruhu waa aasaaska nolosha iyo jiritaanka nolosha, iyo barta ay ka soo uunkantey horumarka xadaarada aadamaha.
Waxa jira noocyo badan oo beero ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. [[Dhir]]tu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay kakooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee.

=Dhul beereedka=
Inkastoo dhirtu u qaybsanto mid la aadanuhu cuno iyo mid uu anfacsado iyo mid uusan waxba ku falin ayaa hadana waxaa jira dhul loogu talo galay beerashada, dhulkaas ayaa ka bedelan kan kale, waxaa ku badan macdanta iyo nafaqada dhiri ku bixi karto, dhuldaaqsimeedka waxaa lagu gartaa carrada madow ee dhoobeeyda ah, badanaa waxaa ka ag dhow [[biyo]] mareenno sida [[Webiyada|wabiyada]] iyo togaga, ama waa meel godan oo biyo fariistaan xiliyada [[Roob|roobka]], dhirta lagu beerto ayaa leh xili la gurto.

= [[Kimikal dibusocod|Keymo]] =
Keymuhu waa [[dhul]] baaxad balaadhan leh oo [[geed]]o badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah. 
Tiro badan oo dhir nooceeda, [[dherer]]keeda iyo qaradeedu kala duwan tahay ayaa noqonaysa Keyn. 

[[Qolof dhul|Oogada sare ee dhulka]] waxaa ku yaala keymo aad u badan kuwaas oo ku fadhiya 9.4% dhulka dunida. Si kale hadaan u dhigno keymuhu waxay qariyaan 30% [[dhul|dhulka qalalan]] ee dunida. 

Intaas uun kuma koobna ee waxaa jira keymo [[biyo|biyaha]] ku dhex yaala. Waxaa ka mid ah keynta kelp. 
[[File:Kelp_forest.jpg|thumb|Keymaha Kelp ee biyaha ka dhex baxa.]]
Keymaha [[duni]]da ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Tayga|Keynta Tayga]] ee ku fidsan [[labo|labo qaaradood]], taas oo ka soo bilaabanta [[Kanada]] kuna fidsan dhamaan wadanka [[Ruushka]], iyo [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. 
[[File:Redwoods_in_Muir_Woods_2.JPG|thumb|Keymaha alwaaxa ee dhaadheer.]]

= Isticmaalka Dhirta =
[[File:Buk1.JPG|thumb|left|Jirida geedaha waawayn waxaa laga sameeyaa alaabo badan oo dadku isticmaalaan.]]
Sida [[cilmi|cilmiga jiyoolojigu]] sheegay, [[Dhir]]ta dabiiciga ah waxay [[qolof dhul|oogada dhulka]] ku beeran tahay in ka badan [[milyan|370 milyan]] oo sano. 

Barashada cilmiga tirada, koritaanka, caafimaadka, isticmaalka iyo baaxada [[keyn|keymaha]] dhirta caalamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''Silvicultur''. 

Dhirta dadku beeraan si looga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], agabka dhismaha, qurux ahaan iyo waxyaabo kale waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Beer]] (plantation). 

Beeraha lagu beero [[khudaar]]ta iyo [[midho|midhaha]] waxaa lagu magacaabaa Beer-midho (orchard).

Dhul baaxad balaadhan leh oo geedo badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah, waxaa loo yaqanaanaa [[Keyn]] (forest). 

Sidoo kale, deegaanada fidsan ee [[buur]]uhu ku yar yihiin isla markaana leh [[cows]] badan iyo geedo talanteel ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[Dhuldaaqsiin]] (savanna).

Guud ahaan, dhir badan ayaa ku taala oogada dhulka. Meelaha qaar aad ayay ugu badan tahay oo keymo waawayn ayaa ku yaala - keymaha ugu weyn dunida waxaa ka mid ah [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]] iyo [[Tayga]] (Taiga) oo ku fidsan [[qaarad|labo qaaradood]] oo kala ah [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dhamaan noocyada geedku faa'iido badan ayuu u leeyahay [[noole|noolaha]] iyo [[dhul|deegaanka dhulka]].

Nolosha dadku si toosan ayay ugu xidhan tahay [[dhir]]ta, mar ahaan waa isha koowaad ee quudka (cunto), [[daawo]]oyinka, agabka guryaha, dharka iyo sheeyo badan oo aadamuhu isticmaalo. Marka labaad, ayadoo isticmaalaysa [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] dhirtu si joogto ah ayay [[hawo|hawada]] ugu dartaa [[neef]]ta [[Ogsajiin]]ta, midaas oo noole badan [[neefsi|neefsado]].

Waxa intaas dheer in dhirtu difaac u tahay [[caro|carada]] ayadoo ka ilaalisa nabaad-guurka. 

== Cuntada ==
[[File:Maple_syrup_taps.jpg|thumb|Geedka [[Sonkor]]ta.]]
Geeduhu waa isha ugu horeeysa ee soo saarta noocyo badan oo [[cunto|cuntada]] dadku quutaan maalin kasta. 
[[Khudaar]]ta sida [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]], [[besbaas]]k, [[toon]]ta, [[saladh]]ka, [[barandho|barandhada]] iyo kuwo kale oo badan; iyo [[midho|midhaha]] sida [[muus]]ka, [[liin]]ta, [[tufaax]]a, [[cambe|cambaha]], [[saytuun]]ka, [[timir]]ta iyo in badan oo kale waxay ka mid yihiin dhirta loo beero ganacsi ahaan ee caalamka oo dhan laga cuno. 

Intaas waxaa dheer, dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa sheeyo badan oo cuntada lagu darsado, waxa ka mid ah [[sonkor]]ta, daqiiqda ama burka, [[saliid]]a, [[shaah]]a, [[koofi]]ga iyo in badan oo kale. 
Intaas waxaa dheer, noocyo badan oo geedaha ka mid ah waxay [[ur|udug]] iyo caraf u sameeyaan cuntada, tusaale ahaan, heylka, qorfaha iyo carfiyayaasha kale.

Dhinaca kale, in badan oo dhirta ah waxay leeyihiin [[ubax]] leh dheecaan macaan (nectar) kaas oo [[xasharaad]]ka soo jiita. [[Shini]]du waxay ururisaa dheecaankaas macaan ka dibna ka sameeysaa [[malab]]ka oo ah wax dadku cunaan. 
Sidoo kale, [[caleen]]ta iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta waxaa quuta [[xoolo|xoolaha]] dadku dhaqdaan kuwaas oo cunto iyo cabitaanba siiya aadamaha.

== Shidaal ==
== Agab ==

=Asalka=
[[File:Selling_fuelwood.jpeg|thumb|280px|[[Xaabo|xaabadu]] waa [[shidaal]] laga helo [[kul]].]]
'''Boqortooyo (biyoloji)''' (magaca [[Saynis]] '''''regnum''''', wadar ahaan '''''regna''''') waa heerka labaad ee loo kala saaro noocyada [[noole|noolaha]]. Boqortooyadani waxaa loo sii kala jebiyaa kooxo yar-yar oo Saynis ahaan loo yaqaano ''Fyla'' (Phyla). In kastoo kala qeybinta kooxaha boqortooyada ee biyoloji lagu kala duwan yahay, wadanka [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Kanada]] waxay qeybahaasi ka dhigaan ilaa lix kooxood ([[Xayawaan]], [[Dhir]], [[Fungi]], [[Brotista]], [[Arjaeya]], [[Bakteriya]]); halka wadanada ay ka mid yihiin [[Ingiriis]]ka, [[Hindiya]], [[Australia]], [[Latin Amerika]], meelo badan oo [[Afrika]] ah iyo wadano kale waxay aqoonsadeen kaliya shan koox oo ka tirsan boqortooyada, kuwaasi oo kala ah: Xayawaanka, Dhirta, Fungiga, Brotistaha iyo Bakteriyada.&lt;ref&gt;[http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163)] {{Wayback|url=http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf |date=20201019133625 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Qeybaha Boqortooyooyinka==

{{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Noole]]
|1={{clade
|1=Boqortooyo [[Dhir]]
|2=Boqortooyo [[Xayawaan]]
|3=Boqortooyo [[Brotist]]
|4=Boqortooyo [[Bakteriya]]
|5=Boqortooyo [[Fungi]]
}}
}}
}}

[[File:Timberwork2.JPG|thumb|left|Alwaaxa guryaha lagu dhiso.]]
Dhirta qaar ka mid ah, sida geedka [[dun]]ta (cotton tree) waxuu soo saara midhaha dunta, taas oo la [[warshad]]eeyo ka dib laga sameeyo noocyo badan oo [[dhar]] ah. 

Qoryaha iyo alwaaxyada laga soo guro dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa agab badan, kuwaas oo dadku isticmaalaan si nolosha u fududaato. Agabka laga sameeyo dhirta waxaa ka mid ah: [[Miis|miisaska]], [[kursi|kuraasida]], kabadhada, [[sariir]]aha, weelka wax lagu cuno iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan.

= Faa'iidooyin Kale =

= Abuuridda =
[[File:Latex_dripping.JPG|thumb|Geedka rabadhka laga sameeyo oo dareere rabadh ah laga guraayo.]]

=Sidoo kale eeg=
*[[Dhirta ubaxa]]
*[[Dhirta biyuhu]]

=Tixraac=
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geedaha]]
[[Category:Saynis]]
[[Category:Dhir]]
[[Category:Qeybaha Geedka]]
[[Category:Noole]]
[[Category:Juquraafi]]
[[Category:Kheyraadka Dabiiciga]]
[[Category:Dhul]]
[[Category:Aqoon]]
[[Category:Waxbarsho]]
[[Category:Keymo]]
[[Category:Bayoloji]]</text>
      <sha1>qm9gublzr9f2cz444zyvn10mvutqakr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>302524</id>
      <parentid>302523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T22:47:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Videoiib7</username>
        <id>46243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shidaal */</comment>
      <origin>302524</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12934" sha1="7aduy06z1foyo5wfd0817ouz75xr1c8" xml:space="preserve">{{selfref|Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan &quot;dhirta&quot;. Bogag kale fiiri [[Geed]]aha iyo [[beer]]aha.}}
{{taxobox
| image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| unranked_domain = [[Diaphoretickes]]&lt;br /&gt; 
[[Archaeplastida]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subdivision_ranks = Sidoo kale eeg
|subdivision = &lt;center&gt;[[Beer]] • [[Geed]]&lt;/center&gt;
}}
[[File:Ash_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590710.jpg|thumb|[[Geed]]ku waa taageere [[nolol|nolosha dhulka]] oo aad u muhiim ah.]]
'''Dhir''' ({{lang-en|plant}}; {{lang-ar|نبات}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Dhirta Cagaaran''' waa [[noole]] ka samaysan [[unug]]yo badan oo isku xidhan taasi oo dulsaaran oogada sare ee [[dhul]]ka. Dhirtu waa kalmada jamcisa dhamaan [[geed]]aha noocaydooda kala duwan ee laga helo [[caro|carada]] dusheeda, [[biyo|biyaha]] dhexdooda, [[buur]]aha iyo meelo badan oo kala duwan. 

Waxa jira noocyo badan oo dhirta ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. Guud ahaan dhirtu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay ka kooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee. Qeybaha rasmiga ah ee dhirtu waa dhirta ubaxa leh (flowering plant), caleen-yare (carnifers), feerno, Lycopodiopsida, jirid-yare, algiya, caleenley iyo shurub.
Dhirtu waxay ka mid tahay [[Noole]]ha.

Sidoo kale, dhirtu waxay leedahay unugyo-dahaadhan (cellwalls) kuwaasi oo u suurta geliya ineey sameeysato [[cunto]] ayadoo isticmaaleysa [[ileys]]ka [[qorax]]da, [[biyo]] iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsajiin]]. Dhirtu waxay manaafacaad iyo faa'iido badan u leedahay [[duni]]dan aan ku noolnahay; waxay suurto-gelisaa in hawada ka soo saart kaarboonka isla markaana ku sii deeyso [[hawo|hawada]] [[Ogsajiin]] oo ah mida teegeerta nolosha [[xayawaan]]ka iyo [[dad]]ka. Intaas waxaa dheer in dhirtu soo saarto [[midho]], [[caleen|caleemo]], [[jirid]] iyo [[xidid]]o kal duwan taasi oo ay quud iyo cunto ka dhigtaan dhamaan noolaha intiisa kale ee xayawaanka iyo dadku ka midka yihiin. 

Guud ahaan waxaa jira noocyo badan oo dhir ah; kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[beer]]aha, [[keyn|keymaha]], iyo dhuldaaqsiimeedka.
Maadaama juqraafiga dhulku kala duwan yahay, meelaha dhirtu ka baxdo aduunyada weey kala duwan tahay. Meelaha qaar waxaa ka baxa kumanaan nooc oo dhir ah, halka deegaanada qaar (sida [[saxare]]ha ama [[lamadegaan]]ka) ay ku yar tahay dhirtu. Maadaama noloshu ku tiirsan tahay dhirta waxaa waajib ah in la ilaaliyo jiritaanka, koritaanka iyo caafimaadka dhirta.

[[File:Photosynthesis.gif|thumb|left|Geedku wuxuu u baahan yahay [[ileys]], [[biyo]] iyo [[hawo]] si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]].]]

Dhirtu waa noolaha kali ah ee [[cunto|cuntadiisa]] diyaarsada ayagoo isticmaalaya nidaam loo yaqaano [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] (photosynthesis). 

Geeduhu waxay u baahan yihiin [[ileys]] (inta badan ileyska dabiiciga ah ee [[qorax]]da), [[biyo]] ay [[xidido|xididadu]] ka soo nuugaan dhulka iyo [[hawo]] - gaar ahaan [[Kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]] (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya Habka Samayska Cuntada. 

Inta u badan dhirta, habka samayska cuntada ee geedku wuxuu ka dhex dhacaa [[caleen|caleemaha]] iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta, halkaas oo [[biyo|biyaha]], awooda [[ileys]]ka iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]ku ku [[falgal]]aan. [[Isku dhis]]ka halkaas ka dhaca waxaa ka soo baxa [[Ogsajiin]] [[hawo]] ah oo caleemuhu [[cir]]ka ku sii daayaan. Taasi oo ah faa'iidada koowaad ee dhirtu u leedahay deegaanka dhulka. 
[[File:Simple_photosynthesis_overview.svg|thumb|Habka Samaynta Cuntada ee geedka. Dhirtu waa isha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku darta [[dhul]]ka.]]
Qaacidada [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] ee dhirtu waa sidan:

'''2n CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 2n DH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + Ileyska Qoraxda → 2(CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)n + 2n DO'''

Kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh + deeq elektaron + awooda iftiinka → Kaarbohaydarate + deeq elektaron ogsajiin

Habkan cunto samayska dhirtu wuxuu dhacaa [[wakhti]]ga [[maalin]]tii sababtoo ah [[ileys|iftiinka]] falaadhaha [[qorax]]da waa lagama maarmaan. Sidoo kale, habkani waxaa lagu sameeyn karaa nidaam loo yaqaano ''greenhouse'' oo iftiin fiican siin kara geedka. 
Habka samayska cuntada dhirta waa deeqaha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku dara [[hawo]]da. Markasta oo geedku cunto sameeysto Ogsajiin ayuu sii daayaa taasi oo [[dad]]ka iyo [[xayawaan]]ku [[neefsi|neefsadaan]].

= Beer =
[[File:PSM_V18_D630_Restoration_of_a_lepidodendron.jpg|thumb|left|Geedaha aan caleenta lahayn.]]
[[Beer]], ama Beero (wadar) waa nidaamka abuurida, korinta, xanaaneynta iyo soo saarida [[dhir]] laga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], [[daawo]], [[hooy]] iyo guud ahaan manafaac taageera nolosha [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]], [[xayawaan]]ka iyo inta ku tiirsan. Beeruhu waa aasaaska nolosha iyo jiritaanka nolosha, iyo barta ay ka soo uunkantey horumarka xadaarada aadamaha.
Waxa jira noocyo badan oo beero ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. [[Dhir]]tu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay kakooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee.

=Dhul beereedka=
Inkastoo dhirtu u qaybsanto mid la aadanuhu cuno iyo mid uu anfacsado iyo mid uusan waxba ku falin ayaa hadana waxaa jira dhul loogu talo galay beerashada, dhulkaas ayaa ka bedelan kan kale, waxaa ku badan macdanta iyo nafaqada dhiri ku bixi karto, dhuldaaqsimeedka waxaa lagu gartaa carrada madow ee dhoobeeyda ah, badanaa waxaa ka ag dhow [[biyo]] mareenno sida [[Webiyada|wabiyada]] iyo togaga, ama waa meel godan oo biyo fariistaan xiliyada [[Roob|roobka]], dhirta lagu beerto ayaa leh xili la gurto.

= [[Kimikal dibusocod|Keymo]] =
Keymuhu waa [[dhul]] baaxad balaadhan leh oo [[geed]]o badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah. 
Tiro badan oo dhir nooceeda, [[dherer]]keeda iyo qaradeedu kala duwan tahay ayaa noqonaysa Keyn. 

[[Qolof dhul|Oogada sare ee dhulka]] waxaa ku yaala keymo aad u badan kuwaas oo ku fadhiya 9.4% dhulka dunida. Si kale hadaan u dhigno keymuhu waxay qariyaan 30% [[dhul|dhulka qalalan]] ee dunida. 

Intaas uun kuma koobna ee waxaa jira keymo [[biyo|biyaha]] ku dhex yaala. Waxaa ka mid ah keynta kelp. 
[[File:Kelp_forest.jpg|thumb|Keymaha Kelp ee biyaha ka dhex baxa.]]
Keymaha [[duni]]da ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Tayga|Keynta Tayga]] ee ku fidsan [[labo|labo qaaradood]], taas oo ka soo bilaabanta [[Kanada]] kuna fidsan dhamaan wadanka [[Ruushka]], iyo [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. 
[[File:Redwoods_in_Muir_Woods_2.JPG|thumb|Keymaha alwaaxa ee dhaadheer.]]

= Isticmaalka Dhirta =
[[File:Buk1.JPG|thumb|left|Jirida geedaha waawayn waxaa laga sameeyaa alaabo badan oo dadku isticmaalaan.]]
Sida [[cilmi|cilmiga jiyoolojigu]] sheegay, [[Dhir]]ta dabiiciga ah waxay [[qolof dhul|oogada dhulka]] ku beeran tahay in ka badan [[milyan|370 milyan]] oo sano. 

Barashada cilmiga tirada, koritaanka, caafimaadka, isticmaalka iyo baaxada [[keyn|keymaha]] dhirta caalamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''Silvicultur''. 

Dhirta dadku beeraan si looga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], agabka dhismaha, qurux ahaan iyo waxyaabo kale waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Beer]] (plantation). 

Beeraha lagu beero [[khudaar]]ta iyo [[midho|midhaha]] waxaa lagu magacaabaa Beer-midho (orchard).

Dhul baaxad balaadhan leh oo geedo badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah, waxaa loo yaqanaanaa [[Keyn]] (forest). 

Sidoo kale, deegaanada fidsan ee [[buur]]uhu ku yar yihiin isla markaana leh [[cows]] badan iyo geedo talanteel ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[Dhuldaaqsiin]] (savanna).

Guud ahaan, dhir badan ayaa ku taala oogada dhulka. Meelaha qaar aad ayay ugu badan tahay oo keymo waawayn ayaa ku yaala - keymaha ugu weyn dunida waxaa ka mid ah [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]] iyo [[Tayga]] (Taiga) oo ku fidsan [[qaarad|labo qaaradood]] oo kala ah [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dhamaan noocyada geedku faa'iido badan ayuu u leeyahay [[noole|noolaha]] iyo [[dhul|deegaanka dhulka]].

Nolosha dadku si toosan ayay ugu xidhan tahay [[dhir]]ta, mar ahaan waa isha koowaad ee quudka (cunto), [[daawo]]oyinka, agabka guryaha, dharka iyo sheeyo badan oo aadamuhu isticmaalo. Marka labaad, ayadoo isticmaalaysa [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] dhirtu si joogto ah ayay [[hawo|hawada]] ugu dartaa [[neef]]ta [[Ogsajiin]]ta, midaas oo noole badan [[neefsi|neefsado]].

Waxa intaas dheer in dhirtu difaac u tahay [[caro|carada]] ayadoo ka ilaalisa nabaad-guurka. 

== Cuntada ==
[[File:Maple_syrup_taps.jpg|thumb|Geedka [[Sonkor]]ta.]]
Geeduhu waa isha ugu horeeysa ee soo saarta noocyo badan oo [[cunto|cuntada]] dadku quutaan maalin kasta. 
[[Khudaar]]ta sida [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]], [[besbaas]]k, [[toon]]ta, [[saladh]]ka, [[barandho|barandhada]] iyo kuwo kale oo badan; iyo [[midho|midhaha]] sida [[muus]]ka, [[liin]]ta, [[tufaax]]a, [[cambe|cambaha]], [[saytuun]]ka, [[timir]]ta iyo in badan oo kale waxay ka mid yihiin dhirta loo beero ganacsi ahaan ee caalamka oo dhan laga cuno. 

Intaas waxaa dheer, dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa sheeyo badan oo cuntada lagu darsado, waxa ka mid ah [[sonkor]]ta, daqiiqda ama burka, [[saliid]]a, [[shaah]]a, [[koofi]]ga iyo in badan oo kale. 
Intaas waxaa dheer, noocyo badan oo geedaha ka mid ah waxay [[ur|udug]] iyo caraf u sameeyaan cuntada, tusaale ahaan, heylka, qorfaha iyo carfiyayaasha kale.

Dhinaca kale, in badan oo dhirta ah waxay leeyihiin [[ubax]] leh dheecaan macaan (nectar) kaas oo [[xasharaad]]ka soo jiita. [[Shini]]du waxay ururisaa dheecaankaas macaan ka dibna ka sameeysaa [[malab]]ka oo ah wax dadku cunaan. 
Sidoo kale, [[caleen]]ta iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta waxaa quuta [[xoolo|xoolaha]] dadku dhaqdaan kuwaas oo cunto iyo cabitaanba siiya aadamaha.

== Shidaal ==
Shidaalku wuxuu ka samaysmay markii tiro badan oo noole dhintay ah - u badan [[dhir]] iyo algea - ku aasmeen [[dhagax|dhagaxa sedimentary]] hoostiisa, halkaas oo [[cadaadis]] iyo [[kul]] badan ku helay [[milyan|malaayiin]] [[sanad|sano]] ka hor. 
 
Marka la derso deegaanka iyo qaabdhismeedkiisa jiyooloji, ayaa shidaalka la qodaa, ka dib saliida qaydhiin la warshadeeyaa ayadoo [[kul]] badan la isticmaalayo. Waxaana soo baxa shidaalka ''gasoline'' (betrol), kerosene, [[Naafto]], Gaaska faysnuska lagu shido, [[gaamur]] ilaa laga gaadho asphalt iyo kimikooyink kale oo laga sameeyo [[bac]]aha iyo sheyo kale.

== Agab ==

=Asalka=
[[File:Selling_fuelwood.jpeg|thumb|280px|[[Xaabo|xaabadu]] waa [[shidaal]] laga helo [[kul]].]]
'''Boqortooyo (biyoloji)''' (magaca [[Saynis]] '''''regnum''''', wadar ahaan '''''regna''''') waa heerka labaad ee loo kala saaro noocyada [[noole|noolaha]]. Boqortooyadani waxaa loo sii kala jebiyaa kooxo yar-yar oo Saynis ahaan loo yaqaano ''Fyla'' (Phyla). In kastoo kala qeybinta kooxaha boqortooyada ee biyoloji lagu kala duwan yahay, wadanka [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Kanada]] waxay qeybahaasi ka dhigaan ilaa lix kooxood ([[Xayawaan]], [[Dhir]], [[Fungi]], [[Brotista]], [[Arjaeya]], [[Bakteriya]]); halka wadanada ay ka mid yihiin [[Ingiriis]]ka, [[Hindiya]], [[Australia]], [[Latin Amerika]], meelo badan oo [[Afrika]] ah iyo wadano kale waxay aqoonsadeen kaliya shan koox oo ka tirsan boqortooyada, kuwaasi oo kala ah: Xayawaanka, Dhirta, Fungiga, Brotistaha iyo Bakteriyada.&lt;ref&gt;[http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163)] {{Wayback|url=http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf |date=20201019133625 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Qeybaha Boqortooyooyinka==

{{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Noole]]
|1={{clade
|1=Boqortooyo [[Dhir]]
|2=Boqortooyo [[Xayawaan]]
|3=Boqortooyo [[Brotist]]
|4=Boqortooyo [[Bakteriya]]
|5=Boqortooyo [[Fungi]]
}}
}}
}}

[[File:Timberwork2.JPG|thumb|left|Alwaaxa guryaha lagu dhiso.]]
Dhirta qaar ka mid ah, sida geedka [[dun]]ta (cotton tree) waxuu soo saara midhaha dunta, taas oo la [[warshad]]eeyo ka dib laga sameeyo noocyo badan oo [[dhar]] ah. 

Qoryaha iyo alwaaxyada laga soo guro dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa agab badan, kuwaas oo dadku isticmaalaan si nolosha u fududaato. Agabka laga sameeyo dhirta waxaa ka mid ah: [[Miis|miisaska]], [[kursi|kuraasida]], kabadhada, [[sariir]]aha, weelka wax lagu cuno iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan.

= Faa'iidooyin Kale =

= Abuuridda =
[[File:Latex_dripping.JPG|thumb|Geedka rabadhka laga sameeyo oo dareere rabadh ah laga guraayo.]]

=Sidoo kale eeg=
*[[Dhirta ubaxa]]
*[[Dhirta biyuhu]]

=Tixraac=
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geedaha]]
[[Category:Saynis]]
[[Category:Dhir]]
[[Category:Qeybaha Geedka]]
[[Category:Noole]]
[[Category:Juquraafi]]
[[Category:Kheyraadka Dabiiciga]]
[[Category:Dhul]]
[[Category:Aqoon]]
[[Category:Waxbarsho]]
[[Category:Keymo]]
[[Category:Bayoloji]]</text>
      <sha1>7aduy06z1foyo5wfd0817ouz75xr1c8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>302525</id>
      <parentid>302524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T22:50:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Videoiib7</username>
        <id>46243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shidaal */</comment>
      <origin>302525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12982" sha1="dobponxz7v5wdma87nfxuo46hxr4ekg" xml:space="preserve">{{selfref|Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan &quot;dhirta&quot;. Bogag kale fiiri [[Geed]]aha iyo [[beer]]aha.}}
{{taxobox
| image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| unranked_domain = [[Diaphoretickes]]&lt;br /&gt; 
[[Archaeplastida]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subdivision_ranks = Sidoo kale eeg
|subdivision = &lt;center&gt;[[Beer]] • [[Geed]]&lt;/center&gt;
}}
[[File:Ash_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590710.jpg|thumb|[[Geed]]ku waa taageere [[nolol|nolosha dhulka]] oo aad u muhiim ah.]]
'''Dhir''' ({{lang-en|plant}}; {{lang-ar|نبات}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Dhirta Cagaaran''' waa [[noole]] ka samaysan [[unug]]yo badan oo isku xidhan taasi oo dulsaaran oogada sare ee [[dhul]]ka. Dhirtu waa kalmada jamcisa dhamaan [[geed]]aha noocaydooda kala duwan ee laga helo [[caro|carada]] dusheeda, [[biyo|biyaha]] dhexdooda, [[buur]]aha iyo meelo badan oo kala duwan. 

Waxa jira noocyo badan oo dhirta ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. Guud ahaan dhirtu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay ka kooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee. Qeybaha rasmiga ah ee dhirtu waa dhirta ubaxa leh (flowering plant), caleen-yare (carnifers), feerno, Lycopodiopsida, jirid-yare, algiya, caleenley iyo shurub.
Dhirtu waxay ka mid tahay [[Noole]]ha.

Sidoo kale, dhirtu waxay leedahay unugyo-dahaadhan (cellwalls) kuwaasi oo u suurta geliya ineey sameeysato [[cunto]] ayadoo isticmaaleysa [[ileys]]ka [[qorax]]da, [[biyo]] iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsajiin]]. Dhirtu waxay manaafacaad iyo faa'iido badan u leedahay [[duni]]dan aan ku noolnahay; waxay suurto-gelisaa in hawada ka soo saart kaarboonka isla markaana ku sii deeyso [[hawo|hawada]] [[Ogsajiin]] oo ah mida teegeerta nolosha [[xayawaan]]ka iyo [[dad]]ka. Intaas waxaa dheer in dhirtu soo saarto [[midho]], [[caleen|caleemo]], [[jirid]] iyo [[xidid]]o kal duwan taasi oo ay quud iyo cunto ka dhigtaan dhamaan noolaha intiisa kale ee xayawaanka iyo dadku ka midka yihiin. 

Guud ahaan waxaa jira noocyo badan oo dhir ah; kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[beer]]aha, [[keyn|keymaha]], iyo dhuldaaqsiimeedka.
Maadaama juqraafiga dhulku kala duwan yahay, meelaha dhirtu ka baxdo aduunyada weey kala duwan tahay. Meelaha qaar waxaa ka baxa kumanaan nooc oo dhir ah, halka deegaanada qaar (sida [[saxare]]ha ama [[lamadegaan]]ka) ay ku yar tahay dhirtu. Maadaama noloshu ku tiirsan tahay dhirta waxaa waajib ah in la ilaaliyo jiritaanka, koritaanka iyo caafimaadka dhirta.

[[File:Photosynthesis.gif|thumb|left|Geedku wuxuu u baahan yahay [[ileys]], [[biyo]] iyo [[hawo]] si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]].]]

Dhirtu waa noolaha kali ah ee [[cunto|cuntadiisa]] diyaarsada ayagoo isticmaalaya nidaam loo yaqaano [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] (photosynthesis). 

Geeduhu waxay u baahan yihiin [[ileys]] (inta badan ileyska dabiiciga ah ee [[qorax]]da), [[biyo]] ay [[xidido|xididadu]] ka soo nuugaan dhulka iyo [[hawo]] - gaar ahaan [[Kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]] (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya Habka Samayska Cuntada. 

Inta u badan dhirta, habka samayska cuntada ee geedku wuxuu ka dhex dhacaa [[caleen|caleemaha]] iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta, halkaas oo [[biyo|biyaha]], awooda [[ileys]]ka iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]ku ku [[falgal]]aan. [[Isku dhis]]ka halkaas ka dhaca waxaa ka soo baxa [[Ogsajiin]] [[hawo]] ah oo caleemuhu [[cir]]ka ku sii daayaan. Taasi oo ah faa'iidada koowaad ee dhirtu u leedahay deegaanka dhulka. 
[[File:Simple_photosynthesis_overview.svg|thumb|Habka Samaynta Cuntada ee geedka. Dhirtu waa isha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku darta [[dhul]]ka.]]
Qaacidada [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] ee dhirtu waa sidan:

'''2n CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 2n DH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + Ileyska Qoraxda → 2(CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)n + 2n DO'''

Kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh + deeq elektaron + awooda iftiinka → Kaarbohaydarate + deeq elektaron ogsajiin

Habkan cunto samayska dhirtu wuxuu dhacaa [[wakhti]]ga [[maalin]]tii sababtoo ah [[ileys|iftiinka]] falaadhaha [[qorax]]da waa lagama maarmaan. Sidoo kale, habkani waxaa lagu sameeyn karaa nidaam loo yaqaano ''greenhouse'' oo iftiin fiican siin kara geedka. 
Habka samayska cuntada dhirta waa deeqaha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku dara [[hawo]]da. Markasta oo geedku cunto sameeysto Ogsajiin ayuu sii daayaa taasi oo [[dad]]ka iyo [[xayawaan]]ku [[neefsi|neefsadaan]].

= Beer =
[[File:PSM_V18_D630_Restoration_of_a_lepidodendron.jpg|thumb|left|Geedaha aan caleenta lahayn.]]
[[Beer]], ama Beero (wadar) waa nidaamka abuurida, korinta, xanaaneynta iyo soo saarida [[dhir]] laga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], [[daawo]], [[hooy]] iyo guud ahaan manafaac taageera nolosha [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]], [[xayawaan]]ka iyo inta ku tiirsan. Beeruhu waa aasaaska nolosha iyo jiritaanka nolosha, iyo barta ay ka soo uunkantey horumarka xadaarada aadamaha.
Waxa jira noocyo badan oo beero ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. [[Dhir]]tu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay kakooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee.

=Dhul beereedka=
Inkastoo dhirtu u qaybsanto mid la aadanuhu cuno iyo mid uu anfacsado iyo mid uusan waxba ku falin ayaa hadana waxaa jira dhul loogu talo galay beerashada, dhulkaas ayaa ka bedelan kan kale, waxaa ku badan macdanta iyo nafaqada dhiri ku bixi karto, dhuldaaqsimeedka waxaa lagu gartaa carrada madow ee dhoobeeyda ah, badanaa waxaa ka ag dhow [[biyo]] mareenno sida [[Webiyada|wabiyada]] iyo togaga, ama waa meel godan oo biyo fariistaan xiliyada [[Roob|roobka]], dhirta lagu beerto ayaa leh xili la gurto.

= [[Kimikal dibusocod|Keymo]] =
Keymuhu waa [[dhul]] baaxad balaadhan leh oo [[geed]]o badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah. 
Tiro badan oo dhir nooceeda, [[dherer]]keeda iyo qaradeedu kala duwan tahay ayaa noqonaysa Keyn. 

[[Qolof dhul|Oogada sare ee dhulka]] waxaa ku yaala keymo aad u badan kuwaas oo ku fadhiya 9.4% dhulka dunida. Si kale hadaan u dhigno keymuhu waxay qariyaan 30% [[dhul|dhulka qalalan]] ee dunida. 

Intaas uun kuma koobna ee waxaa jira keymo [[biyo|biyaha]] ku dhex yaala. Waxaa ka mid ah keynta kelp. 
[[File:Kelp_forest.jpg|thumb|Keymaha Kelp ee biyaha ka dhex baxa.]]
Keymaha [[duni]]da ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Tayga|Keynta Tayga]] ee ku fidsan [[labo|labo qaaradood]], taas oo ka soo bilaabanta [[Kanada]] kuna fidsan dhamaan wadanka [[Ruushka]], iyo [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. 
[[File:Redwoods_in_Muir_Woods_2.JPG|thumb|Keymaha alwaaxa ee dhaadheer.]]

= Isticmaalka Dhirta =
[[File:Buk1.JPG|thumb|left|Jirida geedaha waawayn waxaa laga sameeyaa alaabo badan oo dadku isticmaalaan.]]
Sida [[cilmi|cilmiga jiyoolojigu]] sheegay, [[Dhir]]ta dabiiciga ah waxay [[qolof dhul|oogada dhulka]] ku beeran tahay in ka badan [[milyan|370 milyan]] oo sano. 

Barashada cilmiga tirada, koritaanka, caafimaadka, isticmaalka iyo baaxada [[keyn|keymaha]] dhirta caalamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''Silvicultur''. 

Dhirta dadku beeraan si looga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], agabka dhismaha, qurux ahaan iyo waxyaabo kale waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Beer]] (plantation). 

Beeraha lagu beero [[khudaar]]ta iyo [[midho|midhaha]] waxaa lagu magacaabaa Beer-midho (orchard).

Dhul baaxad balaadhan leh oo geedo badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah, waxaa loo yaqanaanaa [[Keyn]] (forest). 

Sidoo kale, deegaanada fidsan ee [[buur]]uhu ku yar yihiin isla markaana leh [[cows]] badan iyo geedo talanteel ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[Dhuldaaqsiin]] (savanna).

Guud ahaan, dhir badan ayaa ku taala oogada dhulka. Meelaha qaar aad ayay ugu badan tahay oo keymo waawayn ayaa ku yaala - keymaha ugu weyn dunida waxaa ka mid ah [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]] iyo [[Tayga]] (Taiga) oo ku fidsan [[qaarad|labo qaaradood]] oo kala ah [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dhamaan noocyada geedku faa'iido badan ayuu u leeyahay [[noole|noolaha]] iyo [[dhul|deegaanka dhulka]].

Nolosha dadku si toosan ayay ugu xidhan tahay [[dhir]]ta, mar ahaan waa isha koowaad ee quudka (cunto), [[daawo]]oyinka, agabka guryaha, dharka iyo sheeyo badan oo aadamuhu isticmaalo. Marka labaad, ayadoo isticmaalaysa [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] dhirtu si joogto ah ayay [[hawo|hawada]] ugu dartaa [[neef]]ta [[Ogsajiin]]ta, midaas oo noole badan [[neefsi|neefsado]].

Waxa intaas dheer in dhirtu difaac u tahay [[caro|carada]] ayadoo ka ilaalisa nabaad-guurka. 

== Cuntada ==
[[File:Maple_syrup_taps.jpg|thumb|Geedka [[Sonkor]]ta.]]
Geeduhu waa isha ugu horeeysa ee soo saarta noocyo badan oo [[cunto|cuntada]] dadku quutaan maalin kasta. 
[[Khudaar]]ta sida [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]], [[besbaas]]k, [[toon]]ta, [[saladh]]ka, [[barandho|barandhada]] iyo kuwo kale oo badan; iyo [[midho|midhaha]] sida [[muus]]ka, [[liin]]ta, [[tufaax]]a, [[cambe|cambaha]], [[saytuun]]ka, [[timir]]ta iyo in badan oo kale waxay ka mid yihiin dhirta loo beero ganacsi ahaan ee caalamka oo dhan laga cuno. 

Intaas waxaa dheer, dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa sheeyo badan oo cuntada lagu darsado, waxa ka mid ah [[sonkor]]ta, daqiiqda ama burka, [[saliid]]a, [[shaah]]a, [[koofi]]ga iyo in badan oo kale. 
Intaas waxaa dheer, noocyo badan oo geedaha ka mid ah waxay [[ur|udug]] iyo caraf u sameeyaan cuntada, tusaale ahaan, heylka, qorfaha iyo carfiyayaasha kale.

Dhinaca kale, in badan oo dhirta ah waxay leeyihiin [[ubax]] leh dheecaan macaan (nectar) kaas oo [[xasharaad]]ka soo jiita. [[Shini]]du waxay ururisaa dheecaankaas macaan ka dibna ka sameeysaa [[malab]]ka oo ah wax dadku cunaan. 
Sidoo kale, [[caleen]]ta iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta waxaa quuta [[xoolo|xoolaha]] dadku dhaqdaan kuwaas oo cunto iyo cabitaanba siiya aadamaha.

== [[Shidaal]] ==
{{Main|Maqaal kale ku saabsan ee Shidaal}}

Shidaalku wuxuu ka samaysmay markii tiro badan oo noole dhintay ah - u badan [[dhir]] iyo algea - ku aasmeen [[dhagax|dhagaxa sedimentary]] hoostiisa, halkaas oo [[cadaadis]] iyo [[kul]] badan ku helay [[milyan|malaayiin]] [[sanad|sano]] ka hor. 
 
Marka la derso deegaanka iyo qaabdhismeedkiisa jiyooloji, ayaa shidaalka la qodaa, ka dib saliida qaydhiin la warshadeeyaa ayadoo [[kul]] badan la isticmaalayo. Waxaana soo baxa shidaalka ''gasoline'' (betrol), kerosene, [[Naafto]], Gaaska faysnuska lagu shido, [[gaamur]] ilaa laga gaadho asphalt iyo kimikooyink kale oo laga sameeyo [[bac]]aha iyo sheyo kale.

== Agab ==

=Asalka=
[[File:Selling_fuelwood.jpeg|thumb|280px|[[Xaabo|xaabadu]] waa [[shidaal]] laga helo [[kul]].]]
'''Boqortooyo (biyoloji)''' (magaca [[Saynis]] '''''regnum''''', wadar ahaan '''''regna''''') waa heerka labaad ee loo kala saaro noocyada [[noole|noolaha]]. Boqortooyadani waxaa loo sii kala jebiyaa kooxo yar-yar oo Saynis ahaan loo yaqaano ''Fyla'' (Phyla). In kastoo kala qeybinta kooxaha boqortooyada ee biyoloji lagu kala duwan yahay, wadanka [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Kanada]] waxay qeybahaasi ka dhigaan ilaa lix kooxood ([[Xayawaan]], [[Dhir]], [[Fungi]], [[Brotista]], [[Arjaeya]], [[Bakteriya]]); halka wadanada ay ka mid yihiin [[Ingiriis]]ka, [[Hindiya]], [[Australia]], [[Latin Amerika]], meelo badan oo [[Afrika]] ah iyo wadano kale waxay aqoonsadeen kaliya shan koox oo ka tirsan boqortooyada, kuwaasi oo kala ah: Xayawaanka, Dhirta, Fungiga, Brotistaha iyo Bakteriyada.&lt;ref&gt;[http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163)] {{Wayback|url=http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf |date=20201019133625 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Qeybaha Boqortooyooyinka==

{{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Noole]]
|1={{clade
|1=Boqortooyo [[Dhir]]
|2=Boqortooyo [[Xayawaan]]
|3=Boqortooyo [[Brotist]]
|4=Boqortooyo [[Bakteriya]]
|5=Boqortooyo [[Fungi]]
}}
}}
}}

[[File:Timberwork2.JPG|thumb|left|Alwaaxa guryaha lagu dhiso.]]
Dhirta qaar ka mid ah, sida geedka [[dun]]ta (cotton tree) waxuu soo saara midhaha dunta, taas oo la [[warshad]]eeyo ka dib laga sameeyo noocyo badan oo [[dhar]] ah. 

Qoryaha iyo alwaaxyada laga soo guro dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa agab badan, kuwaas oo dadku isticmaalaan si nolosha u fududaato. Agabka laga sameeyo dhirta waxaa ka mid ah: [[Miis|miisaska]], [[kursi|kuraasida]], kabadhada, [[sariir]]aha, weelka wax lagu cuno iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan.

= Faa'iidooyin Kale =

= Abuuridda =
[[File:Latex_dripping.JPG|thumb|Geedka rabadhka laga sameeyo oo dareere rabadh ah laga guraayo.]]

=Sidoo kale eeg=
*[[Dhirta ubaxa]]
*[[Dhirta biyuhu]]

=Tixraac=
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geedaha]]
[[Category:Saynis]]
[[Category:Dhir]]
[[Category:Qeybaha Geedka]]
[[Category:Noole]]
[[Category:Juquraafi]]
[[Category:Kheyraadka Dabiiciga]]
[[Category:Dhul]]
[[Category:Aqoon]]
[[Category:Waxbarsho]]
[[Category:Keymo]]
[[Category:Bayoloji]]</text>
      <sha1>dobponxz7v5wdma87nfxuo46hxr4ekg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>302526</id>
      <parentid>302525</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T22:51:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Videoiib7</username>
        <id>46243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Shidaal */</comment>
      <origin>302526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13010" sha1="qofpnr95ixtyi5rowmpfkl9ggktwqqf" xml:space="preserve">{{selfref|Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan &quot;dhirta&quot;. Bogag kale fiiri [[Geed]]aha iyo [[beer]]aha.}}
{{taxobox
| image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| unranked_domain = [[Diaphoretickes]]&lt;br /&gt; 
[[Archaeplastida]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subdivision_ranks = Sidoo kale eeg
|subdivision = &lt;center&gt;[[Beer]] • [[Geed]]&lt;/center&gt;
}}
[[File:Ash_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590710.jpg|thumb|[[Geed]]ku waa taageere [[nolol|nolosha dhulka]] oo aad u muhiim ah.]]
'''Dhir''' ({{lang-en|plant}}; {{lang-ar|نبات}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Dhirta Cagaaran''' waa [[noole]] ka samaysan [[unug]]yo badan oo isku xidhan taasi oo dulsaaran oogada sare ee [[dhul]]ka. Dhirtu waa kalmada jamcisa dhamaan [[geed]]aha noocaydooda kala duwan ee laga helo [[caro|carada]] dusheeda, [[biyo|biyaha]] dhexdooda, [[buur]]aha iyo meelo badan oo kala duwan. 

Waxa jira noocyo badan oo dhirta ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. Guud ahaan dhirtu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay ka kooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee. Qeybaha rasmiga ah ee dhirtu waa dhirta ubaxa leh (flowering plant), caleen-yare (carnifers), feerno, Lycopodiopsida, jirid-yare, algiya, caleenley iyo shurub.
Dhirtu waxay ka mid tahay [[Noole]]ha.

Sidoo kale, dhirtu waxay leedahay unugyo-dahaadhan (cellwalls) kuwaasi oo u suurta geliya ineey sameeysato [[cunto]] ayadoo isticmaaleysa [[ileys]]ka [[qorax]]da, [[biyo]] iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsajiin]]. Dhirtu waxay manaafacaad iyo faa'iido badan u leedahay [[duni]]dan aan ku noolnahay; waxay suurto-gelisaa in hawada ka soo saart kaarboonka isla markaana ku sii deeyso [[hawo|hawada]] [[Ogsajiin]] oo ah mida teegeerta nolosha [[xayawaan]]ka iyo [[dad]]ka. Intaas waxaa dheer in dhirtu soo saarto [[midho]], [[caleen|caleemo]], [[jirid]] iyo [[xidid]]o kal duwan taasi oo ay quud iyo cunto ka dhigtaan dhamaan noolaha intiisa kale ee xayawaanka iyo dadku ka midka yihiin. 

Guud ahaan waxaa jira noocyo badan oo dhir ah; kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[beer]]aha, [[keyn|keymaha]], iyo dhuldaaqsiimeedka.
Maadaama juqraafiga dhulku kala duwan yahay, meelaha dhirtu ka baxdo aduunyada weey kala duwan tahay. Meelaha qaar waxaa ka baxa kumanaan nooc oo dhir ah, halka deegaanada qaar (sida [[saxare]]ha ama [[lamadegaan]]ka) ay ku yar tahay dhirtu. Maadaama noloshu ku tiirsan tahay dhirta waxaa waajib ah in la ilaaliyo jiritaanka, koritaanka iyo caafimaadka dhirta.

[[File:Photosynthesis.gif|thumb|left|Geedku wuxuu u baahan yahay [[ileys]], [[biyo]] iyo [[hawo]] si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]].]]

Dhirtu waa noolaha kali ah ee [[cunto|cuntadiisa]] diyaarsada ayagoo isticmaalaya nidaam loo yaqaano [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] (photosynthesis). 

Geeduhu waxay u baahan yihiin [[ileys]] (inta badan ileyska dabiiciga ah ee [[qorax]]da), [[biyo]] ay [[xidido|xididadu]] ka soo nuugaan dhulka iyo [[hawo]] - gaar ahaan [[Kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]] (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya Habka Samayska Cuntada. 

Inta u badan dhirta, habka samayska cuntada ee geedku wuxuu ka dhex dhacaa [[caleen|caleemaha]] iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta, halkaas oo [[biyo|biyaha]], awooda [[ileys]]ka iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]ku ku [[falgal]]aan. [[Isku dhis]]ka halkaas ka dhaca waxaa ka soo baxa [[Ogsajiin]] [[hawo]] ah oo caleemuhu [[cir]]ka ku sii daayaan. Taasi oo ah faa'iidada koowaad ee dhirtu u leedahay deegaanka dhulka. 
[[File:Simple_photosynthesis_overview.svg|thumb|Habka Samaynta Cuntada ee geedka. Dhirtu waa isha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku darta [[dhul]]ka.]]
Qaacidada [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] ee dhirtu waa sidan:

'''2n CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 2n DH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + Ileyska Qoraxda → 2(CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)n + 2n DO'''

Kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh + deeq elektaron + awooda iftiinka → Kaarbohaydarate + deeq elektaron ogsajiin

Habkan cunto samayska dhirtu wuxuu dhacaa [[wakhti]]ga [[maalin]]tii sababtoo ah [[ileys|iftiinka]] falaadhaha [[qorax]]da waa lagama maarmaan. Sidoo kale, habkani waxaa lagu sameeyn karaa nidaam loo yaqaano ''greenhouse'' oo iftiin fiican siin kara geedka. 
Habka samayska cuntada dhirta waa deeqaha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku dara [[hawo]]da. Markasta oo geedku cunto sameeysto Ogsajiin ayuu sii daayaa taasi oo [[dad]]ka iyo [[xayawaan]]ku [[neefsi|neefsadaan]].

= Beer =
[[File:PSM_V18_D630_Restoration_of_a_lepidodendron.jpg|thumb|left|Geedaha aan caleenta lahayn.]]
[[Beer]], ama Beero (wadar) waa nidaamka abuurida, korinta, xanaaneynta iyo soo saarida [[dhir]] laga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], [[daawo]], [[hooy]] iyo guud ahaan manafaac taageera nolosha [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]], [[xayawaan]]ka iyo inta ku tiirsan. Beeruhu waa aasaaska nolosha iyo jiritaanka nolosha, iyo barta ay ka soo uunkantey horumarka xadaarada aadamaha.
Waxa jira noocyo badan oo beero ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. [[Dhir]]tu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay kakooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee.

=Dhul beereedka=
Inkastoo dhirtu u qaybsanto mid la aadanuhu cuno iyo mid uu anfacsado iyo mid uusan waxba ku falin ayaa hadana waxaa jira dhul loogu talo galay beerashada, dhulkaas ayaa ka bedelan kan kale, waxaa ku badan macdanta iyo nafaqada dhiri ku bixi karto, dhuldaaqsimeedka waxaa lagu gartaa carrada madow ee dhoobeeyda ah, badanaa waxaa ka ag dhow [[biyo]] mareenno sida [[Webiyada|wabiyada]] iyo togaga, ama waa meel godan oo biyo fariistaan xiliyada [[Roob|roobka]], dhirta lagu beerto ayaa leh xili la gurto.

= [[Kimikal dibusocod|Keymo]] =
Keymuhu waa [[dhul]] baaxad balaadhan leh oo [[geed]]o badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah. 
Tiro badan oo dhir nooceeda, [[dherer]]keeda iyo qaradeedu kala duwan tahay ayaa noqonaysa Keyn. 

[[Qolof dhul|Oogada sare ee dhulka]] waxaa ku yaala keymo aad u badan kuwaas oo ku fadhiya 9.4% dhulka dunida. Si kale hadaan u dhigno keymuhu waxay qariyaan 30% [[dhul|dhulka qalalan]] ee dunida. 

Intaas uun kuma koobna ee waxaa jira keymo [[biyo|biyaha]] ku dhex yaala. Waxaa ka mid ah keynta kelp. 
[[File:Kelp_forest.jpg|thumb|Keymaha Kelp ee biyaha ka dhex baxa.]]
Keymaha [[duni]]da ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Tayga|Keynta Tayga]] ee ku fidsan [[labo|labo qaaradood]], taas oo ka soo bilaabanta [[Kanada]] kuna fidsan dhamaan wadanka [[Ruushka]], iyo [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. 
[[File:Redwoods_in_Muir_Woods_2.JPG|thumb|Keymaha alwaaxa ee dhaadheer.]]

= Isticmaalka Dhirta =
[[File:Buk1.JPG|thumb|left|Jirida geedaha waawayn waxaa laga sameeyaa alaabo badan oo dadku isticmaalaan.]]
Sida [[cilmi|cilmiga jiyoolojigu]] sheegay, [[Dhir]]ta dabiiciga ah waxay [[qolof dhul|oogada dhulka]] ku beeran tahay in ka badan [[milyan|370 milyan]] oo sano. 

Barashada cilmiga tirada, koritaanka, caafimaadka, isticmaalka iyo baaxada [[keyn|keymaha]] dhirta caalamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''Silvicultur''. 

Dhirta dadku beeraan si looga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], agabka dhismaha, qurux ahaan iyo waxyaabo kale waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Beer]] (plantation). 

Beeraha lagu beero [[khudaar]]ta iyo [[midho|midhaha]] waxaa lagu magacaabaa Beer-midho (orchard).

Dhul baaxad balaadhan leh oo geedo badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah, waxaa loo yaqanaanaa [[Keyn]] (forest). 

Sidoo kale, deegaanada fidsan ee [[buur]]uhu ku yar yihiin isla markaana leh [[cows]] badan iyo geedo talanteel ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[Dhuldaaqsiin]] (savanna).

Guud ahaan, dhir badan ayaa ku taala oogada dhulka. Meelaha qaar aad ayay ugu badan tahay oo keymo waawayn ayaa ku yaala - keymaha ugu weyn dunida waxaa ka mid ah [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]] iyo [[Tayga]] (Taiga) oo ku fidsan [[qaarad|labo qaaradood]] oo kala ah [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dhamaan noocyada geedku faa'iido badan ayuu u leeyahay [[noole|noolaha]] iyo [[dhul|deegaanka dhulka]].

Nolosha dadku si toosan ayay ugu xidhan tahay [[dhir]]ta, mar ahaan waa isha koowaad ee quudka (cunto), [[daawo]]oyinka, agabka guryaha, dharka iyo sheeyo badan oo aadamuhu isticmaalo. Marka labaad, ayadoo isticmaalaysa [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] dhirtu si joogto ah ayay [[hawo|hawada]] ugu dartaa [[neef]]ta [[Ogsajiin]]ta, midaas oo noole badan [[neefsi|neefsado]].

Waxa intaas dheer in dhirtu difaac u tahay [[caro|carada]] ayadoo ka ilaalisa nabaad-guurka. 

== Cuntada ==
[[File:Maple_syrup_taps.jpg|thumb|Geedka [[Sonkor]]ta.]]
Geeduhu waa isha ugu horeeysa ee soo saarta noocyo badan oo [[cunto|cuntada]] dadku quutaan maalin kasta. 
[[Khudaar]]ta sida [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]], [[besbaas]]k, [[toon]]ta, [[saladh]]ka, [[barandho|barandhada]] iyo kuwo kale oo badan; iyo [[midho|midhaha]] sida [[muus]]ka, [[liin]]ta, [[tufaax]]a, [[cambe|cambaha]], [[saytuun]]ka, [[timir]]ta iyo in badan oo kale waxay ka mid yihiin dhirta loo beero ganacsi ahaan ee caalamka oo dhan laga cuno. 

Intaas waxaa dheer, dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa sheeyo badan oo cuntada lagu darsado, waxa ka mid ah [[sonkor]]ta, daqiiqda ama burka, [[saliid]]a, [[shaah]]a, [[koofi]]ga iyo in badan oo kale. 
Intaas waxaa dheer, noocyo badan oo geedaha ka mid ah waxay [[ur|udug]] iyo caraf u sameeyaan cuntada, tusaale ahaan, heylka, qorfaha iyo carfiyayaasha kale.

Dhinaca kale, in badan oo dhirta ah waxay leeyihiin [[ubax]] leh dheecaan macaan (nectar) kaas oo [[xasharaad]]ka soo jiita. [[Shini]]du waxay ururisaa dheecaankaas macaan ka dibna ka sameeysaa [[malab]]ka oo ah wax dadku cunaan. 
Sidoo kale, [[caleen]]ta iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta waxaa quuta [[xoolo|xoolaha]] dadku dhaqdaan kuwaas oo cunto iyo cabitaanba siiya aadamaha.

== [[Shidaal]] ==
{{Main|Maqaal kale ku saabsan ee Shidaal (Fadlan Halkan Kor ku riix)}}

Shidaalku wuxuu ka samaysmay markii tiro badan oo noole dhintay ah - u badan [[dhir]] iyo algea - ku aasmeen [[dhagax|dhagaxa sedimentary]] hoostiisa, halkaas oo [[cadaadis]] iyo [[kul]] badan ku helay [[milyan|malaayiin]] [[sanad|sano]] ka hor. 
 
Marka la derso deegaanka iyo qaabdhismeedkiisa jiyooloji, ayaa shidaalka la qodaa, ka dib saliida qaydhiin la warshadeeyaa ayadoo [[kul]] badan la isticmaalayo. Waxaana soo baxa shidaalka ''gasoline'' (betrol), kerosene, [[Naafto]], Gaaska faysnuska lagu shido, [[gaamur]] ilaa laga gaadho asphalt iyo kimikooyink kale oo laga sameeyo [[bac]]aha iyo sheyo kale.

== Agab ==

=Asalka=
[[File:Selling_fuelwood.jpeg|thumb|280px|[[Xaabo|xaabadu]] waa [[shidaal]] laga helo [[kul]].]]
'''Boqortooyo (biyoloji)''' (magaca [[Saynis]] '''''regnum''''', wadar ahaan '''''regna''''') waa heerka labaad ee loo kala saaro noocyada [[noole|noolaha]]. Boqortooyadani waxaa loo sii kala jebiyaa kooxo yar-yar oo Saynis ahaan loo yaqaano ''Fyla'' (Phyla). In kastoo kala qeybinta kooxaha boqortooyada ee biyoloji lagu kala duwan yahay, wadanka [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Kanada]] waxay qeybahaasi ka dhigaan ilaa lix kooxood ([[Xayawaan]], [[Dhir]], [[Fungi]], [[Brotista]], [[Arjaeya]], [[Bakteriya]]); halka wadanada ay ka mid yihiin [[Ingiriis]]ka, [[Hindiya]], [[Australia]], [[Latin Amerika]], meelo badan oo [[Afrika]] ah iyo wadano kale waxay aqoonsadeen kaliya shan koox oo ka tirsan boqortooyada, kuwaasi oo kala ah: Xayawaanka, Dhirta, Fungiga, Brotistaha iyo Bakteriyada.&lt;ref&gt;[http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163)] {{Wayback|url=http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf |date=20201019133625 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Qeybaha Boqortooyooyinka==

{{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Noole]]
|1={{clade
|1=Boqortooyo [[Dhir]]
|2=Boqortooyo [[Xayawaan]]
|3=Boqortooyo [[Brotist]]
|4=Boqortooyo [[Bakteriya]]
|5=Boqortooyo [[Fungi]]
}}
}}
}}

[[File:Timberwork2.JPG|thumb|left|Alwaaxa guryaha lagu dhiso.]]
Dhirta qaar ka mid ah, sida geedka [[dun]]ta (cotton tree) waxuu soo saara midhaha dunta, taas oo la [[warshad]]eeyo ka dib laga sameeyo noocyo badan oo [[dhar]] ah. 

Qoryaha iyo alwaaxyada laga soo guro dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa agab badan, kuwaas oo dadku isticmaalaan si nolosha u fududaato. Agabka laga sameeyo dhirta waxaa ka mid ah: [[Miis|miisaska]], [[kursi|kuraasida]], kabadhada, [[sariir]]aha, weelka wax lagu cuno iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan.

= Faa'iidooyin Kale =

= Abuuridda =
[[File:Latex_dripping.JPG|thumb|Geedka rabadhka laga sameeyo oo dareere rabadh ah laga guraayo.]]

=Sidoo kale eeg=
*[[Dhirta ubaxa]]
*[[Dhirta biyuhu]]

=Tixraac=
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geedaha]]
[[Category:Saynis]]
[[Category:Dhir]]
[[Category:Qeybaha Geedka]]
[[Category:Noole]]
[[Category:Juquraafi]]
[[Category:Kheyraadka Dabiiciga]]
[[Category:Dhul]]
[[Category:Aqoon]]
[[Category:Waxbarsho]]
[[Category:Keymo]]
[[Category:Bayoloji]]</text>
      <sha1>qofpnr95ixtyi5rowmpfkl9ggktwqqf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>302527</id>
      <parentid>302526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T22:59:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Videoiib7</username>
        <id>46243</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Faa'iidooyin Kale */</comment>
      <origin>302527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14755" sha1="8msa7c5khwvevn5k757ote7nh0ve6wp" xml:space="preserve">{{selfref|Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan &quot;dhirta&quot;. Bogag kale fiiri [[Geed]]aha iyo [[beer]]aha.}}
{{taxobox
| image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| unranked_domain = [[Diaphoretickes]]&lt;br /&gt; 
[[Archaeplastida]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subdivision_ranks = Sidoo kale eeg
|subdivision = &lt;center&gt;[[Beer]] • [[Geed]]&lt;/center&gt;
}}
[[File:Ash_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590710.jpg|thumb|[[Geed]]ku waa taageere [[nolol|nolosha dhulka]] oo aad u muhiim ah.]]
'''Dhir''' ({{lang-en|plant}}; {{lang-ar|نبات}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Dhirta Cagaaran''' waa [[noole]] ka samaysan [[unug]]yo badan oo isku xidhan taasi oo dulsaaran oogada sare ee [[dhul]]ka. Dhirtu waa kalmada jamcisa dhamaan [[geed]]aha noocaydooda kala duwan ee laga helo [[caro|carada]] dusheeda, [[biyo|biyaha]] dhexdooda, [[buur]]aha iyo meelo badan oo kala duwan. 

Waxa jira noocyo badan oo dhirta ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. Guud ahaan dhirtu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay ka kooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee. Qeybaha rasmiga ah ee dhirtu waa dhirta ubaxa leh (flowering plant), caleen-yare (carnifers), feerno, Lycopodiopsida, jirid-yare, algiya, caleenley iyo shurub.
Dhirtu waxay ka mid tahay [[Noole]]ha.

Sidoo kale, dhirtu waxay leedahay unugyo-dahaadhan (cellwalls) kuwaasi oo u suurta geliya ineey sameeysato [[cunto]] ayadoo isticmaaleysa [[ileys]]ka [[qorax]]da, [[biyo]] iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsajiin]]. Dhirtu waxay manaafacaad iyo faa'iido badan u leedahay [[duni]]dan aan ku noolnahay; waxay suurto-gelisaa in hawada ka soo saart kaarboonka isla markaana ku sii deeyso [[hawo|hawada]] [[Ogsajiin]] oo ah mida teegeerta nolosha [[xayawaan]]ka iyo [[dad]]ka. Intaas waxaa dheer in dhirtu soo saarto [[midho]], [[caleen|caleemo]], [[jirid]] iyo [[xidid]]o kal duwan taasi oo ay quud iyo cunto ka dhigtaan dhamaan noolaha intiisa kale ee xayawaanka iyo dadku ka midka yihiin. 

Guud ahaan waxaa jira noocyo badan oo dhir ah; kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[beer]]aha, [[keyn|keymaha]], iyo dhuldaaqsiimeedka.
Maadaama juqraafiga dhulku kala duwan yahay, meelaha dhirtu ka baxdo aduunyada weey kala duwan tahay. Meelaha qaar waxaa ka baxa kumanaan nooc oo dhir ah, halka deegaanada qaar (sida [[saxare]]ha ama [[lamadegaan]]ka) ay ku yar tahay dhirtu. Maadaama noloshu ku tiirsan tahay dhirta waxaa waajib ah in la ilaaliyo jiritaanka, koritaanka iyo caafimaadka dhirta.

[[File:Photosynthesis.gif|thumb|left|Geedku wuxuu u baahan yahay [[ileys]], [[biyo]] iyo [[hawo]] si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]].]]

Dhirtu waa noolaha kali ah ee [[cunto|cuntadiisa]] diyaarsada ayagoo isticmaalaya nidaam loo yaqaano [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] (photosynthesis). 

Geeduhu waxay u baahan yihiin [[ileys]] (inta badan ileyska dabiiciga ah ee [[qorax]]da), [[biyo]] ay [[xidido|xididadu]] ka soo nuugaan dhulka iyo [[hawo]] - gaar ahaan [[Kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]] (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya Habka Samayska Cuntada. 

Inta u badan dhirta, habka samayska cuntada ee geedku wuxuu ka dhex dhacaa [[caleen|caleemaha]] iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta, halkaas oo [[biyo|biyaha]], awooda [[ileys]]ka iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]ku ku [[falgal]]aan. [[Isku dhis]]ka halkaas ka dhaca waxaa ka soo baxa [[Ogsajiin]] [[hawo]] ah oo caleemuhu [[cir]]ka ku sii daayaan. Taasi oo ah faa'iidada koowaad ee dhirtu u leedahay deegaanka dhulka. 
[[File:Simple_photosynthesis_overview.svg|thumb|Habka Samaynta Cuntada ee geedka. Dhirtu waa isha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku darta [[dhul]]ka.]]
Qaacidada [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] ee dhirtu waa sidan:

'''2n CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 2n DH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + Ileyska Qoraxda → 2(CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)n + 2n DO'''

Kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh + deeq elektaron + awooda iftiinka → Kaarbohaydarate + deeq elektaron ogsajiin

Habkan cunto samayska dhirtu wuxuu dhacaa [[wakhti]]ga [[maalin]]tii sababtoo ah [[ileys|iftiinka]] falaadhaha [[qorax]]da waa lagama maarmaan. Sidoo kale, habkani waxaa lagu sameeyn karaa nidaam loo yaqaano ''greenhouse'' oo iftiin fiican siin kara geedka. 
Habka samayska cuntada dhirta waa deeqaha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku dara [[hawo]]da. Markasta oo geedku cunto sameeysto Ogsajiin ayuu sii daayaa taasi oo [[dad]]ka iyo [[xayawaan]]ku [[neefsi|neefsadaan]].

= Beer =
[[File:PSM_V18_D630_Restoration_of_a_lepidodendron.jpg|thumb|left|Geedaha aan caleenta lahayn.]]
[[Beer]], ama Beero (wadar) waa nidaamka abuurida, korinta, xanaaneynta iyo soo saarida [[dhir]] laga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], [[daawo]], [[hooy]] iyo guud ahaan manafaac taageera nolosha [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]], [[xayawaan]]ka iyo inta ku tiirsan. Beeruhu waa aasaaska nolosha iyo jiritaanka nolosha, iyo barta ay ka soo uunkantey horumarka xadaarada aadamaha.
Waxa jira noocyo badan oo beero ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. [[Dhir]]tu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay kakooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee.

=Dhul beereedka=
Inkastoo dhirtu u qaybsanto mid la aadanuhu cuno iyo mid uu anfacsado iyo mid uusan waxba ku falin ayaa hadana waxaa jira dhul loogu talo galay beerashada, dhulkaas ayaa ka bedelan kan kale, waxaa ku badan macdanta iyo nafaqada dhiri ku bixi karto, dhuldaaqsimeedka waxaa lagu gartaa carrada madow ee dhoobeeyda ah, badanaa waxaa ka ag dhow [[biyo]] mareenno sida [[Webiyada|wabiyada]] iyo togaga, ama waa meel godan oo biyo fariistaan xiliyada [[Roob|roobka]], dhirta lagu beerto ayaa leh xili la gurto.

= [[Kimikal dibusocod|Keymo]] =
Keymuhu waa [[dhul]] baaxad balaadhan leh oo [[geed]]o badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah. 
Tiro badan oo dhir nooceeda, [[dherer]]keeda iyo qaradeedu kala duwan tahay ayaa noqonaysa Keyn. 

[[Qolof dhul|Oogada sare ee dhulka]] waxaa ku yaala keymo aad u badan kuwaas oo ku fadhiya 9.4% dhulka dunida. Si kale hadaan u dhigno keymuhu waxay qariyaan 30% [[dhul|dhulka qalalan]] ee dunida. 

Intaas uun kuma koobna ee waxaa jira keymo [[biyo|biyaha]] ku dhex yaala. Waxaa ka mid ah keynta kelp. 
[[File:Kelp_forest.jpg|thumb|Keymaha Kelp ee biyaha ka dhex baxa.]]
Keymaha [[duni]]da ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Tayga|Keynta Tayga]] ee ku fidsan [[labo|labo qaaradood]], taas oo ka soo bilaabanta [[Kanada]] kuna fidsan dhamaan wadanka [[Ruushka]], iyo [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. 
[[File:Redwoods_in_Muir_Woods_2.JPG|thumb|Keymaha alwaaxa ee dhaadheer.]]

= Isticmaalka Dhirta =
[[File:Buk1.JPG|thumb|left|Jirida geedaha waawayn waxaa laga sameeyaa alaabo badan oo dadku isticmaalaan.]]
Sida [[cilmi|cilmiga jiyoolojigu]] sheegay, [[Dhir]]ta dabiiciga ah waxay [[qolof dhul|oogada dhulka]] ku beeran tahay in ka badan [[milyan|370 milyan]] oo sano. 

Barashada cilmiga tirada, koritaanka, caafimaadka, isticmaalka iyo baaxada [[keyn|keymaha]] dhirta caalamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''Silvicultur''. 

Dhirta dadku beeraan si looga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], agabka dhismaha, qurux ahaan iyo waxyaabo kale waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Beer]] (plantation). 

Beeraha lagu beero [[khudaar]]ta iyo [[midho|midhaha]] waxaa lagu magacaabaa Beer-midho (orchard).

Dhul baaxad balaadhan leh oo geedo badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah, waxaa loo yaqanaanaa [[Keyn]] (forest). 

Sidoo kale, deegaanada fidsan ee [[buur]]uhu ku yar yihiin isla markaana leh [[cows]] badan iyo geedo talanteel ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[Dhuldaaqsiin]] (savanna).

Guud ahaan, dhir badan ayaa ku taala oogada dhulka. Meelaha qaar aad ayay ugu badan tahay oo keymo waawayn ayaa ku yaala - keymaha ugu weyn dunida waxaa ka mid ah [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]] iyo [[Tayga]] (Taiga) oo ku fidsan [[qaarad|labo qaaradood]] oo kala ah [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dhamaan noocyada geedku faa'iido badan ayuu u leeyahay [[noole|noolaha]] iyo [[dhul|deegaanka dhulka]].

Nolosha dadku si toosan ayay ugu xidhan tahay [[dhir]]ta, mar ahaan waa isha koowaad ee quudka (cunto), [[daawo]]oyinka, agabka guryaha, dharka iyo sheeyo badan oo aadamuhu isticmaalo. Marka labaad, ayadoo isticmaalaysa [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] dhirtu si joogto ah ayay [[hawo|hawada]] ugu dartaa [[neef]]ta [[Ogsajiin]]ta, midaas oo noole badan [[neefsi|neefsado]].

Waxa intaas dheer in dhirtu difaac u tahay [[caro|carada]] ayadoo ka ilaalisa nabaad-guurka. 

== Cuntada ==
[[File:Maple_syrup_taps.jpg|thumb|Geedka [[Sonkor]]ta.]]
Geeduhu waa isha ugu horeeysa ee soo saarta noocyo badan oo [[cunto|cuntada]] dadku quutaan maalin kasta. 
[[Khudaar]]ta sida [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]], [[besbaas]]k, [[toon]]ta, [[saladh]]ka, [[barandho|barandhada]] iyo kuwo kale oo badan; iyo [[midho|midhaha]] sida [[muus]]ka, [[liin]]ta, [[tufaax]]a, [[cambe|cambaha]], [[saytuun]]ka, [[timir]]ta iyo in badan oo kale waxay ka mid yihiin dhirta loo beero ganacsi ahaan ee caalamka oo dhan laga cuno. 

Intaas waxaa dheer, dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa sheeyo badan oo cuntada lagu darsado, waxa ka mid ah [[sonkor]]ta, daqiiqda ama burka, [[saliid]]a, [[shaah]]a, [[koofi]]ga iyo in badan oo kale. 
Intaas waxaa dheer, noocyo badan oo geedaha ka mid ah waxay [[ur|udug]] iyo caraf u sameeyaan cuntada, tusaale ahaan, heylka, qorfaha iyo carfiyayaasha kale.

Dhinaca kale, in badan oo dhirta ah waxay leeyihiin [[ubax]] leh dheecaan macaan (nectar) kaas oo [[xasharaad]]ka soo jiita. [[Shini]]du waxay ururisaa dheecaankaas macaan ka dibna ka sameeysaa [[malab]]ka oo ah wax dadku cunaan. 
Sidoo kale, [[caleen]]ta iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta waxaa quuta [[xoolo|xoolaha]] dadku dhaqdaan kuwaas oo cunto iyo cabitaanba siiya aadamaha.

== [[Shidaal]] ==
{{Main|Maqaal kale ku saabsan ee Shidaal (Fadlan Halkan Kor ku riix)}}

Shidaalku wuxuu ka samaysmay markii tiro badan oo noole dhintay ah - u badan [[dhir]] iyo algea - ku aasmeen [[dhagax|dhagaxa sedimentary]] hoostiisa, halkaas oo [[cadaadis]] iyo [[kul]] badan ku helay [[milyan|malaayiin]] [[sanad|sano]] ka hor. 
 
Marka la derso deegaanka iyo qaabdhismeedkiisa jiyooloji, ayaa shidaalka la qodaa, ka dib saliida qaydhiin la warshadeeyaa ayadoo [[kul]] badan la isticmaalayo. Waxaana soo baxa shidaalka ''gasoline'' (betrol), kerosene, [[Naafto]], Gaaska faysnuska lagu shido, [[gaamur]] ilaa laga gaadho asphalt iyo kimikooyink kale oo laga sameeyo [[bac]]aha iyo sheyo kale.

== Agab ==

=Asalka=
[[File:Selling_fuelwood.jpeg|thumb|280px|[[Xaabo|xaabadu]] waa [[shidaal]] laga helo [[kul]].]]
'''Boqortooyo (biyoloji)''' (magaca [[Saynis]] '''''regnum''''', wadar ahaan '''''regna''''') waa heerka labaad ee loo kala saaro noocyada [[noole|noolaha]]. Boqortooyadani waxaa loo sii kala jebiyaa kooxo yar-yar oo Saynis ahaan loo yaqaano ''Fyla'' (Phyla). In kastoo kala qeybinta kooxaha boqortooyada ee biyoloji lagu kala duwan yahay, wadanka [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Kanada]] waxay qeybahaasi ka dhigaan ilaa lix kooxood ([[Xayawaan]], [[Dhir]], [[Fungi]], [[Brotista]], [[Arjaeya]], [[Bakteriya]]); halka wadanada ay ka mid yihiin [[Ingiriis]]ka, [[Hindiya]], [[Australia]], [[Latin Amerika]], meelo badan oo [[Afrika]] ah iyo wadano kale waxay aqoonsadeen kaliya shan koox oo ka tirsan boqortooyada, kuwaasi oo kala ah: Xayawaanka, Dhirta, Fungiga, Brotistaha iyo Bakteriyada.&lt;ref&gt;[http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163)] {{Wayback|url=http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf |date=20201019133625 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Qeybaha Boqortooyooyinka==

{{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Noole]]
|1={{clade
|1=Boqortooyo [[Dhir]]
|2=Boqortooyo [[Xayawaan]]
|3=Boqortooyo [[Brotist]]
|4=Boqortooyo [[Bakteriya]]
|5=Boqortooyo [[Fungi]]
}}
}}
}}

[[File:Timberwork2.JPG|thumb|left|Alwaaxa guryaha lagu dhiso.]]
Dhirta qaar ka mid ah, sida geedka [[dun]]ta (cotton tree) waxuu soo saara midhaha dunta, taas oo la [[warshad]]eeyo ka dib laga sameeyo noocyo badan oo [[dhar]] ah. 

Qoryaha iyo alwaaxyada laga soo guro dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa agab badan, kuwaas oo dadku isticmaalaan si nolosha u fududaato. Agabka laga sameeyo dhirta waxaa ka mid ah: [[Miis|miisaska]], [[kursi|kuraasida]], kabadhada, [[sariir]]aha, weelka wax lagu cuno iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan.

==Faa'iidooyin Kale==
[[File:Green_Plant_2.jpg|thumb]]

[[Dhirta]] waxay bixisaa faa'iidooyin badan. Waa cunto loogu talagalay aadanaha iyo xayawaanka labadaba, oo ka kooban karbohaydraytyo, fiitamiinno, macdanno, [[dufan]], faybar, iyo asiidhyo. Dhirta qaar ayaa sidoo kale ka kooban borotiin. Waxay siiyaan nolol beeraleyda waana isha koowaad ee daawooyinka, cadarka, iyo alaabada warshadaha iyo farsamada gacanta ee kala duwan. Qoryaha, warqadda, midabyada, saliidaha, iyo dharka ayaa sidoo kale laga soo saaraa.


Intaa Waxaa dheer, dhirtu guud ahaan waa isha la cusboonaysiin karo ee [[Ogsajiin|ogsijiinta]] [[Dhulka]], iyagoo beddelaya oo hagaajinaya kaarboon laba ogsaydh oo sii deynaya oksijiinta aan neefsanno. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo la adeegsanayo geedahooda iyo daboolkooda cagaaran, dhirtu waxay ka ilaalisaa dhulka saxaraha iyo nabaad-guurka ciidda, joogitaankooduna waa mid muhiim u ah badbaadada noocyo badan oo [[xayawaan]] ah.


Dhanka kale, dhirtu waxay ahaayeen, oo ay ku sii jiraan meelo badan oo adduunka ah, mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu muhiimsan ee agabka dhismaha. Jidhkooda iyo alwaaxdooda waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhiso guryo iyo [[Makiinad]]|maraakiib]]. Waxay sidoo kale yihiin isha tamarta iyada oo loo marayo gubista qoryaha dabka si loogu shido shidaalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha dabiiciga ah ee ugu muhiimsan Ee [[Saliid]], [[gaaska]], iyo dhuxusha laga sameeyay malaayiin sano ka hor, kuwaas oo hadda loo isticmaalo ilo tamar iyo alaabooyin warshadeed oo kala duwan.


Dhammaan Noocyada [[dhirta]], geedaha, iyo geedaha waxay leeyihiin sifooyin u gaar ah, ha ahaadaan kuwo [[nafaqo]] leh, kuwo daawo leh, ama marka la eego isticmaalka warshadaha ee mirayaashooda, ubaxyadooda, iniinahooda, ama [[qaybo kale]].

= Abuuridda =
[[File:Latex_dripping.JPG|thumb|Geedka rabadhka laga sameeyo oo dareere rabadh ah laga guraayo.]]

=Sidoo kale eeg=
*[[Dhirta ubaxa]]
*[[Dhirta biyuhu]]

=Tixraac=
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geedaha]]
[[Category:Saynis]]
[[Category:Dhir]]
[[Category:Qeybaha Geedka]]
[[Category:Noole]]
[[Category:Juquraafi]]
[[Category:Kheyraadka Dabiiciga]]
[[Category:Dhul]]
[[Category:Aqoon]]
[[Category:Waxbarsho]]
[[Category:Keymo]]
[[Category:Bayoloji]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>302528</id>
      <parentid>302527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T23:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Videoiib7</username>
        <id>46243</id>
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      <comment>/* Tixraac */</comment>
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      <text bytes="14778" sha1="3m1w40qb803xxzu71d88y84cxu3u3et" xml:space="preserve">{{selfref|Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan &quot;dhirta&quot;. Bogag kale fiiri [[Geed]]aha iyo [[beer]]aha.}}
{{taxobox
| image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| unranked_domain = [[Diaphoretickes]]&lt;br /&gt; 
[[Archaeplastida]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subdivision_ranks = Sidoo kale eeg
|subdivision = &lt;center&gt;[[Beer]] • [[Geed]]&lt;/center&gt;
}}
[[File:Ash_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590710.jpg|thumb|[[Geed]]ku waa taageere [[nolol|nolosha dhulka]] oo aad u muhiim ah.]]
'''Dhir''' ({{lang-en|plant}}; {{lang-ar|نبات}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Dhirta Cagaaran''' waa [[noole]] ka samaysan [[unug]]yo badan oo isku xidhan taasi oo dulsaaran oogada sare ee [[dhul]]ka. Dhirtu waa kalmada jamcisa dhamaan [[geed]]aha noocaydooda kala duwan ee laga helo [[caro|carada]] dusheeda, [[biyo|biyaha]] dhexdooda, [[buur]]aha iyo meelo badan oo kala duwan. 

Waxa jira noocyo badan oo dhirta ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. Guud ahaan dhirtu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay ka kooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee. Qeybaha rasmiga ah ee dhirtu waa dhirta ubaxa leh (flowering plant), caleen-yare (carnifers), feerno, Lycopodiopsida, jirid-yare, algiya, caleenley iyo shurub.
Dhirtu waxay ka mid tahay [[Noole]]ha.

Sidoo kale, dhirtu waxay leedahay unugyo-dahaadhan (cellwalls) kuwaasi oo u suurta geliya ineey sameeysato [[cunto]] ayadoo isticmaaleysa [[ileys]]ka [[qorax]]da, [[biyo]] iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsajiin]]. Dhirtu waxay manaafacaad iyo faa'iido badan u leedahay [[duni]]dan aan ku noolnahay; waxay suurto-gelisaa in hawada ka soo saart kaarboonka isla markaana ku sii deeyso [[hawo|hawada]] [[Ogsajiin]] oo ah mida teegeerta nolosha [[xayawaan]]ka iyo [[dad]]ka. Intaas waxaa dheer in dhirtu soo saarto [[midho]], [[caleen|caleemo]], [[jirid]] iyo [[xidid]]o kal duwan taasi oo ay quud iyo cunto ka dhigtaan dhamaan noolaha intiisa kale ee xayawaanka iyo dadku ka midka yihiin. 

Guud ahaan waxaa jira noocyo badan oo dhir ah; kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[beer]]aha, [[keyn|keymaha]], iyo dhuldaaqsiimeedka.
Maadaama juqraafiga dhulku kala duwan yahay, meelaha dhirtu ka baxdo aduunyada weey kala duwan tahay. Meelaha qaar waxaa ka baxa kumanaan nooc oo dhir ah, halka deegaanada qaar (sida [[saxare]]ha ama [[lamadegaan]]ka) ay ku yar tahay dhirtu. Maadaama noloshu ku tiirsan tahay dhirta waxaa waajib ah in la ilaaliyo jiritaanka, koritaanka iyo caafimaadka dhirta.

[[File:Photosynthesis.gif|thumb|left|Geedku wuxuu u baahan yahay [[ileys]], [[biyo]] iyo [[hawo]] si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]].]]

Dhirtu waa noolaha kali ah ee [[cunto|cuntadiisa]] diyaarsada ayagoo isticmaalaya nidaam loo yaqaano [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] (photosynthesis). 

Geeduhu waxay u baahan yihiin [[ileys]] (inta badan ileyska dabiiciga ah ee [[qorax]]da), [[biyo]] ay [[xidido|xididadu]] ka soo nuugaan dhulka iyo [[hawo]] - gaar ahaan [[Kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]] (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) si uu u samaysto cunto asagoo isticmaalaya Habka Samayska Cuntada. 

Inta u badan dhirta, habka samayska cuntada ee geedku wuxuu ka dhex dhacaa [[caleen|caleemaha]] iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta, halkaas oo [[biyo|biyaha]], awooda [[ileys]]ka iyo [[kaarboon|kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]ku ku [[falgal]]aan. [[Isku dhis]]ka halkaas ka dhaca waxaa ka soo baxa [[Ogsajiin]] [[hawo]] ah oo caleemuhu [[cir]]ka ku sii daayaan. Taasi oo ah faa'iidada koowaad ee dhirtu u leedahay deegaanka dhulka. 
[[File:Simple_photosynthesis_overview.svg|thumb|Habka Samaynta Cuntada ee geedka. Dhirtu waa isha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku darta [[dhul]]ka.]]
Qaacidada [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] ee dhirtu waa sidan:

'''2n CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + 2n DH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; + Ileyska Qoraxda → 2(CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)n + 2n DO'''

Kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh + deeq elektaron + awooda iftiinka → Kaarbohaydarate + deeq elektaron ogsajiin

Habkan cunto samayska dhirtu wuxuu dhacaa [[wakhti]]ga [[maalin]]tii sababtoo ah [[ileys|iftiinka]] falaadhaha [[qorax]]da waa lagama maarmaan. Sidoo kale, habkani waxaa lagu sameeyn karaa nidaam loo yaqaano ''greenhouse'' oo iftiin fiican siin kara geedka. 
Habka samayska cuntada dhirta waa deeqaha koowaad ee [[Ogsajiin]]ta ku dara [[hawo]]da. Markasta oo geedku cunto sameeysto Ogsajiin ayuu sii daayaa taasi oo [[dad]]ka iyo [[xayawaan]]ku [[neefsi|neefsadaan]].

= Beer =
[[File:PSM_V18_D630_Restoration_of_a_lepidodendron.jpg|thumb|left|Geedaha aan caleenta lahayn.]]
[[Beer]], ama Beero (wadar) waa nidaamka abuurida, korinta, xanaaneynta iyo soo saarida [[dhir]] laga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], [[daawo]], [[hooy]] iyo guud ahaan manafaac taageera nolosha [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]], [[xayawaan]]ka iyo inta ku tiirsan. Beeruhu waa aasaaska nolosha iyo jiritaanka nolosha, iyo barta ay ka soo uunkantey horumarka xadaarada aadamaha.
Waxa jira noocyo badan oo beero ah kuwaasi oo lagu qiyaaso in ay ka kooban yihiin ilaa 375,000 oo nooc. [[Dhir]]tu waxa ay ka kooban tahay qaar iniinyo leh (Seed plants) iyo qaar aan lahayn. Waxa kale oo ay kakooban tahay qaar qodax leh iyo qayb aan qodax lahayn haba yaraatee.

=Dhul beereedka=
Inkastoo dhirtu u qaybsanto mid la aadanuhu cuno iyo mid uu anfacsado iyo mid uusan waxba ku falin ayaa hadana waxaa jira dhul loogu talo galay beerashada, dhulkaas ayaa ka bedelan kan kale, waxaa ku badan macdanta iyo nafaqada dhiri ku bixi karto, dhuldaaqsimeedka waxaa lagu gartaa carrada madow ee dhoobeeyda ah, badanaa waxaa ka ag dhow [[biyo]] mareenno sida [[Webiyada|wabiyada]] iyo togaga, ama waa meel godan oo biyo fariistaan xiliyada [[Roob|roobka]], dhirta lagu beerto ayaa leh xili la gurto.

= [[Kimikal dibusocod|Keymo]] =
Keymuhu waa [[dhul]] baaxad balaadhan leh oo [[geed]]o badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah. 
Tiro badan oo dhir nooceeda, [[dherer]]keeda iyo qaradeedu kala duwan tahay ayaa noqonaysa Keyn. 

[[Qolof dhul|Oogada sare ee dhulka]] waxaa ku yaala keymo aad u badan kuwaas oo ku fadhiya 9.4% dhulka dunida. Si kale hadaan u dhigno keymuhu waxay qariyaan 30% [[dhul|dhulka qalalan]] ee dunida. 

Intaas uun kuma koobna ee waxaa jira keymo [[biyo|biyaha]] ku dhex yaala. Waxaa ka mid ah keynta kelp. 
[[File:Kelp_forest.jpg|thumb|Keymaha Kelp ee biyaha ka dhex baxa.]]
Keymaha [[duni]]da ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Tayga|Keynta Tayga]] ee ku fidsan [[labo|labo qaaradood]], taas oo ka soo bilaabanta [[Kanada]] kuna fidsan dhamaan wadanka [[Ruushka]], iyo [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. 
[[File:Redwoods_in_Muir_Woods_2.JPG|thumb|Keymaha alwaaxa ee dhaadheer.]]

= Isticmaalka Dhirta =
[[File:Buk1.JPG|thumb|left|Jirida geedaha waawayn waxaa laga sameeyaa alaabo badan oo dadku isticmaalaan.]]
Sida [[cilmi|cilmiga jiyoolojigu]] sheegay, [[Dhir]]ta dabiiciga ah waxay [[qolof dhul|oogada dhulka]] ku beeran tahay in ka badan [[milyan|370 milyan]] oo sano. 

Barashada cilmiga tirada, koritaanka, caafimaadka, isticmaalka iyo baaxada [[keyn|keymaha]] dhirta caalamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''Silvicultur''. 

Dhirta dadku beeraan si looga sameeyo [[cunto]], [[dhar]], agabka dhismaha, qurux ahaan iyo waxyaabo kale waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Beer]] (plantation). 

Beeraha lagu beero [[khudaar]]ta iyo [[midho|midhaha]] waxaa lagu magacaabaa Beer-midho (orchard).

Dhul baaxad balaadhan leh oo geedo badan iyo [[cows]] badan leh, kuwaas oo dabiici ama dad-beer ah, waxaa loo yaqanaanaa [[Keyn]] (forest). 

Sidoo kale, deegaanada fidsan ee [[buur]]uhu ku yar yihiin isla markaana leh [[cows]] badan iyo geedo talanteel ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[Dhuldaaqsiin]] (savanna).

Guud ahaan, dhir badan ayaa ku taala oogada dhulka. Meelaha qaar aad ayay ugu badan tahay oo keymo waawayn ayaa ku yaala - keymaha ugu weyn dunida waxaa ka mid ah [[Rainforest]] oo ku taala wadanka Brasil ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]] iyo [[Tayga]] (Taiga) oo ku fidsan [[qaarad|labo qaaradood]] oo kala ah [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dhamaan noocyada geedku faa'iido badan ayuu u leeyahay [[noole|noolaha]] iyo [[dhul|deegaanka dhulka]].

Nolosha dadku si toosan ayay ugu xidhan tahay [[dhir]]ta, mar ahaan waa isha koowaad ee quudka (cunto), [[daawo]]oyinka, agabka guryaha, dharka iyo sheeyo badan oo aadamuhu isticmaalo. Marka labaad, ayadoo isticmaalaysa [[Habka Samayska Cuntada]] dhirtu si joogto ah ayay [[hawo|hawada]] ugu dartaa [[neef]]ta [[Ogsajiin]]ta, midaas oo noole badan [[neefsi|neefsado]].

Waxa intaas dheer in dhirtu difaac u tahay [[caro|carada]] ayadoo ka ilaalisa nabaad-guurka. 

== Cuntada ==
[[File:Maple_syrup_taps.jpg|thumb|Geedka [[Sonkor]]ta.]]
Geeduhu waa isha ugu horeeysa ee soo saarta noocyo badan oo [[cunto|cuntada]] dadku quutaan maalin kasta. 
[[Khudaar]]ta sida [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]], [[besbaas]]k, [[toon]]ta, [[saladh]]ka, [[barandho|barandhada]] iyo kuwo kale oo badan; iyo [[midho|midhaha]] sida [[muus]]ka, [[liin]]ta, [[tufaax]]a, [[cambe|cambaha]], [[saytuun]]ka, [[timir]]ta iyo in badan oo kale waxay ka mid yihiin dhirta loo beero ganacsi ahaan ee caalamka oo dhan laga cuno. 

Intaas waxaa dheer, dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa sheeyo badan oo cuntada lagu darsado, waxa ka mid ah [[sonkor]]ta, daqiiqda ama burka, [[saliid]]a, [[shaah]]a, [[koofi]]ga iyo in badan oo kale. 
Intaas waxaa dheer, noocyo badan oo geedaha ka mid ah waxay [[ur|udug]] iyo caraf u sameeyaan cuntada, tusaale ahaan, heylka, qorfaha iyo carfiyayaasha kale.

Dhinaca kale, in badan oo dhirta ah waxay leeyihiin [[ubax]] leh dheecaan macaan (nectar) kaas oo [[xasharaad]]ka soo jiita. [[Shini]]du waxay ururisaa dheecaankaas macaan ka dibna ka sameeysaa [[malab]]ka oo ah wax dadku cunaan. 
Sidoo kale, [[caleen]]ta iyo [[laan|laamaha]] dhirta waxaa quuta [[xoolo|xoolaha]] dadku dhaqdaan kuwaas oo cunto iyo cabitaanba siiya aadamaha.

== [[Shidaal]] ==
{{Main|Maqaal kale ku saabsan ee Shidaal (Fadlan Halkan Kor ku riix)}}

Shidaalku wuxuu ka samaysmay markii tiro badan oo noole dhintay ah - u badan [[dhir]] iyo algea - ku aasmeen [[dhagax|dhagaxa sedimentary]] hoostiisa, halkaas oo [[cadaadis]] iyo [[kul]] badan ku helay [[milyan|malaayiin]] [[sanad|sano]] ka hor. 
 
Marka la derso deegaanka iyo qaabdhismeedkiisa jiyooloji, ayaa shidaalka la qodaa, ka dib saliida qaydhiin la warshadeeyaa ayadoo [[kul]] badan la isticmaalayo. Waxaana soo baxa shidaalka ''gasoline'' (betrol), kerosene, [[Naafto]], Gaaska faysnuska lagu shido, [[gaamur]] ilaa laga gaadho asphalt iyo kimikooyink kale oo laga sameeyo [[bac]]aha iyo sheyo kale.

== Agab ==

=Asalka=
[[File:Selling_fuelwood.jpeg|thumb|280px|[[Xaabo|xaabadu]] waa [[shidaal]] laga helo [[kul]].]]
'''Boqortooyo (biyoloji)''' (magaca [[Saynis]] '''''regnum''''', wadar ahaan '''''regna''''') waa heerka labaad ee loo kala saaro noocyada [[noole|noolaha]]. Boqortooyadani waxaa loo sii kala jebiyaa kooxo yar-yar oo Saynis ahaan loo yaqaano ''Fyla'' (Phyla). In kastoo kala qeybinta kooxaha boqortooyada ee biyoloji lagu kala duwan yahay, wadanka [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Kanada]] waxay qeybahaasi ka dhigaan ilaa lix kooxood ([[Xayawaan]], [[Dhir]], [[Fungi]], [[Brotista]], [[Arjaeya]], [[Bakteriya]]); halka wadanada ay ka mid yihiin [[Ingiriis]]ka, [[Hindiya]], [[Australia]], [[Latin Amerika]], meelo badan oo [[Afrika]] ah iyo wadano kale waxay aqoonsadeen kaliya shan koox oo ka tirsan boqortooyada, kuwaasi oo kala ah: Xayawaanka, Dhirta, Fungiga, Brotistaha iyo Bakteriyada.&lt;ref&gt;[http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163)] {{Wayback|url=http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf |date=20201019133625 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Qeybaha Boqortooyooyinka==

{{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Noole]]
|1={{clade
|1=Boqortooyo [[Dhir]]
|2=Boqortooyo [[Xayawaan]]
|3=Boqortooyo [[Brotist]]
|4=Boqortooyo [[Bakteriya]]
|5=Boqortooyo [[Fungi]]
}}
}}
}}

[[File:Timberwork2.JPG|thumb|left|Alwaaxa guryaha lagu dhiso.]]
Dhirta qaar ka mid ah, sida geedka [[dun]]ta (cotton tree) waxuu soo saara midhaha dunta, taas oo la [[warshad]]eeyo ka dib laga sameeyo noocyo badan oo [[dhar]] ah. 

Qoryaha iyo alwaaxyada laga soo guro dhirta waxaa laga sameeyaa agab badan, kuwaas oo dadku isticmaalaan si nolosha u fududaato. Agabka laga sameeyo dhirta waxaa ka mid ah: [[Miis|miisaska]], [[kursi|kuraasida]], kabadhada, [[sariir]]aha, weelka wax lagu cuno iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan.

==Faa'iidooyin Kale==
[[File:Green_Plant_2.jpg|thumb]]

[[Dhirta]] waxay bixisaa faa'iidooyin badan. Waa cunto loogu talagalay aadanaha iyo xayawaanka labadaba, oo ka kooban karbohaydraytyo, fiitamiinno, macdanno, [[dufan]], faybar, iyo asiidhyo. Dhirta qaar ayaa sidoo kale ka kooban borotiin. Waxay siiyaan nolol beeraleyda waana isha koowaad ee daawooyinka, cadarka, iyo alaabada warshadaha iyo farsamada gacanta ee kala duwan. Qoryaha, warqadda, midabyada, saliidaha, iyo dharka ayaa sidoo kale laga soo saaraa.


Intaa Waxaa dheer, dhirtu guud ahaan waa isha la cusboonaysiin karo ee [[Ogsajiin|ogsijiinta]] [[Dhulka]], iyagoo beddelaya oo hagaajinaya kaarboon laba ogsaydh oo sii deynaya oksijiinta aan neefsanno. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo la adeegsanayo geedahooda iyo daboolkooda cagaaran, dhirtu waxay ka ilaalisaa dhulka saxaraha iyo nabaad-guurka ciidda, joogitaankooduna waa mid muhiim u ah badbaadada noocyo badan oo [[xayawaan]] ah.


Dhanka kale, dhirtu waxay ahaayeen, oo ay ku sii jiraan meelo badan oo adduunka ah, mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu muhiimsan ee agabka dhismaha. Jidhkooda iyo alwaaxdooda waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhiso guryo iyo [[Makiinad]]|maraakiib]]. Waxay sidoo kale yihiin isha tamarta iyada oo loo marayo gubista qoryaha dabka si loogu shido shidaalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha dabiiciga ah ee ugu muhiimsan Ee [[Saliid]], [[gaaska]], iyo dhuxusha laga sameeyay malaayiin sano ka hor, kuwaas oo hadda loo isticmaalo ilo tamar iyo alaabooyin warshadeed oo kala duwan.


Dhammaan Noocyada [[dhirta]], geedaha, iyo geedaha waxay leeyihiin sifooyin u gaar ah, ha ahaadaan kuwo [[nafaqo]] leh, kuwo daawo leh, ama marka la eego isticmaalka warshadaha ee mirayaashooda, ubaxyadooda, iniinahooda, ama [[qaybo kale]].

= Abuuridda =
[[File:Latex_dripping.JPG|thumb|Geedka rabadhka laga sameeyo oo dareere rabadh ah laga guraayo.]]

=Sidoo kale eeg=
*[[Dhirta ubaxa]]
*[[Dhirta biyuhu]]

=Tixraac=
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geedaha]]
[[Category:Saynis]]
[[Category:Dhir]]
[[Category:Qeybaha Geedka]]
[[Category:Noole]]
[[Category:Juquraafi]]
[[Category:Kheyraadka Dabiiciga]]
[[Category:Dhul]]
[[Category:Aqoon]]
[[Category:Waxbarsho]]
[[Category:Keymo]]
[[Category:Bayoloji]]
[[Category: Fiisigis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Liiska Hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="10292" sha1="chvm3kd4ymkhu10odq40053jsvlepke" xml:space="preserve">'''Wakiilada Khaaska''' ({{lang-en|''Specialized agencies''}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''[[hayad khaas|Hay'ad Khaas]]''' waa ururo wakiil iskeed isku maamusha kuwaasi oo hoostaga [[Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo midba kooxda ay ku xidhan tahay ee dhaqaale iyo saamiyad la wadaagto iyo shaqo intaba. Inta ugu badan hayadaha u adeega Qaramada Midoobay waxay si toos ah ama dadban u hoostegaa xafiiska [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay]] halkaasi oo ay warbixin siiyaan ama ka warqaataan Xoghayaha Guud ee Waaxda Iskuxidhka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The United Nations System|url=http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart_en.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wakiilada khaaska ah waxay iskugu jiraan kuwo ay abuurtey Qaramada Midoobay iyo kuwo ururo kale sameeyeen laakiin waxay dhamaan ku shaqeeyaan nidaamka Qaramada Midoobay kaasi oo saldhig u yahay [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]].
Wakhti xaadirkan (2015) guud ahaan waxay Qaramada Midoobay leedahay 15 haayadood&lt;ref&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://legal.un.org/repertory/art17/english/rep_supp10_vol2_art17_3_e_advance.pdf|title=REPERTORY OF PRACTICE OF UNITED NATIONS ORGANSSUPPLEMENT No. 10 (2000-2009) - ARTICLE 17(3)|accessdate=2013-09-18|publisher=[[United Nations]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Eckart Klein: ''United Nations, Specialized Agencies'', para.9. In: [http://www.mpepil.com Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law].&lt;/ref&gt; khaas ah kuwaasi oo qabta shaqooyin kala duwan ayagoo matalata Qaramada Midoobay. 

Hadaba 15ka wakiil khaaska ahi waa kuwan:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml UN structure and organization, Specialized Agencies]&lt;/ref&gt;

=Ururka Cuntada iyo Dalaga (FAO)=

'''Ururka Cuntada iyo Dalaga Qaramada Midoobay''' ({{lang-en|''Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''FAO'''); {{lang-ar|منظمة الأغذية والزراعة}}) waa wakiil khaaska ah [[Qaramada Midoobay]] kaasi oo hogaamiya dadaalka ka hortaga iyo cidhibtirka [[gaajo|gaajada aduunka]]. Hayadani waxay si siman ugu adeegtaa wadanada horumaray iyo kuwa soo koraya, waxayna ka shaqeeysaa in si cadaalad ah umaduhu u qeeybsadaan kheyraadka isla markaana galaan heshiisyo loo dhan yahay. Intaas waxaa dheer, hayada Cuntada iyo Dalaga (beeraha) waxay wadano badan oo caalamka ah ka caawisaa (xag aqoon iyo talobixin) horumarinta [[beer]]aha, [[keyn|keymaha]] iyo kheyraadma [[kaluun|kaluumaysiga]] si markaa shacabku u helaan [[cunto]]oyin [[nafaqo]] leh isla markaana amaan ah. 

=ICAO=
[[File:Flag_of_ICAO.svg| thumb|ICAO]]

'''Ururka Adeega Duulista Caalamiga''' ({{lang-en|''International Civil Aviation Organization''}}) waa [[hayad khaas]] u qaabishan [[Qaramada Midoobay]] Gaadiidka Diyaaradaha Rayidka ah. Astaanta ururkan waa ''I C A O'' oo laga soo gaabiyay magaca.
Waxaa la sameeyey 4 Abril, [[1947]] waxaa xarunta uguwayn kutaalaa wadanka [[Kanada]], shaqadeeduna waxa ay tahay habaynta iyo iskudubaridka howlaha duulimaadyada si looga nabadgalo dhibaato ka dhacda howlaha duulimaadyada.

=Liiska Dhamaan Hayadaha=
==Wakiilada QM iyo Ururo La Xidhiidha==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;
! Tiro
! Astaan
! Magaca
! Loo soo gaabiyo
! Xarun sare
! La Aasaasay
! Wadanada Xubnaha
! Maabka iyo Tixraac
|-
| -
| [[File:Emblem of the United Nations.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] || QM, UN || Maraykanka, New York || 1945
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:United Nations membership of Sovereign States.png|100px]] [http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml]
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;10&quot; align=center|Wakiilada Khaaska
|-
| 1
| [[File:FAO logo.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Cuntada iyo Dalaga]] || FAO, UCD || Talyaaniga, Roma || 1945
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:FAO members and observers.png|100px]] [http://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/membernations_reg_en.asp] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/membernations_reg_en.asp |date=20110308165510 }}
|-
| 2
| [[File:Flag of ICAO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Adeega Duulista Caalamiga]] || ICAO || Kanada, Montreal || 1947
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
|| [[File:ICAO.png|100px]] [http://www.icao.int/icao/en/members.htm]
|-
| 3
|  || [[Kharashka Horumarinta Beeraha Caalamka]] || IFAD || Talyaaniga, Rome || 1977
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:IFAD.png|100px]] [http://www.ifad.org/governance/ifad/ms.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ifad.org/governance/ifad/ms.htm |date=20130803225339 }}
|-
| 4
| [[File:Flag of ILO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Aduunka]] || ILO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1919 
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:International Labour Organization.png|100px]] [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/country.htm]
|-
| 5
| [[File:Flag of the International Maritime Organization.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Badaha Aduunka]] || IMO, UBA || UK, London || 1959
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:IMO Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.imo.org/about/mainframe.asp?topic_id=315] {{Wayback|url=http://www.imo.org/about/mainframe.asp?topic_id=315 |date=20100706013451 }}
|-
| 6
|  || [[Ururka Sicirka Lacagta Caalamka]]|| IMF || Maraykanka, Washington, D.C. || 1945
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
|| [[File:International Monetary Fund.png|100px]] [http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.htm]
|-
| 7
|  || [[Midowga Isgaarsiinta Caalamiga]] || ITU || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1865 
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] 
| [[File:Member states of the International Telecommunication Union.png|100px]] [http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.list?_search=ITUstates&amp;_languageid=1] {{Wayback|url=http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.list?_search=ITUstates&amp;_languageid=1 |date=20001206161000 }}
|-
| 8
| [[File:Flag of UNESCO.svg|50px]] || [[UNESCO|Ururka Waxbarashada, Sayniska iyo Dhaqanka]] || UNESCO || Faransiiska, Baaris || 1946 
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:UNESCO member states.png|100px]] [http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=en] {{Wayback|url=http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=en |date=20120722105404 }}
|-
| 9
||| [[Machadka Cilmibaadhista Cadaada iyo Dabagalka Dambiyada]] || UNIDO || Usteeriya, Fiyenna || 1985
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:UNIDO.png|100px]] [http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=o3359]
|-
| 10
| [[File:Flag of UPU.svg|50px]] || [[Midoowga Adeega Boostada Caalamka]] || UPU || Switzerland, Bern || 1874
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:Universal Postal Union membership.png|100px]] [http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html |date=20190321182115 }}
|-
| 11
| [[File:World Bank logo.svg|50px]] || [[Bankiga Aduunka]] || WBG || USA, Washington, D.C. || 1945
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:World Bank Group.png|100px]] [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0,,contentMDK:20122871~menuPK:64020025~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036~isCURL:Y,00.html] {{Wayback|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0,,contentMDK:20122871~menuPK:64020025~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036~isCURL:Y,00.html |date=20121009131218 }}
|-
| 12
| [[File:Flag of WHO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] || WHO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1948
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:World Health Organization membership status map.png|100px]] [http://www.who.int/countries/en/]
|-
| 13
| &lt;!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --&gt; || [[Ururka Goaanka Mulkiyada Aduunka]] || WIPO || Switzerland, Geneva || 1967
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) members world map.png|100px]] [http://www.wipo.int/members/en/]
|-
| 14
| [[File:Flag of the World Meteorological Organization.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Saadaasha Hawada Aduunka]] || WMO || Switzerland, Geneva || 1950
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:World Meteorological Organization (WMO) members - states and territories.png|100px]] [http://www.wmo.int/pages/members/membership/index_en.html]
|-
| 15
| &lt;!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --&gt; || [[Ururka Dalxiiska Dunida]] || UNWTO || Isbayn, Madrid || 1974
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] 
| [[File:UNWTO.png|100px]] [http://www.unwto.org/states/index.php] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unwto.org/states/index.php |date=20070715221037 }}
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot;
|colspan=&quot;10&quot; align=center|Ururo Kale La Xidhiidha
|-
| 16
|  || Ururka Diyaarinta Mamnuucida Tijaabinta Nukliyeerka || CTBTO Prep Com || Usteriya, Vienna || 1996
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:CTBT Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/]
|-
| 17
| [[File:Flag of IAEA.svg|50px]] || [[Wakaalada Awooda Atomik Aduunka]] || IAEA || Austria, Vienna || 1957
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:IAEA member states.svg|100px]] [http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/MemberStates/]
|-
| 18
|  || [[Ururka Mamnuucida Hubka Kimiko]] || OPCW || Holland, Heeg || 1997
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:CWC Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/]
|-
| 19
|  &lt;!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --&gt;  || [[Ururka Ganacsiga Aduunka]] || WTO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1995
|
* [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]]
| [[File:WTO members and observers.svg|100px]] [http://www.wto.int/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wto.int/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm |date=20120105135547 }}
|}

=Qoraalo La Xidhiidha=
*[[Qaramada Midoobay]]
*[[Bankiga Aduunka]]
*[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]]
*[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]]
*[[UNESCO]]
*[[UNICEF]]
*[[ICAO]]
*[[WHO]]
*[[WFP]]
{{QM}}

=Linkiyo La Xidhiidha=
* [http://www.un.org UN official site]
* [http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/pdfs/un_system_chart_colour_sm.pdf Flow chart of the UN system]

=Tixraac=
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]][[Category:Siyaasad]]
[[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]]
[[Category:Wadan]]
[[Category:Dhul]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ciidanka Booliska Somaliland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-16T02:50:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>28368</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="10720" sha1="nhc0ef1n913bswqm3ksq6q43t284fft" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ciidanka nabadsugida
|agencyname        = Somaliland Police Force
|chief1position    = General
|stationtype       =
|uniformedas       = 
|provideragency    = 
|officename        = 
|officetype        = 
|unitname          = Special Protection Unit (SPU&lt;br&gt;Rapid Response Unit (RRU)&lt;br&gt;Somaliland Road Safety Force (SRSF)
|chief1name        = [[Mohamed Adan Saqadhi]]
|airbases          = 
|minister1pfo      = [[Ministry of Interior (Somaliland)|Ministry of Interior]]
|minister1name     = [[Mohamed Kahin Ahmed]]
|electeetype       = 
|unsworn           = 
|unsworntype       = 
|sworn             = 
|sworntype         = 
|stations          = 
|lockuptype        = 
|hqloctop          = 
|person1name       = 
|award1            = 
|anniversary1      = 
|activitytype      = 
|activity1name     = 
|programme1        = 
|person1type       = 
|person1reason     =
|animals1          =
|lockups           =
|animal1type       =
|aircraft1         =
|aircraft1type     =
|boats1            =
|boat1type         =
|vehicles1         =
|vehicle1type      =
|hqlocmappoptitle  =
|hqlocleft         =
|nativename        = Ciidanka Booliska Somaliland&lt;br&gt;قوة شرطة أرض الصومال
|badge             =
|preceding1        = Somaliland Camel Corps (Early 20th century - disbanded in 1944)
|formedmonthday    =
|formedyear        = {{Start date and age|1993}}
|mottotranslated   = ({{lang-en|Protect and Serve}})
|motto             = Kahortag iyo U adeegid
|badgecaption      =
|logocaption       = Astaanta Ciidanka Bileyska
|volunteers        =
|logo              = [[File:Somaliland Police Force Logo.svg|250px]]
|flag              = [[File:Flag of the Somaliland Police Force.svg|200px]]
|flagcaption       = Calanka Ciidanka Booliska Somaliland
|patchcaption      =
|patch             = 
|abbreviation      = SLPF
|commonname        = 
|nativenamer       = 
|nativenamea       =
|employees         =
|budget            =
|hqlocmap          =
|governingbody     = Dawladda Somaliland
|headquarters      = [[Hargeysa]], [[Somaliland]]
|overviewbody      =
|overviewtype      =
|local             = Yes
|police            = Yes
|constitution1     =
|governingbodyscnd =
|legaljuris        =
|nongovernment     =
|sizepopulation    =
|sizearea          =
|mapcaption        =
|map               = Somaliland districts.svg
|national          = No
|countryabbr       = 
|country           = Somaliland
|website           = [https://www.facebook.com/ciidankapolicekajsl/ Page rasmiga ah ee Ciidanka Booliska Somaliland]&lt;br&gt;[http://www.somalilandpolice.com/ Websitte ka rasmiga ah ee Ciidanka Booliska Somaliland]}}

'''Ciidanka Booliska Somaliland''' ( '''JSLPL''';[[Af-Ingiriisi|Af ingiriisi]]  '''Somaliland Police Force'''  ( '''SLPL''' );  {{lang-ar|قوة شرطة أرض الصومال}}) ) waa [[Ciidanka Nabad Sugida|ciidanka bilayska]] qaranka iyo hay'adda ugu weyn ee sharci fulinta rayidka ah ee [[Somaliland]]. Sida ugu badan ee ciidamada booliska kale ee adduunka, shaqooyinkooda waxaa ka mid ah la dagaalanka dambiyada, xakameynta taraafikada, ilaalinta nabadgelyada bulshada, iyo ka hortagga argagixisada. Waxay hoos timaadaa Wasiirka Amniga Dadweynaha.
Booliska Somaliland waa gole u xilsaaran fulinta sharciga jamhuuriyada Somaliland.

== Guudmarka ==
[[File:Logo of Somaliland Police Force.svg|thumb|left|Calaamadda koofiyadda ee Ciidanka Booliska Somaliland]]
Booliska Somaliland wuxuu hoos yimaadaa Wasiirka Arimaha Gudaha. Waxay sidoo kale si dhow ula shaqeeysaa Waaxda Baarista Dambiyada (CID) iyo militariga. Xooggan waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1993 lagana soo saaray ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed ee]] SNM oo dalka ka xoreeyay taliskii kelidii taliyihii Siyaad Bare ee Soomaaliya.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/police_law_.html Somaliland Police Law]&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa la kala qaybiyey sidii mid kasta oo ka mid ah gobollada Somaliland ayaa, [[Gabiley]], [[Sanaag]], [[Buuhoodle]], [[Codweyne|Oodweyne]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed|Maroodi-jeex]], [[Saaxil]], [[Awdal]], [[Togdheer]], [[Taleex]], [[Sanaag]], [[Sool|Sool,]] iyo [[Hawd]]. Gobol kasta wuxuu leeyahay taliye booliis iyo saraakiil loo xilsaaray. Booliska waxaa loo xilsaaray fulinta baaritaanka dambiyada, kormeerka, iyo maaraynta taraafikada. Waxa kale oo jira tiro yar oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha ka hortagga rabshadaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidanka Ilaalinta Gaarka ah ee uu tababaray Ingiriisku (SPU) waxaa loo xilsaaray ilaalinta hoggaamiyeyaasha iyo marti sharafta ajnebiga ah.  Sannadkii 2005, ciidamada qalabka sida iyo booliisku waxay heleen boqolkiiba 15 miisaaniyadda Somaliland. Lacagtani inteeda badan waxay ku baxday mushahaar iyo gunno.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.somali-jna.org/index.cfm?Module=ActiveWeb&amp;Page=WebPage&amp;s=home Somali Joint Needs Assessment]&lt;/ref&gt;

Warbixinadii Waaxda Arimaha Dibada ee Maraykanka ee 2010 ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Somaliya waxay ku ogaadeen in Booliska Somaliland uu si adag ugu hoos taliyo dadka rayidka ah, oo aanu samayn wax dilal sharci daro ah (oo ay ku jiraan mudaharaadayaasha), oo aan si sharci daro ah u qaban ama u xidhin siyaasad ujeedooyinkooda, isla markaana aan samayn jirdil ama kufsi (laakiin sidoo kale wax talaabo ah oo tilmaam ah kama qaadin dadka ay ahaayeen). Warbixinta ayaa xustay in xabsiyada ay soo hagaagayeen, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay kormeerka UN-ka. Kala bar maxaabiista 765 ee ku jira xabsiga Mandheera waxaa lagu xiray amar ka soo baxay guddiyada amniga ee heer gobol ama degmo.&lt;ref name=&quot;State2010&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110414012025/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154369.htm 2010 Human Rights Reports: Somalia]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Somaliland_Police_25th_Anniversary.jpg|thumb|25aad Sannad Guuradii Booliska]]
Taliyaha Booliska Somaliland waa General [[Maxamed Aadan Saqadhi Dabagale|Maxamed Adan Saqadhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Somaliland Police Ready To Deal Alshabaab With Iron Hands |url=http://hornnewspaper.com/2011/08/somaliland-police-ready-to-deal-alshabaab-with-iron-hands/ |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227185359/http://hornnewspaper.com/2011/08/somaliland-police-ready-to-deal-alshabaab-with-iron-hands/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu beddelay [[Cabdillaahi Fadal Iimaan]].  Taliye ku xigeenka Booliska Somaliland waa General [https://www.facebook.com/share/v/14iHjtY89T/ Cabdi Xasan Mire].&lt;ref name=&quot;HALOArmory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Somaliland Police Armoury Rehabilitation Project |url=http://www.halotrust.org/media/news/somaliland_armoury.aspx |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2012-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628091751/http://www.halotrust.org/media/news/somaliland_armoury.aspx |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Waaxyaha ==
Laga bilaabo 2003, waxa [[Hargeysa|Hargeysa ka]] jiray sideed saldhig booliis iyo 24 saldhig booliis.&lt;ref&gt;[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOMALIAEXTN/Resources/HargeisaMunicipality.pdf Hargeisa Municipality Statistical Abstract]&lt;/ref&gt;

Hargeysa

* Qeybta Booliska Gaarka ah (SPU) iyo Waaxda Baarista Dambiyada (CID).&lt;ref name=&quot;HALOArmory&quot;/&gt; 
* In kasta oo uu jiray Unugga Booliska Gaarka ah (SPU), haddana dawladda Somaliland waxay tababartay ku dhowaad 70 askari oo ka tirsan Qaybta Jawaabta Deg-degga ah (RRU),  tababar dhammaystay koox labaad, ku dhowaad 100 askari, 14-kii Maarso, 2013. Qeybta Jawaabta Degdega ah waxaa loo tababbaray jawaabaha degdegga ah, oo ay ku jiraan falalka argagixisada, toogashada, gargaarka degdegga ah, iyo ilaalinta 

Laga soo bilaabo ugu yaraan 2010, UNDP waxay ka shaqeyneysay dib u habeynta iyo tababarada ciidamada booliska Somaliland. Sannadkii 2010-kii waxay sidoo kale dadaal ku bixinayeen sidii loo waafajin lahaa / la isugu dari lahaa booliska badaha iyo booliska rayidka ah 

== Qaybaha safka ==
Dhaqaale la’aan darteed iyo cunaqabateynta hubka ee saaran guud ahaan Soomaaliya, qoryaha ay adeegsadaan Booliska Somaliland waxaa iska leh shaqsiyaadka askarta ah laftooda. Kahor intaadan ku biirin ciidanka, labadaba dagaalyahanadii hore iyo kuwa cusub ee la qoray, waxaa laga rabaa inay ku soo wargaliyaan nidaamka qorista qoryahooda. Nidaam la mid ah ayaa lagu arkaa xoogag kale oo anshax leh, oo ay ku jiraan booliska. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Somaliland's Military is a Shadow of the Past |url=http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/1299/Somalilands_Military_is_a_Shadow_of_the_Past_ |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2016-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105052441/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/1299/Somalilands_Military_is_a_Shadow_of_the_Past_ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismayaal ==
Dugsiga Tababarka Ciidanka Booliska Lixle Mandheera

== Meelaynta ==

* May 2008 - Qaraxyo isku mar ka dhacay Hargeysa ayaa lala beegsaday UNDP, Komishanka Doorashooyinka Somaliland, iyo safaaradda Itoobiya, iyo sidoo kale xafiisyada maamulka Puntland ee Bossasso, halkaas oo ay ku dhinteen 20 qof 37 kalena ku dhaawacmeen. 28-kii Maajo, maxkamadda gobolka Hargeysa waxay soo oogtay 11 tuhmane oo lagu eedeeyay weerarka. Bishii Luulyo maxkamaddu waxay sii daysay sagaal kamid ah eedeysanayaasha wax cadeyn ah waxayna labo kale ku xukuntay min 18 bilood oo xarig ah ka dib markii ay cadaalada hor istaageen. Maxkamada ayaa sidoo kale ''maqane ku'' xukuntay dil toogasho shan eedeysane oo baxsad ahaa. Bishii Sebtember 16keedii, nabadgelyada Somaliland waxay xireen ka dib markii ay sii deysay maxkamadda sare, mid ka mid ah tuhmanayaasha maleegayaasha oo horey loogu xukumay dil toogasho; wuxuu ku sii jiray xabsiga isagoo sugaya fulinta xukunkan.&lt;ref name=&quot;State2010&quot;/&gt;
* Sebtember 2009 - Maamulka Somaliland ayaa xidhay oo xidhay in ka badan 100 qof, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr hoggaamiyeyaal mucaarad ah, ka dib markii afar qof lagu dilay mudaharaadyadii ka dhacay Hargeysa. 
* June 19, 2011 - Laba &quot;askari&quot; ayaa ku dhintay weerar bambo oo lagu qaaday saldhig booliis oo ku yaal magaalada Laascaanood ee gobolka Sool.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bomb Blast Hits Las Anod Police Station |url=http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/996 |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306024221/http://somaliareport.com/index.php/post/996 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Oktoobar 27, 2011 - Booliska ayaa cambaareeyay Ururka Suxufiyiinta Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee NUSOJ kadib markii ay dharaar cad magaalada Hargeysa ku garaaceen wariye ku sugan magaalada Hargeysa, iyadoo lagu eedeeyay inuu dhowr sawir qaaday. 
* Nofeembar 27, 2011 - Taliyihii qeybta dhexe ee baarista (CID) ee gobolka Sool, Maxamuud Maxamed Xirsi, ayaa lagu dilay magaalada Laascaanood; ku xigeenkiisa Carab Warsame isna wuu dhaawacmay. 

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibedda ==
* {{official|police.gov.so}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>First Love</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>28368</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="4956" sha1="saz1yc0pgmoa5lwggcqghvmj92tz2uo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film|name=First Love|music=Koji Endo|caption=|native_name={{Infobox name module
| kanji          = 初恋
| romaji         = Hatsukoi
}}|director=[[Takashi Miike]]|producer={{plainlist|
* Muneyuki Kii
* [[Jeremy Thomas]]
* Misako Saka
}}|screenplay=Masaru Nakamura|story=Muneyuki Kii&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/331605|title=窪田正孝と小西桜子が&quot;聖地&quot;に興奮、三池崇史監督作「初恋」引っさげカンヌで会見|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|language=ja|date=16 May 2019|access-date=6 April 2020}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;|starring={{plainlist|
* [[Masataka Kubota]]
* [[Nao Ōmori|Nao Omori]]
* [[Shōta Sometani|Shota Sometani]]
* [[Sakurako Konishi]]
* [[Becky]]
* [[Takahiro Miura]]
* Mami Fujioka
* Yen Cheng-kuo
* Duan Chun-hao
* [[Maimi Yajima]]
* [[Masayuki Deai]]
* [[Jun Murakami]]
* [[Kenichi Takitō|Kenichi Takitoh]]
* Bengal
* [[Sansei Shiomi]]
* [[Seiyō Uchino|Seiyo Uchino]]&lt;ref name=natalie361054&gt;{{cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/361054|title=三池崇史「初恋」予告解禁、窪田正孝、小西桜子、大森南朋、染谷将太ら入り乱れる|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|language=ja|date=26 December 2019|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-date=6 Bisha Afraad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406172323/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/361054|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}|image=|editing=Akira Kamiya|cinematography=Nobuyashu Kita|studio=[[OLM, Inc.|OLM]]&lt;ref name=press&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ftp.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/Quinzaine2019/Longs_metrages/HATSUKOI/First%20Love%20Press%20Kit%20English.pdf|title=First Love Press Kit English|website=[[HanWay Films]]|access-date=7 February 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503215818/http://ftp.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/Quinzaine2019/Longs_metrages/HATSUKOI/First%20Love%20Press%20Kit%20English.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Quinzaine&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/en/film/hatsukoi/|title=Hatsukoi – Directors' Fortnight|website=French Directors' Guild|access-date=7 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;|distributors={{plainlist|
* Signature (Boqortooyada Ingiriiska)&lt;ref name=BBFC&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/first-love-2019|title=First Love|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=20 January 2020|access-date=7 February 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=7 Bisha Labaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207031706/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/first-love-2019|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Toei Company]] (Jabaan)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/329473|title=三池崇史×窪田正孝「初恋」がカンヌ映画祭へ「バイオレンスよ、さらば!!」|website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]]|language=ja|date=26 April 2019|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-date=20 Bisha Shanaad 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520034032/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/329473|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}|released=|runtime=108 daqiiqado &lt;ref name=BBFC /&gt;&lt;ref name=Leader&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/first-love-miike-takashi-yakuza-triad-frenzy|title=First Love first look: Miike Taskashi pits yakuza against triads in a gonzo frenzy|website=[[Sight &amp; Sound]]|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|first=Michael|last=Leader|date=23 May 2019|access-date=7 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;|country={{plainlist|
* Japan
* United Kingdom&lt;ref name=Leader /&gt;
}}|language=Jabaaniis &lt;ref name=BBFC /&gt;|budget=|gross=$366,247&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Hatsukoi-(Japan)|title=Hatsukoi (2019)|website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|publisher=Nash Information Services|access-date=7 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10228168/|title=First Love|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[IMDb|IMDbPro]]|access-date=6 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}'''''First Love''''' (&quot;''Jacaylka Koowaad''&quot;) (Jabaaniis: 初恋, Hepburn: Hatsukoi) waa filim dambi-jebinta dambiyada ah ee 2019 oo uu Takashi Miike.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/first-love-miike-takashi-yakuza-triad-frenzy First Love first look: Miike Taskashi pits yakuza against triads in a gonzo frenzy]. Sight &amp; Sound.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ka warrameysaa sheekada feeryahan iyo [[Dhillo|gabar wicitaan]] ah oo iyagoon ogayn ku lug leh qorshe daroogo tahriibin ah. Filimku wuxuu soo baxay 17kii Maajo 2019 ee Agaasimayaasha 'Fortnight, ka hor inta aan laga sii deyn tiyaatarada Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo Jabaan Febraayo 2020.&lt;ref&gt;[https://variety.com/2019/film/news/cannes-deerskin-with-jean-dujardin-to-open-directors-fortnight-1203180491/ Cannes: Deerskin with Jean Dujardin to open Directors' Fortnight]. [[Variety]]&lt;/ref&gt;


== Tixraacyada ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sakurako Konishi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3923" sha1="m5v0n96cxvgt7pzmn6e5hsgzv4ae4qy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Sakurako Konishi|birth_date={{birth date and age|1998|03|29|}}|years active=2019–hada|image=Konishi Sakurako from &quot;colorless&quot; at Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2019 (49013770661).jpg|native_name=小西 桜子|native_name_lang=Ja|birth_place=Saitama, Jabaan}}

'''Sakurako Konishi''' (小 西 桜 子 '''Konishi Sakurako''') (wuxuu dhashay 29 Maarso 1998) waa atirisho Jabaan ah oo reer Saitama ah.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sakurakokonishi.com/a-b-o-u-t &quot;About me&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.sakurakokonishi.com/a-b-o-u-t |date=20210510144721 }}  (Jabbaan). Raadin 10 Maajo 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;


== Shaqo ==
Konishi wuxuu markii ugu horeysay xiiseynayay xirfad jilista kadib markii uu daawaday filimka Sion Sono ee ''Himizu'' ee dugsiga sare ee yar.&lt;ref name=&quot;cm&quot;&gt;[https://cinemarche.net/interview/fancy-konishisakurako/ 【小西桜子インタビュー】映画『ファンシー』永瀬正敏×窪田正孝らとの共演の中で得た“女優”としての成長と覚悟] {{Wayback|url=https://cinemarche.net/interview/fancy-konishisakurako/ |date=20210423225644 }} cinemarche.net&lt;/ref&gt;  Waxay markii dambe ka soo muuqatay filim iskeed u soo saartay jaamacadda, waxayna bilowday inay dib ugu dirto resumeygeeda wakaaladaha madadaalada isla markaana ay ka soo qeyb gasho dhageysiga.  Kadib markii ay la kulantay agaasimaha filimka Masaoki Hirota, waxaa loo jilay halyeeyga filimkiisii ​​2020 ee ''Sasaki In My Mind'', kaas oo noqday filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee ganacsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cm&quot; /&gt; Waxay ku jileysay Filimka Takashi Miike ee ''[[First Love]]'', waxaa laga xushay 3,000 oo gabdhood doorka 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;na&quot;&gt;[https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/331509 窪田正孝「初恋」に大森南朋、染谷将太、内野聖陽、ベッキー、村上淳、塩見三省ら参戦]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay jeldiga majaladda ''Young King'', ee daabacaadii 2 Maarso 2020, oo uu daabacay Shōnen Gahōsha.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.shonengahosha.co.jp/book_Info.php?id=8215 ヤングキング　2020年5号]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filmography ==

=== Filim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sanadka
!Cinwaanka
!Doorka
|-
|2017
|''All Night''
|
|-
|2019
|''[[First Love]]''
|Monica/Yuri
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
|''Fancy''
|
|-
|''Keep Your Hands Off Eizouken!''
|Toru Dotonbori
|-
|''The Samejima Incident''
|Fumi Nakase
|-
|''Sasaki In My Mind''
|Ichinose
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Between Us''
|
|-
|''Colorless''
|Hisako
|}

=== Telefishanka ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sanadka
!Cinwaanka
!Doorka
!Kanaalka
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2020
|''On Nights When I Want To End It All...''
|Okada
|MBS TV
|-
|''Keep Your Hands Off Eizouken!''
|Toru Dotonbori
|MBS TV/TBS TV
|-
|''Toshishita Kareshi''
|Ayumi
|ABC
|-
|''Tokyo MPD: From Zero to Hero''
|Akane Niijima
|TV Asahi
|-
|''Furo Girl!''
|Aino Hiyama
|TV Tokyo
|-
|''Cat''
|Mineko Kaneko
|TV Tokyo
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2021
|''Keihan Story: Old Folk House Vacation Rental Bond Shop''
|Imachi Jun
|TV Osaka/BSTV Tokyo
|-
|''The Romance Manga Artist''
|Yuna Ito
|Fuji TV
|-
|''Love Phantom''
|Momoko Hirasawa
|MBS
|}

=== Taxanaha shabakadda ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sanadka
!Cinwaanka
!Doorka
!Kanaalka
|-
|2019
|''Tracing Love''
|
|WATCHY
|-
|2019
|''Seikei University Faculty of Comprehensive Promotion WEB Drama General Management Department''
|Yuka
|
|-
|2019
|''ROSOKU MINAI brand movie &quot;Light&quot;''
|
|
|-
|2019
|''Shin-Tokorozawa Let's Cine Park &quot;Story of Chairs, Me and Movies&quot;''
|College student
|
|-
|2021
|''Renai Mangaka''
|Yuna Ito
|Fuji TV
|}

== Waxqabadka masraxa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sanadka
!Cinwaanka
!Doorka
|-
|2019
|365 days, 36.5 ℃
|Chaoyang
|}

== Fiidiyowyada muusikada ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sanadka
!Heesta
|-
|2018
|&quot;Asagao&quot;
|-
|2019
|&quot;Wake janai&quot;
|-
|2020
|&quot;Hanshī&quot;
|}

== Tixraacyada ==
&lt;references /&gt;


[[Category:Atariishayasha filimada Jabaan]]</text>
      <sha1>m5v0n96cxvgt7pzmn6e5hsgzv4ae4qy</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Akishibu Project</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1634" sha1="skt92duhsyzpdppndonji1vjdbbab06" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist|name=Akishibu Project|image=T-SPOOK 2016 Keira Hinako, Funaki Saori, Taguchi Miiro, Ishikawa Natsumi, Miyatani Yue &amp; Arakawa Yuuna (Akishibu Project) (33773957632).jpg|caption=T-SPOOK 2016|image_size=|landscape=|native_name=アキシブproject|native_name_lang=ja|alias=|origin=Jabaan|genre={{flatlist| 
* [[J-pop]] 
* [[Pop music|pop]]}}|years_active=2012–hada|label=[[Twin Planet]] Entertainment (2012-2017)&lt;br /&gt; KING RECORDS (2018-hada)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=アキシブproject夏にキングレコードよりメジャーデビュー、新メンバー募集も |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/263711 |website=Natalie音楽 |accessdate=5 July 2018 |language=Japanese }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;|associated_acts={{flatlist| 
* [[BiS]]}}|website={{URL|http://akishibup.net}}|current_members=Hinako Kera&lt;br /&gt;Yue Miyatani&lt;br /&gt;Miiro Taguchi&lt;br /&gt;Mahiro Hoshino&lt;br /&gt;Ruka Okonogi&lt;br /&gt;Mizuki Tsushiro&lt;br /&gt;Mashiro Riho&lt;br /&gt;Fukuyama Rino&lt;br /&gt;Morishita Kanon&lt;br /&gt;Kanno Serina|past_members=Rina Yokoyama&lt;br /&gt;Ami Iseki&lt;br /&gt;Emiri Otani&lt;br /&gt;Emiri Suzuki&lt;br /&gt;Rena Hayashi&lt;br /&gt;Miki Fujimoto&lt;br /&gt;Kaori Miyako&lt;br /&gt;Sara Murayama&lt;br /&gt;Saori Funaki&lt;br /&gt;Yuuna Arakawa&lt;br /&gt;Ishikawa Natsumi&lt;br /&gt;Yurina Kato}}
'''Akishibu Project''' (アキシブproject) waa koox gabdhaha Jabaan ah.&lt;ref&gt;[http://japanexpothailand.com/akishibu-project/ &quot;Akishibu project | Japan Expo Thailand&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://japanexpothailand.com/akishibu-project/ |date=20210809151514 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyada ==


&lt;references /&gt;

[[Category:Kooxaha gabdhaha Jabaan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Niiko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34334</id>
    <revision>
      <id>302691</id>
      <parentid>267716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-16T10:13:03Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28368</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1900" sha1="b8kl19h28qvtbsijgulb18q31bl8juf" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Somali dance primarily in southern Somalia}}
'''Niiko''' waa nooc ka mid ah qoob ka hirwada asal ahaan ka soo jeeda koonfurta Soomaaliya.  Waa qoob-ka-hirwada dareenka leh, Waxay ku lug leedahay dhaqaaqa miskaha waxayna la mid tahay [[twerking]] marka laga reebo miskaha oo loo dhaqaajiyo qaab wareeg ah. Niiko waxaa inta badan lagu soo bandhigaa iyada oo xiran [[diraac]] iyo sidoo kale maro dhexda ku xiran tahay si ay u muujiso dabada, niiko waxaa ku dhaqma labada qowmiyadood ee koonfurta ka soo jeeda, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa sameeya [[Dadka Baantuga Soomaaliya|Baantuga]].&lt;ref&gt;Somali, Muslim, British: Striving in Securitized Britain - Page 128, Laura Bear - 2017&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ciyaaraha hiddaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, pp. 15–19, Abdulahi A. Ahmed - 2014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/aug/24/insider-guide-mogadishu-somalia-life-peace|title=An insider's guide to Mogadishu: 'There's no life without peace'|first1=Sadia|last1=Ahmed|first2=Fatuma|last2=Abdulahi|date=August 24, 2015|via=www.theguardian.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://boingboing.net/2013/08/28/through-internet-videos-traci.html|title=Through internet videos, tracing the African roots of twerk|date=August 28, 2013|access-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 13, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113000237/https://boingboing.net/2013/08/28/through-internet-videos-traci.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dulmar ==
Niiko waxay caan tahay ee Soomaaliya gaar ahaan dadka ku nool. Dumarku waxay inta badan sameeyaan niiko munaasabadaha xafladaha, si joogta ah ayey u guur.

=== Ee fanka ===
Dhanka madadaalada, gaar ahaan dhanka heesaha, niiko waxaa ku dhaqma hablaha fannaaniinta Soomaaliyeed ee muuqaallada iyo bandhigyada.  Fanaanada [[Faadumiina]] caan ku tahay niiko iyo  [[baladi]].

== Tix ==

&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Carl XVI Gustaf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34740</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>265465</parentid>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="798" sha1="a5id6mvk86lma4jat7oztm4v2d25pns" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Carl XVI Gustaf Tallinnas 2023 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Carl XVI Gustaf]]
'''Carl XVI Gustaf''' (ku dhalatay [[Stockholm]] 30 Abriil [[1946]]), boqorka [[Iswiidhan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.kungahuset.se/kungafamiljen/hmkonungcarlxvigustaf.4.7c4768101a4e8883780003.html |access-date=2021-12-12 |archive-date=2021-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212152301/https://www.kungahuset.se/kungafamiljen/hmkonungcarlxvigustaf.4.7c4768101a4e8883780003.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{commons|Carl XVI Gustaf}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-roy}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Gustaf VI Adolf]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Iswiidhan|Boqorka Iswiidhan]]|years=tan iyo 1973}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}
[[Category:Bernadotte]]
[[Category:Boqor]]
[[Category:Iswiidhan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marwa Zein</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6850" sha1="m4j0cn6nwkb0vlrdu4dx8wuh869novf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Marwa Zein|occupation={{Hlist|Agaasime aflaan|qoraa qoraal|soo saare filim|}}|known_for={{hlist |''[[Khartoum Offside]]'' (2019) |''One Week, Two Days!'' (2016) |''A Game'' (2009)}}|mother=|father=|spouse=|children=|years_active=2008–hada|alma_mater=|image=|nationality=|birth_place=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1985|12|4|}}|birth_name=Marwa Zein|caption=|image_size=|website=[https://vimeo.com/marwazein Marwa Zein ee Vimeo]}}'''Marwa Zein''' waa agaasime aflaan Suudaani ah, qoraa qoraal ah iyo soo saare filim. Iyadu waa qoraaga filimka 2019, ''[[Khartoum Offside]]'', iyo u doodaha xuquuqda haweenka iyada oo loo marayo shaqadeeda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/new-york-african-film-festival-goes-virtual-with-streaming-rivers-the-past-into-the-present/|title=New York African Film Festival Goes Virtual with Streaming Rivers: The Past into the Present|publisher=Film at Lincoln Center|date=November 19, 2020|access-date=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://actfilmfest.colostate.edu/films/khartoum-offside/|title=Sudan Offside|last=Diffrient|first=David Scott|publisher=acts.Human Rights Film Festival|access-date=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadu waa aasaasaha ORE Production, shirkad soosaar filimeed oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Khartuum]] iyo mid ka mid ah toddobada filim sameeyayaasha da'da yar ee laga soo doortay adduunka oo dhan si ay uga qaybgalaan [[Dabaaldag Filimka Cannes|Dabaaldag Filimada Cannes]] 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;Can&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iefta.org/seven-filmmakers-to-attend-cannes-2019/|title=7 FILMMAKERS SELECTED FOR CANNES 2019|publisher=IEFTA|access-date=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh nololeedka ==
Zein waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada [[Makka]] ee dalka Sucuudiga, kadibna waxa uu u guuray magaalada [[Qaahiro]] ee dalka Masar.&lt;ref&gt;[https://al-ain.com/amp/article/marwa-zain-khartoum-offside مخرجة &quot;خرطوم أوفسايد&quot;: أحلم بتقديم فيلم عن النوبة - العين الإخبارية].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://m.elwatannews.com/news/details/4449613&lt;/ref&gt;

Zein waxay qortay, agaasimay oo soo saartay filimka gaaban ee dukumentiga ah, ''A Game'', ee 2009, oo loo turjumay shan luqadood waxayna soo bandhigtay sida xulashada rasmiga ah ee in ka badan 30 dabaaldag caalami ah. 2016 [[Filimka Caalamiga ee Dubai Dabaaldag]] (DIFF), filimkeeda gaaban, ''One Week, Two Days!'' ayaa la soo bandhigay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/245240/Arts--Culture/Film/-Egyptian-film-One-Week-Two-Days-to-compete-in-th-.aspx|title=Egyptian film One Week Two Days to compete in 13th Dubai film festival|date=October 5, 2016|publisher=Ahram Online|access-date=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2019, waxay dhamaystirtay mashruuc afar sano ah, kaas oo ay qortay oo ay agaasimaysay, filim isboorti oo lagu magacaabo ''[[Khartoum Offside]]''.&lt;ref name=Ouf&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2019/02_programm_2019/02_filmdatenblatt_2019_201914803.html#tab=filmStills |title=FILM FILE {{!}} Oufsaiyed Elkhortoum |publisher=Berlinale |access-date=November 10, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Q/&gt; Waxaa si heer caalami ah loo daah-furay madasha 2019 [[Berlinale]] ee [[Jarmalka]] waxaana lagu taxay mid ka mid ah saddexda filim ee Suudaanta caanka ah ee la daah-furay 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.mediasupport.org/the-future-of-football-in-sudan-is-also-female/ |title=The future of football in Sudan is (also) female |date=October 11, 2019 |publisher=Media Support |access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Ber&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.qantara.de/content/berlinale-2019-marwa-zeins-khartoum-offside-football-film-and-freedom-in-sudan |title=Berlinale 2019: Marwa Zein's &quot;Khartoum Offside&quot; {{!}} Football, film and freedom in Sudan |publisher=Qantara |access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hal fariin oo udub dhexaad u ah filimka ayaa lagu sheegay safafka hordhaca ah sidatan:{{Quote|“Sida lagu jiro xukunka siyaasadeed ee militariga Islaamiga ah ee hadda jira, haweenka looma ogola inay kubad ku ciyaaraan Suudaan - nalooma ogola inaan filim sameyno - laakiin…”}}

&lt;ref name=&quot;Z&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 31, 2020|title=SCREENING: KHARTOUM OFFSIDE (2019) AND THE BLEACHING SYNDROME (2020)|url=https://www.dardishi.com/events/2020/4/10/khartouoffside|access-date=November 10, 2020|publisher=Dardishi|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126094245/https://www.dardishi.com/events/2020/4/10/khartouoffside|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Q&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200218-the-worlds-most-fearless-filmmakers|title=The films that defy censorship|last=Aftab|first=Kaleem|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=February 20, 2020|access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Soo saarista filimkan, waxay ka hortimid hab-dhaqanka xun ee dawladda Suudaan ee ku wajahan ku lug lahaanshaha haweenka ee filim samaynta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/NEW-YORK-AFRICAN-AMERICAN-FILM-FESTIVAL-Goes-Virtual-Dec-2-20201119|title=NEW YORK AFRICAN AMERICAN FILM FESTIVAL Goes Virtual Dec. 2|publisher=Broadway World|access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In kasta oo aanay la kulmin weerar toos ah oo jidheed intii ay ku guda jirtay samaynta filimkan, waxa ay heshay qaar ka mid ah hanjabaadaha kamaraddeeda ama agab ay suurtogal tahay in la burburiyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Q&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://debalie.nl/cinema/idfa-khartoum-offside-by-movies-that-matter/|title=IDFA: Khartoum Offside by Movies that Matter|publisher=DeBalie|access-date=November 10, 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128111906/https://debalie.nl/cinema/idfa-khartoum-offside-by-movies-that-matter/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://44.mostra.org/en/filmes/impedimento-em-cartum|title=International Perspective: Khartoum Offside|publisher=44.Monster|access-date=November 10, 2020|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127212051/https://44.mostra.org/en/filmes/impedimento-em-cartum|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugu dambeyntii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay heshay ogolaanshaha lagama maarmaanka u ah toogashada filimkan.  Kadib isbedeladii siyaasadeed ee uu keenay kacdoonka Suudaan ee 2018/19, filimka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay furitaanka [[Dabaaldag Filimada Madaxa Banaan ee Suudaan]] ee [[Khartuum]] Janaayo 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sudan Independent Cinema Festival Screens 81 Films{{!}} Sudanow Magazine|url=https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=903|access-date=2020-12-09|website=sudanow-magazine.net|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126094241/https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=903|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tix ==</text>
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      <comment>removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v2.2.9s</comment>
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      <text bytes="6846" sha1="5wnw8ue1fti088tmwq4bz9eiw773c04" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Marwa Zein|occupation={{Hlist|Agaasime aflaan|qoraa qoraal|soo saare filim|}}|known_for={{hlist |''[[Khartoum Offside]]'' (2019) |''One Week, Two Days!'' (2016) |''A Game'' (2009)}}|mother=|father=|spouse=|children=|years_active=2008–hada|alma_mater=|image=|nationality=|birth_place=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1985|12|4|}}|birth_name=Marwa Zein|caption=|image_size=|website=[https://vimeo.com/marwazein Marwa Zein ee Vimeo]}}'''Marwa Zein''' waa agaasime aflaan Suudaani ah, qoraa qoraal ah iyo soo saare filim. Iyadu waa qoraaga filimka 2019, ''[[Khartoum Offside]]'', iyo u doodaha xuquuqda haweenka iyada oo loo marayo shaqadeeda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/new-york-african-film-festival-goes-virtual-with-streaming-rivers-the-past-into-the-present/|title=New York African Film Festival Goes Virtual with Streaming Rivers: The Past into the Present|publisher=Film at Lincoln Center|date=November 19, 2020|access-date=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://actfilmfest.colostate.edu/films/khartoum-offside/|title=Sudan Offside|last=Diffrient|first=David Scott|publisher=acts.Human Rights Film Festival|access-date=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadu waa aasaasaha ORE Production, shirkad soosaar filimeed oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Khartuum]] iyo mid ka mid ah toddobada filim sameeyayaasha da'da yar ee laga soo doortay adduunka oo dhan si ay uga qaybgalaan [[Dabaaldag Filimka Cannes|Dabaaldag Filimada Cannes]] 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;Can&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iefta.org/seven-filmmakers-to-attend-cannes-2019/|title=7 FILMMAKERS SELECTED FOR CANNES 2019|publisher=IEFTA|access-date=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh nololeedka ==
Zein waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada [[Makka]] ee dalka Sucuudiga, kadibna waxa uu u guuray magaalada [[Qaahiro]] ee dalka Masar.&lt;ref&gt;[https://al-ain.com/article/marwa-zain-khartoum-offside مخرجة &quot;خرطوم أوفسايد&quot;: أحلم بتقديم فيلم عن النوبة - العين الإخبارية].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://m.elwatannews.com/news/details/4449613&lt;/ref&gt;

Zein waxay qortay, agaasimay oo soo saartay filimka gaaban ee dukumentiga ah, ''A Game'', ee 2009, oo loo turjumay shan luqadood waxayna soo bandhigtay sida xulashada rasmiga ah ee in ka badan 30 dabaaldag caalami ah. 2016 [[Filimka Caalamiga ee Dubai Dabaaldag]] (DIFF), filimkeeda gaaban, ''One Week, Two Days!'' ayaa la soo bandhigay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/245240/Arts--Culture/Film/-Egyptian-film-One-Week-Two-Days-to-compete-in-th-.aspx|title=Egyptian film One Week Two Days to compete in 13th Dubai film festival|date=October 5, 2016|publisher=Ahram Online|access-date=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2019, waxay dhamaystirtay mashruuc afar sano ah, kaas oo ay qortay oo ay agaasimaysay, filim isboorti oo lagu magacaabo ''[[Khartoum Offside]]''.&lt;ref name=Ouf&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2019/02_programm_2019/02_filmdatenblatt_2019_201914803.html#tab=filmStills |title=FILM FILE {{!}} Oufsaiyed Elkhortoum |publisher=Berlinale |access-date=November 10, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Q/&gt; Waxaa si heer caalami ah loo daah-furay madasha 2019 [[Berlinale]] ee [[Jarmalka]] waxaana lagu taxay mid ka mid ah saddexda filim ee Suudaanta caanka ah ee la daah-furay 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.mediasupport.org/the-future-of-football-in-sudan-is-also-female/ |title=The future of football in Sudan is (also) female |date=October 11, 2019 |publisher=Media Support |access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Ber&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.qantara.de/content/berlinale-2019-marwa-zeins-khartoum-offside-football-film-and-freedom-in-sudan |title=Berlinale 2019: Marwa Zein's &quot;Khartoum Offside&quot; {{!}} Football, film and freedom in Sudan |publisher=Qantara |access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hal fariin oo udub dhexaad u ah filimka ayaa lagu sheegay safafka hordhaca ah sidatan:{{Quote|“Sida lagu jiro xukunka siyaasadeed ee militariga Islaamiga ah ee hadda jira, haweenka looma ogola inay kubad ku ciyaaraan Suudaan - nalooma ogola inaan filim sameyno - laakiin…”}}

&lt;ref name=&quot;Z&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 31, 2020|title=SCREENING: KHARTOUM OFFSIDE (2019) AND THE BLEACHING SYNDROME (2020)|url=https://www.dardishi.com/events/2020/4/10/khartouoffside|access-date=November 10, 2020|publisher=Dardishi|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126094245/https://www.dardishi.com/events/2020/4/10/khartouoffside|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Q&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200218-the-worlds-most-fearless-filmmakers|title=The films that defy censorship|last=Aftab|first=Kaleem|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=February 20, 2020|access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Soo saarista filimkan, waxay ka hortimid hab-dhaqanka xun ee dawladda Suudaan ee ku wajahan ku lug lahaanshaha haweenka ee filim samaynta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/NEW-YORK-AFRICAN-AMERICAN-FILM-FESTIVAL-Goes-Virtual-Dec-2-20201119|title=NEW YORK AFRICAN AMERICAN FILM FESTIVAL Goes Virtual Dec. 2|publisher=Broadway World|access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In kasta oo aanay la kulmin weerar toos ah oo jidheed intii ay ku guda jirtay samaynta filimkan, waxa ay heshay qaar ka mid ah hanjabaadaha kamaraddeeda ama agab ay suurtogal tahay in la burburiyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Q&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://debalie.nl/cinema/idfa-khartoum-offside-by-movies-that-matter/|title=IDFA: Khartoum Offside by Movies that Matter|publisher=DeBalie|access-date=November 10, 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128111906/https://debalie.nl/cinema/idfa-khartoum-offside-by-movies-that-matter/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://44.mostra.org/en/filmes/impedimento-em-cartum|title=International Perspective: Khartoum Offside|publisher=44.Monster|access-date=November 10, 2020|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127212051/https://44.mostra.org/en/filmes/impedimento-em-cartum|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugu dambeyntii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay heshay ogolaanshaha lagama maarmaanka u ah toogashada filimkan.  Kadib isbedeladii siyaasadeed ee uu keenay kacdoonka Suudaan ee 2018/19, filimka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay furitaanka [[Dabaaldag Filimada Madaxa Banaan ee Suudaan]] ee [[Khartuum]] Janaayo 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sudan Independent Cinema Festival Screens 81 Films{{!}} Sudanow Magazine|url=https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=903|access-date=2020-12-09|website=sudanow-magazine.net|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126094241/https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=903|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tix ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jaabir bin cabdilaah</title>
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      <text bytes="6288" sha1="0fc3yiijrfuhjjvgj1g2ogqpaibmhxy" xml:space="preserve">'''Jaabir bin cabdilaah bin xaraam al-ansaari''' (Afka [[Carabi|carabiga]]; ''' جابر بن عبد الله بن حرام الأنصاري''') waxa uu ka mid ahaa [[Saxaabi|saxaabada]] gaar ahaan [[Ansaar|ansaarta]], jaabir wuxuu ka mid lixda saxaabi ee ugu axaadiista badan, 1540 [[Xadiis]] ayuu ka wariyay Rasuulka ﷺ &lt;ref&gt; أ ب محمود داود دسوقي خطابي (19/11/2017)، &quot;أكثر الصحابة رواية للحديث&quot;، الألوكة الشرعية، اطّلع عليه بتاريخ 13/5/2021. بتصرّف.

إقرأ المزيد على الصحابة والتابعين:
https://hawlalrasool.com/o/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9 &lt;/ref&gt;, wuxuu ilaahay siiyay cimri dheer, sanadii [[78H]] ayuu ku dhintay [[Medina|Madiina]]

{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%; border:5px solid; border-color:green; background-color: lightgray; text-align: left;&quot;
|-
{{#if:|{{!}} colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-size: smaller;  text-align: center;&quot; {{!}} [[File:|200px|]]&lt;br /&gt;{{{caption|}}}}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-size: larger; background-color: green; text-align: center;&quot; | '''jaabir bin cabdilaahi&lt;br /&gt; جابر بن عبدالله&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; background-color: orange&quot; |[[saxaabi]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |xog ku saabsan
|-
!Aabihiisa:
|[[Cabdulaahi bin xaraam]]
|-
!Hooyadii 
|[[nasiiba binti cuqba bin cadiy]]
|-
!Dhashay:
|16 ka hor hijrada
|-
!Ku dhashay:
|[[Medina|Madiina]]
|-
!Diintiisa:
|[[Islaam]]
|-
!xaaska 
|suhayma binti mascuud&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://artikel.alfurqongresik.com/suhaimah-binti-masud-radhiallahu-anha/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330175129/https://artikel.alfurqongresik.com/suhaimah-binti-masud-radhiallahu-anha/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!Ilmahiisa
|muxamad bin jaabir
|-
!Dhintay:
|[[78 H / 697 AD]]
|-
!Ku dhintay:
|[[Madiina]] 
|}

== Taariikhda ==
jaabir wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada [[Madiina]] ka hor hijrada, wuxuuna ka soo jeedaa reer Ganam bin kacab bin salima oo ah laf ka tirsan qabiilka [[khazraj]]&lt;ref name=&quot;أسد&quot;&gt;[https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1110#page-689 أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة لابن الأثير الجزري - جابر بن عبد الله بن حرام] {{Wayback|url=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1110#page-689 |date=20170813230237 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813230237/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1110|date=13 أغسطس 2017}} {{وصلة مكسورة|تاريخ=2020-10-13|bot=JarBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Aabihiis [[cabdulaahi bin xaraam]] waa saxaabi weyn oo ka mid ahaa hogaamiyeyaasha [[ansaar|Ansaarta]], jaabir wuxuu islaamay xili hore, wuxuu u raacay aabihiis [[Beycatu caqaba|beyca caqaba labaad]] halkaas oo Nabiga  ﷺ kula mubaayacooday asigoo yar, jaabir ma uuna xaadirin [[Dagaalkii Beder|dagaalkii beder]] iyo kii [[Dagaalkii uxud|uxud]] sababtoo ah aabihiis ayaa ku dhaafi jiray guriga soo u daryeelo gabdhaha walaalihiis ee ka yaraay &lt;ref name=&quot;المزي2&quot;&gt;[http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?indexstartno=0&amp;hflag=1&amp;pid=644795&amp;bk_no=1857&amp;startno=2 تهذيب الكمال للمزي » جابر بن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بن عمرو بن حرام بن ثعلبة (2)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204851/http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?indexstartno=0&amp;hflag=1&amp;pid=644795&amp;bk_no=1857&amp;startno=2|date=30 يناير 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;, hase ahaatee aabihiis [[Cabdulaahi bin xaraam|cabdilaah]] wuxuu ku dhintay [[dagaalkii uxud]] maalinkaas ka dib jaabir ma uuna ka harin dagaal uu Nabiga ﷺ ka qeyb galo&lt;ref name=&quot;الإصابة1&quot;&gt;[https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-9767#page-531 الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة لابن حجر العسقلاني - جابر بن عبد اللَّه بن عمرو بن حرام (1)] {{Wayback|url=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-9767#page-531 |date=20190507172055 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710000854/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-9767|date=10 يوليو 2017}} {{وصلة مكسورة|تاريخ=2020-10-13|bot=JarBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;. wuxuu ka qeyb qaatay [[Furashada makka|Furashada Makka]] iyo [[Beycatu ridwaan]].

Nabiga ﷺ markuu dhintay ka dib wuxuu qeyb ka noqday ciidankii u baxay [[Furashada shaam|Furashada Shaam]], furashada Dimishiq ayuu goob joog ahaa.

=== Muftiga Madiina ===
Jaabir badanaa waqtigiisa wuxuu ku bixiyay [[Masjidka Nabiga|Masjidka Nabiga ﷺ]] inuu dadka wax ku baro, saxaabada kuwa ugu xadiis warinta badan ayuuna ku jiray, wuxuuna ku lahaa masaajidka xalqad oo dadka u soo dhoobtaan see uga dhageystaan xadiiska&lt;ref name=&quot;المزي6&quot;&gt;[http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?indexstartno=0&amp;hflag=1&amp;pid=644795&amp;bk_no=1857&amp;startno=8 تهذيب الكمال للمزي » جابر بن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بن عمرو بن حرام بن ثعلبة (6)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211173053/https://islamweb.net/ar/library/|date=11 فبراير 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;, dadka waxey weydiin jireen su'aalaha ay u baahdaan, waxaana loo yaqiinay Muftiga Madiina ee waqtigiisa.

Waxaa ka wariyay xadiiska dad badan oo ka mid yihiin [[Saciid bin musayyib]], [[Cadaa bin abii rabaa]], muxamad bin mukandar iyo [[Xasan bisri|Xasan Al-bisri]]

=== Dhimashadiisa ===
Jaabir waxa uu ku dhintay [[Medina|Madiina]] [[78H]] asigoo jira 94 sano, wuxuuna ahaa inuu indho beelay waayihiisa dambe&lt;ref name=&quot;المزي5&quot;&gt;[http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?indexstartno=0&amp;hflag=1&amp;pid=644795&amp;bk_no=1857&amp;startno=7 تهذيب الكمال للمزي » جابر بن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بن عمرو بن حرام بن ثعلبة (5)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211173053/https://islamweb.net/ar/library/|date=11 فبراير 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;, waxaa ku tukaday [[Abaan bin Cusmaan bin Cafaan]] oo ahaa waaliga [[Medina|Madiina]] waqtigaas, waxaana lagu duugay [[Qabuuraha baqiic|qubuuraha baqiic]].

== Xigasho ==
[[Category:Saxaabada]]
[[Category:islaam]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Beesha Iidle Biciide</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abdirahman yaasin Cabdi</username>
        <id>46518</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ciyaartoyda iidle biciide  ________________________  • Abdirahman Yaasin Abdi | Abdirahman mamule |  • Adnan Yaasin ilkacase  • Abdiqani mohamed Rage | john |  Jamaal jama ahmed | jamal jr |  • madac</comment>
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      <text bytes="1261" sha1="hzn3mjfc2sf4d2jbf79ypv5d39whi6s" xml:space="preserve">'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;BEELWEYNTA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''


Beesha iidle Biciide (habarjeclo) waa beel degta guud ahaan gobolka Sanaag gaar ahaan degaanada ceerigaabo, Ceel Afweyn iyo Bixin. Sidaas oo kale beeshu waxa kasoo jeeda rag u soo halgamay qaranka aynu maanta ku naaloonayno. Beeshu waxa ay degtaa dhulka ugu istaraatiijisan gobolka Sanaag, kaas oo khudaarta kasoo baxda loo iibgeeyo degaanada Somalidu degto iyo kuwa jaarka ahba.

'''Jilibyada ay u kala baxdo beeshu''' 

;: &amp;bull; Iidle Biciide
::: &amp;bull; Cismaan iidle biciide
:::: &amp;bull; Cigaal Cismaan
:::: &amp;bull; Cali Cismaan
:: Ciyaartoyda iidle biciide
:: ________________________  •  Abdirahman Yaasin Abdi | Abdirahman mamule |  • Adnan Yaasin ilkacase  • Abdiqani mohamed Rage | john |  Jamaal jama ahmed | jamal jr |  • madac


'''Degaanada ay degto beeshu''' 

1 Ceergabo
2 Eilafweyn 
3 Bixin 
4 Garuble
5 Daralamood
6 Sufdheere
7 Karin Biyood
8 Dhabardalool
9 Biyo dhacay
10 Jed
11 Ixdad 


'''Dadka caanka ah beeshu leedahay''' 

# AHN Cismaan maxamed faarax (Hamashool)
# AHN jiifcaaqil cawl cabdulle nuur (AHN)
# AHN ismaaciil faarax (Dad qal)

4. AHN Axmed cabdulle Nuur (Naaga              laaye)

'''Mujaahidiinta S.N.M.'''

# General Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle Nuur (Fanax)</text>
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      <id>302512</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-15T15:46:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdirahman yaasin Cabdi</username>
        <id>46518</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ 𝗖𝗶𝘆𝗮𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗼𝘆𝗱𝗮 𝗶𝗶𝗱𝗹𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝗹𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗮𝗵𝗮𝘆 Abdirahman Yaasin Cabdi  • Adnan Yaasin Maxamuud Abdiqani mohamed Rage john Jamaal jama ahmed jamal jr •  Axmed Aadan Saalax madac</comment>
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      <text bytes="1417" sha1="sqcnoqszblyqdyni0fxup8rc79vhkgk" xml:space="preserve">'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;BEELWEYNTA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''


Beesha iidle Biciide (habarjeclo) waa beel degta guud ahaan gobolka Sanaag gaar ahaan degaanada ceerigaabo, Ceel Afweyn iyo Bixin. Sidaas oo kale beeshu waxa kasoo jeeda rag u soo halgamay qaranka aynu maanta ku naaloonayno. Beeshu waxa ay degtaa dhulka ugu istaraatiijisan gobolka Sanaag, kaas oo khudaarta kasoo baxda loo iibgeeyo degaanada Somalidu degto iyo kuwa jaarka ahba.

'''Jilibyada ay u kala baxdo beeshu''' 

;: &amp;bull; Iidle Biciide
::: &amp;bull; Cismaan iidle biciide
:::: &amp;bull; Cigaal Cismaan
:::: &amp;bull; Cali Cismaan
::
::
:: 𝗖𝗶𝘆𝗮𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗼𝘆𝗱𝗮 𝗶𝗶𝗱𝗹𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝗹𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗮𝗵𝗮𝘆 
::
:: • Abdirahman Yaasin Cabdi
:: • Adnan Yaasin Maxamuud. ilkacase  
:: • Abdiqani mohamed Rage  john 
:: •  Jamaal jama ahmed.  jamal jr 
:: • Ahmed Aadan Salah .madac


'''Degaanada ay degto beeshu''' 

1 Ceergabo
2 Eilafweyn 
3 Bixin 
4 Garuble
5 Daralamood
6 Sufdheere
7 Karin Biyood
8 Dhabardalool
9 Biyo dhacay
10 Jed
11 Ixdad  


'''Dadka caanka ah beeshu leedahay''' 

# AHN Cismaan maxamed faarax (Hamashool)
# AHN jiifcaaqil cawl cabdulle nuur (AHN)
# AHN ismaaciil faarax (Dad qal)

4. AHN Axmed cabdulle Nuur (Naaga              laaye)

5 .Yaasin Cabdi cabdulle Nuur ( maamule iskuul )

'''Mujaahidiinta S.N.M.'''

# General Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle Nuur (Fanax)</text>
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      <parentid>302512</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-39771-00</username>
        <id>46519</id>
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      <comment>Zax</comment>
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      <text bytes="583" sha1="1daslwhvekg62z5ji4fktar7jwm0y5a" xml:space="preserve">'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;BEELWEYNTA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''


Beesha iidle Biciide (habarjeclo) waa beel degta guud ahaan gobolka Sanaag gaar ahaan degaanada ceerigaabo, Ceel Afweyn iyo Bixin. Sidaas oo kale beeshu waxa kasoo jeeda rag u soo halgamay qaranka aynu maanta ku naaloonayno. Beeshu waxa ay degtaa dhulka ugu istaraatiijisan gobolka Sanaag, kaas oo khudaarta kasoo baxda loo iibgeeyo degaanada Somalidu degto iyo kuwa jaarka ahba.
;: &amp;bull; Iidle Biciide biciide
;:
::


'''Degaanada ay degto beeshu'''


'''Dadka caanka ah beeshu leeadahay'''

'''Mujaahidiinta S.N.M'''</text>
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    <title>Sheekhaal guudle</title>
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      <id>302514</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-15T19:08:11Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Cabaas Daahir Cabdulle</username>
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      <comment>/* Asalka iyo Taariikhda: */</comment>
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Sheekhaal Guudle waa farac ka tirsan beelaha Sheekhaal, oo iyaduna ka mid ah beelaha Soomaaliyeed.

=== Asalka iyo Taariikhda: ===

* Sheekhaal Guudle waxa ay kamid tahay beelaha Sheekhaal, kuwaas oo leh faracyo kala duwan sida: Sheekhaal Looboge, Sheekhaal Gendershe, Sheekhaal Aw Qudub,Sheekhaal jasiira,iwm.
* Guudle waa beel ka mid beelaha Sheekhaal ee ku abtirsado Faqi Cumar, waxayna deggaan gobolo ka mid ah gobolada Soomaaliya, sida:
** '''Shabeellaha Dhexe'''
** '''Shabeellaha Hoose'''
** '''Muqdisho'''
** Qaar ka mid ah gobollada Jubbooyinka iyo Bay/Bakool
** Abtirsiimada beesha
** Sheekhaal Maxamed faqi cumar faqi shams( qudbaale)caagane sacad daa'uud ciise axmed-diin waaceeye utureen cimaateen martiile hiraab daama gorgaarte hawiye irir samaale(soomaaliya)

=== Dhaqan iyo Diin: ===

* Sida beelaha kale, Sheekhaal-Guudle waa dad caan ku ah diinta Islaamka, waxaana jira culimo iyo wadaaddo kasoo jeeda beeshan.
* Sheekhaal Guudle waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen fidinta diinta iyo barbaarinta bulshada Soomaaliyeed ee xagga diinta.

=== Siyaasad iyo Bulsho: ===

* Beesha Sheekhaal Guudle waxay ka mid yihiin beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee door ka ciyaara arrimaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda,waxayna qeyb ka aheyd dhisida dowlad-goboleedka hirshabeelle,waxayna ku leedahey kursi ka mid ah kuraasta baarlamaanka iyo wasiir ka mid ah wasiirada xukuumada hirshabeelle.
* Qaar ka mid ah xubnaha beesha ayaa ka soo baxay xagga maamulka, waxbarashada,ganacsiga, iyo cilmiga beeraha.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Batariga korontada</title>
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      <text bytes="45174" sha1="n1p3obdmon67x1egf3kcy1sthvxh5qg" xml:space="preserve">'''Batariga korontada''' ama '''baatari''' ({{lang-en|Electric battery}};  waa qalab kaydiya tamarta kiimikaad ah kana beddela tamartaas koronto iyada oo loo marayo fal-celin kiimikaad. Waxay ka kooban tahay hal ama in ka badan unugyo koronto-kiimikaal ah, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay elektaroon togan, mid taban, iyo elektaroolayd fududeysa socodka &quot;ion&quot;-ada. dhabdhagaxa waa sanduuq yar oo tamar kaydsan ku jirto, kaasoo caawiya in alaabo sida taleefannada, alaabta lagu ciyaaro, iyo saacadaha ay shaqeeyaan. Gudaha dabdhagaxa / baatariiga waxaa ku jira walxo gaar ah oo tamar koronto sameeya marka si gaar ah la isugu xiro. Tamartan korontada ah ayaa ka dhigaysa alaabtaada inay iftiimiso, dhaqaaqdo, ama cod sameyso. Dabdhagaxa waa fududahay in meel walba lagula tago, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo aad waxtar u leh nolol maalmeedka.
{{Infobox electronic component
| name              = Batariga korontada
| image             = File:Batteries.jpg
| caption           = Noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada iyo bateriyada (kor bidix ilaa hoose midig): laba [[AA battery|AA]], hal [[D battery|D]], hal batari gacanta lagu qaato [[ham radio]], laba [[9-volt battery|9-volt]] (PP3), laba [[AAA battery|AAA]], hal [[C battery|C]], hal batari [[camcorder]], hal batari [[cordless phone]]
| type              = Firfircoon
| inventor          = [[Alessandro Volta]]
| invention_Year    = 1800
| pins              = Katood iyo Anood
| symbol            = [[File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (90).svg]]
}}

==Taariikhda==
===Hal-abuur===
[[File:Pila_di_Volta.jpg|thumb|Raso voltaic ah , batarigii ugu horreeyay]]
[[File:La_pile_de_Volta_(Le_Petit_journal).jpg|thumb|Fiisigiste talyaani ah Alessandro Volta oo tusaya tuulitaankiisa boqorkii Faransiiska Napoleon Bonaparte]]
Benjamin Franklin wuxuu markii ugu horeysay isticmaalay ereyga &quot;batteri&quot; 1749-kii markii uu samaynayey tijaabooyin koronto isagoo isticmaalaya qalab isku xiran oo Leyden ah .  Franklin waxa uu u ururiyay tiro dhalooyin ah waxa uu ku tilmaamay &quot;batteri&quot;, isaga oo isticmaalaya ereyga milatari ee hubka si wadajir ah u shaqaynaya. Marka la dhufto tirada weelasha lagu hayo, lacag ka xoog badan ayaa la kaydin karaa, waxaana la heli karaa awood dheeraad ah marka la sii daayo.
Fiisigiste talyaani ah Alessandro Volta ayaa dhisay oo sharaxay baytarigii ugu horeeyay ee korantada , raso voltaic , sanadkii 1800 . Volta ma fahmin in danabku ay sabab u tahay falcelinta kiimikada. Waxa uu u maleynayay in unugyadiisu ay yihiin ilo tamar ah oo aan la koobi karin, iyo in saameynta daxalka ee elektiroonigga ah ee la xidhiidha ay ahaayeen kuwo dhib badan, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen cawaaqib aan laga maarmi karin ee hawlgalkooda, sida Michael Faraday uu muujiyay 1834. 
In kasta oo baytariyadii hore ay qiimo weyn u lahaayeen ujeedooyinka tijaabada ah,       dhaqan ahaan tamartoodu way is bedbedeshay mana bixin karaan hadda weyn oo muddo joogto ah. Unugga Daniell , oo la ikhtiraacay 1836 kii farmashiistaha Ingiriiska John Frederic Daniell , wuxuu ahaa isha ugu horreysa ee wax ku oolka ah ee korontada , isagoo noqday halbeeg warshadeed wuxuuna arkay korsasho baahsan oo ah ilo koronto oo loogu talagalay shabakadaha telegaraafka korontada . Waxay ka koobnayd dheri naxaas ah oo ay ka buuxaan xalal sulfate naxaas ah , kaas oo lagu dhex shubay weel dhoobo ah oo aan muraayad lahayn oo ay ka buuxaan sulfuric acid iyo zinc electrode. 
Unugyadan qoyan waxay isticmaaleen dareere elektrolytes ah, kuwaas oo u nugul daadinta iyo daadinta haddii aan si sax ah loo qaban. Qaar badan ayaa isticmaalay dhalooyinka dhalooyinka si ay u qabtaan qaybahooda, taas oo ka dhigtay kuwo jilicsan oo khatar ah. Tilmaamahani waxay ka dhigeen unugyo qoyan oo aan ku habboonayn qalabka la qaadi karo. Ku dhowaad dhammaadkii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, abuurista baytariyada unugyada qalalan , kuwaas oo beddelay electrolyte dareere ah oo leh dhejis, waxay sameeyeen qalabka korantada ee la qaadi karo. 
Baytariyada ku jira tubbada vacuum waxay taariikh ahaan u isticmaali jireen unug qoyan batteriga &quot;A&quot; (si ay u bixiyaan tamarta filka) iyo unugga qallalan ee batteriga &quot;B&quot; (si loo bixiyo tamarta saxanka). 
===Horumarka socda===
Intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2018, baahida batteriga ayaa kor u kacday 30% sannadkii, taasoo gaadhay wadarta 180  GWh ee 2018. Ilaa hadda, heerka kobaca ayaa la filayaa in lagu sii hayo qiyaastii 25%, oo ku dhammaatay baahida 2600 GWh ee 2030. Intaa waxaa dheer, korodhka kharashka 3 ee dheeraadka ah ee GWh. 
Sababaha muhiimka ah ee heerkan sarreeya ee kobaca warshadaha baytariga korontada waxaa ka mid ah koronto-siinta gaadiidka, iyo daad-gureynta baaxadda leh ee xadhkaha korantada, oo ay taageerayaan dadaallada decarbonization . 
Batariyada korantada ee la qaybiyey, sida kuwa loo isticmaalo baabuurta korantada ee baytariga ( baabuur-ilaa-grid ) iyo kaydinta tamarta guriga oo leh mitirka smart iyo kuwa ku xidhan shabakadaha smart si looga jawaabo baahida ayaa ah ka qaybgalayaasha firfircoon ee shabakadaha sahayda tamarta smart.  Isticmaalka labaad ee baytariyada qayb ahaan dhammaatay waxay ku dari kartaa isticmaalka guud ee baytariyada korantada iyadoo la dhimayo kharashyada kaydinta tamarta iyo saamaynta sii deynta sababtoo ah nolosha adeegga oo dheer. Isticmaalkan, baytariyada korantada ee baabuurta ee awoodooda batari la dhimay in ka yar 80% (badanaa 5-8 sano oo adeega ah ka dib) ayaa dib loogu isticmaali karaa sahayda kaydinta ama nidaamyada kaydinta tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. 
Kaydinta tamarta miisaanka xad-dhaafka ah waxay saadaalisay isticmaalka baaxadda leh ee baytariyada si ay u ururiyaan oo ugu kaydiyaan tamarta shabkada ama warshadda korontada ka dibna u soo saaraan tamartaas wakhti dambe si ay u bixiyaan adeegyo koronto ama koronto kale marka loo baahdo. Kaydinta tamarta miisaanka xajmiyeedka (ama furaha furaha ama qaybsan) ayaa ah qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah xadhkaha sahayda tamarta caqliga leh. 
Isbeddelka Habboon ee Xisaabinta: Imaanshaha qaabaynta xisaabinta ayaa wax ka beddeshay naqshadaynta agabka baytariga, taas oo awood u siinaysa baadhista wax-soo-saarka sare iyo jilitaanka atomigga ee dardar-gelinaya helitaanka electrolytes-ka cusub iyo electrodes-ka, kana gudbaya hababka tijaabada-iyo-qallada ee dhaqanka. 
==Kiimikada iyo mabaadi'da==
[[File:ElectrochemCell.png|thumb|Unug voltaic ah oo ujeeddooyin mudaaharaad ah. Tusaalahan labada unug ee nuska ah waxa ku xidhan buundada milixda oo ogolaata wareejinta ions.]]
Baytariyadu waxay tamarta kiimikaad toos ugu beddelaan tamarta korantada . Xaalado badan, tamarta korantada ee la sii daayo ayaa ah farqiga u dhexeeya isku-xidhnaanta   ama tamarta curaarta ee biraha, oxides, ama molecules ee ku jira falcelinta elektiroonigga ah. Tusaale ahaan, tamarta waxaa lagu kaydin karaa Zn ama Li, kuwaas oo ah biraha tamarta sare leh sababtoo ah ma xasiliyaan isku-xidhka d-electron, si ka duwan biraha kala-guurka . Baytariyada waxaa loo qaabeeyey si falcelinta redox ee tamar ahaan wanaagsan ay u dhacdo kaliya marka elektaroonnada ay dhex maraan qaybta dibadda ee wareegga.
Batarigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay xoogaa unugyo voltaic ah . Unug kastaa waxa uu ka kooban yahay laba unug badhkiis oo si taxane ah ugu xidhan yahay korantada korantada oo ka kooban biro . Hal unug badh ah waxa ka mid ah electrolyte iyo electrode taban, electrode-ka ay anions (aan si xun loo dallaco) u haajiraan; unugga badhkii kale waxa ka mid ah elektrolytka iyo electrode-ka togan, kuwaas oo cations ( ion si togan loo dallaco ) u haajiraan. Cations waa la dhimay (electrons ayaa lagu daray) ee cathode, halka atamka biraha waa oksaydhized (electrons waa la saaray) ee anode ah. Unugyada qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan elektrolytooyin kala duwan unug kasta oo nus ah; ka dib kala-soocida ayaa loo isticmaalaa si looga hortago isku darka electrolytes iyada oo u oggolaanaysa ions inay ku qulqulaan inta u dhaxaysa unugyada nuska ah si loo dhamaystiro wareegga korantada.
Unug kasta oo nus ah waxa uu leeyahay awood koronto ( emf , lagu qiyaasay volts) marka loo eego heerka . Shabakadda emf-ka unugga ayaa ah faraqa u dhexeeya emfs unugyadiisa nuska ah. [ 20 ] Sidaa darteed, haddii electrodes ay leeyihiin emfs
E
1
{\ displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}_{1}}iyo
E
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{\ displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}_{2}}, ka dibna emf net waa
E
2
-
E
1
{\ displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}_{2}-{\mathcal {E}}_{1}}; Si kale haddii loo dhigo, emf-ka saafiga ah waa faraqa u dhexeeya awoodaha dhimista ee falcelinta nuska ah . 

Awoodda wadista korontada ama
∆
V
b
a
t
{\displaystyle \ displaystyle {\Delta V_{bat}}}guud ahaan terminaalka unuggu waxa loo yaqaan teerminal danab (farqiga) waxaana lagu cabbiraa volts . Tamarta tamarta ee unugga aan ku dallacayn ama daacin waxaa loo yaqaan danabka wareegga furan oo la siman emf unugga. Sababtoo ah iska caabin gudaha ah,  danabka terminal ee unugga soo daaya wuu ka yar yahay cabbirka korantada wareegga furan iyo tamarta korantada ee unugga ku dallacaya ayaa ka sarreeya tamarta wareegga furan.  Unug ku habboon ayaa leh iska caabin gudaha ah oo dayacan, sidaa darteed waxay ilaalin doontaa koronto joogto ah oo joogto ah
E
{\ displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}ilaa aad ka daalato, ka dibna u dhacayso eber. Haddii unugga noocaan ah uu sii hayo 1.5 volts oo uu soo saaro kharashka hal coulomb ka dib marka la sii daayo oo dhammaystiran wuxuu sameyn lahaa 1.5 joules oo shaqo ah. Unugyada dhabta ah, iska caabbinta gudaha ayaa kor u kaca marka la sii daayo iyo korantada wareegga furan ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigta hoos u dhigista. Haddii danabka iyo iska caabbinta loo qorsheeyey waqti ka hor, garaafyada ka dhasha caadi ahaan waa qalooc; qaabka qaloocadu wuu kala duwan yahay iyadoo loo eegayo kiimikada iyo habaynta gudaha ee la shaqaaleysiiyay.
Korontada laga sameeyay guud ahaan terminalka unuggu waxay ku xidhan tahay soo daynta tamarta falcelinta kiimikaad ee electrodes-ka iyo korantada . Unugyada alkaline iyo zinc-carbon waxay leeyihiin kiimiko kala duwan, laakiin qiyaastii emf isku mid ah oo ah 1.5 volts; sidoo kale unugyada NiCd iyo NiMH waxay leeyihiin kimistariyo kala duwan, laakiin qiyaastii emf isku mid ah oo ah 1.2 volts.  Isbeddelka suurtagalka ah ee korantada kiimikaad sare ee falcelinta xeryahooda lithium waxay siinayaan unugyada lithium emfs 3 volts ama ka badan.
Ku dhawaad ​​shay kasta oo dareere ah ama qoyan leh oo leh ion ku filan si uu koronto ahaan u maamulo wuxuu u adeegi karaa sida elektrolytka unugga. Muujinta ugub ama sayniska, waxaa suurtagal ah in la geliyo laba electrodes oo ka samaysan biro kala duwan liin ,  baradhada,  iwm oo ay dhaliyaan qadar yar oo koronto ah.
Tusmada Voltaic waxaa laga samayn karaa laba qadaadiic (sida nikkel iyo dinaar ) iyo tuwaal warqad ah oo lagu rusheeyey biyaha milixda ah . Tusmada noocan oo kale ah waxay dhalinaysaa danab aad u hooseeya laakiin, marka qaar badan oo isxigxiga ay isku xiran yihiin , waxay bedeli karaan baytariyada caadiga ah muddo gaaban
==Noocyada==
===Beteriyada aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa sare===
[[File:Batteries_comparison_4,5_D_C_AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_9V_CR2032_LR44_matchstick-vertical.jpeg|thumb|Kor ilaa hoos: batari weyn oo 4.5-volt 3R12 , unug D , unug C , unug AA ah , unug AAA ah , unug AAAA ah , batari A23 , batari PP3 9-volt ah , iyo laba unug badhano ah (CR2032 iyo LR44)]]
Baytariyada waxaa loo kala saaraa qaabab hoose iyo sare:
Baytariyada aasaasiga ah waxaa loogu talagalay in la isticmaalo ilaa inta ay tamartu ka dhamaato kadibna la tuuro. Falcelintooda kiimikaad guud ahaan dib looma celin karo, markaa dib looma dallaci karo. Marka sahayda reactants ee ku jirta batteriga ay dhamaato, batarigu waxa uu joogsadaa soo saarista hadda oo faa'iido ma leh. 
Baytariyada labaad waa la dallaci karaa; taas oo ah, waxay dib u rogi karaan fal-celintooda kiimikaad iyaga oo ku dhejinaya qulqulka tamarta unugga. Tani waxay dib u soo noolaynaysaa fal-celiyeyaasha kiimikaad ee asalka ahaa, si loo isticmaalo, dib loo dallaci karo, loona isticmaali karo mar kale dhowr jeer. 
Qaar ka mid ah noocyada baytariyada aasaasiga ah ee loo isticmaalo, tusaale ahaan, wareegyada telegaraafka , ayaa dib loogu soo celiyay shaqada iyada oo la beddelayo korantada. Baytariyada labaad maaha kuwo si aan xad lahayn loo dallaci karo sababtoo ah kala-baxa walxaha firfircoon, luminta elektrolytka iyo daxalka gudaha.
Baytariyada aasaasiga ah, ama unugyada asaasiga ah , waxay soo saari karaan hadda marka la isku yimaado. Kuwan waxaa inta badan lagu isticmaalaa aaladaha la qaadi karo ee leh biyo-mareenka hadda socda, waxaa loo istcimaalaa oo kaliya si teel-teel ah, ama si fiican loo isticmaalo ilo kale oo koronto ah, sida alaarmiga iyo wareegyada isgaarsiineed halkaas oo quwadda kale ee korontadu ay tahay mid si teel-teel ah loo heli karo. Unugyada aasaasiga ah ee la tuuri karo dib looma dallaci karo si la isku halleyn karo, maadaama falcelinta kiimikaad aysan si sahal ah loo beddeli karin, agabka firfircoonina kuma soo laaban karo qaabkoodii asalka ahaa. Soosaarayaasha baytarigu waxay ku talinayaan in aan la isku dayin in ay dib u buuxiyaan unugyada aasaasiga ah. Guud ahaan, kuwani waxay leeyihiin cufnaanta tamarta sare marka loo eego baytariyada dib loo buuxin karo,  laakiin baytariyada la tuuri karo si fiican uguma socdaan codsiyada dareeraha sare leh ee ka hooseeya 75 ohms (75 Ω). Noocyada caadiga ah ee baytariyada la tuuri karo waxaa ka mid ah baytariyada zinc-carbon iyo baytariyada alkaline .
Beteriyada labaad, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano unugyo sare , ama baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo , waa in lagu dalaco kahor isticmaalka koowaad; inta badan waxaa lagu soo ururiyaa qalab firfircoon oo ku jira gobolka la sii daayay. Baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo waxaa lagu dallacay iyadoo la isticmaalayo koronto, taasoo beddesha falcelinta kiimikaad ee dhaca inta lagu jiro sii daynta/isticmaalka. Aaladaha siinaya wakhtiga ku haboon waxa loo yaqaan chargers. Nooca ugu da'da weyn ee baytariga dib loo dallaci karo waa baytari-asiidh-ashitada , kaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo codsiyada baabuurta iyo doomaha . Farsamadan waxay ka kooban tahay dareere elektrolyte ah oo ku jira weel aan la xirin, una baahan in batteriga lagu hayo mid toosan oo aagga si wanaagsan loo hawo si loo hubiyo in si badbaado leh loo kala firdhiyo gaasta hydrogen ee ay soo saarto inta lagu jiro dallacaadda xad dhaafka ah . Bateriga rasaasta-ashitada ayaa aad ugu culus cadadka tamarta korantada ee uu bixin karo. Kharashkeeda wax soo saar ee hooseeya iyo heerarkeeda sare u kaca ee hadda ayaa ka dhigaya mid caadi ah halka awooddeeda (in ka badan ku dhawaad ​​10 Ah) ay aad uga muhiimsan tahay arrimaha miisaanka iyo maaraynta. Codsiga caadiga ah waa batteriga casriga ah ee baabuurta , kaas oo guud ahaan, keeni kara xawaaraha ugu sarreeya ee 450 amperes .
===Halabuurka===
[[File:Dry_cell_(PSF).png|thumb|Sawirka xariijinta ee unugga qallalan: 1. Koofi naxaas ah, 2. shaabad caag ah, 3. meel ballaadhineed, 4. kartoonno dalool ah, 5. zinc can, 6. Usha kaarboon, 7. isku dhafka kiimikada]]
Noocyo badan oo unugyo kiimiko ah ayaa la soo saaray, oo leh habab kiimiko oo kala duwan iyo naqshado, oo ay ku jiraan unugyo galvanic , unugyo elektrolytic ah , unugyo shidaal , unugyo qulqulaya iyo tuulmooyin voltaic ah. 
Batteriga unugga qoyan wuxuu leeyahay korontoley dareere ah . Magacyada kale waa unug daadad ah , maadaama dareeruhu uu daboolayo dhammaan qaybaha gudaha ama unugga hawada laga sii daayo , maaddaama gaasaska la soo saaro inta lagu jiro hawlgalka ay u baxsan karaan hawada. Unugyada qoyan waxay horudhac u ahaayeen unugyada qalalan waxaana caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa sidii qalab waxbarasho oo loogu talagalay korantada . Waxaa lagu dhisi karaa sahayda shaybaadhka caadiga ah, sida beaker , si loo muujiyo sida unugyada korantada u shaqeeyaan. Nooc gaar ah oo ka mid ah unugga qoyan ee loo yaqaanno unugga fiirsashada ayaa muhiim u ah fahamka daxalka . Unugyada qoyan waxay noqon karaan unugyo asaasiga ah (aan dib la dallaci karin) ama unugyo sare (dib-u-cusbooneysii). Asal ahaan, dhammaan baytariyada aasaasiga ah ee la taaban karo sida unugga Daniell waxa loo dhisay unug qoyan oo dhalo ah oo korka furan. Unugyada kale ee qoyan waa unugga Leclanche , unugga Grove , unugga Bunsen , unugga chromic acid , unugga Clark , iyo unugga Weston . Kiimikada unugga Leclanche waxaa lagu habeeyey unugyadii ugu horreeyay ee qallalan. Unugyada qoyan ayaa weli loo isticmaalaa baytariyada baabuurta iyo warshadaha si ay u helaan awoodda heeganka ah ee qalabka beddelka , isgaarsiinta ama sahay koronto oo waaweyn oo aan kala go' lahayn , laakiin meelo badan baytariyada unugyada jelka ayaa la isticmaalay. Codsiyadani waxay caadi ahaan adeegsadaan unugyada rasaasta-ashitada ama nikkel-cadmium . Batariyada milixda dhalaalay waa baytariyada aasaasiga ah ama kuwa sare ee u isticmaala milix dhalaalaysa sidii elektrolyte ahaan. Waxay ku shaqeeyaan heerkul sare waana inay ahaadaan kuwo si fiican u dahaaran si uu kulaylka u ilaaliyo.
Unug qallalan ayaa isticmaala koollada koolada, oo leh qoyaan ku filan oo keliya si uu hadda u socdo. Si ka duwan unugga qoyan, unugga qallalan wuxuu ku shaqeyn karaa jihada kasta isagoon daadan, maadaama aysan ku jirin dareere bilaash ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon qalabka la qaadi karo. Marka la barbardhigo, unugyadii ugu horreeyay ee qoyan waxay caadi ahaan ahaayeen weel jilicsan oo dhalo ah oo leh ulaha rasaasta ee ka soo laadlaadsan xagga sare ee furan waxayna u baahdeen maarayn taxaddar leh si looga fogaado daadinta. baytariyada lead-ashitada ma aysan gaarin badbaadada iyo qaadida unugga qallalan ilaa laga soo saarayo baytariga jel . Unug qalalan oo caadi ah waa batari zinc-kaarboon ah , mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan unugga qallalan ee Leclanché , oo leh danab magaceedu yahay 1.5 volts , oo la mid ah baytariga alkaline (maadaama ay labaduba isticmaalaan isku dhafka zinc - manganese dioxide ). Unugga qallalan ee caadiga ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay zinc anode, badanaa qaab dheri cylindrical ah, oo leh cathode kaarboon oo qaab usha dhexe ah. Electrolyte-ku waa ammonium chloride qaab koollo ah oo ku xiga zinc anode. Meesha soo hartay ee u dhaxaysa electrolyte iyo cathode kaarboon waxaa lagu qaadaa koollo labaad oo ka kooban ammonium chloride iyo manganese dioxide, kan dambe wuxuu u dhaqmayaa sidii depolariser . Naqshadayaasha qaarkood, ammonium chloride waxaa lagu beddelay zinc chloride .
Baytariga kaydka ah waxa lagu kaydin karaa iyada oo aan la soo ururin (aan shaqayn oo aan bixin wax koronto ah) muddo dheer (laga yaabee sanado). Marka batteriga loo baahan yahay, ka dibna waa la ururiyaa (tusaale, iyadoo lagu darayo electrolyte); Marka la isku keeno, batteriga waa la dalacayaa oo diyaar u ah inuu shaqeeyo. Tusaale ahaan, baytariga fuuska madaafiicda elegtarooniga ah waxa laga yaabaa in uu kiciyo saamaynta qoriga rididda. Dardargelintu waxay jebisaa kaabsulka elektrolytka kaaso dhaqaajiya baytariga oo awood u yeesha wareegyada fuze-ga. Batariyada kaydka ah waxaa badanaa loogu talagalay nolol adeeg gaaban (ilbiriqsi ama daqiiqado) kaydinta dheer ka dib (sanado). Baytariga biyaha ku shaqeeya ee aaladaha oceanographic ama codsiyada militariga wuxuu noqdaa mid firfircoon marka la geliyo biyaha.
On 28 February 2017, Jaamacadda Texas ee Austin ayaa soo saartay war-saxaafadeed ku saabsan nooc cusub oo batari adag-state ah , oo ay sameeyeen koox ay hogaaminayaan hal-abuuraha batari lithium-ion John Goodenough , &quot;taasi waxay u horseedi kartaa badbaado, dhaqso-dallaca, baytariyada dib-u-cusboonaynta dheer ee qalabka gacanta, baabuurta korontada iyo kaydinta tamarta taagan&quot;.  Batteriga adag ee gobolka ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay inuu leeyahay &quot;saddex jeer cufnaanta tamarta&quot;, kordhinta nolosheeda waxtarka leh ee baabuurta korontada, tusaale ahaan. Sidoo kale waa in ay ahaataa mid deegaan ahaan dhawaqeeda maadaama ay tignoolajiyadu adeegsato wax aan qaali ahayn, agabka dhulka u fiican sida soodiyamka laga soo saaro biyaha badda. Waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin nolol aad u dheer. 
Sony waxay samaysay baytari bayooloji ah oo koronto ka soo saara sonkorta si la mid ah hababka lagu arkay noolaha. Batarigu waxa uu koronto ka dhaliyaa isticmaalka enzymes-ka jebiya karbohaydraytyada. 
Battery-ga acid-ashitada lagu maamulo waalka xiran (VRLA baturi) ayaa caan ka ah warshadaha baabuurta si uu u beddelo unugga qoyan ee asiidhka. Batteriga VRLA wuxuu isticmaalaa korantada sulfuric acid ee aan dhaqdhaqaaq lahayn , taasoo yaraynaysa fursada daadinta iyo kordhinta nolosha shelf .  Baytariyada VRLA waxay dejiyaan korantada. Labada nooc waa:
Baytariyada jel (ama &quot;cell cell&quot;) waxay isticmaalaan koronto-dhal adag.
Batariyada Muraayadaha La nuugo (AGM) waxay nuugaan elektrolytka ee matting fiberglass gaar ah.
Beteriyada kale ee la qaadi karo ee dib loo buuxin karo waxaa ka mid ah dhowr nooc oo &quot;unug qalalan&quot; oo xiran, kuwaas oo faa'iido u leh codsiyada sida telefoonnada gacanta iyo kombiyuutarada laptop-ka . Unugyada noocaan ah (sida ay u kordhayaan cufnaanta awoodda iyo qiimaha) waxaa ka mid ah nikkel-cadmium (NiCd), nikkel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), iyo unugyada lithium-ion (Li-ion). Li-ion ayaa ilaa hadda leh saamiga ugu sarreeya ee suuqa unugyada qalalan ee dib loo dallaci karo. NiMH waxay ku bedeshay NiCd codsiyada badankooda sababtoo ah awooddeeda sare, laakiin NiCd ayaa weli ku jirta isticmaalka aaladaha korantada , raadiyaha laba-geesoodka ah , iyo qalabka caafimaadka .
In 2000s, horumarinta waxaa ka mid ah baytariyada leh qalabka elektarooniga ah sida USBCELL , kaas oo u ogolaanaya in ay ku dallaca batari AA dhex xiriiriyaha USB ah, baytariyada nanoball u ogolaanaya in heerka dheecaan ah oo ku saabsan 100x ka weyn baytariyada hadda, iyo batteriga smart xirmooyinka gobolka-of-lacag iyo wareegyada ilaalinta batteriga ka hortagtaa waxyeellada on-dejinta. Hoos-u-soo-dejinta (LSD) waxay ogolaataa unugyada sare in lagu dalaco ka hor intaan la dhoofin.
Baytariyada Lithium-sulfur ayaa loo adeegsaday duulimaadka ugu dheer uguna sareeya ee tamarta qoraxda. 
===Darajooyinka macaamiisha iyo warshadaha===
Beteriyada nooc kasta ah waxa lagu soo saaray heerarka macmiisha iyo warshadaha. Beteriyada heerka warshadaha qaaliga ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay adeegsadaan kiimikooyin bixiya saamiga awood-ilaa-xajmiga sare, leh is-daynta hoose iyo markaa cimriga dheer marka aan la isticmaalin, adkaysi badan u leh daadinta iyo, tusaale ahaan, awoodda lagu xakameynayo heerkulka sare iyo qoyaanka la xidhiidha jeermiska autoclave caafimaad. 
===Isku-dhafka iyo maamulka===
Baytariyada qaabka caadiga ah waxaa la geliya bateriga haya qalabka isticmaala. Marka qalabku aanu isticmaalin baytariyada caadiga ah, waxa sida caadiga ah lagu daraa xidhmo batari caado u ah kaas oo haya baytariyo badan marka lagu daro sifooyinka ay ka midka yihiin nidaamka maaraynta baytariga iyo go'doominta baytari kaas oo hubiya in baytariyada ku dhex jira la dalacay oo si siman loo sii daayay.
===Cabbirrada===
Baytariyada aasaasiga ah ee ay heli karaan macaamiishu waxay isugu jiraan unugyo yar yar oo badhanka loo isticmaalo saacadaha korontada, ilaa unugga 6 ee loo isticmaalo wareegyada signalada ama codsiyada kale ee mudada dheer. Unugyada sare waxaa lagu sameeyaa qiyaaso aad u weyn; baytariyada aadka u waaweyn ayaa awood u siin kara badda hoosteeda ama waxay dejin karaan shabkada korantada waxayna caawin karaan in la saaro culayska ugu sarreeya.
Laga bilaabo 2017 , batteriga adduunka ugu weyn waxaa Koonfurta Australia ka dhisay Tesla . Waxay kaydin kartaa 129 MWh.           Batari ku yaala Gobolka Hebei ee dalka Shiinaha, kaas oo kaydin kara 36 MWh oo koronto ah ayaa la dhisay sanadkii 2013-kii, waxaana ku baxday lacag dhan $500 milyan. Batari kale oo weyn, oo ka kooban unugyo Ni-Cd , ayaa ku yaal Fairbanks, Alaska . Waxay dabooshay 2,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran (22,000 sq ft) — ka weyn garoon kubbadda cagta—oo culeyskeedu dhan yahay 1,300 oo tan. Waxaa soo saaray ABB si ay u bixiso awood kayd ah haddii ay dhacdo madow. Batarigu wuxuu ku siin karaa 40 MW oo koronto ah ilaa toddobo daqiiqo.     Batariyada Sodium-sulfur ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu kaydiyo tamarta dabaysha .  Nidaamka batteriga 4.4 MWh kaas oo keeni kara 11 MW 25 daqiiqo ayaa dejinaya wax soo saarka beerta dabaysha ee Auwahi ee Hawaii.
==Waxqabadka, kartida iyo ka saarista==
[[File:Battery_checker.jpg|thumb|Qalab lagu hubiyo danab batari]]
Sifooyinka batteriga ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku kala duwanaadaan wareegga rarka, wareegga kharashka , iyo cimriga oo dhan sababo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin kiimikada gudaha, qulqulka hadda jira , iyo heerkulka. Heerkulka hoose, batarigu ma bixin karo awood intaa le'eg. Sidan oo kale, cimilada qabow, qaar ka mid ah milkiilayaasha baabuurta waxay ku rakibaan kulayliyeyaasha baytariyada, kuwaas oo ah qalab yar oo kuleyl ah oo koronto ah oo ka ilaaliya batteriga baabuurka.
Awooda baytarigu waa xadiga xadiga korantada ee uu ku keeni karo danab aan hoos uga dhicin danabkii la cayimay. Walxaha korantada ee unugga ku jira oo badan ayaa sii kordhinaya awooddeeda. Unug yar ayaa ka awood yar unug weyn oo isku kiimiko ah, in kasta oo ay yeeshaan koronto isku mid ah oo wareeg ah.       Awoodda waxaa badanaa lagu sheegaa saacadaha ampere-hours (A·h) (mAh ee baytariyada yaryar). Awoodda lagu qiimeeyay batteriga waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa sida badeecadda 20 saacadood lagu dhufto hadda oo batteriga cusub uu si joogto ah u bixin karo 20 saacadood 20 ° C (68 ° F), isagoo ka sarreeya korantada terminal cayiman ee unug kasta. Tusaale ahaan, baytariga lagu qiimeeyay 100 Ah wuxuu keeni karaa 5 A in ka badan 20 saacadood heerkulka qolka . Jajabka kharashka kaydsan ee uu batarigu keeni karo waxay ku xidhan tahay dhawr arrimood, oo ay ku jiraan kimistariga batteriga, heerka lagu soo dallacay (hadda), danabka terminalka ee loo baahan yahay, wakhtiga kaydinta, heerkulka deegaanka iyo arrimo kale.
Markasta oo uu sarreeyo heerka dheecaanka, ayaa hoos u dhacaya awoodda.   Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya wakhtigan xaadirka ah, wakhtiga sii daynta iyo awooda baytari aashitada rasaasta waxa lagu qiyaasaa (in ka badan inta caadiga ah ee qiimaha hadda) sharciga Peukert :
Baytariyada la dallacay (la dallaci karo ama la tuuri karo) waxay luminayaan kharashka is-daajin gudaha ah muddo ka dib in kasta oo aan la sii dayn, sababtoo ah joogitaanka guud ahaan falcelinno dhinac ah oo aan laga noqon karin oo cuna xajiyeyaasha iyada oo aan soo saarin hadda. Heerka is-daajintu waxay ku xiran tahay kimistariga batteriga iyo dhismaha, caadi ahaan bilo ilaa sanado khasaare weyn. Marka baytariyada dib loo dallaco, falcelinta dhinaca kale ee dheeraadka ah waxay yaraynaysaa awooda sii daynta danbe. Dib u dallacis ku filan ka dib, nuxur ahaan awooda oo dhan way luminaysaa oo batarigu wuxuu joogsadaa soo saarista awooda. Khasaaraha tamarta gudaha iyo xaddidnaanta heerka ions ay soo maraan elektrolytka ayaa sababa in waxtarka batteriga uu kala duwanaado. Ka sarreeya heerka ugu hooseeya, ku dallaynta heerka hoose waxay keenaysaa in ka badan awoodda batteriga marka loo eego heer ka sarreeya. Ku rakibida baytariyada leh qiimaynta A·h ee kala duwan waxay beddeshaa wakhtiga shaqada, laakiin ma aha hawlgalka aaladda ilaa xadka rarka la dhaafo. Culayska dareeraha badan sida kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah ayaa yarayn kara guud ahaan awoodda baytariyada dib la buuxin karo ama la tuuri karo. Tusaale ahaan, baytariga lagu qiimeeyay 2 Ah ee dareeraha 10- ama 20-saac ma sii jiri doono hadda 1 A ilaa laba saacadood oo buuxa sida awoodiisa lagu sheegay.
C-qiimuhu waa cabbirka heerka batteriga lagu dallacay ama lagu sii daayay. Waxaa lagu qeexaa sida hadda ku dhex jira batteriga oo loo qaybiyay sawirka hadda jira ee batterigu uu ku keeno awoodiisa lagu qiimeeyay hal saac gudaheed. Waxay leedahay halbeegyada h -1 . Sababtoo ah luminta iska caabbinta gudaha iyo hababka kiimikaad ee gudaha unugyada, batteriga marar dhif ah ayuu keenaa awoodda lagu qiimeeyay magaca hal saac gudaheed. Caadi ahaan, awoodda ugu badan waxaa laga helaa heer hoose oo C, iyo ku dallacaadda ama ku shubista heerka sare ee C waxay yaraynaysaa nolosha la isticmaali karo iyo awoodda batteriga. Soo-saareyaashu waxay inta badan daabacaan xaashida xogta oo leh garaafyo muujinaya karti iyo qaloocyada heerka C. C-rate waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa qiimayn ahaan baytariyada si loo muujiyo wakhtiga ugu badan ee uu batarigu si badbaado leh ugu gudbin karo wareegga. Heerarka baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo guud ahaan waxay qiimeeyaan awoodda iyo dallacaadaha wareegyada 4-saac (0.25C), 8 saac (0.125C) ama wakhtiga sii daynta ka badan. Noocyada loogu talagalay ujeedooyin gaar ah, sida kombuyuutar koronto aan kala goyn karin , waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku qiimeeyaan soosaarayaasha waqtiyada sii deynta wax ka yar hal saac (1C) laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa inay la kulmaan nolol wareeg ah oo xaddidan.
Sannadkii 2009-kii tijaabada lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO
4) Tiknoolajiyada baytarigu waxay bixisay dallacaadda ugu dhaqsaha badan iyo gaarsiinta tamarta, iyadoo ku shubaysa tamarteeda oo dhan 10 ilaa 20 ilbiriqsi gudahood.  Sannadkii 2024 batari nooca baabuurta korantada ah oo ka qaadi kara 10% ilaa 80% shan daqiiqo gudahood ayaa la soo bandhigay,   iyo shirkad Shiineys ah ayaa sheegtay in baytariyada baabuurta ee ay soo bandhigtay ay ku dallaceen 10% ilaa 80% 10.5 daqiiqo - baytariyada ugu dhaqsaha badan ee la heli karo -marka loo eego Tesla's -15.
==Cimriga iyo dulqaadka==
[[File:2011-04-04_18-35-26_267.jpg|thumb|Kaamirada analooga ah lithium ion baytari]]
Nolosha batteriga (ama nolosha) waxay leedahay laba macne oo baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo laakiin mid keliya ayaa loogu talagalay kuwa aan la dallaci karin. Waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu qeexo dhererka wakhtiga uu qalabku ku shaqayn karo batari si buuxda u dallacay—tani waxa kale oo si aan mugdi lahayn loogu yeedhaa &quot;dulqaad&quot;.  Batariga dib loo dallaci karo waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa tirada wareegyada lacag-qaadista/soo-dejinta ee suurtogalka ah ka hor inta unugyadu ay ku guul darraystaan ​​inay u shaqeeyaan si ku qanacsan - tani sidoo kale waxaa loogu yeeraa &quot;mustaqbalka&quot;. Erayga nolosha shelf waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qeexo inta uu batarigu sii hayn doono waxqabadkiisa inta u dhaxaysa soo saarista iyo isticmaalka. Awoodda la heli karo ee dhammaan baytariyadu waxay hoos u dhacaan heerkulka hoos u dhaca. Si ka duwan inta badan baytariyada maanta, Tusmada Zamboni , oo la allifay 1812, waxay bixisaa nolol aad u dheer oo adeeg ah iyada oo aan dib-u-habayn ama dib-u-dajin, inkastoo ay keeni karto wax aad u yar hadda (nanoamps). The Oxford Electric Bell waxa uu si joogto ah u soo wacayay ilaa 1840-kii labadiisii ​​baytari ee asalka ahaa, oo loo malaynayay in ay yihiin batariyada Zamboni. 
Baytariyada la tuuri karo waxay caadi ahaan lumiyaan 8-20% khidmadoodii asalka ahayd sanadkii marka lagu kaydiyo heerkulka qolka (20-30 °C).   Tan waxaa loo yaqaan heerka &quot;is-soo-dejinta&quot;, waxaana sabab u ah fal-celinta kiimikada &quot;dhinaca&quot; ee aan hadda-soo-saarka lahayn ee ka dhaca unugga dhexdiisa xitaa marka aan culeys la saarin. Heerarka falcelinta dhinacyadu waa la dhimay baytariyada lagu kaydiyo heerkulka hoose, inkasta oo qaarkood ay waxyeeloobi karaan marka la qaboojiyo iyo ku kaydinta talaajadu si macno leh uma sii dheerayn doonto cimriga shelf waxayna khatar gelinaysaa uumiga. Baytariyadii hore ee dib-u-jallaabi kara ayaa iskood u soo daaya si ka dhaqso badan baytariyada alkaline ee la tuuri karo, gaar ahaan baytariyada nikkel-ku-salaysan; Batari cusub oo nikkel cadmium (NiCd) ah ayaa luminaya 10% kharashkiisa 24-ka saacadood ee ugu horreeya, ka dibna wuxuu sii daayaa qiyaastii 10% bishii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baytariyada nikkel-birta hydride (NiMH) ee cusub iyo naqshadaha lithium-ka casriga ah waxay muujinayaan heerka is-soo-dejinta hoose (laakiin weli wuu ka sarreeyaa baytariyada aasaasiga ah).
Walxaha firfircoon ee taarikada batteriga waxay beddelaan isku dhafka kiimikaad ee kharash kasta iyo wareegga dheecaanka; Walxaha firfircooni waxay lumin karaan isbeddellada jirka ee mugga, taasoo sii xaddidaysa tirada jeer ee batteriga dib loo dallaci karo. Inta badan baytariyada nikkel-ku-salaysan qayb ahaan waa la sii daayaa marka la iibsado, waana in lagu dalaco ka hor intaan la isticmaalin.  Baytariyada NiMH ee cusub waxay diyaar u yihiin in la isticmaalo marka la iibsado, waxayna leeyihiin kaliya 15% sii daynta sanad gudihii. 
Qaar ka mid ah xumaanta waxay ku dhacdaa kharash kasta - wareegga daadinta. Burburinta badanaa waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah elektrolytku wuu ka guuraa elektirootooyinka ama sababtoo ah walxaha firfircooni waxay ka go'aan electrodes-ka. Beteriyada NiMH ee awoodda hooseeya (1,700–2,000 mA·h) waxaa lagu dallaci karaa 1,000 jeer, halka awoodda sare ee NiMH baytariyada (oo ka sarreeya 2,500 mA·h) ay socdaan ilaa 500 wareeg. Batariyada NiCd waxay u muuqdaan in lagu qiimeeyay wareegyada 1,000 ka hor inta aan caabbinta guduhu si joogto ah u kordhin qiimaha la isticmaali karo. Dallacaadda degdegga ah waxay kordhisaa isbeddelada qaybaha, waxay gaabinaysaa cimriga batteriga. Haddii dallayuhu aanu ogaan karin marka batteriga si buuxda loo dallaco ka dib waxa ay u badan tahay in dallad xad-dhaaf ah ay waxyeello u geysato. 
Unugyada NiCd, haddii loo isticmaalo hab gaar ah oo soo noqnoqonaya, waxa laga yaabaa inay muujiyaan hoos u dhac xagga awoodda ah oo loo yaqaan &quot; saamaynta xusuusta &quot;.  Saamaynta waxaa looga fogaan karaa dhaqamada fudud. Unugyada NiMH, in kasta oo ay la mid yihiin kimistariga, waxay la il daran yihiin saamaynta xusuusta. 
Batariyada rasaasta-asiidhka ah ee baabuurta lagu shubo waa inay u adkeystaan ​​walbahaarka sababtoo ah gariirka, shoogga, iyo kala duwanaanta heerkulka. Culaysyadan iyo sulfation- ka taargooyinkooda rasaasta awgeed, baytariyada baabuurta yar ayaa dhaafa lix sano oo si joogto ah loo isticmaalo. Bilawga baabuurta ( SLI : Bilawga, Iftiinka, Ignition ) baytariyadu waxay leeyihiin taargooyin dhuuban oo badan si ay u kordhiyaan hadda. Guud ahaan, taargooyinka dhumucdiisuna waxay sii dheeraanaysaa nolosha. Caadi ahaan waxyar ayaa laga sii daayaa ka hor intaysan dib u dallacin. Beteriyada &quot;lead-acid&quot; ee &quot;lead-acid&quot; sida kuwa loo isticmaalo gawaarida kubbadda korantada waxay leeyihiin taargooyin ka dhumuc weyn si ay u kordhiyaan cimriga dheer. Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee baytari-ashitada rasaastu waa qiimihiisu yar yahay; cilladaheeda ugu waaweyn waa cabbirka iyo culeyska awoodda iyo tamarta la siiyay. Baytariyada sunta rasaasta-ashitada waligood waa inaan lagu sii dayn inay ka hooseeyaan 20% awoodooda, sababtoo ah iska caabbinta gudaha waxay sababi doontaa kulayl iyo dhaawac marka dib loo buuxiyo. Nidaamyada acid-asiidh-wareega-qoto-dheer waxay inta badan adeegsadaan nalka digniinta hoose ama dab-damiye koronto yar-yar si looga hortago nooca dhaawaca soo gaabin doona nolosha batteriga. 
Nolosha batteriga waxaa lagu kordhin karaa iyadoo lagu kaydinayo baytariyada heerkul hoose, sida qaboojiyaha ama qaboojiyaha , kaas oo hoos u dhigaya falcelinta dhinaca. Kaydinta noocan oo kale ah waxay kordhin kartaa nolosha baytariyada alkaline qiyaastii 5%; baytariyada dib loo buuxin karaa waxay hayn karaan kharashkooda in ka badan, iyadoo ku xidhan nooca.  Si loo gaaro danabkooda ugu badan, baytariyada waa in lagu celiyaa heerkulka qolka; Ku shubista baytari alkaline ah 250 mA at 0 °C waa kala badh oo kaliya sida ugu waxtarka badan 20 °C. Soosaarayaasha baytariyada alkaline sida Duracell kuma talinayaan in baytariyada qaboojiyaan.
==Khataraha==
[[File:BATTERY_EXPLOSION_IN_TEST_CELL_-_NARA_-_17443202.jpg|thumb|Battery qaraxa ka dibBattery qaraxa ka dib]]
Qarxinta baytariga guud ahaan waxaa sababa si xun u isticmaalka ama cilladda, sida isku dayga in dib loo dalacsiiyo bateriga aasaasiga ah (aan dib loo dallaci karin), ama wareeg gaaban .
Marka batteriga lagu dallaco si xad dhaaf ah, gaaska qarxa ee isku dhafka hydrogen iyo ogsijiinta ayaa laga yaabaa in loo soo saaro si ka dhaqso badan inta uu ka baxsan karo batteriga dhexdiisa (tusaale hawo ku dhex jirta), taasoo keenta cadaadis kor u kaca iyo ugu dambeyntii inuu dillaaco kiiska batteriga. Xaalado aad u daran, kiimikooyinka baytariga ayaa laga yaabaa inay si xoog leh uga buufiyaan daboolka oo ay dhaawac u geystaan. Khubarada oo soo koobaya dhibaatada ayaa tilmaamaysa in noocani uu isticmaalo &quot;electrolytes dareere ah si loogu qaado ion lithium inta u dhaxaysa anode iyo cathode. Haddii unugga baytari si degdeg ah loo dallaco, waxay keeni kartaa wareeg gaaban, taasoo keenta qaraxyo iyo dab&quot;.   Batariyada baabuurtu waxay u badan tahay inay qarxaan marka wareegga gaaban uu dhaliyo qulqulo aad u weyn. Baytariyada noocan oo kale ah waxay soo saaraan hydrogen , taas oo ah mid aad u qarxa, marka ay ku badan yihiin (sababtoo ah electrolysis ee biyaha ku jira electrolyte). Inta lagu jiro isticmaalka caadiga ah, qadarka xad-dhaafka ah inta badan waa mid aad u yar oo soo saara hydrogen yar, kaas oo si degdeg ah u baabi'iya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka aad &quot;boodeyso&quot; baabuurka, xawaaraha sare wuxuu keeni karaa in si degdeg ah loo sii daayo mug badan oo hydrogen ah, kaas oo lagu shidi karo si qarax ah dhinbiil u dhow, tusaale ahaan marka la jarayo fiilada boodboodka .
Dallacaadda xad-dhaafka ah (isku dayga in lagu dallaco baytari ka baxsan awoodda korantada) waxa kale oo ay keeni kartaa qarax batari, marka lagu daro daadinta ama burbur aan laga soo kaban karin. Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inay waxyeelo u geysato dabaysha ama qalabka kaas oo hadhow lagu isticmaalo baytariga xad dhaafka ah.
Ku tuurida baytariga gubida waxay sababi kartaa qarax maadaama uumi ku soo ururayo kiis xidhan.
[[File:LeakedBattery_2701a.jpg|thumb|Leak -khasaare baytari alkaline ah]]
Kiimikooyin badan oo baytariyadu waa daxal, sun ama labadaba. Haddii dheecaanku dhaco, si kedis ah ama shil, kiimikooyinka la sii daayo waxay noqon karaan khatar. Tusaale ahaan, baytariyada la tuuri karo waxay inta badan isticmaalaan &quot;zinc&quot; labadaba sidii fal-celiyeyaasha iyo sida weelka si ay u qabtaan reagents kale. Haddii batteriga noocaan ah uu si xad dhaaf ah u sii daayo, reagents-yadu waxay ka soo bixi karaan kartoonnada iyo balaastiga ka samaysan inta ka hartay weelka. Diidashada kiimikada ee firfircoon ayaa markaa wax yeeli karta ama joojin karta qalabka baytariyadu ku shaqeeyaan. Sababtan awgeed, qaar badan oo ka mid ah soosaarayaasha qalabka elektiroonigga ah waxay ku talinayaan inay ka saaraan baytariyada aaladaha aan la isticmaali doonin waqti dheer.

Noocyo badan oo baytari ah ayaa ka shaqeeya agabka sunta ah sida rasaasta, meerkuriga , iyo cadmiumka sidii electrode ama electrolyte. Marka batari kastaa gaadho dhamaadka nolosha waa in la tuuraa si looga hortago waxyeelada deegaanka.  Baytariyadu waa hal nooc oo qashinka elektarooniga ah (e-waste). Adeegyada dib-u-warshadaynta-e-qashinku waxay soo kabanayaan walxaha sunta ah, kuwaas oo markaa loo isticmaali karo baytariyada cusub.  Ku dhawaad ​​saddex bilyan oo baytari ah oo sanad walba laga iibsado gudaha Mareykanka, ilaa 179,000 oo tan ayaa ku dhamaanaya qashinka dalka oo dhan.
Baytariyadu waxay noqon karaan kuwo waxyeello ama dhimasho haddii la liqo .  Unugyada badhanka yaryar waa la liqi karaa, gaar ahaan carruurta yaryar. Inta lagu jiro habka dheef-shiidka, dheecaanka korantada ee batteriga wuxuu keeni karaa dhaawac unug; Dhaawaca noocan oo kale ah ayaa mararka qaarkood halis ah wuxuuna keeni karaa dhimasho. Baytariyada saxanka ee la dhuuqo inta badan dhib ma keenaan ilaa ay galaan mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka . Meesha ugu badan ee baytariyada diskooga si ay u seexdaan waa hunguriga, taas oo keenta cilado caafimaad . Baytariyada si guul leh uga gudba hunguriga uma badna inay meel kale ku hoydaan. Suurtagalnimada in baytariga saxanka ahi uu ku dhaco hunguriga hunguriga waa shaqada da'da bukaanka iyo cabbirka batteriga. Carruurta waaweyn dhib kuma qabaan baytariyada ka yar 21-23 mm. Liquefaction necrosis ayaa laga yaabaa inay dhacdo sababtoo ah sodium hydroxide waxaa soo saaray batteriga hadda soo saaray (sida caadiga ah anode). Daloolintu waxay u dhacday si degdeg ah 6 saacadood ka dib marka la nuugo. 
Qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha baytariyada ayaa dhadhan xun ku daray baytariyada si ay u niyad jabiyaan liqidda. 
==Xeer-dejinta iyo habaynta==
Sharciyada ku xeeran baytariyada korantada waxaa ka mid ah mowduucyo ay ka mid yihiin qashin badbaado leh iyo dib u warshadayn.
Dalka Maraykanka, Xeerka Maareynta baytariyada Mercury-ku-kooban iyo dib-u-jallaabi kara ee 1996 waxa uu mamnuucay iibinta baytariyada meerkurigu ku jiro, waxa uu soo saaray shuruudaha calaamadaynta lebbiska ee baytariyada dib-u-dallaci kara oo u baahan in baytariyada dib-u-jallaabi kara si fudud looga saari karo. California iyo New York City waxay mamnuucayaan in lagu tuuro baytariyada dib loo buuxin karo qashinka adag.          Warshadaha baytariga dib loo dallaci karo waxay ka hawlgashaa barnaamijyada dib u warshadaynta ee dalka oo dhan ee Maraykanka iyo Kanada, oo leh dhibco ka-dhicis ah dukaamada maxaliga ah. 
Dardaaranka baytari ee Midowga Yurub ayaa leh shuruudo la mid ah, marka lagu daro u baahan kordhinta dib u warshadaynta baytariyada iyo kor u qaadida cilmi baarista hababka dib u warshadaynta batteriga ee la hagaajiyay .  Si waafaqsan dardaarankan dhammaan baytariyada lagu iibinayo gudaha Midowga Yurub waa in lagu calaamadiyaa &quot;calaamadaha ururinta&quot; Tani waa inay dabooshaa ugu yaraan 3% oogada baytariyada prismatic iyo 1.5% oogada baytariyada cylindrical. Dhammaan baakooyinka waa in sidoo kale loo calaamadeeyaa. 
Iyada oo laga jawaabayo shilalka iyo guul-darrooyinka la soo sheegay, mararka qaarkood shid ama qarax, dib u soo celinta aaladaha isticmaalaya baytariyada lithium-ion ayaa noqday kuwo aad u badan sannadihii u dambeeyay. 
Markay ahayd 9 Diseembar 2022, baarlamaanka Yurub wuxuu gaadhay heshiis lagu qasbayo, laga bilaabo 2026, soosaarayaasha inay naqshadeeyaan dhammaan qalabka korantada ee lagu iibiyo EU (oo aan inta badan loo isticmaalin xaaladaha qoyan) si ay macaamiishu si fudud uga saaraan oo ay u beddelaan baytariyada laftooda. 
==Tixraac==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080812080100/http://www.rbrc.org/consumer/howitallworks_faq.shtml &quot;Shirkadda Dib-u-warshadaynta baytariga dib loo celin karo&quot;]

[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221205IPR60614/ &quot;Batteries: heshiis ku saabsan xeerarka cusub ee EU ee naqshadeynta, wax soo saarka iyo daaweynta qashinka&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20111007014932/http://www.epbaeurope.net/documents/Newmarkingguidelines_final8March2011.pdf &quot;Hagaha Shuruudaha Calaamadaynta baytariyada la qaadi karo ee Midowga Yurub 2008&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080411120602/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0030399.html Korontada Terminalka. Tiscali Tixraaca. Asal ahaan ka yimid Hutchinson Encyclopaedia . La soo celiyay 7 Abriil 2007]

[http://www.benfranklin300.org/frankliniana/result.php?id=72&amp;sec=0 &quot;Bateriga korantada&quot; ee dhalooyinka Leyden - Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary&quot;]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=XMe1EnEMuMEC&amp;q=battery%20two%20or%20more%20cells&amp;pg=PA1 baytariyada Aaladaha la qaadi karo]

[http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Vision_for_a_Sustainable_Battery_Value_Chain_in_2030_Report.pdf Warbixinta Insight — Aragti loogu talagalay Silsiladda Qiimaha Battery waara sanadka 2030: Furitaanka Awood Buuxa oo Horumar Waara iyo Yaraynta Isbeddelka Cimilada]

[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160515005823/http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/drycellbattery/index.htm &quot;Baytari unugga qallalan ee Columbia&quot;]

[http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/alkaline_appman.pdf Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Handbook iyo Buugga Codsiga] {{Wayback|url=http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/alkaline_appman.pdf |date=20101216071857 }}

[https://news.utexas.edu/2017/02/28/goodenough-introduces-new-battery-technology &quot;Inventor Battery Lithium-Ion Waxa Uu Soo Bandhigay Farsamo Cusub Oo Loogu Dallaco Degdega, Baytariyada Aan Dabka Lahayn&quot;]

[http://informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201802311 Sony Waxay Samaysay Batteri Biyo-Dheer Ah Oo Ay Ku Shaqaynayso Sonkorta]

[https://news.sky.com/story/elon-musk-wins-50m-bet-with-giant-battery-for-south-australia-11141165 &quot;Elon Musk wuxuu ku guuleystey $50m betteriga South Australia]


[http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-01/china-builds-worlds-largest-battery-36-megawatt-hour-behemoth &quot;Shiinuhu Wuxuu Dhisayaa Baytariga Ugu Weyn Adduunka, Cabbir Dhisme, 36-Megawatt-Saacadood Behemoth | Sayniska caanka ah&quot;]

[https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/mdb/features/applications/23308 &quot;Awoodda Daawada Berri: Go'aamada Muhiimka ah ee baytariyada Codsiyada Caafimaadka&quot;]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
[[Category:Koronto]]
==Xiriirinta dibadda==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022104620/http://electrochem.cwru.edu/encycl/art-b02-batt-nonr.htm Baytariyada aan dib loo dallaci karin]

[http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm HowStuffWorks: Sida baytariyadu u shaqeeyaan]

[http://depts.washington.edu/matseed/batteries/MSE/classification.html Noocyada kale ee Unugyada baytariyada]

[http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/batteries/index.php Xirmada Waxbarashada iyo Barashada DoITPoMS- &quot;Batteries&quot;]</text>
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    <title>Lonnie Phiri</title>
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| name        = Lonnie Phiri
| image       =
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| other_names =
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| occupation  = siyaasi
| predecessor =
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| party       = [[Xisbiga Horumarka Dimuqraadiga]]
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| nationality = [[Malawi]]an
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'''Lonnie Chijere Phiri''' waa Xildhibaanad Xisbiga Horumarka Dimuqraadiga ah ee Baarlamaanka matalaysa deegaan doorasho oo ku taal Zomba ee koonfurta Malawi . Waxay ahayd guddoomiyaha guddiga haweenka baarlamaanka Malawi.
==Nolosha==
Waxay xubin ka ahayd Kutlada Haweenka Baarlamaanka Malawi, 2019 iyada iyo Liana Chapota waxay yimaadeen Scotland muddo toddobaad ah si ay ula kulmaan baarlamaanka Scotland Waxay guddoomisay shir fara badan oo lagu qabtay shir sannadeedka xisbiga waddani ee Scotland ee Oktoobar 2019
Sannadkii 2021, waxay ahayd guddoomiyaha ururka haweenka baarlamaanka Malawi , kuwaas oo xubnahooda ay yihiin xildhibaanada haweenka ee ka kooban tiro yar oo ka mid ah Golaha Qaranka ee ay ragga u badan yihiin. Ururku waxa uu ka walaacsanaa in hamiga hooseeya iyo guurka ubadku uu ku baahsan yahay gabdhaha dhigata dugsiyada hoose ee Malawi. Xubnaha Kutlada, oo ay ku jirto Phiri, waxay aadeen inay booqdaan dugsiyada si ay ugu dhiirigeliyaan hablaha inay si adag u shaqeeyaan oo ay hami u yeeshaan. Phiri waxa ay soo xidhatay lebiska dugsiga si ay u caddayso, in ay ka bilowday dugsi hoose
Sannadkii 2022-kii ayay ku dhawaaqday inay maalgelisay 40-ka masaajid ee ku yaalla deegaanka laga soo doortay ee laydhka cadceedda ku shaqeeya. Iftiinka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa salaadaha subaxda hore ama fiidkii dambe
Bishii Agoosto 2024, xisbigeeda ( Xisbiga Horumarka Dimuqraadiga ah ) wuxuu ahaa mucaarad, waxaana loo magacaabay inay noqoto Guddoomiyaha Adeegga Baarlamaanka. Balse magacaabisteeda waa la diiday Mid ka mid ah faallooyinka ayaa sheegay in xubnaha kale ay u tixgeliyeen inay tahay qas Intaa ka dib Mary Mpanga ayaa la soo jeediyay. Waxay ahayd xildhibaan kale oo mucaarad ah waxaana si wada jir ah loogu magacaabay inay noqoto Guddoomiyaha Adeegga Baarlamaanka Magacaabistan waxay ka dhigtay in komishanku noqdo 50% haween
Isla bishaas (Agoosto 2024), Phiri waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in uu isticmaalay sanduuqa horumarinta deegaanka si uu u dhiso dugsi cusub. Waxaa lagu magacaabaa Kachere Junior Primary School wuxuuna wax dhigi doonaa sanadaha 1 ilaa 4. Phiri wuxuu filayey inuu guulaysto maadaama caruur badan oo deegaanka ah ay joojiyeen inay dhigtaan dugsiga sababtoo ah kuwa ugu dhow ayaa aad uga fogaa
26kii Febraayo 2025 Phiri iyo Grace Kwelepeta oo ka tirsan xisbiga ayaa baabuurtooda la burburiyay xilli ay ku sugnaayeen baarlamaanka. Khasaaraha ka dhashay ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa taayaro la dalooliyay iyo muraayadaha oo la jajabiyay. Baabuurta ayaa la dhigay meel amaan ah markii ay soo gaareen dad shacab ah oo ay ku jireen taageerayaasha xisbiga Congress-ka Malawi. Ciidamada Booliska ayaa ku guda jiray howlahooda shaqo, balse ma jirin cid loo soo qabtay falkaasi, waxaana markii la soo saaray kooxdaasi ay dhibaato u geysteen wadada Waxaa la soo jeediyay in la beddelo taayirada, laakiin bishii Abriil Grace Kwelepeta waxay sheegtay inay siisay waqti ku filan baarlamaanka si ay u xalliso dhammaan burburka gaarigeeda rasmiga ah oo ay damacday inay aado maxkamadda. 
==Tixraac==
[https://www.nyasatimes.com/scotland-hosts-malawi-women-parliamentarians/ &quot;Scotland waxay martigelinaysaa haweenka baarlamaanka Malawi - Malawi Nyasa Times - Wararka Malawi ee Malawi&quot;]

[https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.snp.org/uploads/2019/10/10_11-SNP-Annual-Conference-2019-%E2%80%93-complete.pdf &quot;Laga soo bilaabo talaabooyinka dhallaanka ilaa boodada waaweyn&quot;]

[https://www.nyasatimes.com/parliamentary-women-caucus-inspires-primary-school-learners-in-rural-areas/ &quot;Kutlada Haweenka Baarlamaanka waxay dhiirigelinaysaa ardayda dhigata dugsiyada hoose ee miyiga - Malawi Nyasa Times - Wararka Malawi ee Malawi&quot;]

[https://malawi24.com/2022/07/24/zomba-chingale-mp-installs-solar-power-on-40-mosques/ &quot;Xildhibaan Zomba Chingale ayaa ku rakibay koronto qoraxda 40 masaajid&quot;].[https://shiretimes.com/zomba-chingale-mp-lonnie-chijere-chirwa-taught-manners-rejected-as-parliamentary-commissioner/ &quot;Xildhibaan Zomba Chingale Lonnie Chijere Chirwa wuxuu baray hab-dhaqanka; loo diiday inuu noqdo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka&quot;]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[https://malawi24.com/2024/08/07/chingale-mp-builds-junior-primary-school/ &quot;Xildhibaan Chingale waxa uu dhisay Dugsiga Hoose Dhexe&quot;]

[https://www.nyasatimes.com/parliament-is-sleeping-on-my-rights-mp-grace-kwelepeta-heads-to-court-over-vandalized-car/ &quot;Baarlamaanku Waxa Uu Ku Seexanayaa Xuquuqdayda&quot;: Xildhibaan Grace Kwelepeta Oo Maxkamad La Taagan Gaadhi]</text>
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	---                                        ---
	---     PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT                ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Abstract utilities ]]--
	----------------------------


-- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers)
local function zero_padded (str)
	return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str)
end


-- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting)
local function natural_sort (var1, var2)
	return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) &lt; var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded)
end


-- Return a copy or a reference to a table
local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly)
	if refonly then return src end
	local newtab = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end
	return newtab
end


-- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest`
local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len)
	local idx = 1
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1
		if idx &gt; len then break end
	end
	return dest
end


-- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left
local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len)
	local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt;= idx then
			if key &gt; tmp then cache[key - len] = val end
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = 1 - idx
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = idx - 1
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys
local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn)
	local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nn = nn + 1
			nums[nn] = key
		else
			nw = nw + 1
			words[nw] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	table.sort(words, sort_fn)
	return nums, words, nn, nw
end


-- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number
local function get_parameter_name (par_str)
	local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end
	return tonumber(ret)
end


-- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and
-- always parsing numeric strings as numbers
local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey)
	local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey)
	if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end
end


	--[[ Public strings ]]--
	------------------------


-- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local mkeywords = {
	['or'] = 0,
	pattern = 1,
	plain = 2,
	strict = 3
}


-- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local sortfunctions = {
	alphabetically = false,
	naturally = natural_sort
}


-- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers
-- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
--[[

Meanings of the columns:

  col[1] = Loop type (0-3)
  col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3)
  col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback
  col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name
  col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value
  col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]`
  col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]`

A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`)

]]--
local mapping_styles = {
	names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 },
	values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 },
	values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 },
	names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 },
	names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 },
	names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 },
	values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 },
	blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
}


-- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local memoryslots = {
	h = 'header',
	f = 'footer',
	i = 'itersep',
	l = 'lastsep',
	n = 'ifngiven',
	p = 'pairsep',
	s = 'oxfordsep'
}


-- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier
local trim_parse_opts = {
	trim_none = { false, false },
	trim_positional = { false, true },
	trim_named = { true, false },
	trim_all = { true, true }
}


-- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local isep_parse_opts = {
	splitter_pattern = false,
	splitter_string = true
}


-- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local psep_parse_opts = {
	setter_pattern = false,
	setter_string = true
}


-- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier
local position_references = {
	add_nothing = 0,
	add_smallest_number = 1,
	add_last_of_sequence = 2,
	add_largest_number = 3
}


-- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier
local a_modes = {
	duplicate = 0,
	transfer = 1,
	provide = 2,
	spare = 3,
	sacrifice = 4
}


-- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`,
-- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue`
-- `without_sorting`


	--[[ Private constants ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`)
local modulename = 'Module:Params'


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args`
-- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also
-- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available
local refpipe = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	--coins = true,
	count = true,
	evaluating = true,
	for_each = true,
	list = true,
	list_values = true,
	list_maybe_with_names = true,
	value_of = true
}


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the
-- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if 
-- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own
-- (modified) copy available
local refparams = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	combining = true,
	combining_by_calling = true,
	combining_values = true,
	concat_and_call = true,
	concat_and_invoke = true,
	concat_and_magic = true,
	count = true,
	grouping_by_calling = true,
	mixing_names_and_values = true,
	keeping_at_most = true,
	renaming_by_mixing = true,
	renaming_to_sequence = true,
	renaming_to_uppercase = true,
	renaming_to_lowercase = true,
	--renaming_to_values = true,
	shifting = true,
	splicing = true,
	--swapping_names_and_values = true,
	value_of = true,
	with_name_matching = true
}


-- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we
-- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its
-- optimal value at Module talk:Params)
local maxfill = 1024


-- The private table of functions
local library = {}


-- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position
local static_iface = {}


	--[[ Private functions ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Create a new context
local function context_new (child_frame)
	local main_frame = child_frame:getParent()
	return {
		frame = main_frame,
		opipe = child_frame.args,
		oparams = main_frame.args,
		firstposonly = static_iface,
		iterfunc = pairs,
		sorttype = 0,
		n_parents = 0,
		n_children = 0,
		n_available = maxfill
	}
end


-- Move to the next action within the user-given list
local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward)
	local nextfn
	if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then
		nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	end
	if nextfn == nil then error(modulename ..
		': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
	if library[nextfn] == nil then
		if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0)
		else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn ..
			'’ directive can only appear in first position', 0)
		end
	end
	remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward)
	return library[nextfn]
end


-- Main loop
local function main_loop (ctx, start_with)
	local fn = start_with
	repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn
	if ctx.n_parents &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end
	if ctx.n_children &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end
end


-- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table
local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, start_from)
	local cmd
	if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end
	cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/')
		:match'^/*(.*[^/])'
	if cmd == nil then return start_from end
	local vname, chr
	local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1
	for idx = 1, #cmd do
		chr = cmd:byte(idx)
		if chr == sep then
			for key, val in ipairs(amap) do
				dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil
			end
			argc = argc + 1
		else
			vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)]
			if vname == nil then error(modulename ..
				', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' ..
				string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end
			table.insert(amap, vname)
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end
	return argc
end


-- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children`
local function new_substack (ctx)
	local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {}
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
	return newparams
end


-- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or
-- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil`
local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg)
	if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end
	local trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, trarg end
	local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg]
	if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end
	return tmp or nil, 2, true, trarg
end


-- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|
-- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]`
local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params)
	local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2
	local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {}
	while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do
		tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = nil, src[pin + 2], pin + 3
--[[
		elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2
]]--
		elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 2])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])], pin =
				tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3
		else break end
	end
	local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil)
	for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end
	if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end
	tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin])
	if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then
		if tmp1 &lt; 0 then tmp1 = -1 end
		tmp2 = append_after - pin
		for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end
		pin = pin + tmp1 + 1
	end
	if tnamed ~= nil then
		for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return tbl, pin, tnew, mem
end


-- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*`
-- class of modifiers
local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style, params)
	local style, shf
	local tmp = src[n_skip + 1]
	if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1
	else shf = n_skip end
	local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5]
	tmp = style[6]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			karg = tonumber(karg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg)
		end
	end
	tmp = style[7]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			varg = tonumber(varg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg)
		end
	end
	local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf,
		n_exist, params)
	tmp = style[1]
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 2 end
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 1 end
	return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem
end


-- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of
-- modifiers
local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami)
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end
	local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3
	if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end
	local flg = opts[argc]
	if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end
	return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax &lt; 1) or
		(flg == 3 and ptn == repl)
end


-- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers
local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami)
	local keyw
	local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1
	for _, val in ipairs(opts) do
		if state == 0 then
			nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1
			ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false }
		else
			keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or (
				state &gt; 0 and mkeywords[keyw] &gt; 0
			) then break
			else
				state = mkeywords[keyw]
				if state &gt; 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end
				if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end
			end
		end
		cnt = cnt + 1
	end
	if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami ..
		'’: No pattern was given', 0) end
	return ptns, nptns, cnt
end


-- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and
-- `evaluating` modifiers
local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp)
	local tmp
	local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain =
		{ true, true, true }, 3, start_from, true, false, true, true
	repeat
		noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc]
		if tmp == nil then break end
		tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp]
			trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil
		elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tmp],
				opts[argc], nil
		elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tmp],
				opts[argc], nil
		else break end
		argc = argc + 1
	until noptslots &lt; 1
	return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc
end


-- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table
local value_maps = {
	[0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end
	end,
	[1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end
}


-- Private table for `map_names()`
local name_thieves = {
	[0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end
}


-- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table
local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn)
	local cache = {}
	name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric
-- suffixes in its keys
local function make_groups (src)
	-- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable!
	local prefix, gid
	local groups = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		-- `key` must only be a string or a number...
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$'
			gid = tonumber(gid) or ''
		else
			prefix, gid = '', key
		end
		if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end
		if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			prefix = tonumber(prefix)
			if prefix &lt; 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end
		end
		groups[gid][prefix] = val
	end
	return groups
end


-- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and
-- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length
local function parse_placeholder_string (target)
	local idx, s_pos, skel, canvas = 1, 1, {}, {}
	local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false)
	while e_pos ~= nil do
		canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1)
		skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@'
		idx = idx + 2
		s_pos = e_pos + 2
		e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false)
	end
	if (s_pos &gt; target:len()) then idx = idx - 1
	else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end
	return skel, canvas, idx
end


-- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`,
-- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`)
local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru)
	local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2
	local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1
	if isp == nil or isp == '' then
		if psp == nil or psp == '' then
			if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else tbl[idx] = str end
			return idx
		end
		spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else val = str end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = str:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
		return idx
	end
	if psp == nil or psp == '' then
		repeat
			pos1 = pos3 + 1
			pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
			val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1
		until pos2 == nil
		return idx
	end
	repeat
		pos1 = pos3 + 1
		pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
		val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
		spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = val:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
	until pos2 == nil
	return idx
end


-- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering`
local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len == 0 then
		local stack = new_substack(ctx)
		for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end
		return len == nil and 1 or 2
	end
	if len &lt; 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len)
	return 2
end


-- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values`
local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	local stack = ctx.children[currsnap]
	for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do
		if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end
	end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
end


-- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values`
local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function
	-- MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local argc
	local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {}
	local sortfn, varsarg0, do_sort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[2])
	if varsarg0 == 2 then tmp = opts[3] and opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then
		varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1)
		set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami)
	else
		if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 end
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1)
	end
	if argc &lt; varsarg0 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end
	if next(tbl) == nil then
		if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params =
			{ [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven }
		elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end
		return argc
	end
	local cache, len
	if do_sort then
		local words
		cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end
		len = len + tmp
	else
		len, cache = 0, {}
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = key
		end
	end
	local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or ''
	for idx = 1, len do
		tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps
		pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs)
		nss = nss + 2
	end
	tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep
	if tmp ~= nil and nss &gt; 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp
	elseif nss &gt; 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then
		pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep
	end
	pmap[1] = vars.header or ''
	if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end
	ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) }
	return argc
end


-- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric
-- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options
-- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters
local function concat_params (ctx)
	local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		-- We need only the sequence
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end
	else
		if ctx.subset == -1 then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				retval[key + nmax] = val
			else retval[key] = val end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end
	return retval
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this
-- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function flush_params (ctx, fn)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
			for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
			return
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset ~= -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
			fn(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value
-- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		flush_params(ctx, fn_oth)
		return
	end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		local sequence = {}
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do
			if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]])
			else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		end
		if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		return
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
		fn_seq(key, val)
		tbl[key] = nil
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end
end


-- Finalize and return a concatenated list
local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize)
	if len &gt; 0 then
		local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep
		if tmp ~= nil and len &gt; modsize * 2 then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp
		elseif len &gt; modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep
		end
		lst[1] = ctx.header or ''
		if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end
		ctx.text = table.concat(lst)
	else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
end


	---                                        ---
	---     PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT                 ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Modifiers ]]--
	-------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to
library.sequential = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to
library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to
library.all_sorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to
library.reassorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 2
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to
library.setting = function (ctx)
	local argc = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1)
	if argc &lt; 2 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to
library.scoring = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local tmp
	local retval, opts = 0, ctx.pipe
	for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then tmp = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == 'in_substack' then
		new_substack(ctx)[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval)
		return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
	end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval)
	return context_iterate(ctx, tmp == 'here' and 3 or 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to
library.squeezing = function (ctx)
	local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			newlen = newlen + 1
			indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil
		end
	end
	table.sort(indices)
	for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to
library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx)
	local newval, tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums =
		ctx.pipe[1], ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1
	if newval == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘filling_the_gaps’: No value was provided', 0) end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmax == nil then
				if key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
				nmax = key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
			tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1
		end
	end
	if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin &gt; nnums then
		ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax
		if ctx.n_available &lt; 0 then error(modulename ..
			', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' ..
			tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end
		for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = newval end
		for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to
library.clearing = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to
library.cutting = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local len = #tbl
	if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
	if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
	local tot = lcut + rcut
	if tot &gt; 0 then
		local cache = {}
		if tot &gt;= len then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
			tot = len
		else
			for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				if key &gt; len then cache[key - tot] = val
				else cache[key - lcut] = val end
				tbl[key] = nil
			end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to
library.cropping = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local nmin, nmax
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	if nmin ~= nil then
		local len = nmax - nmin + 1
		if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
		if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
		if lcut + rcut - len &gt; -1 then
			for key in pairs(tbl) do
				if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end
			end
		elseif lcut + rcut &gt; 0 then
			for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1
			if lshift &gt; 0 then
				for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do
					tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] =
						tbl[idx], nil
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.purging = function (ctx)
	local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &lt; 1 then
		len = len + table.maxn(tbl)
		if idx &gt; len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = len - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.backpurging = function (ctx)
	local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local idx
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &gt; 0 then
		idx = last - len + 1
	else
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or
				key &lt; idx) then idx = key end
		end
		if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		idx = idx - len
		if last &lt; idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = last - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to
library.shifting = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then
		error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end
	local tbl = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val
		else tbl[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to
library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
			if key &gt; nmax then nmax = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local shift = #tbl + 1
	if shift &lt; 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end
	local numerics = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local nmax, nmin
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
			if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nsize = nsize + 1
			cache[nsize] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(cache)
	for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do
		tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ]
		tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ]
		tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to
library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx)
	local sortfn
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then
		sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$']
	end
	if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn)
	else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil`
	if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment|
--            [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to
library.splicing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp2, argc, pos, refp
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	local tmp1 = opts[1]
	if tmp1 ~= nil then
		tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1)
		if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then
			pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4,
				tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if tmp2 ~= nil then
				refp = position_references[tmp2]
				if refp == nil then error(modulename ..
					', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) ..
					'’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end
			else refp = 0 end
		else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end
	else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end
	if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end
	if refp == 2 then
		for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end
		refp = 0
	end
	tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil
	if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' then
				if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key
				elseif key &lt; tmp1 then tmp1 = key
				elseif key &gt; tmp2 then tmp2 = key end
			end
		end
	end
	if tmp2 == nil then len = 0
	elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2
	elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end
	if len &gt; 0 and pos + len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len)
	elseif len &lt; 0 and pos - len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len)
	else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end
	ctx.params = tbl
	tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc])
	if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 1) then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end
	if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	tmp2 = argc - pos + 1
	for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to
library.imposing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2]
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to
library.providing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end
	local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])
	if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to
library.reassigning = function (ctx)
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end
	local mode
	local src = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local val = tbl[src]
	if opts[3] ~= nil then mode = a_modes[opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	local argc = mode == nil and 3 or 4
	if val == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local dest = get_parameter_name(opts[2])
	if mode == 1 or mode == 4 or (mode == 3 and tbl[dest] == nil) then
		tbl[src] = nil
	end
	if mode == nil or mode &lt; 2 or tbl[dest] == nil then tbl[dest] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to
library.discarding = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil then
		ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end
	if len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end
	for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to
library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to
library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_name_matching = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, ptn
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_matching')
	local tbl, newparams = ctx.params, {}
	for idx = 1, nptns do
		ptn = targets[idx]
		if ptn[3] then
			tmp = ptn[1]
			if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
				tmp = tonumber(tmp)
			end
			newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp]
		else
			for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
				if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
					newparams[key] = val
				end
			end
		end
	end
	ctx.params = newparams
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_not_matching')
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then
		local tmp = targets[1][1]
		if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil
		else tbl[tmp] = nil end
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local yesmatch, ptn
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_value_matching = function (ctx)
	local nomatch, ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		nomatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val == ptn[1] then
					nomatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				nomatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local yesmatch, ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_not_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to
library.trimming_values = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = margs }
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local tbl, mix = ctx.params, ctx.pipe[1]
	if mix == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to
library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache, len
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1])
	if do_sort then
		local words, wl
		cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end
		for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end
	else
		len, cache = 0, {}
		for _, val in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = rargs }
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of
--            additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument
--            N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn)
		local val = tbl[ptn]
		if val ~= nil then
			tbl[ptn], tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = nil, val
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		local cache = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache,
				tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax))
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache = {}
	if mix == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	else
		local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val
				else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to
--[[
library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template
--            name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, argc, tbl, mem = load_child_opts(ctx.pipe, 2, 0, ctx.params)
	local gargs = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &lt; 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val
		else gargs[key] = val end
	end
	tmp = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tmp ~= nil then tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local groups = make_groups(tbl)
	for gid, group in pairs(groups) do
		for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args = gid, group
		groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end
	ctx.params = groups
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.parsing = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
		trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim
--            flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter
--            setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.reinterpreting = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local str = tbl[tmp]
	if str ~= nil then
		tbl[tmp] = nil
		parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
			trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.evaluating = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':')
	if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then
		ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe)
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local new_opts, cache = {}, {}
	local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain,
		psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc
	for key, val in pairs(opts) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; 1 then new_opts[key] = val
		elseif key &gt;= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end
	ctx.pipe = new_opts
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to
library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end
	local tmp
	local mix_k = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache, mix_v = {}, ctx.pipe[2]
	if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key)
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end
	else
		local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k)
		local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			tmp = tostring(key)
			for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do
				if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end
			end
			for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do
				if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] =
				table.concat(cnv_v)
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end,
		'combining'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return val end,
		'combining_values'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
			title = tname,
			args = ctx.params
		}
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new
--            parameter name|pipe to
library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local mname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = ctx.pipe[2]
	if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] =
			tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 4)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local magic = ctx.pipe[1]
	if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] =
			ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params)
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.snapshotting = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.remembering = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to
library.entering_substack = function (ctx)
	local tbl, ncurrparent = ctx.params, ctx.n_parents + 1
	if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl }
	else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then
		ctx.params = {}
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	if currsnap &gt; 0 then
		ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children =
			ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1
	else
		local newparams = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
		ctx.params = newparams
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to
library.pulling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end
	local tmp = ctx.n_parents
	local parent = tmp &lt; 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp]
	tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to
library.recalling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to
--[[
library.finding = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local parent
	for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do
		parent = ctx.parents[idx]
		if parent[arg] ~= nil then
			ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg]
			return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
		end
	end
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
--[[
library.picking = function (ctx)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	if ctx.n_parents &lt; 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len)
	else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to
library.detaching_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to
library.dropping_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to
library.leaving_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to
library.merging_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil,
		ncurrparent - 1
	for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to
library.flushing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to
library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx)
	set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing')
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


	--[[ Functions ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|count
library.count = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local retval = 0
	for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end
	ctx.text = retval
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]
--            |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value
--            n]|[...]
library.concat_and_call = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
		title = tname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	}
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend
--            1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            item n=value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2)
	local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{
		title = 'Module:' .. mname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	})
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend
--            2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=
--            value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx))
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name
library.value_of = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local val
	local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
		key = tonumber(key)
		val = ctx.params[key]
		-- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in
		-- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable)
		if val ~= nil and (
			ctx.subset ~= -1 or key &gt; #ctx.params or key &lt; 1
		) and (
			ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key &lt;= #ctx.params and key &gt; 0)
		) then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	else
		val = ctx.params[key]
		if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header
			or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	end
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list
library.list = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss =
			pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_values
library.list_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	-- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us
	local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names
library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	mixed_flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4
		end,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value
--            2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.coins = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin =
--            value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.unique_coins = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		tmp = get_parameter_name(val)
		tbl[key], opts[tmp] = opts[tmp], nil
	end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext
library.for_each = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or ''
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append
--            1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]
--            |[named param n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
		
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each = function (ctx)
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)

	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname, fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]
--            |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            param n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local tmp
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val
		else opts[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.pipe = opts
	ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params)
	flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group)
		for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs,
			nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


	--[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|new|pipe to
static_iface.new = function (child_frame)
	local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
	ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false)
	ctx.params = {}
	main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1))
	return ctx.text
end


	--[[ First-position-only functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|self
static_iface.self = function (frame)
	return frame:getParent():getTitle()
end


	--[[ Public metatable of functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (_, query)
		local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
			': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
		local func = static_iface[fname]
		if func ~= nil then return func end
		func = library[fname]
		if func == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
		return function (child_frame)
			local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
			ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname])
			ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname])
			main_loop(ctx, func)
			return ctx.text
		end
	end
})</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Evandro Soldati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44687</id>
    <revision>
      <id>302570</id>
      <parentid>291248</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-16T04:30:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>28368</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>302570</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4596" sha1="exdrib6b1gy6dxywcp9i9dhcncccjhy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox model
| name         = Evandro Soldati
| image        = Evandro Soldati.jpg
| caption      = Soldati Sanadkii 2021
| birth_name   =
| birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1985|4|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Ubá]], [[Minas Gerais]], Brazil
| nationality  = 
| occupation   = Model
| spouse       = {{Marriage|[[Yasmin Brunet]]|2012|2020|reason=divorced}}
| height       = {{Convert|1.88|m|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;WhyNot Models&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.whynotmodels.com/model/evandro_soldati |title= WhyNot Models - Evandro Soldati |publisher= WhyNot Models |accessdate= 17 July 2018 |archive-date= 17 Bisha Todobaad 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180717093431/http://www.whynotmodels.com/model/evandro_soldati |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sight&quot;&gt;Sight Management Studio: [http://sight-management.com/gallery/model/3276-Evandro%20Soldati Evandro Soldati's profile]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Next London&quot;/&gt;
| hair_colour  = Bunni&lt;ref name=&quot;WhyNot Models&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Next London&quot;/&gt;
| eye_colour   = Cagaar &lt;ref name=&quot;WhyNot Models&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Next London&quot;/&gt;
| years_active = 2002&amp;ndash;hadda
| agency       = [[Moodooyinka Ford]] (New York) &lt;br/&gt; Bananas Models (Paris) &lt;br/&gt; [[Why Not Model Management]] (Milan) &lt;br/&gt; Next London (London)&lt;ref name=&quot;Next London&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.nextmanagement.com/london/profile/evandro-soldati |title= Next London - Evandro Soldati |accessdate= 17 July 2018 |archive-date= 24 Bisha Todobaad 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180724073036/http://www.nextmanagement.com/london/profile/evandro-soldati |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Sight Management Studio (Barcelona) &lt;br/&gt; 2pm Model Management (Copenhagen) &lt;br/&gt; Modelwerk (Hamburg) &lt;br/&gt; MIKAs (Stockholm)
| website      =
}}
'''Evandro Soldati''' (wuxuu dhashay 17 Abriil 1985) waa moode u dhashay Brazil. 
==Taariikh nololeedka==
Soldati wuxuu ku dhashay Ubá , Minas Gerais . Isagu waa talyaani
Evandro wuxuu ka soo muuqday muuqaalka muusiga ee Lady Gaga 's single Alejandro . 
==Xirfad==
Waxa uu bilaabay qaabaynta sannadkii 2002 markii hooyadii u saxeexday tartanka Ford ee dalkiisa Brazil. Tan iyo markaas wuxuu ku toogtay goobta moodada hadda isagoo jilaya ololihii dhawaa ee Louis Vuitton iyo Valentino . Waxa uu sidoo kale sameeyay ololeyaal Abercrombie &amp; Fitch , Guess iyo Dolce &amp; Gabbana . Isagu sidoo kale waa nooca lab ee ugu weyn xayeysiisyada Giorgio Armani intii lagu jiray 2007 iyo 2008dii Armani Jeans xayeysiis.

Wareysi uu siiyay majaladda Globo , Evandro ayaa laga soo xigtay isagoo sheegay in uu ku riyaaqay qaabaynta sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka ay shaqada u keentay. Waxa uu yidhi, &quot;Waxaad u safartaa adduunka, mar walbana waa bilaash, waxaad baranaysaa meelo kala duwan, waxaanan bartay Ingiriisi iyo sidoo kale xoogaa Talyaani ah.&quot; Waqtigiisa firaaqada ah, Evandro wuxuu ku raaxaystaa ciyaarista Brazilian art martial capoeira , iyo kubbadda cagta.

Waxa lagu soo bandhigay maqaalka Forbes ee 2008 isagoo ah 7-aad &quot;qaabka lab ee ugu guulaha badan adduunka
Ka dib markii uu ka booday dhowr toddobaad oo moodo Yurub ah, wuxuu halkaas ugu soo noqday bandhigga moodada ee Dolce &amp; Gabbana intii lagu jiray Usbuuca Fashion-ka ee Diyaargarow-in-la-xiro / Dayrta 2010.
==Nolosha gaarka ah==
Waxa uu guursaday atariishada reer Brazil iyo model Yasmin Brunet laga bilaabo 2012 ilaa 2020.
==Tixraac==
[http://www.whynotmodels.com/model/evandro_soldati &quot;Sababta looma daydo - Evandro Soldati&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.whynotmodels.com/model/evandro_soldati |date=20230207052921 }}

[http://www.nextmanagement.com/london/profile/evandro-soldati &quot;London soo socota - Evandro Soldati&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nextmanagement.com/london/profile/evandro-soldati |date=20230204121437 }}

[https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/05/fashion-modeling-magazines-biz-media-cz_ls_0506malemodels_slide/#2c2f36411a2e &quot;Sawiro: 10 ka nooc ee lab ee ugu guulaha badan aduunka&quot;]

[http://revistaquem.globo.com/Fashion-Rio-Verao-20132014/noticia/2013/04/yasmin-brunet-esta-casada-desde-julho.html &quot;Yasmin Brunet está casada desde julho com Evandro Soldati&quot;]

[http://www.vogue.it/en/encyclo/people/s/evandro-soldati- &quot;Vogue Italia: Fashion, beauty, news&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vogue.it/en/encyclo/people/s/evandro-soldati- |date=20151119203208 }}
==Xiriirinta dibadda==
[https://models.com/models/evandro-soldati Evandro Soldati] oo jooga Models.com

[https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/evandro_soldati/ Evandro Soldati] oo jooga Hagaha Modelka Fashion

[https://www.instagram.com/evandrosoldati1/ Evandro Soldati ayaa bartiisa ] Instagram- ka soo dhigay</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nathan Begaye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>46738</id>
    <revision>
      <id>302689</id>
      <parentid>293933</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-16T10:04:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>28368</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>302689</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10865" sha1="omeklftgagtfzb7vl4pofv84wwtfg1v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox artist
| name          = Nathan Scott Begaye
| image         =
| image_size    =
| alt           =
| caption       =
| birth_name    =
| birth_date    = 1958&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://elmoreindianart.com/Collections/Nathan_Begaye |publisher=Steve Elmore Indian Art |title=Antique Indian Art Steve Elmore Santa Fe New Mexico: Collections/Nathan Begaye |access-date=2026-01-12 |archive-date=2025-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011232614/https://elmoreindianart.com/Collections/Nathan_Begaye/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place   = [[Phoenix, Arizona]]
| death_date    = December {{death year and age|2010|1958}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.robertnicholsgallery.com/Robert_Nichols_Gallery/Artists/Pages/NATHAN_BEGAYE.html|publisher=Robert Nichols Gallery|title=NATHAN BEGAYE, Hopi-Navajo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| death_place   =
| nationality   = [[Navajo people|Navajo]] iyo [[Hopi]]
| known_for     = [[Pottery|dhoobada]]
| training      = Machadka Farshaxanka Hindida Mareykanka (Santa Fe, New Mexico), Kulliyadda Gobolka New York ee Dhoobada ee Jaamacadda Alfred.
| movement      = Dhoobada Hindida ee Casriga dambe (Postmodernist Indian Pottery)
| notable_works =
| patrons       =
| awards        =
| elected       =
| website       =
}}
{{ external media
| width  = 220
| image1 = [http://www.kinggalleries.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Nathan-Begaye-Photo1a-e1389904968979.jpg Sawirka Nathan Begaye]
| image2 = [http://explore-art.pem.org/object/native-american-art/E301807/detail ''Snow Cloud'', 1998]
| image3 = [http://explore-art.pem.org/object/native-american-art/E303659/detail ''Yeh! Bichai'', 1980-yadii]
| image4 = [http://explore-art.pem.org/object/native-american-art/E303667/detail ''Sorrow, Half Breed'', 2005]
}}
'''Nathan Begaye''' (1958–2010) wuxuu ahaa fannaan [[Native Americans in the United States|u dhashay dadka asalka ah ee Mareykanka]] oo ku takhasusay dhoobada, kana soo jeeda qowmiyadaha [[Navajo people|Navajo]] iyo [[Hopi]].
​
==Taariikhda==

Nathan Begaye wuxuu ku dhashay Phoenix, Arizona sannadkii 1958, isagoo aabbe u ahaa [[Navajo people|Navajo]] hooyona [[Hopi]].&lt;ref name=free&gt;Clark, Garth. ''Free Spirit: The New Native American Potter.'' Hertogenbosch, Netherlands: Stedelijik Museum's, 2006: 102-123.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa soo korsaday awoowgii iyo ayeeyadii dhanka hoose ee degganaa [[Third Mesa]] iyo [[Tuba City, Arizona]].&lt;ref name=free /&gt; Eeddadiis waxay ahayd fannaanadda dhoobada ee caanka ah ee Hopi [[Otellie Loloma]]. Koriinkiisii ee bulshooyinka Navajo/Hopi waxay ku dhex jirtay hiddaha iyo dhaqanka qabiilka, waxaana lagu soo barbaariyey aqoonta, taariikhda, diinta, calaamadaha, iyo caadooyinka dadka Navajo iyo Hopi.&lt;ref name=free /&gt;
​
==Xirfadda farshaxanka==

Xiisaha Begaye ee dhoobada wuxuu ku bilowday isagoo yar, da'da 10 jir, wuxuuna soo bandhigay bandhigiisii ugu horreeyay ee dadweynaha hal sano ka dib kaliya.&lt;ref name=hands&gt;{{cite book|title=Changing Hands: Art Without Reservation, 1: Contemporary Native American Art from the Southwest|date=2002|publisher=Merrell|location=London|pages=33|editor=David Revere McFadden, Ellen Napiura Taubman}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu farsamooyinka dhaqanka iyo hababka midabeynta ka bartay dadka bulshadiisa qabiilka, labadaba Navajo iyo Hopi.&lt;ref name=free /&gt; Maadaama ay ahaayeen sir qabiil, wuxuu u haystay naftiisa xataa markii uu macallin noqday markii dambe.&lt;ref name=free /&gt; Ka dib markii uu helay deeq waxbarasho oo ka timid [[Santa Fe Indian Market|SWAIA]],&lt;ref name=focus&gt;{{cite journal|last=Nichols|first=Robert F.|title=Beautiful...as Possible: The Pottery of Nathan Begaye|journal=FOCUS Magazine|date=June–July 1993}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuu ka tagay gurigiisa isagoo 14 jir ah si uu dhoobada u barto [[Institute of American Indian Arts|Machadka Farshaxanka Hindida Mareykanka (IAIA)]] ee ku yaal Santa Fe, NM.&lt;ref name=free /&gt;
​In kasta oo koriinkiisii uu ahaa mid aad u muxaafid ah, Begaye wuxuu shaqadiisa ku isticmaali jiray farsamooyin aan caadi ahayn oo la yaab leh.&lt;ref name=free /&gt; Isagoo lagu tilmaamay inuu adeegsado &quot;dareen gaar ah oo ku saabsan qaabka, dhismaha, midabka, iyo naqshadeynta,&quot;&lt;ref name=glosband&gt;{{cite journal|last=Glosband|first=Merrily|title=Indian Market: New Directions in Southwestern Native American Pottery|journal=Ceramics Monthly|date=April 2002|volume=50|issue=4|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/PEM_artscape/pdf/e301798_e301807_e301803_e301812_e301793_e301794_e301797_e301813_e301799_reference.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; shaqada Begaye badanaa waxay ahayd mid shakhsi ah oo ka hadlaysa nolosha qoraaga.

==Uruurinta caanka ah==

*[http://explore-art.pem.org/search/f4603defb291c25230d3019eef5a1441 Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA] {{Wayback|url=http://explore-art.pem.org/search/f4603defb291c25230d3019eef5a1441 |date=20160303203337 }}
*[http://www.robertnicholsgallery.com/Robert_Nichols_Gallery/Artists/Pages/NATHAN_BEGAYE.html Robert Nichols Gallery, Santa Fe, NM]
*[http://dev.cithosting.nl/SMSv2/ObjectResults.aspx?so=S7_LAA7VO1tftmOOmpAz73qceJn3aEqD2EG5syN9BfaiIT3Na4dcfN6mx4X51xP5_p9JCtKR_TAXJzn5CAFceH0HPk8QnAnmrPSpnkdsEWh69fT-m_Pq521wCi8QoUt7Qjl_4U7iAnUV9TEb0DFDSOxkMbDKYbLKGuwXFMAl3tFq3ZQtDn88yDXKcdxlQajcijF_4UPmlduX-r_KxgG0Uhn9pNTaFOjPvuJVa0O2cNixectDEm_H4qHVg6JPiDlC2OGVA6dac39cqmz4nEnV71hWEGjbJirajeMllunchBjm5Iwn72GyP3fpDPf43C_f9b_9uWzscTWyzlpx4HxDQ73sfao1vBFXYTUAwhx6-d2a19vU2AlvAuvboFT0aAMUiPC8N01rhaAEMhv0mQE-G1aHE7W0B434WWfN__33cWEINV_IOA_zlVVSK4xnjR3rKOhwQmjblw_lLHSEWtbmM4IegUlFjKqjTnWnVP5gGc5O2dneQhN02fHNHuM22digMBQzjThze1HzWtBY0UlHkXu-f7STkS2cfmNEtzow5oLpC8QHD10VrI5Rf9L_UZGvqLKR4fN8KqaVBgnxJqk7qgoNGpqNFA22CgqoTTmiRnlJfDbs5BhwKLVT-qEmX1sO0&amp;p=1&amp;v=1 ''Emerging Clouds,'' 1998] {{Wayback|url=http://dev.cithosting.nl/SMSv2/ObjectResults.aspx?so=S7_LAA7VO1tftmOOmpAz73qceJn3aEqD2EG5syN9BfaiIT3Na4dcfN6mx4X51xP5_p9JCtKR_TAXJzn5CAFceH0HPk8QnAnmrPSpnkdsEWh69fT-m_Pq521wCi8QoUt7Qjl_4U7iAnUV9TEb0DFDSOxkMbDKYbLKGuwXFMAl3tFq3ZQtDn88yDXKcdxlQajcijF_4UPmlduX-r_KxgG0Uhn9pNTaFOjPvuJVa0O2cNixectDEm_H4qHVg6JPiDlC2OGVA6dac39cqmz4nEnV71hWEGjbJirajeMllunchBjm5Iwn72GyP3fpDPf43C_f9b_9uWzscTWyzlpx4HxDQ73sfao1vBFXYTUAwhx6-d2a19vU2AlvAuvboFT0aAMUiPC8N01rhaAEMhv0mQE-G1aHE7W0B434WWfN__33cWEINV_IOA_zlVVSK4xnjR3rKOhwQmjblw_lLHSEWtbmM4IegUlFjKqjTnWnVP5gGc5O2dneQhN02fHNHuM22digMBQzjThze1HzWtBY0UlHkXu-f7STkS2cfmNEtzow5oLpC8QHD10VrI5Rf9L_UZGvqLKR4fN8KqaVBgnxJqk7qgoNGpqNFA22CgqoTTmiRnlJfDbs5BhwKLVT-qEmX1sO0&amp;p=1&amp;v=1 |date=20160316023908 }} iyo [http://dev.cithosting.nl/SMSv2/ObjectResults.aspx?so=S7_LAA7VO1tftmOOmpAz73qceJn3aEqD2EG5syN9BfaiIT3Na4dcfN6mx4X51xP5_p9JCtKR_TAXJzn5CAFceH0HPk8QnAnmrPSpnkdsEWh69fT-m_Pq521wCi8QoUt7Qjl_4U7iAnUV9TEb0DFDSOxkMbDKYbLKGuwXFMAl3tFq3ZQtDn88yDXKcdxlQajcijF_4UPmlduX-r_KxgG0Uhn9pNTaFOjPvuJVa0O2cNixectDEm_H4qHVg6JPiDlC2OGVA6dac39cqmz4nEnV71hWEGjbJirajeMllunchBjm5Iwn72GyP3fpDPf43C_f9b_9uWzscTWyzlpx4HxDQ73sfao1vBFXYTUAwhx6-d2a19vU2AlvAuvboFT0aAMUiPC8N01rhaAEMhv0mQE-G1aHE7W0B434WWfN__33cWEINV_IOA_zlVVSK4xnjR3rKOhwQmjblw_lLHSEWtbmM4IegUlFjKqjTnWnVP5gGc5O2dneQhN02fHNHuM22digMBQzjThze1HzWtBY0UlHkXu-f7STkS2cfmNEtzow5oLpC8QHD10VrI5Rf9L_UZGvqLKR4fN8KqaVBgnxJqk7qgoNGpqNFA22CgqoTTmiRnlJfDbs5BhwKLVT-qEmX1sO0&amp;p=3&amp;v=1 ''Cloud,'' 2004] {{Wayback|url=http://dev.cithosting.nl/SMSv2/ObjectResults.aspx?so=S7_LAA7VO1tftmOOmpAz73qceJn3aEqD2EG5syN9BfaiIT3Na4dcfN6mx4X51xP5_p9JCtKR_TAXJzn5CAFceH0HPk8QnAnmrPSpnkdsEWh69fT-m_Pq521wCi8QoUt7Qjl_4U7iAnUV9TEb0DFDSOxkMbDKYbLKGuwXFMAl3tFq3ZQtDn88yDXKcdxlQajcijF_4UPmlduX-r_KxgG0Uhn9pNTaFOjPvuJVa0O2cNixectDEm_H4qHVg6JPiDlC2OGVA6dac39cqmz4nEnV71hWEGjbJirajeMllunchBjm5Iwn72GyP3fpDPf43C_f9b_9uWzscTWyzlpx4HxDQ73sfao1vBFXYTUAwhx6-d2a19vU2AlvAuvboFT0aAMUiPC8N01rhaAEMhv0mQE-G1aHE7W0B434WWfN__33cWEINV_IOA_zlVVSK4xnjR3rKOhwQmjblw_lLHSEWtbmM4IegUlFjKqjTnWnVP5gGc5O2dneQhN02fHNHuM22digMBQzjThze1HzWtBY0UlHkXu-f7STkS2cfmNEtzow5oLpC8QHD10VrI5Rf9L_UZGvqLKR4fN8KqaVBgnxJqk7qgoNGpqNFA22CgqoTTmiRnlJfDbs5BhwKLVT-qEmX1sO0&amp;p=3&amp;v=1 |date=20160312011532 }} iyo [http://dev.cithosting.nl/SMSv2/ObjectResults.aspx?so=S7_LAA7VO1tftmOOmpAz73qceJn3aEqD2EG5syN9BfaiIT3Na4dcfN6mx4X51xP5_p9JCtKR_TAXJzn5CAFceH0HPk8QnAnmrPSpnkdsEWh69fT-m_Pq521wCi8QoUt7Qjl_4U7iAnUV9TEb0DFDSOxkMbDKYbLKGuwXFMAl3tFq3ZQtDn88yDXKcdxlQajcijF_4UPmlduX-r_KxgG0Uhn9pNTaFOjPvuJVa0O2cNixectDEm_H4qHVg6JPiDlC2OGVA6dac39cqmz4nEnV71hWEGjbJirajeMllunchBjm5Iwn72GyP3fpDPf43C_f9b_9uWzscTWyzlpx4HxDQ73sfao1vBFXYTUAwhx6-d2a19vU2AlvAuvboFT0aAMUiPC8N01rhaAEMhv0mQE-G1aHE7W0B434WWfN__33cWEINV_IOA_zlVVSK4xnjR3rKOhwQmjblw_lLHSEWtbmM4IegUlFjKqjTnWnVP5gGc5O2dneQhN02fHNHuM22digMBQzjThze1HzWtBY0UlHkXu-f7STkS2cfmNEtzow5oLpC8QHD10VrI5Rf9L_UZGvqLKR4fN8KqaVBgnxJqk7qgoNGpqNFA22CgqoTTmiRnlJfDbs5BhwKLVT-qEmX1sO0&amp;p=2&amp;v=1 dhalo weyn oo aan magac lahayn, 2004] {{Wayback|url=http://dev.cithosting.nl/SMSv2/ObjectResults.aspx?so=S7_LAA7VO1tftmOOmpAz73qceJn3aEqD2EG5syN9BfaiIT3Na4dcfN6mx4X51xP5_p9JCtKR_TAXJzn5CAFceH0HPk8QnAnmrPSpnkdsEWh69fT-m_Pq521wCi8QoUt7Qjl_4U7iAnUV9TEb0DFDSOxkMbDKYbLKGuwXFMAl3tFq3ZQtDn88yDXKcdxlQajcijF_4UPmlduX-r_KxgG0Uhn9pNTaFOjPvuJVa0O2cNixectDEm_H4qHVg6JPiDlC2OGVA6dac39cqmz4nEnV71hWEGjbJirajeMllunchBjm5Iwn72GyP3fpDPf43C_f9b_9uWzscTWyzlpx4HxDQ73sfao1vBFXYTUAwhx6-d2a19vU2AlvAuvboFT0aAMUiPC8N01rhaAEMhv0mQE-G1aHE7W0B434WWfN__33cWEINV_IOA_zlVVSK4xnjR3rKOhwQmjblw_lLHSEWtbmM4IegUlFjKqjTnWnVP5gGc5O2dneQhN02fHNHuM22digMBQzjThze1HzWtBY0UlHkXu-f7STkS2cfmNEtzow5oLpC8QHD10VrI5Rf9L_UZGvqLKR4fN8KqaVBgnxJqk7qgoNGpqNFA22CgqoTTmiRnlJfDbs5BhwKLVT-qEmX1sO0&amp;p=2&amp;v=1 |date=20160311153739 }}, SM's-Stedelijk Museum 's-Hertogenbosch/NL

==Taariikhda bandhigyada la doortay==

Xigasho:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selected Exhibition History|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/PEM_artscape/pdf/nathan_begaye_reference-03.pdf|publisher=Peabody Essex Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Farshaxanka Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka ee Matxafka Farshaxanka, Boston''
::Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA
::Nofeembar 20, 2010 – Diseembar 31, 2016
​*''Socdaalka Xiisaha leh: Ururinta Grice ee Farshaxanka Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka''
::Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte, NC
::Luulyo 18, 2009 – Oktoobar 17, 2009
​*''Isgoysyada: Farshaxanka Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka ee Aragti Cusub''
::Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA
::Juun 24, 2006 – Nofeembar 27, 2011
​*''Ruuxa Xorta ah: Fannaanada Cusub ee Dhoobada ee Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka''
::Stedelijk Museum’s, Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
::2006
​*''Laba-nimo: Nathan Begaye + Les Namingha + Dusty Naranjo''
::Museum of Contemporary Native Arts, Santa Fe, NM
::May 12, 2006 – June 25, 2006
​*''Farshaxanka Hindida Mareykanka ee Matxafka Farshaxanka ee Spencer''
::Spencer Museum of Art, Jaamacadda Kansas, Lawrence, KS
::Sebteembar 6, 2003 - Oktoobar 19, 2003
​*''Bandhigga Hindida: Jihooyin Cusub ee Dhoobada Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka ee Koonfur-galbeed''
::Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA
::Nofeembar 16, 2001 – Maarso 17, 2002
​

==Tixraac==

{{reflist|30em}}
​
==Sidoo kale eeg==

*[[:en:Diego Romero (artist)|Diego Romero]]
​{{Authority control}}
​{{DEFAULTSORT:Begaye, Nathan}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Miguel Ángel Brindisi</title>
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      <text bytes="11883" sha1="m4ox3ysyn2vcix3pg6u5fyo4ikm6lst" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography
| name            = Miguel Ángel Brindisi
| image           = Brindisi argentina.jpg
| image_size      =
| caption         = Brindisi oo la jooga xulka qaranka Argentina, 1974
| height          =
| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|1950|10|8|df=y}}
| birth_place     = [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| currentclub     =
| position        = [[Attacking midfielder|Khadka dhexe ee weerarka]], [[striker (association football)|weeraryahan]]
| years1 = 1967–1976 | caps1 = 320  | goals1 = 155  | clubs1 = [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]]
| years2 = 1976–1978 | caps2 = 92   | goals2 = 29   | clubs2 = [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]]
| years3 = 1978–1980 | caps3 = 29   | goals3 = 11   | clubs3 = [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]]
| years4 = 1981–1982 | caps4 = 78   | goals4 = 27   | clubs4 = [[Boca Juniors]]
| years5 = 1983      | caps5 = 19   | goals5 = 3    | clubs5 = [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]]
| years6 = 1984      | caps6 = 38   | goals6 = 9    | clubs6 = [[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]]
| years7 = 1985      | caps7 =      | goals7 = 2    | clubs7 = [[CSD Municipal|Municipal]]
| totalcaps = 576 | totalgoals = 236
| nationalyears1 = 1969–1974 | nationalcaps1 = 46 | nationalgoals1 = 17 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]]
| manageryears1   = 1986       | managerclubs1   = [[Alumni de Villa María]]
| manageryears2   = 1987–1988  | managerclubs2   = [[CSD Municipal|Municipal]]
| manageryears3   = 1989–1991  | managerclubs3   = [[Barcelona Sporting Club|Barcelona SC]]
| manageryears5   = 1991–1992  | managerclubs5   = [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]]
| manageryears6   = 1994–1997  | managerclubs6   = [[Guatemala national football team|Guatemala]]
| manageryears7   = 1994–1995  | managerclubs7   = [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]]
| manageryears8   = 1998–1999  | managerclubs8   = [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]]
| manageryears9   = 2001–2003  | managerclubs9   = [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]]
| manageryears10  = 2003       | managerclubs10  = [[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]]
| manageryears11  = 2003–2004  | managerclubs11  = [[Club Atlético Lanús|Lanús]]
| manageryears12  = 2004–2005  | managerclubs12  = [[Boca Juniors]]
| manageryears13  = 2005–2007  | managerclubs13  = [[Comunicaciones]]
| manageryears14  = 2008       | managerclubs14  = [[F.C. Atlas|Atlas]]
| manageryears15  = 2008–2009  | managerclubs15  = [[Chiapas F.C.|Jaguares]]
| manageryears16  = 2010–2011  | managerclubs16  = [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]]
| manageryears17  = 2013       | managerclubs17  = [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]]
}}
​'''Miguel Ángel Brindisi de Marco''' (dhashay 8 Oktoobar 1950) waa tababare kubbadda cagta Argentine ah iyo ciyaaryahan hore. Isagoo ahaa [[attacking midfielder|khadka dhexe ee weerarka]], wuxuu u ciyaaray [[Argentina national football team|xulka qaranka Argentina]] tartankii [[1974 FIFA World Cup]].
​
==Xirfadda ciyaartoynimo==

[[File:Brindisi babington.jpg|thumb|left|230px|Brindisi (bidix) iyo [[Carlos Babington]], ciyaartoydii fure u ahaa Huracán sanadkii 1973]]
Wuxuu ku dhashay xaafadda [[Almagro, Buenos Aires|Almagro]] ee [[Buenos Aires]], Brindisi wuxuu inta badan xirfadiisa ku qaatay laba xilli oo uu la joogay [[Club Atlético Huracán]], laakiin wuxuu sidoo kale xilliyo la soo qaatay kooxda Isbaanishka ee [[UD Las Palmas]], kooxda Uruguay ee [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]] iyo kooxaha Argentine ee [[Boca Juniors]] iyo [[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]] intii ay ku jireen [[Primera B Metropolitana|Heerka Labaad]]. Intii uu joogay Las Palmas wuxuu ka caawiyay inay gaaraan [[1978 Copa del Rey Final]] halkaas oo goolkiisii uu awoodi waayay inuu ka hor tago inay 3–1 kaga badiso [[FC Barcelona]].
​Brindisi wuxuu qayb ka ahaa laba kooxood oo ku guuleystay [[Primera Division Argentina|horyaalka Argentina]], koobkiisii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ahaa [[1973 Argentine Primera División|1973]] [[Metropolitano championship|Metropolitano]] ee uu la qaaday Club Atlético Huracán. Kooxdaas oo uu maamulayay [[César Menotti]], waxaa si weyn loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay mid ka mid ah kooxaha Argentine ee ugu fiicnaa abid, iyadoo Brindisi uu ahaa ciyaaryahan muhiim ah oo ay weheliyaan [[René Houseman]], [[Carlos Babington]] iyo [[Omar Larrosa]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/2008/01/16/C-1003-huracan-73.php Huracán 73] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/2008/01/16/C-1003-huracan-73.php |date=20190201220150 }} on ''El Gráfico'', 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.clarin.com/deportes/futbol-hecho-fantasia_0_B1DWWZNe0Yg.html El fútbol hecho fantasía], ''Clarín'', 7 September 2002&lt;/ref&gt;
​Ka dib xilli ciyaareedyo uu ku soo qaatay dibadda Argentina, Brindisi waxaa loo wareejiyay Boca Juniors, halkaas oo uu ku guuleystay koobkiisii labaad, [[1981 Argentine Primera División|1981 Metropolitano]]. Isagoo uu tababare u ahaa [[Silvio Marzolini]], Brindisi wuxuu lammaane lama illaawaan ah la noqday [[Diego Maradona]], isagoo sidoo kale goolal badan u dhaliyay kooxda.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/0000/00/00/C-994-boca81.php Boca '81] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/0000/00/00/C-994-boca81.php |date=20190219074959 }} on ''El Gráfico'' web&lt;/ref&gt;
​Brindisi wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa gool-dhaliyaha ugu sarreeya ee Argentine Primera ee tartankii [[Metropolitano championship]] ee 1972 isagoo dhaliyay 21 gool.
​Brindisi wuxuu u ciyaaray xulka qaranka Argentina isagoo saftay 46 kulan, dhaliyayna 17 gool.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/arg-recintlp.html rsssf: Argentina record international players] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001102010215/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/arg-recintlp.html |date=2 November 2000 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
​
==Xirfadda tababarenimo==

Brindisi wuxuu markiisii ugu horreysay madax-tababare u noqday [[Club Alumni de Villa María]] sanadkii 1986, kooxdiisii xigtay waxay ahayd [[CSD Municipal]] ee Guatemala, taas oo uu u horseeday horyaalka [[Liga Nacional de Guatemala]] sanadihii 1987 iyo 1988. Kooxda xigta ee Brindisi uu la wareegay waxay ahayd [[Barcelona Sporting Club]] ee Ecuador halkaas oo uu kooxda u horseeday horyaalka qaranka sanadihii 1989 iyo 1991 iyo finalka Libertadores Cup sanadkii 1990. Ka dib wuxuu soo maamulay kooxaha [[RCD Espanyol]] iyo [[UD Las Palmas]] ee Spain. Ka dib markii uu Guatemala maamulayay dhowr sano&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/especiales/ME/guatefut/10.html |publisher=[[Prensa Libre (Guatemala)|Prensa Libre]] |title=''Guatemala, 100 años de fútbol — Municipal'' |access-date=10 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209012134/http://www.prensalibre.com/especiales/ME/guatefut/10.html |archive-date=9 December 2006 |language=es |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuu noqday tababaraha [[Guatemala national football team|xulka qaranka Guatemala]], kaas oo uu mas'uul ka ahaa intii lagu guda jiray [[1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)|geedi-socodka isreeb-reebka Koobka Adduunka 1994]] iyo markii labaad sanadkii 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/especiales/ME/guatefut/15.html |publisher=[[Prensa Libre (Guatemala)|Prensa Libre]] |title=''Guatemala, 100 años de fútbol — Técnicos en la historia'' |access-date=10 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119225522/http://www.prensalibre.com/especiales/ME/guatefut/15.html |archive-date=19 November 2006 |language=es |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Brindisi wuxuu la wareegay [[Club Atlético Independiente]] ee heerka koowaad, wuxuuna ka caawiyay kooxda inay ku guuleysato saddex koob; Clausura 1994, [[Supercopa Sudamericana]] 1994 iyo [[Recopa Sudamericana]] 1995. Brindisi wuxuu markaas xilli maamulayay kooxdiisii hore iyo kooxda ay sida aadka ah u xafiiltamaan Independiente; Racing Club, iyo xilli uu maamulayay Huracán. Brindisi wuxuu la wareegay [[Club Atlético Lanús]] sanadkii 2003, ka dibna wuxuu noqday tababaraha Boca Juniors Luulyo 2004, laakiin wuxuu iscasilay 22 kulan oo kaliya ka dib markii laga adkaaday River Plate. Wuxuu markaas noqday tababaraha [[Comunicaciones]] sanadkii 2005.
​Brindisi wuxuu ahaa madax-tababaraha [[Chiapas F.C.|Chiapas]] ee Mexico waxaana la eryay 5 May 2009.
​Waxaa loo magacaabay tababaraha [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]] bishii Sebtember 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.clarin.com/deportes/futbol/Brindisi-reemplazo-Rivoira-pura-velocidad_0_339566164.html | newspaper=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] | title=''Brindisi reemplazó a Rivoira a pura velocidad'' | access-date=21 September 2010 | language=es | archive-date=3 Bisha Saddexaad 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165103/http://www.clarin.com/deportes/futbol/Brindisi-reemplazo-Rivoira-pura-velocidad_0_339566164.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna iscasilay khatar dhab ah oo dhanka heer-ka-dhicista ah darteed xilli ciyaareedyadii 2010/11.
​Bishii Noofambar 2014, waxaa la sheegay inuu ka mid ahaa tababarayaasha codsaday shaqada bannaan ee [[India national football team|xulka qaranka Hindiya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Top coaches vie for India job|newspaper=The Times of India|page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
​
==Sharafta==

===Ciyaaryahan===

'''Huracán'''
*[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]: [[1973 Argentine Primera División|1973 Metropolitano]]
​'''Las Palmas'''
*[[Copa del Rey]] kaalinta labaad: [[1978 Copa del Rey final|1977–78]]
​'''Boca Juniors'''
*[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]: [[1981 Argentine Primera División|1981 Metropolitano]]
​'''Nacional'''
*[[Uruguayan Primera División|Primera División]]: [[1983 Uruguayan Primera División|1983]]
​'''Shaqsiyad'''
*[[Argentine Primera División]] gool-dhaliyaha ugu sarreeya: [[1972 Argentine Primera División|1972 Metropolitano]] (21 gool)
*[[Footballer of the Year of Argentina]]: 1973
*[[South American Footballer of the Year#Winners|Abaalmarinta Silver-ka ee Ciyaaryahanka Sanadka ee Koonfurta Ameerika]]: 1973&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=South American Player of the Year 1973|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/sampoy73.html|access-date=2021-12-19|website=[[RSSSF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Mundo Deportivo|Kooxda Sanadka ee La Liga]]: 1979&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1979/06/07/pagina-18/1045776/pdf.html |website=Hemeroteca - El Mundo Deportivo |title=Mundo Deportivo La Liga Team of the Year|access-date=30 October 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Argentine Football Association|Kooxda AFA ee Abid]] (la daabacay 2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=La Selección de Todos los Tiempos |trans-title=The Team of All Time |publisher=Argentine Football Association |language=es |date=4 January 2016 |url=http://www.afa.com.ar/3023/la-seleccion-de-todos-los-tiempos |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814210638/http://www.afa.com.ar/3023/la-seleccion-de-todos-los-tiempos |archive-date=14 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
​
===Tababare===

'''CSD Municipal'''
*[[Liga Nacional de Guatemala|Liga Nacional]]: 1987, 1988
​'''Barcelona S.C.'''
*[[Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol]]: 1989, 1991
*[[Copa Libertadores]] kaalinta labaad: [[1990 Copa Libertadores|1990]]
​'''Independiente'''
*[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]: [[1993–94 Argentine Primera División|1994 Clausura]]
*[[Supercopa Sudamericana]]: [[1994 Supercopa Sudamericana|1994]]
*[[Recopa Sudamericana]]: [[1995 Recopa Sudamericana|1995]]
​
==Tixraac==

{{Reflist}}
​
==Xiriirinta dibadda==

{{Commons category|Miguel Brindisi}}
​*{{NFT player|18617}}
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020025157/http://futbolfactory.futbolweb.net/index.php?ff=historicos&amp;f2=00001&amp;idjugador=290 |date=20 October 2007 |title=Futbol Factory profile}} {{in lang|es}}
​{{DEFAULTSORT:Brindisi, Miguel Angel}}</text>
      <sha1>m4ox3ysyn2vcix3pg6u5fyo4ikm6lst</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muuse Dhimbil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47547</id>
    <revision>
      <id>302520</id>
      <parentid>302376</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T22:05:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-39539-85</username>
        <id>46503</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Notable figures */</comment>
      <origin>302520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="5719" sha1="44fc2gr036p58qwwsc3cqsnw9gkfoxj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Muuse Dhimbil 
| native_name      = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}}
| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
|region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}}
Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;
==Hordhac ==
Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.

==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Muuse Dhimbil 
**Abdale Muse
***Muse Abdale 
****Abdalleh Muse
*****Jibril Abdalle
******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil)
*******Hersi Kalil
*******Egal Kalil
*******Deria kalil
*******Ali kalil
******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan)
*******Aden Mohamed 
********Benin Aden
********Nour Aden
********Ali Aden
********Adan Aden
******Abdi Jibril 
*******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi)
********Mumin Ali
********Naleye Ali
********Hussein Ali
*********Mohamed Hussien
*********Nour Hussien
*********Deria Hussien
**********Hassan Dire
**********Aden Dirie 
**********Guled Dirie 
***********Abdalle Guled
***********Mohamed Guled
***********Jama Guled 
*******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur)
********Ismail Nour
********Hersi Nour
********Gabal Nour
********Mohamed Nour
*******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin)
*******Abdille Abdi
********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab)
*********Ismail Gallab
*********Asker Gallab
********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye)
*********Guled Eiae
*********Sharmake Eiae 
********Mohamed Abdille
*********Roble Ahmed
*********Ainanshe Ahmed 
*********Wais Ahmed 
*********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh)
**********Ismail Dhible
**********Barre Dhible
*********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali)
*********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) 
**********Derie Gubadleh 
**********Boqorre Gubdleh 

****Mohamoud Muse 
*****Shirdon Mohamoud 
******Hamud Shirdon
******Jama Shirdon
******Geele Shirdon
*****Hildiid Mohamoud 
******Ali Hildiid 
******Osman Hildiid 
******Geedi Hildiid
******Hersi Hildiid
{{tree list/end}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil
!Magaca 
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Tirada Qabiilada
!Magacyada Qabiilada
!Deegaanka
!Sharaxaad Kooban
|-
|| '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer||
*Mumin Ali
*Naleye Ali
*Hussien Ali
**Abdalle Hussien
**Mohamed Hussein 
**Nour Hussein 
**Dirie Hussien 
***Hassan Dire 
***Aden Dirie 
***Guled Dirie 
**Abdalle Guled
**Mohamed Guled
**Jama Guled
||Dalka [[Somaliland]]:
*Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]].

*Dalka [[Itoobiya]]:
*magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]]
||
* Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|| '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer||
*Ismail Nour
*Gabal Nour
*Hersi Nour
*Mohamed Nour
||Dalka [[Somaliland]]:
*Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]].

*Dalka [[Itoobiya]]:
*magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] 
||
* Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha 
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|| '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar  Reer||
*Ahmed Benin
*Hersi Benin
*Osman Bein
*Naleye Ahmed
||Dalka [[Somaliland]]:
*Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. 

*Dalka [[Itoobiya]]:
*magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]]
* Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha.
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|| '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer||
*Gallab abdille
*Eiye Abdille
*Mohamed Abdille
||Dalka [[Somaliland]]:
*Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]

*Dalka [[Itoobiya]]:
*magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]]
||
* Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha
|}

==Notable figures== 

=== Politicians ===
* Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health 
* Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning 
* Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician.
* Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia

===Military===
* Mahamoud Ismail Gabush  – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader.
*Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. 
* Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border
* Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland.
* Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard
* Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship

===Intellectuals===
* Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University.
* Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader 
* Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician
* Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan
* Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University.

=== Journalists===
* Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist

==Tixraac==</text>
      <sha1>44fc2gr036p58qwwsc3cqsnw9gkfoxj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>302597</id>
      <parentid>302520</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-16T07:23:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-39539-85</username>
        <id>46503</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Intellectuals */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5729" sha1="m7mb5prq72f6hu2yltpo1akn64v80al" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Muuse Dhimbil 
| native_name      = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}}
| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
|region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}}
Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;
==Hordhac ==
Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.

==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Muuse Dhimbil 
**Abdale Muse
***Muse Abdale 
****Abdalleh Muse
*****Jibril Abdalle
******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil)
*******Hersi Kalil
*******Egal Kalil
*******Deria kalil
*******Ali kalil
******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan)
*******Aden Mohamed 
********Benin Aden
********Nour Aden
********Ali Aden
********Adan Aden
******Abdi Jibril 
*******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi)
********Mumin Ali
********Naleye Ali
********Hussein Ali
*********Mohamed Hussien
*********Nour Hussien
*********Deria Hussien
**********Hassan Dire
**********Aden Dirie 
**********Guled Dirie 
***********Abdalle Guled
***********Mohamed Guled
***********Jama Guled 
*******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur)
********Ismail Nour
********Hersi Nour
********Gabal Nour
********Mohamed Nour
*******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin)
*******Abdille Abdi
********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab)
*********Ismail Gallab
*********Asker Gallab
********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye)
*********Guled Eiae
*********Sharmake Eiae 
********Mohamed Abdille
*********Roble Ahmed
*********Ainanshe Ahmed 
*********Wais Ahmed 
*********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh)
**********Ismail Dhible
**********Barre Dhible
*********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali)
*********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) 
**********Derie Gubadleh 
**********Boqorre Gubdleh 

****Mohamoud Muse 
*****Shirdon Mohamoud 
******Hamud Shirdon
******Jama Shirdon
******Geele Shirdon
*****Hildiid Mohamoud 
******Ali Hildiid 
******Osman Hildiid 
******Geedi Hildiid
******Hersi Hildiid
{{tree list/end}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil
!Magaca 
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Tirada Qabiilada
!Magacyada Qabiilada
!Deegaanka
!Sharaxaad Kooban
|-
|| '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer||
*Mumin Ali
*Naleye Ali
*Hussien Ali
**Abdalle Hussien
**Mohamed Hussein 
**Nour Hussein 
**Dirie Hussien 
***Hassan Dire 
***Aden Dirie 
***Guled Dirie 
**Abdalle Guled
**Mohamed Guled
**Jama Guled
||Dalka [[Somaliland]]:
*Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]].

*Dalka [[Itoobiya]]:
*magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]]
||
* Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|| '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer||
*Ismail Nour
*Gabal Nour
*Hersi Nour
*Mohamed Nour
||Dalka [[Somaliland]]:
*Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]].

*Dalka [[Itoobiya]]:
*magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] 
||
* Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha 
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|| '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar  Reer||
*Ahmed Benin
*Hersi Benin
*Osman Bein
*Naleye Ahmed
||Dalka [[Somaliland]]:
*Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. 

*Dalka [[Itoobiya]]:
*magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]]
* Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha.
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|| '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer||
*Gallab abdille
*Eiye Abdille
*Mohamed Abdille
||Dalka [[Somaliland]]:
*Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]

*Dalka [[Itoobiya]]:
*magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]]
||
* Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha
|}

==Notable figures== 

=== Politicians ===
* Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health 
* Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning 
* Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician.
* Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia

===Military===
* Mahamoud Ismail Gabush  – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader.
*Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. 
* Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border
* Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland.
* Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard
* Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship

===Intellectuals===
* Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University.
* Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader 
* Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician
* Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and assistant lecturer at one of the universities of Germany 
* Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University.

=== Journalists===
* Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist

==Tixraac==</text>
      <sha1>m7mb5prq72f6hu2yltpo1akn64v80al</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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    <title>Beeaha Ali Abdi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47600</id>
    <revision>
      <id>302515</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-39539-85</username>
        <id>46503</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Abtirsiin */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1688" sha1="jomjbt7vas64qlzpzdncqjdqxqmbjzw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Rer Ali-Abdi
| native_name      = 
| flag             = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}
| regions          = 
| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
}}
Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi (Rer Ali-Abbdi)
**Mumin Ali 
**Hussein Ali  
***Abdalle Hussien 
***Mohamed Hussein 
***Dirie Hussein
***Hassan Dirie 
***Aden Dirie 
***Guled Dirie 
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe  Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

==Tixraac==</text>
      <sha1>jomjbt7vas64qlzpzdncqjdqxqmbjzw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>302516</id>
      <parentid>302515</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T20:39:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-39539-85</username>
        <id>46503</id>
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      <comment>/* Abtirsiin */</comment>
      <origin>302516</origin>
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      <text bytes="1704" sha1="446p0iib6olhxpvclb3z4id0x7em5o8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Rer Ali-Abdi
| native_name      = 
| flag             = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}
| regions          = 
| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
}}
Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi (Rer Ali-Abbdi)
**Mumin Ali 
**Naleye Ali
**Hussein Ali  
***Abdalle Hussien 
***Mohamed Hussein 
***Dirie Hussein
****Hassan Dirie 
****Aden Dirie 
****Guled Dirie 
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe  Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

==Tixraac==</text>
      <sha1>446p0iib6olhxpvclb3z4id0x7em5o8</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>302517</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-15T20:46:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>46503</id>
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      <text bytes="1757" sha1="aj1nn0be09m2rjmolfoquz00srka433" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Rer Ali-Abdi
| native_name      = 
| flag             = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}
| regions          = 
| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
}}
Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi (Rer Ali-Abbdi)
**Mumin Ali 
**Naleye Ali
**Hussein Ali  
***Abdalle Hussien 
***Mohamed Hussein 
***Dirie Hussein
****Hassan Dirie 
****Aden Dirie 
****Guled Dirie
*****Abdalle Guled
*****Mohamed Guled
*****Jama Guled
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe  Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

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| group            = Rer Ali-Abdi
| native_name      = 
| flag             = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}
| regions          = 
| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
}}
Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi 
**Mumin Ali 
**Naleye Ali
**Hussein Ali  
***Abdalle Hussien 
***Mohamed Hussein 
***Dirie Hussein
****Hassan Dirie 
****Aden Dirie 
****Guled Dirie
*****Abdalle Guled
*****Mohamed Guled
*****Jama Guled
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe  Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

==Tixraac==</text>
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| native_name      = 
| flag             = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}
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| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
}}
Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Muuse Dhimbil , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Muse dhimbil. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi 
**Mumin Ali 
**Naleye Ali
**Hussein Ali  
***Abdalle Hussien 
***Mohamed Hussein 
***Dirie Hussein
****Hassan Dirie 
****Aden Dirie 
****Guled Dirie
*****Abdalle Guled
*****Mohamed Guled
*****Jama Guled
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe  Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

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| native_name      = 
| flag             = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}
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| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
}}
Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Muuse Dhimbil , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Muse dhimbil. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi 
**Mumin Ali 
**Naleye Ali
**Hussein Ali  
***Abdalle Hussien 
***Mohamed Hussein 
***Ziyad Hussein 
***Dirie Hussein
****Hassan Dirie 
****Aden Dirie 
****Guled Dirie
*****Abdalle Guled
*****Mohamed Guled
*****Jama Guled
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe  Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

==Tixraac==</text>
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| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
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Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Muuse Dhimbil , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Muse dhimbil. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi 
**Mumin Ali 
**Naleye Ali
**Hussein Ali  
***Abdalle Hussien 
***Sead Hussein 
***Mohamed Hussein  
***Dirie Hussein
****Hassan Dirie 
****Aden Dirie 
****Guled Dirie
*****Abdalle Guled
*****Mohamed Guled
*****Jama Guled
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe  Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

==Tixraac==</text>
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| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
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Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Muuse Dhimbil , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Muse dhimbil. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi 
**Mumin Ali 
**Naleye Ali
**Hussein Ali  
***Abdalle Hussien 
***Sead Hussein 
***Mohamed Hussein  
***Dirie Hussein
****Hassan Dirie 
****Aden Dirie 
****Guled Dirie
*****Abdalle Guled
*****Mohamed Guled
*****Jama Guled
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe  Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

==Tixraac==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bakhaarka Kaydinta iyo Gaadiidka Shidaalka ee Mahathi</title>
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| name = Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| country = {{flag|Uganda}}
| location = Bugiri - Tuulada Bukasa, [[Wakiso District]]
| coordinates = {{coord|00|07|23|N|32|34|10|E|display=inline, title}}
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|12|30}}&lt;ref name=&quot;0R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uganda-ships-maiden-fuel-cargo-from-kisumu-port--4073616 |title=Uganda ships maiden fuel cargo from Kisumu port |work=[[Business Daily Africa]] |date=3 January 2023 |author=John Mutua |access-date=21 May 2023 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| operated =
| owner = Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited
| type = Natural/Artificial
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
| size =
| draft_depth =
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees =
| leadershiptitle =
| leader =
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage =
| containervolume =
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic =
| revenue =
| profit =
| website = 
| blankstats1 =
}}

'''Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot''' waa xarun gaar loo leeyahay oo ku taal beriga iyo xeebta harada oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka iyo kaydinta shidaalka ee dalka [[Uganda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.psfuganda.org/15-psfu-news/304-psfu-visits-mahathi-infra-uganda-limited.html |title=PSFU visits Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |publisher=Private Sector Foundation Uganda |date=4 September 2020 |author=Private Sector Foundation Uganda |access-date=17 September 2020 |place=Kampala |archive-date=23 Bisha Sagaalaad 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923062554/https://www.psfuganda.org/15-psfu-news/304-psfu-visits-mahathi-infra-uganda-limited.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Betroolka, kerosene-ka, naaftada iyo shidaalka diyaaradaha ee Jet A1 ayaa dooni looga soo qaadaa [[Kisumu]], iyadoo la soo marinayo [[Lake Victoria]] oo ku taal dalka dariska ah ee Kenya. Shidaalka ayaa lagu kaydiyaa halkan waxaana booyado loogu qaadaa meelaha ugu dambeeya ee loo destiny gareeyay oo ku yaal Uganda, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] iyo [[South Sudan]], taasoo si weyn u dhimaysa waqtiga dhalinta iyo kharashka gaadiidka.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

==Goobta==
Xaruntu waxay ku taal xeebta waqooyi-bari ee [[Lake Nalubaale]], oo ku fadhida qiyaastii {{convert|30|acre|0}}, agagaarka Bugiri-Bukasa ee [[Wakiso District]], meel ka baxsan [[Kampala–Entebbe Road]], qiyaastii {{convert|36|km|0}}, dhanka wadada, koonfur ka xigta bartamaha ganacsiga ee [[Kampala]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/MAHATHI+INFRA+UGANDA+LIMITED/@0.3683318,32.504575,12z/data=!4m19!4m18!1m10!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!3m4!1m2!1d32.5279451!2d0.184479!3s0x177d9a05ae7b1983:0x1569a93cb6b3a6d!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d8fdbe656b3e7:0x6b92e6c55ebceccd!2m2!1d32.5667661!2d0.1216634!3e0 |title=Road Distance From Central Kampala To Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|24|km|0}}, dhanka wadada, waqooyi-bari ee [[Entebbe International Airport]].&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Entebbe+aircargo+transporter,+14+Kitaasa+Rd,+Entebbe/MAHATHI+INFRA+UGANDA+LIMITED/@0.0877034,32.4344025,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d86cd37ba81af:0x9daba139d6433d1f!2m2!1d32.4417945!2d0.0435913!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d8fdbe656b3e7:0x6b92e6c55ebceccd!2m2!1d32.5667661!2d0.1216634!3e0 |title=Travel Distance Between Entebbe International Airport And Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iskuduwayaasha juqraafi ee Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot waa 00°07'23.0&quot;N, 32°34'10.0&quot;E (Latitude:0.123056; Longitude:32.569444).&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B007'23.0%22N+32%C2%B034'10.0%22E/@0.1238951,32.5648922,934m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.1230556!4d32.5694444 |title=Location of Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Guud mar==
Xarunta waxaa iska leh [[consortium]], oo ka kooban (a) Mahathi Infra Group oo laga leeyahay dalka Hindiya (b) Siginon Group oo laga leeyahay dalka Kenya iyo (c) Fortune Energy oo laga leeyahay dalka Uganda. Consortium-kan ayaa diiwaangaliyay shirkad ujeeddo gaar ah leh (SPV) si ay u fuliso mashruuca. Shirkadda SPV waxaa la yiraahdaa ''Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited'' (MIUL).&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kisumu jetty all set, but Uganda asks for time to fix complex parts |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kisumu-port-the-long-wait-for-kenya-as-uganda-dithers-2195370 |date=17 September 2020 |author=James Anyanzwa and Njiraini Muchira |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-date=18 Bisha Sagaalaad 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918005839/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kisumu-port-the-long-wait-for-kenya-as-uganda-dithers-2195370 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kaydku wuxuu leeyahay 14 taangi oo kayd ah oo awood u leh inay qaadaan {{convert|70,000,000|liter|0}} oo shidaal ah. Tani waxay oggolaanaysaa meel ku filan oo lagu ganacsado shidaalka dhex mara waddamada loo destiny gareeyay, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in Uganda ay isticmaasho oo kaliya {{convert|4,500,000|liter|0}} oo shidaal ah maalin kasta. Shirkadaha waaweyn ee saliidda ee gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Shell Oil]], [[Total SE]] iyo [[MOGAS Group|Mogas]], ayaa heshiisyo sahay ah la saxiixday Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt;

Nidaamka taangiyada kaydinta ka sokow, qaybta Uganda ee mashruuca waxay ku lug leedahay dhismaha deked yar (jetty) oo dhererkeedu yahay 220 mitir oo ay ku jiraan afar dhuumood oo u gooni ah, mid kasta oo ka mid ah afarta nooc ee shidaalka la sifeeyay. Sidoo kale, tas-hiilaadka loogu talagalay ku xirashada maraakiibta saliidda iyo dhismaha afar doonyood oo waaweyn oo booyado shidaal ah (barges), oo mid kastaaba leeyahay awood dhan {{convert|4,400,000|litre|0}}, ayaa qayb ka ah mashruuca. Dooni kasta oo barge ah waxay leedahay awood u dhiganta qiyaastii 150 booyadaha shidaalka ee dhulka ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=21 September 2019 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-oil-jetty-remains-idle-a-year-on-as-uganda-construction-yet-to-take-off-1427676 |title=Kenya oil jetty remains idle a year on as Uganda construction yet to take off |access-date=17 September 2020 |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] |author=Njiraini Muchira |location=Nairobi |archive-date=18 Bisha Sagaalaad 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918010602/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-oil-jetty-remains-idle-a-year-on-as-uganda-construction-yet-to-take-off-1427676 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kharashka iyo maalgelinta==
Wadarta kharashka mashruuca waxaa lagu qiyaasay US$270 milyan. Wadarta guud, US$70 milyan waxaa laga soo amaahday [[Equity Group Holdings|Equity Group]]. US$200 milyan ee soo hartay waxaa soo ururiyey shirkadaha xubnaha ka ah consortium-ka.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt;

==Dhismaha==
Dhismaha wuxuu bilowday sanadkii 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://observer.ug/businessnews/52800-indian-firm-wins-oil-route-on-lake-victoria |title=Indian firm wins oil route on Lake Victoria |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]] |date=10 May 2017 | author=Jeff Mbanga |access-date=17 September 2020 | location=Kampala}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markay ahayd September 2020, shaqadu waxay ahayd 80 boqolkiiba mid dhammaatay, iyadoo la filayay in la rari karo qeybta hore ee sanadka 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt; Markay ahayd October 2021, dhismuhu wuxuu ahaa mid qarka u saaran inuu dhammaado, iyadoo la filayay in hawlaha ganacsiga la bilaabo December 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=29 October 2021 | url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2021/10/mahathi-infra-uganda-oil-terminal-impress-busoga-king-kyabazinga/ |title=Mahathi Infra Uganda Oil Terminal Impress Busoga King &quot;Kyabazinga&quot; |work=[[Red Pepper (newspaper)|Red Pepper Uganda]] |author=Brian Musaasizi | access-date=30 October 2021 |location=Mukono, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii January 2022, wargeyska [[New Vision]] ayaa sheegay in hawlaha ganacsiga loo qorsheeyay inay bilowdaan March 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| work=[[New Vision]] |date=24 January 2021 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/125109/uganda-readies-more-kawuku-fuel-reservoirs |title=Uganda readies more Kawuku fuel reservoirs |author=Abbey Ramadhan |access-date=24 January 2022 |place=Kampala, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la dhammaystiray sanadkii 2022 waxaana shixnaddii ugu horreysay ee shidaal ah xarunta lagu helay 30 December 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;0R&quot;/&gt;

==Horumarka==
Bishii August 2023 Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited waxay maalgelin ka heshay [[Africa Finance Corporation]], oo ah qaab amaah ah oo dhan US$95.25 milyan (USh353 bilyan) si loogu isticmaalo soo iibinta kaabayaal cusub iyo ballaarinta kaydkan shidaalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;LoanR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mahathi-secures-sh353-billion-for-barges-on-lake-victoria/ |title=Mahathi secures Sh353 billion for barges on Lake Victoria |work=[[The Independent (Uganda)]] |date=24 August 2023 |author=Uganda Radio Network | access-date=26 August 2023 | location=Kampala, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalgelintan, MIUL waxay qorshaynaysaa inay fuliso kuwan soo socda:&lt;ref name=&quot;LoanR&quot;/&gt;

* Dhisidda laba doonyood oo cusub (barges) kuwaas oo shidaalka ka soo qaadi doona [[Kisumu]], Kenya, iyadoo la marsiinayo Lake Victoria ilaa Uganda
* Dhisidda meelaha wax lagu raro ee loogu talagalay 20 booyadaha shidaalka ah
* Dhisidda meel baarkin ah oo qaadi karta 50 booyadaha shidaalka ah.

Horaantii sanadkii 2023, shirkaddu waxay muujisay niyaddeeda ku aaddan inay dhigto dhuumaha shidaalka la sifeeyay oo dhexmara Uganda iyo Rwanda si shidaalka la sifeeyay loogu qaado dalka dambe. Tani waxay yarayn doontaa ciriiriga, waxyeellada iyo xirashada waddooyinka Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;PipeR&quot;&gt;{{cite web| work=[[Daily Monitor]] |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-in-support-of-initiative-to-set-up-oil-pipeline-to-rwanda-4298914 | title=Govt in support of initiative to set up oil pipeline to Rwanda |date=10 July 2023 |author=Eve Muganga |access-date=26 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale==
* [[Bukasa Inland Port]]

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [https://www.works.go.ug/component/k2/item/55-infra-mahathi-project-oil-jetti-entebbe About Mahathi Infra Uganda Refined Oil Products Project] {{Wayback|url=https://www.works.go.ug/component/k2/item/55-infra-mahathi-project-oil-jetti-entebbe |date=20251012011202 }}
* [https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1419512/president-meets-victoria-fuel-transport-investors President meets L. Victoria fuel transport investors] Markay ahayd 14 March 2016.

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mashruuca Dekedda Rakaabka iyo Doonta RoRo ee Zanzibar</title>
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      <text bytes="10827" sha1="j5m4n5ksqec3oiqeyreeiqcdhvhnf3j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox building
| name = Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal Project
| image = Zanzibar Ferry Terminal Rendering.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Muqaalka naqshadda dekedda la qorsheeyay, Zanzibar
| location = Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), [[Unguja]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzania]]
| coordinates = 
| groundbreaking_date = November 2024
| completion_date = 2027 (la qiyaasay)
| cost = US$250 milyan (Wajiga A)
| developer = [https://www.zfdevco.com/ Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.)]
| building_type = Dekedda rakaabka iyo doomaha RoRo feri
| size = 29 Ha
| seating_capacity = 3 milyan oo rakaab ah sanadkii
| owner = [https://www.zpc.go.tz/ Zanzibar Ports Corporation]
}}

Mashruuca '''Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal Project''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Maruhubi Ferry Terminal Project''') waa horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo ku salaysan [[public–private partnership|iskaashiga dawladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay (PPP)]] ee Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), oo ku taal [[Unguja|Jasiiradda Unguja]], Zanzibar, Tanzania. Mashruucan waxaa hormuud ka ah shirkadda Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zfdevco.com/|title=ZF Devco|date=October 6, 2025|website=ZF Devco}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo [[partnership|iskaashi]] la samaynaysa [[Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar|Dawladda Kacaanka ee Zanzibar]] iyada oo loo marayo Shirkadda Dekedaha Zanzibar (Zanzibar Ports Corporation).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zpc.go.tz/|title=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation|website=www.zpc.go.tz}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka ballaaran ee dawladda ee lagu casriyeynayo [[maritime transport|gaadiidka badda]] iyo in lagu hagaajiyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya Zanzibar iyo dhul-waynaha Tanzania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=2024-08-20 |title=Dutch entity to construct a new terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://magazine.feaffa.com/dutch-entity-to-construct-a-new-terminal-in-zanzibar/ |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Freight Logistics Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-02-05 |title=Dutch company to build ferry terminal in Tanzania |url=https://www.constructionbriefing.com/news/dutch-company-to-build-ferry-terminal-in-tanzania/8034876.article |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Construction Briefing |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==

Dawladdu waxay u qoondeysay qiyaastii US$250 milyan deked cusub oo rakaab ah oo laga dhisayo Maruhubi si loo yareeyo culeyska saaran Malindi loona u hoggaansamo heerarka caalamiga ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;The-Guardian-Zanzibar-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zanzibar sets out $250m for modernised passenger port |url=https://www.ippmedia.com/the-guardian/news/local-news/read/zanzibar-sets-out-250m-for-modernised-passenger-port-2025-08-28-083139 |publisher=The Guardian (Zanzibar) |date=28 August 2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maamulka ayaa rajeynaya in marka la gaaro sanadka 2027 dhammaan hawlihii rakaabka ee hadda laga fulin jiray Malindi loo wareejin doono dekedda cusub ee Maruhubi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily-News-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zanzibar charts path to become EA new trade hub |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/zanzibar-charts-path-to-become-ea-new-trade-hub/ |publisher=Daily News (Tanzania) |date=30 August 2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naqshadaynta, Horumarinta iyo Isbahaysiga ==

Mashruucan waxaa lagu horumarinayaa habka [[public–private partnership|iskaashiga dawladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay (PPP)]]. Billowgii sanadkii 2024, Shirkadda Dekedaha Zanzibar waxay heshiis tanaasul ah ([[Concession (contract)|concession agreement]]) la saxiixatay shirkadda ZF Devco b.v., oo ah isbahaysi ka kooban shirkado u dhashay dalka Holland iyo Tanzania, si ay u dhisaan, u maalgeliyaan, u naqshadeeyaan, u weyneeyaan, ugana hawlgalaan xarunta cusub. Shirkadda [[Clyde &amp; Co]] ayaa bixisay adeegyo la-talin sharci oo ku saabsan heshiiskan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Clyde &amp; Co advises ZF Devco on development of a new Passenger Ferry and Ro-Ro Terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://www.clydeco.com/en/about/news/2024/02/clyde-co-advises-zf-devco-on-new-passenger-ferry |publisher=Clyde &amp; Co |date=1 February 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025 |archive-date=11 Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911154112/https://www.clydeco.com/en/about/news/2024/02/clyde-co-advises-zf-devco-on-new-passenger-ferry |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isbahaysiga naqshadaynta iyo qorshaynta waxaa ka mid ah shirkadaha [[C Concept Design|C Concept Design b.v.]], Rebel,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rebelgroup.com/nl/|title=Adviseur en investeerder voor de toekomst &amp;#124; Rebel|date=January 8, 2024|website=Rebelgroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; Delta Marine Consultants,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dmc.nl/|title=DMC &amp;#124;|website=www.dmc.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; OrangeGaia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://orangegaia.com/|title=OrangeGaia - Invest with Purpose|website=orangegaia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Borgh Go,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://borghgo.com/|title=Borgh Go|website=Borgh Go}}&lt;/ref&gt; CDR,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cdr-international.nl/|title=Home - CDR International}}&lt;/ref&gt; MultiStruct,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.multistruct.co.tz/|title=MultiStruct Tanzania Ltd (MSL)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songoro Marine Transport,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://songoromarine.com/|title=Songoro Marine Transport LTD – Specialists in shipbuilding &amp; marine construction|website=Songoro Marine Transport LTD}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Kengo TZ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kengo.africa/|title=Kengo Strategic Consulting Tanzania|website=Kengo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qorshaha guud wuxuu ka kooban yahay dekedda rakaabka, dekedda baabuurta ee [[Roll-on/roll-off|RoRo]] (roll-on/roll-off), adeegyada bulshada, hoteelo iyo meelo lagu nasto, goobo carwooyin iyo goobo ganacsi oo tafaariiq ah. Sifooyinka [[Sustainability|waara]] sida [[solar energy|tamarta qorraxda]], haynta biyaha, iyo [[Rainwater harvesting|ururinta biyaha roobka]] ayaa lagu dhex daray qorshaha.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Machadka [[Jane Goodall Institute|The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI)]] ee Zanzibar ayaa gacan ka geystay raridda iyo dhowrista dhirta [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka) ee mashruuca.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZF Devco and Jane Goodall Institute complete successful mangrove conservation relocation in Zanzibar |url=https://zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-jane-goodall-institute-complete-successful-mangrove-conservation-relocation-in-zanzibar |publisher=ZF Devco |date=2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baaxadda Mashruuca iyo Wajiyada ==

Goobta horumarinta waxay ku fadhidaa qiyaastii 29 hektar, oo ay ku jirto 19 hektar oo ah [[Land reclamation|dhul bad laga soo dhigay]], oo ku yaal waqooyiga [[Stone Town]] ee Maruhubi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZF Devco and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar unveil partnership for the development of the Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-the-revolutionary-government-of-zanzibar-rgov-unveil-partnership-for-the-development-of-the-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal-in-zanzibar-tanzania |publisher=ZF Devco |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wajiga A (Wajiga A.1, Wajiga A.2 iyo Wajiga A.3) wuxuu diiradda saarayaa kaabayaasha badda ee muhiimka ah: dekedda rakaabka feri (terminaalka doonta rakaabka oo qiyaastii ah 22,000 m²), dekedda RoRo (qiyaastii ah 4,000 m²), iyo tas-hiilaadka bulshada. Wajiyada dambe waxaa la filayaa in lagu kordhiyo xarun [[Logistics center|loojistiko]], goobo carwooyin, xafiisyo, hoteelo, meelo ganacsi, iyo suurtoogalnimada tas-hiilaad loogu talagalay [[water taxi|tagsiyada biyaha]] iyo [[seaplane|diyaaradaha badda ku dega]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zanzibar signs US$400 million deal for passenger port construction |url=https://abdas.org/2024/01/31/zanzibar-signs-us400-million-deal-for-passenger-port-construction/ |publisher=African Business Development Association |date=31 January 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadarta maalgashiga dhammaan wajiyada waxaa lagu qiyaasay inta u dhaxaysa US$350 milyan iyo US$400 milyan, iyadoo Wajiga A lagu qiimeeyay ku dhawaad US$250 milyan.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Dutch company to build ferry terminal in Tanzania |url=https://www.khl.com/news/dutch-company-to-build-ferry-terminal-in-tanzania/8034876.article |publisher=KHL |date=5 February 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha ==

[[Construction|Dhismaha]] wuxuu si rasmi ah u bilowday bishii November 2024 iyadoo la bilaabay Wajiga A.1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Construction Begins on Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/news/construction-begins-on-zanzibar-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |date=21 November 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadarta muddada dhismaha waxaa loo proshiyeeyay 36 bilood, iyadoo la filayo in la dhammaystiro marka la gaaro 2027.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;/&gt;

== Saamaynta ==

Dekedda waxaa la filayaa inay yarayso ciriiriga ka jira Dekedda Malindi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malindi Port  |url=https://zpc.go.tz/malindi_port.php |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; inay hagaajiso badbaadada rakaabka, iyo inay xoojiso booska Zanzibar ee xarun baddood oo ku taal galbeedka [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa tillaabo muhiim ah oo horay loogu qaaday istiraatiijiyadda Dhaqaalaha Buluugga ah ee jasiiradaha iyadoo la kordhinayo awoodda [[trade|ganacsiga]] iyo [[tourism|dalxiiska]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The-Guardian-Zanzibar-2025&quot;/&gt;

Caqabadaha lagu xusay warbixinnada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah waxaa ka mid ah baahida loo qabo in la cusriyeeyo xiriirka [[Transport in Tanzania|gaadiidka]], tas-hiilaadka [[customs|canshuuraha]] (kastamka), iyo ilaalinta deegaanka ee nidaamka deegaanka [[Mangrove forest|kaymaha mungrove-ka]] ee u dhow.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;/&gt;

== Mashaariicda La Xiriira ==

Dekedda Maruhubi waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamij ballaaran oo ku saabsan ballaarinta iyo casriyeynta dekedaha Zanzibar. Hindisayaasha kale waxaa ka mid ah horumarinta Dekedda [[Mangapwani]], ballaarinta Dekedda Kontaynarada ee [[Fumba]], iyo horumarinta tas-hiilaad cusub oo loogu talagalay maaraynta [[cargo|shixnadaha xamuulka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily-News-2025&quot;/&gt;

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==

*[https://www.zpc.go.tz/ Zanzibar Ports Corporation]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://www.zfdevco.com/ ZF Devco b.v.]
*{{cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |access-date=6 October 2025}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marsa Maroc</title>
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      <text bytes="24879" sha1="4bj70auq1yamu7uiea40kb2kutrzgfx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name = Marsa Maroc
| type = [[Shirkad dadweyne|Dadweyne]]
| traded_as = [[Sarrifka Sanka ee Casablanca|CSE]]: [https://www.casablanca-bourse.com/en/live-market/instruments/MSA MSA]
| logo = Marsamaroc-logo.png
| logo_caption = Astanta Marsa Maroc
| fate = 
| successor = 
| founded = Diseembar 2006
| defunct = 
| hq_location = [[Casablanca]]
| hq_location_country = Marooko
| num_locations = 9
| industry = Maamulka Dekedaha
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
 | Mohammed ABDELJALIL (gudoomiyaha guddiga fulinta)
 | Abdelaziz BOUAMRANI, Wasiirka Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka (gudoomiyaha guddiga kormeerka)
}}
| revenue = 1,952 milyan oo Dirham
| num_employees = 2247 (2012)
| website = [https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/ marsamaroc.co.ma]
}}

'''Marsa Maroc''' waa shirkadda ugu weyn ee maamusha dekedaha dalka [[Marooko]]. Maqaamkeeda sharci waa ''Société Anonyme'' (Shirkad hanti wadaag ah) oo leh Guddi Fulineed oo uu gudoomiye u yahay Mohammed Abdeljalil iyo [[guddiga kormeerka]] oo uu gudoomiye u yahay [[Wasaaradda Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka (Marooko)|Wasiirka Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka]]. Magaca rasmiga ah ee shirkadda waa ''Société d'Exploitation des Ports'' halka Marsa Maroc uu yahay magaca ganacsiga ee loo yaqaano.

== Taariikhda ==
Shirkadda waxaa la aasaasay bishii Diseembar 2006 iyada oo qayb ka ah hirgelinta Sharciga 15-02, oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in dib u habayn lagu sameeyo qaybta dekedaha Marooko. Kahor dib u habayntan, Office d’Exploitation des Ports (ODEP) oo ahayd shirkad dawladu leedahay ayaa mas'uul ka ahayd maamulka dekedaha Marooko. Dib u habayntu waxay abuurtay laba qaybood oo kala madaxbannaan: Agence Nationale des Ports (ANP) oo noqotay hay'adda nidaamisa warshadaha, iyo Société d'Exploitation des Ports oo hadda loo yaqaano Marsa Maroc, taas oo la wareegtay hawlihii ganacsi ee dekedaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;MarsaOverview&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Company Overview |url=https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/our-company/presentation |website=Marsa Maroc |access-date=2 April 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2007, shirkaddu waxay si rasmi ah u qaadatay magaca ganacsiga ee Marsa Maroc. Intii u dhaxeysay sannadihii 2007 iyo 2008, Marsa Maroc waxay horumarisay qorshayaal istiraatiijiyadeed iyo kuwo ganacsi oo loo yaqaano CAP15. Qorshayaashan ayaa ujeedadoodu ahayd inay shirkadda u diyaariyaan koboc fog iyadoo diiradda lagu saarayo horumarinta terminalada koontaynarada ee dekedaha Marooko iyo dhisidda iskaashi istiraatiijiyadeed oo ku saabsan qaybaha xamuulka badan iyo shidaalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CAP15&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Strategic Vision – CAP 15 |url=https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/strategy/cap15 |website=Marsa Maroc |access-date=2 April 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii Juun 2009, waxaa la gaaray guul weyn oo xagga fulinta istiraatiijiyadda CAP15 ah markii Marsa Maroc ay heshiis tanaasul ah oo 30 sano ah la saxiixatay Hay'adda Gaarka ah ee Tanger Med (TMSA) kaas oo ku saabsan Terminalka Koontaynarka 4 (CT4) ee dekedda Tanger Med. Sida uu dhigayo heshiisku, Marsa Maroc waxay ballanqaadday inay horumariso dhammaan dhismooyinka sare iyo qalabka looga baahan yahay in lagu shaqeeyo terminalka. CT4 waxaa loo naqshadeeyay sidii goob isticmaalkeedu badan yahay oo leh awood qaadasho oo dhan 2,250,000 TEU, deked dhererkeedu yahay 1,200 mitir, iyo qoto dheer oo biyo ah oo ah 16 mitir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Concession Agreement Signed Between Marsa Maroc and TMSA |url=https://www.portnet.ma/news/ct4-concession-marsa-maroc-tmsa |website=PortNet |date=15 June 2009 |access-date=2 April 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Guul kale ayaa xigtay dekedda Casablanca sannadkii 2009. Taariikhdu markay ahayd 29 Maarso 2010, Boqor [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]] ayaa gudoomiyay dhagax dhigga terminal loogu talagalay farsameynta iyo kaydinta gawaarida. Mashruucan oo ay ku baxday maalgelin dhan 168 milyan oo [[Dirhamka Marooko|dirham]], wuxuu ka koobnaa dhismo daboolan oo baaxadiisu tahay 75,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo awood u leh inay qaaddo 5,000 oo xabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Le Roi lance les travaux du terminal voitures au port de Casablanca |url=https://lematin.ma/express/2010/Port-de-Casablanca-le-Roi-lance-les-travaux-du-terminal-voitures/133081.html |work=Le Matin |date=30 March 2010 |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

22-kii Diseembar 2011, Boqor Mohammed VI wuxuu xarigga ka jaray dekedda cusub ee ganacsiga ee biyaha qoto dheer ee ku taal [[Jorf Lasfar]], oo ku taal xeebta Atlaantikada ee dhanka koonfureed ee [[El Jadida]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inauguration du port en eaux profondes de Jorf Lasfar |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2011/12/24000/king-mohammed-vi-inaugurates-jorf-lasfar-port |website=Morocco World News |date=22 December 2011 |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiirar muhiim ah ==
Shirkaddu waxay maamushaa sagaal dekedood oo ku yaal Marooko. Waxay leedahay hanti raasumaal ah oo iska diwangelisay oo dhan 733,956,000 [[Dirhamka Marooko|MAD]], dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 1952 milyan oo MAD iyo isku socodka xamuulka caalamiga ah oo dhan 35.5 milyan oo tan. Dhamaadkii sannadkii 2011 waxay lahayd 2,247 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;AR11&quot;&gt;[http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/documents/10157/50206/Rapport+annuel+Marsa+Maroc+VUK+2011.PDF Warbixinta Sannadlaha ah ee 2011] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/documents/10157/50206/Rapport+annuel+Marsa+Maroc+VUK+2011.PDF |date=20210515111520 }}, la soo dejiyay: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dekedaha la maamulo ==
Marsa Maroc waxay ka shaqeysaa 9 dekedood oo ku yaal Marooko.

Dekedahaas waa:

=== Dakhla ===
Dekedda [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] waa deked yar marka loo eego kuwa kale, waxaana agabka ugu weyn ee ay qaaddo ay yihiin xamuulka dareeraha ah iyo kalluunka. Waxay shaqaalaysiisaa 22 qof, baaxadda xamuulkuna wuxuu ahaa 311,000 oo tan.&lt;br&gt;
Waxay bixisaa 300 mitir oo dekedo ah oo leh 8 mitir oo qoto dheer ah, 2 wiishashka guura ah iyo adeegyo loogu talagalay maraakiibta kalluumeysiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;dakhla&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/dakhla Dakhla] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/dakhla |date=20211107052851 }} (Faransiis), la booqday: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Maareeyaha dekedda Dakhla si toos ah uma soo warbixiyo gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta, laakiin wuxuu u soo warbixiyaa maareeyaha Dekedda Laâyoune:&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;&gt;Nooca luqadda Ingiriisiga ee websaydhka Marsa Maroc: [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/organigrammes Shaxda Ururka] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/organigrammes |date=20160304033139 }}, la booqday 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Laâyoune ===
Dekedda Laâyoune ama [[El Aaiún]] waxaa maamula Marsa Maroc. Dekeddu waxay bixisaa 3 terminal: Quay 1, 2 iyo 4.&lt;ref name=&quot;laayoune&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa oo faahfaahinaya adeegyada jiro ee [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/laayoune La Ayoune] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/laayoune |date=20211107052947 }} (Faransiis), la booqday: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Quay 1: dhererkiisu waa 150 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir, wuxuuna leeyahay 9,900 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo dhul ah. Quay 1 waxaa loo isticmaalaa shidaalka iyo ciidda.
* Quay 2: dhererkiisu waa 145 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir. Baaxadda dhulku waa 5,600 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; wuxuuna bixiyaa adeegyo loogu talagalay koontaynarada iyo shidaalka.
* Quay 4: dhererkiisu waa 276 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir. Ujeeddadeeda ugu weyn waa farsameynta macdanta iyo kalluumeysiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;laayoune&quot;/&gt;

=== Agadir ===
Dekedda [[Agadir]] waxay leedahay 4 terminal/dekedood. Wadarta dakhliga wareegtooda waa 3 milyan oo tan iyo ka badan 127,000 oo koontaynaro ah. Waxay shaqo siisaa 230 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay: Websaydhka Marsa oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/agadir Port of Agadir] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/agadir |date=20211104185522 }}, (Faransiis), la booqday: 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
Afrta dekedood/terminal waa:
* Container Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 280 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 10½ mitir. Waxay leedahay 3 wiishashka koontaynarada ah oo qaadi kara 100t iyo hal qaadi kara 120t.
* Eastern Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 510 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 10½ mitir iyo hal terminal oo Ro-Ro ah (oo dhererkiisu yahay 160 mitir). Agabka ugu weyn ee terminal-kan waa liinta, khudaarta, dhuxul-dhagaxa iyo looxa.
* Mineral terminal: Terminal-kan wuxuu bixiyaa adeegyo loogu talagalay dhoofinta macdanta. Waxay leedahay hal deked oo dhererkeedu yahay 160 mitir iyo qoto dheer oo 15 mitir ah.
* Cruise Terminal: Dekeddan waxay sidoo kale bixisaa 160 mitir oo meel ku xirashada maraakiibta ah oo leh 15 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Ka sokow laba buundo oo loogu talagalay fuulista iyo ka degista, waxay bixisaa dhammaan adeegyada loogu talagalay in lagu maareeyo maraakiibta dalxiiska/rakaabka.

=== Safi ===
Dekedda [[Safi, Morocco|Safi]] waxay leedahay dakhli wareegto sannadle ah oo dhan 2.6 milyan oo tan, 148 qof oo shaqaale ah iyo 3 terminal. Agabka ugu weyn ee lagu maareeyo dekeddan waa: baaruud, barytes, siriq iyo kaarboon.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/safi Port of Safi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/safi |date=20211105020738 }}, (Faransiis), 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Commercial Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 448 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa 8½–9½ m. Kaydinta dhulka: 14,400 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; iyo 6,700 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo aag daboolan ah. Qalabka dekeddan waa: laba wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka (40 t), 7 wiish oo goat ah iyo hal wiish oo guura (midkiiba 6 t) iyo laba mashiinada rarka oo awood u leh 250 iyo 550 tan/saacaddii. Agabka ugu weyn ee terminal-kan waa xamuulka engegan oo ay ku jiraan siriqta, dhuxusha naaftada, clinker, iyo [[Baryte|barite]].
* Rive: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 386 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu u dhaxeeyo 10½ iyo 12 mitir. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulka waa 21,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxay bixisaa laba [[wiish gantry]] ah oo ah 28 iyo 19 t. Agabka ugu weyn ee terminalka Rive waa baaruud.
* Northern Quay: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 184 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu u dhaxeeyo 9½ iyo 11 mitir. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulka waa 4,820 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxaa jira hal wiish gantry ah oo 19t ah, agabka ugu weynna waa [[soodhada caustic]].

=== Jorf Lasfar ===
Dekedda [[Jorf Lasfar]] waxay u dhow dahay magaalada [[El Jadida]]. Dekedda waxaa markii hore loo dhisay in lagu dhoofiyo [[fosfaat]]-ka iyo macdanta kale. Maanta waxay inta badan maamushaa agabka adag iyo kuwa dareeraha ah ee xamuulka badan halkar agabka ugu muhiimsan ay ka mid yihiin saliidda, haraaga biraha iyo bacriminta. Waxay leedahay 139 shaqaale ah. Dekeddu waxay leedahay 3 terminal:&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga qaatay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/jorf-lasfar Jorf-Lasfar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/jorf-lasfar |date=20211105020745 }}, (Faransiis), 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

* Commercial Pier: Dhererkiisu waa 250 mitir, qoto dheerka biyuhuna wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa 5¼-12½ mitir. Waxay leedahay 3 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan, mid ka mid ahna wuxuu leeyahay buundada ro-ro ee 100 t. Waxay leedahay 3 wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka (awoodoodu tahay 38 - 40 t) iyo 2 wiish oo guura oo 40t ah. Qalabka kale waxaa ka mid ah: fargeetooyinka rarka, cagafyada, mashiinada rarka ee guura iyo noocyo kala duwan oo mashiinada carra-qaadka ah.
* Oil Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 60 mitir oo leh 15.6 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Qalabka rarka waxaa ka mid ah: cududda LPG oo leh awood 880 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h, gacmaha naaftada iyo kiliinka oo leh awood 1,300 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h midkiiba. Terminal-ku wuxuu maareeyaa butane iyo propane LPG iyo shidaalka dareeraha ah (naaftada, kiliinka, batroolka).
* Polyvalent terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 314 mitir oo leh 12½ mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Laba wiish oo guura oo midkiiba yahay 63 t iyo laba mashiinada rarka oo guura oo ah 120m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Tani waa terminalka xamuulka guud.

Cap Blanc du Nord, oo ah [[daarta iftiinka]] ee ku taal albaabka dekedda, waxaa loo yaqaanaa inaysan ahayn mid la isku halayn karo, iyadoo iftiinkeedu mararka qaar uu damo.&lt;ref name=&quot;sailing&quot;&gt;[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=y-AeYaLGY1MC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA204 Prostar Sailing Directions 2005: West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa]'' (2005). ProStar Publications. p. 204. {{ISBN|1-57785-660-0}}. Google Books. Waxaa la helay 7 Abriil 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casablanca ===
[[Dekedda Casablanca]] waa mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee bini'aadamku dhiso ee caalamka.&lt;ref&gt;Looklex oo ku saabsan [http://looklex.com/e.o/casablanca.htm Casablanca] {{Wayback|url=http://looklex.com/e.o/casablanca.htm |date=20101217164820 }}, la booqday: 27 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Dekeddu waxay leedahay 4 terminal oo wadar ahaan dakhliga xamuulkoodu yahay 9.6 milyan oo tan, iyo 600,000 oo [[Halbeega u dhigma labaatan cagood|TEU]]. Waxay shaqo siisaa 1,200 oo qof, agabka ugu weyn ee ay maamusho dekedduna waa: macdanta, alaabta birta ah, sonkorta, looxa iyo waxyaabaha ka farcama. Agabka waxaa loo qaadaa sidii koontaynaro, xamuul engegan ama [[Rullaluistemadka-on/rullaluistemadka-off|Ro-Ro]].&lt;br&gt;
Afrta terminal waa&lt;ref name=&quot;casablanca&quot;&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/espace-corporate/casablanca Port of Casablanca] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/espace-corporate/casablanca |date=20181210122753 }}, Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

* Eastern Container Terminal: Dhererkiisu waa 600 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 12 mitir, wuxuu leeyahay 4 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulku: 60 [[hektar]]. Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay 8 wiish gantry ah, laba ka mid ahna waa 'post-[[Panamax]]'. Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay awood uu ku farsameeyo 650,000 tue.
* Ro-Ro terminal: Terminalka ro-ro wuxuu bixiyaa laba wiish oo 100t ah qoto dheerkiisuna waa 8 mitir. Waxaa jira awood kaydin oo dhan 5,000 oo xabo waxaana jira 13 cagafyada Ro-Ro ah oo ah 60 ton.
* Multi-purpose terminal: Terminal-ku wuxuu bixiyaa deked dhererkeedu yahay 1,500 mitir oo qoto dheerka biyuhu u dhaxeeyo 9 iyo 10½ mitir kuna yaal 12 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan. Waxay leedahay awood kaydin oo daboolan oo dhan 14,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; iyo 60,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo dhul ah. Maareynta xamuulka waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo 4 wiish oo ah 38 t, 32 wiishashka dekedda ah oo awood u dhaxaysa 6 t iyo 25 t iyo 5 wiish oo guura. Qalabka kale ee guud waxaa ka mid ah: 106 fargeetooyinka rarka ah, 20 cagafyada u dhaxeeya 40 iyo 60 tan, iyo buundooyinka miisaanka. Agabka ugu weyn ee lagu maareeyo terminal-kan waxaa ka mid ah: birta, sonkorta, looxa, cuntada xoolaha iyo iniinta saliidda laga dhaliyo.
* Ore Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 390 mitir oo qoto dheerka biyuhu u dhaxeeyo 9.15 iyo 10.5 mitir. Baaxadda dhulku waa 2.5 hektar. Waxaa jira laba wiish gantry oo macdanta ah oo ah 14t iyo 16t. Sidoo kale 6 wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka oo leh awood 6 t ah ayaa dhameystiraya qalabka maareynta xamuulka ee terminalka macdanta. Ka sokow macdanta, terminal-ku wuxuu kale oo uu maareeyaa haraaga biraha.

=== Mohammedia ===
Dekedda [[Mohammedia]] waxay leedahay dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 12 milyan oo tan waxayna shaqo siisaa 130 qof. Dekeddu waxay ku takhasustay agabka xamuulka dareeraha ah ama petro-chemicals.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Marco ee ku saabsan dekedda [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/mohammedia Mohammedia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/mohammedia |date=20211106222612 }}, (Faransiis), la booqday: 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
Dekeddu waxay u qaybsantaa laba terminal oo weyn:
* Petrochemical terminal: Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay laba meelood oo kala ah A iyo B. Dekeddu waxay dhererkeedu yahay 580 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu yahay ilaa 17 mitir. Waxay leedahay madal rarka oo dhererkeedu yahay 23 mitir, ballarkeeduna yahay 73 mitir. Waxay leedahay shabakad ballaran oo tubooyin ah si loogu raro loona dejiyo batroolka dareeraha ah iyadoo leh 12 nidaam oo loading iyo unloading ah oo leh tubooyin dabacsan. Si loo taageero ku xirashada maraakiibta, waxay leedahay laba [[doon jiidis|doonyaha jiidista]] ah oo midkiiba yahay 6,000 oo [[Awood fardo|hoos-awood fardo]] ah.
* Internal terminal: Terminal-ka 'gudaha' wuxuu leeyahay 3 dekedood oo dhererkeedu yahay 340 mitir iyo qoto dheer u dhaxaysa 6 iyo 6.70 mitir. Waxay leedahay awood kaydin oo daboolan oo dhan 13,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxay leedahay qalab ballaran oo loogu talagalay raridda iyo dejinta iyo shabakad tubooyin ah si loo maareeyo noocyo kala duwan oo dareeraha batroolka ah.

=== Tanger Med ===
[[Tanger-Med]] waa deked ku taal [[Badda Mediterranean-ka]], qiyaastii 40 km dhanka bari ee magaalada [[Tanger]]. Dekeddu waxay bilowday hawlaheeda sannadkii 2007, marka loo eego baaxaddana waxay noqon doontaa dekedda ugu weyn ee Mediterranean-ka iyo dekedda ugu weyn ee [[Afrika]]. Tan iyo markii la furay sannadkii 2007 - iyadoo leh awood bilow ah oo ah 3.5 milyan oo koontaynaro ah oo gaartay awooddeeda ugu sarreysa oo ah 8.5 milyan sannadkii 2015&lt;ref&gt;magharebia.com Jaridda wararka:[http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/newsbriefs/general/2007/05/18/newsbrief-04 Tangier-Med port to be operational in July], 18 Maajo 2007. Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; dekeddu waxay kootay sannadihii la soo dhaafay, iyadoo uu dib u dhac weyn ku yimid sannadkii 2011 markii ay ku dhufteen dhowr shaqo joojinood. Ka sokow terminalka koontaynarada, isticmaalka kale ee muhiimka ah waa xiriirka doonyaha ee taga Spain iyo dhoofinta gawaarida iyadoo loo marayo wershad weyn oo Renault ah: intii u dhaxeysay Jannaayo iyo Agoosto 2013 qiyaastii 86,000 oo gawaarida Renault ah iyo sidoo kale 15,000 oo gawaarida noocyada kale ah ayaa laga dhoofiyay Tanger Med.&lt;ref name=&quot;ansa&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Ansa Med: [http://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/transport/2013/09/11/Transport-Morocco-booming-Tanger-Med-port-huge-success_9281662.html Morocco's booming Tanger Med port a huge success], 11 Sebtember 2013. Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

Marsa Maroc waxay maamushaa terminalka 'xamuulka guud' ee Tanger Med. Terminalada kale waxaa maamula dhinacyo saddexaad iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo muddo dheer ah oo ay la galeen Marsa. Terminalka ay maamusho Marsa wuxuu shaqaalaysiiyaa 74 qof wuxuuna leeyahay dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 300,000 oo tan.&lt;ref name=&quot;tanger&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa Maroc oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/tangermed Tanger Med] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/tangermed |date=20211107052950 }}, Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Terminal-ku wuxuu bixiyaa dekedo dhererkoodu yahay 568 mitir oo leh qoto dheerka biyaha oo u dhaxeeya 12 iyo 15 mitir. Hangarka kaydinta oo ah 5,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ayaa diyaar ku ah dhul baaxadiisu tahay 9.3 ha. Laba wiish oo guura oo leh awoodo kala ah 45 iyo 63 tan iyo 13 fargeetooyinka rarka ah ayaa diyaar u ah in lagu maareeyo badarka iyo agabka xamuulka culus ee guud.

=== Nador Port ===
Dekedda ugu xigta dhanka bari ee ay maamusho Marsa Maroc waa [[Dekedda Nador]]. Dekeddan, waxay wadaagaan dekedaha iyo harada dekedda (ka weyn) ee dhulka Isbaanishka ah ee [[Melilla]]. Dekeddu dhab ahaantii waxay ku taal [[Beni Ansar]], 10 km dhanka bari ee magaalada Nador. Dekeddu waxay leedahay saddex terminal:&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/nador Nador Port] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/nador |date=20211107052810 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107052810/http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/nador |date=2021-11-07 }}, (Faransiis), Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Terminal 2: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 700 mitir oo leh 13 mitir oo qoto dheer ah iyo 300 mitir oo leh 10 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. 14.7 ha oo aagga kaydinta ah. Waxaa jira afar wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka oo leh awood u dhaxaysa 38 iyo 43 tan iyo saddex wiish oo 10 t ah. Xamuulka ugu weyn waa xamuulka engegan, dhuxul-dhagaxa iyo macdanta.
* Passenger Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 680 mitir oo ku taal 4 qaybood oo ku xirashada maraakiibta ah iyadoo leh buundada ro-ro ee dhanka hore iyo buundooyinka dadka lugaynaya ee ka sarreeya kuwaas oo u oggolaanaya fuulista/ka degista badbaadada leh ee dadka lugaynaya iyadoo aan loo goyn wax gawaari ah oo fuulaya ama ka degaya isku waqtigaas. Buundooyinku waxay ku xirmaan hool weyn oo qaabilaadda ah (3,500m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) oo leh aagga sugitaanka iyo maareynta baasaboorka. Aagga sugitaanka gawaariduna wuxuu bixiyaa 8,000m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo aag har ah oo loogu talagalay gawaarida sugaya inay fuulaan maraakiibta. (Inta badan bixitaannadu waa gelinka dambe ee maalintii, halka imaatinkuna uu yahay inta badan subaxda hore). Terminalka doonyaha wuxuu bixiyaa adeegyo joogto ah oo taga [[Almeria]] (Spain) iyo [[Sète]] ee dalka Faransiiska.
* Hydrocarbon Quay: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 100 mitir oo leh qoto dheerka biyaha oo ah 13 mitir. Agabka lagu farsameeyo terminal-kan waa batroolka iyo butane.

Xafiisyada Dekedda Nador, Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale maamushaa Gare Maritime de [[Al Hoceima]] oo (keliya) ka kooban hool dhan 1,500 m2 iyo 2,700 m2 oo dhul har ah ah. Ma jiro qalab marinno badda ah oo ay Marsa Maroc ku maamusho Al Hoceima.

== Ururka ==
Marsa Maroc waxay leedahay laba hay'adood oo maamula: Guddiga Kormeerka iyo Guddiga Fulinta. Midka dambe ayaa mas'uul ka ah hawlaha maalinlaha ah. Gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta waa Mr. Mohammed Abdeljalil.
Shirkaddu waxay leedahay laba 'nooc oo urur': mid 'guud' ah oo mas'uuliyadaha iyo soo warbixintu ay ku saleysan yihiin shaqada iyo nooca 2-aad oo ku saleysan dekedaha hoos timaada maamulka Marsa. 'Maamulka muhiimka ah' wuxuu ka kooban yahay gudoomiyaha iyo afar maareeyahood:&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;/&gt;
* mr. Mahjoub Bayri - mas'uul ka ah horumarinta Tanger Med
* mr. Yousef Benvani - maareeyaha horumarinta
* mr. Mustafa Sahabi - maareeyaha maaliyadda
* mr. Rachid Hadi - maareeyaha hawlgalka ee Dekedda Casablanca
Sidoo kale 6 maareeyahood oo kale oo loogu talagalay arrimaha xagga agabka bini'aadamka, IT-ga, sharciga, farsamada iwd. waxay sidoo kale u soo warbixiyaan Gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta.

Nidaamkan shaxda ururka ee ku saleysan shaqada ka sokow, waxaa jira maareeyayaal deked kasta ah oo hoos timaada hawlgalka Marsa kuwaas oo si toos ah u soo warbixiya mr. Mohammed Abdeljalil (marka laga reebo dekedda Dakhla, maadaama loo arko qayb ka mid ah dekedda Laâyoune)&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;/&gt;

== Adeegyada ==
Ka sokow maamulka dekedda lafteeda iyo ka dhigista qalabka rarka mid diyaar ah, Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale u fisaa adeegyo dheeraad ah maraakiibta isticmaala dekedahaas. Adeegyadan waxaa ka mid ah:
* Hagidda maraakiibta ee dhammaan dekedaha marka laga reebo Casablanca iyo Jorf-Lasfar halkaas oo adeeggan laga bixiyo shirkad kale
* Jiidista
* Caawinta ku xirashada
* Shidaal ku shubista
Waxa u dheer 'adeegyada la xiriira maraakiibta', Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale u fidin kartaa adeegyo dheeraad ah oo la xiriira maareynta agabka. Iyadoo lala kaashanayo macaamiisha Marsa Maroc waxay ku heshiisayn karaan adeegyo dheeraad ah marka ay maamulayaan xamuulkooda&lt;ref&gt;Websaydhka Marsa [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/nos-services Our services] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/nos-services |date=20181207042728 }}, Waxaa la helay 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Warbixinnada Sannadlaha ah ==
Maadaama ay tahay shirkad hanti wadaag ah shirkaddu waxay daabacdaa warbixinnadeeda sannadlaha ah iyadoo ku qoreysa luqadaha Carabiga, Faransiiska iyo Ingiriisiga&lt;ref&gt;Guudmarka [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/publications publications] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/publications |date=20191212221301 }}, la booqday 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo la kaashaneysa ANP (Agence National de Ports) waxay sidoo kale daabacdaa faahfaahin muhiim ah oo ku saabsan dakhliga wareegtoada. Tirooyinkan waxaa lagu faahfaahiyay labadaba nooca alaabta iyo dekedda/goobta. Warbixinnadan ugu dambeeyay laguma heli karo Ingiriis laakiin waxaa lagu daabacaa Faransiis. Warbixintii ugu dambeysay waa warbixinta ANP ee sannadkii 2012&lt;ref&gt;Warbixinnada Sannadlaha ah ee [http://www.anp.org.ma/Espaceprofesionnel/Trafic%20portuaire/Trafic_2012.PDF Agence National des Ports, 2012]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Waxaa la helay: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyada ==
{{Reflist|33em}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Awjila</title>
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      <text bytes="23655" sha1="n7qfoyy11kcyowlqjraztqg60a93i6d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Awjila
|other_name             = Augila
|native_name            =أوجله
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = Magaalo
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          = A farm in Awjilah.JPG
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = Beer ku taal Awjila
|image_flag             = 
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             = 
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           = 
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              = 
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = 
|image_map1             = 
|mapsize1               = 
|map_caption1           = 
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Libya
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    = Goobta ay ku taal Liibiya
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Libya}}
|subdivision_type1      = Gobol
|subdivision_name1      = [[Cyrenaica]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Degmooyinka Liibiya|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Al Wahat District|Al Wahat]] 
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                =Imperial 
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = 
|area_land_km2            = 
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
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|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               =2006
|population_footnotes           =&lt;Ref&gt; امراجع محمد الخجخاج، &quot;نمو المدن الصغيرة في ليبيا&quot;، دار الساقية للنشر، بنغازي-2008، ص 120. &lt;/ref&gt;
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 8515
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =Qowmiyado
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =Diimaha
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone               = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +2
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|29|6|29|N|21|17|13|E|region:LY|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
| registration_plate_type = [[Taarikada baabuurta ee Liibiya|Koodhka Taarikada]]
| registration_plate      = 67
}} 
'''Awjila''' ({{langx|ar|أوجلة}}, {{langx|it|Augila}}) waa magaalo [[Oasis|oosi]] ah oo ku taal [[Al Wahat District]] ee gobolka [[Cyrenaica]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Liibiya]]. Tan iyo [[waagii hore]], waxaa loo yaqaanay meel lagu beero [[Timir]] tayo sare leh. Tan iyo markii uu dhacay [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb|qabsashadii Carabta]] qarnigii 7aad, [[Islaamku]] wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaarayay bulshada. Oosigu wuxuu ku yaallaa waddada [[caravan route|gaadiidka]] ee bari-galbeed ee u dhexeeya [[Masar]] iyo [[Tripoli, Libya]], iyo waddada waqooyi-koonfur ee u dhexeeya [[Benghazi]] iyo [[Sahel]] ee u dhexeeya [[Lake Chad|Harada Chad]] iyo [[Darfur]]. Waqtiyadii hore, waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Dadku waxay beertaan beerro yaryar iyagoo isticmaalaya biyo ka yimaada [[Water well|ceelal]] qoto dheer. Dhawaan, [[warshadaha saliidda]] ayaa noqday il muhiim ah oo shaqo.

==Goobta==

Awjila iyo oosiga ku dhow ee [[Jalu]] waa kuwo go'doon ah, waana magaalooyinka kaliya ee ku yaal waddada saxaraha ah ee u dhaxaysa [[Ajdabiya]], oo {{convert|250|km}} u jirta dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, iyo [[Kufra]], oo {{convert|625|km}} u jirta dhanka koonfur-bari.{{sfn|Ham|2007|p=132}}
Xisaab ka timid 1872 ayaa sharraxaysa kooxda saddexda oosi: oosiga Aujilah, Jalloo ([[Jalu]]) oo dhanka bari ah iyo Leshkerreh ([[Jikharra]]) oo dhanka waqooyi-bari ah. Oosi kasta wuxuu lahaa buur yar oo lagu daboolay geedaha timirta, waxaana ku wareegsan bannaanka ciid cas oo ay ku jiraan milixda soodhaha.{{sfn|Smith|1872|p=338}}
Saddexda oosi wada jir waxay lahaayeen dad tiradoodu u dhaxayso 9,000 ilaa 10,000 oo qof.{{sfn|Smith|1872|p=338}}
Dadka oosigu waxay u badanyihiin [[Berber people|Berber]], qaarkoodna weli waxay ku hadlaan luuqad asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Berberka.{{sfn|Chandra|1986|p=113}} Sannadkii 2005, [[Af-Awjila]] wuxuu ahaa mid aad u khatar badan inuu baaba'o.{{sfn|Batibo|2005|p=77}}

==Cimilada==
Awjila waxay leedahay [[cimilada saxaraha kulul]] (''BWh'') marka loo eego [[Köppen climate classification]].
{{Weather box|location = Awjila
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y

|Jan high C = 19.9				
|Feb high C = 21.9
|Mar high C = 25.3
|Apr high C = 29.7
|May high C = 34.7
|Jun high C = 37.2
|Jul high C = 36.7
|Aug high C = 36.9
|Sep high C = 35.8
|Oct high C = 32.4
|Nov high C = 27.0
|Dec high C = 21.4

|Jan low C =  5.6				
|Feb low C =  7.0
|Mar low C = 9.2
|Apr low C = 13.1
|May low C = 18.3
|Jun low C = 19.9
|Jul low C = 21.0
|Aug low C = 21.0
|Sep low C = 19.9
|Oct low C = 16.3
|Nov low C =  12.0
|Dec low C =  7.7

|Jan precipitation mm = 3					
|Feb precipitation mm = 3
|Mar precipitation mm = 3
|Apr precipitation mm = 2
|May precipitation mm = 0
|Jun precipitation mm = 0
|Jul precipitation mm = 0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0
|Sep precipitation mm = 0
|Oct precipitation mm = 3
|Nov precipitation mm = 2
|Dec precipitation mm = 3
|year precipitation mm= 19

|source = [https://en.climate-data.org/location/57998/ Climate-data.org]
|date=11 February 2018}}

==Taariikhda==

===Waqtiyadii hore===
Oosiga Awjila (Augila; Αὔγιλα) waxaa xusay [[Herodotus]] (c. 484 – 425 BC).
Wuxuu sharraxayaa reer guuraaga [[Nasamones]] ee u guuri jiray inta u dhaxaysa xeebaha [[Gulf of Sidra|Syrtis Major]] iyo oosiga Augila, halkaas oo ay laga yaabo inay canshuur ka qaadi jireen dadka deegaanka.{{sfn|Asheri|Lloyd|Corcella|Murray|2007|p=698}}
Herodotus wuxuu sheegay inay ahayd safar toban maalmood ah oo ka bilaabma oosiga Ammonium, oo ah [[Siwa Oasis|Siwa]] ee maanta, ilaa oosiga Augila.{{fact|date=October 2021}}
Masaafadan waxaa xaqiijiyay sahamiyaha Jarmalka [[Friedrich Hornemann]] (1772–1801), kaas oo masaafada ku safray sagaal maalmood, inkasta oo safarradu caadi ahaan qaataan 13 maalmood.
Xagaagii, reer Nasamones waxay uga tagi jireen xoolahooda xeebta waxayna u safri jireen oosiga si ay u soo ururiyaan timirta.
Waxaa jiray dad kale oo si joogto ah u degganaa oosiga.{{sfn|Smith|1872|p=338}}

[[Strabo]] wuxuu qoray in Augila ay u eg tahay oosiga Ammon, ay wax soo saar u leedahay geedaha timirta, biyo wanaagsan leh, waxaana la gaaraa maalinta afraad kuwa ka soo socda dhanka [[Great Syrtis]], meel u dhow [[Automala]], dhanka qorrax-soo-baxa jiilaalka. &lt;ref&gt;[https://topostext.org/work/144#17.3.23 Strabo, Geography, 17.3.23]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ptolemy]] (c. 90 – 168) wuxuu tilmaamayaa in gumeystihii Giriigga ay ku qasbeen reer Nasamones inay ka tagaan xeebta oo ay degganaadaan Augila.{{sfn|Smith|1872|p=338}} 
[[Procopius]], oo qorayay qiyaastii 562, wuxuu leeyahay xitaa waqtigiisii allabaryo ayaa loo sii waday [[Amun|Ammon]] iyo [[Alexander the Great]] ee Maqadoniya laba magaalo oo Liibiya ah oo labadaba la odhan jiray Augila. Waxa uu u badan yahay in uu u jeeday waxa hadda loo yaqaan [[El Agheila]] oo ku taal Gacanka Sirte iyo oosiga Awjilah.{{fact|date=October 2021}}
Sida uu qabo Procopius, macbadyadii oosiga waxaa u beddelay kaniisado Masiixi ah Boqorkii Byzantine [[Justinian I]] (c. 482 – 565).{{sfn|Smith|1872|p=338}}
Juqraafiye qarnigii 6-aad [[Stephanus of Byzantium]] wuxuu ku tilmaamay Augila magaalo.{{sfn|Smith|1872|p=338}}

===Xilligii hore ee Carabta===
[[File:The Old mosque, Awjilah.jpg|thumb|240px|Qarnigii 12-aad [[Atiq Mosque (Awjila)|Masjidka weyn ee Atiq]], Awjilah]]
Carabtu waxay bilaabeen olole ka dhan ah [[Byzantine Empire]] wax yar ka dib markii uu [[Muhammad]] dhintay 632, iyagoo si degdeg ah u qabsaday Suuriya, Faaris iyo Masar. Ka dib markii ay qabsadeen [[Alexandria]] 643, waxay ku baahdeen xeebta Mediterranean-ka ee Afrika, iyagoo qabsaday [[Cyrenaica]] 644, [[Tripolitania]] 646 iyo [[Fezzan]] 663.{{sfn|Falola|Morgan|Oyeniyi|2012|p=14}}

Gobolka ku hareeraysan Awjila waxaa qabsaday Sidi [[Abdullah ibn Saad|‘Abdullāh ibn Sa‘ad ibn Abī as-Sarḥ]].{{sfn|Awjila: Libyan Tourism}}
Wuxuu ahaa [[companion of Muhammad|saaxiibkii Muhammad]] iyo calan-sidaha, iyo wali muhiim ah. Qabrigiisa waxaa laga dhisay Awjila qiyaastii 650.{{sfn|Mason|1974|p=396}}
Dhismaha casriga ah ayaa tan iyo markii uu beddelay qabrigii asalka ahaa.{{sfn|Ham|2007|p=132}}
Qoyska Sarahna, oo u arka inay yihiin qoyska Sidi Abdullah, ayaa ah ilaaliyayaasha qabrigiisa.
Markii xaruntii [[Senussi]] laga dhisay Awjila 1872, reer Sarahna waxay qaateen doorka macallimiinta Islaamka.{{sfn|Mason|1974|p=397}}

Ka dib markii la soo bandhigay qarnigii 7-aad, Islaamku wuxuu had iyo jeer ahaa saameyn weyn oo ku saabsan nolosha oosiga.
Taariikhyahankii Carabta [[Al-Bakri]] wuxuu sheegay inay jireen dhowr masaajid oo ku wareegsan oosiga qarnigii 11-aad.{{sfn|Mason|1974|p=395}}
Sida ay qabto dhaqanka afka ah, qarnigii 12-aad nin aqoon leh oo ka yimid xeebta Tripolitania ayaa sheegay inay jireen afartan meelood oo cibaado ah (shrine) Awjila, iyo afartan wali (saint) oo ku dhex qarsoon dadka oosiga. Dhamaadkii 1960-meeyadii waxaa hadhay kaliya lix iyo toban meelood oo cibaado ah.{{sfn|Mason|1974|p=395}}
Qaar ka mid ah dadkii wali-ga ahaa ee ku jiray qabuuraha badbaaday waxay noolaayeen intii lagu jiray sannadihii hore ee Islaamka, 
oo tafaasiisha noloshooda iyo xitaa abtirsiintooda qoyska waa la iloobay.{{sfn|Mason|1974|p=396}}

===Xarunta Ganacsiga===
[[File:Caravane dans le Désert blanc.jpg|thumb|240px|Gaadiidka saxaraha [[Farafra, Egypt|Farafra]] ee bariga Awjila]]
Qarnigii 10-aad Awjila waxay ahayd marxalad ku taal waddada ganacsiga ee u dhaxaysa [[Ibadi]] caasimadda Berber ee [[Zuwayla]]{{efn|Albaabka dhexe ee [[Bab Zuweila]] ee Qaahira wuxuu magaciisa ka helay Zuwayla.{{sfn|Martin|1983|p=555}}}} ee Fezzan iyo caasimadda cusub ee [[Fatimid]] ee Qaahira ee Masar.{{sfn|Martin|1983|p=555}}
Waddada gaadiidka ee bari-galbeed ee Qaahira ilaa Tripoli, Fezzan iyo Tunis waxay martay [[Jaghbub]], [[Jalu]] iyo Awjila.{{sfn|Fage|Oliver|1985|p=16}} 
Horraantii [[Mamluk]] xilligii (qarnigii 13-aad), ganacsiga Masar wuxuu ahaa waddo u horseeday Awjila ilaa Fezzan, ka dibna u sii gudbay [[Kanem Empire|Kanem]], [[Bornu Empire|Bornu]] iyo magaalooyin ay ka mid yihiin [[Timbuktu]] oo ku taal [[Niger River|Webiga Niger]] leexashadiisa. Awjila waxay noqotay suuqa ugu weyn ee addoonsiga ee gobolladaas.{{sfn|Oliver|Atmore|2001|p=19}}
Inta badan addoomadan waxay daboolayeen baahiyaha gudaha.{{sfn|Oliver|Atmore|2001|p=20}}
Dahabka waxaa laga iibsaday [[Bambouk]] iyo Bouré oo ku yaal wixii hadda ah [[Senegal]] laakiin markaas waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Mali Empire]] ee [[Mandinka people]]. 
Beddelkeeda, Masar waxay dhoofisay dharka.{{sfn|Oliver|Atmore|2001|p=19}}

Intii lagu jiray [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] xilligii Masar, Awjila waxay ku tiil waddada ay qaadeen xujayda ka socda Timbuktu iyagoo maraya [[Ghat, Libya|Ghat]], [[Ghadames]] iyo Fezzan, 
iyagoo ka fogaanaya xarumaha waaweyn ee Ottoman.{{sfn|Oliver|Atmore|2001|p=46}}
1639 Awjila waxay timid xukunka taliyihii Turkish-ka ee Tripolitania, kaas oo saldhig joogto ah ka sameeyay Benghazi.{{sfn|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|p=263}}
Qarnigii 18-aad, ganacsatada Awjila waxay haysteen kalitalisnimo ganacsiga u dhexeeya Qaahira iyo Fezzan.{{sfn|Walz|1975|p=665}}
Sharaxaadda ganacsiga u dhexeeya Masar iyo [[Hausaland]], Hornemann wuxuu liis gareeyay:
{{Quote|... addoomo labada jinsi ah, baalasha gorayada, zibette (musk oo ka yimid bisadaha civet), maqaarka shabeelka (sic), iyo dahab, qayb ahaan boodh, qayb ahaan hadhuudhka dhaladka ah, si loogu soo saaro 
hilqaanyo iyo waxyaabo kale oo qurxin ah dadka gudaha Afrika. Bornu, naxaasta waxaa laga soo dhoofiyaa tiro badan. Qaahira waxay u dirtaa xariir, ''melayes'' (calico buluug iyo caddaan ah - i.e. ''milayat'', wrappers, sheeting) maro woolen, galaas... kuulaha jijimooyinka, iyo... noocyo kala duwan oo badeecooyin East India ah... Ganacsatada Bengasi waxay badanaa ku biiraan safarka ka yimaada Qaahira Augila, soo dhoofiyaan tubaakada loo soo saaray calaalinta, ama snuff, iyo alaabooyin kala duwan oo laga sameeyay Turkey...{{sfn|Martin|1983|p=567}}}}

[[File:Awjila caravan routes.svg|thumb|240px|Waddooyinka gaadiidka ee Liibiya, qarnigii 19-aad. Awjila iyo Jalu ee waqooyi-bari]]
[[File:CentralEastAfrica1750.png|thumb|240px|Waddammada koonfurta kuwaas oo gaadiidka Awjila ay ganacsan jireen.]]
Qiyaastii 1810 ganacsade Majabra ah oo ka yimid Jalu oo la odhan jiray Schehaymah ayaa lumay markii uu u safrayay [[Ouaddai Empire|Wadai]] isagoo maraya [[Murzuk]] ee Fezzan.
Waxaa helay qaar ka mid ah [[Bidayat]], kuwaas oo u kaxeeyay iyada oo loo marayo [[Ounianga Kébir (town)|Ounianga]] ilaa Wara, caasimaddii hore ee Wadai.
Sultaanka Wadai, [[Abd al-Karim Sabun]] (1804–1815) wuxuu ku heshiiyay soo jeedinta Schehaymah ee ah in la furo waddada gaadiidka ee Benghazi iyada oo loo marayo waddo toos ah oo dhex marta [[Kufra]], iyo Awjila / [[Jalu]]. 
Waddadan cusub waxay ka gudbi lahayd labada Fezzan iyo [[Darfur]], waddammo ilaa markaas gacanta ku hayay ganacsiga bariga Saxaraha. 
Gaadiidkii ugu horreeyay waxay safrayeen waddada u dhaxaysa 1809 iyo 1820.{{sfn|Cordell|1977|p=22}}

Ganacsiga waxaa carqaladeeyay in muddo ah 1820-meeyadii sababtoo ah xasillooni darrada siyaasadeed ee Wadai, laakiin laga bilaabo 1830-meeyadii labadii ama saddexdii sanaba hal mar gaadiid ayaa safraya waddada.
Badanaa waxaa jiray laba ama saddex boqol oo geel oo wada maroodiga iyo maqaarka, oo ay la socdaan koox addoomo ah.{{sfn|Cordell|1977|p=23-24}} 
Ganacsigu wuu kordhay laga bilaabo 1860-meeyadii. Saldhigyada ugu waaweyn ee u dhexeeya Benghazi iyo terminalka koonfureed ee [[Abéché]] waxay ahaayeen barta isu imaatinka ee Awjila / Jalu halkaas oo gaadiidka laga sameeyay, iyo xarunta Kufra halkaas oo cunto iyo biyo laga heli karo.{{sfn|Cordell|1977|p=24}}
Goor dambe waddada waqooyi-koonfur ayaa mar kale kor u qaaday muhiimaddeeda sababtoo ah carqaladaynta gaadiidka ee Niil by [[History of Mahdist Sudan|kacaankii Mahdist]] ee [[Sudan]].{{sfn|Cordell|1977|p=22}}

[[Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi]] wuxuu joogay Jalu iyo Awjila ka hor inta uusan furin hoygiisii ugu horreeyay al-Baida 1843.
Sannadihii xigay toban sano hoyga [[Senussi]] waxay noqdeen kuwo laga dhisay dhammaan [[Bedouin]]s ee Cyrenaica.{{sfn|Cordell|1977|p=28}} 
Goor dambe waxay ku faafiyeen saameynta Senussi koonfurta, iyagoo gacan ka geysanaya xakameynta rabshadaha iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ganacsiga.{{sfn|Cordell|1977|p=29}}
Boos kasta oo ku yaal waddada waqooyi-koonfur, oo ay ku jirto Awjila, waxaa ilaalinayay Senussi sheikh.{{sfn|Cordell|1977|p=22}}
Sida goor dambe 1907, qadar muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ganacsiga maraya Benghazi wuxuu ahaa badeecooyin lagu qaaday waddadan, badeecadahana sidoo kale waxaa laga soo wareejin lahaa qodobbada gudaha sida Awjila iyo Jalu bari ilaa Masar iyo galbeed ilaa Tripoli.{{sfn|Cordell|1977|p=21}}

==Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay==

Maanta hawlaha ugu waaweyn ee dadka Awjila waa beerashada iyo u shaqeynta shirkadaha saliidda, maadaama aaggani uu yahay sariirtii hantida Liibiya.
Dalagyada ugu waaweyn waa timirta noocyada badan ee geedaha timirta, yaanyada, iyo badarka.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
Oosiga Awjila waxaa loo yaqaan tayada sare ee timirta.{{sfn|Awjila: Libyan Tourism}}
Laga bilaabo 1960-meeyadii, warshadaha saliidda waxay kiciyeen koritaan tuuladii mar daganayd.{{sfn|Mason|1982|p=323}}
1968 dadka tuulada waxay ahaayeen qiyaastii 2,000 oo qof, laakiin 1982 waxay kor u kacday in ka badan 4,000, oo ay taageerayaan laba iyo toban masaajid.{{sfn|Mason|1982|p=322}}
Hagaha safarka ee 2007 wuxuu siinayaa dadka 6,790.{{sfn|Ham|2007|p=131}}

[[Atiq Mosque (Awjila)|Masjidka weyn ee Atiq]] waa masjidka ugu da'da weyn [[Sahara]] oo leh qaabkiisa gaarka ah ee dhismaha oo leh qolal si dabiici ah loogu qaboojiyo hawada. Kuleylka daran ee maalmaha xagaaga qolalku waa qabow habeenkiina way diirran yihiin.{{sfn|Awjila: MVM Travel}}
Oosigu wuxuu ahaa meel loo socdo si loo daawado [[Solar eclipse of March 29, 2006|qorrax madoobaadkii 29 Maarso 2006]].{{sfn|Atiq Mosque: Atlas Obscura}}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Commons category|Awjila}}
'''Notes'''
{{Notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist|colwidth=20em}}
'''Sources'''
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book| first4 = Oswyn|last4=Murray|first5=Barbara|last5=Graziosi| author5-link=Barbara Graziosi |last1 = Asheri| first1 = David| last2 = Lloyd| first2 = Alan Brian| last3 = Corcella| first3 = Aldo| title = A Commentary on Herodotus| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yPhE6NxllLoC&amp;pg=PA698| access-date = 2013-03-24| year = 2007| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-814956-9}}
* {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Atiq Mosque: Atlas Obscura}}|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/atiq-mosque
 |title=Atiq Mosque: Early Islamic mosque with several strange conical domes|access-date =9 March 2013|publisher=Atlasobscura.com}}
* {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Awjila: Libyan Tourism}}|url=http://www.libyan-td.com/index.php/82-libyan-cities.html?start=7|title=Awjila|access-date=7 March 2013|publisher=Libyan Tourism Directory|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 Bisha Koobaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105030025/http://www.libyan-td.com/index.php/82-libyan-cities.html?start=7}} 
* {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Awjila: MVM Travel}}|url=http://www.mvmtravel.com/places-to-visit/awjila-libya/997/|title=Awjila|publisher=MVM Travel|access-date=2012-03-24|archive-date=2019-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902045002/http://www.mvmtravel.com/places-to-visit/awjila-libya/997/|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book| last = Batibo| first = Herman| title = Language Decline And Death In Africa: Causes, Consequences And Challenges| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yoZ_fU_B0KgC&amp;pg=PA77| access-date = 2013-03-24| year = 2005| publisher = Multilingual Matters| isbn = 978-1-85359-808-1}}
* {{cite book| last = Chandra| first = Satish| title = International Protection of Minorities| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ybJSOTNHhaQC&amp;pg=PA113| access-date = 2013-03-24| year = 1986| publisher = Mittal Publications| id = GGKEY:L2U7JG58SWT}}
* {{cite journal |journal=The Journal of African History|volume=18 |issue=1|date=January 1977 |pages=21–36|publisher=Cambridge University Press
 |last=Cordell|first=Dennis D. |jstor=180415
 |title=Eastern Libya, Wadai and the Sanūsīya: A Tarīqa and a Trade Route|doi=10.1017/s0021853700015218}}
* {{cite book| last1 = Fage| first1 = John Donnelly| last2 = Oliver| first2 = Roland Anthony| title = The Cambridge History of Africa| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8DSa_viBgsgC&amp;pg=PA16| access-date = 2013-03-27| volume = 6| year = 1985| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-22803-9}}
* {{cite book| last1 = Falola| first1 = Toyin| last2 = Morgan| first2 = Jason| last3 = Oyeniyi| first3 = Bukola Adeyemi| title = Culture and Customs of Libya| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aBGk0uIqHdQC&amp;pg=PA14| access-date = 2013-03-24| year = 2012| publisher = ABC-CLIO| isbn = 978-0-313-37859-1}}
* {{cite book| last = Ham| first = Anthony| title = Libya. Ediz. Inglese| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lPaNiy3YisIC&amp;pg=PA132| access-date = 9 March 2013| date = 1 August 2007| publisher = Lonely Planet| isbn = 978-1-74059-493-6| pages = 132}}
* {{cite book| last1 = Holt| first1 = Peter M.| last2 = Lambton| first2 = Ann K. S.| last3 = Lewis| first3 = Bernard| title = The Cambridge History of Islam| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=y99jTbxNbSAC&amp;pg=PA263| access-date = 2013-03-27| volume = 2A| date = 1977-04-21| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-29137-8}}
* {{cite journal|last=Martin|first=B. G. |journal=[[Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione|Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente]] |volume=38 |issue=4 
 |pages=545–579
 |date=December 1983 |publisher=Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO) |jstor=40759666|title=Ahmad Rasim Pasha and the Suppression of the Fazzan Slave Trade, 1881-1896
 }}
* {{cite journal |title=Saharan Saints: Sacred Symbols or Empty Forms?
 |last=Mason|first=John Paul |journal=Anthropological Quarterly |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=390–405
 |date=October 1974
 |publisher=The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research |jstor=3316606|doi=10.2307/3316606
 }}
* {{cite journal |title=Qadhdhafi's &quot;Revolution&quot; and Change in a Libyan Oasis Community
 |last=Mason|first=John P. |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=319–335
 |date=Summer 1982 
 |publisher=Middle East Institute |jstor=4326424}}
* {{cite book| last1 = Oliver| first1 = Roland Anthony| last2 = Atmore| first2 = Anthony| title = Medieval Africa, 1250-1800| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4o-OZ5w-BmMC&amp;pg=PA19| access-date = 2013-03-27| date = 2001-08-16| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-79372-8}}
* {{cite book| last = Petersen| first = Andrew| title = Dictionary of Islamic Architecture| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gVQj7bW0W9MC&amp;pg=PA166| access-date = 2013-03-24| date = 2002-03-11| publisher = Taylor &amp; Francis| isbn = 978-0-203-20387-3}}
* {{cite book| last = Smith| first = Sir William| title = Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wB0QAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA338| access-date = 24 March 2013| year = 1872| publisher = John Murray| page = 338}}
* {{cite journal |title=Egypt in Africa: A Lost Perspective in Artisans et Commercants au Caire au XVIIIe Siecle by Andre Raymond
 |last=Walz|first=Terence  |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=652–665
 |year=1975 
 |publisher=Boston University African Studies Center |jstor=216700 |doi=10.2307/216700
 }}
{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kaydka Kaymaha ee Sare ee Orashi</title>
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      <text bytes="5478" sha1="4f2tnv1u3e3vadfegq2ofepkdld76cn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox protected area
| name = Upper Urashi Forest Reserve
| iucn_category = VI
| image = 
| image_caption = 
| image_size =
| location = [[Ahoada West]], [[Rivers State, Nigeria]]
| coordinates = {{coord|4|53|24|N|6|30|36|E|region:NG-RI|display=inline, title}}
| area_ha = 25165
| established = 30 Disembar 1899
| visitation_num = 
| visitation_year = 
| governing_body = [[Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture]]
| module = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_offname = Upper Urashi Forests
 | designation1_date = 30 Abriil 2008
 | designation1_number = 1759&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Upper Urashi Forests|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1759|access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}

'''Upper Urashi Forest Reserve''' waa [[nature reserve]] ku taal [[Rivers State, Nigeria]] oo ku taal dhinaca sare ee [[Urashi River]], meel u dhow tuulada Ikodi ee [[Ahoada West]]. Kaydku wuxuu daboolayaa bed dhan 25,165 ha (97.163 sq mi). Waxaa loo magacaabay [[List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance|wetland of international importance]] oo hoos yimaada [[Ramsar Convention]] 30 Abriil 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;Upper Orashi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Upper Urashi Forests in Nigeria |url=http://www.wdpa.org/upper-orashi-forests-ramsar-site-wetland-of-international-importance|access-date=14 July 2017|website=[[World Database on Protected Areas|wdpa.org]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Cimilada==
Cimilada Upper Urashi waa [[Tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] &quot;'''Am'''&quot;), oo lagu garto xilli-roobaad dheer oo ka bilaabma Maarso ilaa Noofambar iyo xilli-qallalan oo gaaban oo ka bilaabma Disembar ilaa Febraayo. Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah waa 2510 milimitir (99 in), iyadoo bisha Sebtembar ay caadi ahaan tahay bisha ugu roobka badan sanadka. Kayntu waxay ku hadhay biyo-fatahaad laga bilaabo Sebtembar ilaa Noofambar sababtoo ah fatahaadaha [[Urashi River]], taas oo keentay [[siltification]] iyo kordhinta bacriminta ciidda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Upper Urashi1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|url=http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-nigeria/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16114_4000_0__|access-date=14 July 2017|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar.org]]}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Flora==
Markii hore la aasaasay 30 Disembar 1899 oo leh 9,696 hektar (37.44 sq mi), waxay ka kooban tahay noocyo kala duwan oo [[habitat]] ah sida kaynta roobka ee dhulka hoose, [[moorland]], [[marshes]] iyo [[lake]]s xilliyeed. Ka mid ah noocyada geedaha ee lagu diiwaan geliyay kaydka, waa ''[[Lophira alata]]'', ''[[Ricinodendron heudelotii]]'', ''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]'' iyo ''[[Hexalobus|Hexalobus crispiflorus]]''. ''[[Hallea ledermannii]]'', oo muhiim u ah warshadaha kaynta, ayaa ku jira kayntan, laakiin si weyn ayuu hoos ugu dhacay natiijada isticmaalkiisa ballaaran. Geedaha [[oil palm]] (''[[Elaeis guineensis]]'') iyo ''[[Musanga cecropioides]]'' ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa meelaha sare.

==Fauna==
Kaydku waa [[centre of endemism]] yar oo loogu talagalay [[sclater's guenon]] iyo [[white-throated guenon]] oo khatar ku jira, [[red colobus monkey]] iyo Heslop's [[pygmy hippopotamus]]. Waxa kale oo ay bixisaa goob muhiim ah oo lagu nasto ee [[grey parrot]] (''Psittacus erithacas'') waxayna martigelisaa dhowr nooc oo shimbiraha biyaha ah kuwaas oo qaybintooda lagu koobay Guinea-Congo Forests biome.&lt;ref name=&quot;TideNews&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2016/02/05/showcasing-rivers-tourist-destinations/|location=Port Harcourt, Nigeria|title=Showcasing Rivers Tourist Destinations|date=5 February 2016|access-date=14 July 2017|newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Hidden begin
|title = Liiska Xayawaanka
|titlestyle = background:#abdb75;width:60%
}}
{|width=60%
|-
|  style=&quot;width:33%; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
''Naasleyda''
*[[Giant forest hog]]
*[[Green bush squirrel]]
*[[Pygmy hippopotamus]]
|  style=&quot;width:33%; vertical-align:top;&quot;| 
''Xamaarato''
*[[Slender-snouted crocodile]]

''Shimbiraha''
*[[Grey parrot]]
*[[Anambra waxbill]]
*[[Hartlaub's duck]]
*[[Congo serpent eagle]]
*[[Cassin's hawk-eagle]]
*[[Blue-headed dove]]
*[[Black-throated coucal]]
*[[black-casqued Hornbill]]
*[[Yellow-rumped tinkerbird]]
*[[Lesser honeyguide]]
*[[Gabon woodpecker]]
*[[Guinea turaco]]
*[[Dark-capped yellow warbler]]
*[[Grey-chinned sunbird]]
*[[White-breasted negrofinch]]
|}
{{Hidden end}}

==Ilaalinta==
Upper Orashi Forest Reserve waxaa maamula Waaxda Kaymaha ee [[Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture]]. Waxaa loo kala saaray [[IUCN_protected_area_categories#Category_VI_.E2.80.93_Protected_Area_with_sustainable_use_of_natural_resources|IUCN qaybta VI ee aagga la ilaaliyo]] (aag la ilaaliyo oo leh isticmaalka waara ee khayraadka dabiiciga ah) oo leh ujeeddo ah isticmaalka badan ee waara ee khayraadka kaynta iyo cilmi-baarista sayniska, iyada oo xoogga la saarayo hababka ka faa'iidaysiga waara ee kaymaha asaliga ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Upper Orashi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Upper Orashi Forest Reserve|url=http://rris.biopama.org/pa/903112|access-date=14 July 2017|website=Biopama.org|archive-date=16 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251016065649/https://rris.biopama.org/pa/903112|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dhulka Sare ee Kitulo</title>
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      <text bytes="1488" sha1="kunh1rd59etaalo4rmiob1j1f9rmknc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Kitulo National Park Entry.JPG|thumb|Mucaawimada [[Kitulo National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kitulo]] oo ku taal Hoos-ka Kitulo]]

'''Hoos-ka Kitulo''' waa hoos ku yaalla [[Tanzania|Tansaaniya]] oo ka tirsan [[Kipengere Range]], kaas oo caan ku ah kala duwanaanshaha dhirta.&lt;ref name=Tanzania&gt;{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvZq4-BgBskC&amp;pg=PA546 |title=Tanzania|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides, 2006.|author=Philip Briggs|accessdate=5 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hoos-ku wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Kitulo National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kitulo]]. 

Aaggan cawska leh ee buuraleyda ah wuxuu ahaa aaggii ugu horreeyay ee [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]] ee noqda [[national park|beerta qaran]] sababo la xiriira dhirta gaarka ah ee ku baxda.&lt;ref name=Kitulo&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sisi-kwa-sisi.com/kitulo.html|title=The Kitulo Plateau|publisher=Sisi Kwa Sisi|accessdate=5 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Botany|Culimada dhirta]] waxay ugu yeereen ''Serengeti-ga Ubaxa''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Official&quot;&gt;[http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kitulo.html Kitulo National Park, Official Website, Tanzania National Parks, accessed 20 November 2014] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kitulo.html |date=20120920092946 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920092946/http://tanzaniaparks.com/kitulo.html |date=20 September 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Duurjoogta Tansaaniya]]
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|9.0903575|S|33.9278906|E|display=title|type:forest_region:TZ-source:google_maps}}</text>
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    <title>Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga</title>
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      <text bytes="8517" sha1="s66od6ttj2u73mijjqb6bnh4t7uo144" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox dam
| name                 = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga
| name_official        = 
| image                = 
| image_size           = 
| image_caption        = 
| image_alt            = 
| location_map         = Democratic Republic of the Congo
| location_map_size    = 
| location_map_caption = Khariidadda Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo oo muujinaysa goobta Biyo-xireenka Mpiana–Mwanga 
| location_map_alt     = 
| location_map_relief  =
| coordinates          = {{coord|07|38|55|S|28|05|36|E|region:DC_type:landmark|display=inline, title}}
| country              = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]
| location             = ''Piana Mwanga'', [[Degmada Manono]], [[Gobolka Tanganyika]]
| purpose              = P
| status               = P
| construction_began   = 
| opening              = 
| demolished           = 
| cost                 = 
| owner                = AVZ Minerals Limited
| operator             = AVZ Power Limited
| dam_type             = 
| dam_crosses          = [[Webiga Luvua]]
| dam_height           = 
| dam_height_foundation= 
| dam_height_thalweg   = 
| dam_length           = 
| dam_elevation_crest  = 
| dam_width_crest      = 
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| dam_volume           = 
| spillway_count       = 
| spillway_type        = 
| spillway_capacity    = 
| res_name             = 
| res_capacity_total   = 
| res_capacity_active  = 
| res_capacity_inactive= 
| res_catchment        = 
| res_surface          = 
| res_max_length       = 
| res_max_width        = 
| res_max_depth        = 
| res_elevation        = 
| res_tidal_range      = 
| plant_name           = 
| plant_coordinates    = 
| plant_operator       = ''AVZ Power Limited''
| plant_commission     = 2023 La filayo
| plant_decommission   = 
| plant_type           = R
| plant_hydraulic_head = 
| plant_turbines       = 
| plant_capacity       = {{convert|54|MW|abbr=on}}
| plant_annual_gen     = 
| website              = 
| extra                = 
}}

'''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga''', sidoo kale '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mpiana–Mwanga''', waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo dhan {{convert|54|MW}} oo ku taal [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Warshadda korontadu waxay markii hore shaqo bilowday 1933 si ay ugu adeegto miino [[tin]] u dhow. Miinada tin-ta ayaa la xiray 1982 sidaas darteedna xaruntii korontaduna way xirantay. Sannadkii 2020, shirkadda macdanta ee ''AVZ Minerals Limited'', ayaa gaartay heshiis lagu dayactirayo xarunta korontada si ay koronto ugu siiso hawlaheeda macdan qodista ee Degmada Manono, oo ay ku jirto ''Miinada Manono–Kitotolo'', oo ah mid ka mid ah miinooyinka lithium-ka ee ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo, kuwaas oo kaydkooda lagu qiyaasay {{convert|120,000,000|tonne|0}} oo macdan ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite web |work=Afrik21.africa |date=4 Febraayo 2020 |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-avz-minerals-to-revive-old-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-plant/ |title=Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo: AVZ Minerals si ay dib ugu soo nooleyso xaruntii korontada biyaha ee hore ee Mpiana-Mwanga |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 |location=Paris, Faransiis |archive-date=2024-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413224044/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-avz-minerals-to-revive-old-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-plant/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.africa-energy.com/article/dr-congo-miner-plans-refurbish-piana-mwanga-hydro |title=Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo: Macdan qodayaashu waxay qorsheynayaan inay dayactiraan biyo-xireenka Piana-Mwanga |work=Africa-Energy.com |date=30 Janaayo 2020 | issue=408 |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 |author=African Energy | location=Hastings, Boqortooyada Midowday}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Goobta==
Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal [[Webiga Luvua]] (gacan ka mid ah [[Webiga Kongo]]), ee magaalada ''Piana Mwanga'', ee [[Degmada Manono]], ee [[Gobolka Tanganyika]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Goobtan waa qiyaastii {{convert|81.5|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, koonfur-bari ee magaalada [[Manono, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Manono]], oo ah caasimadda degmada.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Piana+Mwanga,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Manono,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-7.4722196,27.1865143,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x1998e4d5f794a21f:0x87b3b724c8082c37!2m2!1d28.0595907!2d-7.6598806!1m5!1m1!1s0x199993d224d4ff13:0x61712884d25420bc!2m2!1d27.4321452!2d-7.2879882 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Piana Mwanga, DRC iyo Manono, DRC |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Piana Mwanga waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|394|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, koonfur-galbeed ee magaalada [[Kalemie]], caasimadda Gobolka Tanganyika.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kalemie,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Piana+Mwanga,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-6.7313787,27.4095442,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19bdb8540f6f2053:0xd993dff4324be7a2!2m2!1d29.1913918!2d-5.9127393!1m5!1m1!1s0x1998e4d5f794a21f:0x87b3b724c8082c37!2m2!1d28.0595907!2d-7.6598806!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Kalemie, DRC iyo Piana Mwanga, DRC oo leh Khariidadda Is-dhexgalka |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga waa 07°38'55.0&quot;S, 28°05'36.0&quot;E (Loolka:-7.648611; Dhigta:28.093333).&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/7%C2%B038'55.0%22S+28%C2%B005'36.0%22E/@-7.650835,28.0908089,746m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-7.6486111!4d28.0933333 |title=Goobta Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Guudmarka==
AVZ Minerals Limited, oo fadhigeedu yahay Australia ayaa ku jira habka horumarinta [[lithium]] iyo [[tin]] ''Miinada Manono–Kitotolo'', ee magaalada Manono, DRC. Iyada oo qayb ka ah kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha si loo horumariyo horumarintaas, AVZ, iyada oo loo marayo shirkadeeda ''AVZ Power Limited'' ayaa ku heshiisay maamulka Kongo inay sahamiyaan suurtagalnimada in la helo Piana-Mwanga HPP ee laga tagay, dib loogu soo celiyo iyo isticmaalka 54 megawatts ee halkaas laga soo saaray si loo taageero hawlaheeda macdan qodista ee Degmada Manono. Daraasad suurtagelnimo ayaa la oggolaaday, natiijada taas oo wargelin doonta go'aamadaas.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| work=Water Power Magazine | url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newsavz-power-to-investigate-refurb-of-mpiana-mwanga-drc-7787287 |date=24 Febraayo 2020 |title=AVZ Power si ay u baarto dayactirka Mpiana-Mwanga, DRC |author=Water Power |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 | location=Kent, Boqortooyada Midowday}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/avz-power-signs-mou-to-refurbish-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-power-station-in-drc/#gref |title=AVZ Power oo saxiixday MOU si ay u dayactirto xarunta korontada biyaha ee Mpiana-Mwanga ee DRC |date=15 Janaayo 2020 |work=HydroRview.com |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 | author=Hydro Review |location=Mareykanka}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixgelinno kale==
Marka dayactirku bilaabmo, AVZ Power Limited waxay rajaynaysaa inay ku bilowdo laba turbines oo leh awood dhan 9 megawatts midkiiba, wadarta guud ee 18 megawatts. Ka dib, dhammaan lixda turbines waa la beddeli doonaa, wadarta guud ee 54 megawatts oo wax soo saar ah. Shabakadda gudbinta iyo shabakadda qaybinta ee gudaha magaalada Manono iyo Degmada Manono waxay sidoo kale u baahan doonaan dayactir.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://newsofthesouth.com/australia-bids-to-salvage-drcs-electricity-crisis/ |title=Australia waxay ku tartamaysaa inay badbaadiso dhibaatada korontada ee DRC |work=News of the South |date=16 Janaayo 2020 |author=Daniel Itai |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 |location=Boqortooyada Midowday }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]
* [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Katende]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [https://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/companies/news/957958/avz-minerals--manono-lithium-and-tin-project-on-cusp-of-reaching-bankable-status-957958.html Mashruuca Lithium iyo Tin ee Manono ee AVZ Minerals oo ku dhow inay gaaraan heerka bangiga] Laga bilaabo 18 Ogosto 2021. 

{{Authority control}}

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    <title>Harada Rwanyakazinga</title>
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      <text bytes="7187" sha1="hrr2iubtwx790tls8u2fehsa2z8iixe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Lake
| name = Harta Rwanyakazinga
| other_name = Harada Rwanyakizinga
| image =
| caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|-1.46361|30.66755|region:RW_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Rwanda
| pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Rwanda
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 11
| location = [[Akagera National Park]], [[Gobolka Bari, Rwanda|Gobolka Bari]]
| type = Haro biyo macaan
| basin_countries = {{flag|Rwanda}}
| area = {{convert|19.6|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|10.3|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|4.3|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| max-depth = {{convert|4.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| depth = {{convert|2.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| volume = {{convert|42300000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}}
| shore = {{convert|43.7|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| elevation = {{convert|1442|m|ft|abbr=on}}
}}

'''Harada Rwanyakazinga''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Harta Rwanyakizinga''') waa haro ku taal [[Rwanda]] oo ku dhex taal [[Akagera National Park]], iyadoo u dhexaysa [[Degmada Nyagatare]] iyo [[Degmada Gatsibo]] ee [[Gobolka Bari, Rwanda|Gobolka Bari]]. Waxay ku fidsan tahay baaxad dhul oo dhex marta 19.6 km², waxayna ku taal joog dhan 1,442 mitir iyadoo qayb ka ah mid ka mid ah nidaamyada dhulalka qoyan ee ugu weyn ee la ilaaliyo ee ku yaal Bariga-dhexe ee Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO1990c&quot;&gt;{{cite book |language=en |first1=J.P. |last1=Vanden Bossche |first2=G.M. |last2=Bernacsek |title=Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa: 1 |chapter=Rwanda |series=CIFA Technical Paper |volume=18 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |location=Rome |date=1990 |isbn=92-5-102983-0 |url=https://www.fao.org/3/T0473E/T0473E07.htm#ch15 |access-date=6 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MDPI2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Fickas |first1=K.C. |last2=Cohen |first2=W.B. |last3=Yang |first3=Z. |title=Mapping and Monitoring the Akagera Wetland in Rwanda |journal=Sustainability |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=174 |date=2017 |doi=10.3390/su9020174 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017Sust....9..174N |hdl=1854/LU-8576813 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Haradu waa hoy muhiim u ah duurjoogta, waxayna masruuftaa jeeriyaasha (hippopotamuses), yaxasyada Niilka ([[Nile crocodile]]), iyo shimbirro noocyo kala duwan ah, iyadoo xeebteeda iyo hareeraheeda babayruska ah ay soo booqdaan naasley badan oo waaweyn oo caan ku ah pargiga qaranka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hughes1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book |language=en |first1=R. H. |last1=Hughes |first2=J. S. |last2=Hughes |title=A Directory of African Wetlands |publisher=[[IUCN]] |date=1992 |pages=199–210 |isbn=2-88032-949-3 |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf |access-date=6 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;yellowzebra&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Wilderness Magashi Camp – Rwanda Luxury Safari |url=https://yellowzebrasafaris.com/us/rwanda/accommodation/magashi-camp/ |website=Yellow Zebra Safaris |access-date=6 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafi ==
Harta Rwanyakazinga waxay leedahay baaxad dhan 19.6 km² iyadoo wareeggeeduna yahay 43.7 km. Waxay leedahay qaab dherer ahaan u fidsan dhanka koonfur-galbeed–waqooyi-bari, iyadoo dhererka ugu sarreeya uu yahay 10.3 km ballaca ugu sarreeyana uu yahay 4.3 km. Moolka ugu sarreeya ee Harta Rwanyakazinga waa 4.3 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO1990c&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nativeafricatours&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en-US |last=Chris |title=Lake Rwanyakazinga in Akagera National Park |url=https://www.nativeafricatours.com/lake-rwanyakazinga-in-akagera-national-park/ |website=Native Africa Tours |date=2025-01-31 |access-date=6 April 2026 |archive-date=2026-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260418033151/https://www.nativeafricatours.com/lake-rwanyakazinga-in-akagera-national-park/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhanka waqooyi wuxuu hoos tagaa qeybta Karangazi ee [[Degmada Nyagatare]], halka dhanka koonfureedna uu ku yaal qeybta Rwimbogo ee [[Degmada Gatsibo]].

Dhanka koonfur-bari ee Harta Rwanyakazinga waxaa ku taal [[Harta Mihindi]]. Labaduba waa qayb ka mid ah koox harooyin ah oo ku yaal dhanka kale ee [[Webiga Kagera]] iyo dhooborrada Akagera. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan harooyinka si joogto ah uguma xirna Webiga Kagera. Tani waxay dhacdaa xilliga roobaadka, kaas oo dhaca laba jeer sannadkii, waxaana ilo badan oo yaryar oo xilliyeed ah ay sidoo kale ku shubmaan harooyinka xilligaas. Sidaa darteed, heerka biyuhu wuxuu isu bedbeddalaa qiyaastii 1 ilaa 1.5 mitir. Roobka guud ee sannadlaha ah ee gobolka ka da'a waa 650 ilaa 900 mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hughes1992&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO1990c&quot;/&gt;

Daraasad la sameeyay sannadkii 2017 oo lagu khariidadaynayay dhulka qoyan ee Akagera ayaa lagu ogaaday in, iyadoo dhowr harood oo nidaamka ka mid ah ay baaxaddoodu yaraatay, Harta Rwanyakazinga ay la kulantay heer ballaaran oo ballaarasho ah intii u dhaxeysay xilliyadii daraasadda la baaray.&lt;ref name=&quot;MDPI2017&quot;/&gt;

== Dhirta iyo xayawaanka ==
Harta Rwanyakazinga waxay hoy u tahay jeeriyaasha iyo yaxasyada Niilka ([[Nile crocodile]]); diinka iyo xayawaanka ku nool berriga iyo biyaha (amphibians) ayaa sidoo kale ku badan harada iyo agagaarkeeda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hughes1992&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO_progress&quot;&gt;{{cite report |title=Progress Report on the Fisheries of Akagera National Park Lakes |url=https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/rwa151563.pdf |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |access-date=6 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Akagera National Park]] wuxuu masruufaa noocyo badan oo naasley ah, xayawaanka noocaas ah oo ay ka mid yihiin maroodiga afrikaanka ([[African bush elephant]]), gabaanada afrikaanka ([[African buffalo]]), dameer-faroqyada ([[zebra]]), koodinnada biyaha ([[Kobus ellipsiprymnus|waterbucks]]), deersha koonfureed ee reer reedbuck ([[Redunca arundinum|southern reedbucks]]), deersha yaryar ee caanka ah ([[Common duiker]]), dhoodhooyinka roan antelope ([[Hippotragus equinus|roan antelopes]]), deerada impala ([[Aepyceros melampus|impalas]]), doofaarro-gudmeedyada ([[Phacochoerus aethiopicus|warthogs]]), iyo harimo-shabeellada ([[leopard]]) ayaa marar badan ku soo noqnoqda xeebaha harada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hughes1992&quot;/&gt;

Deegaanka babayruska ah ee ku teedsan harada wuxuu masruufaa noocyo shimbirrood oo caan ah, oo ay ku jiraan shimbirta papyrus gonolek iyo goorebada biyaha afrikaanka ([[African fish eagle]]). Liiska hubinta Avibase ee Akagera National Park wuxuu diiwaangeliyay 503 nooc oo shimbirrood ah pargiga guud ahaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;avibase&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bird checklists – Akagera National Park |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=RW02ak |website=Avibase |publisher=Bird Studies Canada |access-date=6 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kalluunka tilapia iyo moolaha (catfish) ayaa ah noocyada kalluunka ugu weyn ee laga diiwaangeliyay nidaamka harooyinka Akagera, oo ay ku jirto Harta Rwanyakazinga.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO1990c&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO_progress&quot;/&gt;

== Kalluumeysiga ==
Kalluumeysiga waxaa laga dhex sameeyaa harada.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO1990c&quot;/&gt; Tilapia iyo moolaha (catfish) waa noocyada ganacsi ahaan khuseeya ee lagu qabto harooyinka Akagera, oo ay ku jirto Harta Rwanyakazinga. Ururka [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] wuxuu diiwaangeliyay walaac ku saabsan nabaad-guurka kaydka kalluunka ee guud ahaan dhammaan harooyinka Akagera National Park.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO_progress&quot;/&gt;


== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Josephine Chandiru Drama</title>
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      <text bytes="1676" sha1="7f8qpou3ckje9tw25qznry5wx0n2ihz" xml:space="preserve">'''Josephine Chandiru Drama''' waa [[Human rights defender|qareen u doodda xuquuqda aadanaha]] [[South Sudanese|ee Koonfurta Suudaan]], [[Lawyer|qareen]], [[Activism|dhaqdhaqaaqe]], xubin ka tirsan Xarunta Koonfurta Suudaan, iyo agaasimaha ururka Steward Women oo ah [[Non-governmental organization|hay'ad aan dawli ahayn]] oo ka jirta [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Editor&quot;&gt;https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudanese-human-rights-defender-receives-maputo-protocol-award&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.developmentaid.org/organizations/view/511538/stewardwomen |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2026-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713052122/https://www.developmentaid.org/organizations/view/511538/stewardwomen |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://startnetwork.org/network/hubs/south-sudan-hub&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay u ololeynaysay in ka badan 10 sano in Koonfurta Suudaan ay aqbasho [[Maputo Protocol|Hab-maamuuska Maputo]], iyada oo loo marayo Steward women, taas oo guul noqotay, bishii Juun 2023, markii Koonfurta Suudaan ay noqotay xubinta 44-aad ee waddanka Afrika. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://equalitynow.org/news_and_insights/20-for-20-solidarity-awards-advancing-the-maputo-protocol/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada ==
Riwaayadda waxay haysataa shahaadada koowaad ee sharciga [[Makerere University|Jaamacadda Makerere]] waxayna haysataa [[Postgraduate Diploma in Legal Practice|shahaadada labaad ee sharciga ee ku saabsan dhaqanka sharciga]] ee [[Law Development Centre|Xarunta Horumarinta Sharciga]] .  &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Nabukenya&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Khariidada ee Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada ee Texas  ]]

== Xogta Codbixiyaasha ==
[https://www.votetexas.gov/ '''VoteTexas.gov''']

'''[https://www.vote411.org/texas vote411.org/texas]'''

==Tixraac==
&lt;references /&gt;
&gt;{{Cite web|title=Election Results|url=https://www.collincountytx.gov:443/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164834/https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-date=2021-10-25|access-date=2021-06-16|website=www.collincountytx.gov|language=en}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="1371" sha1="36ai0d4j7acdgkjm3eaa43mhgb62wz0" xml:space="preserve">'''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Khariidada ee Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada ee Texas  ]]

== Xogta Codbixiyaasha ==
[https://www.votetexas.gov/ '''VoteTexas.gov''']

'''[https://www.vote411.org/texas vote411.org/texas]'''

==Tixraac==
&lt;references /&gt;
&gt;{{Cite web|title=Election Results|url=https://www.collincountytx.gov:443/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164834/https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-date=2021-10-25|access-date=2021-06-16|website=www.collincountytx.gov|language=en}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Harada Ziway</title>
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      <text bytes="5380" sha1="ha3j25wdtxea0ecglims8fo0lmjuocd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox body of water
| name = Hora-Dambal
| image = Lake Ziway.jpg
| caption = 
| image_bathymetry = Ethiopia_central_lakes.jpg
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location = 
| coords = {{coord|08.00|N|38.83|E|region:ET_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| type = 
| inflow = 
| outflow = 
| catchment = 
| basin_countries = Itoobiya
| length = {{cvt|31|km}}
| width = {{cvt|20|km}}
| area = {{cvt|440|km2}}
| depth = 
| max-depth = {{cvt|8.9|m}}
| volume = 
| residence_time = 
| shore = 
| elevation = {{cvt|1636|m}}
| islands = 
| cities = [[Batu (magaalo)|Batu]]
| pushpin_map = Ethiopia
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt = Goobta Harada Zway ee Itoobiya.
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| website = 
}}

'''Harada Batu''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Hora-Dambal''' ama '''Dambal''' ([[Af-Oromo|Oromo]]: ''Hora Dambal'') waa mid ka mid ah [[harooyinka Dooxada Rift]] ee biyaha macaan ee [[Itoobiya]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 100 mayl koonfurta [[Addis Ababa]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Leslau |first=Wolf |date=1999 |title=Dambal Ethiopic Documents: Grammar and Dictionary |location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |page=xv |isbn=3447041625}}&lt;/ref&gt; xadka u dhexeeya [[Oromiya]] iyo [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed]], degmooyinka haysta xeebta harada waa [[Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha|Adami Tullu-Jido Kombolcha]], [[Dugda (degmo)|Dugda]], iyo [[Batu (magaalo)|magaalada Batu]]. Magaalada [[Batu (magaalo)|Batu]] waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee harada. Harada waxaa inta badan quudiya laba wabi, [[Webiga Meki|Meki]] oo ka imanaya galbeedka iyo [[Webiga Katar|Katar]] oo ka imanaya bariga, waxaana biyaha ka saara [[Webiga Bulbula|Bulbula]] kaas oo ku shuba [[Harada Abijatta]]. Biyo-qabashada harada waxay leedahay bed dhan 7,025 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran.&lt;ref&gt;Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PP1 ''A directory of African wetlands''], (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 158&lt;/ref&gt;

Hora-Dambal waa 31 kiiloomitir dhererkeedu yahay iyo 20&amp;nbsp;km ballaciisu yahay, oo leh bedka dusha sare oo ah 440 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran. Waxay leedahay qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo ah 9 mitir waxayna ku taal joogga 1,636 mitir.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Working_Papers/working/WP123.pdf &quot;Water Resources and Irrigation Development in Ethiopia – IWMI&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Working_Papers/working/WP123.pdf |date=20110718023957 }}, Jadwalka 3. Xogta aasaasiga ah ee haydarooliga ee harooyinka iyo biyo-xireennada Itoobiya. (La helay 2 Luulyo 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Google Earth&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay leedahay qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo ah 4 mitir waxayna ku taal joogga 1,846 mitir.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466 &quot;Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)&quot;], Jadwalka A.2. Website-ka Hay'adda Dhexe ee Tirakoobka (La helay 26 Diseembar 2009)&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ka kooban tahay shan jasiiradood, oo ay ku jiraan Debre Sina, Galila, Funduro, Tsedecha iyo Tulu Gudo, oo hoy u ah [[kalluun]] (macbad) la sheegay inuu ku jiray [[Sanduuqa Axdiga]] qiyaastii qarnigii sagaalaad.
	
Xeebaha iyo jasiiradaha Hora Dambal waa hoyga [[dadka Zay]]. Dhaqanku wuxuu sheegayaa in markii [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] oo ka tirsan [[Saldanada Adal]] uu qabsaday Itoobiya, Masiixiyiinta aaggaasi ay magangelyo ka raadsadeen jasiiradaheeda. Waxaa markii dambe ka go'doonsaday inta kale ee Itoobiya [[dadka Oromada]], oo ku noolaa hareeraha harada. Waqtigii [[Menelik II]] uu qabsaday dhulka hareeraha harada, dadkii deganaa harada dib ayaa loo helay waxaana la ogaaday inay ilaashadeen labadaba caqiidadooda Masiixiga ah iyo tiro qoraallo qadiimi ah.&lt;ref&gt;Paul B. Henze, ''Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'' (New York: Palgrave, 2000), pp. 113f, 152&lt;/ref&gt;

Sahamiyaha qarnigii 20-aad [[Herbert Weld Blundell]] wuxuu ku tilmaamay inuu helay &quot;laba barxadood oo kala duwan oo xeebo hore ah oo kor u kacay qiyaastii 80 cagood heerka hadda, kuwaas oo samaynaya giraan ku dhow harada waqooyiga, qiyaastii 4 mayl xeebta, taasoo calaamad u ah bassin hore.&quot; Xeebaha waqooyi waxaa daboolay [[Cyperus papyrus|papyrus]]. Weld Blundell wuxuu ku darayaa xisaabtiisa &quot;dhaqan cajiib ah, laga yaabee inuu soo jeediyay xeebta kor u kacday,&quot; iyo in haradu &quot;ay ahayd boqortooyo 50 mayl ballac ah, oo ay ku noolaayeen toddobaatan iyo siddeed madax,&quot; taas oo baaba'day habeen keliya.&lt;ref&gt;H. Weld Blundell, &quot;Exploration in the Abai Basin, Abyssinia&quot;, ''The Geographical Journal'', 27 (1906), pp. 529–551&lt;/ref&gt;

Haradu waxay caan ku tahay dadkeeda badan ee shimbiraha iyo [[jeer]]-ka. Waxay kaloo taageertaa [[Kalluumeysiga Itoobiya|warshad kalluumeysi]]; sida laga soo xigtay Waaxda Kalluumeysiga iyo Biyaha ee Itoobiya, 2454 tan oo kalluun ah ayaa la soo dejiyaa sannad kasta, taas oo waaxdu ku qiyaastay inay tahay 83% qaddarkeeda waara.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm &quot;Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm |date=20080228033847 }} (warbixin taariikhdu ahayd Janaayo, 2003)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Xusuusin ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070703040928/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dsafr018.html Gelitaanka Database-ka ILEC ee Harada Zway]

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  <page>
    <title>Harada Togo</title>
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      <text bytes="3935" sha1="dz34252q41b310ctmqlk7ntvaalfi56" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lagune in Aného.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Muuqaal guud oo ku saabsan harada ku taal Aného, Togo]]
'''Harada Togo''' ''([[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]: Lac Togo)'' waa qaybta ugu weyn ee [[harada]] ku taal [[Togo]], oo ay ka soocday Badweynta Atlaantik dhul xeebeed cidhiidhi ah. Waa mid gacmeed waxaana ay caan ku tahay [[ciyaaraha biyaha]]. Magaalooyinka ku yaal xeebta harada waxaa ka mid ah [[Agbodrafo]] iyo [[Togoville]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Room |first= Adrian |title= Placenames of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl00room |url-access=registration |year=1997 |publisher= McFarland &amp; Company |isbn=0-7864-1814-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl00room/page/360 360]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gaadiidka harada badanaa waa [[pirogue]] (dooni).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.togo-tourisme.com/villes-togo/togoville |title=Togoville |publisher=Togo Tourism |accessdate=21 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalka Harada Togo ==
Harada Togo waa qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} dhererkeedu yahay, {{convert|6|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} ballaciisu yahay iyo 64&amp;nbsp;km² oo bed ah. Waxay biyo ka heshaa [[Webiga Sio]] oo dhanka koonfur-galbeed ah iyo durdurro kale oo yaryar oo dhanka galbeed iyo bari ah iyo [[Webiga Haho]] oo ka soo gala waqooyiga. Harada waxaa badda ka soocay sandbar qiyaastii hal kiiloomitir ballac ah. Biyuhu waxay u baxaan dhanka bari iyada oo loo marayo qayb u eg kanaal halkaas oo ay biyo ka hesho [[Harada Vogan]], oo u dhow, yar, waxayna sii socotaa nidaamka harada ee xeebta dherarkeeda.&lt;ref name=Hughes/&gt;

Waddo weyn ayaa ka gudubta xeebta koonfurta harada iyo waddooyinka maxalliga ah oo ku wareegsan harada, iyagoo isku xira tuulooyinka yaryar. Aaggu si weyn looguma noola oo waxaa jira dalxiis yar. Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ku tiirsan yahay beerashada ballaaran iyo kalluumeysiga, iyada oo la isticmaalayo [[seine net]] (shabaag) kalluunka ayaana lagu iibiyaa magaalooyinka maxalliga ah. [[Qumbaha]] waxaa lagu beeraa inta u dhaxaysa harada iyo xeebta, waxaana jira beeraha qumbaha iyo [[Elaeis|timirta saliidda]] ee bannaannada fatahaadda ee waqooyiga harada.&lt;ref name=Hughes/&gt;

== Duurjoogta ==
Harada Togo, oo ay weheliso Harada Vogan oo u dhow yar iyo harooyin kale oo xeebta ah, waxay samaysaa aag muhiim u ah shimbiraha. Waxaa ku hareeraysan bannaannada fatahaadda kuwaas oo lagu daboolay cawska fatahaadda caadiga ah, iyo ''[[Phragmites]]'' iyo ''[[Typha]]'' kuwaas oo ka dhaca meelaha qoyan. Ma jiraan geedo mangrove ah sababtoo ah harooyinkani maaha kuwo la saameeyo hirarka. Waqtiyada marka biyaha fatahaaddu ay ku jiraan harooyinka, [[Pistia|water cabbage]] (''Pistia stratiotes'') oo si degdeg ah u koraya ayaa soo baxa.&lt;ref name=Hughes&gt;{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |page=443}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harada, dhulalka qoyan, harooyinka, iyo ciidda xeebta ee aaggan waxay bixiyaan meelo lagu nasto ee shimbiraha biyaha iyo terns-ka soo haajira inta ay ku jiraan dariiqooda dhanka galbeed ee Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.africanbirdclub.org/countries/Togo/ibas |title=Togo: Important Bird Areas |date=25 January 2015 |publisher=African Bird Club |accessdate=21 November 2016 |archive-date=28 Bisha Sideedaad 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828233005/https://www.africanbirdclub.org/countries/Togo/ibas |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalluunka ku jira harada waa labadaba asalkoodu yahay badda iyo wabiga, noocyada ugu caansan waa ''[[Tilapia]]'' iyo kalluunka carfish ''[[Chrysichthys]]''. Invertebrates waxaa ka mid ah gastropod molluscs ''[[Pachymelania]]'' spp. iyo ''[[Tympanotonos fuscatus]]'' iyo crustaceans ''[[Farfantepenaeus duorarum]]'' iyo ''[[Callinectes latimanus]]''.&lt;ref name=Hughes/&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Commons category}}
{{coord|display=title}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

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  <page>
    <title>Biyo xireenka Kesses</title>
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      <text bytes="8895" sha1="hh6nd747g85wf7ghweol0s6t5z08yft" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox body of water
| name               =  Biyo-xireenka Kesses
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = 
| other_name         = 
&lt;!--    Images     --&gt;
| image              = A cloudy day at Kesses.jpg
| alt                = 
| caption            = Kaydka Kesses 18 May 2019
&lt;!--    Stats      --&gt;
| location           = [[Uasin Gishu County]], Kenya
| group              = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|0.2808 |35.3337 |region:ZZ_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}}
| type               = 
| etymology          = 
| part_of            = 
| inflow             = Webiyada Tarakwa iyo Nderugut
| rivers             = 
| outflow            = Webiga Sambul
| catchment          = {{convert|1720|ha}}
| basin_countries    = 
| length             = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt; 
| width              = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| area               = {{convert|189|ha}}
| depth              = {{convert|3|m}}
| max-depth          = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| volume             = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| residence_time     = 
| salinity           = 
| shore              = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| elevation          = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| temperature_high   = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| temperature_low    = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
&lt;!--      Map      --&gt;
| pushpin_map             = Kenya
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = Goobta Kenya
}}
'''Biyo-xireenka Kesses''' (ama '''Harada Lessos''') waa haro yar oo dadku sameeyeen oo ku taal [[Kenya]]. Waa mid ka mid ah ilaha [[Webiga Yala]].
Waxaa loo isticmaalaa il biyo oo loogu talagalay waraabka iyo isticmaalka gudaha, iyo sidoo kale doon-wadista iyo hawlaha kale ee biyaha.

== Goobta ==

Biyo-xireenka Kesses wuxuu ku yaal Kesses Sub County ee [[Uasin Gishu County]], oo ku taal madal ku taal [[Rift Valley Province|Rift Valley]].
Cimiladu waa qabow oo dhexdhexaad ah.{{sfn|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}}
Aaggu wuxuu leeyahay dhul siman oo leh buuro leh jiirada dhexdhexaad ah oo leh niyad-jab gacmeed.
Waxaa jira dhul-qoyan iyo durdurro yaryar oo joogto ah.{{sfn|Boye|Verchot|Zomer|2008|p=41}}

Biyo-xireenka Kesses wuxuu {{convert|31|km}} koonfur ka xigaa magaalada [[Eldoret]] iyo {{convert|6|km}} bari ka xigaa xarunta ugu weyn ee [[Moi University]], oo joogga {{convert|2750|m}}.
Wuxuu biyaha ugu badan ka helaa webiyada Tarakwa iyo Nderugut, kuwaas oo ka soo gala kaydka dhanka bari iyagoo sii maraya dhul-qoyan oo leh noocyada ''[[Typha latifolia]]'' iyo ''[[Cyperus]]''.
Baaxadda biyaha la qabto waa qiyaastii {{convert|1720|ha}}.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=1}}
Sannadkii 2012 kaydka biyuhu wuxuu lahaa baaxad dhan {{convert|189|ha}}.
Celceliska qoto dheer waa {{convert|3|m}}.
Meesha laga baxo waa Webiga Sambul oo ku yaal galbeedka.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=1}}
Kaydka biyuhu waa mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Yala.{{sfn|Boye|Verchot|Zomer|2008|p=41}}

== Horumarinta ==

Goobta biyo-xireenka asal ahaan waxay ahayd niyad-jab ku yaal beer uu lahaa gumayste reer Danmark ah, Eric Jorgensen, oo daboolay qiyaastii {{convert|500|acre}} oo daaqsin liita ah.
Jorgensen wuxuu helay taageerada lix ka mid ah deriskiisa si ay u dhisaan biyo-xireen, kaas oo ku kacay £3,000.
Muddo 50 maalmood gudahood ah laba durdur ayaa ka buuxiyay kaydka, kaas oo lahaa laba gacmood, oo dhererkoodu ahaa {{convert|1.5|and|1.25|mi}} siday u kala horreeyaan.
Sannadkii 1967 waxaa biyo-xireenka ka jiray naadi yacht.{{sfn|Ayre}}

[[File:LessosDam.jpg|left|alt=Lessos Dam late 1960's|thumb|Lessos Dam dabayaaqadii 1960-meeyadii]]

Intii lagu jiray doodii baarlamaanka ee Maajo 1984 ee ku saabsan aasaasidda [[Moi University]] ee Eldoret waxaa la tilmaamay in Harada Lessos ay u dhowayd oo ay ahayd mid ka mid ah harooyinka ugu waaweyn ee dadku sameeyeen, markaa jaamacadda cusubi waxay yeelan doontaa sahay badan oo biyo ah, taas oo ah arrin muhiim ah sababtoo ah cimilada qallalan.
Harada lama isticmaalin waqtigaas.
Waxa kale oo ay ardayda qaadanaysa koorsooyinka kalluumeysiga u isticmaali karaan tijaabooyin, waxaana isticmaali kara naadiga yacht-ka.{{sfn|arap Saina|1984|p=1583}}
Tuubo weyn oo biyo ah ayaa la rakibay si ay biyaha u gayso jaamacadda.{{sfn|Wameyo|1991|p=37}}

Dood baarlamaan oo dhacday 1991 ayaa lagu xusay in biyo-xireenku uu wakhtigan xaadirka ah bixinayay oo kaliya Jaamacadda Moi.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, biyo-xireenka ayaa la dheereeyay, iyadoo kaydka la ballaariyay si uu u hayo biyo badan, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sahaydo guryaha aaggaas ku yaal.{{sfn|Wameyo|1991|p=34}}
Shaqo ayaa socotay si kor loogu qaado dhererka biyo-xireenka, sahanno ayaana socday si biyaha loogu keeno meelaha ku hareeraysan Xarunta Kesses, Dugsiga Sare ee Kesses, aagga Bombay iyo aagagga deegaanka ee u dhexeeya Xarunta Kesses iyo Jaamacadda Moi.{{sfn|Wameyo|1991|p=58}}

== Duurjoogta ==

Sannadihii 1978–1988 kaydka biyaha waxaa u isticmaali jiray jiilaalka dhowr nooc oo shimbiraha duck-ka ah ee socdaalka.
Tirada celceliska sannadlaha ah waxay ahaayeen [[Wigeon]]: 8, [[Northern pintail]]: 45, [[Garganey]]: 105 iyo [[Shoveler]]: 60.{{sfn|Pearson|Meadows|1977|p=111}}

Kalluunka ugu horreeyay ee la soo bandhigay waxay ahaayeen ''[[Tilapiine cichlid]]s''.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=1}}
Sannadkii 1990 iyo 1996 qiyaastii 5,000 oo ah [[Nile tilapia]] (''Oreochromis niloticus'') ayaa la soo bandhigay.
Noocyada ''[[Barbus]]'' iyo ''[[Gambusia]]'' ayaa sidoo kale la arkay.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=2}}
Dulinka ''[[Clinostomum]]'' waxaa laga helay 75% muunad kalluun ah oo laga soo qaaday Biyo-xireenka Kesses 2010–2011, iyadoo heerarku ay sarreeyaan ragga marka loo eego dheddigga.
Heerarka sarreeya ee qaraabada ah waxaa laga yaabaa inay qayb ahaan u sabab yihiin biyaha qashinka ah ee lagu sii daayo kaydka biyaha ee ka yimaada xarunta magaalada ee u dhow iyo dugsiga.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=4}}

== Hawlaha ==

Biyo-xireenka waxaa u isticmaala xarun madadaalo ahaan ardayda Jaamacadda Moi, iyo dadka deegaanka iyo dadka soo booqda.
Hawlaha waxaa ka mid ah doon-wadista, kalluumeysiga, daawashada shimbiraha iyo daawashada [[sitatunga]].{{sfn|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}}

== Qoraalo ==
{{notes}}{{reflist|30em}}

== Isha ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation
 |last=arap Saina|first=William Morogo|title=Diiwaanka Rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Kenya (Hansard)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49anJDdarhwC&amp;pg=RA1-PA1583
 |date=1984|chapter=Hindise-sharciyeedka Jaamacadda Moi}}
*{{citation |url=http://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/default.asp?a=viewIndividual&amp;pid=2&amp;person=4929 |accessdate=2021-03-08
 |last=Ayre |first=Peter |title=Magaca: JORGENSEN, Eric 'Jorg' |work=Yurubiyiinta Bariga Afrika}}
*{{citation |url=https://www.oceandocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/6839/ktf0256.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |accessdate=2021-03-07 |first1=Anja |last1=Boye |first2=Louis |last2=Verchot |first3=Robert |last3=Zomer |publisher=Xarunta Caalamiga ah ee Cilmi-baarista Agorforestry |location=Nairobi, Kenya |date=5 March 2008 |title=Warbixinta Aasaasiga ah ee Webiyaasha Yala iyo Nzoia |type=Mashruuca Maareynta Nidaamka Deegaanka ee Galbeedka Kenya: Natiijooyinka ka soo baxay Sahannada Aasaasiga ah }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
*{{citation |url=https://www.ijser.org/paper/A-Study-of-Clinostomum-affecting-Oreochromis-niloticus-in-small-water-bodies-in-Eldoret-Kenya.html |accessdate=2021-03-09
 |last1=Ochieng |first1=V. O. |last2=Matolla |first2=G.K. |last3=Khyria |first3=S.K. |title=Daraasad ku saabsan Clinostomum oo saameeya Oreochromis niloticus ee meelaha yaryar ee biyaha ee Eldoret-Kenya
 |journal=International Journal of Scientific &amp; Engineering Research |volume=3 |issue=4 |date=April 2012 |issn=2229-5518}}
*{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/scopus151619911993east/page/n121/mode/2up?q=lessos |accessdate=2021-03-08 |title=Duck-ka Palearctic ee Kenya
 |last1=Pearson |first1=D.J. |last2=Meadows |first2=B.S. |page=111 |journal=Scopus |publisher=Ururka Dabiiciga ah ee Bariga Afrika. Guddiga Hoosaadka Ornithological |year=1977}}
*{{citation |url=https://tourism.uasingishu.go.ke/tourism-destinations/ |accessdate=2021-03-09 |title=Meelaha Dalxiiska |work=Xariirka Dalxiiska ee Degmada Uasin Gishu |ref={{harvid|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}} |archive-date=2021-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124124243/http://tourism.uasingishu.go.ke/tourism-destinations/ |url-status=dead }}
*{{citation
 |author=Wameyo|title=Diiwaanka Rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Kenya (Hansard)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rqg8dZ14aoC&amp;pg=RA1-PA33|date=1991-07-02
 |chapter=Tallaabooyinka lagu siinayo biyo ku filan Eldoret South }}
{{refend}}</text>
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    <title>Harada Naivasha</title>
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      <text bytes="11172" sha1="capvyosiu7a6lv27o537xxi5cds2zlo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox body of water
| name = Harada Naivasha
| image = Naivasha lake.jpg
| caption = 
| image_bathymetry = 
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location = 
| coords = {{coord|0|46|6.70|S|36|21|2.32|E|region:KE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| type = 
| inflow = 
| outflow = 
| catchment = 
| basin_countries = Kenya
| length = 
| width = 
| area = {{convert|139|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth = {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| max-depth = {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| volume = 
| residence_time = 
| shore = 
| elevation = {{convert|1,884|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| frozen = 
| islands = 
| cities = 
| pushpin_map = Kenya
| pushpin_map_alt = Goobta harada ee Kenya
|embedded = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_date = 10 April 1995
 | designation1_number = 724&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Naivasha|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/724|access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}

[[File:Naivasha ast 2008033 lrg.jpg|thumb|Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka ee Harada Naivasha]]
[[File:KE-Naivasha.png|thumb|Goobta Naivasha ee Kenya]]
'''Harada Naivasha''' waa [[haro]] [[biyo macaan|biyo macaan]] oo ku taal [[Kenya]], oo ka baxsan magaalada [[Naivasha]] ee [[Degmada Nakuru]], waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Nairobi]] ee [[Dooxada Weyn ee Rift|Great Rift Valley]]. Magacu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa magaca [[Af-Maasai|Maasai]] ee ''ɛnaɨpɔ́sha'', kaas oo macnihiisu yahay &quot;waxa kacaya,&quot; waa erey caadi ah oo Maasai ah oo loogu talagalay [[Meydadka biyaha|goobaha biyaha]] oo waaweyn oo leh hirar marka ay dabayshu dhacayso ama duufaantu jirto. Naivasha waxay ka timid isku daygii Ingiriiska ee ahaa inuu ku dhawaaqo magaca [[Maasai Mara|Maasai]]. Erey ahaan, ''Harada Naivasha'' macnaheedu waa &quot;Haro Haro.&quot;

== Goobta ==
[[File:Quiet dusk over Lake Naivasha (5232083375).jpg|thumb|Fiidkii Harada Naivasha]]
Harada Naivasha waa haro biyo macaan oo ku taal dooxada Rift ee Kenya. Waxay ku taal isku-dar adag oo ah [[dhagax foolkaaneed]] iyo [[Dhagaxa fadhiga|dhigaal fadhiisasho]] oo ka yimid haro ka weynayd [[Pleistocene]]. Marka laga reebo durdurrada ku-meel-gaadhka ah, harada waxaa quudiya webiyada [[Webiga Malewa|Malewa]] iyo [[Webiga Gilgil|Gilgil]]. Ma jiro meel laga baxo oo la yaqaan, laakiin maadaama biyaha haradu ay yihiin kuwo biyo macaan ah waxaa loo qaadanayaa inay leedahay meel biyo-mareen dhulka hoostiisa ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Q1pfcjMae8C&amp;pg=PA1  |title=Lake Naivasha, Kenya |first=David M. |last=Harper |publisher=Springer |year=2003 |isbn=1-4020-1236-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haradu waxay lahayd baaxad dusha sare ah oo dhan {{convert|139|km2}}&lt;ref name=&quot;MoiArusei&quot;&gt;&quot;THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE NAIVASHA BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION&quot; (sifooyinka), M.K. Arusei, J. K Sanga, M.P Tole, Waaxda Kiimikada, Dugsiga Daraasaadka Deegaanka, [[Moi University]], P.O Box 3900 [[Eldoret, Kenya]], mareegta:[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050612173509/http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf UNEP-Moi-Arusei-PDF] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050612173509/http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf |date=2005-06-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ka hor 2010, waxayna u korodhay {{convert|198|km2}} marka la gaaro 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Dawladda Kenya iyo UNDP |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ku wareegsan dhul qoyan oo dhan {{convert|64|km2}}, kaas oo kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran roobabka. Joog dhan {{convert|1,884|m}},&lt;ref name=&quot;MoiArusei&quot; /&gt; haradu waxay leedahay qoto dheer oo celcelis ahaan ah {{convert|6|m}}, iyadoo meesha ugu qoto dheer ay tahay Crescent Island, oo leh qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo dhan {{convert|30|m}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;MoiArusei&quot; /&gt; Njorowa Gorge mar ayay samaysay meesha harada laga baxo, laakiin hadda waxay ka sarreysaa harada waxayna samaysaa irdaha laga galo [[Hell's Gate National Park]]. Magaalada [[Naivasha]] (oo hore loo odhan jiray East Nakuru) waxay ku taal cidhifka waqooyi-bari ee harada.

== Deegaanka ==
[[File:Lake Naivasha, Kenya (32487531978).jpg|thumb|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Naivasha]]
Haradu waxay hoy u tahay noocyo kala duwan oo duurjoog ah oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan 400 oo nooc oo [[shimbiro]] kala duwan ah iyo dad aad u tiro badan oo [[Hippopotamus|hibooyin]] ah. Bulshada kalluunka ee harada ayaa aad isu bedbeddelay waqti ka dib, taas oo ay saameeyeen isbeddellada cimilada, dadaalka kalluumeysiga iyo soo bandhigidda noocyada duullaanka ah. Isbeddelkii ugu dambeeyay ee dadka kalluunka ayaa raacay soo bandhigidda shilka ah ee [[common carp]] sanadkii 2001.&lt;ref&gt;Becht, R., Odada, E. O., &amp; Higgins, S. (2005). Lake Naivasha: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. Maareynta harooyinka iyo kaydadka isticmaalka waarta, warbixin loogu talagalay maamulayaasha kaydka harada iyo daneeyayaasha (pp. 277–298). Kusatsu: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)&lt;/ref&gt; Sagaal sano ka dib, sanadkii 2010, common carp wuxuu ka dhignaa in ka badan 90% tirada kalluunka lagu qabtay harada.&lt;ref&gt;Warbixinta Kalluumeysiga Sannadlaha ah ee Harada Naivasha, 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Waxaa jira laba haro oo yaryar oo u dhow Harada Naivasha: Harada Oloiden iyo [[Harada Sonachi]] (haro [[cratarka foolkaaneed|haro cratar ah]] oo cagaar ah). Crater Lake Game Sanctuary ayaa u dhow, halka xeebta harada ay caan ku tahay dadka [[Yurub]] ee [[soo galootiga]] iyo degayaasha.

== Taariikh ==
Intii u dhaxaysay 1937 iyo 1950, harada waxaa loo isticmaali jiray meel ay ku dagaan [[maraakiibta duulaya]] ee [[Imperial Airways]] rakaabka iyo jidka boostada ee ka yimid [[Southampton]] ee [[UK|Britain]] ilaa [[South Africa]]. Waxay isku xidhay [[Kisumu]] iyo [[Nairobi]]. [[Joy Adamson]], qoraaga ''[[Born Free]]'', wuxuu ku noolaa xeebaha harada bartamihii 1960-meeyadii. Xeebaha harada waxaa ku yaal [[Oserian]] (&quot;Djinn Palace&quot;), oo sumcad xumo ku heshay maalmihii [[Happy Valley set|Happy Valley]] intii u dhaxaysay labada [[dagaal adduun]]. Sannadkii 1999, Lake Naivasha Riparian Association waxay heshay [[Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award]] dadaalkooda ilaalinta ee la xidhiidha goobta [[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] ee Harada Naivasha.

== Beeraha iyo warshadaha ==
[[File:Lake Naivasha Fishermen.jpg|thumb|left|Harada Naivasha]]
[[Floriculture]] waa warshadaha ugu waaweyn ee ku wareegsan harada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka aan nidaamsanayn ee biyaha harada ee waraabka ayaa hoos u dhigaya heerka harada waana mawduuc welwel ku haya Kenya.
&lt;ref name=&quot;FAOroses&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 | url=http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html
 | title=A thorn on every rose for Kenya's flower industry
 | publisher=United Nations FAO
 | access-date=2010-06-20
 | archive-date=2017-12-16
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216125803/http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html
 | url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Kalluumeysiga]] ee harada waa il shaqo iyo dakhli u ah dadka deegaanka. Haradu way kala duwan tahay heerka waxayna ku dhowaatay inay gebi ahaanba qallajiso 1890-meeyadii. Heerarka harada guud ahaan waxay raacaan qaabka roobabka ee aagga kaydka.

Harada Naivasha, oo mar lagu tilmaamay inay tahay Jawharaddii taajka ee dhammaan harooyinka Bariga Afrika, ayaa tobannaankii sano ee u dambeeyay la kulantay dhibaatooyin bini'aadam oo ba'an, oo aan ahayn oo kaliya aasaasidda warshado waaweyn oo beeraha iyo beeralayda ah oo ku teedsan xeebaheeda, laakiin sidoo kale qulqulka sii kordhaya ee nafaqooyinka ka yimaada siltation-ka, qashinka iyo qashinka kale ee ka imanaya dadka bini'aadamka ah ee ku nool harada oo hadda gaadhaya ku dhawaad hal milyan oo qof.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|chapter=Megaceryle maxima (Pallas). African Giant Kingfisher. Alcyon géant.|title=The Birds of Africa|year=1988|publisher=Academic Press Limited|doi=10.5040/9781472927002.0171|isbn=978-1-4729-2700-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 1981, warshaddii ugu horreysay ee korontada dhulka hoostiisa ee Harada Naivasha ayaa la bilaabay, marka la gaaro 1985, wadar dhan 45 [[Megawatt|MW]] oo koronto ah ayaa laga dhalinayay aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;MoiArusei&quot; /&gt;

== Heerarka biyaha ==
[[File:Lake Naivasha, Kenya (ASTER).jpg|thumb|Harada Naivasha]]
Qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor, Harada Naivasha, oo ay la socoto [[Harada Elmenteita|Lake Elementaita]] iyo [[Harada Nakuru]] (60 km waqooyi), waxay samaysay hal haro oo qoto dheer oo biyo macaan ah oo ugu dambeyntii qallajisay, taas oo ka tagtay saddexda haro sidii haraa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heerarka biyaha ee [[Harooyinka Dooxada Rift|Rift Valley Lakes]] ayaa tan iyo markii ay kala duwanaayeen si weyn, iyadoo dhowr ka mid ah harooyinka ay ku dhowaadeen inay qallalaan dhowr jeer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Heerka biyuhu wuxuu gaadhay qoto dheer oo 0.6 m ah 1945,
laakiin heerka biyuhu wuxuu mar kale kor u kacay, iyadoo leh hoos u dhac yar, si uu u gaadho qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo ku dhow 6 m 1968.&lt;ref name=&quot;MoiArusei&quot; /&gt; Waxaa jiray hoos u dhac kale oo weyn oo heerka biyaha ah 1987, markii qoto dheer ay gaadhay 2.25 m kor ku xusan gunta harada.&lt;ref name=&quot;MoiArusei&quot; /&gt; Hoos u dhaca heerka biyaha harada ee 1987 ayaa kordhiyay welwelka ku saabsan mustaqbalka warshadaha [[Korontada dhulka hoostiisa|geothermal]], waxaa la qiyaasay in biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee Harada Naivasha ay quudin karaan kaydka [[korontada dhulka hoostiisa]] ee [[Olkaria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MoiArusei&quot; /&gt; Sidaa darteed, hoos u dhaca biyaha harada wuxuu saameyn lahaa mustaqbalka warshadaha korontada dhulka hoostiisa.

Baaxadda dusha sare ee harada ayaa kordhay in ka badan 50% marka la gaaro 2020&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; taasoo keentay in dad badan laga barakiciyo aagagga dadku aadka u degan yihiin ee ku teedsan harada. Mid ka mid ah saynisyahannadii ugu horreeyay ee ogaaday ballaarinta harada wuxuu ahaa cilmiga dhulka oo bartay, si nasiib ah, horraantii 2013 in haradu &quot;ay u guurtay 2 km iyada oo aan noqonin war&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harada Naivasha weli waxay taageertaa shirkado badan oo maxalli ah. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga oo u kaxeynaya dalxiisayaasha iyo dadka maxalliga ah agagaarka harada, iyagoo tusaya aagga weyn ee hippo iyo sidoo kale Crescent Island.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuhAeHPoNvw Warbixinta AFP-TV ee ku saabsan harada oo qallajinaysa]
* [https://pertourmarket.com/lake-naivasha-national-park/ Maxay Harada Naivasha u caan tahay?]</text>
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    <title>Harada Nakuru</title>
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| name = Harada Nakuru
| image = Lake-Nakuru-Baboon-Hill-View.JPG
| caption = Aragtida harada ee laga eego buurta Baboon
| image_bathymetry = 
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location = Nakuru

| coords = {{coord|0|22|S|36|05|E|region:KE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| lake_type = [[Haro alkaline ah]]
| inflow = 
| outflow = Harada Nakuru ma laha meel ay ka baxdo. Ma jiraan webiyo ama dildilaac ka baxaya Harada Nakuru 
| catchment = 
| basin_countries = [[Kenya]]
| length = 
| width = 
| area = {{convert|5|to|45|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth = {{convert|1|ft}}
| max-depth = {{convert|6|ft}}
| volume = 
| residence_time = 
| shore = 
| elevation = {{convert|1754|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| frozen = Harada Nakuru waxay ku taallaa dooxada weyn ee Rift. Haradu weligeed ma barafowdo.
| islands = 
| cities = 
| pushpin_map = Kenya
| pushpin_map_alt = Goobta harada ee Kenya
 |embedded = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_date = 5 June 1990
 | designation1_number = 476&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakuru|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/476|access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child = yes
| Official_name = Nidaamka Harada Kenya ee Dooxada Weyn ee Rift
| Criteria = Natural: vii, ix, x
| ID = 1060
| Year = 2011
}}
{{infobox protected area
|child=yes
| iucn_category = II}}
}}
'''Harada Nakuru''' waa mid ka mid ah [[Harooyinka Dooxada Rift|harooyinka Dooxada Rift]], oo ku taal joog dhan {{convert|1754|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka sarreeya heerka badda. Waxay ku taal koonfurta [[Nakuru]], ee dooxada rift ee [[Kenya]] waxaana ilaaliya Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru.

Qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor, Harada Nakuru, oo ay la socoto [[Harada Elmenteita|Lake Elementaita]] iyo [[Harada Bogoria]], waxay samaysay hal haro oo qoto dheer oo biyo macaan ah oo ugu dambeyntii qallajisay, taas oo ka tagtay saddexda haro sidii haraa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2011 saddexda haro waxaa diiwaangelisay [[UNESCO]] iyada oo ah [[Goob Dhaxal Adduun ah]], Nidaamka Harada Kenya ee Dooxada Weyn ee Rift.

Heerarka biyaha ee Harada Nakuru ayaa isbeddelay si weyn, iyadoo haradu ku dhowaatay inay qallajiso dhowr jeer 50-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hoos u dhac weyn ayaa dhacay horraantii 1990-meeyadii. Sannadkii 2013, heerarku mar kale way kordheen si degdeg ah, taas oo horseeday in shimbiraha flamingos ay u guuraan [[Harada Bogoria]] si ay u raadiyaan sahay cunto.&lt;ref name=&quot;kws&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakuru water levels rise as flamingoes move to Lake Bogoria|url=http://www.kws.org/info/news/2012/03_08_12_water_level.html|access-date=2014-05-29|archive-date=2014-05-29|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529170306/http://www.kws.org/info/news/2012/03_08_12_water_level.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2020 Harada Nakuru waxay kordhisay baaxadda dusha sare oo dhan {{convert|40|to|68|km2}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 677 qoys, qaybo ka mid ah magaalada Nakuru iyo qaar ka mid ah aagagga Beerta Qaranka ayaa fatahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Lake Nakuru National Park-Kenya.jpg|thumb|Submersion of the main gate of Lake Nakuru National Park in 2024 due to rising water levels]]
Tan iyo 2021, waxaa jiray koror cabsi leh oo ku yimid heerarka biyaha ee harada oo ay keentay isbeddelka cimilada. Kororka heerarka biyaha ayaa horseeday in xayawaan laga barakiciyo beerta iyo burburka hantida, qulqulka iridda laga galo ee weyn iyo kaabayaasha kale ee beerta.

Harada Nakuru waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa [[Heshiiska Ramsar]] ee dhulalka qoyan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/ramsar/display/main/main.jsp?zn=ramsar&amp;cp=1-63-68-159%5E23236_4000_0__ |title=Small Grants Fund project on ecotourism potential at Kenya's Lake Nakuru |date=2006-03-28 |publisher=Ramsar |access-date=2009-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru ==
[[File:Lake-Nakuru-National-Park-Entrance.JPG|thumb|right|Irida Beerta Qaranka]]
[[File:Flamingos at lake Nakuru.jpg|thumb|right|[[Flamingos]] oo ku quudinaya Harada Nakuru 1997]]
'''Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru''' (188 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, 73 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) waxaa la abuuray 1961 agagaarka '''Harada Nakuru''', meel u dhow magaalada [[Nakuru]]. Waxay caan ku tahay kumanaan, mararka qaarkood malaayiin [[flamingo]]s ah &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=New hope for flamingo birds in Lake Nakuru |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/health/new-hope-for-flamingo-birds-in-lake-nakuru-4511810 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Nation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo ku buulaysan xeebaha. Dusha sare ee harada gacmeedka ayaa inta badan si dhib yar loo aqoonsan karaa sababtoo ah tirada badan ee casaan-ka ah ee si joogto ah u barakacaya. Tirada flamingos-ka harada waxay ku kala duwan tahay xaaladaha biyaha iyo cuntada &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chebet |first=Caroline |title=Why flamingo populations are on the decline |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/environment/article/2001416464/why-flamingo-populations-are-on-the-decline |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Standard |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo meesha ugu fiican ee laga daawado waa ''Baboon Cliff''. Sidoo kale, xiisaha leh waa aag dhan {{convert|188|km|abbr=on}} oo ku wareegsan harada oo lagu xayndaabay sida kayd si loo ilaaliyo [[giraaf]]yada iyo sidoo kale labada [[wiyisha madow]] iyo [[wiyisha cad]].

Beertu waxay dhawaan ballaaratay qayb ahaan si ay u bixiso kaydka wiyisha madow. Dadaalkan wuxuu u baahday xayndaab – si loo ilaaliyo ugaarsadayaasha halkii laga xaddidi lahaa dhaqdhaqaaqa duurjoogta. Beertu waxay fidsan tahay {{convert|12.1|km|abbr=on}} xadka koonfur-bari ee [[Soysambu Conservancy]], taas oo matalaysa ballaarinta mustaqbalka ee suurtagalka ah ee deegaanka wiyisha iyo marin-duurjoogta kaliya ee haray ee [[Harada Naivasha]].

Sannadkii 2009, beertu waxay lahayd in ka badan 25 [[wiyisha madow ee bari]], mid ka mid ah tirada ugu badan ee dalka, oo lagu daray ilaa 70 [[wiyisha cad ee koonfureed]]. Waxa kale oo jira tiro [[giraafta Rothschild]], mar kale loo raro badbaadada laga bilaabo galbeedka [[Kenya]] laga bilaabo 1977. [[Waterbuck]] waa kuwo aad u badan labada [[Kenya]]n subspecies ayaa laga helaa halkan. Ugaarsadayaasha waxaa ka mid ah libaaxyo, shabeello iyo wiyilo, kuwaas oo si aad ah loo arko waqtiyadii u dambeeyay. Beertu waxay kaloo leedahay [[Pythonidae|python]] cabbir weyn leh oo ku nool dhulalka kaynta leh, waxaana inta badan lagu arki karaa iyagoo ka gudbaya waddooyinka ama ka sudhan geedaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kahenda |first=Mercy |title=Residents' nightmare as rare visitors come calling, wreak havoc |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000130385/standard-digital |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Standard |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida flamingos, waxaa jira kumanaan nooc oo shimbirro kale ah oo ku nool harada iyo aagga ku hareeraysan, sida [[African fish eagle]], [[Goliath heron]], [[hamerkop]], [[pied kingfisher]] iyo [[Verreaux's eagle]] iyo kuwo kale oo noocooda ah. 
{{clear}}
{{wide image|Lake-Nakuru.jpg|800px|Muuqaalka panoramik ee Harada Nakuru ee laga eego Baboon Cliff}}
{{clear}}

== Deegaanka iyo duurjoogta ==
=== Harada Nakuru ===
{{clear}}
[[File:Large number of flamingos at Lake Nakuru.jpg|thumb|Tiro badan oo flamingos ah oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2007]]
{{clear}}
Harada Nakuru, waa [[haro alkaline ah|haro alkaline]] yar (oo u dhaxaysa {{convert|5|to|45|km2|disp=sqbr}}) oo ku taal cidhifka koonfureed ee magaalada [[Nakuru]] waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|164|km}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Nairobi]]. Haradu waxay hoy u tahay [[flamingo]]s casaan ah, kuwaas oo inta badan ka badan hal milyan, mararka qaarkoodna laba milyan.&lt;ref name=Reuters2020&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 3, 2020 |title=Long-missed pink flamingos return to Kenya's Lake Nakuru |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-environment-flamingos-idUSKBN25U0WG |quote=Flamingos eat insect larvae and algae that gives them their pink hue. High water levels shrink the birds' ideal breeding and feeding grounds. |access-date=January 3, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku quudiyaan [[algae]] badan, oo ku barwaaqoobay biyaha kulul. Saynis yahanadu waxay qiyaasayaan in dadka [[flamingo]] ee Nakuru ay cunaan qiyaastii {{convert|250,000|kg|abbr=on}} oo [[algae]] halkii hektar ee dusha sare sannadkii.

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo [[flamingo]] ah: [[lesser flamingo]] (gaaban oo fudud) iyo [[greater flamingo]] (dheer oo madow). Lesser flamingos waxaa badanaa lagu sawiraa dukumentiyada inta badan sababtoo ah tiradooda badan. Tirada flamingos-ka ayaa hoos u dhacaysay dhawaan{{when|date=February 2025}}, laga yaabee sababtoo ah dalxiis aad u badan ama wasakh ka dhalatay qashinka warshadaha oo lagu shubo ilaha biyaha ee aagga ku hareeraysan – isbeddellada tayada biyaha ayaa harada ka dhigaya ku meel gaadh ahaan mid aan loo baahnayn flamingoes. Caadi ahaan, haradu way dib u gurataa xilliga abaaraha waxayna fatahtaa xilliga roobka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoRfAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&amp;pg=PA27&amp;article_id=3876,3511695 |via=[[Lewiston Morning Tribune|Lewiston Tribune]] |title=Flamingo Farewell |date=November 26, 2006 |first=Charles J. |agency=Associated Press |location=Lewiston, Idaho |last=Hanley |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEFSAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&amp;pg=PA43&amp;article_id=7149,430876 |title=Pollution drives birds from lake in Kenya |work=[[Tampa Bay Times|St. Petersburg Times]] |first=Alfredo |last=Araujo |date=May 26, 1975 |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tan iyo 1975, waxaa jiray kala duwanaansho ballaaran oo u dhexeeya heerarka biyaha ee xilliyada qalalan iyo kuwa qoyan. 1990-meeyadii, heerka biyaha ee goobta ayaa hoos u dhacay si aad ah. Kadib 2013, waxay heshay koror aad u weyn oo heerarka biyaha ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2013 iyo 2020, dusha sare ee harada ayaa si ku meel gaar ah u ballaartay min 15.4 sq mi (40 sq km) ilaa 26.3 sq mi (68 sq km). Tani waxay keentay fatahaadda boqollaal aagagga beerta iyo guryaha maxalliga ah.&lt;ref name=Reuters2020 /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |work=Our Breathing Planet |title=Lake Nakuru |date=30 September 2016 |url=https://www.ourbreathingplanet.com/?p=5724 |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Waxaa looga shakisan yahay in isbeddelladan ay keeneen kordhinta beddelka dhulka biyaha u dhow ee wax-soo-saarka dalagga iyo magaaleynta, labadaba taas oo yareynaysa awoodda carrada si ay u nuugaan biyaha, dib u buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa iyo sidaas awgeed kordhinta fatahaadda xilliyeed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzAqAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&amp;pg=PA12&amp;article_id=7144,1177819 |work=[[The Daily News (Kentucky)|Park City Daily News]] |title=Pollution is causing birds to take flight in Kenya |date=May 7, 1975 |first=Alfredo |last=Araujo |location=Bowling Green, Kentucky |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasakhda iyo abaaraha ayaa baabi'iya cuntada flamingos, [[Cyanobacteria]] oo loo yaqaan algae buluug-cagaaran, taasoo keenaysa inay u haajiraan harooyinka u dhow, marar dhawaanahan Harooyinka [[Elementaita]], [[Simbi]] Nyaima iyo [[Harada Bogoria|Bogoria]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhknAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&amp;pg=PA2&amp;article_id=5236,3695403 |via=[[The Victoria Advocate]] |title=A farewell to flamingoes, African lake's iconic birds are vanishing |first=Charles J. |last=Hanley |location=Victoria, Texas |agency=Associated Press |date=November 17, 2006 |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isbeddellada cimilada maxalliga ah ayaa sidoo kale loo malaynayaa inay gacan ka geystaan isbeddelka xaaladaha deegaanka ee harooyinka. Warbixinnada warbaahinta ee 1991 ayaa muujiyay walaac sii kordhaya oo ka dhex jira daneeyayaasha, maadaama qax-qaxa ballaaran ee flamingo iyo dhimashadu ay u horseedi karto masiibo warshadaha dalxiiska.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UDIwAAAAIBAJ&amp;dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&amp;pg=PA171&amp;article_id=2630,5900197 |via=[[Reading Eagle]] |agency=Reuters |location=Reading, Pennsylvania |date=December 30, 1991 |title=Pollution is killing park life, waste is defiling Kenya preserve |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2024, go'aannada maxkamadda Kenya ayaa cadaadis ku saaraya xarunta daaweynta biyaha ee maxalliga ah iyo mas'uuliyiinta la magacaabay si ay u nadiifiyaan dheecaannada saameeya Harada Nakuru Basin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://nakuru.mtaawangu.co.ke/categories/whats-hot/lobby-group-wins-court-case-against-county-government-to-save-lake-nakuru-4777724 |title=Lobby group wins court case against county government to save Lake Nakuru |first=Bret |last=Sanya |work=Mtaa Wangu |location=Nakuru, Kenya |date=September 27, 2024 |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Flamingo]]s waxay ku quudiyaan [[algae]], laga sameeyay qashinkooda biyaha [[alkaline]] ee diiran, iyo [[plankton]]. Laakiin [[flamingo]] maaha soo jiidashada avian-ka kaliya; sidoo kale waxay joogaan laba shimbirood oo waaweyn oo kalluunka cuna, [[pelican]]s iyo [[cormorant]]s. In kasta oo biyaha diirran iyo [[alkaline]], kalluun yar, ''[[Alcolapia grahami]]'' ayaa barwaaqoobay ka dib markii la soo bandhigay horraantii 1960-meeyadii.&lt;ref name = FishBase&gt;{{FishBase|Alcolapia|grahami|month=September|year=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:African Hoopoe (Upupa africana).jpg|thumb|African Hoopoe oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2008]]
Haradu waxay kaloo hodan ku tahay nolol kale oo shimbiro ah. Waxaa jira in ka badan 400 oo nooc oo degan harada iyo beerta ku hareeraysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.exoticbirding.com/kenya/lake-nakuru/checklist.html |title=Lake Nakuru, birds sighted |first=Jim |last=Wittenberger |work=Exotic Birding |date=2025 |access-date=February 19, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kumanaan ka mid ah labada [[grebe]]s iyo [[tern]]s madow ee garabka cad ayaa inta badan la arkaa sida [[stilt]]s, [[avocet]]s, [[duck]]s, iyo jiilaalka Yurub shimbiraha socdaalka.

[[File:Lake Nakuru (305955723).jpg|thumb|Storks cad, flamingoes iyo shimbiraha kale ee Harada Nakuru, 2008]]

[[File:Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya - 51955018528.jpg|thumb|left|Pelicans cad oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2022]]
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[[Zooplankton]] waxay ku jiraan haradan, qayb ka mid ah cuntada shimbiraha. Nooca [[rotifer]] monogonont ''[[Brachionus]] sp.'' Austria (oo ka tirsan ''[[Brachionus plicatilis]]'' cryptic species complex) ayaa ka dhaca harada.

=== Dhulka beerta dhexdeeda ===
[[File:Rhinos at lake nakuru.jpg|thumb|Wiyisha Cad]]
Dhulka ku wareegsan Harada Nakuru waxay hoy u tahay noocyo kala duwan oo duurjoog ah, gaar ahaan noocyada laga helo kaliya qaaradda Afrika.

Tirinta noocyada ayaa bilaabantay 1970 si loo qiimeeyo kala duwanaanta iyo baaxadda xayawaanka beerta oo loo ogaado hoos u dhaca ama kororka waqti ka dib.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1974.tb00113.x |title=Density and biomass of large mammals in Lake Nakuru National Park |first=M. J. |last=Kutilek |journal=African Journal of Ecology |date=April 2008 |orig-date=September 1974 |volume=12 |number=3 |pages=201–212 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1974.tb00113.x |access-date=February 19, 2025 |quote=Over the past 70 years, human activity has severely limited the diversity and movements of large mammals in the region of Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya. Game counts were begun in April 1970 to assess the status of those species remaining. |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wiyisha madow iyo caddaanku waxay ku barwaaqoobaan beerta qaranka ee ku hareeraysan aagga loo qoondeeyay wiyisha. Waxaa lagu xayndaabay si loo xaddido ugaarsiga. Sidoo kale waxaa la arkaa Cape buffalo, African wild dog, zebra, eland iyo waterbuck.&lt;ref name=WildlifeWorldwide /&gt;

Waxaa jiray aragtida shabeelka, iyo giraafta Rothschild ee naadir ah. Kaydkeeda acacia iyo euphorbia waxay u yihiin hoy xayawaannada inta lagu jiro kulaylka maalintii. Barkadda hippo waxay u oggolaanaysaa daawashada noocyadaas.&lt;ref name=WildlifeWorldwide&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.wildlifeworldwide.com/locations/lake-nakuru-national-park |title=Lake Nakuru National Park |date=2025 |work=Wildlife Worldwide, The Natural Travel Collection |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Liiska Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee Kenya]]
* [[Harooyinka Dooxada Rift]]
* [[Dooxada Weyn ee Rift, Kenya]]
* [[Webiyada Kenya]]
* [[Lake Nshenyi]]

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{commons category|Lake Nakuru}}
{{wikivoyage|Lake Nakuru National Park}}
*[https://www.kws.go.ke/lake-nakuru-national-park Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru] mareegta
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021112062553/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/11/1107_021108_TVflamingo.html National Geographic – &quot;Mysterious Kenya Flamingo Die-Offs Tied to Toxins, Study Says&quot;] (November 2002)

{{authority control}}

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    <title>Gobolka Ahafo</title>
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| official_name      = Gobolka Ahafo
| type               = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline      = The Tano River.jpg
| image_caption      = Webiga Tano
| image_map          = Ahafo in Ghana 2018.svg
| mapsize            = 150px
| map_caption        = Goobta Ahafo ee Ghana
| image_map1         = 
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| flag_link          = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| leader_title       = Magaalada ugu weyn
| leader_name        = [[Mim, Ahafo]]
| leader_title1      = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name1       = [[Charity Gardiner]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ahrcc.gov.gh/newly-appointed-ahafo-regional-minister-hon-george-yaw-boakye-paid-a-courtesy-call-to-nana-sankoremanhene/|title = Newly Appointed Ahafo Regional Minister, Hon. George Yaw Boakye Paid a Courtesy Call to Nana Sankoremanhene – Ahafo Regional Coordinating Council}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title2      = &lt;!-- Members of Parliament --&gt;
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| seat               = [[Goaso]]
| area_total_km2     = 5,193
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_rank          = &lt;!--[[List of Ghanaian regions by area|Ranked ]]--&gt;
| population_total   = 564,668&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTMxOTU3MTAxOC44MjU=&amp;&amp;Bono&amp;regid=2|title = Ghana Statistical Services}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of   = Tirakoobka 2021
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank    = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego dadka|Kaalinta 16-aad]]
| population_density_km2 = 109
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Sannad
| demographics1_info1 = 
| demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba
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| demographics_type2 = [[GDP magacaaban|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1 = Sannad
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| blank_name_sec2    = [[Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}}
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| parts_type         = [[Degmooyinka Gobolka Ahafo|Degmooyin]]
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| area_code          = [[Lambarrada taleefoonada ee Ghana|035]]
}}
'''Gobolka Ahafo''' waa [[Gobolada Ghana|gobol]] cusub oo ku yaalla Ghana, kaas oo la abuuray 27 Diseembar 2018, iyadoo [[Goaso]] ay tahay caasimaddiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-11-21|work=Ghana News|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/11/21/commission-of-enquiry-on-creation-of-new-regions-commences-work/|title=Commission of enquiry on creation of new regions commences work - Ghana News|access-date=2017-12-12|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411215130/http://citifmonline.com/2017/11/21/commission-of-enquiry-on-creation-of-new-regions-commences-work/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CREATION OF NEW ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS—COUNCIL OF STATE RECOMMENDS COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/3917-creation-of-new-administrative-regions-council-of-state-recommends-commission-of-enquiry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924135011/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/3917-creation-of-new-administrative-regions-council-of-state-recommends-commission-of-enquiry |archive-date=2019-09-24 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Government Of Ghana |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay sharci-dejinta maamulka iyo dawladda sida dhammaan tobanka gobol ee horey uga jiray Ghana. Gobolka ayaa laga gooyay qaybta koonfur-bari ee [[Gobolka Brong Ahafo]] waxaana lagu fuliyay ballan-qaad olole oo ay samaysay Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub (New Patriotic Party). Kahor [[doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2016]], murashaxii markaas [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in marka la doorto, uu sahamin doono suurtagalnimada abuurista gobollo cusub oo laga gooyo qaar ka mid ah gobollada jira ee Ghana si dawladda loogu dhoweeyo muwaadiniinta.

Fulinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobollada waxaa loo xilsaaray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta iyo Horumarinta Gobolka]] ee dhawaan la abuuray&lt;ref name=&quot;yyuiu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Ministerial list out: Akufo-Addo creates new ministries, re-aligns old |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731040155/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=22 June 2017 |website= |publisher=MyJoyonline}}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo ay hoggaaminayso [[Dan Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]], wasiirka [[Dawladda Ghana]] ee lagu eedeeyay mas'uuliyadda kormeerka abuurista gobollada cusub ee Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;yyuiu&quot; /&gt; Bishii Maarso 2017, wasaaraddu waxay u dirtay qorshaha abuurista gobolka, oo ay la socdaan kuwo kale, [[Golaha Gobolka (Ghana)|Golaha Gobolka]]. Goluhu wuxuu kulmay in ka badan 36 jeer laga bilaabo wakhtigii la soo gudbiyay ilaa Agoosto 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-08-16 |title=Council of State met 36 times on new Regions - Nana Otuo Siriboe II |language=en-US |work=GhanaCrusader - Latest News in Ghana and Beyond |url=https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193348/https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |archive-date=2017-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Heerka ugu dambeeya ee abuurista gobolka waxaa lagu go'aamiyay [[afti]] ay dadka ku dhex nool gobolka cusub ka qaadeen 27 Diseembar 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Creation Of New Region In Your Hands&quot; – President Akufo-Addo To Nayiri – The Presidency, Republic of Ghana |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211071727/http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |archive-date=2017-12-11 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Ghana Presidency |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Magaalooyinka waaweyn==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot;
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|align=center colspan=4|'''[[Degganaanshaha aadanaha|Magaalooyinka waaweyn]] ee Gobolka Ahafo'''.
|- &quot;
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| No.
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| [[Degganaanshaha aadanaha|Degganaansho]]
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Dadka
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Sannadka tirakoobka
|-
|align=center| '''1'''
|align=center| [[Mim, Ahafo]]
|align=center| 30,753
|align=center| 2017
|-
|align=center| '''2'''
|align=center| [[Goaso]]
|align=center| 24,846
|align=center| 2017
|-
|align=center| '''3'''
|align=center| [[Bechem]]
|align=center| 17,677
|align=center| 2013
|-
|align=center| '''4'''
|align=center| [[Duayaw Nkwanta]]
|align=center| 16,541
|align=center| 2013
|-
|align=center| '''5'''
|align=center|   [[Techimantia]]
|align=center| 
|align=center| 
|-
|align=center| '''6'''
|align=center| [[Kenyasi]]
|align=center| 
|align=center| 
|-
|align=center| '''7'''
|align=center| [[Hwidiem]]
|align=center| 
|align=center|
|}

==Qaybaha maamulka==
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolka waa iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoostiisa, gobolka waxa loo qaybiyaa lix MMDA (oo ka kooban 0 degmooyin magaalo, 3 degmooyin maamul, iyo 3 gole caadi ah).&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaDistricts-Ahafo&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - Ahafo |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617031734/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/12 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019 |website= |publisher=Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development}}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta, Golaha Degmada ama Magaalada, waxaa maamula Maamule sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Ahafo&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/ghana.aspx Brong-Ahafo Region]. Geohive.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! #
! Magaca MMDA
! Caasimad
! Nooca MMDA
! Maamulaha Sare
! Xubin Baarlamaan
!Xisbi
|- 
! 1
| [[Degmada Degmada Asunafo Woqooyi|Asunafo Woqooyi]]
| '''[[Goaso]]'''
| Degmada Maamulka
| Osei Yaw Boahen
| [[Evans Bobie Opoku]]
|NPP
|-
! 2
| [[Degmada Asunafo Koonfur|Asunafo Koonfur]]
| [[Kukuom]]
| Caadi
| Frank Aduse Poku
| [[Eric Opoku (siyaasi)|Eric Opoku]]
|NDC
|- 
! 3
| [[Degmada Asutifi Woqooyi|Asutifi Woqooyi]]
| [[Kenyasi]]
| Caadi
| Anthony Mensah
| [[Patrick Banor]]
|NPP
|-
! 4
| [[Degmada Asutifi Koonfur|Asutifi Koonfur]]
| [[Hwidiem]]
| Caadi
| Robert Mensah Dwomoh
| [[Collins Dauda]]
|NDC
|-
! 5
| [[Degmada Degmada Tano Woqooyi|Tano Woqooyi]]
| [[Duayaw Nkwanta]]
| Degmada Maamulka
| Ernest Kwarteng
| [[Freda Prempeh]]
|NPP
|-
! 6
| [[Degmada Degmada Tano Koonfur|Tano Koonfur]]
| [[Bechem]]
| Degmada Maamulka
| Collins Takyi Offinam
| [[Benjamin Yeboah Sekyere]] 
|NPP
|-
|}

==Taariikh==
[[Afti]] la qabtay 27 Diseembar 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: Massive YES votes for 6 new regions {{!}} General News 2018-12-28 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Referendum-Massive-YES-votes-for-6-new-regions-711692 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=GhanaWeb.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ayaa ansixisay abuurista Gobolka Ahafo. Wadarta guud ee 307,108 cod oo la diiwaan geliyay, 277,663 ayaa ka qayb galay aftida, iyadoo 276,763 (99.68 boqolkiiba) ay u codeeyeen abuurista gobolka cusub. 675 (0.24 boqolkiiba) ayaa diiday mooshinka, iyo 225 cod oo la diiday waxay matalayeen 0.08% wadarta codadka la dhiibtay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-12-28 |title=Referendum: 6 new regions get massive 'YES' votes |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/referendum-6-new-regions-get-massive-yes-votes/6l8qds7 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/12/29/all-six-proposed-regions-meet-constitutional-threshold-requirements-ec/|title=All six proposed regions meet constitutional threshold requirements – EC|date=29 December 2018|newspaper=Ghana Business News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|last=Zurek|first=Kweku|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolka waxaa la abuuray 13 Febraayo 2019 iyada oo la raacayo Qalabka Dastuuriga ah 114.&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaDistricts-Ahafo&quot;/&gt; Goaso ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay caasimadda gobolka cusub.

==Dhaqaalaha==
Degganayaasha Gobolka Ahafo ayaa u badan beeralay soo saara dalagyo lacageed iyo dalagyo cunto labadaba. Dalagga lacageed ee ugu badan ee gobolka laga beero waa [[kakaa|kakaa]].

[[Muus]] iyo [[Casaaf]] waa dalagyada cuntada ee ugu muhiimsan ee laga soo saaro gobolka, waxaana dalagyadan beeraha ay inta badan ka yimaadaan deegaanada [[Sankore, Ghana |Sankore]], [[Kwadwo Addaikrom]], iyo '''Asumura'''.

Gobolku waxa uu hodan ku yahay khayraadka dabiiciga ah sida [[Dahab]], [[Dheeman]], iyo [[Qoryo]]. Kaydka dahabka ayaa ku badan qaybaha [[Mim, Ahafo|Mim]], [[Kenyasi]] iyo [[Yamfo]]. Newmont Gold Ghana Limited, oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha macdanta ee ugu waaweyn adduunka, ayaa hadda ka wada hawlgallada macdanta ee aagagga Kenyasi iyo Yamfo.

Gobolka Ahafo, oo ah mid ka mid ah suumanka kaynta ee Ghana, wuxuu leeyahay kayd kayn badan. Warshadaha qoryaha ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu weyn ee shaqeeya gobolka. Waxaa jira shirkado qoryo waaweyn iyo kuwo dhexdhexaad ah oo ku baahsan gobolka. Waxaana shirkadaha qoryaha ee gobolka ka mid ah shirkadda Ayum Forest Products Co. Ltd,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Trade Minister inaugurates 5-member-board of revitalised Ayum Forest Product Ltd - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/trade-minister-inaugurates-5-member-board-of-revitalised-ayum-forest-product-ltd/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=MyJoyonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Exbo wood Co. Ltd, Ocean-wood Co. Ltd,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ocean Wood Ghana Company Limited is an Exporter in Ghana {{!}} Bill of Lading Data of Ocean Wood Ghana Company Limited |url=https://www.exportgenius.in/ocean-wood-ghana-company-limited-exporter-in-ghana |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=exportgenius india}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Supremo-wood processing Co LTD''',''' dhammaantood ku yaalla [[Mim, Ahafo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nartey |first=Laud |date=24 November 2020 |title=Rising youth population means more job opportunities should be created – Bawumia |url=https://3news.com/rising-youth-population-means-more-job-opportunities-should-be-created-bawumia/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=3news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gobolka Ahafo waxaa loo yaqaanaa inuu yahay dambiisha cuntada ee Ghana. Nooca ciidda ee gobolka ayaa taageera wax soo saarka dalagyada cuntada iyo lacagta labadaba. Gobolka waxaa loo yaqaanaa wax soo saarka weyn ee [[kakaa|kakaa]] iyo [[cashew]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Segbefia |first=Sedem |date=2021-08-02 |title=GCX targets 20,000MT raw cashew for auction next season |url=https://thebftonline.com/2021/08/02/gcx-targets-20000mt-raw-cashew-for-auction-next-season/ |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2023-10-05 |newspaper=[[Business and Financial Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shirkadda ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka beeraha ee gobolka waa shirkadda Mim Cashew &amp; Agric Products company LTD, oo ku taal Mim, Ahafo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mim Cashew implementing new strategies to revamp operations |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=BusinessGhana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dalxiiska==
Goobaha dalxiiska ee Gobolka Ahafo waa:
* [[Mim Bour]] (dhagaxa Mim) ee [[Mim, Ahafo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=Destination |date=2022-12-29 |title=Top 10 Tourist Sites in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana |url=https://visitandtourghana.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-ghanas-brong-ahafo-region-you-should-visit/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Destination Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324054824/https://visitandtourghana.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-ghanas-brong-ahafo-region-you-should-visit/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tourist Sites &amp; Attractions in Ghana by Region - Myshsrank |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/tourtist-attractions-in-ghana-by-region |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=MyShsrank. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mim Lake]] sidoo kale ku yaalla [[Mim, Ahafo]]
* Kaydka White-necked Rockfowl ee Asumura
* Geedka Okomfo Anokye ee Sankore

== Juqraafiga iyo cimilada ==

=== Goobta iyo cabbirka ===
Gobolka Ahafo waxaa xuduud la leh woqooyiga [[Gobolka Bono]], bari waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Ashanti]], galbeedka waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Bono]], koonfurta waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Western North]], waxaana ka kooban 6 degmo.

=== Cimilada iyo dhirta ===
Gobolka Ahafo waa qayb ka mid ah suunka kaynta ee Ghana waxaana uu leeyahay dhir ka kooban carradii bacrinka ahayd iyo daaqsin, gaar ahaan [[savanna]] oo leh kooxo geedo u adkaysta abaaraha sida [[Adansonia digitata|baobabs]] ama [[acacia]]s. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga qalalan]]. [[Xilliga roobka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa qiyaastii Luulyo iyo Noofambar, iyadoo celceliska roobka sanadlaha ah uu yahay 750 ilaa 1050&amp;nbsp;mm (30 ilaa 40&amp;nbsp;inji). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa dhammaadka xilliga qalalan; kuwa ugu hooseeya waa Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaada saxaraha ayaa si joogto ah u dhacda inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo. Heerkulku wuu kala duwanaan karaa inta u dhaxaysa 14&amp;nbsp;°C (59&amp;nbsp;°F) habeenkii iyo 40&amp;nbsp;°C (104&amp;nbsp;°F) maalintii.{{clear left}}

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Goaso]]

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = &lt;!--[[File:Flag of Volta Region.png|25px|link=Volta Region]]--&gt; Ahafo
|North     = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]]
|Northeast = [[Gobolka Ashanti]]
|East      = [[Gobolka Ashanti]]
|Southeast = [[Gobolka Ashanti]]
|South     = [[Gobolka Western North|Western North]]
|Southwest = [[Gobolka Western North|Western North]]
|West      = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gobolka Western North|Western North]]
|Northwest = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]]
}}
{{coord|7|00|N|2|27|W|display=title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}}

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    <title>Gobolka Ashanti</title>
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      <text bytes="24159" sha1="omj2t6cyp5sl28kaqhbn747xggg14uy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Ashanti
| type               = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline      = Sawah rice cultivation in inland valleys in Ashanti region, Ghana - panoramio (14).jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = Beerashada bariiska ee Sawah ee dooxooyinka gudaha ee gobolka Ashanti, Ghana
| image_map          = File:Ashanti in Ghana 2018.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Goobta Gobolka Ashanti ee Ghana
| image_map1         = 
| map_caption1       = 
| image_flag         = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|6|45|N|1|30|W|region:Gh|display=inline, title}}
| flag_size          = 
| flag_link          = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Ghana}}
| leader_title       = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name        = [[Frank Amoakohene]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers - Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704052607/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|archive-date=2017-07-04|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1      = [[Asantehene]]
| leader_name1       = [[Osei Tutu II]]
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = {{nowrap|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kumasi.png}} [[Kumasi]]}}
| area_total_km2     = 24,389
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&amp;sa=8 |title=Ashanti Region |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=Ghanadistricts.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828113312/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&amp;sa=8 |archive-date=2010-08-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank          = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego bedka|Kaalinta 3-aad]]
| population_total   = 5,440,463
| population_footnotes = 
| population_as_of   = Tirakoobka 2021
| population_rank    = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego dadka|Kaalinta 1-aad]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Sannad
| demographics1_info1 = 2013
| demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics1_info2 = $5,150
| demographics_type2 = [[Gross domestic product#Nominal GDP and adjustments to GDP|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1 = Sannad
| demographics2_info1 = 2013
| demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics2_info2 = $2,500
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2022)}}
| blank_info_sec2    = {{increase}} 0.641&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{color|#FFA500|dhexdhexaad}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|3rd]]
| parts_type         = Degmooyin
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 27
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-AH]]
| timezone           = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| area_code          = [[Lambarrada taleefoonada ee Ghana|032]]
| official_name      = 
}}
'''Gobolka Ashanti''' wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta koonfureed ee [[Ghana]] waana gobolka saddexaad ee ugu weyn [[Gobolada Ghana|16 gobol oo maamul]], isagoo ku fadhiya wadarta guud ee dhul dhan 24,389 km2 taas oo ka dhigan 10.2% ee wadarta guud ee dhulka Ghana. Waa [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego dadka|gobolka ugu dadka badan]] Ghana, oo leh dad gaaraya 5,440,463 sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka 2021, taas oo ka dhigan ilaa hal-meel-meel lixaad ee wadarta guud ee dadka Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana: Regions, Major Cities &amp; Urban Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/cities/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolka Ashanti wuxuu caan ku yahay wax soo saarkiisa [[dahab]] iyo [[kakaa|kakaa]]. Magaalada ugu weyn iyo [[caasimadda]] Ashanti waa [[Kumasi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashanti Region2&quot;&gt;[http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&amp;sa=10 Ashanti Region] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828113226/http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&amp;sa=10 |date=August 28, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafiga ==
Gobolka Ashanti wuxuu ku yaallaa suunka dhexe ee Ghana. Wuxuu u dhexeeyaa dhigaha 0.15W iyo 2.25W, iyo loolka 5.50N iyo 7.46N. Gobolku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay lix ka mid ah lix iyo tobanka gobol ee siyaasadeed: [[Gobolka Bono]], [[Gobolka Bono East]], iyo [[Gobolka Ahafo]] ee woqooyiga, Gobolka Bariga oo bari ah, Gobolka Dhexe oo koonfur ah, iyo Gobolka Galbeedka oo koonfur-galbeed ah. Gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 43 degmo, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa madax u ah Maamule Degmo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashanti Region2&quot;/&gt;

== Dhaqaalaha ==
{{Transcluded section|source=Economy of Ashanti}}
Dhaqaalaha Gobolka Ashanti waa mid inta badan isku filan, waxaana u badan [[waaxda adeegga]], [[waaxda beeraha]], iyo [[khayraadka dabiiciga ah]]. Gobolku wuxuu kaloo caan ku yahay wax soo saarka [[manganese]], [[bauxite]] iyo alaabta beeraha sida [[kakaa|kakaa]] iyo [[yuun|yuun]], iyadoo gobolku leeyahay heerar canshuureed oo hooseeya iyo baahi yar oo loo qabo [[maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye]].&lt;ref name=&quot;econ&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kumasi Metropolis Economy |url=http://www.kma.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=atd&amp;_=6&amp;sa=580 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928011130/http://www.kma.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=atd&amp;_=6&amp;sa=580 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015 |work=[[Golaha Magaalada Kumasi]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dadka ==
[[Xarunta dadweynaha]] ee Gobolka Ashanti waxay ku taallaa [[Degmada Magaalada Kumasi]]. Sida laga soo xigtay [[tirakoobka]] 2000, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad gaaraya 3,612,950, taas oo ka dhigaysa gobolka ugu dadka badan Ghana; cufnaantiisu (148.1 halkii km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) waa mid ka hooseysa tan [[Gobolka Dhexe, Ghana|Gobolka Dhexe]] (162.2/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Inta badan dadka Gobolka Ashanti waxay ka soo jeedaan qowmiyadda Akan waxaana ka kooban [[sharciga dhalashada Ghana|muwaadiniin]] dhalasho ahaan (94.2%), halka 5% ay yihiin dad u dhashay Ghana. Qayb yar (5.8%) oo ka mid ah dadweynaha ayaa ka soo jeeda meel ka baxsan Ashanti, Akanland, ama Ghana; 3.7% dadka Ashanti waxay ka yimaadeen mid ka mid ah shanta waddan ee ku hadla Ingiriisiga ee [[ECOWAS]] iyo 2.1% waxay ka yimaadeen dalal kale oo Afrika ah. Dadka aan Afrikaanka ahayn ee ku nool gobolka waa 1.8% wadarta guud ee dadweynaha. [[Dadka Akan|Akans]] waa qowmiyadda ugu badan gobolka, iyagoo matalaya 94.2% muwaadiniinta dhalasho ahaan. Qaybta ugu badan (82.9%) ee dadka Akan waa [[dadka Ashanti|Ashanti]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashanti Region2&quot;/&gt;

== Gaadiidka ==
[[Shabakadda Waddada Ghana|N6]] waxay ku xiran tahay [[Kumasi]], Nsawam, N4, iyo Accra iyada oo loo marayo [[Kwame Nkrumah Interchange|Kwame Nkrumah Circle]]. Ashanti waxay sidoo kale ku xiran tahay [[Gobolka Dhexe, Ghana|Gobolka Dhexe]] iyadoo loo marayo N8 iyo N10, kuwaas oo labaduba ka yimaada Yamoransa ee Gobolka Dhexe. N10 waxay sidoo kale ku xiran tahay Kumasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashanti Region2&quot;/&gt;

== Waxbarashada ==
[[File:Ass Hall.jpg|thumb|Dugsiga Sare ee Anglican, Kumasi]]

=== Dugsiyada sare ===
{{main|Liiska dugsiyada sare ee Gobolka Ashanti}}

=== Waxbarashada sare ===
Gobolka Ashanti wuxuu leeyahay saddex jaamacadood oo dadweyne. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa jira jaamacado iyo kulliyado gaar loo leeyahay, kuwaas oo ku baahsan gobolka oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CoE Network - T-TEL|url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network|access-date=16 August 2024|website=t-tel.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) – Side view of the College of Architecture and Planning.JPG|thumb|Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda ee Kwame Nkrumah]]

== Caafimaadka ==
{{further|Liiska isbitaallada ee Gobolka Ashanti}}
[[File:Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.jpg|thumb|Isbitaalka Waxbarashada ee Komfo Anokye]]

Caafimaadka gobolka waxaa maamula Agaasinka Caafimaadka Gobolka Ashanti (RHD), kaas oo uu madax u yahay Dr. Emmanuel Tinkorang. Hay'adda hoosteeda waxaa jira 43 agaasimayaal caafimaad oo degmo oo yaryar oo ay maamulaan degmadooda.&lt;ref name=&quot;health&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ghs.gov.gh/ashanti/|title=Gobolka Ashanti|publisher=Adeegga Caafimaadka Ghana|access-date=16 August 2024|archive-date=4 Bisha Saddexaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304015722/https://ghs.gov.gh/ashanti/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|at=para 1,2}}

Waxaa jira ilaa 1,654 xarumood oo caafimaad gobolka, badidoodna waxay ka kooban yihiin xarumaha CHPS{{efn|Isbitaallada CHPS waa farsamo qaran oo gacan ka geysata bixinta adeegyada caafimaadka ee lagama maarmaanka ah ee bulshooyinka aan haysan helitaan caafimaad oo habboon.&lt;ref name=&quot;health2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.moh.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/CHPS-policy-final-working-draft-for-validation.pdf|title=Siyaasadda Qorsheynta iyo Adeegyada Caafimaadka Bulshada ee Qaranka (CHPS)|date=2014|publisher=Wasaaradda Caafimaadka|page=13|access-date=16 August 2024|quote=&quot;...CHPS waa hab qaran oo lagu bixiyo adeegyada caafimaadka bulshada ee lagama maarmaanka ah oo ay ku jirto qorsheynta iyo bixinta adeegga bulshooyinka...&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} iyo xarumaha caafimaadka.&lt;ref name=&quot;health&quot;/&gt;{{rp|at=para 3}} Kani waa liiska qaar ka mid ah isbitaallada Gobolka Ashanti:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/health/hospitals.php|title=Isbitaallada Ghana|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=16 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Isbitaalka Manhyia
* Isbitaalka SDA Kwadaso
* [[Isbitaalka Waxbarashada ee Komfo Anokye]]
* Isbitaalka Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda ee Kwame Nkrumah
* Isbitaalka Kumasi South
* Isbitaalka First Care
* Isbitaalka Dawladda ee Tafo
* Isbitaalka Dawladda ee Suntreso
* [[Isbitaalka West End, Kumasi]]

== Qaybaha maamulka ==
Gobolka Ashanti waxaa maamula dawlad hoose. Nidaamka maamulkiisa, gobolka waxa loo qaybiyaa 43 MMDAs (oo ka kooban hal magaalo, 18 degmo maamul iyo 24 gole caadi ah). Degmo, degmo maamul, ama magaalo kasta waxaa maamula maamule sare iyo xubin baarlamaan oo matalaya dawladda dhexe, oo awood ka helaya gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo ay doorteen xubnaha kale ee golaha. Kadib, MMDAs waxaa laga kordhiyay 10 ilaa 18 sanadkii 1988; 18 ilaa 21 sanadkii 2004; 21 ilaa 27 sanadkii 2008; 27 ilaa 30 sanadkii 2012; iyo 30 ilaa 43 sanadkii 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gobolka Ashanti|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/1|website=GhanaDistricts|access-date=29 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Liiska hadda ee xubnaha baarlamaanka waa sida soo socota:

{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse&quot;
!Khariidadda dhammaan degmooyinka Gobolka Ashanti
|-
|[[File:Districts of the Ashanti Region (2012).svg|center|600px]]
|}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Qaybaha maamulka ee Gobolka Ashanti
!class=&quot;sortable&quot;|Degmo
!Caasimad
!Degmo doorasho
!Xubin Baarlamaan
!Xisbi
|-
|[[Degmada Adansi Asokwa|Adansi Asokwa]]
|[[Adansi Asokwa]]
|[[Adansi-Asokwa (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Adansi-Asokwa]]
|[[Kobina Tahir Hammond]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Adansi Woqooyi|Adansi Woqooyi]]
|[[Fomena]]
|[[Fomena (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Fomena]]
|[[Andrew Asiamah Amoako]] &lt;small&gt;(guddoomiye ku xigeenka labaad)&lt;/small&gt;
|{{abbr|IND|madax-bannaan}}
|-
|[[Degmada Adansi Koonfur|Adansi Koonfur]]
|[[New Edubiase]]
|[[New Edubease (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|New Edubease]]
|[[Adams Abdul-Sakam|Adams Abdul Salam]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana).svg|size=25px}} [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Afigya Kwabre Woqooyi|Afigya Kwabre Woqooyi]]
|[[Boamang]]
|[[Afigya Kwabre Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Afigya Kwabre Woqooyi]]
|[[Collins Adomako-Mensah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Afigya-Kwabre|Afigya Kwabre Koonfur]]
|[[Kodie, Ghana|Kodie]]
|[[Afigya Kwabre Koonfur (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Afigya Kwabre Koonfur]]
|[[William Owuraku Aidoo]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Degmada Ahafo Ano Woqooyi|Ahafo Ano Woqooyi Maamulka]]
|[[Tepa, Ghana|Tepa]]
|[[Ahafo Ano Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ahafo Ano Woqooyi]]
|[[Suleman Adamu Sanid]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Ahafo Ano Koonfur Bari|Ahafo Ano Koonfur Bari]]
|[[Dwinyame / Adugyama]]
|[[Ahafo Ano Koonfur Bari (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ahafo Ano Koonfur Bari]]
|[[Francis Manu-Adabor|Francis Manu-Adoabor]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Ahafo Ano Koonfur|Ahafo Ano Koonfur Galbeed]]
|[[Mankranso]]
|[[Ahafo Ano Koonfur Galbeed (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ahafo Ano Koonfur Galbeed]]
|[[Johnson Kwaku Adu|Kwaku Adu Johnson]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Akrofuom|Akrofuom]]
|[[Akrofuom]]
|[[Akrofuom (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Akrofuom]]
|[[Alex Blankson]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Amansie Dhexe|Amansie Dhexe]]
|[[Jacobu]]
|[[Odotobri (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Odotobri]]
|[[Emmanuel Akwasi Gyamfi]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Amansie Galbeed|Amansie Galbeed]]
|[[Manso Nkwanta]]
|[[Manso Nkwanta (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Manso Nkwanta]]
|[[George Takyi|George Kwabena Obeng Takyi]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Amansie Koonfur|Amansie Koonfur]]
|[[Manso Adubia]]
|[[Manso Edubia (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Manso Edubia]]
|[[Frimpong Yaw Addo]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Asante Akim Dhexe Maamulka|Asante Akim Dhexe Maamulka]]
|[[Konongo, Ghana|Konongo]]
|[[Asante-Akim Dhexe (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asante Akim Dhexe]]
|[[Kwame Anyimadu-Antwi|Kwame Anyimadu - Antwi]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Asante Akim Woqooyi|Asante Akim Woqooyi]]
|[[Agogo, Ghana|Agogo]]
|[[Asante-Akim Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asante Akim Woqooyi]]
|[[Andy Kwame Appiah-Kubi]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Asante Akim Koonfur Maamulka|Asante Akim Koonfur Maamulka]]
|[[Juaso]]
|[[Asante-Akim Koonfur (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asante Akim Koonfur]]
|[[Kwaku Asante-Boateng]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Asokore Mampong (degmada maamulka)|Asokore Mampong]]
|[[Asokore Mampong]]
|[[Asawase (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asawase]]
|[[Muntaka Mohammed Mubarak]]&lt;ref name=&quot;leadership2017-212&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Leadership in Parliament|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?leadership|access-date=20 December 2020|website=www.parliament.gh|archive-date=31 Bisha Tobnaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043555/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?leadership|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(guddoomiyaha mucaaradka)&lt;/small&gt;
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana).svg|size=25px}} [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]}}
|-
|[[Maamulka Asokwa]]
|[[Asokwa]]
|[[Asokwa (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asokwa]]
|[[Patricia Appiagyei]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Atwima Kwanwoma|Atwima Kwanwoma]]
|[[Twedie]]
|[[Atwima-Kwanwoma (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Atwima-Kwanwoma]]
|[[Kofi Amankwa-Manu]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Atwima Mponua|Atwima Mponua]]
|[[Nyinahin]]
|[[Atwima-Mponua (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Atwima Mponua]]
|[[Isaac Kwame Asiamah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Atwima Nwabiagya Maamulka|Atwima Nwabiagya Maamulka]]
|[[Nkawie]]
|[[Atwima-Nwabiagya Koonfur (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Atwima-Nwabiagya Koonfur]]
|[[Benito Owusu Bio]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Atwima Nwabiagya Woqooyi|Atwima Nwabiagya Woqooyi]]
|[[Barekese]]
|[[Atwima-Nwabiagya Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Atwima-Nwabiagya Woqooyi]]
|[[Emmanuel Adjei Anhwere]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Bekwai Municipal Assembly|Bekwai Maamulka]]
|[[Bekwai]]
|[[Bekwai (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Bekwai]]
|[[Joseph Osei Owusu|Joseph Osei-Owusu]] &lt;small&gt; (guddoomiye ku xigeenka koowaad) &lt;/small&gt;
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Bosome Freho|Bosome Freho]]
|[[Asiwa]]
|[[Bosome-Freho (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Bosome-Freho]]
|[[Akwasi Darko Boateng]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Bosomtwe|Bosomtwe]]
|[[Kuntanse]]
|[[Bosomtwe (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Bosomtwe]]
|[[Yaw Osei Adutwum]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Ejisu-Juaben Maamulka|Ejisu Maamulka]]
|[[Ejisu]]
|[[Ejisu (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ejisu]]
|[[John Kumah|John Ampotuah Kumah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Ejura/Sekyedumase|Ejura Sekyedumase Maamulka]]
|[[Ejura]]
|[[Ejura-Sekyedumase (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ejura-Sekyedumase]]
|[[Muhammad Bawah Braimah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana).svg|size=25px}} [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Juaben Maamulka|Juaben Maamulka]]
|[[Juaben]]
|[[Juaben (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Juaben]]
|[[Ama Pomaa Boateng]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kumasi.png}} [[Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly|Kumasi Metropolitan]] (KMA)
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Kumasi]]
|[[Bantama (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Bantama]]
|[[Francis Asenso-Boakye|Francis Asenso -Boakye]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Manhyia Woqooyi]]
|[[Akwasi Konadu]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Manhyia Koonfur]]
|[[Matthew Opoku Prempeh]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Nhyiaeso (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Nhyiaeso]]
|[[Stephen Amoah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Subin (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Subin]]
|[[Eugene Boakye Antwi]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Kwabre Bari|Kwabre Bari Maamulka]]
|[[Mamponteng]]
|[[Kwabre Bari (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Kwabre Bari]]
|[[Francisca Oteng-Mensah|Francisca Oteng Mensah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Kwadaso Maamulka|Kwadaso Maamulka]]
|[[Kwadaso]]
|[[Kwadaso (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Kwadaso]]
|[[Kingsley Nyarko]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Mampong Maamulka|Mampong Maamulka]]
|[[Mampong]]
|[[Mampong (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Mampong]]
|[[Kwaku Ampratwum-Sarpong]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Obuasi Bari|Obuasi Bari Maamulka]]
|[[Tutuka]]
|[[Obuasi Bari (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Obuasi Bari]]
|[[Patrick Boakye-Yiadom]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Obuasi Maamulka|Obuasi Maamulka]]
|[[Obuasi]]
|[[Obuasi Koonfur-galbeed (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Obuasi Koonfur-galbeed]]
|[[Kwaku Kwarteng|Kwaku Agyemang Kwarteng]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Offinso Maamulka|Offinso Maamulka]]
|[[Offinso]]
|[[Offinso Koonfur (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Offinso Koonfur]]
|[[Augustine Collins Ntim]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Offinso Woqooyi|Offinso Woqooyi]]
|[[Akomadan]]
|[[Offinso Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Offinso Woqooyi]]
|[[Isaac Yaw Opoku]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Oforikrom (degmada maamulka)|Oforikrom Maamulka]]
|[[Oforikrom]]
|[[Oforikrom (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Oforikrom]]
|[[Emmanuel Marfo]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Old Tafo (degmada maamulka)|Old Tafo Maamulka]]
|[[Old Tafo]]
|[[Old Tafo (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Old Tafo]]
|[[Vincent Ekow Assafuah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Sekyere Afram Plains|Sekyere Afram Plains]]
|[[Drobonso]]
|[[Sekyere Afram Plains (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Sekyere Afram Plains]]
|[[Alex Adomako-Mensah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana).svg|size=25px}} [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Sekyere Dhexe|Sekyere Dhexe]]
|[[Nsuta]]
|[[Nsuta-Kwamang-Beposo (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Nsuta-Kwamang-Beposo]]
|[[Adelaide Ntim]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Sekyere Bari|Sekyere Bari]]
|[[Effiduase]]
|[[Afigya Sekyere Bari (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Afigya Sekyere Bari]]
|[[Mavis Nkansah Boadu]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Sekyere Kumawu|Sekyere Kumawu]]
|[[Kumawu]]
|[[Kumawu (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Kumawu]]
|[[Philip Basoah]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Degmada Sekyere Koonfur|Sekyere Koonfur]]
|[[Agona]]
|[[Effiduase-Asokore (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Effiduase-Asokore]]
|[[Nana Ayew Afriye|Nana Ayew Afriyie]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|-
|[[Suame (degmada maamulka)|Suame Maamulka]]
|[[Suame, Ghana|Suame]]
|[[Suame (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Suame]]
|[[Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu]] &lt;small&gt;([[hogaamiyaha aqlabiyadda]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;leadership2017-212&quot;/&gt;
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}}
|}

== Qoraalo ==
{{notelist}}

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Ashanti|volume=2|last=Cana|first=Frank Richardson|pages=724&amp;ndash;729}}</text>
      <sha1>omj2t6cyp5sl28kaqhbn747xggg14uy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gobolka Bono</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>28368</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="12507" sha1="q9rw5gkq6di5m4c520kk4kne3a8umc1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gobolka Bono
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = 
| settlement_type    = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline      = Bui Bayou.jpg
| image_caption      = Bui Bayou oo u dhow xadka [[Gobolka Savannah]]
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = 
| seal_alt           = 
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| image_map          = Location of Bono in Ghana.png
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Goobta Bono ee Ghana
| pushpin_map        = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|7|39|N|2|30|W|display=title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| established_date   = 27 Diseembar 2018
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Sunyani]]
| map_caption1       = 
| population_footnotes = Tirakoob &lt;ref&gt;Adeegga Tirakoobka Ghana&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of   = 2021
| parts_type         = Degmooyin
| parts              = 12
| mapsize            = 150px
| demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]]
| leader_title       = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name        = [[Joseph Addae Akwaboah]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/president-akufo-addo-swears-in-ministers-of-bono-and-oti-region/2019/ |title=President Akufo-Addo swears in Ministers of Bono and Oti region &amp;#124; GBC Ghana Online |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-date=31 Bisha Koobaad 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131173354/https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/president-akufo-addo-swears-in-ministers-of-bono-and-oti-region/2019/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| timezone1          = [[GMT]]
| area_total_km2     = 11,113
| official_name      = 
| population_total   = 1,208,649
}}
'''Gobolka Bono''' waa mid ka mid ah 16-ka [[gobolada Ghana]] ee maamul. Wuxuu ka dhashay intii hadhay ee [[Gobolka Brong-Ahafo]] markii la abuuray [[Gobolka Bono East]] iyo [[Gobolka Ahafo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Brong Ahafo to be known as Bono Region |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2019/February-15th/brong-ahafo-to-be-known-as-bono-region.php |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=MyJoyonline |archive-date=4 Bisha Sagaalaad 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904041412/https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2019/February-15th/brong-ahafo-to-be-known-as-bono-region.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sunyani]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan magaalada cagaaran ee Ghana, waa caasimadda gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=Sunyani: 14-year-old final year JHS student found dead in suspected suicide|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/sunyani-14-year-old-final-year-jhs-student-found-dead-in-suspected-suicide/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Boakye|first=Edna Agnes|date=2021-05-19|title=Let's wait for police investigation into death of 14-year-old final year student – School|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/lets-wait-for-police-investigation-into-death-of-14-year-old-final-year-student-school/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sunyani waxay ku faani kartaa inay tahay caasimadda ugu nadiifsan iyo meel weyn oo lagu qabto shirarka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-08-28 |title=Sunyani remains the cleanest city in Ghana despite the challenges – Environmental Health Officer - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sunyani-remains-the-cleanest-city-in-ghana-despite-the-challenges-environmental-health-officer/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abuuritaanka gobolka ==
Gobolka waxaa la abuuray ka dib markii gobolka Ahafo iyo gobolka Bono East mid kasta laga gooyay gobolkii hore ee Brong-Ahafo. Tani waxay ahayd fulinta ballanqaad uu sameeyay musharax [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo Addo]] intii lagu jiray ololihiisii 2016. Hirgelinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobolkan waxaa loo xilsaaray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolka iyo Horumarinta]] ee dhawaan la abuuray oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Daniel Kweku Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]]. Gobolka Brong Ahafo wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u joojiyay inuu jiro, sidaas oo kale Golaha Isku-duwidda Gobolka Brong Ahafo (BARCC).

Sidaas awgeed, iyadoo la raacayo ruuxda Qodobka 255 ee dastuurka 1992 iyo Qodobka 186 ee Sharciga Maamulka Deegaanka, 2016 (Sharciga 936 sida wax looga beddelay), Golaha Isku-duwidda Gobolka Bono (BRCC) waa xubin cusub oo sidaas darteed beddelaya BARCC. Sababtan awgeed, waxay noqotay lagama maarmaan in la daahfuro BRCC si ay awood ugu yeelato inay guto shaqadeeda si waafaqsan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201907290566.html|title=Ghana: Bono Regional Coordinating Council Inaugurated in Sunyani|last=Ayibani|first=Imoro Tebra|date=29 July 2019|website=allAfrica.com|access-date=31 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybaha maamulka ==
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoose, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 12 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 0 Magaalo, 5 Degmo Maamul iyo 7 Goleyaal Caadi ah).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database|title=The Database – GhanaPlaceNames|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021022510/https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta, Maamul Degmo ama Magaalo, waxaa maamula Maamule Sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha dhexdooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:

[[File:Bono-Region.png|thumb|Khariidadda Degmooyinka Gobolka Bono]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Bono&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/ghana.aspx Gobolka Brong-Ahafo]. Geohive.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! #
! Magaca MMDA
! Caasimad
! Nooca MMDA
!Xubin Baarlamaan
!Xisbi
|- 
! 1
| [[Degmada Banda, Ghana|Banda]]
| [[Banda Ahenkro]]
| Caadi
|[[Ahmed Ibrahim (Ghanaian politician)|Ahmed Ibrahim]]
|NDC
|-
! 2
| [[Degmada Berekum East Municipal|Berekum East]]
| [[Berekum]]
| Maamul
|[[Nelson Kyeremeh]]
|NPP
|-
! 3
| [[Degmada Berekum West|Berekum West]]
| [[Jinijini]]
| Caadi
|[[Kwaku Agyenim Boateng|Kwaku Agyenim-Boateng]]
|NPP
|-
! 4
| [[Degmada Dormaa Central Municipal|Dormaa Central]]
| [[Dormaa Ahenkro|Dormaa-Ahenkro]]
| Maamul
|[[Kwaku Agyemang-Manu|Kwaku Agyeman-Manu]]
|NPP
|-
! 5
| [[Degmada Dormaa East|Dormaa East]]
| [[Wamfie]]
| Caadi
|[[Paul Apreku Twum Barimah]]
|NPP
|-
! 6
| [[Degmada Dormaa West|Dormaa West]]
| [[Nkrankwanta]]
| Caadi
|[[Vincent Oppong Asamoah]]
|NDC
|-
! 7
| [[Degmada Jaman North|Jaman North]]
| [[Sampa, Ghana|Sampa]]
| Caadi
|[[Frederick Yaw Ahenkwah]]
|NDC
|-
! 8
| [[Degmada Jaman South Municipal|Jaman South]]
| [[Japekrom, Ghana|New Drobo]]
| Maamul
|[[Williams Okofo-Dateh]]
|NDC
|-
! 9
| [[Degmada Sunyani Municipal|Sunyani]]
| '''[[Sunyani]]'''
| Maamul
|[[Kwasi Ameyaw-Cheremeh|Kwasi Ameyaw Cheremeh]]
|NPP
|-
! 10
| [[Degmada Sunyani West|Sunyani West]]
| [[Odumase, Ghana|Odumase]]
| Caadi
|[[Ignatius Baffour-Awuah|Ignatius Baffour Awuah]]
|NPP
|-
! 11
| [[Degmada Tain|Tain]]
| [[Nsawkaw]]
| Caadi
|[[Adama Sulemana]]
|NDC
|-
! 12
| [[Degmada Wenchi Municipal|Wenchi]]
| [[Wenchi]]
| Maamul
|[[Haruna Seidu]]
|NDC
|-
|}

== Dhirta iyo cimilada ==
[[Dusha sare]] ee aaggan waxaa inta badan lagu gartaa kor u kac hoose oo aan ka badnayn 152 mitir heerka badda. Waxay leedahay kayn qoyan oo kala badh ah oo caleen-bax ah, ciidduna aad bay u bacrin tahay. Gobolku wuxuu soo saaraa [[Dalag lacageed]] sida cashew, alwaax, iwm, iyo [[Dalag|dalagyo cunto]] sida galley, kasaafada, mooska, cocoyam, yaanyada, iyo qaar kale oo badan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghana.travel/places-to-visit/regions/brong-ahafo/|title=Brong Ahafo|last=WhiteOrange|website=Ghana Tourism Authority|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-date=6 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206010630/https://www.ghana.travel/places-to-visit/regions/brong-ahafo/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Goobta iyo bedka ==
Gobolka Bono wuxuu xuduud la wadaagaa woqooyi [[Gobolka Savannah]], dhanka galbeedna waxaa xuduud la leh [[Xadka Caalamiga ah|xadka caalamiga ah ee Ghana-Côte d'Ivoire]], dhanka barina [[Gobolka Bono East|Bono East]], dhanka koonfurna [[Gobolka Ahafo]].

Wuxuu leeyahay dad tiradoodu gaarayso 1,208,649 sida uu sheegay adeegga tirakoobka Ghana ee tirakoobka 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana Statistical Services. |url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTMxOTU3MTAxOC44MjU=&amp;&amp;Bono&amp;regid=2 |access-date=31 January 2020 |website=Statistics Ghana }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska iyo jardiinooyinka ==

* [[Bui National Park]], oo ah 1,821 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran oo daboolaya qayb ka mid ah webiga [[Black Volta]], waxaa ku yaal noocyo dhowr ah oo [[antelope]] ah iyo noocyo kala duwan oo shimbiro ah. Waxaa kaloo loo yaqaannaa dadka hippopotamus-ka. Dalxiisuhu wuxuu ku safri karaa doon webiga Black Volta iyada oo loo marayo Beerta Qaranka.
* [[Bui Dam]], oo ku taal salka buuraha Banda, waxaa loo dhisay in lagu hagaajiyo shuruudaha tamarta [[Ghana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Duasidan Monkey Sanctuary, oo ku taal 10 km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Dormaa Ahenkro]], waxay martigelisaa nooc dhif ah oo ka mid ah Mona Monkeys. Dalxiisaha waxaa soo dhaweynaya joogitaanka daanyeeradan markaad gasho hoygooda kaynta u eg. Geedaha bamboo waxay sameeyaan saqaf dhexda kaynta, taas oo u adeegta sidii meel nasasho oo loogu talagalay dadka soo booqda. Daanyeerada waxaa lagu arki karaa iyagoo kor iyo hoos ugu socda laamaha geedaha oo diiraya mooska looga tagay. Soo booqduhu wuxuu helayaa fursad uu ku arko sida daanyeeradu u qaadaan ilmahooda marka ay socdaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Waxbarashada ==
Gobolku wuxuu ku faanaa inuu yeesho hay'ado dadweyne sida: 
* [[Jaamacadda Tamarta iyo Khayraadka Dabiiciga ah]], 
* [[Jaamacadda Farsamada ee Sunyani]], 
* [[Dormaa Senior High School]], 
* [[Sunyani Senior High school]], 
* [[St. Vitus]], 
* [[Notre Dame Girls Senior High School]], 
* [[Sacred Heart Senior High School]], 
* [[Twene Amanfo Senior High Technical School]], 
* [[Odumanseman Senior High School]], 
* [[Bonoman Senior High School]], 
* [[Abesim Senior High School]]
* [[Jaamacadda Katooliga]] ee [[Fiapre]], 
* [[Ideal College]], 
* [[Saint James Senior High Seminary]] ee [[Abesim]], 
* [[Miracle Preparatory Junior &amp; High School]], 
* [[Sunyani Business High School]] iwm.

== Diimaha ==
*[[Cibaadada Awowayaasha ee Bono|Cibaadada awowayaasha Bono iyo ruuxnimada]] iyo [[Masiixiyadda]] waa diinta ugu badan ee ku dhex taal domainkan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;WARBIXINTA GUDDIGA BAARISTA EE KU SAABSAN ABUURISTA GOBOLO CUSUB&quot; oo loo soo bandhigay Mudane Madaxweynaha [[Ghana|Jamhuuriyadda Ghana]], [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo]] maalintii Talaadada, 26-kii Juun 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nolosha dhaqanka iyo bulshada ==
Waxaa jira dhowr dhaqan iyo dabbaaldegyo dhaqameed oo ka jira gobolkan. Qaar ka mid ah waa:

* [[Dabbaaldegga Kwafie|Kwafie]] waxaa u dabbaaldega dadka [[Dormaa Ahenkro|Dormaa]], [[Berekum]] iyo [[Nsoatre]] bisha Noofambar, Diseembar ama Janaayo.
* [[Dabbaaldegga Munufie|Munufie]] ee Drobo. Waxaa loo dabaaldegaa si loo nadiifiyo loona quudiyo saxarada iyo ilaahyada siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay dab weyn oo ku yaal barxadda qasriga. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in dadka [[Dormaa Ahenkro]] ([[Aduana]]) ay dab u keeneen Ghana, sidaas darteed halyeeygan waxaa si calaamad ah loogu celiyay. 
* [[Dabbaaldegga Akwantukese|Akwantukese]] waxaa u dabbaaldega dadka [[Suma-Ahenkro|Suma]] bisha Maarso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Dabbaaldegga Akyiriwia waxaa u dabbaaldega dadka Atomfourso ee u dhow [[Seikwa]] ee [[Degmada Tain]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=Ban on noise making and funerals to mark start of Akyiriwia Festival in Bono Region |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ban-on-noise-making-and-funerals-to-mark-start-of-Akyiriwia-Festival-in-Bono-Region-1921837 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Gobolka Bono East</title>
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      <text bytes="16415" sha1="t1a9fgao7rrotkhn82tzwciof9qerod" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gobolka Bono East
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = 
| settlement_type    = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline      = Tanoboase rock valley.jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = Tanoboase Rock Valley iyo kaynta barakaysan
| image_flag         = 
| flag_alt           = 
| image_seal         = 
| seal_alt           = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_alt         = 
| etymology          = 
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| image_map          = Bono East in Ghana 2018.svg
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Gobolka Bono East ee Ghana
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|7|45|N|1|03|W|display=inline, title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| established_date   = 27 Diseembar 2018
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Techiman]]
| leader_name        = [[Francis Owusu Antwi]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-be-part-of-bono-east-development-agenda.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Be part of Bono East development agenda|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| area_total_km2     = 22,248
| timezone1          = [[GMT]]
| leader_title       = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| parts_style        = para
| population_total   = 1,203,400
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;Adeegga Tirakoobka Ghana&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of   = 2021 tirakoob
| p1                 = 11
| parts_type         = Degmooyin
| official_name      = 
| demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]]
}}

'''Gobolka Bono East''' ee [[Ghana]] waa gobol cusub oo laga gooyay [[Gobolka Brong-Ahafo]]. Caasimadda gobolka cusub waa [[Techiman]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=13 February 2019 |title=Confirmed: Techiman Is The Capital Of The Bono East Region |work=GhanaXtra |url=http://ghanaxtra.com/2019/02/confirmed-techiman-is-the-capital-of-bono-east-region.html |access-date=13 February 2019 |archive-date=28 Bisha Sagaalaad 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928192017/https://ghanaxtra.com/2019/02/confirmed-techiman-is-the-capital-of-bono-east-region.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Abuuritaanka gobolkan cusub wuxuu ahaa fulinta ballanqaad ay sameeyay [[New Patriotic Party]] ka hor doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2016. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii, Madaxweynaha, [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo Addo]] wuxuu abuuray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolka]] si ay u kormeerto dejinta siyaasadda iyo hirgelinta. Guud ahaan lix gobol oo cusub ayaa laga abuuray tobankii gobol ee hore ee Ghana. Gobolada kale waa [[Gobolka Ahafo]], [[Gobolka Western North]], [[Gobolka Savannah]], [[Gobolka North East]], iyo gobolada [[Gobolka Oti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Creation Of 6 New Regions in the Hands Of EC &amp; Ghanaians&quot; – President Akufo-Addo |url=http://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/703-creation-of-6-new-regions-in-the-hands-of-ec-ghanaians-president-akufo-addo |access-date=21 December 2018 |website=Presidency Of Ghana |archive-date=4 Bisha Todobaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704050301/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/703-creation-of-6-new-regions-in-the-hands-of-ec-ghanaians-president-akufo-addo |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fulinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobolada waxaa loo xilsaaray Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolka iyo Horumarinta&lt;ref name=&quot;yyuiu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Ministerial list out: Akufo-Addo creates new ministries, re-aligns old |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |access-date=22 June 2017 |publisher=MyJoyonline |archive-date=31 Bisha Todobaad 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731040155/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Dan Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]]. Wasaaradda [[Xukuumadda Ghana]] ayaa loo xilsaaray mas'uuliyadda kormeerida abuurista gobolada cusub ee Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;yyuiu&quot; /&gt; Bishii Maarso 2017, wasaaraddu waxay u dirtay qorshaha abuurista gobolka iyo kuwo kale [[Golaha Gobolka (Ghana)|Golaha Gobolka]]. Goluhu wuxuu kulmay in ka badan 36 jeer laga soo bilaabo wakhtigii la soo gudbiyay ilaa Ogosto 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 August 2017 |title=Council of State met 36 times on new Regions – Nana Otuo Siriboe II |work=GhanaCrusader – Latest News in Ghana and Beyond |url=https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |access-date=12 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marxaladdii ugu dambaysay ee abuurista gobolka waxaa lagu go'aamiyay [[afti]] ay qaadeen dadka ku nool gudaha gobolka cusub 27 Diseembar 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Creation Of New Region in Your Hands&quot; – President Akufo-Addo To Nayiri – The Presidency, Republic of Ghana |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |access-date=12 December 2017 |website=Presidency Of Ghana |archive-date=11 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211071727/http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
[[Afti]] la qabtay 27 Diseembar 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: Massive YES votes for 6 new regions {{!}} General News 28 December 2018 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Referendum-Massive-YES-votes-for-6-new-regions-711692 |access-date=2 January 2019 |website=GhanaWeb.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ayaa keentay in 450,812 ay dhiibtaan codadkooda oo matalaya 85.82 boqolkiiba 525,275 codbixiyayaasha diiwaangashan. 448,545 (99.50 boqolkiiba); waxay u codeeyeen abuurista gobolka cusub iyadoo 1,384 (0.31 boqolkiiba) ay diideen. Wadarta 883 (0.20 boqolkiiba) codad ayaa la diiday.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/12/29/all-six-proposed-regions-meet-constitutional-threshold-requirements-ec/|title=All six proposed regions meet constitutional threshold requirements – EC|date=29 December 2018|newspaper=Ghana Business News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|last=Zurek|first=Kweku|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: 6 new regions get massive 'YES' votes |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/referendum-6-new-regions-get-massive-yes-votes/6l8qds7 |access-date=2 January 2019 |website=Pulse Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafiga iyo cimilada ==

=== Goobta iyo bedka ===
Gobolka Bono East wuxuu xuduud la wadaagaa dhanka woqooyi [[Gobolka Savannah]], galbeedka [[Gobolka Bono]], koonfurta [[Gobolka Ashanti]] iyo bariga [[Harada Volta]].

=== Cimilada ===

Gobolka Bono East wuxuu ka mid yahay suunka dhirta ee Ghana, halkaas oo xaaladda cimiladu ay had iyo jeer ku habboon tahay. Dhirtu waxay ka kooban tahay inta badan kayn iyo carro bacrin ah. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga qallalan]]. Mararka qaarkood [[xilliga roobka]] wuxuu u dhexeeyaa Luulyo iyo Noofambar iyadoo celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah uu yahay 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inji). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya waxaa la gaaraa dhamaadka xilliga qallalan, kan ugu hooseeya Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaada [[Saxaraha]] ayaa si joogto ah u dhacda inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo taas oo ah mid qalalan oo kulul. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 14 °C (59 °F) habeenkii iyo 40 °C (104 °F) maalintii.

== Dhirta iyo beeraha ==
Soosaarka yam-ku wuxuu aad ugu sarreeyaa aagga Savannah ee kaynta ah ee [[Techiman]], [[Yeji, Ghana|Yeji]], [[Nkoranza]], [[Kintampo, Ghana|Kintampo]], [[Kwame Danso]], [[Prang, Ghana|Prang]] iyo kuwa kale. Digirta, galleyda, kasaafada, cocoyam, bariiska, mooska iyo in ka badan ayaa laga soo saaraa gobolkan, sidoo kale waxaa jira hawlo kalluumeysi oo ka socda dhinaca gobolka ee Harada Volta.

== Dalxiiska iyo jardiinooyinka ==
Goobo badan oo dalxiis ayaa laga heli karaa aaggan

* [[Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary|Boabeng Fiema Monkey Sanctuary]]
* Buoyem Caves iyo gumeysiga fiidmeerta, kaas oo ku yaal deegaanka [[Buoyem]] ee degmada Techiman ee kayn qallalan oo qallalan, wuxuu hoy u yahay gumeysi ballaaran oo fiidmeerta midhaha rosetta, godadka, dhagaxyada sandstone iyo biyo-dhacyada.
* [[Biyo-dhaca Kintampo]]
* Kintampo fuller falls
&lt;blockquote&gt;Ganacsiga addoonta ee gobolka Bono East. Waxay ku taal Bono Manso oo ku taal waddada Techiman–Kintampo, Bono Manso waxay ahayd meeshii addoomada laga keenay woqooyiga lagu kala soocay. Kuwii ugu xoogga badnaa ee la qafaashay ayaa la doortay oo loo diray xeebta iyadoo kuwii daciifka ahaa looga tagay magaalada. Ilaa maanta, Afrikaanka Ameerikaanka iyo dadka kale ee Afrikaanka ah ee ku nool qurba-joogta ayaa booqda aagga si ay u bartaan asalkooda iyo taariikhdooda.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
* Kristo Boase Monastery waa hoyga bulsho yar oo ka kooban kow iyo toban wadaaddo Benedictine ah. Kaniisaddu waxay ku taal meel aad u qurux badan oo xiiso taariikhi ah taas oo sanad walba soo dhawaysa dadka soo booqda adduunka oo dhan.
* [[Webiga Tano]] Kalluunka barakaysan wuxuu ku yaal Tanoso oo u dhow Techiman, wuxuu hoy u yahay barkad kalluun barakaysan oo ay si qoto dheer u ilaaliyaan bulshada. Dadka soo booqda waxay had iyo jeer arkaan kalluunka barakaysan, ee la sheego inay leeyihiin taaj dahab ah.
* Nchiraa waterfalls, waxay u soo bandhigtaa dalxiisayaasha tacabur socod ah oo ku yaal waddo dhagax ah oo caqabad ku ah oo u horseedaysa biyo-dhaca. Jiritaanka goobo kale oo dalxiis oo dabiici ah iyo dhaqan oo ku yaal 10 km gacan-qabasho ayaa ka dhigaya xirmada safarka mid xiiso leh. Waxaa ka mid ah Wurobo Ancestral Cave oo ku taal qiyaastii 8 km u jirta degsiimada Nchiraa. Godka ayaa la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay meeshii asalka ahayd ee dadka Nchiraa
* Forikrom Boten Caves iyo meelaha quduuska ah, waxay ku yaalliin qiyaastii siddeed kiiloomitir u jirta waddada [[Techiman]]–[[Nkoranza]], waa nooc gaar ah oo dhagaxyo waaweyn ah oo sameeya meel u eg meel quduus ah iyo godad. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in godka sixirka ee loo yaqaan godka ugu weyn uu ahaa magangalyo u ah haweenka iyo carruurta wakhtiyada dagaalka ee Bono.
* [[Tanoboase Sacred Grove and Shrine]] waxay ku taal [[Degmada Degmada Techiman|degmada Techiman]]. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in kayntani ay tahay halkii ay ka bilaabatay ilbaxnimada Bono. Kayntu waxay u adeegtay sidii meel ay ku dhuuntaan [[dadka Bono]] intii lagu jiray ganacsiga addoonta iyo dagaalladii qabaa'ilka u dhexeeyay sannado badan ka hor. Waxa kale oo ay u adeegtaa meel lagu madadaalo iyo hawlo diini ah.
* [[Beerta Qaranka ee Digya]]
* Fuller falls, waxay si tartiib ah uga soo dhacaysaa bari iyada oo loo marayo taxane taxane ah oo ku teedsan webiga Oyoko ee Yabraso oo ku taal qiyaastii 7 km galbeedka magaalada [[Kintampo, Ghana|Kintampo]]. Waxay ku qulqulaysaa Black volta ee Dwire Kumbo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-29|title=Digya National Park: unpopular but oldest wildlife park in Ghana|url=https://ghanatalksbusiness.com/2019/06/digya-national-park-this-is-ghanas-oldest-wildlife-park/|access-date=2020-08-25|website=Ghana Talks Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dadka iyo nolosha dhaqanka ==
Gobolka Bono East wuxuu leeyahay dad aad u yar, dadka deggan badidooduna waxay ku hadlaan [[Lahjadda Bono]]. [[Cibaadada awowayaasha Bono|Cibaadada awowayaasha Bono iyo ruuxnimada]] iyo Masiixiyadda ayaa sameeya diimaha ugu badan ee gobolka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghana.travel/places-to-visit/regions/brong-ahafo/|title=Brong Ahafo|last=WhiteOrange|website=Ghana Tourism Authority|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-date=6 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206010630/https://www.ghana.travel/places-to-visit/regions/brong-ahafo/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;WARBIXINTA GUDDIGA BAARISTA EE KU SAABSAN ABUURISTA GOBOLO CUSUB&quot; oo loo soo bandhigay Mudane Madaxweynaha [[Ghana|Jamhuuriyadda Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo]] maalintii Talaadada, 26-kii Juun 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dabbaaldegyada ===

* [[Dabbaaldegga Apoo]]
* Dabbaaldegga Kurubi, dabbaaldeggaan waxaa u dabbaaldega dadka [[Kintampo, Ghana|Kintampo]] bisha Noofambar iyo inta badan si ay u midoobaan dhammaan farcanka [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]] ee Ghana. Gabdhaha bikrada ah ayaa sida caadiga ah ku dheela stilts qayb xiiso leh oo ka mid ah dabbaaldegga.
* [[Dabbaaldegga Nkyifie|Nkyifie]], dadka Prang waxay u dabbaaldegaan bisha Sebtembar iyo Oktoobar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2017 |title=Hidden but alluring: Fuller Falls at Kintampo |url=https://jetsanza.com/hidden-alluring-fuller-falls-kintampo/ |access-date=18 April 2020 |website=Jetsanza.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Dabbaaldegga Fokuo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |title=Fokuo Festival |work=GhanaWeb |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/A-look-at-Ghana-s-biggest-festival-that-has-been-in-existence-for-over-500-years-1249000}}&lt;/ref&gt; dabbaaldegga caanka ah ee ay u dabbaaldegaan dadka [[Nkoranza]](Sessiman). Dabbaaldeggaan wuxuu sharaf u yahay ilaaha loo yaqaan &quot;Ntoa&quot; oo inta badan loo yaqaan &quot;Seesiman Ntoa&quot;, kaas oo door muhiim ah ka qaatay hoggaaminta dagaalladii taariikhiga ahaa ee dadka [[Nkoranza]] taas oo ka dhigaysa qayb lagama maarmaan u ah hidahooda iyo dhaqankooda.

== Qaybaha maamulka ==
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoose, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 11 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 0 Magaalo, 4 Degmo Maamul iyo 7 Goleyaal Caadi ah).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=13 February 2019 |title=The 11 Districts of the Bono East Region |url=https://banewsgh.com/11-districts-bono-east-region/56569 |access-date=13 February 2019 |publisher=BaNews Ghana |archive-date=18 Bisha Afraad 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418012419/https://banewsgh.com/11-districts-bono-east-region/56569 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta, Maamul Degmo ama Magaalo, waxaa maamula Maamule Sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha dhexdooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:

[[File:Districts of the Bono East Region (2019).png|thumb|Khariidadda Degmooyinka Gobolka Bono East]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Bono East&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/ghana.aspx Gobolka Brong-Ahafo]. Geohive&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! #
! Magaca MMDA
! Caasimad
! Nooca MMDA
!Xubin Baarlamaan
!Xisbi
|-
! 1
| [[Degmada Atebubu-Amantin Municipal|Atebubu-Amanten]]
| [[Atebubu]]
| Maamul
|[[Sanja Nanja]]
|NDC
|-
! 2
| [[Degmada Kintampo North Municipal|Kintampo North]]
| [[Kintampo, Ghana|Kintampo]]
| Maamul
|[[Joseph Kwame Kuma]]
|NDC
|-
! 3
| [[Degmada Kintampo South|Kintampo South]]
| [[Jema]] || Caadi
|[[Alexander Gyan]]
|NPP
|-
! 4
| [[Degmada Nkoranza North|Nkoranza North]]
| [[Busunya]]
| Caadi
|[[Joseph Kwasi Mensah]]
|NDC
|-
! 5
| [[Degmada Nkoranza South Municipal|Nkoranza South]]
| [[Nkoranza]]
| Maamul
|[[Emmanuel Kwadwo Agyekum]]
|NDC
|-
! 6
| [[Degmada Pru East|Pru East]]
| [[Yeji, Ghana|Yeji]]
| Caadi
|[[Kwabena Donkor]]
|NDC
|-
! 7
| [[Degmada Pru West|Pru West]]
| [[Prang, Ghana|Prang]]
| Caadi
|[[Stephen Jawulah]]
|NPP
|-
! 8
| [[Degmada Sene East|Sene East]]
| [[Kajaji Settlement Town|Kajaji]]
| Caadi
|[[Dominic Napare]]
|NDC
|-
! 9
| [[Degmada Sene West|Sene West]]
| [[Kwame Danso]]
| Caadi
|[[Kwame Twumasi Ampofo]]
|NDC
|-
! 10
| [[Degmada Techiman Municipal|Techiman]]
| '''[[Techiman]]'''
| Maamul
|[[Martin Kwaku Adjei-Mensah Korsah]]
|NPP
|-
! 11
| [[Degmada Techiman North|Techiman North]]
| [[Tuobodom]]
| Caadi
|[[Elizabeth Ofosu-Agyare|Elizabeth Ofosu-Adjare]]
|NDC
|-
|}

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Gobolka Dhexe (Gaana)</title>
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      <text bytes="9797" sha1="gq26bcytw68qjc3jmsowq4ibzx9wynp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Gobolka Dhexe
| type                   = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline          = Beach Resort and Seaside Resort setting in Central region, Ghana.jpg
| image_map              = Ghana - Central.svg
| mapsize                = 150px
| map_caption            = Goobta Gobolka Dhexe ee Ghana
| image_map1             = 
| map_caption1           = 
| image_flag             = 
| flag_size              =  
| flag_link              =
| subdivision_type      = Waddan
| subdivision_name      = [[Ghana]]
| leader_title           = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name            = [[Ekow Panyin Okyere Eduamoah]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers – Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704052607/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| seat_type              = Caasimad
| seat                   = [[Cape Coast]]
| area_total_km2         = 9826
| area_footnotes         =
| area_rank              = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 8-aad]]
| population_total       = 2,859,821
| population_as_of       = 2021 tirakoob
| population_footnotes   =
| population_rank        = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 4-aad]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1      = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1    = Sannad
| demographics1_info1     = 2013
| demographics1_title2    = Qofkiiba
| demographics1_info2     = $5,150
| demographics_type2      = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1    = Sannad
| demographics2_info1     = 2013
| demographics2_title2    = Qofkiiba
| demographics2_info2     = $3,500
| blank_name_sec2                 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}}
| blank_info_sec2                 = 0.633&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{color|#fc0|medium}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|5-aad]]
| parts_type             = Degmooyin
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = 17
| iso_code               = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-CP]]
| timezone               = [[GMT]]
| area_code              = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|033]]
}}

'''Gobolka Dhexe''' waa mid ka mid ah [[Gobolada Ghana|16 gobol oo maamul]] oo ka tirsan [[Ghana]]. Gobolada [[Gobolka Ashanti|Ashanti]] iyo Bariga ayaa ka xiga dhanka woqooyi, gobolka Galbeedka dhanka galbeed, gobolka [[Gobolka Greater Accra|Greater Accra]] dhanka bariga, iyo Gacanka Guinea dhanka koonfureed. Gobolka Dhexe wuxuu leeyahay dhaqaale ku salaysan [[macdanta warshadaha]] iyo [[dalxiiska]]. Gobolka Dhexe wuxuu leeyahay goobo dalxiis oo ay ku jiraan [[hidaha dhaqanka ee Ghana|qalcado, daarado]] iyo xeebo ku teedsan xeebaha gobolka.

== Dhaqaalaha iyo dalxiiska ==
Gobolka Dhexe waa xarun waxbarasho. Dhaqaalihiisa waxaa u badan [[Adeeg (dhaqaale)|adeegyo]], waxaana ku xiga [[macdanta]] iyo [[kalluumaysiga]]. [[Cape Coast Castle]] iyo [[Elmina Castle]] waa [[Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO]] oo caan ah, waxayna xasuusin u yihiin [[Taariikhda addoonsiga|ganacsiga addoonta]] ee Trans-Atlantic. Gobolka Dhexe waa xarun [[dalxiis]] oo ka tirsan Ghana, iyadoo ay jiraan [[Beerta Qaranka ee Kakum]] iyo horumarinta [[xeebaha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Story Map Series|url=https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=3386911906db44db8ce72c5d925caec8|access-date=2021-07-20|website=www.arcgis.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sirakaya |first=Ercan |last2=Teye |first2=Victor |last3=Sönmez |first3=Sevil |date=2002-08-01 |title=Understanding Residents’ Support for Tourism Development in the Central Region of Ghana |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750204100109 |journal=Journal of Travel Research |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=57–67 |doi=10.1177/004728750204100109}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{wide image|Elmina castle, Ghana 2014-05-07 08-34.jpg|1200px|[[Panorama]] ee [[Elmina Castle]] oo ay dhisteen [[Bortaqiis]] sanadkii 1482 sida São Jorge da Mina (Qalcadda ''St. George of the Mine''), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan si fudud ''Mina'' ama ''[[Factory (trading post)|Feitoria]] da Mina'') oo ku taal [[Elmina]], [[Ashantiland]] (oo hore loo oran jiray [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]). Waxay ahayd xaruntii ganacsi ee ugu horreysay ee laga dhiso [[Gacanka Guinea]], sidaas darteed waa dhismihii ugu da'da weynaa ee Yurub ee jira ee ka hooseeya [[Saxaraha]]. Markii ugu horreysay oo loo aasaasay degsiimo ganacsi, qalcadda ayaa markii dambe noqotay mid ka mid ah meelaha ay maraan jidka [[Atlantic slave trade]]. [[Netherlands|Nederland]] ayaa qalcadda ka qabsatay Bortaqiiska 1637, waxayna la wareegtay dhammaan [[Portuguese Gold Coast]] 1642. Ganacsiga addoonta wuxuu sii socday dadka [[Nederland]] ilaa 1814. Dhaqan ahaan, Elmina Castle waa goob taariikhi ah, waxayna ahayd goob lagu duubo filimkii riwaayadda ahaa ee 1987 ee [[Werner Herzog]] ''[[Cobra Verde]]''. Qalcadda waxaa aqoonsaday [[UNESCO]] inay tahay [[Goob Dhaxal Adduun ah]].||none}}

== Qaybaha maamulka ==
[[Image:Districts of the Central Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Dhexe]]Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoose, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 22 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 1 Magaalo, 7 Degmo Maamul iyo 14 Goleyaal Degmo).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Central Region|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/3|website=GhanaDistricts|access-date=11 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta, Maamul Degmo ama Magaalo, waxaa maamula Maamule Sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha dhexdooda. Liisku waa sida soo socota:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Degmo
!Caasimad
!Deegaan Doorasho
!Xubin Baarlamaan
!Xisbi
|-
|[[Degmada Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese|Abura Asebu Kwamankese]]
|[[Abura-Dunkwa]]
|[[Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese (deegaan doorasho)|Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese]]
|[[Elvis Morris Donkoh]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Agona East|Agona East]]
|[[Nsaba]]
|[[Agona East (deegaan doorasho)|Agona East]]
|[[Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr|Queenstar Pokua Sawyerr]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Agona West Municipal|Agona West Municipal]]
|[[Agona Swedru]]
|[[Agona West (deegaan doorasho)|Agona West]]
|[[Ernestina Ofori Dangbey]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Ajumako/Enyan/Essiam|Ajumako Enyan Essiam]]
|[[Ajumako]]
|[[Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam (deegaan doorasho)|Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam]]
|[[Cassiel Ato Forson|Cassiel Ato Baah Forson]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Asikuma/Odoben/Brakwa|Asikuma Odoben Brakwa]]
|[[Breman Asikuma]]
|[[Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa (deegaan doorasho)|Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa]]
|[[Alhassan Kobina Ghansah]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Assin Central Municipal]]
|[[Assin Foso]]
|[[Assin Central (deegaan doorasho)|Assin Central]]
|[[Kennedy Agyapong|Kennedy Ohene Agyapong]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Assin North|Assin North]]
|[[Assin Bereku]]
|[[Assin North (deegaan doorasho)|Assin North]]
|[[James Gyakye Quayson]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Assin South|Assin South]]
|[[Nsuaem Kyekyewere]]
|[[Assin South (deegaan doorasho)|Assin South]]
|[[John Ntim Fordjour|John Ntim Fordjuor]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Awutu Senya East|Awutu Senya East Municipal]]
|[[Kasoa]]
|[[Awutu-Senya East (deegaan doorasho)|Awutu-Senya East]]
|[[Mavis Hawa Koomson]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Awutu Senya West|Awutu Senya West]]
|[[Awutu Breku]]
|[[Awutu-Senya West (deegaan doorasho)|Awutu-Senya West]]
|[[Gizella Tetteh Agbotui]]
|NDC
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Degmada Cape Coast Metropolitan|Cape Coast Metropolitan]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Cape Coast]]
|[[Cape Coast North (deegaan doorasho)|Cape Coast North]]
|[[Kwamena Minta Nyarku]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Cape Coast South (deegaan doorasho)|Cape Coast South]]
|[[Kweku George Ricketts-Hagan]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Effutu Municipal|Effutu Municipal]]
|[[Winneba]]
|[[Effutu (deegaan doorasho)|Effutu]]
|[[Alexander Afenyo-Markin]] 
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Ekumfi|Ekumfi]]
|[[Apam]]
|[[Ekumfi (deegaan doorasho)|Ekumfi]]
|[[Abeiku Crentsil|Abeiku Crenstil]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Gomoa East|Gomoa East]]
|[[Potsin]]
|[[Gomoa East (deegaan doorasho)|Gomoa East]]
|[[Desmond De-graft Paitoo]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Gomoa Central|Gomoa Central]]
|[[Afransi]]
|[[Gomoa Central (deegaan doorasho)|Gomoa Central]]
|[[Naana Eyiah Quansah]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Gomoa West|Gomoa West]]
|[[Esakyir]]
|[[Gomoa West (deegaan doorasho)|Gomoa West]]
|[[Richard Gyan Mensah]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem Municipal|Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem Municipal]]
|[[Elmina]]
|[[Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem (deegaan doorasho)|Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem]]
|[[Samuel Atta Mills]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Mfantsiman Municipal|Mfantsiman Municipal]]
|[[Saltpond]]
|[[Mfantseman]]
|[[Ophelia Hayford]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Twifo-Ati Morkwa|Twifo Atti Morkwa]]
|[[Twifo Praso]]
|[[Twifo-Atii Morkwaa (deegaan doorasho)|Twifo-Atii Morkwaa]]
|[[T.D. David Vondee]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Twifo/Heman/Lower Denkyira|Twifo/Heman/Lower Denkyira]]
|[[Hemang]]
|[[Hemang Lower Denkyira (deegaan doorasho)|Hemang Lower Denkyira]]
|[[Bright Wireko-Brobby|Bright Wireko Brobbey]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Upper Denkyira East Municipal|Upper Denkyira East Municipal]]
|[[Dunkwa-on-Offin]]
|[[Upper Denkyira East (deegaan doorasho)|Upper Denkyira East]]
|[[Festus Awuah Kwofie]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Upper Denkyira West|Upper Denkyira West]]
|[[Diaso]]
|[[Upper Denkyira West (deegaan doorasho)|Upper Denkyira West]]
|[[Daniel Ohene Darko]]
|NDC
|}

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>gq26bcytw68qjc3jmsowq4ibzx9wynp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gobolka Bari (Gaana)</title>
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      <text bytes="17578" sha1="qwoyrcu94qvn81ri73imzy9u7lxwxlp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gobolka Bariga
| type               = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline      = Umbrella Rock at Boti Falls.jpg
| image_caption      = Dalxiisayaal ku raaxaysanaya dhagaxa Umbrella Rock
| image_map          = File:Eastern in Ghana 2018.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Goobta Gobolka Bariga ee Ghana
| image_map1         = 
| map_caption1       = 
| image_flag         = 
| flag_size          = 
| flag_link          = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| leader_title       = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name        = [[Rita Akosua Adjei Away]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers - Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704052607/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Koforidua]]
| area_total_km2     = 19,323
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_rank          = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 6-aad]]
| population_total   = 2,925,653
| population_as_of   = 2021 tirakoob
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank    = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 3-aad]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Sannad
| demographics1_info1 = 2013
| demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics1_info2 = $5,150
| demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1 = Sannad
| demographics2_info1 = 2013
| demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics2_info2 = $2,500
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2022)}}
| blank_info_sec2    = 0.649&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{color|#FFA500|medium}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|2-aad]]
| parts_type         = Degmooyin
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 26
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-EP]]
| timezone           = [[GMT]]
| area_code          = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|034]]
}}
'''Gobolka Bariga''' wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta bari ee [[Ghana]] waana mid ka mid ah [[Gobolada Ghana|lix iyo tobanka gobol ee maamul ee Ghana]]. Gobolka Bariga waxaa dhanka bari ka xiga [[Harada Volta]], dhanka woqooyi waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Bono East]] iyo [[Gobolka Ashanti]], dhanka galbeed waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Ashanti]], dhanka koonfureed waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]] iyo [[Gobolka Greater Accra]]. [[Dadka Akan|Akanka]] waa dadka ugu badan ee deggan Gobolka Bariga, waxaana afafka ugu badan ee looga hadlo ka mid ah [[Af Akan|Akan]], [[Af Ewe|Ewe]], [[Dadka Krobo|Krobo]], [[Af Hausa|Hausa]] iyo [[Af Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]. Magaalada caasimadda ah ee Gobolka Bariga waa [[Koforidua]]. Gobolka Bariga waa halka uu ku yaallaa [[Akosombo Dam]], dhaqaalaha Gobolka Barigana waxaa u badan [[koronto dhalinta]] awoodda sare leh. Gobolka Bariga wuxuu daboolayaa bed dhan 19,323 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, taas oo ah qiyaastii 8.1% guud ahaan [[dhulka]] Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Eastern Region |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=4 |access-date=2009-11-20 |publisher=GhanaDistricts.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mashruuca biyaha ==
Mashruuca Korontada ee Akosombo oo leh awood sare oo [[koronto dhalin]] ah ayaa ka kooban saddex [[Wabi-gacmeed|wabi-gacmeed]] oo waaweyn: [[Black Volta]]; [[White Volta]] iyo [[Red Volta]], mashruuca Korontada ee Akosombo wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Gacanka Guinea]] ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].&lt;ref name=Fobil/&gt; [[Akosombo Dam]] waxaa la dhammaystiray 1965-tii iyada oo qayb ka ah Mashruuca [[Volta River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Volta River Project in Ghana, West Africa |url=https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/volta.htm |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.sjsu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biyo-xireenku wuxuu cabbirkoodu yahay 440 cag (134 mitir) oo ka sarreeya heerka dhulka. Awoodda weyn ee dhalinta korontadu waa 912 megawatt. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu gacan ka geystaa sahayda korontada ee magaalada muhiimka u ah dhaqaalaha ee loo yaqaan [[Tema]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Akosombo Dam {{!}} dam, Ghana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Akosombo-Dam |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Britannica |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{wide image|Akosombo Dam, Akosombo Panorama.jpg|600px|[[Wide dynamic range]] ee [[Mashruuca Korontada ee Akosombo]]: [[biyo-xireenka korontada]] ee Harada Volta ee [[Akosombo]], Gobolka Bariga, Akosombo [[canyon]]. [[Dhismaha]] [[biyo-xireenka]] ee [[Volta Basin]] wuxuu horseeday in ka dib la abuuro Harada Volta.&lt;ref name=Fobil/&gt; [[Harada Volta]] waa harada ugu weyn ee ay dadku sameeyaan ee [[Dunida]] iyo [[harada macmalka ah]], iyada oo daboolaysa {{convert|8502|km2}}, taas oo ah 3.6% [[dhulka]] Ghana.&lt;ref name=Fobil&gt;{{Harvnb|Fobil|2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;|70%|none}}

== Waxbarashada ==

=== Dugsiyada Sare ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Abetifi Presbyterian Senior High School
* Abetifi Technical School
* Abetifi Vocational Institute
* Abomosu STEM SHS 
* [[Abuakwa State College]]
* [[Aburi Girls' Senior High School]]
* Aburi Presby Senior High
* Adeisu Presbyterian Senior High School
* [[Adonten Senior High School]]
* Adukrom Presbyterian Senior High Technical School
* Akim Achiase Senior High School
* Akim Swedru Senior High School
* [[Akro Senior High Technical School]], Odumase Krobo
* Akwamuman Senior High School
* Akwatia Technical Institute
* Akosombo International School
* Anum Presby Senior High School
* Asafo Senior High School
* Asamankese Senior High School
* Asesewa Senior High School
* Akuse Methodist Senior High School
* Akro Senior High School
* Apersua Community Senior High School 
* Asuom Senior High School
* Begoro Presbyterian Senior High School
* [[Benkum Senior High School]]
* Boso Senior High Tech School
* Donkorkrom Agric Senior High School
* [[Ghana Senior High School, Koforidua]]
* [[H'Mount Sinai Senior High School]]
* Islamic girls Senior High School
* [[Kade Senior High-Technical School]]
* Kibi Secondary Technical Senior High School
* Kibi Technical Institute
* Klo Agogo Senior High School
* [[Koforidua Senior High Technical School]]
* [[Krobo Girls Senior High School]]
* Kwabeng Anglican Senior High and Technical School
* Legacy Girls' College, Akuse 
* Mangoase Senior High School
* Manya Krobo Senior High School
* [[Methodist Girls' High School (Mamfe)]]
* Akuse Methodist Senior High Technical School
* Mpraeso Senior High School
* New Abirem Senior High School
* New Juaben Senior High Commercial School
* New Nsutam Senior High School
* [[Nifa Senior High School]]
* Nkawkaw Senior High School
* Nkwatia Presby Senior High School
* Nsawam Senior High school
* [[Oda Senior High School]]
* [[Ofori Panin Senior High School]]
* [[Okuapeman Senior High School]]
* Osino Senior High School
* Oti Boateng Senior High School
* [[Oyoko Methodist Senior High School]]
* [[Presbyterian Senior High School, Akuapim-Mampong]]
* [[Presbyterian Senior High Technical School, Adukrom]]
* [[Pope John Senior High School and Minor Seminary]]
* Saint Francis Senior High School
* Saviour Senior High School
* Sekyere SDA Senior High School
* Somanya Senior High Technical School.
* St Fidelis Senior High School
* St Matins Senior High School
* St Paul's Senior Secondary School
* [[St. Peter's Boys Senior High School]]
* [[St Roses Senior High (Akwatia)]]
* St Stephens senior and technical
* St Thomas Senior High Technical School, Asamankese
* Suhum Presbyterian Senior High School
* [[Suhum Secondary Technical School|Suhum Senior High and Technical School]]
* W.B.M.Zion Senior High School, Old Tafo,
* Yilo Krobo Senior High School

{{div col end}}

Gobolku wuxuu sidoo kale ku faanaa qaar ka mid ah dugsiyada aasaasiga ah ee tayada leh, mid ka mid ah waa Hecta School Complex, oo la aasaasay 1962, iyo kuwo kale.

=== Kulliyadaha ===

*[[Kibi Presbyterian College of Education]]
*[[Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong]]
*[[Presbyterian Women's College of Education]]
*[[Mount Mary College of Education|Mount Mary College of Education, Somanya]]
*[[Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) College of Education|Seventh Day Adventist College of Education, Asokore]]
*[[Abetifi Presbyterian College of Education]]

=== Jaamacadaha ===
*[[Ashesi University]]
*[[All Nations University]]
*[[University College of Agriculture and Environmental Studies]]
*[[Koforidua Technical University]]
*[https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/okwahu-campus-abetifi/ Presbyterian University College (Abetifi Kwahu)]
* Presbyterian University college ([[Akropong]])
* [[University of Environment and Sustainable Development]], [[Somanya]]

== Degmooyinka ==

=== Isbeddellada degmooyinka ===
Degmada Achiase waxaa laga gooyay [[Degmada Birim South]] waxaana la daahfuray 22 Febraayo 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Newly created Achiase district inaugurated |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Newly-created-Achiase-district-inaugurated-725396 |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Degmada Afram Plains]] tan iyo markaas waxaa loo kala qaybiyay laba waxaana loo magacaabay Degmada Kwahu Afram Plains North oo caasimaddeedu tahay Donkorkrom iyo Degmada Kwahu Afram Plains South oo caasimaddeeduna tahay Tease. [[Degmada Akuapim South]], [[Degmada East Akim]] iyo [[Degmada Kwahu West]] ayaa loo dalacsiiyay darajada degmooyinka iyadoo lagu daray [[Degmada Birim Central Municipal]], taas oo ah mid cusub gabi ahaanba. Degmooyinka kale ee cusub waxaa ka mid ah [[Degmada Akyemansa]] iyo [[Degmada Kwahu East]]. [[Degmada Manya Krobo]] waxaa loo kala qaybiyay [[Degmada Lower Manya Krobo]] iyo [[Degmada Upper Manya Krobo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 December 2010 |title=Eastern Region |url=http://www.ghananation.com/Eastern/ |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=GhanaNation |archive-date=24 Bisha Saddexaad 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324201647/http://www.ghananation.com/Eastern/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qaybaha maamulka ===
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoose, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 33 MMDAs, mid kasta waxaa hoggaamiya xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha dhexdooda. MMDAs waxaa laga kordhiyay 9 ilaa 15 sanadkii 1988, ka dibna 15 ilaa 17 sanadkii 2004, ka dibna 17 ilaa 21 sanadkii 2008, ka dibna 21 ilaa 26 sanadkii 2012, dhawaana 26 ilaa 33 sanadkii 2018. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Degmo
!Caasimad
!Deegaan Doorasho
!Xubin Baarlamaan
!Xisbi
|-
|[[Degmada Abuakwa North Municipal|Abuakwa North Municipal]]
|[[Kukurantumi]]
|[[Akim Abuakwa North (deegaan doorasho)|Abuakwa North]]
|[[Gifty Twum Ampofo]]
|[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]]
|-
|[[Degmada Abuakwa South Municipal|Abuakwa South Municipal]]
|[[Kibi, Ghana|Kibi]]
|[[Akim Abuakwa South (deegaan doorasho)|Abuakwa South]]
|[[Samuel Atta Akyea]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Achiase|Achiase]]
|[[Achiase]]
|[[Achiase (deegaan doorasho)|Achiase]]
|[[Kofi Ahenkorah Marfo]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Akuapim North Municipal|Akuapim North Municipal]]
|[[Akropong]]
|[[Akropong (deegaan doorasho)|Akropong]]
|[[Nana Ama Dokua Asiamah Adjei]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Akuapim South|Akuapim South]]
|[[Aburi]]
|[[Akwapim South (deegaan doorasho)|Akwapim South]]
|[[Osei Bonsu Amoah]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Akyemansa|Akyemansa]]
|[[Ofoase]]
|[[Ofoase-Ayirebi (deegaan doorasho)|Ofoase-Ayirebi]]
|[[Kojo Oppong Nkrumah|Kojo Oppong-Nkrumah]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Asene Manso Akroso|Asene Manso Akroso]]
|[[Manso, Ghana|Manso]]
|[[Asene Akroso-Manso (deegaan doorasho)|Asene Akroso Manso]]
|[[George Kwame Aboagye]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Asuogyaman|Asuogyaman]]
|[[Atimpoku]]
|[[Asuogyaman (deegaan doorasho)|Asuogyaman]]
|[[Thomas Nyarko Ampem]]
|[[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]
|-
|[[Degmada Atiwa East|Atiwa East]]
|[[Anyinam]]
|[[Atiwa East (deegaan doorasho)|Atiwa East]]
|[[Abena Osei Asare]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Atiwa West|Atiwa West]]
|[[Kwabeng]]
|[[Atiwa West (deegaan doorasho)|Atiwa West]]
|[[Kwesi Amoako Atta]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Ayensuano|Ayensuano]]
|[[Coaltar]]
|[[Ayensuano (deegaan doorasho)|Ayensuano]]
|[[Teddy Safori Addi]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Birim Central Municipal|Birim Central Municipal]]
|[[Akim Oda]]
|[[Akim Oda (deegaan doorasho)|Akim Oda]]
|[[Alexander Akwasi Acquah]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Birim North|Birim North]]
|[[New Abirem]]
|[[Abirem (deegaan doorasho)|Abirem]]
|[[John Frimpong Osei]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Birim South|Birim South]]
|[[Akim Swedru]]
|[[Akim Swedru (deegaan doorasho)|Akim Swedru]]
|[[Kennedy Osei Nyarko]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Denkyembour|Denkyembour]]
|[[Akwatia]]
|[[Akwatia (deegaan doorasho)|Akwatia]]
|[[Henry Yiadom Boakye]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Fanteakwa North|Fanteakwa North]]
|[[Begoro]]
|[[Fanteakwa North (deegaan doorasho)|Fanteakwa North]]
|[[Kwabena Amankwa Asiamah]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Fanteakwa South|Fanteakwa South]]
|[[Osino]]
|[[Fanteakwa South (deegaan doorasho)|Fanteakwa South]]
|[[Kofi Okyere-Agyekum]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Kwaebibirem|Kwaebibirem Municipal]]
|[[Kade, Ghana|Kade]]
|[[Kade (deegaan doorasho)|Kade]]
|[[Alexander Agyare]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Kwahu Afram Plains North|Kwahu Afram Plains North]]
|[[Donkorkrom]]
|[[Afram Plains North (deegaan doorasho)|Afram Plains North]]
|[[Betty Crosby Mensah]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Kwahu Afram Plains South|Kwahu Afram Plains South]]
|[[Tease, Ghana]]
|[[Afram Plains South (deegaan doorasho)|Afram Plains South]]
|[[Joseph Appiah Boateng]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Kwahu East|Kwahu East]]
|[[Abetifi]]
|[[Abetifi (deegaan doorasho)|Abetifi]]
|[[Bryan Acheampong|Bryan Achemapong]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Kwahu South|Kwahu South]]
|[[Mpraeso]]
|[[Mpraeso (deegaan doorasho)|Mpraeso]]
|[[Davis Ansah Opoku]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Kwahu West Municipal|Kwahu West Municipal]]
|[[Nkawkaw]]
|[[Nkawkaw (deegaan doorasho)|Nkawkaw]]
|[[Joseph Frempong|Joseph Frimpong]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Lower Manya Krobo|Lower Manya Krobo Municipal]]
|[[Krobo Odumase]]
|[[Lower Manya (deegaan doorasho)|Lower Manya]]
|[[Ebenezer Okletey Terlabi]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada New Juaben North Municipal|New Juaben North Municipal]]
|[[Effiduase]]
|[[New Juaben North (deegaan doorasho)|New Juaben North]]
|[[Kwasi Boateng Adjei]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada New-Juaben Municipal|New Juaben South Municipal]]
|[[Koforidua]]
|[[New Juaben South (deegaan doorasho)|New Juaben South]]
|[[Michael Okyere Baafi]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Nsawam Adoagyire|Nsawam Adoagyire Municipal]]
|[[Nsawam]]
|[[Nsawam Adoagyiri (deegaan doorasho)|Nsawam Adoagyiri]]
|[[Frank Annoh Dompreh|Frank Annoh-Dompreh]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Okere|Okere]]
|[[Adukrom]]
|[[Okere (deegaan doorasho)|Okere]]
|[[Dan Botwe|Daniel Botwe]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Suhum Municipal|Suhum Municipal]]
|[[Suhum]]
|[[Suhum (deegaan doorasho)|Suhum]]
|[[Kwadjo Asante]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Upper Manya Krobo|Upper Manya Krobo]]
|[[Asesewa]]
|[[Upper Manya (deegaan doorasho)|Upper Manya]]
|[[Bismark Tetteh Nyarko]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Degmada Upper West Akim|Upper West Akim]]
|[[Adeiso]]
|[[Upper West Akim]]
|[[Frederick Obeng Adom]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada West Akim Municipal|West Akim Municipal]]
|[[Asamankese]]
|[[Lower West Akim (deegaan doorasho)|Lower West Akim]]
|[[Charles Acheampong]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Degmada Yilo Krobo|Yilo Krobo Municipal]]
|[[Somanya]]
|[[Yilo Krobo (deegaan doorasho)|Yilo Krobo]]
|[[Albert Tetteh Nyakotey]]
|NDC
|}
[[Image:Districts of the Eastern Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Bariga]]

== Dhaqanka ==
{{See also|Eastern Music Awards}}
{{Expand section|date=July 2021}}

== Goobaha Dalxiiska ==
[[File:Wiki_loves_earth_shia_hills_nipah_dennis_2019_003.jpg|thumb|297x297px|[[Shai Hills Resource Reserve]]]]

* [[Aburi Botanical Gardens|Aburi Botanical Garden]]

*[[Boti Waterfalls]]
*[[Akosombo Dam]]
*[[Shai Hills Resource Reserve]]
*[[Umbrella Rock]]
*[[Atewa Range Forest Reserve]]
*[[Harada Volta]]
*[[Geedka Weyn ee Oda]]
*[[Tetteh Quarshie Cocoa Farm]]
*[[Bead Factory]]
*[[Dodi Island]]

* [[Adomi Bridge]]
* [[Akaa Waterfalls]]
* [[Ghana Bike and Hike Tours]]
* [[Kwahu Plateau|Kwahu plateau]]
* [[Akwawa Mountain Peak]]

== Muwaadiniin caan ah ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Muwaadiniin caan ah oo ka soo jeeda Gobolka Bariga
|-
! #
! Muwaadin
! Degsiimo
|-
! 1
| [[Nana Akufo-Addo]]
| [[Kibi, Ghana|Kibi]]
|-
! 2
| [[Seth Terkper]]
| [[Krobo Odumase]]
|-
! 3
| [[George Boateng]]
| [[Nkawkaw]]
|-
! 4
| [[J. B. Danquah|Dr. J. B. Danquah]]
| [[Kibi, Ghana|Kibi]]
|-
! 5
| [[Samuel Wilberforce Awuku-Darko]]
| [[Suhum, Ghana|Suhum]]
|-
! 6
| [[Fred Akuffo|Frederick W. K. Akuffo]]
| [[Akropong]]
|-
! 7
| [[Thomas Partey|Thomas Teye Partey]]
| [[Krobo Odumase]]
|-
!8
|[[Okyehemaa Nana Dokua Adutwumwaa]]
|Kibi
|-
!9
|[[Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin]]
|Kibi
|-
!10
|[[Ken Ofori-Atta]]
|Kibi
|-
!11
|[[Samuel Atta Akyea]]
|Kibi
|-
!12
|[[Hackman Owusu-Agyeman|Hackman Owusu Agyemang]]
|Koforidua
|}

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Shaqooyinka la soo xigtay ===
* Fobil, J.N., D.K. Attaquayefio, iyo Volta Basin Research Project [VBRP]. 2003. ''Remediation of the environmental impacts of the Akosombo and Kpong dams''. HORIZON Solutions Site: Caafimaadka Dadweynaha. Jaamacadda Yale Waaxda Bayoolajiga: HORIZON International.</text>
      <sha1>qwoyrcu94qvn81ri73imzy9u7lxwxlp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gobolka Greater Accra</title>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>28368</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="17471" sha1="pdmmw90mocaxr3ah39p0pmxtevckrar" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gobolka Greater Accra
| type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline = The Aerial View of Accra, the capital town of Ghana.jpg
| image_caption = Muuqaalka cirka ee Accra
| image_map = Greater Accra in Ghana 2018.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Greater Accra ee Ghana
| image_map1 = 
| map_caption1 = 
| image_flag = Flag of Greater Accra Region.svg
| flag_size = 
| subdivision_type = Waddan
| subdivision_name = [[Ghana]]
| leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name = [[Linda Obenewaa Akweley Ocloo]]
| leader_title1 = Duqa Magaalada
| leader_name1 = Mohammed Adjei Sowah
| seat_type = Caasimad
| seat = [[Accra]]
| area_total_km2 = 3245
| area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Greater Accra Population&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=1 |title=Greater Accra Region |access-date=2015-05-19 |publisher=Ghanadistricts.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 10-aad]]
| population_total = 5455692
| population_as_of = 2021 tirakoob
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Greater Accra Population&quot;/&gt;
| population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 2-aad]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2021)}}
| blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 0.707&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{color|#0c0|sare}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|1-aad]]
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Sannad
| demographics1_info1 = 2013
| demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics1_info2 = $5,150
| demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1 = Sannad
| demographics2_info1 = 2013
| demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics2_info2 = $2,500
| parts_type = Degmooyin
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 29
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-AA]]
| timezone = [[GMT]]
| area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|030]]
}}

'''Gobolka Greater Accra''' wuxuu leeyahay bedka ugu yar [[Ghana]] ee [[Gobolada Ghana|16-ka gobol ee maamul]], isagoo ku fadhiya guud ahaan dhul dhan 3,245 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About GAR – Greater Accra Region |url=https://www.gtarcc.gov.gh/index.php/about-gar/ |access-date=2023-05-28 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waa 1.4% guud ahaan bedka dhulka Ghana. Waa gobolka ugu dadka badan, iyadoo dadku gaarayaan 5,455,692 sanadkii 2021, taas oo ka dhigan 17.7% guud ahaan dadka Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Population &amp; Housing Census 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Population &amp; Housing Census 2010|url=http://statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|website=Ghana Statistical Service|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=22 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222235005/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Greater Accra - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/82-greater-accra |access-date=2019-05-19 |website=Government of Ghana |archive-date=2018-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117194242/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/82-greater-accra |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolka Greater Accra waa gobolka ugu magaaloobay dalka, iyadoo 87.4% dadkiisu ay ku nool yihiin xarumaha magaalooyinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G02540.pdf |title=The Urban Transition in Ghana: Urbanization, National Development and Poverty Reduction |last=Songsore |first=Jacob}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gobolka Greater Accra waxaa dhanka woqooyi ka xiga [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Gobolka Bariga]], dhanka bari waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Volta]], dhanka koonfureed waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Guinea]], dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]]. Waxa uu ka kooban yahay 29 goobood oo maamul.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FACT-CHECK: Walewale MP’s claim that his constituency is bigger than Greater Accra Region is False - Ghana Fact |url=https://ghanafact.com/fact-check-walewale-mps-claim-that-his-constituency-is-bigger-than-greater-accra-region-is-false/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1960, Greater Accra, oo markaas loo yaqaanay Accra Capital District, waxay dhanka juquraafi ahaan qayb ka ahayd [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Gobolka Bariga]]. Waxaa si gaar ah u maamuli jiray Wasiirka masuulka ka ah dawladda hoose. Iyadoo ka bilaabmaysa 23 Luulyo 1982, Greater Accra waxaa lagu abuuray Xeerka Gobolka Greater Accra (PNDCL 26) sidii gobol sharci ahaan u madax-bannaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=1&amp;sa=26|title=Greater Accra Region - Political Administration|access-date=29 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maamulka ==
[[Image:Districts of the Greater Accra Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Greater Accra]] Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 29 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 2 degmo oo magaalo madax ah, 23 degmo oo magaalooyin ah iyo 4 gole caadi ah).&lt;ref name=&quot;Greater Accra Population&quot; /&gt; Degmo kasta, Magaalo ama Deegaan Magaalo iyo deegaan doorashada u dhigma, waxaa maamula Guddoomiye iyo Xubin Baarlamaan, oo matala dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo guddoomiye laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha. MMDA's waxaa laga kordhiyay 3 ilaa 5 sanadkii 1988; ka dib 5 ilaa 6 sanadkii 2004; ka dib 6 ilaa 10 sanadkii 2008; ka dib 10 ilaa 16 sanadkii 2012; iyo dhawaan 16 ilaa 29 sanadkii 2018. Tirada deegaan doorashooyinka waxay korodhay/baahday 22 ilaa 27 sanadkii 2004 iyo 34 ka hor [[doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2012]]. Liisku waa sida soo socota:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Degmo
!Caasimad
!Deegaan Doorasho
!Xubin Baarlamaan
!Xisbi
|-
|[[Ablekuma Central Municipal District|Ablekuma Central Municipal]]
|[[Lartebiokorshie]]
|[[Ablekuma Central]]
|[[Dan Abdul-latif]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ablekuma North Municipal District|Ablekuma North Municipal]]
|[[Darkuman]]
|[[Ablekuma North]]
|[[Shiela Bartels|Sheila Bartels]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Ablekuma West Municipal District|Ablekuma West Municipal]]
|[[Dansoman]]
|[[Ablekuma West]]
|[[Ursula Owusu|Ursula G Owusu]]
|NPP
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Accra Metropolitan District|Accra Metropolitan]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Accra]]
|[[Ablekuma South]]
|[[Alfred Oko Vanderpuije|Alfred Okoe Vanderpuije]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Odododiodio]]
|[[Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Okaikwei Central (Ghana parliament constituency)|Okaikwei Central]]
|[[Patrick Yaw Boamah]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Okaikwei South]]
|[[Dakoa Newman]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Ada East District|Ada East]]
|[[Ada Foah]]
|[[Ada (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ada]]
|[[Comfort Doyoe Cudjoe-Ghansah]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ada West District|Ada West]]
|[[Sege (town)|Sege]]
|[[Sege (Ghana parliament constituency)|Sege]]
|[[Christian Corleytey Otuteye]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Adenta Municipal District|Adenta Municipal]]
|[[Adenta]]
|[[Adenta (Ghana parliament constituency)|Adenta]]
|[[Mohammed Adamu Ramadan]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ashaiman Municipal]]
|[[Ashaiman]]
|[[Ashaiman (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ashaiman]]
|[[Ernest Henry Norgbey]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ayawaso Central Municipal District|Ayawaso Central Municipal]]
|[[Kokomlemle]]
|[[Ayawaso Central]]
|[[Henry Quartey]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Ayawaso East Municipal District|Ayawaso East Municipal]]
|[[Nima (town)|Nima]]
|[[Ayawaso East]]
|[[Naser Toure Mahama]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ayawaso North Municipal District|Ayawaso North Municipal]]
|[[Accra New Town]]
|[[Ayawaso North (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ayawaso North]]
|[[Yussif Issaka Jajah]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ayawaso West Municipal District|Ayawaso West Municipal]]
|[[Dzorwulu]]
|[[Ayawaso West]]
|[[Lydia Alhassan]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Ga Central District|Ga Central Municipal]]
|[[Sowutuom]]
|[[Anyaa-Sowutuom (Ghana parliamentary constituency)|Anyaa-Sowutuom]]
|[[Dickson Adomako Kissi]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Ga East Municipal District|Ga East Municipal]]
|[[Abokobi]]
|[[Dome-Kwabenya]]
|[[Sarah Adwoa Safo]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Ga North Municipal District|Ga North Municipal]]
|[[Amomole]]
|[[Trobu (Ghana parliament constituency)|Trobu]]
|[[Moses Anim]]
|NPP
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ga South Municipal District|Ga South Municipal]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ngleshie Amanfro]]
|[[Bortianor-Ngleshie-Amanfrom (Ghana parliament constituency)|Bortianor-Ngleshie-Amanfrom]]
|[[Sylvester Tetteh]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Domeabra-Obom]]
|[[Sophia Karen Edem Ackuaku]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ga West Municipal District|Ga West Municipal]]
|[[Amasaman]]
|[[Amasaman (Ghana parliament constituency)|Amasaman]]
|[[Akwasi Owusu Afrifa-Mensah]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Korle-Klottey Municipal District|Korle Klottey Municipal]]
|[[Osu, Ghana|Osu]]
|[[Korle Klottey (Ghana parliament constituency)|Korle Klottey]]
|[[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Kpone Katamanso Municipal District|Kpone Katamanso Municipal]]
|[[Kpone]]
|[[Kpone-Katamanso]]
|[[Joseph Akuerteh]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Krowor Municipal District|Krowor Municipal]]
|[[Nungua]]
|[[Krowor (Ghana parliament constituency)|Krowor]]
|[[Agnes Naa Momo Lartey]]
|NDC
|-
|[[La Dade Kotopon Municipal District|La Dade Kotopon Municipal]]
|[[Labadi|La]]
|[[Dade Kotopon]]
|[[Rita Naa Odoley Sowah]]
|NDC
|-
|[[La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal District|La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal]]
|[[Madina]]
|[[Abokobi-Madina]]
|[[Francis-Xavier Kojo Sosu]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ledzokuku Municipal District|Ledzokuku Municipal]]
|[[Teshie]]
|[[Ledzokuku]]
|[[Benjamin Ayiku Nartey]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Ningo Prampram District|Ningo Prampram]]
|[[Prampram]]
|[[Ningo-Prampram]]
|[[Sam Nartey George|Samuel George Nartey]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Okaikwei North Municipal District|Okaikwei North Municipal]]
|[[Achimota]]
|[[Okaikwei North]]
|[[Theresa Lardi Awuni]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Shai Osudoku District|Shai Osudoku]]
|[[Dodowa]]
|[[Shai-Osudoku]]
|[[Linda Obenewaa Akweley Ocloo]]
|NDC
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Tema Metropolis District|Tema Metropolitan]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Tema]]
|[[Tema Central (Ghana parliament constituency)|Tema Central]]
|[[Yves Hanson-Nortey]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Tema East]]
|[[Isaac Ashai Odamtten]]
|NDC
|-
|[[Tema West Municipal District|Tema West Municipal]]
|[[Tema Community 18]]
|[[Tema West]]
|[[Carlos Kingsley Ahenkorah|Carlos Kingsley Ahenkora]]
|NPP
|-
|[[Weija Gbawe Municipal District|Weija Gbawe Municipal]]
|[[Weija]]
|[[Weija (Ghana parliament constituency)|Weija]]
|[[Tina Gifty Naa Ayele Mensah|Tina Gifty Naa Ayeley Mensah]]
|NPP
|}

==Demographics==
===Dadka===
[[Xarunta dadka]] ee gobolka Greater Accra waxay ku taal [[Accra|Greater Accra Metropolitan Area]] taas oo ka kooban degmooyinka [[Accra Metropolis District|Accra Metropolitan]], [[Tema Metropolis District|Tema Metropolitan]], [[Adenta Municipal District|Adenta Municipal]], [[La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal District]], [[Ashaiman Municipal District|Ashaiman Municipal]], [[Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal District|Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal]], [[Ga East Municipal District|Ga East Municipal]], [[Ga West Municipal District|Ga West Municipal]], iyo [[Ga South Municipal District|Ga South Municipal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=jii;view=text;rgn=main;idno=4750978.0016.105 |title =Environmental and Structural Inequalities in Greater Accra |access-date =2010-07-22|publisher =The Journal of the International Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobkii 2010, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad dhan 4,010,054, taas oo ka dhigaysa gobolka labaad ee ugu dadka badan (wadarta guud ee dadka) ee [[Ghana]] ka dambeeya [[Gobolka Ashanti]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Population &amp; Housing Census 2010&quot; /&gt;

{{Historical populations
| 1984 | 1,431,099
| 2000 | 2,905,726
| 2010 | 4,010,054
| 2021 | 5,455,692
|align       = none
| footnote = xigasho:&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/cities/ Ghana population statistics]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Kooxda [[Dadka Ga|Ga]] ee dadka [[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Ga-Dangme]] waa dadka taariikhiga ah ee Accra. Waxay sameeyaan kooxda ugu weyn ee qowmiyadaha hoose ee Gobolka Greater Accra, oo leh 18.9% dadka.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ga-Adangbe people]]&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka Ga waxaa loo habeeyay lix magaalo oo madax-bannaan (Accra (Ga Mashie), Osu, La, Teshie, [[Nungua]], iyo [[Tema]]). Magaalo kastaa waxay lahayd kursi, kaas oo u adeegayay shayga dhexe ee caadooyinka Ga iyo sixirka dagaalka. Magaalada La waxay leedahay bangi bulsho oo u fidiya adeegyada bangiyada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=La Community Bank|url=https://www.ghanayello.com/company/6653/La_Community_Bank_Ltd|website=Ghana Yello|access-date=19 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Qaybta ugu weyn ee dadka Accra waa [[Dadka Akan|Akan]], oo ah 39.8% dadka. Kooxda xigta ee ugu weyn waa [[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Ga-Dangme]] oo ah 29.7% dadka. Taas ka dib 18% dadka waa [[Dadka Ewe|Ewe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ghana.gov.gh&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Greater Accra - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/about-ghana/regions/greater-accra |access-date=21 August 2016 |website=Government of Ghana |archive-date=23 Bisha Labaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223225526/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/about-ghana/regions/greater-accra |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sanadkii 1960 dadka Gobolka Greater Accra waxay ahaayeen 491,817. Sanadkii 2000 dadku waxay ahaayeen 2,905,726. Sanadkii 2010 dadku waxay ahaayeen 4,010,054.&lt;ref name=&quot;ghana.gov.gh&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Population &amp; Housing Census 2010&quot; /&gt;

===Diinta===
Xiriirka diimeed ee dadka gobolka Greater Accra waa sida hoos ku qoran:&lt;ref name=&quot;Greater Accra Population&quot; /&gt;
* [[Masiixiyad|Masiixi]] – 77.8%
* [[Islaam|Muslim]] – 16.2%
* Diimaha kale – 4.6%
* Dhaqan – 1.4%

==Gaadiidka==
Gobolka Greater Accra waxaa u adeega [[Madaarka Caalamiga ah ee Accra]] ee ku yaalla [[Accra]]. Madaarku wuxuu bixiyaa duulimaadyo ku socda gudaha Ghana, qaaradda Afrika iyo qaaradaha kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Accra International Airport – GACL |url=https://www.gacl.com.gh/accra-international-airport/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Waxaa jira [[Shirkadda Tareenka ee Ghana|xariiq tareen]] oo firfircoon oo isku xirta [[Accra]] iyo [[Tema]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-10-01 |title=Tema-Mpakadan rail services reactivated by Ghana Railways Dev Authority |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/grda-activates-tema-mpakadan-rail-services.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-06-18 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ciidaha==
[[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Dadka Ga]] waxay u dabaaldegaan ciidda [[Homowo]], oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;in gaajada lagu qayliyo.&quot; Ciiddan waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa dhowr qarni ka hor. Waxaa loo dabaaldegaa xusuusta abaartii ku dhacday dadka Ga qarnigii 16-aad. Waa ciid cunno inta badan oo u dabaaldegta dhammaadkii muddadaas taariikhda Ga. Waxay dhacdaa bisha Agoosto sannad kasta waxaana u dabaaldega dhammaan qabaa'ilka Ga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homowo Festival – Visit Ghana |url=https://visitghana.com/homowo-festival/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dadka Dangme ee ka yimid Ada waxay u dabaaldegaan ciidda [[Asafotu]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '[[Asafotufiam Festival|Asafotufiam]]', waa ciid sannadle ah oo dagaalyahannada oo ay u dabaaldegaan dadka Ada laga bilaabo Khamiista ugu dambeysa ee Luulyo ilaa usbuuca ugu horreeya ee Agoosto waxay xusuusataa guulaha dagaalyahannada ee dagaalka waana xusuus loo sameeyay kuwii ku dhacay garoonka dagaalka. Si dib loogu jilo dhacdooyinkan taariikhiga ah, dagaalyahannadu waxay xirtaan dhar dagaal oo dhaqameed waxayna sameeyaan dagaal been abuur ah. Tani sidoo kale waa waqti loogu talagalay caadooyinka ragga ee marinka, marka ragga loo soo bandhigo dagaalka. Ciiddu waxay sidoo kale ku beegan tahay wareegga beergooyska, marka caadooyinkan iyo xafladahan la qabto. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah caadooyinka daahirinta. Dabaaldeggu wuxuu gaaraa heerkii ugu sarreeyay iyadoo la kulma madaxda, socod midab leh oo ay sameeyaan Madaxda oo ay ku jiraan raacayaashooda. Waxaa weheliya kooxo milatari oo dhaqameed oo loo yaqaan 'Asafo Companies' dhexda durbaan, heeso iyo qoob-ka-ciyaarka waddooyinka iyo garoonka dabaaldegga. Goobta dabaaldegga, salaanta ayaa la isku dhaafsadaa inta u dhaxaysa madaxda, cabbitaannada ayaa la shubaa iyo caddaynta daacadnimada ayaa la sameeyaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-06-17 |title=88th Ada Asafotufiami festival slated for August 1–8 |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/88th-ada-asafotufiami-festival-slated-for-august-1-8.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-06-18 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons}}
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = [[File:Flag of Greater Accra Region.gif|25px|link=Greater Accra Region]] Greater Accra
|North     = [[File:Flag of Eastern Region (Ghana).gif|25px|link=Eastern Region (Ghana)]] [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Bariga]]
|Northeast = ''[[Harada Volta]]''
|East      = ''[[Harada Volta]]''
|Southeast = ''[[Harada Volta]]''&lt;br /&gt;''[[Gacanka Guinea]]''
|South     = ''[[Gacanka Guinea]]''
|Southwest = ''[[Gacanka Guinea]]''
|West      = [[File:Flag of Eastern Region (Ghana).gif|25px|link=Eastern Region (Ghana)]] [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Bariga]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Dhexe]]
|Northwest = [[Gobolka Ashanti|Ashanti]]
}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Gobolka Waqooyi Bari, Gaana</title>
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      <text bytes="11306" sha1="m0203zwjmjautivrebfcwzpv1mah7df" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari
| official_name      = 
| image_skyline      = 
| image_caption      = =
| image_map          = Ghana - North East.png
| mapsize            = 200px
| map_caption        = Goobta Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari ee Ghana
| image_map1         = 
| map_caption1       = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Nalerigu]]
| parts_type         = Degmo
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 6
| leader_title       = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name        = [[Ibrahim Tia]]
| leader_title1      = &lt;!-- Xubnaha Baarlamaanka --&gt;
| leader_name1       = 
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 9,070
| area_rank          = 
| population_total   = 658,903
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;North East Region Population&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTc0MTgzMzc0NC44NDk=&amp;&amp;NorthEast&amp;regid=11|title=Ghana Statistical Services – Population by Regions, North East|access-date=2021-02-01 |publisher=statsghana.gov.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank    = 
| demographics_type1 = 
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = 
| demographics_type2 = 
| demographics2_title1 = 
| demographics2_info1 = 
| area_code          = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|+233 37]]
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-NP]]
| type               = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| demographics1_info1 = 
| demographics1_title2 = 
| demographics1_info2 = 
| demographics2_title2 = 
| demographics2_info2 = 
| timezone           = [[GMT]]
}}

'''Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari''' waa mid ka mid ah lix iyo tobanka [[Gobolada Ghana]]. Wuxuu ku yaallaa woqooyiga dalka waxaana la abuuray Diseembar 2018 ka dib [[aftidii gobolada cusub ee Ghana ee 2018|afti]] loo qaaday in laga gooyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CitiNewsRoom2018&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ngon |first1=Diana |title=Referendum: Residents endorse North East Region with 99.67 YES vote |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/12/28/referendum-residents-endorse-north-east-region-with-99-67-yes-vote/ |access-date=28 December 2018 |publisher=Citi Newsroom |date=28 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caasimadda gobolka waa [[Nalerigu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CitiNewsroom2019&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Citi Newsroom |title=Nalerigu selected as capital of newly created North East Region |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/02/12/nalerigu-selected-as-capital-of-newly-created-north-east-region/|access-date=12 February 2019 |publisher=Citinewsroom Online |date=12 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Abuurista Gobolka==

[[File:20181119RWH9978 NaYiri North East Region.jpg|thumb|left|NaYiri oo muujinaya taageeradiisa Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]]
'''Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari''' ee Ghana wuxuu ahaa gobol cusub oo la soo jeediyay in laga gooyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]] ee [[Ghana]]. Abuurista gobolkan cusub waxay ahayd fulinta ballanqaad uu sameeyay [[New Patriotic Party]] ka hor doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2016. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii, Madaxweyne [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] wuxuu abuuray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolada iyo Horumarinta|Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolada]] si ay u kormeerto dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda, waxaana Hon. Solomon Namliit Boar, oo ahaa Xildhibaanka Degmada Bunkpurugu iyo ku-xigeenkii hore ee Wasiirka Gobolka Waqooyi, loo magacaabay Wasiirkii ugu horreeyay ee Gobolka ee Gobolka cusub ee Waqooyi-Bari. Guud ahaan lix gobol oo cusub ayaa laga abuuray tobankii gobol ee hore ee Ghana. Gobolada kale waa [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed]], [[Gobolka Bono]], [[Gobolka Bono Bariga]], [[Gobolka Ahafo]], [[Gobolka Savannah]] iyo [[Gobolka Oti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/703-creation-of-6-new-regions-in-the-hands-of-ec-ghanaians-president-akufo-addo|title=&quot;Creation Of 6 New Regions In The Hands Of EC &amp; Ghanaians&quot; – President Akufo-Addo|website=www.presidency.gov.gh|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-12-21|archive-date=2022-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704050301/https://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/703-creation-of-6-new-regions-in-the-hands-of-ec-ghanaians-president-akufo-addo|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Afti la qaaday 27 Diseembar 2018 ayaa lagu guulaystay iyadoo 81% dadka u dareeray codbixinta ee gobolka la soo jeediyay ay 99.8% u codeeyeen abuurista Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari.&lt;ref name=&quot;CitiNewsRoom2018&quot; /&gt; Caasimadda gobolka ee la soo jeediyay waa magaalada [[Nalerigu]] ee [[East Mamprusi Municipal Assembly]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CitiNewsroom2019&quot; /&gt;{{clear left}}

==Juquraafi iyo cimilada==

===Goobta iyo bedka===
Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari waxaa dhanka woqooyi ka xiga [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]], dhanka bari waxaa ka xiga [[xuduudka caalamiga ah]] ee Ghana iyo Togo, dhanka koonfureed waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]], dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed]]. Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 degmo.

===Cimilada iyo dhirta===
Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari wuxuu aad uga qallalan yahay meelaha koonfureed ee Ghana, sababtoo ah u dhowaanshaha [[Sahel]], iyo [[Saxaraha]]. Dhirtu waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay caws, gaar ahaan [[savanna]] oo leh kooxo geedo qallalan u adkaysta sida [[baobab]] ama [[acacia]]. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga abaaraha]]. [[Xilliga roobabka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa qiyaastii Juun iyo Nofeembar iyadoo celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah uu yahay 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inches). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa dhammaadka xilliga abaaraha, kan ugu hooseeyana Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaadda Saxaraha ayaa afuufta inta badan inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 17 °C (63 °F) habeenkii iyo 47 °C (117 °F) inta lagu jiro maalintii.{{clear left}}

==Qaab-dhismeedka Dhaqanka iyo Bulshada==
Nayiri waa Boqorka (maamulaha) deegaanka dhaqanka Mamprugu oo gobolka oo dhan uu qayb ka yahay. Wuxuu leeyahay gole dhaqameed oo odayaal ah oo la taliya. Nayiri waxaa taageera madax sare, qeybiyo iyo madax kale oo hoose oo hoos yimaada. Maamulkiisu wuxuu ka sii fogaadaa xuduudaha Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari iyo xitaa qaranka. Waxaa ka mid ah madaxda caanka ah Wulugu Naaba, Wungu Naaba, Soo Naaba, Kulgu Naaba, Yunyoorana iyo Bunkpurugu Naaba iyo Zuarungu Naaba, Tongu Naaba, Sakuti (dhammaantood waxay ku yaallaan [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]]).

[[Dadka Mamprusi]] waa qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee Degmada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jira Dagombas, Bimobas, Konkombas, Talensis, Tampulma, Bissa, Mossis, Chakosis iyo Hausas kuwaas oo ku noolaaday aagga. Labo ciidood oo dhaqameed ayaa la dabaaldegaa sanad walba, Damba Festival, Bugum (Fire) Festival. Degmadu waa mid diimo badan oo diimaha ugu badan ay yihiin Masiixiyad, Islaam iyo Diinta Dhaqanka Afrika.{{clear left}}

==Dalxiiska iyo Goobaha soo jiidashada==
[[File:20171104RWH0430 White Volta Gambaga Scarp.jpg|thumb|left|White Volta &amp; Gambaga Scarp]]
* Gambaga Escarpment
* Wabiyaasha White Volta iyo Red Volta
* Farshaxanka dhagaxa qadiimiga ah ee Gingana, Kpatiritinga, Jilik, iyo Tusugu
* NaYiri Palace ee [[Nalerigu]]
* NaJeringa historic slave wall ee [[Nalerigu]]
* Qabuuraha boqorradii qadiimiga ahaa ee [[Dadka Mamprusi|Mamprusi]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Mossi|Mossi]] ee [[Gambaga]]
* Masaajidka/Goobta cibaadada ee Zayaa ee Wulugu
* Ancient Koma Figurines ee Yikpabongo
* Buyuori Cave ee Yikpabongo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://northeastghana.com/ |title=Discover Ghana's North East Region |access-date=27 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{clear left}}

==Dhaqaalaha==
In ka badan 85% dadka firfircoon ee dhaqaale ahaan waa [[Beeraha|beeralay]]. Cufnaanta dadka oo hooseeya waxaa qayb ahaan sababa qax, marka lagu daro juquraafi ahaan iyo cimilada.

==Demographics==
Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari wuxuu leeyahay cufnaanta dadka oo hooseeya, iyo, oo ay la socoto [[luuqadda rasmiga ah]] ee [[Ingiriisi]], dadka intiisa badan waxay ku hadlaan luuqad ka tirsan hoos-qaybta [[Luuqadaha Gur|Gur]] ee [[Luuqadaha Niger-Congo|qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo]], sida [[Luuqadda Mampruli|Mampruli]], [[Tampulma]], [[Bimoba]], [[Kusaal]], [[Dagbani]], ama [[Konkomba]]. Boqortooyada [[Dadka Mamprusi|Mamprusi]] waxay ku taal gobolka.

=== Diinta ===
Dadka intiisa badan ee gobolka Waqooyi-Bari waxay xiriir la leeyihiin Masiixiyadda, Islaamka, iyo/ama Diinta Dhaqanka Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;statsghana&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf|author=Ghana Statistical Service|date=May 2013|title=2010 POPULATION &amp; HOUSING CENSUS NATIONAL ANALYTICAL REPORT|access-date=28 December 2018|archive-date=12 Bisha Todobaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712212518/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear left}}

==Qaybaha maamulka==
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa lix MMDA's (oo ka kooban 0 degmo oo magaalo madax ah, 2 degmo oo magaalooyin ah iyo 4 gole caadi ah). Degmo kasta, Magaalo ama Gole Magaalo, waxaa maamula Guddoomiye, oo matala dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo guddoomiye laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:

[[Image:Districts of the North East Region (2018).png|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari
|-
! #
! Magaca MMDA
! Caasimad
! Nooca MMDA
! Dadka
|-
! 1
| [[Bunkpurugu Nyankpanduri District|Bunkpurugu-Nyankpanduri]]
| [[Bunkpurugu]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 2
| [[Chereponi District|Chereponi]]
| [[Chereponi]]
| Caadi
| 55,932
|-
! 3
| [[East Mamprusi Municipal Assembly|East Mamprusi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana Health Service investigates suspected waterborne disease in Bunbuazio community - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghana-health-service-investigate-suspected-waterborne-disease-in-bunbuazio-community/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| '''[[Nalerigu]]'''
| Magaalo
| 121,009
|-
! 4
| [[Mamprugu Moagduri District|Mamprugu-Moagduri]]
| [[Yagaba]]
| Caadi
|-
! 5
| [[West Mamprusi District|West Mamprusi]]
| [[Walewale]]
| Magaalo
| 
|-
! 6
| [[Yunyoo-Nasuan District|Yunyoo-Nasuan]]
| [[Yunyoo]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
|}{{clear}}

==Muwaadiniin caan ah==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|+ Muwaadiniin caan ah oo u dhashay gobolka Waqooyi-Bari
|-
! #
! Muwaadin
! Degsiimo
|-
! scope=row | 1
| [[Mahamudu Bawumia]]
| [[Nalerigu]]/[[Walewale]]
|-
! scope=row | 2
| Solomon Namliit Boar (MP) 
| [[Bunkpurugu]] 
|-
! scope=row | 3
| [[Edward Mahama]]
| [[Nalerigu]]
|-
! scope=row | 4
| [[Alima Mahama]] (MP)
| [[Nalerigu]]
|-
! scope=row | 5
| Sagri Banbangi (MP)
| [[Walewale]]
|}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}}
* [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com]


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{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Gobolka Waqooyi (Gaana)</title>
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| name               = Gobolka Waqooyi
| image_skyline      = Stadium_tamale2.jpg
| image_caption      = Garoonka Tamale
| image_map          = Ghana - Northern Region (2018).png
| mapsize            = 200px
| map_caption        = Goobta Gobolka Waqooyi ee Ghana
| image_map1         = 
| map_caption1       = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]
| parts_type         = Degmooyin
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 16
| leader_title       = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name        = [[Ali Adolf John]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers - Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-date=4 Bisha Todobaad 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704052607/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1      = &lt;!-- Xubnaha Baarlamaanka --&gt;
| leader_name1       = 
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghanadistricts.com - Northern Region&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6 |title=Northern Region |access-date=2009-11-20 |publisher=GhanaDistricts.com |archive-date=2010-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211160742/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 26,534
| area_rank          = &lt;!-- [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 1-aad]] --&gt;
| population_total   = 2,310,939
| population_as_of   = 2021 Tirakoob
| population_footnotes = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank    = &lt;!-- [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 15-aad]] --&gt;
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Sannad
| demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1 = Sannad
| demographics2_info1 = 2018
| area_code          = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|037]]
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-NP]]
| type               = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| demographics1_info1 = 2013
| demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics1_info2 = $5,150
| demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics2_info2 = $2,500
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2021)}}
| blank_info_sec2    = 0.539&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|10-aad]]
| timezone           = [[GMT]]
}}

'''Gobolka Waqooyi''' waa mid ka mid ah lix iyo tobanka [[Gobolada Ghana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No new Covid-19 cases in Northern Region in 3 weeks - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/no-new-covid-19-cases-in-northern-region-in-3-weeks/ |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta woqooyi ee dalka waxaana uu kaalinta labaad kaga jiraa gobolada ugu waaweyn lix iyo tobanka gobol. Kahor kala qaybintiisa, wuxuu ku fadhiyay bed dhan 25,000 oo kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, taas oo matalaysa 10 boqolkiiba bedka [[Ghana]]. Bishii [[aftidii gobolada cusub ee Ghana ee 2018|Diseembar 2018]], waxaa laga abuuray [[Gobolka Savannah]] iyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]]. Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu u qaybsamaa 16 [[degmo]]. [[Caasimadda]] gobolka waa [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], [[Liiska magaalooyinka Ghana | magaalada saddexaad ee ugu weyn Ghana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghanadistricts.com - Northern Region&quot;/&gt;

==Juquraafi iyo cimilada==

===Goobta iyo bedka===
Gobolka Waqooyi, oo ku fadhiya qiyaastii 25,000 oo kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, wuxuu u taagan yahay gobolka labaad ee ugu weyn Ghana marka loo eego bedka dhulka. Wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]] iyo [[Gobolka Savannah]] dhanka woqooyi iyo [[Gobolka Oti]] dhanka koonfureed, iyo wadamada dariska ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Jamhuuriyadda Togo]] dhanka bari iyo La Cote d'Ivoire dhanka galbeed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mutuku |first=Ryan |date=2021-01-25 |title=The Northern Region districts and their capitals in Ghana |url=https://yen.com.gh/180838-the-northern-region-districts-capitals-ghana.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Cimilada iyo dhirta===
[[File:Baobob tree.jpg|thumb|left|130px|Geedka [[Adansonia digitata|baobab]]]]
Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu leeyahay nidaam [[Guinean forest–savanna mosaic|deegaan kaymo-savanna ah]]. Guinea Savanna waa tan ugu qoyan saddexda aag ee deegaanka savanna. Dhirtu waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay dhul-kaymeed iyo daaqsin. [[Xilliga roobabka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa Abriil iyo Oktoobar, halka xilliga abaaraha uu dhaco inta u dhaxaysa Janaayo iyo Maarso. Waxaa jira celcelis ahaan roobab sanadle ah oo dhan 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inches). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa bisha Maarso, dhamaadka xilliga abaaraha. Laga bilaabo dhammaadka Nofeembar ilaa Maarso, [[dabaysha ganacsiga]] ee woqooyi-bari ayaa afuufta, taas oo keenta [[Harmattan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lyngsie |first1=G. |last2=Awadzi |first2=T. |last3=Breuning-Madsen |first3=H. |date=2011-11-01 |title=Origin of Harmattan dust settled in Northern Ghana — Long transported or local dust? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001670611100228X |journal=Geoderma |volume=167-168 |pages=351–359 |doi=10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.026 |bibcode=2011Geode.167..351L |issn=0016-7061|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muddadan, heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 14 °C (59 °F) habeenkii iyo 40 °C (104 °F) inta lagu jiro maalintii.{{clear left}}

==Dhaqaalaha==
{{multiple image
| align             = none
| image1            = Agriculture Factory, Tamale, Dagbon.jpg
| width1            = 223
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = 
| image2            = Agriculture Factory, Tamale.jpg
| width2            = 225
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = 
| footer            = [[Agribusiness]] [[warshad]] ku taal [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], Gobolka Waqooyi. [[Beeralayda]] shaqaalaha ah ee [[Warshad]] [[Beeraha]] ee [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], Gobolka Waqooyi.
}}

Sida dhammaan qaybaha Ghana, in ka badan kalabar dadka firfircoon ee dhaqaale ahaan waa [[Beeraha|beeralay]]. Gobolku waa mid ka mid ah gobolada ugu muhiimsan beeraha ee Ghana. Waxa kale oo uu leeyahay kaydka ugu weyn ee birta.{{clear left}}

==Demographics==
Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu ka kooban yahay qayb badan oo ka mid ah dhulalka [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]], iyo [[Luuqadda Dagbani|Dagbani]] waa luuqadda loogu hadal badan yahay,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Learn Dagbanli (Dagbanli Bɔhimbu) → What Is The Dagbanli Language? - Learn Dagbanli {{!}} Learn Dagbani |url=https://learndagbani.org/course/learn-dagbani/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo ay weheliso [[Luuqadda Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]]. Dagbani waxay ka tirsan tahay hoos-qaybta [[Luuqadaha Oti–Volta|Oti-Volta]] ee [[Luuqadaha Niger-Congo|qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo]]. Luuqadaha kale ee lagaga hadlo gobolka waxaa ka mid ah Likpakpaln iyo Nawuri.

== Ganacsiga ==
[[File:Night View of Tamale Street in Northern Ghana 01.png|thumb|Muuqaalka habeenkii ee magaalada Tamale, Ghana.]]

Gobolku waa goob loo dalxiis tago maalgashiga ee Ghana, iyadoo Tamale horey loogu qiimeeyay magaalada ugu koritaanka dheereeya ee Galbeedka Afrika, iyada oo la kulantay koritaan baaxad leh marka loo eego magaalooyinka kale ee Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamale is the fastest growing city in West Africa - Tamale in Ghana |url=https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/tamale/84.php |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=independent-travellers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goobta gobolka iyo u dhawaanshaha weyn ee Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Afrika, marka loo eego Accra, waxay ka dhigaysaa meel soo jiidasho leh oo loogu talagalay maalgashadayaasha. Kaydka birta ee ugu weyn Ghana, oo lagu qiyaasay in ka badan saddex bilyan oo tan,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=N/R: Over 1.7bn tonnes of iron ore discovered in Yendi Municipality- Majority Leader |url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/n-r-over-1-7bn-tonnes-of-iron-ore-discovered-in-yendi-municipality-majority-leader.html |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Prime News Ghana |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ka dhigaysaa gobolka meel ku habboon maalgashiga birta iyo birta.

==Dalxiiska==

* Naa Gbewaa Palace, Yendi
* Hamamat Shea Butter Village
* Tamale Center for Culture and Arts
* Savanna Centre for Contemporary Art
* Red Clay Studios
* Nkrumah Volini
* Nuku Studios
* Saakpuli Slave wells
* Diarre Napagaduungbanani
* Naa Binbegu Boabab Tree, Yendi
* Buntaga Irrigation Dam
* Sabali (River Oti)
* Nawuni River (White Volta)
* Deutsch Cemetery at Yendi
* Adibo dalila war zones, Adibo

=== Diinta ===
Qiyaastii saddex ka mid ah shan qof oo ku nool gobolka Waqooyi ayaa xiriir la leh Islaamka (60.0%).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf |title=Table 4.17: Population by religious affiliation and region, 2010 |access-date=2018-07-17 |archive-date=2018-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712212518/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear left}}

==Degmooyin==
[[Image:Districts of the Northern Region (2018).png|thumb|right|300px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi]]
Gobolka Waqooyi ee Ghana wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 degmo. 11 waa degmooyin caadi ah marka lagu daro 1 degmo oo magaalo madax ah iyo 4 degmo oo magaalooyin ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Northern|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6|publisher=GhanaDistricts.com|access-date=15 January 2013|archive-date=18 Bisha Koobaad 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118104026/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta, Magaalo ama Gole Magaalo, waxaa ku yaal magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi
|-
! #
! Degmo
! Caasimad
! Dadka
|-
! 1
| [[Gushegu District|Gushegu]]
| [[Gushegu]]
|
|-
! 2
| [[Karaga District|Karaga]]
| [[Karaga, Ghana|Karaga]]
|
|-
! 3
| [[Kpandai District|Kpandai]]
| [[Kpandae|Kpandai]]
| 108,816
|-
! 4
| [[Kumbungu District|Kumbungu]]
| [[Kumbungu]]
|
|-
! 5
| [[Mion District|Mion]]
| [[Sang, Northern Region|Sang]]
|
|-
! 6
| [[Nanton District|Nanton]]
| [[Nanton, Ghana|Nanton]]
|
|-
! 7
 
| [[Nanumba North District|Nanumba North]]
| [[Bimbilla]]
|
|-
! 8
| [[Nanumba South District|Nanumba South]]
| [[Wulensi]]
|
|-
! 9
| [[Saboba District|Saboba]]
| [[Saboba]]
|
|-
! 10
| [[Sagnarigu Municipal District|Sagnarigu]] 
| [[Sagnerigu]]
|
|-
! 11
| [[Savelugu Municipal District|Savelugu]]
| [[Savelugu]]
|
|-
! 12
| [[Tamale Metropolitan District|Tamale Metropolitan]]
| [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]
|
|-
! 13
| [[Tatale Sangule District|Tatale Sangule]]
| [[Tatale]]
|
|-
! 14
| [[Tolon District|Tolon]]
| [[Tolon, Ghana|Tolon]]
|
|-
! 15
| [[Yendi Municipal District]]
| [[Yendi]]
|
|-
! 16
| [[Zabzugu District|Zabzugu]]
| [[Zabzugu]]
|
|-
|}{{clear}}

== Goobaha caafimaadka ==
[[File:Tamale Teaching Hospital 3.jpg|right|thumb|Isbitaalka Waxbarashada Tamale, isbitaalka saddexaad ee ugu weyn Ghana.]]

Isbitaallada Gobolka Waqooyi:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=HEALTH FACILITIES IN NORTHERN REGION IN SHAMBLES...Tamale Hospital worst affected|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/191347/health-facilities-in-northern-region-in-shambles.html|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Isbitaalka Waxbarashada Tamale
* Isbitaalka Tamale Central West
* Isbitaalka Tamale West
* Isbitaalka SDA
* Isbitaalka Degmada Yendi
* Isbitaalka Degmada Savelugu
* Isbitaalka Degmada Bimbilla
* Isbitaalka Degmada Kumbungu
* Isbitaalka Degmada Gusheigu

== Gaarsiinta Daryeelka Caafimaadka ==
Degmooyinka khatarta sare leh ee suunka woqooyi ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay leeyihiin daldoolo muuqda oo dhanka caymiska caafimaadka ah oo ay sababto arrimo bulsho-dhaqaale oo maxalli ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ghanem |first=V. G. |date=2026 |title=Spatial and Machine Learning Analysis of District-Level Health Insurance Inequities in Ghana |journal=Cureus |volume=18 |issue=1 |article-number=e101984 |doi=10.7759/cureus.101984 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Muwaadiniin caan ah==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
|+Qaar ka mid ah muwaadiniin caan ah oo u dhashay Gobolka Waqooyi, [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]]
|-
! #
! Muwaadin
! Degsiimo
|-
! scope=row | 1
| [[Aliu Mahama]]
| [[Yendi]]
|-
! scope=row | 2
| [[Wakaso]]
| [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]

|-
! scope=row | 3
| [[Abdul Majeed Waris|Majeed Waris]]
| [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]

|-
! scope=row | 4
| [[Haruna Iddrisu]]
| [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]
|-
! scope=row | 5
| [[Muhammad Mumuni]]
| [[Kumbungu]]

|-
! scope=row | 6
| [[Ramatu Baba]]
| [[Yendi]]

|-
! scope=row | 7
| [[Abubakari Sadiq NAM]]
| [[Yendi]]
|-
!8
|Sheikh Ibrahim Basha
|Tamale
|-
!9
|Sheikh Sa-eed Abubakar
|Tamale
|-
!10
|[[Hajia Samata Gifty Bukari]]
|[[Yendi]]
|-
!11
|[[Ibrahim Mahama (artist)|Ibrahim Mahama]]
|Tamale
|}
==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

* {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}}
* [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com]

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com – Gobolka Waqooyi]</text>
      <sha1>dkxj3ez7jsssg9yezj7jckpc4noymk8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Gobolka Oti</title>
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      <text bytes="15976" sha1="81jl896gqfsr1qqsuczqwf9uolfo0lw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gobolka Oti
| native_name        = Région d'Oti&lt;br&gt;Oti Nutome
| type               = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline      = Hiking at Kyabobo National Park.jpg
| image_caption      = Beerta Qaranka ee Kyabobo oo u dhow xadka Togo
| image_map          = Oti in Ghana 2018.svg
| mapsize            = 150px
| map_caption        = Goobta Gobolka Oti ee Ghana
| image_map1         = 
| map_caption1       = 
| image_flag         = 
| flag_size          = 
| flag_link          = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| leader_title       = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name        = [[John Kwadwo Gyapong]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/akufo-addo-sacks-13-minister-see-list.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Reshuffle: See list of ministers sacked by President Akufo-Addo and those replacing them – Graphic Online|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1      = &lt;!-- Xubnaha Baarlamaanka --&gt;
| leader_name1       = 
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Dambai]]
| area_total_km2     = 11,066
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_rank          = 
| population_total   = 747,248&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTc2ODIyNTE2NS4yMjU1&amp;&amp;Oti&amp;regid=12|title=Ghana Statistical Services|access-date=2026-07-13|archive-date=2021-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113201431/https://www.statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTc2ODIyNTE2NS4yMjU1&amp;&amp;Oti&amp;regid=12|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank    = 
| population_density_km2 = 67
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| demographics_type1 = 
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = 
| demographics1_info1 = 
| demographics1_title2 = 
| demographics1_info2 = 
| demographics_type2 = 
| demographics2_title1 = 
| demographics2_info1 = 
| demographics2_title2 = 
| demographics2_info2 = 
| blank_name_sec2    = 
| blank_info_sec2    = 
| parts_type         = Degmooyin
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 9&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTUzMDcwMjM4MS44Mzc=&amp;&amp;Volta&amp;regid=10|title=Ghana Statistical Services.|website=statsghana.gov.gh|access-date=2026-07-13|archive-date=2021-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113111203/https://www.statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTUzMDcwMjM4MS44Mzc=&amp;&amp;Volta&amp;regid=10|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-OT]]
| timezone           = [[GMT]]
| area_code          = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|031]]
}}

'''Gobolka Oti''' waa mid ka mid ah lixda gobol ee cusub ee [[Gobolada Ghana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCCE urges protection of water bodies – MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ncce-urges-protection-of-water-bodies/ |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=MyJoyonline. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Know the 16 regional capitals of Ghana|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/new-ghana-map-with-16-regional-capitals.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2021-06-12|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana laga gooyay [[Gobolka Volta]] bishii Diseembar 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Duncan |first1=Jude |title=Referendum: Oti residents okay new region with 99% YES vote |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/12/referendum-oti-residents-okay-new-region-with-99-yes-vote/ |website=Citi News Room |date=28 December 2018 |access-date=6 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ghanaculture.gov.gh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oti Region – National Commission on Culture |url=https://ghanaculture.gov.gh/oti-region/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waxay daba socotay ballanqaadkii ololaha ee [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] si loo abuuro gobollo cusub si maamulka loogu dhoweeyo dadka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-06 |title=‘Creation of Oti Region was to bring governance closer to the people’ - Akufo-Addo |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Creation-of-Oti-Region-was-to-bring-governance-closer-to-the-people-Akufo-Addo-1147508 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolka waxaa la daah-furay 14-kii Maajo 2019 iyadoo [[Dambai]] ay tahay caasimaddiisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ghanaculture.gov.gh&quot; /&gt;

== Taariikh ==
Fulinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobolada waxaa loo dhiibay [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta iyo Horumarinta Gobolada]] oo dhawaan la abuuray&lt;ref name=&quot;yyuiu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Ministerial list out: Akufo-Addo creates new ministries, re-aligns old |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731040155/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=22 June 2017 |publisher=myjoyonline}}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo hoos timaada hoggaanka [[Dan Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]]. Wasaaradda [[Dowladda Ghana]] ayaa loo xilsaaray mas'uuliyadda kormeerka abuurista gobollo cusub ee Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;yyuiu&quot; /&gt; Bishii Maarso 2017, wasaaraddu waxay u dirtay qorshaha abuurista gobolka iyo kuwa kaleba [[Golaha Gobolka (Ghana)|Golaha Gobolka]]. Goluhu wuxuu kulmay in ka badan 36 jeer laga soo bilaabo wakhtigii la soo gudbiyay ilaa Agoosto 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/|title=Council of State met 36 times on new Regions – Nana Otuo Siriboe II|date=2017-08-16|work=GhanaCrusader.com – Latest News in Ghana and Beyond|access-date=2017-12-12|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Heerka ugu dambeeya ee abuurista gobolka waxaa lagu go'aamiyay iyadoo loo marayo [[afti]] ay qaadeen dadka ku nool gobolka cusub.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Creation Of New Region In Your Hands&quot; – President Akufo-Addo To Nayiri – The Presidency, Republic of Ghana |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211071727/http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |archive-date=2017-12-11 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=presidency government of ghana |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Afti ku saabsan gobolada cusub ee Ghana ee 2018|afti la qaaday 27-kii Diseembar 2018]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: Massive YES votes for 6 new regions {{!}} General News 2018-12-28 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Referendum-Massive-YES-votes-for-6-new-regions-711692 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=GhanaWeb.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ayaa ansixisay abuurista Gobolka Oti. Maalintii doorashada, 323,708 oo ka mid ah 366,481 (88.33% ka qaybgalayaasha doorashada) dadka is-diiwaangeliyay ayaa dhiibtay codkooda. Wadarta 319,296 (98.64 boqolkiiba) ayaa u codeeyay Haa halka 2,878 ay u codeeyeen Maya (0.89 boqolkiiba) halka tirada waraaqaha la diiday ay ahayd 951 (0.24 boqolkiiba).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/12/29/all-six-proposed-regions-meet-constitutional-threshold-requirements-ec/|title=All six proposed regions meet constitutional threshold requirements – EC|date=29 December 2018|newspaper=Ghana Business News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Confirmed: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|last=Zurek|first=Kweku|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-12-28 |title=Referendum: 6 new regions get massive 'YES' votes |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/referendum-6-new-regions-get-massive-yes-votes/6l8qds7 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Luuqadaha ==
Gobolka Oti ee Ghana, luuqadaha ugu waaweyn ee lagaga hadlo waxaa ka mid ah Faransiis, Ingiriisi, Akposo, Guan, Twi (lahjad ka mid ah Akan), iyo Ewe, iyadoo luuqado kale sida Dagbani, Dagaare, Konkomba, Kotokoli, Nawdm, Hausa iyo Kabre ay sidoo kale joogaan.

'''[[Luuqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]''': Xubin ka mid ah luuqadaha Romance, dhammaan bulshooyinka gobolkan waxay ku hadlaan luuqadan.

'''[[Luuqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriisi]]''': Xubin ka mid ah luuqadaha Germanic, waa luuqadda rasmiga ah ee Ghana.

'''[[Luuqadaha Guan|Guan]]''': Qabaa'ilka ku hadla Guan waxaa ka mid ah Nawuri, Krachi, Nchumuru/Chonke, Buem, Nkonya, Asante, Akyode, Adele, iyo Ntrubo.

'''[[Dadka Kposo|Akposo ama Ikposo]]''': waa luuqada dadka Akposo, waana luuqada asaliga ah ee dhammaan bulshooyinka Akposo ee Ghana. Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay mid ka mid ah luuqadaha buuraleyda Ghana-Togo.

'''[[Twi]]''' (Akan): Waxay ka kooban tahay lahjadaha Fante iyo Twi, waxaa sidoo kale la aaminsan yahay inay ku hadlaan qayb ka mid ah dadka ah dadka degay ujeedooyin beerasho, ganacsi ama dib-u-dejinta waagii hore gudaha Gobolka Oti.

'''[[Luuqadda Ewe|Ewe]]''': Ewe waxaa ku hadla bulshooyinka ku teedsan harada Volta waxaana ay sidoo kale ku fidsan tahay Togo iyo Benin.

'''[[Luuqadda Dagbani|Dagbani]]''': Xubin ka mid ah kooxda luuqada Oti-Volta, Dagbani waxaa lagaga hadlaa gobolka Oti.

'''[[Luuqadda Dagaare|Dagaare]]''': Waxay ka tirsan tahay laanta woqooyi ee kooxda Western Oti-Volta ee laanta Gur ee qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo.

'''[[Luuqadda Konkomba|Konkomba]]''': Waxay ku hadlaan bulshooyinka ku nool aagga webiga Oti, Konkomba waa luuqad Gur ah oo leh lahjado badan.

'''[[Luuqadda Dangme|Dangme]]''': Luuqad Kwa ah oo ay ku hadlaan dadka Ada, Yilo iyo Manya Klo, S1, Osudoku, Kpone (Kpomi), Gbugblaa (Prampram) iyo Nugo.

'''[[Luuqadda Kusaal|Kusaal]]''': Xubin ka mid ah qoyska luuqada Niger-Congolese, Atlantico-Congolese, Voltaic-Congolese, North, Gur, Gur central, North, Oti-Volta, West, Southeast.

'''[[Luuqadda Nawdm|Nawdm]]''' oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''[[Luuqadda Losso|Losso]]''' oo ay ku hadlaan dadka Nawdba. Nawdm waa luuqad Gur ah oo ka tirsan Togo iyo Ghana. Waxay ka tirsan tahay qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo.

'''[[Luuqadda Tem|Kotokoli]]''': oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Tem,''' waa luuqad Gur ah oo ka tirsan qoyska Niger-Congo, lagagana hadlo Togo, Ghana, Benin, iyo Burkina Faso.

'''[[Luuqadda Kabiye|Kabre]]''': oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Kabiye''' oo ah luuqad Gur (Voltaic) ah oo lagaga hadlo inta badan Togo, Benin iyo Ghana.

'''[[Luuqadda Hausa|Hausa]]:''' waa luuqad Chadic ah '''oo lagaga hadlo inta badan''' qaybaha woqooyi ee Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin iyo Togo.

== Qaybaha maamulka ==
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa Sagaal (9) Degmo iyo Goleyaal (M/DAs) (oo ka kooban 4 Degmo-Magaalo iyo 5 Degmo).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=One District One Factory (1D1F) |url=http://www.1district1factory.gov.gh/list-district?r=11 |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=1district1factory |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229073334/http://www.1district1factory.gov.gh/list-district?r=11 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=OTI Region – Local Government Service |url=https://lgs.gov.gh/oti-region/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta iyo Gole kasta, waxaa maamula Madaxa fulinta, kaas oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:

[[File:Districts of the Oti Region (2018).png|400px|right]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Oti
|-
! #
! Magaca MMDA
! Caasimad
! Nooca MMDA
! Madaxa Fulinta
|-
! 1
| [[Biakoye District|Biakoye]]
| [[Nkonya Ahenkro]]
| Degmo
| Hon. Eric Kwaku Opong
|-
! 2
| [[Jasikan District|Jasikan]]
| [[Jasikan]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| Hon. 
|-
! 3
| [[Kadjebi District|Kadjebi]]
| [[Kadjebi]]
| Degmo
| Hon. Dr. Sam Suraj Issaka
|-
! 4
| [[Krachi East Municipal District|Krachi East]]
| '''[[Dambai]]'''
| Degmo-Magaalo
| Hon. Sarfo Nketiah
|-
! 5
| [[Krachi Nchumuru District|Krachi Nchumuru]]
| [[Chinderi]]
| Degmo
| Hon. Martin Kofi Anato
|-
! 6
| [[Krachi West District|Krachi West]]
| [[Kete Krachi]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| Hon. Prosper Addo
|-
! 7
| [[Nkwanta North District|Nkwanta North]]
| [[Kpassa]]
| Degmo
| Hon. Isaiah Dordoe
|-
! 8
| [[Nkwanta South Municipal District|Nkwanta South]]
| [[Nkwanta]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| Hon. Joseph Antwi
|-
! 9
| [[Guan District|Guan]]
| [[Likpe-Mate]]
| Degmo
| Hon. Godfred Kofi
|}

== Juquraafi iyo cimilada ==

=== Goobta iyo bedka ===
Gobolka Oti wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay dhanka woqooyi [[Gobolka Waqooyi, Ghana|Gobolka Waqooyi]], dhanka koonfureed Gobolka Volta, iyo dhanka galbeed Harada Volta. Waxay leedahay 9 degmo.

=== Cimilada iyo dhirta ===
Gobolka Oti wuxuu aad uga qallalan yahay inta kale ee aagagga koonfureed ee Ghana, sababtoo ah u dhawaanshaha woqooyi. Dhirtu waxay ka kooban tahay inta badan daaqsin, gaar ahaan [[savanna]] oo leh kooxo geedo u adkaysta abaarta sida [[Adansonia digitata|baobabs]] ama [[acacia]]s. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga abaaraha]]. [[Xilliga roobabka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa qiyaastii Maajo iyo Nofeembar oo leh celcelis roobab sanadle ah oo dhan 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inches). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa dhamaadka xilliga abaaraha, kan ugu hooseeya Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaada Saxaraha ayaa afuufa inta badan inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 14 °C (59 °F) habeenkii iyo 40 °C (104 °F) inta lagu jiro maalintii.{{clear left}}

=== Awoodda kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ===
Hay'adda Sahaminta Juqraafiyeed ee Ghana ayaa ka heshay tiro badan oo kaydka birta ah (iron ore) meel lagu magacaabo Akokrowa, oo ah bulsho beeralay ah oo ku taal Gobolka Oti ee Ghana. Birta, marka loo eego baaritaanka juqraafiyeed, waa 55.22 boqolkiiba miisaanka (Fe) waana heer sare. Waxaa la filayaa in sahaminta iyo ganacsiga birta ay abuuri doonaan shaqooyin iyo hanti dadka Oti iyo dalka guud ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://accramining.net/ghanas-iron-ore-potential-and-the-new-find-in-the-oti-region/|title=Ghana’s Iron Ore Potential and the New Find In the Oti Region: &quot;We Need To Manage Expectations&quot; – HENRY ANTWI|date=15 December 2021|website=AMN-News, Accra Mining Network|access-date=18 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska iyo beeraha ==
* [[Kyabobo National Park]]:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pocu |first=Kojo |date=2023-08-18 |title=Kyabobo National Park – Tourist site in Oti Region |url=https://mrpocu.com/kyabobo-national-park-tourist-site-in-oti-region/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Mr. Pocu Blog |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaydka waxaa ku yaal Nkwanta, oo ku yaal Degmada Nkwanta South ee aagga, inta u dhaxaysa Savannah iyo kaynta roobka kulaylaha. Kaydka waxaa la aasaasay 1993 iyadoo ujeedadu tahay ilaalinta duurjoogta iyo noocyada kale ee xayawaanka khatarta ah inta lagu guda jiro iyaga oo siinaya meel raaxo leh oo ay ku noolaadaan meel ka fog khatarta iyo hawlaha bini'aadamka. Xuduudaha beertu waxay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, la beddelay dhowr jeer tan iyo markaas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* [[Harada Volta]]
* Buurta Naaska (Breast Mountain), Chilinga
* Kaydka kaynta Chaiso
* [[Tuulada laalaada, Shiare]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=khophi |date=2021-05-26 |title=&quot;The Hanging Village&quot; – Shiare |url=https://experienceafrica.today/the-hanging-village-shiare/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Experience Africa Today |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}


{{coord|7|54|N|0|18|E|display=title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}}

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    <title>Gobolka Bariga Sare</title>
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      <text bytes="16946" sha1="5avma6amc93rxkmjv9n2t9uxd4tz02a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gobolka Bariga Sare, [[Boqortooyada Dagbon|Dagbon]]
| official_name      = 
| type               = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline      = Rocks in the Tongo Hills, Gorogo, Upper East Region, Ghana.JPG
| image_caption      = Dhagax-abuurka Tongo Hills oo u dhow Gorogo
| image_map          = Upper East in Ghana 2018.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Goobta Gobolka Bariga Sare ee Ghana
| image_map1         = 
| map_caption1       = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| leader_title       = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name        = [[Akamugri Donatus Atanga]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers |title=Regional Ministers |access-date=2019-07-12 |archive-date=2012-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103194849/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Bolgatanga]]
| area_total_km2     = 8,842
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=8&amp;sa=102 |title=Upper East Region |access-date=2010-10-15 |publisher=Ghanadistricts.com |archive-date=2011-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711092549/http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=8&amp;sa=102 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank          = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 9-aad]]
| population_total   = 1,301,226
| population_as_of   = 2021 Tirakoob
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Upper East Region Population&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|title=Upper East Region – Population|access-date=2013-01-20|publisher=statsghana.gov.gh|archive-date=2013-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925192147/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank    = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 9-aad]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Sannad
| demographics1_info1 = 2013
| demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics1_info2 = $5,150
| demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1 = Sannad
| demographics2_info1 = 2013
| demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics2_info2 = $2,500
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}}
| blank_info_sec2    = 0.520&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|8-aad]]
| parts_type         = Degmooyin
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 15
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-UE]]
| timezone           = [[GMT]]
| area_code          = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|039]]
}}

'''Gobolka Bariga Sare''' wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta woqooyi ee [[Ghana]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=Upper East Region: Group pushes for sex education to reduce teenage pregnancies|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/upper-east-region-group-pushes-for-sex-education-to-reduce-teenage-pregnancies/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; waana gobolka saddexaad ee ugu yar 16-ka gobol ee maamul ee Ghana. In kasta oo uu le'eg yahay cabbirkiisa marka loo eego, gobolku wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay hidaha dhaqanka iyo sheekada taariikhiga ah ee qaranka. Waxa uu ku fadhiyaa bed dhan 8,842 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, sidaas awgeed wuxuu ka kooban yahay 2.7% oo ka mid ah guud ahaan bedka dhulka Ghana. Caasimadda gobolka waa [[Bolgatanga]], oo mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan Bolga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=The cultural centre in Bolga |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/the-cultural-centre-in-bolga.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2025-11-18 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahama's SpeakOut train hits Bolgatanga - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/mahamas-speakout-train-hits-bolgatanga/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa xarun weyn oo wax soo saar iyo iibin dambiilo si heer sare ah loo tolay, alaabta maqaarka, iyo farsamada gacanta ee cawska. Bolga waxay u adeegtaa sidii xarunta maamulka iyo ganacsiga ee gobolka. Magaalooyinka kale ee waaweyn ee gobolka waxaa ka mid ah [[Navrongo]], [[Paga]], [[Sandema]], [[Bawku]], [[Zebilla]], [[Degmada Tempane|Tempane]], [[Degmada Pusiga|Pusiga]], [[Degmada Garu-Tempane|Garu]], Googo, Pwalugu, iyo Widana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Directory of Cities and Towns in Upper East |url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GH/10/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=www.fallingrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juquraafi==

===Goobta iyo bedka===
Gobolka Bariga Sare wuxuu ku yaallaa geeska [[woqooyi-bari]] ee Ghana waxaana xuduud la leh [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka woqooyi iyo [[Togo]] dhanka bari. Wuxuu u dhexeeyaa dhigaha 0° iyo 1° Galbeed iyo loolka 10° 30′N iyo 11°N. Gobolku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka woqooyi, [[Togo]] dhanka bari, [[Gobolka Galbeedka Sare]] dhanka galbeed, iyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]] dhanka koonfureed. Gobolka Bariga Sare wuxuu u qaybsamaa 15 degmo, mid kasta waxaa hoggaamiya madaxa fulinta degmada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Upper East - National Road Safety Authority |url=https://nrsa.gov.gh/about-us/upper-east/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=nrsa.gov.gh |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216085503/https://www.nrsa.gov.gh/about-us/upper-east/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Nerve Centre :: Asaase Radio |url=https://elections.asaaseradio.com/2012/upper-east |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=elections.asaaseradio.com }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muuqaalka gobolka waxaa inta badan lagu gartaa jiirar jilicsan oo lagu daray [[dhagax-baxyo]] iyo [[buuraley]] iyo dhagaxyada waaweyn ee Gambaga Scarp [[Bolgatanga|2]]. Juquraafiyaddan waa qayb ka mid ah nidaamka deegaanka Sudanian Savanna, oo leh geedo dhif ah oo u adkaysta abaarta sida baobabs, acacias, iyo geedaha shea. Cimilada [[Bolgatanga|Bariga Sare]] waa kulul tahay oo [[Cimilada qallalan-xigeen|qallalan-xigeen]] ah, oo leh hal xilli roobaad oo aan la saadaalin karin inta u dhaxaysa Maajo iyo Oktoobar. Xilliga abaarta ee dheer, daran [[Bolgatanga|(Nofeembar ilaa Abriil)]] ayaa gobolka ka dhigaya mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu nugul isbeddelka cimilada ee Ghana.

==Dalxiiska==

===Goobaha madadaalada===
*[[Tongo Hills]]
*Bongo Rocks
*[[Tono Dam (Ghana)|Tono Dam]]

===Goobaha taariikhiga ah===

*Kaniisadda Navrongo ee dhoobada laga dhisay
*[[Xeryaha addoonta ee Pikworo]]
*[[Naa Gbewa Shrine in PUSIGA]]

===Dabaaldegyo===
Gobolku wuxuu martigeliyaa dabaaldegyo badan sanadka oo dhan, kuwaas oo intooda badan loogu talagalay in lagu keeno xilli beerasho wanaagsan ama loo dabaaldego goosashada.
*[[Dabaaldegga Samanpiid]]
*[[Dabaaldegga Gologo]]
*[[Dabaaldegga Fao]]
*[[Dabaaldegga Fiok]]
*[[Dabaaldegga Kuure]], Zaare
*[[Dabaaldegga Feok]]
*Zekula festival oo ay leeyihiin dadka Bissa
*[[Dabaaldegga Boaram]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Festivals in the Upper East Region - Ghana Embassy Berlin |url=http://www.ghanaemberlin.de/en/tourism/festivals/festivals-in-the-upper-east-region/index.html |access-date=19 April 2018 |website=Ghanaemberlin Germany |archive-date=28 Bisha Afraad 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428214631/http://www.ghanaemberlin.de/en/tourism/festivals/festivals-in-the-upper-east-region/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dabaaldegga Tengana]] oo ay leeyihiin dadka Balungu, Winkongo iyo Pwalugu
* [[Dabaaldegga Ndaakoya]] oo ay leeyihiin bulshooyinka ku hadla Frafra, Talensi, iyo Nabdam.

===Goobaha kale ee soo jiidashada dalxiiska===
* [[Matxafka Gobolka Bariga Sare]]
* [[Sirigu (Ghana)|Sirigu]] Xarunta Farshaxanka iyo Dhoobada
* Suuqa Bolga: suuq beeraleyda iyo xoolaha, oo la qabto laba jeer toddobaadkii.
*Bolgatanga Craft Village
*[[Barkadda Yaxaaska ee Paga]]
*Tongo Hills iyo Tenzug Shrines

==Dadka==

===Tirada dadka===
[[Xarunta dadweynaha]] ee Gobolka Bariga Sare waxay ku taal caasimaddeeda [[Bolgatanga]], taas oo u adeegta xarunta koowaad ee ganacsiga, maamulka, iyo adeegyada, taas oo si dabiici ah u soo jiidata dad badan oo ka kala yimid meelaha ku hareeraysan.

Dadku waxay u badan yihiin reer miyi. Iyadoo 79% dadkeedu ay ku nool yihiin miyi, waxay haysataa kala soocidda inay tahay gobolka ugu yar ee Ghana ee magaaloobay.

Iyadoo 21% dadka ay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka, gobolku waa kan ugu yar ee magaaloobay Ghana. Dhab ahaantii, iyada oo ay weheliso [[Gobolka Galbeedka Sare|Galbeedka Sare]], iyagu waa labada gobol ee leh in ka badan 20% [[dadka magaalooyinka]].

[[Muwaadiniinta]] Ghana ee dhalasho ahaan, carruurnimada, ama waalidnimada waxay ka kooban yihiin 92.5% dadka gobolka Bariga Sare. Muwaadiniinta Ghana ee dhalashada leh waxay ka kooban yihiin 5.3%.

Gobolka Bariga Sare wuxuu leeyahay wadar dhan 1,301,221 oo qof, sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka Dadka iyo Guryaha (PHC) ee 2021 oo ay samaysay Hay'adda Tirakoobka Ghana, taas oo muujinaysa in Gobolka Bariga Sare uu ka kooban yahay 4.2% dadka Ghana.

Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay wadar dhan 631,963 rag ah iyo 669,963 dumar ah, kuwaas oo matalaya 48.5 iyo 51.5% dadweynaha, siday u kala horreeyaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-22 |title=2021 PHC results: Upper East constitutes 4.2% of Ghana's population - A1 Radio Bolgatanga |url=https://www.a1radioonline.com/43532/2021-phc-results-upper-east-constitutes-4-2-of-ghanas-population/index.html |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=Radionline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Gaadiidka==
Saddex [[shabakada wadooyinka Ghana|wadooyinka qaranka—]][[Wadada N2 (Ghana)|N2]], [[Wadada N10 (Ghana)|N10]], iyo [[Wadada N11 (Ghana)|N11]]—iyo dhawr wadooyin goboleed, sida R113, R114, R116, iyo R181, ayaa u adeega gobolka.

[[Shabakada Wadooyinka Ghana|N10]] waxay ka bilaabataa [[Yamoransa|Yemoransa]] ee [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]] waxayna ku xidhaa [[Kumasi]] ee [[Gobolka Ashanti]] waxayna ku dhammaataa Paga ee Gobolka Bariga Sare. Caasimadda qaranka [[Accra]] sidoo kale waxay ku xidhan tahay gobolka [[Shabakada Wadooyinka Ghana|N2]], oo ku dhammaata [[Kulungugu]] ee Gobolka Bariga Sare. Labadan wado ee qaran waxay ku xidhan yihiin [[Shabakada Wadooyinka Ghana|N11]], oo ku xidha caasimadda gobolka [[Bolgatanga]] iyo Bimpiela, oo sidoo kale gobolka ku taal.

==Qaybaha maamulka==
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 15 MMDAs (oo ka kooban 0 degmo-magaalo, 4 [[Degmo-Magaalo|Degmooyin]] iyo 15 degmo caadi ah).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Upper East |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=8 |access-date=15 January 2013 |website=GhanaDistricts }}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta, Degmo-Magaalo, ama Gole, waxaa maamula Madaxa fulinta, kaas oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:

[[Image:Districts of the Upper East Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Khariidadii hore ee Degmooyinka Gobolka Bariga Sare (2016)]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Bariga Sare
|-
! #
! Magaca MMDA
! Caasimad
! Nooca MMDA
! Dadka
|-
! 1
| [[Degmada Bawku Municipal|Bawku]]
| [[Bawku]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 
|-
! 2
| [[Degmada Bawku West|Bawku West]]
| [[Zebilla]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 3
| [[Degmada Binduri|Binduri]]
| [[Binduri]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - A repository of all districts in the republic of Ghana |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?news&amp;r=8&amp;_=222 |website=GhanaDistricts.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 4
| [[Degmada Bolgatanga Municipal|Bolgatanga]]
| '''[[Bolgatanga]]'''
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 
|-
! 5 
| [[Degmada Bolgatanga East|Bolgatanga East]]
| [[Zuarungu]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 6
| [[Degmada Bongo|Bongo]]
| [[Bongo, Ghana|Bongo]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 7
| [[Degmada Builsa North Municipal|Builsa North]]
| [[Sandema]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 
|-
! 8
| [[Degmada Builsa South|Builsa South]]
| [[Fumbisi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - A repository of all districts in the republic of Ghana |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?news&amp;r=8&amp;_=223 |website=GhanaDistricts.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 9
| [[Degmada Garu|Garu]]
| [[Garu, Ghana|Garu]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 10
| [[Degmada Kassena-Nankana Municipal|Kassena Nankana East]]
| [[Navrongo]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 
|-
! 11
| [[Degmada Kassena Nankana West|Kassena-Nankana West]]
| [[Paga]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 12
| [[Degmada Nabdam|Nabdam]]
| [[Nangodi, Ghana|Nangodi]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 13
| [[Degmada Pusiga|Pusiga]]
| [[Pusiga]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - A repository of all districts in the republic of Ghana |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?news&amp;r=8&amp;_=221 |website=GhanaDistricts.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 14
| [[Degmada Talensi|Talensi]]
| [[Tongo, Ghana|Tongo]]
| Caadi
| 
|-
! 15
| [[Degmada Tempane|Tempane]]
| [[Tempane]]
| Caadi
| 
|}{{clear}}

==Waxbarashada==

===Dugsiyada sare ee sare===
{{Main|Waxbarashada Ghana}}
*Azeem-Namoo Senior High School
*Awe Senior High/Tech School
*Bolga Girls Senior High School
*[[Bawku Senior High/Tech School]]
*[[Bolgatanga Senior High School]]
*[[Binduri Community SHS]]
*Bongo Senior High School
*[[Chiana Senior High School]]
*[[Fumbisi Senior High School]]
*Gowrie Senior High Tech School
*Gambigo Day Community SHS
*Garu Day Community SHS
*Kongo Senior High School
*Kusanaba Senior High School
*[[Navrongo Senior High School]]
*Nabango Senior High 
*Notre Dame Sem/ Senior High School
*Mirigu Community Day SHS
*[[OLA Girls Senior High School (Ho)|O. L. L. Girls Senior High School]]
*Paga Senior High School 
*Queen Of Peace Senior High School
*Sandema Senior High/Tech School
*Sandema Senior High School
*[[Sapelliga Community SHS]]
*Sirigu Senior High School
*St John's Integrated Senior High/Tech
*Tempane Senior High School
*Zamse Senior High/Tech School
*[[Zebilla Senior High/Tech School]]
*Zorkor Senior High School 
*St John's Integrated SHTS
*[[Zuarungu Senior High School]]
* Bawku Senior High School
*[[Bawku Technical School]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senior High Schools in Upper East Region of Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/regions/upper-east |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Machadyada Waxbarashada Sare===

* [[Bolgatanga Technical University]]
* [[St. John Bosco's College of Education]]
* [[Gbewaa College of Education]], Pusiga 
* [https://utas.edu.gh/  University of Technology &amp; Applied Sciences]
*Navrongo Community Nursing Training College
* Regentropfen University College (ReCAS), Bongo
* Bolgatanga Nursing and Midwifery Training College
*Zuarungu Nursing &amp; Midwifery Training College
* Bawku Nursing Training College

==Isboortiga==

* [[Bolgatanga Manchester City F.C.]]
* Bolga F.C
*Bawku Royals FC
*Bawku Real United
*Bawku United Stars

==Muwaadiniin caan ah==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! colspan=3 | Muwaadiniin caan ah oo u dhashay gobolka Bariga Sare
|-
! #
! Muwaadin
! Degsiimo
|-
! 1
| [[Joseph Kofi Adda]]
| [[Navrongo]]
|-
! 2
| [[Roland Agambire]]
| [[Sirigu (Ghana)|Sirigu]]
|-
! 3
|Roger A. Agana
|[[Soe (Ghana)|Soe]]
|-
! 4
|[[David Atanga]]
|Namoo
|-
!5
|[[Theresa Lardi Awuni]]
|Winkongo
|-
! 6
| [[Adam Kwarasey]]
| [[Navrongo]]
|-
! 7
| [[Abedi Pele]]
| [[Paga]]
|-
!8
| [[Mark Woyongo]]
| [[Navrongo]]
|-
!9
| [[Hawa Yakubu]] 
| [[Pusiga]]
|-
! 10
| [[Stephen Yakubu]]
| [[Degmada Binduri|Binduri]]
|-
!11
| [[Adabere Adabre Donald]]
| [[Bolgatanga]]
|-
!12
| [[John Akparibo Ndebugre]]
| [[Bawku]]
|-
!13
| [[Cletus Apul Avoka]]
| [[Bawku]]
|-
!14
| [[Mahama Ayariga]]
| [[Bawku]]
|-
!15
| [[Awini Emmanuel Ayonde]]
| [[Bawku]]
|-
!16
| [[Laadi Ayi Ayamga]]
| [[Pusiga]]
|-
!17
| [[Rev.Professor John Azumah|Rev. Professor John Azumah]]
| [[Bawku]]
|-
!18
| [[Simon Atingban Akunye]]
| [[Pusiga]]
|-
!18
| [[Dr.Kingley Akurugu]]
| [[Bawku]]
|-
!19
|[[Dominic Akuritinga Ayine]]
|[[Zuarungu]]
|-
!20
|Eastwood Anaba
|[[Bolgatanga]]
|-
!21
|[[Akuka Dickson Atule]]
|[[Zebilla]]
|}

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Isha==
* {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}}
* [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com]
* [http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/cen_surv.html Hay'adda Tirakoobka Ghana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/cen_surv.html |date=20201203125108 }}


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      <text bytes="12463" sha1="31hwa5lupn8onrbu2ahdbqfhr46pbwa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Gobolka Galbeedka Sare
| official_name                   = 
| type                            = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline                   = Our building structures.jpg
| image_map                       = Ghana - Upper West.svg
| mapsize                         = 150px
| map_caption                     = Goobta Gobolka Galbeedka Sare ee Ghana
| image_map1                      = 
| map_caption1                    = 
| subdivision_type               = Waddan
| subdivision_name               = [[Ghana]]
| leader_title                    = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name                     = [[Charles Lwanga Puozuing]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers |url-status=dead |title=Regional Ministers |access-date=2026-07-13 |archive-date=2012-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103194849/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-work-to-start-on-670-km-feeder-roads-in-upper-west.html |location=Accra, Ghana|title=Work to start on 670-km feeder roads in Upper West - Graphic Online|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1                   = 
| leader_name1                    = 
| seat_type                       = Caasimad
| seat                            = [[Wa, Ghana|Wa]]
| area_total_km2                  = 18476
| area_footnotes                  = &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghanadistricts.com - Upper West Region&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=9 |title=Upper West Region |access-date=2009-11-20 |publisher=GhanaDistricts.com |archive-date=2010-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211155843/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=9 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank                       = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 7-aad]]
| population_total                = 901,502
| population_as_of                = 2021 tirakoob
| population_footnotes            = &lt;ref name=&quot;Upper West Region Population&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTUwNDMxMDk2MS40NjA1&amp;&amp;Upper%20West&amp;regid=9|title=Ghana Statistical Services - Population by Regions, Upper West|access-date=2021-02-01|publisher=statsghana.gov.gh|archive-date=2022-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130161507/https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTUwNDMxMDk2MS40NjA1&amp;&amp;Upper%20West&amp;regid=9|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank                 = 
| population_density_km2          = auto
| demographics_type1              = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes         = 
| demographics1_title1            = Sannad
| demographics1_info1             = 2013
| demographics1_title2            = Qofkiiba
| demographics1_info2             = $5,150
| demographics_type2              = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1            = Sannad
| demographics2_info1             = 2013
| demographics2_title2            = Qofkiiba
| demographics2_info2             = $2,500
| blank_name_sec2                 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}}
| blank_info_sec2                 = 0.518&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|9-aad]]
| parts_type                      = Degmooyin
| parts_style                     = para
| p1                              = 11
| iso_code                        = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-UW]]
| timezone                        = [[GMT]]
| area_code                       = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|039]]
}}
'''Gobolka Galbeedka Sare''' waa gobol ka tirsan [[Ghana]] oo ku yaalla geeska woqooyi-galbeed ee dalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Boakye|first=Edna Agnes|date=2021-05-21|title=Sissala West MP laments exclusion of Sissala areas from EU-funded road projects|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/sissala-west-mp-laments-exclusion-of-sissala-areas-from-eu-funded-road-projects/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxa xuduud la leh [[Gobolka Bariga Sare]] dhanka bari, [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]] dhanka koonfureed, iyo gobolada [[Centre-Ouest]] iyo [[Sud-Ouest]] ee [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka galbeed iyo woqooyi. Caasimadda gobolka Galbeedka Sare iyo [[degsiimo|goobta]] ugu weyn waa [[Wa, Ghana|Wa]].

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Wa Naa Palace 15.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Wa Naa]]
Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waxaa abuuray madaxweynihii xilligaas, [[Jerry Rawlings]] sanadkii 1983-kii iyadoo la raacayo taliskii militari ee [[Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Difaaca Qaranka]] (PNDC). Deegaanka waxaa laga gooyay gobolkii hore ee Upper Region, kaas oo hadda ah Gobolka Bariga Sare. Muddo soddon iyo shan sano ah, waxa uu ahaa gobolkii ugu da'da yaraa Ghana ilaa 2018 markii lix gobol oo kale uu abuuray xukuumaddii [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo]]; sidaas darteed waxaa tirada guud ee gobolada maamul ee dalka ay gaadhay lix iyo toban.

== Qabaa'ilka ==
Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waxaa ku nool inta badan saddex qabiil oo waaweyn: Wala, Dagaba iyo Sisaala. Dadka Wala waxaa laga helaa Wa iyo tuulooyinka u dhow, qaybta galbeed ee gobolka waxaa degan Dagaba, dadka Sisaala waxay ku nool yihiin meelaha bariga. Dadka Wala waa inta badan Muslimiin halka Sisaala iyo Dagaba ay yihiin inta badan Masiixiyiin ama dhaqan-raac. Dadka Wala waxay ku hadlaan Waali, Dagabana waxay ku hadlaan afka Dagaare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Golaha Dhaqanka ==
Wa waxay leedahay Gole Odayaal oo loo yaqaan Golaha Dhaqanka ee Waala. Golahani wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr odayaal iyo xubno ay dawladdu magacawday. Hoggaamiyaha hadda ee Gobolka Dhaqanka ee Waala waa Wa Naa Fuseini Pelpuo IV kaas oo sidoo kale labanlaabma hoggaamiyaha Golaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-30 |title=UW: List of Members of Waala Traditional Council Since 2016 |url=https://upperwestmedia.net/2022/09/30/uw-list-of-members-of-waala-traditional-council-since-2016/ |access-date=2025-08-30 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juquraafi iyo cimilo ==

=== Goobta iyo cabbirka ===
Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waa mid ka mid ah 16-ka gobol ee Ghana. Waxay ku taallaa geeska woqooyi-galbeed ee Ghana oo u dhaxaysa loolka 9.8°- 11.O° Woqooyi iyo dhigaha 1.6°- 3.0 Galbeed, oo ay xuduud la leedahay Burkina Faso dhanka Woqooyi. Waxa ay daboolaysaa bed dhan 18,476 kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, taas oo ka dhigan 12.7% wadarta bedka dhulka Ghana.

=== Dalxiiska ===
Sanctuary-ga [[Hippopotamus]] ee Wechiau wuxuu ku yaallaa koonfur-galbeed ee Wa, oo ku taal [[Webiga Black Volta]] ee Degmada Wa West. Darbiga [[Gwollu Defence Wall|Gwollu]] ee [[Degmada Sissala]] wuxuu u adeegaa sidii magaaladii uu ka soo jeeday mid ka mid ah [[Madaxweynaha Ghana|madaxweynayaashii]] hore ee Ghana - Dr. [[Hilla Limann]].&lt;ref&gt;ghanadistricts.com&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cuntada ==
Cuntada ugu muhiimsan ee dadka gobolka Galbeedka Sare waa sao ama Tuo Zaafi oo ku hadla lahjadda maxaliga ah, taas oo inta badan loo soo gaabiyo TZ ama T-Zed af Ingiriisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tuo zaafi {{!}} Traditional Side Dish From Northern Region {{!}} TasteAtlas|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/tuo-zaafi|access-date=2021-10-01|website=www.tasteatlas.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqaalaha ==
Hawsha dhaqaale ee ugu weyn ee Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waa [[beeraha]]. Dalagyada la beero waxaa ka mid ah [[hadhuudh]], [[masago]], [[ laws]], [[okra]], [[geedka shea]], iyo [[bariis]]. [[Ido]], [[riyo]], [[digaag]], [[doofaar]], iyo [[shimbiraha guinea]] ayaa loo koriyo hilibka iyo ukunta. Sababtoo ah xilliga abaarta ee gobolku waa mid dheer, oo u dhexeeya qiyaastii Oktoobar ilaa Maajo, dad badan ayaa ka taga gobolka si ay uga shaqeeyaan qaybta koonfureed ee Ghana ugu yaraan qayb ka mid ah sannadka.

== Isboorti ==
Kubadda kolayga (Unicorns Basketball Team), Kubadda cagta, Tenis, Kubadda laliska.

== Dugsiyada ==
Dugsiyada caanka ah ee gobolka waxaa ka mid ah:

# St. Francis Xavier Junior Seminary
# St. Francis Girls of Assisi
# St. Michael Boys - Nandom
# St. Ignatius of Loyola SHS
# Queen of Peace SHS
# lawra Senior High School
# [[Kanton Senior High School]]
# Wa Senior High School
# Wa Senior High Technical School
# UBIDS oo hore u ahaan jirtay UDS
# Jirapa Nursing Training College
# [[Jahan Training College]]
# [[Wa Technical University]], iwm.

== Qaybaha maamulka ==
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 11 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 0 degmo-magaalo, 5 [[Degmo-Magaalo|Degmooyin]] iyo 6 degmo caadi ah).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Upper West|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/admin/10__upper_west/|access-date=27 May 2021|publisher=citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta, Degmo-Magaalo, ama Gole, waxaa maamula Madaxa fulinta, kaas oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:

[[Image:Districts of the Upper West Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Galbeedka Sare]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Galbeedka Sare
|-
! #
! Magaca MMDA
! Caasimad
! Nooca MMDA
! Dadka
|-
! 1
| [[Degmada Daffiama Bussie Issa|Daffiama-Bussie-Issa]]
| [[Issa, Ghana|Issa]]
| Caadi
| 38,754 (2021)
|-
! 2
| [[Degmada Jirapa Municipal|Jirapa]]
| [[Jirapa]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 106,874
|-
! 3
| [[Degmada Lambussie Karni|Lambussie-Karni]] 
| [[Lambussie]]
| Caadi
| 51,118 (2021)
|-
! 4
| [[Degmada Lawra Municipal|Lawra]]
| [[Lawra]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 58,433
|-
! 5
| [[Degmada Nadowli-Kaleo|Nadowli-Kaleo]]
| [[Nadowli]]
| Caadi
| 77,057 (2021)
|-
! 6
| [[Degmada Nandom Municipal|Nandom]]
| [[Nandom]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 51,328
|-
! 7
| [[Degmada Sissala East Municipal|Sissala East]]
| [[Tumu, Ghana|Tumu]]
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 80,619 (2021)
|-
! 8
| [[Degmada Sissala West|Sissala West]]
| [[Gwollu]]
| Caadi
| 63,828 (2021)
|-
! 9
| [[Degmada Wa East|Wa East]]
| [[Funsi]]
| Caadi
| 91,457 (2021)
|-
! 10
| [[Degmada Wa Municipal|Wa Municipal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Contractors who do shoddy work to pay more for maintenance - Roads Minister warns - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/contractors-who-do-shoddy-work-to-pay-more-for-maintenance-roads-minister-warns/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| '''[[Wa, Ghana|Wa]]'''
| Degmo-Magaalo
| 200,672 (2021)
|-
! 11
| [[Degmada Wa West|Wa West]]
| [[Wechiau]]
| Caadi
| 96,957 (2021)
|-
|}{{clear}}

== Muwaadiniin caan ah ==
Muwaadiniinta caanka ah ee gobolka Galbeedka Sare waxaa ka mid ah:
* Madaxweyne [[Hilla Limann|Dr. Hilla Limann]] oo ka yimid Gwollu
* Cardinal [[Peter Poreku Dery]] oo ka yimid Nandom
* Hon. [[Joseph Yieleh Chireh]] oo ka yimid [[Wa West (Ghana parliament constituency)|Wa West]]
* [[Peter Nanfuri]] oo ka yimid Jirapa
* [[Kwesi Nyantakyi]] oo ka yimid Wa
* [[Samini]] oo ka yimid Wa-Sombo
* [[Wiyaala]] oo ka yimid Funsi
* [[Benjamin Kunbuor]] oo ka yimid Nandom
* Rt. Hon. [[Alban Bagbin|Alban Sumana Kingsford Bagbin]] oo ka yimid Sombo
* [[Ambrose Dery]] oo ka yimid [[Nandom]]
* Chief [[Simon Diedong Dombo]] oo ka yimid Jirapa
* [[Yonny Kulendi|Justice Yonni Kulendi]] oo ka yimid Issa
* [[Abdul-Rashid Pelpuo|Hon. Dr. Rashid Pelpuo]] oo ka yimid Wa

== Dabaaldegyada Gobolka Galbeedka Sare ==
Dabaaldegyada ka dhaca Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waxaa ka mid ah:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-02-24|title=Upper West Region|url=https://touringghana.com/upper-west-region/|access-date=2020-01-28|website=touringghana.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Dabaaldegga Damba]]
*[[Dabaaldegga Dumba]]
*Dabaaldegga Paaragbiele
*[[Dabaaldegga Kobine]]
*Dabaaldegga Kakube
*Dabaaldegga Gologo/Golib
*Dabaaldegga Fao
*Dabaaldegga Kalibi
*Dabaaldegga Samanpiid
*Dabaaldegga Feok
*Dabaaldegga Adaakoya
*Dabaaldegga Kuure
*Dabaaldegga Tengana
*Dabaaldegga Boaram

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons}}
* {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}}
* [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com]


{{coord|10|20|N|2|15|W|region:GH_type:adm1st|display=title}}

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    <title>Gobolka Kigoma</title>
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      <text bytes="13434" sha1="fo5ahje17d4aqugxaxzjwe2gdlolsw7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gobolka Kigoma
| native_name        = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Kigoma}}}}
| nickname           = Gobolka Qorrax-dhaca ee Tanzania
| settlement_type    = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]]
| named_for          = [[Kigoma]]
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
|photo1a                 = Lake shore in Kagongo Ward.jpg
|photo2a                 = Kigoma High Court, Bangwe Ward, Kigoma.jpg
|photo3a                 = Mango Row, Kagera Ward, Kigoma-Ujiji.jpg
|spacing                 = 2
|space                   = 2
|size                    = 225
|position                = center
|color_border            = white
|color                   = white
| foot_montage           = '''Laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos:'''&lt;br /&gt; [[Harada Tanganyika]] oo ku taal Degmada Kagongo, [[Degmada Kigoma]], Maxkamadda Sare ee Kigoma iyo safka geedaha cambaha ee taariikhiga ah ee Ujiji}}
| image_map          = Tanzania Kigoma location map.svg
| map_caption        = Goobta ay ku taal Tanzania
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;| coordinates        = {{coord|4|52|56.64|S|29|39|41.4|E|type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Tanzania}}
| subdivision_type1  = Aag
| subdivision_name1  = Galbeedka
| established_title  = Gobol Maamuleed
| established_date   = 
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Kigoma]]
| parts_type         = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]]
| p1                 = [[Degmada Kigoma-Ujiji]]
| leader_title       = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka
| leader_name        = Thobias Andengenye
| p2                 = [[Degmada Kasulu]]
| p3                 = [[Kasulu|Golaha Magaalada Kasulu]]
| p4                 = [[Degmada Buhigwe]]
| p5                 = [[Degmada Kakonko]]
| p6                 = [[Degmada Kibondo]]
| p7                 = [[Degmada Uvinza]]
| p8                 = [[Degmada Kigoma]]
&lt;!-- square kilometers --&gt;| area_total_km2     = 37,040
| area_rank          = [[Gobolada Tanzania|8 ka mid ah 31]]
| elevation_max_m    = 1,917
| elevation_max_point = Kicherere
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;| population_total   = 2,470,967
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank    = [[Gobolada Tanzania|10 ka mid ah 31]]
| population_demonym = Kigoman
| population_footnotes = {{r|2022_census}}
| demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]]
| demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay
| demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]], [[Carab|Carab]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Kongo]] &amp; [[Burundi]]yiin
| demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay 
| demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Ha|Ha]], [[Dadka Vinza|Vinza]], [[Dadka Tongwe|Tongwe]], [[Dadka Jiji|Jiji]] &amp; [[Dadka Holoholo|Holoholo]]
| timezone1          = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]]
| utc_offset1        = +3
| postal_code_type   = Koodhka boostada
| postal_code        = 47xxx
| area_code          = 028
| iso_code           = TZ-05&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TZ|title= IS0 3166|publisher=ISO|access-date=2022-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021)
| blank_info_sec1    = 0.520&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|19 ka mid ah 25]]
| website            = {{URL|http://kigoma.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}}
| module             = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
|country                 = Tanzania
|mammal                  = [[File:Schimpanse Pan troglodytes Zoo Augsburg-05.jpg|50px|left]][[Daanyeer|Daanyeerka Chimpansiga]]
|bird                    = [[File:Die Vogel Ost-Afrikas. Baron Carl Claus von Deer Decken's Reisen in Ost-Africa. Bd. 4 (1870) (20923923426).jpg|50px|left]] [[Livingstone's turaco]]
|fish                    = [[File:Cyphotilapia frontosa - Karlsruhe Zoo 01.jpg|50px|left]] [[Cyphotilapia frontosa|Frontosa Kigoma]]
|butterfly               = [[File:Large striped swordtail (Graphium antheus) male underside Bobiri.jpg|50px|left]] [[Graphium antheus|Balanbaalis weyn]]
|tree                    = [[File:Zanthoxylum gilletii-Africa Museum (2).jpg|50px|left]] [[East African Satinwood]]
|mineral                 = [[File:Rock salt (halitite) (Klodawa Salt Dome, Zechstein Formation, Upper Permian; Klodawa Salt Mine, central Poland) 1 (15953564096).jpg|50px|left]] [[Halite|Milixda dhagaxa]]
}}
}}

'''Gobolka Kigoma''' ({{langx|sw|Mkoa wa Kigoma}}) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]], iyadoo magaalada [[Kigoma]] ay tahay caasimadda gobolka. Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Gobolka Kagera]], [[Gobolka Geita]], [[Gobolka Katavi]], [[Gobolka Tabora]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Kongo]] iyo [[Burundi]]. Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka qaranka ee 2012, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 2,127,930, taas oo ka sarreysay saadaashii tirakoobka ka horreeyay oo ahayd 1,971,332.&lt;ref name=&quot;2012 Census&quot;&gt;[http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf Qaybinta Dadweynaha ee unugyada maamulka, Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Tanzania, 2013]&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|page 2}} Intii u dhaxaysay 2002–2012, heerka koritaanka dadweynaha ee gobolka oo ahaa 2.4 boqolkiiba sanadkii ayaa ahaa kii 14-aad ee ugu sarreeyay dalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;2012 Census&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page 4}} Waxa kale oo uu ahaa gobolka 16-aad ee ugu dadka badan oo leh 57 qof halkii kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.&lt;ref name=&quot;2012 Census&quot;/&gt;{{rp|page 6}} Iyada oo leh cabbir dhan {{convert|45066|km2|mi2}},&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nbs.go.tz/takwimu/references/Abstract2011.zip Ururinta Tirakoobka 2011, Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Tanzania]&lt;/ref&gt; gobolku wuxuu wax yar ka yar yahay [[Estonia]] ({{convert|45227|km2|mi2}}).

== Juqraafi ==
[[File:Malagarasi River.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Inta badan Gobolka Kigoma oo muujinaya [[Wabiga Malagarasi]].]]

Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu ku yaalaa geeska waqooyi-galbeed ee Tanzania, xeebta bari ee [[Harada Tanganyika]]. Gobolku wuxuu ku yaalaa qiyaastii 5° koonfur iyo 30° bari ee Greenwich waxaana xuduud la leh dhanka waqooyi [[Burundi]] iyo [[Gobolka Kagera]]. Dhanka bari, waxaa xuduud la leh [[Gobolka Geita]] iyo [[Gobolka Tabora]], dhanka koonfurna [[Gobolka Katavi]], iyo dhanka galbeedna [[Harada Tanganyika]], taas oo xuduud la leh [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Economic-profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}} | date=December 1998 | publisher=Guddiga Qorshaynta, Dar es Salaam, iyo Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka, Kigoma | title=Gobolka Kigoma: Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha-Bulshada | page=1 | url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Multiple image
 |align= right
 |direction = vertical
 |width= 220
 |header_align = left/right/center
 |footer_align = left/right/center
 |header_background =
 |footer_background =
 |image1 = Uvinza Salt, Uvinza Ward.jpg
 |caption1 = Milixda Uvinza oo laga qoday [[Degmada Uvinza]].
 |image2 = Nyerere House Marker, Kitongoni Ward, Ujiji.jpg
 |caption2 = Calaamadda guriga [[Julius Nyerere|Nyerere]] ee [[Kitongoni]].
 |image3 = Swahili home, Kigoma Ward.jpg
 |caption3 = Guriga [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] ee Degmada Kigoma.
 |image4 = Kigoma habor from Kibirizi Ward.jpg
 |caption4 = Dekedda Kigoma oo laga arkay [[Kibirizi]]
 |image5 = Lake Tanganyika view, Kigoma Ward.jpg
 |caption5 = [[Harada Tanganyika]] oo laga arkay Degmada Kigoma
}}

Bedka guud ee gobolku waa {{convert|45066|km2}},&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |title=Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Beeraha 2002/03: Qaybta Vq: Warbixinta Gobolka: Gobolka Kagera, Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Tanzania, Diseembar 2007, bogga 1 |access-date=2013-05-15 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo {{Convert|37037|sqkm|sqmi|0}} uu yahay dhul iyo {{Convert|8029|sqkm|sqmi|0}} uu yahay biyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Economic-profile&quot;/&gt; Bedka guud ee gobolku waa {{convert|161|km2}} oo kaliya in ka yar kan Estonia. Sida laga soo xigtay 1998, qiyaastii {{convert|20,000|km2}} waxay ahaayeen kaymo iyo {{convert|12,000|km2}} waxay ku habboon yihiin daaqsin ama beerasho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Economic-profile&quot;/&gt;

Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu ku yaalaa buuraley u janjeerta dhanka waqooyi-bari ilaa {{convert|1,750|m}} hoos u dhac ku timaada {{convert|800|m}} xeebta harada Tanganyika.&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP-2&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Planning|1998|page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhulka ku yaal waqooyiga iyo bari waa buuro si tartiib ah u rogmanaya kuwaas oo si tartiib tartiib ah u noqda kuwa dhaadheer marka ay u dhowaadaan xadka [[Albertine Rift]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP-2&quot; /&gt; Wabiga ugu muhiimsan waa [[Wabiga Malagarasi|Malagarasi]], iyadoo [[Wabiga Luiche|Luiche]] iyo [[Wabiga Ruchugi|Ruchugi]] ay yihiin labada wabi ee kale ee waaweyn ee gobolka ka daata.&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP-2&quot; /&gt;

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Stanley oo la kulmaya Livingstone]]

Afrika ka hor gumeysiga, gobolku wuxuu ahaa isha foolmaroodiga iyo addoonta.&lt;ref name=&quot;History&quot;&gt;{{Citation|author=Madaxa Xafiiska Gobolka, Kigoma |year=2011 |chapter=2.0 Taariikhda Kooban ee Gobolka |title=Taarifa ya Miaka 50 ya Uhuru wa Tanzania Mkoa wa Kigoma (Macluumaadka ku saabsan 50 sano ee Xorriyadda Tanzania: Kigoma) |language=Swahili |publisher=Xafiiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha |pages=4&amp;ndash;7}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tabora]] iyo [[Ujiji]] waxay ahaayeen goobo ay Carabtu ka maamulaan raritaanka xeebta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | title=Into Africa: Tacaburkii Epic ee Stanley iyo Livingstone |last=Dugard |first=Martin | year=2004 | publisher=Broadway Books | location=New York | page=[https://archive.org/details/intoafrica00mart/page/68 68] | isbn=978-0-7679-1074-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa booqday sahamiyayaashii hore ee Yurub [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]], [[John Speke]], [[David Livingstone]], iyo [[Henry Morton Stanley]]. Dhab ahaantii, Stanley wuxuu la kulmay Livingstone magaalada Ujiji ee xeebta Harada Tanganyika 27 Oktoobar 1871.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Dugard|2004|page=266}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wakhtigii gumeysiga, aagga Kigoma waxaa loo yaqaanay Gobolka Galbeedka caasimadduna waxay ahayd Tabora.&lt;ref name=&quot;History&quot; /&gt;

== Qaybaha maamulka ==
=== Degmooyin ===
Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu u qaybsamaa lix [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|degmo]], mid kasta oo ay maamusho gole marka laga reebo Kigoma iyo Kasulu oo midkiiba lagu maamulo laba gole:&lt;ref name=&quot;2012 Census&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Degmooyinka Gobolka Kigoma
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! Khariidad
! style=&quot;width: 10em&quot; | Degmada
!
! style=&quot;width: 10em&quot; | Dadka&lt;br&gt;(2012)
|-
| rowspan=9 | [[File:Kigoma in Tanzania.svg|250px]]
| [[Degmada Buhigwe]]
|Golaha Degmada Buhigwe
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | 254,342
|-
| [[Degmada Kakonko]]
|Golaha Degmada Kakonko
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | 167,555 
|-
| [[Degmada Kasulu]]
|Golaha Degmada Reer Miyiga ee Kasulu
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | 425,794 
|-
|
|Golaha Degmada Magaalada Kasulu
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | 208,244 
|-
| [[Degmada Kibondo]]
|Golaha Degmada Kibondo
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | 261,331 
|-
| [[Degmada Kigoma]]
|Golaha Degmada Reer Miyiga ee Kigoma
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | 211,566 
|-
|
|Golaha Degmada Magaalada Kigoma-Ujiji
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | 215,458 
|-
| [[Degmada Uvinza]]
|Golaha Degmada Uvinza
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | 383,640 
|-
| '''Wadarta'''
|
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | '''2,127,930'''
|}

== Dadka ==
Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu leeyahay dadweyne dhan 2,127,930.&lt;ref name=Census&gt;{{cite web|page=103|title=Tirakoobka dadka iyo guryaha 2012: qaybinta dadweynaha ee aagagga maamulka|publisher=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Dadka Ha|Dadka Ha]] ayaa ah qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee halkan ku nool, iyadoo ay weheliyaan dad kale oo muhiim ah oo ka tirsan Wabembe, [[Wamanyema]], [[Tongwe|Watongwe]] iyo [[Vinza|Wavinza]], [[Dadka Sukuma|Sukuma]] iyo [[Dadka Haya|Haya]]. Qiyaastii 150,000 oo qaxooti ah oo ka yimid [[Burundi]] iyo ku dhawaad 80,000 oo kale oo qaxooti ah oo ka yimid [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]] ayaa ku nool saddex [[xeryaha qaxootiga|xero qaxooti]] oo ku yaal Gobolka Kigoma, oo la yiraahdo [[Nyarugusu]], [[Mtendeli]] iyo [[Nduta]].

== Dadka caanka ah ee Gobolka Kigoma ==
* [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]], qoraa
* [[Ali Kiba]], fannaan

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;2022_census&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Matokeo ya Sensa |url=https://sensa.nbs.go.tz/ |website=sensa.nbs.go.tz |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)]] |access-date=1 November 2022 |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]] |language=sw}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Gobolka Kigoma}}
* {{URL|http://kigoma.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}}
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    <title>Adelebsen</title>
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      <text bytes="8799" sha1="bmb7r9f9111w8nsonomxms7ux2heip7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place 
|type              = Gemeinde
|name              = Adelebsen
|image_coa         = Adelebsen_Wappen.svg
|image_photo       = Kapellenruine Reynhardeshagen 01.jpg
|image_flag        = Flagge Adelebsen.svg
|image_caption     = ''Burburkii kaniisadda Gothic-ga dambe ee St. Mary, meel u dhow Reynhardeshagen, galbeedka Adelebsen.''
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|34|48|N|9|45|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Adelebsen in GÖ-2016.svg
|state             = 
|district          = Göttingen
|elevation         = 187
|area              = 75.85
|postal_code       = 37139
|area_code         = 05506&lt;br&gt;05502 (Güntersen)
|licence           = GÖ, DUD, HMÜ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03159001
|website           = [http://www.adelebsen.de/ www.adelebsen.de]
|mayor             = Holger Frase&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;26
|party             = SPD
}}
'''Adelebsen''' waa degmo ku taal [[Göttingen (district)|degmada Göttingen]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]].
Waxay ka kooban tahay goobaha Adelebsen, [[Barterode]], [[Eberhausen]], [[Erbsen]], [[Güntersen]], [[Lödingsen]] iyo [[Wibbecke]]. [[Burg Adelebsen]] waxay ku taal meel sare oo ka mid ah Adelebsen lafteeda.

[[Ernst Gräfenberg]], oo ah dhakhtar caafimaad, oo markii ugu horreysay sharraxay [[g-spot]] ayaa halkan ku dhashay.

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Burg Adelebsen.jpeg|thumb|left|Burg Adelebsen sawir qarnigii 19-aad]]
Goobta waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyey 990 magaca &quot;Ethelleveshusen,&quot; xilligii hadiyad dhul ah oo uu [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Otto III]] siiyey walaashiis [[Sophia I, Abbess of Gandersheim|Sophia]]. Qoyska sharafta leh ee von Wichbike (oo ka tirsan Wibbecke) ayaa u raray xaruntooda Adelebsen 1234, waxayna ku dhisteen qalcad dul saaran sandstone promontory halkaas. Qalcadda &amp;ndash; Burg Adelebsen&amp;nbsp;&amp;ndash; waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyey 1295, qoyskuna wixii ka dambeeyay markaas waxaa loo yaqaanay [[Adelebsen (German noble family)|von Adelebsen]], ka dib goobta.&lt;ref name=&quot;burgen.de&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://www.burgen.de/deutschland/adelebsen-schloss/ Adelebsen, Schloss]&quot; (2012 April 10). Retrieved 2015-01-14 from www.burgen.de.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LostFortBlog&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://lostfort.blogspot.com/search?q=adelebsen The local nobility and their castles - Adelebsen Keep]&quot;  [blog post] (2008 July 23). ''The Lost Fort''. Retrieved 2015-01-14.&lt;/ref&gt;

Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.adelebsen.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=62&amp;topmenu=5 Geschichte] {{Wayback|url=http://www.adelebsen.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=62&amp;topmenu=5 |date=20160302073506 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302073506/http://www.adelebsen.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=62&amp;topmenu=5 |date=2016-03-02 }}&quot; (Taariikh). ''Leben im Flecken Adelebsen'' (bogga rasmiga ah), laga soo bilaabo 2015-02-22 laga helay www.adelebsen.de&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Meyer, Ph. (1942). [http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PPN=urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-dt-20876&amp;DMDID=dmd00209&amp;LOGID=log00209&amp;PHYSID=phys00146#navi Dib u eegis ku saabsan buugga ''Das Patrimonialgericht Adelebsen'', by  Herbert Mundhenke]. ''Theologische Literaturzeitung'', vol. 67(no. 9/10), col. 281-282.&lt;/ref&gt; ilaa bartamihii qarnigii 19-aad, sayidyada sharafta leh von Adelebsen waxay ku haysteen [[manorial court|maxkamad patrimonial]] (Patrimonialgericht) Adelebsen. Sayidyada Adelebsen waxay soo saareen xeer garsoor (Gerichtsordnung) 1543, iyo amar maamul (Polizeiordnung) 1550,&lt;ref&gt;Walch, Carl Friedrich (1793). &quot;[https://books.google.com/books?id=8d1DAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA1 Gerichtsordnung derer von Adelepsen vom Jahr 1543]&quot; (pp. 1-21), &quot;Policeyordnung derer von Adelpesen vom Jahr 1550&quot; (pp. 22-42). ''Vermischte Beyträge zu dem deutschen Recht''. Volume 8. Jena: Crökersche Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; iyagoo bixinaya aasaaska habraaca sharciga iyo xeerarka maamulka ee xukunkooda, iyo sidoo kale soo saarista ganaaxyada xadgudubyada. Waxay dakhligooda inta badan ka heli jireen cashuuraha, ganaaxyada, iyo khidmadaha rukhsadda ee la xiriira ganacsiyada sida khamriga, socodsiinta hudheelada ama baararka, iyo jimicsiga ganacsiga iyo farsamooyinka qaarkood. Sannadkii 1859, maamulka [[Kingdom of Hanover]], xukunka maxkamadda patrimonial waxaa lagu daray xafiiska dawladda ee boqortooyada ee dhowaa [[Uslar]]. Sannadkii 1866 Hanover waxay qayb ka noqotay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]], taas oo loo yaqaanay [[Province of Hanover]].

Adelebsen iyo qalcadda waxaa qayb ahaan gubay 1466 [[Ernest I of Schauenburg|Ernst I of Schauenburg, Bishop of Hildesheim]], xilligii colaadda gobolka.&lt;ref name=&quot;LostFortBlog&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Heimatverein Barterode. &quot;[http://www.barterode.de/index.php/der-ort-barterode/historische-zeittafel.html Historische Zeittafel] {{Wayback|url=http://www.barterode.de/index.php/der-ort-barterode/historische-zeittafel.html |date=20150128114842 }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128114842/http://www.barterode.de/index.php/der-ort-barterode/historische-zeittafel.html |date=January 28, 2015 }}&quot; (Jarmal). Laga helay 2015-01-25.&lt;/ref&gt; Asal ahaan waxaa loo dhisay sidii qalcad, qalcadda waxaa dib loo dhisay 1596 iyada oo leh façade cajiib ah iyo qolal badan oo waaweyn oo leh daaqado, ku habboon inay u adeegaan sidii deegaan sharaf leh.&lt;ref&gt;Aufgebauer, Peter (1998). &quot;[https://cma.gbv.de/dr,cma,001,1998,a,07.pdf Burg - Kloster - Stadt: Zur mittelalterlichen Geschichte des südlichen Niedersachsen]&quot; (Jarmal). ''Concilium medii a cvi'', 1, p. 123-174; halkan: p. 133-134.&lt;/ref&gt;

Magaalada iyo qalcadda waxaa mar kale inta badan la burburiyay intii lagu jiray [[Thirty Years' War]]. Qalcadda waxaa dib loo dhisay 1650; sannadkii 1740 waxaa dib loo cusbooneysiiyay oo lagu ballaariyay qaabka qasriga [[Baroque]].&lt;ref name=&quot;LostFortBlog&quot;/&gt;

Bulshada Yuhuudda ee Adelebsen waxay bilowgeedii lahayd qarnigii 17-aad, qoyskii ugu horreeyay ee Yuhuudi ah oo la diiwaangeliyey wuxuu ka soo muuqday liiska cashuuraha 1675.&lt;ref&gt;Schaller, Berndt, &amp; Eike Dietert (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4aeFwcgS3G0C&amp;pg=PA13 Im Steilhang: der jüdische Friedhof zu Adelebsen: Erinnerung an eine zerstörte Gemeinschaft]''. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen. p. 13.&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1796 waxaa magaalada joogay 20 qoys oo Yuhuudi ah.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Adelebsen/Solling (Niedersachsen)&quot; (2008). Klaus-Dieter Alicke (Ed.). ''Lexikon der jüdischen Gemeinden im deutschen Sprachraum''. 3 vols. Güterloh: Güterloher Verlagshaus. vol. 1, cols. 15-17. Available online as: &quot;[http://www.jüdische-gemeinden.de/index.php/gemeinden/a-b/178-adelebsen-niedersachsen Adelebsen (Niedersachsen)],&quot; at www.jüdische-gemeinden.de.&lt;/ref&gt;
Qarnigii 19-aad, bulshada Yuhuudda waxay kor u kacday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn gobolka. 
Sannadkii 1848, 149 degane Yuhuudi ah waxay ka koobnaayeen 13% wadarta dadweynaha magaalada. Laakiin cabbirka bulshadu wuxuu si joogto ah u hoos u dhacay qarnigii 19-aad ilaa horraantii qarnigii 20-aad, si ay 1925 u jireen oo kaliya 46 Yuhuudi ah oo ku nool Adelebsen, taas oo ka dhigaysa 3% dadweynaha.&lt;ref&gt;Schaller &amp; Dietert (2010), p. 16-17.&lt;/ref&gt; Intii lagu jiray nidaamkii Nazi-ga, bulshada waxaa lagu burburiyay masaafurin, soo-galooti iyo dilal. Synagogue-ka deegaanka waxaa la burburiyay intii lagu jiray [[Kristallnacht]], habeenkii 9-10 Noofambar 1938, xubno ka tirsan [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] oo ka yimid Göttingen, oo ay ku biireen xubno maxalli ah oo SS ah oo ka tirsan Adelebsen.&lt;ref&gt;Schaller, Berndt, &amp; Eike Dietert (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4aeFwcgS3G0C&amp;pg=PA13 Im Steilhang: der jüdische Friedhof zu Adelebsen: Erinnerung an eine zerstörte Gemeinschaft]''. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen. p. 18.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Adelebsen waa [[Twin towns and sister cities|mataano]] la leh:
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Wieluń]], [[Poland]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wieluń twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.um.wielun.pl/index.php/miasta-partnerskie|title=Gmina Wieluń - Miasta partnerskie|accessdate=2013-08-03|language=Polish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729111938/http://www.um.wielun.pl/index.php/miasta-partnerskie|archivedate=2012-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=1307782 Hage u ah Diiwaannada Bulshada Yuhuudda ee Adelebsen (RG 244)]. Ururinta diiwaanka ee [[YIVO|YIVO Institute for Jewish Research]], New York, NY
*Hage u ah Yuhuudda Adelebsen.    www.jewsofadelebsen.com   


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  <page>
    <title>Adenau</title>
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      <text bytes="10693" sha1="3v98kycsjothe8jjy01b09365ymsq5y" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|type               = Stadt
|image_photo       = Markt 8 in Adenau.jpg
|image_caption     = Guri [[Fachwerk]] ah oo la dhisay 1630 oo ku yaal suuqa
|image_flag        = Banner Adenau (variant).svg
|image_coa            = DEU Adenau COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|23|N|6|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Adenau in AW.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Ahrweiler
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Adenau
|elevation              = 300
|area            = 18.56
|postal_code               = 53511–53518
|area_code           = 02691
|licence               = AW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 001
|website           = [http://www.stadt-adenau.de/ www.stadt-adenau.de]
|mayor             = Arnold Hoffmann&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|Bürgermeistertitel= Stadtbürgermeister
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Adenau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːdənaʊ|lang|De-Adenau.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[High Eifel]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa loo yaqaannaa ''Johanniterstadt'' sababtoo ah [[Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)|Amarka Saint John]] ayaa fadhigiisu halkaas ahaa [[Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe]]. Astaanta magaaladu waxay isku daraysaa iskutallaabta madow ee [[Electorate of Cologne]] iyo libaaxa sayidyadii [[Nürburg]]. Wareegga woqooyi ee [[Nürburgring]] wuxuu ku yaallaa meel ka baxsan magaalada.

Qaybta [[Breidscheid]] ee Adenau waxay ahayd degmo gooni ah ilaa 1952. Sayidyadii Breidscheid waxaa la xusay qarnigii 13-aad. Kaniisadda yar ee Breidscheid waxaa loo hibeeyay [[Saint|Awliyo]] [[Saint Roch|Roch]] iyo [[Saint Sebastian|Sebastian]] waxaana la dhisay 1630 sidii kaniisad cudurka daacuunka ah.

== Taariikh ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2024}}
[[File:Adenau 1900.jpg|left|thumb|Adenau agagaarka 1900]]
[[File:Hohe Acht Kaiser-Wilhelm-Turm.jpg|thumb|left|The Wilhem Tower on the Hohe Acht]]
Adenau waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 992, iyadoo lagu magacaabo ''Adenova''. Sannadkii 1162, [[Ulrich, Count of Are]] wuxuu gurigiisa u hibeeyay Amarka St. John (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Order of Malta]]). Adenau waxay ahayd degelki saddexaad ee ugu da'da weyn amarkan ee Jarmalka. Xubnaha amarka ayaa daryeelay dadka saboolka ah iyo xujayda. Ilaa 1518, [[Komtur]]-ka amarku wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegay sidii wadaadka xaafadda.

Sannadkii 1816 Adenau waxay noqotay kursiga [[Districts of Germany|degmo]] madax-bannaan. Degmada Adenau waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah degmooyinka ugu saboolsan [[Prussia]]. Sannadkii 1927 waxaa furmay Nürburgring, oo lagu dhisay hindisaha garsoore maxalli ah Dr. Otto Creutz. Sannadkii 1932 degmada Adenau waxaa lagu daray [[Ahrweiler (district)|degmada Ahrweiler]].

[[File:Adenau Hochwasser Juni 1910.jpg|thumb|190px|Daadadkii Adenau Juun 1910]]

== Meelaha loo socdo ==
* [[Nürburgring]]
* [[Hohe Acht]]

== Horumarinta dadweynaha ==
Horumarinta dadka ee Adenau waxay tixraacaysaa aagga maanta ee Adenau. Tirooyinka 1871-1987 waa natiijooyinka tirakoobka:&lt;ref name=&quot;regionaldaten&quot;&gt;[http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/MeineHeimat/detailInfo.aspx?topic=2047&amp;ID=3537&amp;key=0713101001&amp;l=3 Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Regionaldaten]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/MeineHeimat/detailInfo.aspx?topic=2047&amp;ID=3537&amp;key=0713101001&amp;l=3|title=Mein Dorf, meine Stadt (Template)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| border=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:0em;&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1815 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,380
|-
| 1835 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,631
|-
| 1871 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,592
|-
| 1905 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,002
|-
| 1939 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,680
|-
| 1950 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,869
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:0em;&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1961 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,932
|-
| 1970 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,105
|-
| 1987 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,712
|-
| 1997 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,031
|-
| 2005 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,921
|-
| {{EWDJ|DE-RP}} || align=&quot;right&quot; | {{Population Germany|key=07131001}}
|}
|}

== Siyaasadda ==
[[town council|Golaha magaalada]] wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20 xildhibaan iyo duqa magaalada.

* [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]: 12 kursi
* [[Ecological-Democratic Party|ÖDP]]: 3 kursi
* [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]: 2 kursi
* [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]: 3 kursi (xaaladda: [[Local election|doorashadii deegaanka]] ee 25 May 2014)

== Dugsiyada ==
Adenau, waxaa ku yaal saddex dugsi: dugsi hoose, dugsi dhexe (''[[Realschule]]'') iyo dugsi sare (''[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]''). Erich Klausener Gymnasium wuxuu leeyahay 723 arday iyo 46 macallin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Ekg Adenau 
 |publisher=Ekg Adenau 
 |url=http://ekgadenau3.bildung-rp.de/ 
 |access-date=2008-06-19 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626233913/http://ekgadenau3.bildung-rp.de/ 
 |archive-date=26 June 2008 
 |url-status=dead 
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dugsiga dhexe wuxuu leeyahay 486 arday.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Realschule Adenau 
 |publisher=Realschule Adenau 
 |url=http://www.rsadenau.bildung-rp.de/index.php?id=392. 
 |access-date=2008-06-19 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007105628/http://www.rsadenau.bildung-rp.de/index.php?id=392. 
 |archive-date=2008-10-07 
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
(Hauptschule)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Hauptschule Adenau 
 |publisher=Hauptschule Adenau 
 |url=http://www.jhsadenau.bildung-rp.de/index.php?id=416. 
 |access-date=2008-06-19 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007104221/http://www.jhsadenau.bildung-rp.de/index.php?id=416. 
 |archive-date=2008-10-07 
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dugsiga hoose wuxuu leeyahay 240 arday iyo 21 macallin.

== Hohe Acht ==
Hohe Acht waa [[volcano|folkaano]] seddexaad, oo ah meesha ugu sarreysa ee [[Eifel]], oo kor u kacaysa 747 m heerka badda. Waxay si toos ah u tahay bariga Adenau. Kaiser-Wilhelm-tower wuxuu taagnaa meesha ugu sarreysa tan iyo 1909. Munaaradda waxaa la dhisay 1908 ilaa 1909 munaasabadda arooska lacagta ee [[William II, German Emperor|Boqor Wilhelm II]] iyo [[Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein|Boqorada Augusta Victoria]]. Munaaradda oo dhererkeedu yahay 16.3 m waxaa naqshadeeyay naqshadeeye Freiherr von Tettau waxayna noqotay taallo la ilaaliyo 1987. Munaaradda waxay bixisaa aragtiyo ballaaran oo ku saabsan muuqaalka Eifel.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Kaiser-Wilhelm-Turm 
 |publisher=eifel.de 
 |url=http://www.eifel.de/go/sehenswertes-detail/kaiser_wilhelm_turm.html
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522231651/http://www.eifel.de/go/sehenswertes-detail/kaiser_wilhelm_turm.html
 |url-status=live
 |archive-date=May 22, 2006
 |access-date=2008-06-19 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka ==
[[File:HaseAufCenterstage.jpg|thumb|left|Rock am Ring, 2005]]
Bandhigga rock-ga caalamiga ah [[Rock am Ring and Rock im Park|Rock am Ring]]
waa dhacdo dhaqameed weyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|title=Rock am ring
|url=http://www.rock-am-ring.com/
|author=Marek Lieberberg
|access-date=2008-06-19| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080614210934/http://www.rock-am-ring.com/| archive-date= 14 June 2008 | url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannad kasta 80,000 ama in ka badan oo dad ah ayaa ku kulma meel u dhow Adenau si ay u &quot;dhagaxaan&quot;. Dhacdadu waxay markii ugu horreysay dhacday 1985, waxaana markii hore loo qorsheeyay inay noqoto dhacdo gaar ah. Waxay ahayd mid aad u guulaystay, iyada oo ay ka qaybqaateen 75,000 oo qof, in la go'aamiyay in laga dhigo dhacdo sanadle ah. Waxaa jiray hal nasasho 2-sano ah tan iyo markaas ka dib markii tirada ka soo qaybgalayaashu ay hoos u dhacday 1988, taas oo ka dib bandhigga uu dib u bilaabmay 1991 qaab dib loo eegay oo leh xoog saaris badan oo ku saabsan falalka cusub. Xerada la xiriirta bandhigga waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah khibradda.

Adenau sidoo kale waxaa laga yaqaanaa caalamka adduunka motorsports magaca geeska Adenau Bridge ee [[Nürburgring]] Nordschleife wareegga tartanka. Geeska ayaa ku yaal qiyaastii 9.5 km laga bilaabo bilowga wareegga waxaana uu ku yaallaa koonfurta bari ee magaalada Adenau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurburgring |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/circuits/nurburgring/ |website=motorsportmagazine.com |publisher=Motor Sport magazine |access-date=1 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{clear}}

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah — magaalooyinka walaalaha ah ==
Adenau waa [[town twinning|mataan]] la:

* {{flagicon|France}} [[Sillery, Marne]], Faransiis
* {{flagicon|Malta}} [[Mellieħa]], Malta
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Castione della Presolana]], Talyaani

== Dad caan ah ==
* [[Johann Nicola Baur]] (1808−1874) ganacsade iyo shaqaale rayid ah oo Prussian ah
* [[Clemens de Lassaulx]] (1809–1906), kaynta ku yaal Adenau, &quot;aabbaha Eifel&quot;
* [[Erich Klausener]] (1885–1934), garsoore degmada miyiga ee Adenau 1917–1919, oo ay toogteen Nazis 1934
* [[Otto Wemper]] (1894–1969), kaynta, hormuudka dib-u-beerista goobaha laga qoday strip-mined, madaxa Waaxda Kaymaha ee Adenau 1925–1940
* [[Max Funke]] (1895–1980), ganacsade iyo hal-abuur, wuxuu aasaasay Max Funke KG gudaha Adenau 1951
* [[Bernhard Müller-Feyen]] (1931−2004), farshaxaniste ku dhashay Adenau
* [[Marion von Haaren]] (dhashay 1957), wariye Yurub ah oo la socda [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]], wax ku bartay Adenau
* [[Sabine Schmitz]] (1969–2021), Darawal Tartanka iyo Qofka Telefishanka, ku dhashay Adenau
* [[Torsten Jansen]], [[team handball|handballer]], dhashay 1976 gudaha Adenau
* [[Fabian Giefer]], [[Association football|laacibka kubadda cagta]], dhashay 1990 gudaha Adenau
* [[Christopher Theisen]] (dhashay 1993), laacibka kubadda cagta
* [[Rebecca Knaak]] (dhashay 1996), laacibka kubadda cagta ee [[Germany women's national football team|kooxda qaranka Jarmalka]]
* [[Nico Menzel]] (dhashay 1997), darawal tartanka
[[Image:Adenau panorama 3661.jpg|thumb|700px|center|Muuqaalka Adenau, 2006]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.adenau.de/ Adenau goobta rasmiga ah]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080626233913/http://ekgadenau3.bildung-rp.de/ Erich-Klausener-Gymnasium Adenau]
*[http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2355852/1xt4tzg/index.html Adenau] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2355852/1xt4tzg/index.html |date=20110629122142 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629122142/http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2355852/1xt4tzg/index.html |date=2011-06-29 }} sawir leh muuqaal, [[Südwestrundfunk]] {{in lang|de}}

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    <title>Adenbach</title>
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      <text bytes="26184" sha1="duhg7jyf007gqajpf8q97boeim32j3k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = DEU Adenbach COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|40|13|N|7|38|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Adenbach in KUS.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Kusel
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Lauterecken-Wolfstein
|elevation              = 180 
|area            = 2.94
|postal_code               = 67742
|area_code           = 06753
|licence               = KUS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 36 001
|mayor             = Jürgen Klein&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3360000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kusel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Adenbach''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]] ee [[Districts of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rheinland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Degmadu waxay ku taal dooxada Odenbach ee [[North Palatine Uplands]] ee Western Palatinate.

Aagga degmadu wuxuu cabbiraa 294 ha, kaas oo 20 ha ay yihiin kayn iyo 10 ha ay yihiin degaan.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Location]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Degmooyinka deriska la ah ===
Adenbach waxay xuduud la leedahay waqooyi-galbeed iyo waqooyi degmada [[Odenbach]], bariga iyo koonfur-bari degmada [[Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)|Becherbach]], koonfurta degmada [[Ginsweiler]] iyo koonfur-galbeed degmada [[Cronenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Cronenberg]].

=== Bulshooyinka ka kooban ===
Adenbach's ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' waa goobta tuulada ugu weyn, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Adenbach, iyo guryaha dibadda ee Brühlerhof, Langwiesenhof, Bornweiderhof iyo Brucherhof.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Constituent communities]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qaab-dhismeedka degmada ===
Dhinaca bari ee dariiqa waqooyi-koonfur, guryuhu waxay u taagan yihiin si isku dhow, iyagoo samaynaya halkan iyo dhowr waddo oo dhinacyada ah tuulo yar oo isku duuban. Aagga dhismaha cusub ee galbeedka xarunta tuulada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay dhismo dabacsan oo ku teedsan waddo ka baxsan qulqulka, barbar socota dariiqa weyn. ''[[Aussiedlerhöfe]]'' – guryaha beeraha ee kor ku xusan sida ''Ortsteile'' dibadda ah – waxay ku yaalaan koonfurta aagga degmada. Qabuurro cusub ayaa la aasaasay 1988 dhinaca bidix ee qulqulka.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Municipality’s layout]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==

=== Qarniyadii hore ===
Sida uu sheegay qoraa la yiraahdo Wendel (oo qoray taariikhda tuulada), faas [[Bronze Age|xilligii naxaasta]] ayaa laga helay xuduudaha Adenbach horaantii qarnigii 19-aad, in kasta oo tan tan iyo markaas la waayay. Aagga maxalliga ah ayaa markaa horeyba loogu dejiyay xilligii naxaasta, maadaama ay u muuqato in sidoo kale ay ahayd mar dambe, xilligii [[Iron Age|birta]]. Intii lagu guda jiray dhismaha ''Aussiedlerhof'' Brühlerhof, god leydi ah ayaa laga helay ciid madow oo ay ku jiraan walxo gubtay, iyo hadhaagii [[Cremation|la gubay]]. [[Grave goods|Alaabta qabriga]] waxaa ka mid ahaa jajab ka mid ah [[bronze|naxaas]] [[fibula (brooch)|fibula]], faas [[iron|bir]] ah oo leh dalool helve, weel [[Potter's wheel|loo tuuray]] oo u eg tureen, laba saxan oo leh geeso qalloocan iyo saxan aad u dhaawacmay oo leh gees dhumuc leh.

[[Ancient Rome|Roomaankii]] ayaa sidoo kale ka tagay raadad meesha maanta ah ee Adenbach. Horaantii 1839, beeralay ayaa helay 8 cm-dheer [[Minerva]] [[statue|taallo]], taas oo hadda lagu hayo ''Historisches Museum der Pfalz'' (“Matxafka Taariikhiga ah ee Palatinate”) ee [[Speyer]]. 1957, hadhaagii [[villa rustica]] waxaa helay beeralay markii qorihiisu uu ku dhuftay aasaaska.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Antiquity]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qarniyadii Dhexe ===
Adenbach waxay asal ahaan ku jirtay dhulka Tirinta [[Nahegau]], kuwaas oo qoyska cusub ee sharafta leh ee [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]] ay ka soo farcameen ilaa 1127. Ilaa xad weyn, tirintani waxay u dhaqmeen sidii ''[[Vogt|Schutzvögte]]'' – qiyaastii “ilaaliyeyaal” – oo ka badan hantida kaniisadda, kuwaas oo ah kuwa ku hareeraysan [[Bad Sobernheim]] iyo [[Odernheim am Glan]] oo ka tirsan [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]], kuwa ku hareeraysan [[Baumholder]] iyo [[Medard]] oo ka tirsan [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Bishopric of Verdun]], kuwa ku hareeraysan [[Obermoschel]] oo ka tirsan [[Bishopric of Worms]] iyo ''Remigiusland'' ku hareeraysan [[Kusel]] oo ka tirsan [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Archbishopric of Reims]]. Adenbach waxay ku jirtay degmadan cusub ee Veldenz waxaana marar badan loo siiyay qayb ahaan ama gebi ahaanba [[fief]] ahaan vassals comital. 1379, Adenbach waxay heshay xusteedii ugu horreysay ee dukumeenti ka timid Degmada Veldenz, taas oo knight Mohr von Sötern uu ku qirtay inuu u dhiibay sayidkiisa [[Junker]] Friedrich, Count at Veldenz, hanti ku taal tuulooyinka [[Heinzenhausen]], [[Lohnweiler]], [[Lauterecken]], [[Medard]], Roth, Schwanden (tuulo hadda baaba'day oo u dhow Medard), [[Sulzbachtal|Obersulzbach, Niedersulzbach]], [[Ginsweiler]], Mannweiler (tuulo hadda baaba'day) iyo ''Odenbach'' iyo magaalada [[Meisenheim]]. Tani waxay ahayd xuskii ugu horreeyay ee dukumeenti ma aha oo kaliya Adenbach (''Odenbach''), laakiin sidoo kale Ginsweiler, Mannweiler iyo labada Sulzbachs (hadda Sulzbachtal). Junker Friedrich wuxuu ahaa Count Friedrich II oo ka tirsan xariiqda da'da yar ee Counts ee Veldenz. Deposiyad la mid ah oo ka timid 1380, knight la magacaabay Gerhard von Alsenz ayaa sidoo kale qirtay inuu helay hanti ka timid Count Friedrich II, oo ah saamiga [[Castle|qalcadda]] Odenbach iyo sidoo kale “dulsaar” ka yimid tuulooyin kala duwan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Adenbach, Mannweiler iyo Ginsweiler. Dukumeenti 1415 ayaa ka yimid war ah in Friedrich III, tirintii ugu dambaysay ee xariiqda (wuxuu dhintay 1444 iyada oo aan lahayn dhaxal-sugaha lab), uu u qaatay Syfryd vom Obirnstein (Siegfried von Oberstein) sidii vassal. Wuxuu u dhiibay ninkiisa cusub hanti badan iyo xuquuq dakhli, xitaa saamiyo ku leh Castle Odenbach iyo dhulal ku yaal tuulooyin dhowr ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin Adenbach iyo tuuladii hadda baaba'day ee Mannweiler.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Middle Ages]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Waqtiyada casriga ah ===
Counts Palatine (Dukes) ee [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]] waxay soo bandhigeen [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] horaantii 1537. Sida laga soo xigtay Boqortooyada 1609, waxaa jiray 15 qoys oo ku nool tuulada. Qarnigii 17-aad waxaa inta badan lagu calaamadeeyay dagaallo, sida [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano]] iyo dagaalladii guusha ee [[France|Faransiiska]] King [[Louis XIV]]. Tuulooyinka xoogaa fog ayaa aad uga cabsaday gaajo iyo jirro. Dhibaatadii ugu xumeyd waxay bilaabatay 1635. Guud ahaan, bahalnimadii aan la qiyaasi karin ee anshaxa ayaa ku timid dadka. Waqtigaas ka dib waxay ka timid warbixin sida ay dadku sheegeen laba nin oo ka yimid Adenbach, oo ay caawinayaan xaasaskooda, waxay garaaceen nin ka yimid Odenbach oo ku yaal baadiyaha waxayna ka qaadeen xoolahoodii daaqsinka. 1645, shan [[Sweden|Swedes]] ayaa u yimid Adenbach waxayna xadeen, iyadoo la kaashanayo laba nin oo maxalli ah, lo'da, fardo iyo idaha, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ay qaadeen, waligoodna dib loo arki doonin, taasina waxay ahayd ka dib markii ay habeenkii ku qaateen tuulada oo ay galeen kharashyo badan. Markii uu dhamaaday Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano, tirada qoysaska tuulada ayaa hoos u dhacday ilaa shan. Wali waxaa maanta jira liiska hantida iyo canshuuraha 1629 ee Adenbach, kaas oo ay wali lahaayeen Lords of Oberstein. Dhammaan waxa laga yaqaan xilligii dagaalladii Louis XIV waa liisaska tabarucaadka. Waqtigii ka dambeeyay, tirada dadku waxay si dhakhso ah u korodhay, qayb ahaan natiijada socdaalka. Qarnigii 18-aad, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray [[emigration|qax]] baahsan. Qarnigaas ayaa sidoo kale arkay khilaafyo soo noqnoqda oo u dhexeeya Adenbach iyo tuulooyinka deriska la ah xuquuqda daaqsinka. Nidaamka tuulada oo dhammaystiran laga bilaabo 1717, oo ku jira kaas oo ah ''Weistum'' oo aad u da' weyn (a ''Weistum'' – [[cognate|la mid ah]] [[English language|Ingiriisi]] ''wisdom'' – waxay ahayd ku dhawaaqid sharci ah oo ay soo saareen rag aqoon u leh sharciga ee [[Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe]] iyo xilliyadii hore ee casriga ah), ayaa loo ilaaliyay Adenbach. Sida tuulooyin badan oo kale oo ka mid ah Northern Palatinate, [[coal|dhuxul]] macdan iyo [[chalk|chalke]] macdan ayaa laga furay Adenbach.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Modern times]&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan tuulada hareeraheeda, hadhaagii godadka ayaa laga yaabaa in wali la helo, halkaas oo dhuxusha mar la qoday.

==== Waqtiyada dhawaanahan ====
Intii lagu guda jiray xilligii [[French Revolution|Kacaankii Faransiiska]] iyo [[Napoleon|Napoleon]]ic jeer, Faransiisku wuxuu [[Annexation|ku daray]] dhulalka Jarmalka ee ku yaal dhinaca bidix ee [[Rhine|webiga Rhine]], dhammaan xuduudihii gobolladii hadda la tirtiray [[Feudalism|feudal]] ayaa la tirtiray. Nidaamkan cusub, Adenbach waxay ahayd tuulo ku taal ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) ee Becherbach ee [[Cantons of France|Canton]] ee Lauterecken ee [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] ee Kaiserslautern ee [[Departments of France|Department]] ee [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (ama Donnersberg ee [[German language|Jarmal]]). Ka dib markii ciidamadii [[Prussia|Prussian]], [[Russia|Russian]] iyo [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] ay ka soo baxeen guul ka dhan ah Napoleon, [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|Blücher]] wuxuu ka gudbay Rhine habeenkii Sannadka Cusub 1814, Faransiiskuna wuxuu ka baxay dhulkoodii la isku daray ee Jarmalka. Adenbach waxay ka gudubtay 1816 [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]] ka dib markii [[Congress of Vienna]] ay siisay [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] – oo hadda loo yaqaanay Bavarian ''Rheinkreis'' – gobolkaas. Adenbach ka dib waxay ka tirsanayd ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) ee Odenbach ee Canton ee Lauterecken iyo ''Landkommissariat'' ee Kusel. Waqtigii [[Palatine Uprising]] 1849, degmadu waxay diidday inay qorto askar ama taageerto dhaqdhaqaaqa xorriyadda. Tabarucaad dhan 40 ''Gulden'', oo golaha degmadu ay ugu dambeyntii ansixiyeen, qasab kuma ahayn in la bixiyo, waayo kacdoonkii ayaa dhanka kale burburay. Markii [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rheinland-Palatinate]] la aasaasay oo Palatinate-ka laga gooyay Bavaria ka dib [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], habaynta dhuleed ee jirta ayaa haddii kale aan isbeddelin marka hore. Kaliya habaynta maamulka ee Rhineland-Palatinate 1968 ayay Adenbach ka gudubtay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Lauterecken oo markaas la aasaasay, iyada oo dhaqan gashay 1 Janaayo 1972.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Recent times]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Horumarinta dadweynaha ===
Tuuladu waxay ilaa maantadan u qaabaysan tahay qaab reer miyi ah. Inta badan dadku waxay ka shaqaynayeen ilaa Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka [[agriculture|beeraha]]. Beeraha waxaa maanta ka shaqeeya dad aad u yar. Xubnaha badankood ee shaqaaluhu waxay raadsadaan noloshooda meel ka baxsan tuulada. Adenbach waa sidaas darteed bulsho deggan oo reer miyi ah. Waxay ahayd [[Late Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe ee Dambe]] mid aad u yar, laakiin way korodhay waqtigii Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano, kaliya si ay u aragto dadkeeda oo si weyn hoos ugu dhacay dagaalkaas ka dib. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii 18-aad iyo 19-aad, koritaan xooggan ayaa mar kale bilaabmay, kaliya si uu mar kale hoos ugu dhaco tobannaan sano ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, sidoo kale, hoos u dhac yar oo xagga dadweynaha ah ayaa la dareemayaa. Horaantii 1994, qiyaastii 27% dadweynaha waxay ahaayeen da'doodu tahay 60 ama ka badan.

Jadwalka soo socda wuxuu muujinayaa horumarka dadweynaha qarniyadii Adenbach, iyadoo tirooyinka qaar ay u qaybsan yihiin madhab diimeed:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Adenbach’s population development]&lt;/ref&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;500&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
! '''Sannad''' !! 1609 !! 1656 !! 1764 !! 1825 !! 1905 !! 1939 !! 1945 !! 1961 !! 1999 !! 2007 !! 2010
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''Wadarta''' || ~55 || ~20 || 95 || 197 || 225 || 218 || 224 || 191 || 185 || 182 || 174
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]''' || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || 61 || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || 30 || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''[[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]''' || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || 164 || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || 151 || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp;
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''Kale''' || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || – || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || 10 || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp; || &amp;nbsp;
|}

=== Magaca degmada ===
Isha lagu kalsoonaan karo waxay bixiyaan ugu yaraan laba sheeko oo ku saabsan sida Adenbach u heshay magaceeda:
* Sida uu mid sheegayo, magaca Adenbach waxaa laga soo qaatay magaca qulqulka qulqulaya tuulada, Odenbach, kaas oo mar la odhan jiray Adolfsbach.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/adenbach/index.phtml?referrer=http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/uebersicht/index.phtml Adenbach’s history]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sida uu mid kale sheegayo, tuuladu waxay asal ahaan ahayd degmo aad u yar oo ku taal qulqulka, beer ay lahayd qof la odhan jiray “Ado”. Magaca Adenbach ee foomkiisa hadda jira ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday dukumeentigii 1379 (xuskii ugu horreeyay ee dukumeenti) ee kor lagu soo xusay, sanadkii xigayna magaca waxaa loo diiwaangeliyay ''Adinbach'' iyo 1483 sida ''Alt-Adenbach''. Waxay ahayd Adenbach mar kale 1490.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Municipality’s name]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tuulooyinka baaba'ay ===
Koonfurta aagga degmada Adenbach, oo u badan meel u dhow beer yar oo loo yaqaan Brunnenrech, ayaa mar la odhan jiray tuulo Mannweiler. Qarnigii 16-aad, mar dambe laguma magacaabin dukumeentiyo waxaana loo malaynayaa inay baaba'day xitaa ka hor [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano]]. Mannweiler waxaa laga yaabaa inay ahayd aasaas hore [[Franks|Frankish]], oo suurtogal ah in lagu tilmaamay “Manno’s Hamlet” (sida uu qabo Dolch iyo Greule) ama “Mannifrit’s Hamlet” (sida uu qabo Wendel; magaca meesha ee dhammaanaya ''—weiler'' waa Jarmal loogu talagalay “[[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]]”). Mannweiler waxay lahayd xuskii ugu horreeyay ee dukumeenti 1379.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Vanished villages]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Diinta ==
Laga soo bilaabo [[Early Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe ee Hore]], tuuladu waxay ka tirsanayd Glan Chapter waxayna ahayd laan kaniisad oo ka tirsan kaniisadda [[Medard]]. Ka dib [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Count Wolfgang]] wuxuu soo bandhigay [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] gudaha [[Palatine Zweibrücken|County Palatine of Zweibrücken]] ilaa 1537, dhammaan tuuladu [[Forced conversion|way qasbanaayeen]] [[Religious conversion|inay u beddelaan]] [[Martin Luther]]’s aaminsanaanta hoos yimaada xukunka duugga ah ee ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]''. Qof walba sidoo kale waa inuu beddelaa 1588 markii sayidkooda ay amar ku bixiyeen in [[John Calvin]]’s aaminsanaanta ay hadda yihiin sharciga dalka. Kaliya ka dib Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano ayaa dadka mar kale loo oggolaaday inay ku dhaqmaan [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], ama xitaa [[Lutheranism]], haddii ay rabaan. Socdaalka gobolka dadkii badnaa iyo kor u qaadista Catholicism-ka ee [[France|Faransiiska]] intii lagu jiray dagaalladii guusha ee King Louis XIV, saamiga dadka tuulada ee qaatay iimaanka Catholic ayaa koray. Adenbach, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u badnaayeen Reformed (taas oo ah, [[Calvinism|Calvinist]]). 1817 ayaa timid Palatine [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Union, kaas oo mideeyay Calvinists iyo Lutherans. 225-kii qof ee deganaa 1825, 164 waxay ahaayeen Protestant iyo 61 Roman Catholic, taas oo ah saamiga dadweynaha oo aad uga weyn inta ay maanta leeyihiin. Waxaa jiray 30 Catholics oo ka mid ah 181 deganaa 1964. 1994, 191 qof oo deganaa, 145 waxay sheegteen inay yihiin [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] iyo 31 Catholic; 15-ka kale ma sheegan xubinimada bulsho diimeed kasta. Evangelical [[Christianity|Masiixiyiinta]] waxay maanta ka tirsan yihiin kaniisadda Odenbach ee deaconry ee Lauterecken, halka Masiixiyiinta Catholic ay ka tirsan yihiin kaniisadda Lauterecken (ilaa 1975, kaniisadda Reipoltskirchen) ee deaconry ee Kusel. Adenbach waligeed ma yeelan [[church (building)|kaniisad]] u gaar ah.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Religion]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Golaha wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo loo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada sharafta leh sida guddoomiyaha.&lt;ref&gt;[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3360400100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Duqa ===
Duqa Adenbach waa Jürgen Klein, ku-xigeennadiisuna waa Frank Rittmann iyo Christian Faust.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/adenbach/index.phtml?referrer=http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/haupt/gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/die_ortsgemeinden_in_der_uebersicht/uebersicht/index.phtml Adenbach’s executive]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Astaanta hubka ===
Degmada [[Coat of arms|hubka]] waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu tilmaamo sidan: Per bend sinister wavy argent issuant from the line of partition a lion azure armed and langued gules and sable in base an ear of rye and one of wheat couped in base Or and to sinister a coalminer's lamp of the same, the flame proper.

[[charge (heraldry)|Charge-ka]] dhinaca dexter (hubka-qaadaha midig, daawadaha bidix) waa astaanta heraldic ee horey u qaadeen [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], kuwaas oo ahaa sayidyadii maxalliga ahaa ee [[Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe]]. Charge-yada dhinaca sinister (hubka-qaadaha bidix, daawadaha midig) waxay matalaan taariikhda qodista dhuxusha ee tuulada (laambada macdanta dhuxusha) iyo [[Agriculture|beeraha]] dhaxalka (dhagaha hadhuudhka). [[tincture (heraldry)|Tincture]]s dhinacaan ayaa sidoo kale taariikh ahaan u qaadeen [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]]. Khadka qalloocan ee qaybinta waa [[Canting arms|canting]] ee magaca meesha ee dhammaanaya ''–bach'', tixraac ku saabsan qulqulka magaca tuulada (''Bach'' waa [[German language|Jarmal]] loogu talagalay “brook”).

Hubka waxaa la qaaday tan iyo 6 Noofambar 1979.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Adenbach Description and explanation of Adenbach’s arms]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska ==

=== Dhacdooyinka caadiga ah ===
Dhaqammo badan oo duug ah ayaa ka dhacay Adenbach, waana kuwo aan inta badan lagu dhaqmin, laakiin waxaa jira [[kermis]] sanadle ah oo la qabto usbuuca ugu dambeeya ee Ogosto.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Regular events]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Naadiyada ===
Adenbach waxay mar lahayd naadi heesid oo dheer, la aasaasay 1847, laakiin la kala diray 1960. Naadi [[cycling|baaskiil]] oo la yiraahdo ''All Heil’'' ayaa si aad u liidata u dhacday, iyada oo la aasaasay 1925 oo socotay kaliya shan sano. Naadi miraha ayaa la yimid 1906, laakiin waxay noqotay mid aan firfircooneyn intii lagu jiray [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], oo aan waligood dib loo soo noolayn. Afarta naadi ee kaliya ee wali jira maanta waa:
* ''Landfrauenverein Odenbach/Adenbach'' (naadiga haweenka dalka)
* ''Pfälzer Bauern- und Winzerschaft'' (Ururka Beeralayda iyo Winemakers ee Palatine – qaybta Adenbach)
* ''Verein der Freunde und Förderer der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr'' (Saaxiibada iyo Dhiirigeliyeyaasha [[Fire brigade|Fire Brigade]] ee Mutadawiciinta ah)
* ''Verein Adenbacher Dorfgemeinschaft'' (naadiga bulshada)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Clubs]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==

=== Gaadiidka ===
Adenbach waxay ku taal ''[[Landesstraße]]'' 382 (Odenbach—Kaiserslautern). Waqooyiga waxaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 420. [[Autobahn|Autobahn]] [[interchange (road)|isweydaarsiga]] ayaa aad uga fog (Kaiserslautern 30 km, Kusel 38 km, [[Wörrstadt]] 45 km). U adeegidda u dhow [[Lauterecken]] waa [[railway station|saldhig tareen]] oo ku yaal ''[[Lautertalbahn]]'' ([[Kaiserslautern]]—[[Lauterecken]]-[[Grumbach]]) oo qiyaastii 6 km u jira. Saldhigga tareenka ee hore ee Odenbach wuxuu jiray kaliya 3 km, laakiin tani hadda waa xiran tahay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Transport]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha ===
Asal ahaan, dadka tuulada waxay noloshooda ka heli jireen ku dhawaad gebi ahaanba [[agriculture|beeraha]]. Marka laga reebo hawlgallada farsamada gacanta ee yaryar, waxaa sidoo kale jiray warshad. ''Adenbacher Mühle'', sida loo yaqaanay, ayaa soo baxday Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano ka dib, waxaana la xiray markii ugu dambaysay 1979. Muddo dheer, chalk ayaa la qoday oo la shiday si degdeg ah. Saddex macdan (St. Lorenzigrube, St. Jakobsgrube, Ludwigsgrube) ayaa soo saaray xaddi badan oo dhuxul ah qarniyadii 18-aad iyo 19-aad. Qarnigii 18-aad iyo horraantii 19-aad, ''Musikanten'' oo wareegaya ayaa ka baxay Adenbach, meelo kale oo gobolka ka mid ah, waxayna u safreen qaybo badan oo adduunka ah.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Economic structure]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Waxbarashada ===
Ka dib Reformation, Dukes of Zweibrücken waxay ku dadaaleen inay kor u qaadaan dugsiyada duchy, hadafkooda ugu horreeya waa inay siiyaan maadooyinkooda awood ay kula macaamilaan [[Bible|Kitaabka Quduuska ah]] iyaga keligood. Bilowgii wanaagsanaa ayaa la kulmay dib u dhac Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano, intii lagu jiray qarnigii 18-aad, dugsiyada waa in la horumariyo mar kale. Fasallada waxaa soo abaabulay kaniisadda, oo aan inta badan aan la barin wadaadka laftiisa. Carruurta tuulooyinka yaryar waa inay dugsi dhigtaan tuulada kaniisadda hooyada ee kaniisadda markii hore. Adenbach ardayda dugsiga, tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay ahayd inay dugsi aadaan [[Medard]]. 1666, macallin ku dhashay Adenbach wuxuu rabay inuu helo boos waxbarasho Medard, laakiin waa la diiday. 1673, dawladdu waxay u oggolaatay carruurta Adenbach inay dugsi aadaan dugsi ku habboon oo ku yaal Odenbach. Waqtigii 1700 waxay ka yimaadaan diiwaanno muujinaya in laba carruur ah oo ka tirsan iimaanka Lutheran ay dhigtaan dugsiga Lutheran ee [[Meisenheim]]. Laga soo bilaabo horraantii qarnigii 18-aad, dugsi jiilaal (dugsi loogu talagalay baahiyaha la taaban karo ee bulshada beeraha, oo la qabtay jiilaalka, markii qoysaska beeraha ay haysteen waqti yar oo dheeraad ah) ayaa ka furnaa Adenbach. 1708, macallin Hans Conrad Höhn, oo ka yimid Medard, ayaa u yimid Adenbach wuxuuna wax dhigayay ilaa 1731. Höhn-ka beddelayaashii Höhn ayaa ku qoran taariikhda tuulada Wendel ilaa kala dirida dugsiga maxalliga ah 1966. Lix fuusto oo hadhuudh ah ayaa loo dhiibay macallin Prass&lt;!--It is spelt thus in the source. Do not “correct” to “Praß”.--&gt; 1762 dhibaatooyinkiisa, lacag ahaan wuxuu ku helay 2 ''Gulden'', 8 ''Batzen'' iyo 2 ''Pfennige''. Macallinka deggan Adenbach markaa ma ahayn mid aad u raaxo leh. Macallinka guursaday Jakob Matheis gacantiisa 1776 wuxuu ahaa guri leh qol fadhi iyo hal qol oo yar. Nasiib wanaag, isaga iyo xaaskiisa waxay haysteen hal ilmo kaliya. Dugsiyada maalmahaas, gaar ahaan dugsiyada jiilaalka, dhibaatooyinka kuleyliyaha ayaa had iyo jeer soo baxa. Degmadu waxay u dhiibtay dugsiga 1776 20 ''Maß'' oo [[coal|dhuxul]] ah oo ka yimid colliery tuulada kuleyliyaha. Fasallada badankood waxaa lagu qabtay guryo gaar ah ka hor inta aysan degmadu lahayn guri dugsi oo u gaar ah, laakiin horaantii 1742, Adenbach waxay lahayd mid ka mid ah kuwan. 1820, degmadu waxay rabtay inay dhisto guri dugsi cusub, laakiin ka dib waxay go'aansadeen inay ka ganacsadaan gurigii hore ee dugsiga guri cusub oo ku habboon. Gurigan waxaa loo beddelay kharash dhan 1,589 ''Gulden''. Sida tirada dadka tuulada ay si weyn u korodhay maalmahaas, sidaas oo kale tirada ardayda tuulada (32 arday dugsi 1820; 60 arday dugsi 1853). Sidaas darteed, degmadu waxay guriga dugsiga ku ballaarisay 1868. 1937, maamulka Pfalz ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' wuxuu beddelay kii hore “[[Protestantism|Protestant]] School” ka dib [[Referendum|codbixin]] una beddelay “[[Christianity|Christian]] Unity School” (''Christliche Einheitsschule''). 1938, heerka sanadka 8 ayaa la soo bandhigay, laakiin ardayda heerkan waa inay dugsi aadaan Odenbach. Dugsigu wuxuu jiray ilaa xiritaankiisa 1966 [[one-room school|dugsi hal-qol ah]]. Kadib, guriga dugsiga waxaa loo beddelay xarun bulsho. [[Primary school|Dugsiga hoose]] ardayda maanta waxay dhigtaan dugsi Odenbach, halka [[Hauptschule|ardayda Hauptschule]] ay dugsi aadaan Lauterecken. Kan ugu dhow [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] waa kuwa Lauterecken iyo Meisenheim.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=7452 Education]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta  dibadda==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130302115450/http://www.vg-lauterecken.de/vg_lauterecken/Familie%20%26%20Wohnen/Gemeinden/Ortsgemeinden/Adenbach/ Adenbach] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5124362/q3p6ou/ Sawir kooban oo Adenbach ah oo ku saabsan barnaamijka telefishanka ''Hierzuland'']{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|de}}


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    <title>Adlershof</title>
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      <text bytes="10875" sha1="8d617t4v9a1tt4olgvx99rj550r18vf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|name           = Adlershof
|name_local     = 
|image_photo    = Berlin Adlershof Marktplatz.jpg
|image_caption  = {{lang|de|Marktplatz}} (fagaaga suuq)
|type           = Quarter
|City           = Berlin
|image_coa      = 
|coordinates    = {{coord|52|26|16|N|13|32|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|state          = 
|district       = 
|borough        = Treptow-Köpenick
|divisions      = [[Adlershof#Subdivision|2 aagood]]
|elevation      = 34
|area           = 6.11
|pop_ref          = &lt;ref&gt;{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population       = {{Population Germany|key=110907}}
|population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}}
|postal_code    = 12489
|area_code      = 
|licence        = B
|year           = 1749
|plantext       = Goobta Adlershof ee Treptow-Köpenick iyo Berlin
|image_plan     = Map de-be adlershof.png
|website        = {{URL|www.adlershof.de}}
}}
'''Adlershof''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːdlɐsˌhoːf|lang|De-Adlershof.ogg}}, macno ahaan &quot;Qasriga gorgorka&quot;) waa goob (''{{lang|de|Ortsteil}}'') ka tirsan degmada (''{{lang|de|Bezirk}}'') [[Treptow-Köpenick]] ee [[Berlin]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|de}} [http://www.adlershoferbuergerverein.de/heide.htm Warbixin iyo taariikhda Adlershof] {{Wayback|url=http://www.adlershoferbuergerverein.de/heide.htm |date=20121214084018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|de}} [http://www.berlin.de/ba-treptow-koepenick/derbezirk/adlershof.html Bogga Adlershof ee www.berlin.de] {{Wayback|url=http://www.berlin.de/ba-treptow-koepenick/derbezirk/adlershof.html |date=20100414112136 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adlershof waa xarunta Magaalada cusub ee Sayniska, Tiknoolajiyadda iyo Warbaahinta ([[WISTA]]), oo ku taal cirifka koonfur-galbeed ee goobta.

== Taariikh ==
Qayb ka mid ah aagga maanta loo yaqaan &quot;Magaalada Sayniska, Tiknoolajiyadda iyo Warbaahinta&quot;, waxaa mar loo yaqaanay [[Johannisthal Air Field]]. Diyaaraddii ugu horreysay ee matoor leh ee Jarmalka ayaa ka duushay halkan bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad. [[Albatros Flugzeugwerke|Albatros]], [[Fokker]], Rumpler iyo Wright ayaa Adlershof-Johannisthal ka dhigay kuwo caan ah. Sanadkii 1912 Machadka Tijaabada Jarmalka ee Duulista ([[Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt]] – DVL) wuxuu Adlershof ka dhigay xaruntiisa. Shaybaarada, meelaha lagu tijaabiyo matoorada, tunnel-ada dabaysha iyo hangaarada ayaa la dhisay 20-meeyadii iyo 30-meeyadii, maantana waa astaamo taariikhi ah.

=== Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka ===
Adlershof waxay si gaar ah caan ugu tahay taxane tartamo ah oo u dhexeeya naqshadaha diyaaradaha dagaalka ee shirkado duulimaad oo kala duwan kuwaas oo halkaas ka dhacay laga bilaabo 1918. Tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horreysay ee duuliyayaasha laftooda la weydiiyo ra'yigooda ku saabsan habka xulashada; waxay si adag u weydiisteen xawaare ka sarreeya kan dhaqdhaqaaqa, kaas oo [[Idflieg]] uu had iyo jeer u qaadan jiray inuu yahay kan ugu muhiimsan.

Kii ugu horreeyay ee tartamadan, oo dhacay Janaayo 1918, wuxuu horseeday in [[Fokker D.VII]] ay ku guulaysato tartanka oo ay noqoto mid ka mid ah diyaaradaha dagaalka ee ugu guulaha badan Jarmalka. Tartan labaad oo dhacay Maajo iyo Juun ayaa horseeday aqbalaadda dhowr ka mid ah tartamayaasha ugu waaweyn, [[Pfalz D.XII]], [[Fokker E.V]], [[Junkers D.I]] iyo [[Siemens-Schuckert D.IV]], ka dambeeya kaas oo dad badani u arkaan inuu yahay naqshaddii ugu fiicnayd ee Jarmalka ee dagaalka. Saddexduba waxaa loo geliyay wax soo saar si weyn si loogu magdhabo wax soo saarka gaabis ah ee Fokker-ka, in kasta oo naqshadda Pfalz kaliya laga helay tiro kasta. Tartankii ugu dambeeyay ee dagaalka ee Oktoobar wuxuu ahaa mid aad u daahsan si uu saameyn ugu yeesho dadaalka dagaalka. Xitaa dagaalka ka dib habka ayaa sii socday, iyada oo tartan afraad u dhexeeya Febraayo iyo Maajo 1919, laakiin saxiixa [[Versailles Treaty]] wuxuu soo afjaray dhammaan shaqadii diyaaradaha milatariga ee Jarmalka wuxuuna horseeday kala diridda ''[[Luftstreitkräfte]]'' bishii Maajo 1920.

=== Xilligii Jarmalka Bari ===
Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, garoonka diyaaradaha waa la xiray, laga bilaabanna saddex hay'adood ayaa go'aamiyay masiirka Adlershof:

*[[Stasi|Wasaaradda Amniga Gobolka]] (MfS) waxay halkaas ku xaraysay [[Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment|Guutada Ilaalada ee 12,000 oo qof]].
*Sanadkii 1952 [[Deutscher Fernsehfunk|Telefishinka Qaranka ee Jarmalka Bari]] wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka baahiyo Adlershof.
*Akadeemiyada Sayniska ee Jarmalka Bari ayaa la aasaasay iyadoo leh sagaal machad oo saynis ah oo ku yaal qaybaha fiisigiska iyo kiimikada. &quot;Injineerinka Qalabka Sayniska&quot; oo ay la socdaan qiyaastii 1,700 oo shaqaale ah ayaa horumariyay oo soo saaray inta badan qalabka cilmi-baarista ee Jarmalka Bari.

Qayb la taaban karo oo ka mid ah cilmi-baarista lagu sameeyay machadyada akadeemiyada ayaa lagu xusay xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen warshadaha, taas oo u oggolaanaysa saynisyahannada inay ka qaybqaataan shabakadaha caalamiga ah. Adlershof waxay soo saartay alaabo iyo waxyaabo badan oo la yaqaan, sida lasers-ka garaaca garaaca gaaban, spectroscopy-ga indhaha ee wakhtiga lagu xalliyo iyo qalabka ogaanshaha hawada sare. Waxyaabo kale sida trifocals iyo kiniinka ka hortagga uurka ayaa sidoo kale halkan lagu ikhtiraacay. Sanadkii 1989 in ka badan 5,600 oo qof ayaa ka shaqaynayay Adlershof, in ka badan kala bar awoodda R&amp;D ee dhammaan Akadeemiyada Sayniska.

=== Midowgii Mar labaad ===
[[File:WISTA Technology Park Berlin.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka hawada ee [[WISTA]] Science and Technology Park ee Adlershof]]
Ka dib [[German reunification]], guutada ilaalada waa la kala diray, masiirka akadeemiyadana waxaa shaabadeeyay Heshiiskii Midowga Jarmalka: Xarumaha cilmi-baarista ee akadeemiyada waxaa lagu sameeyay marathon qiimeyn ah oo uu sameeyay Golaha Sayniska iyo Bani'aadamnimada ee Jarmalka ([[Wissenschaftsrat]]), kaas oo aasaasay in ay jireen qiyaastii 1,500 oo shaqaale Akadeemiyad ah oo ay tahay in la geliyo qaab-dhismeed cilmi-baaris oo cusub. Shaqaalihii hore ee kale, waxaa lagula taliyay inay helaan shaqooyin cusub ama inay bilaabaan shirkadahooda. Marka 250 shirkadood oo cusub la aasaasay, qiyaastii 100 ayaa waxaa aasaasay shaqaale hore oo akadeemiyada ka tirsan. Maanta ku dhawaad 90 boqolkiiba shirkadaha waxay la shaqeeyaan ugu yaraan hal lammaane, iyo 60 boqolkiiba waxay la shaqeeyaan saddex ama in ka badan oo lammaane ah goobta.

Siddeed ka mid ah 12-ka machad ee cilmi-baarista ee hadda ku yaal Adlershof oo ay maalgeliyaan Berlin iyo Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Jarmalka ayaa si toos ah uga soo farcamay Akadeemiyada Sayniska ee GDR hore bilowgii 1992 oo lagu dhex daray muuqaalka cilmi-baarista Federaalka Jarmalka. Waxay sii wateen hawlahooda mas'uuliyadda hay'ado kale tusaale ahaan [[Max Planck Society]], ama ku xiran xarumaha cilmi-baarista waaweyn sida &quot;Joint Initiative of Non-University Research Institutions in Adlershof – IGAFA&quot;.

=== Horumarinta ===
[[Image:Wista-adlershof.png|thumb|Khariidadda aagga horumarinta &quot;Wista Berlin-Adlershof&quot;]]

Bishii Sebtembar 1991 Gobolka Berlin wuxuu aasaasay &quot;Adlershof Development Society&quot; (EGA), kaas oo WISTA-MANAGEMENT GMBH ka soo baxday 1994. Sanadkii 1992 [[Senate of Berlin]] wuxuu go'aansaday inuu aasaaso &quot;muuqaal cilmiyeed iyo ganacsi oo isku dhafan&quot; goobta Adlershof wuxuuna sameeyay maalgashi dhisme oo gaaraya qiyaastii 230 milyan oo euro. Hadafku wuxuu ahaa in la isu keeno iskaashiga sayniska iyo warshadaha, hal-abuurka suuqa.

Si loogu dhiirigeliyo ganacsiyada hal-abuurka leh inay halkan degganaadaan, xarumaha casriga ah ee khaaska ah ayaa laga dhisay dhismaha, qaar ka mid ah dhismayaal duug ah oo la dhisay, iyo kuwo kale oo dhismayaal cusub oo leh naqshad qurux badan. Kii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ahaa &quot;Innovation and Business Incubation Centre&quot; IGZ 1991, waxaana ku xigay Xarunta Photonics iyo Teknoolajiyada Opitikal, Xarunta Deegaanka, Bio iyo Teknoolajiyada Tamarta, Xarunta Teknoolajiyada Macluumaadka iyo Warbaahinta, iyo Xarunta Teknoolajiyada Qalabka iyo Microsystems. Xarun adeeg iyo Xarunta Iskaashiga Bari-Galbeed ee ganacsatada Bariga iyo Dhexe ee Yurub ayaa kor u qaaday astaanta. Ilaa dhammaadkii sanadkii 2000 [[WISTA]]-MANAGEMENT GMBH waxay samaysay maalgashi gaaraya qiyaastii 325 milyan oo euro.

=== Rajada xarunta Humboldt ===
{{Main|WISTA}}
[[File:Berlin Adlershof Wista Bessy.jpg|thumb|right|360px|Dhismayaasha [[BESSY]] iyo [[Fraunhofer-Institut für Rechnerarchitektur und Softwaretechnik|FIRST]] ee xerada [[WISTA]]]]
Dhammaadkii 1991 waxaa la gaaray go'aanka ah in loo raro kulliyadaha xisaabta iyo sayniska dabiiciga ah ee [[Humboldt University of Berlin]] loo raro Adlershof. 1998 Waaxda Sayniska Kombuyuutarka ayaa u guurtay Adlershof, waxaana ku xigay Waaxyaha Xisaabta 2000, Kiimikada 2001, iyo Fiisigiska, Juqraafiga iyo Cilmi-nafsiga 2003. Mid ka mid ah maktabadaha ugu casrisan Yurub, Xarunta Macluumaadka iyo Isgaarsiinta cusub ee &quot;Erwin Schrödinger-Zentrum&quot;, waa xarun xisaabeed, maktabad iyo barta wareejinta teknoolajiyada oo ay si wadajir ah u isticmaali karaan labada jaamacadood iyo hay'adaha aan jaamacadda ahaynba.

{{hidden | headercss=background:#FFFFF0; border:1px 1px solid #000000; |contentcss=border:1px 1px solid #000000;
|header= Magaalada Sayniska, Tiknoolajiyadda iyo Warbaahinta|content= &lt;br&gt;
*Aagga: {{convert|4.2|km2|acre}}
*Shaqaalaha: qiyaastii 14,200
*Ganacsiga: 814
*Beerka Sayniska iyo Tiknoolajiyadda

Maalgashiga
1991–2008: EUR 1.7 bilyan

Heerka Horumarinta
*Dakhliga ganacsiga iyo miisaaniyada xarumaha sayniska: 2.2 bilyan EUR (oo ay ku jiraan kabka iyo lacagaha dhinac saddexaad)

Shirkadaha
*410 shirkadood oo hal-abuur leh, qiyaastii 4,800 oo shaqaale ah

Machadyada Sayniska
*11 machad cilmi-baaris oo aan jaamacad ahayn oo leh qiyaastii 1,600 oo shaqaale ah, iyaga dhexdooda 795 saynisyahanno

Jaamacadda Humboldt ee Berlin
*6 machad oo sayniska dabiiciga ah (Machadka Sayniska Kombuyuutarka, Xisaabta, Kiimikada, Fiisigiska, Juqraafiga iyo Cilmi-nafsiga), 130 borofisar, qiyaastii 6,700 oo arday iyo 870 shaqaale kale

Magaalada Warbaahinta
*147 shirkadood, qiyaastii 1,870 shaqaale ah (oo ay ku jiraan kuwa madaxbannaan)

Aagga Warshadaha
*257 shirkadood, qiyaastii 5,000 oo shaqaale ah

Beerka muuqaalka
*Aagga: 660,000&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
}}

Adlershof waa goobta Am Studio 20D, goobta loogu talagalay [[European League of Legends Championship Series]] laga bilaabo 2015 ilaa hadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.adlershof.de/en/event/event/detail/league-of-legends-2015-lcs-studio-battle-in-adlershof/|title=League of Legends Playoffs Finals ee Adlershof|access-date=November 2, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.adlershof.de Bogga rasmiga ah ee Adlershof &lt;small&gt;(Ingiriisi iyo Jarmal)&lt;/small&gt;]

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  <page>
    <title>Aerzen</title>
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      <text bytes="4695" sha1="8hncuoui0g9s2owtuf7lh5rnu9rtzib" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place 
|image_coa         = DEU Aerzen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|02|58|N|09|15|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aerzen in HM.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Hameln-Pyrmont
|elevation              = 173
|area            = 105.26
|postal_code               = 31855
|area_code           = 05154
|licence               = HM
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 52 001
|divisions         = 14 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [http://www.aerzen.de/ www.aerzen.de]
|mayor             = Andreas Wittrock&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = SPD
|image_photo       = Rathaus in Aerzen IMG 2090.jpg
|imagesize         = 
|image_caption     = Guriga magaalada ee Aerzen
}}
'''Aerzen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛʁtsn̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Hamelin-Pyrmont]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa {{convert|10|km|mi|0}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Hamelin]], iyo {{convert|7|km|mi|0}} waqooyiga [[Bad Pyrmont]].

== Dhaqaalaha ==
Mid ka mid ah loo-shaqeeyayaasha ugu waaweyn gobolka waa Aerzener Maschinenfabrik GmbH,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eng-de.aerzen.com/index.php/content/view/full/174 |title=Blowers - Compressors - Gas Meter - Rental machines |website=eng-de.aerzen.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-date=8 Bisha Sideedaad 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808033950/http://eng-de.aerzen.com/index.php/content/view/full/174 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}, oo ah soo-saare afuufayaasha (blowers) iyo kombarasarrada. Ilaa Abriil 2008, waxay lahaayeen qiyaastii 1000 shaqaale ah.

== Dhismaha ==
[[File:Burg Aerzen in Aerzen IMG 2108.jpg|thumb|left|Burg Aerzen]]
[[File:ReherJohanneskapelle1a.jpg|thumb|left|St. Johan's Chapel]]
[[File:ReherJohanneskapelle4.jpg|thumb|left|St. Johan's Chapel]]
[[File:Jüdischer Friedhof Aerzen Steine Treppe.jpg|left|thumb|Jewish Cemetery]]
[[File:ReherFörde3.jpg|thumb|left|Förde street in Reher]]
[[File:GriessemPyrmonterStraße.jpg|thumb|left|Grießem, Pyrmonter Straße]]
Burg Aerzen, oo ah qalcaddii la dhisay qarnigii 16-aad, ayaa loo beddelay xarun dhaqan.

Schloß Schwöbber waa qalcad la dhisay 1574-1578.&lt;ref&gt;G. Ulrich Großmann: ''Hannover und Südniedersachsen'', p. 290. Cologne 1999&lt;/ref&gt; Marinka koonfureed ayaa lagu daray 1588, marinka waqooyina waxaa la dhisay 1604. Qayb ka mid ah qalcadda ayaa gubatay 1908 waxaana dib loo dhisay 1922.

Kaniisadda St. Mary's, oo ah [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn marin-dhinacyo]] oo asal ahaan la dhisay 1143, ayaa gubatay intii lagu guda jiray [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]] 1642 waxaana dib loo dhisay 1643.

Reher, oo ah tuulo lagu daray Aerzen 1973, St. John's Chapel ayaa mudan in la booqdo. Waxaa la aasaasay qiyaastii 1100, waxaana loo dhisay qaab Romanic ah oo leh [[ridge turret|minaarad dusha sare ah]] oo lagu daboolay looxyo slate ah iyo laba [[buttress|tiir-taageer]] waxaana la ballaariyay 1580.&lt;ref&gt;Wilhelm Voss-Gerling: ''Weserbergland'', p. 55. Munich 1980&lt;/ref&gt; [[winged altarpiece|Altar-saarkeedii]] [[gothic art|Gothic]]-ga ahaa ee soo bilowday 1465 ayaa dib loo soo celiyay 1880 iyo 1967-1973.&lt;ref&gt;G. Ulrich Großmann: ''Hannover und Südniedersachsen'', p. 288. Cologne 1999&lt;/ref&gt; Bartamaha Reher waxaa la booqan karaa guryo kala duwan oo alwaax-qaabaysan oo si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay, tusaale ahaan waddada &quot;Förde&quot;.

Grießem waa tuulo kale oo lagu daray Aerzen 1973. Pyrmonter Straße, oo ah waddadeeda ugu weyn, waxaa laga arki karaa dhowr guryo alwaax-qaabaysan, tusaale ahaan guriga lambarka 22 oo soo bilowday 1686 kaas oo la cusboonaysiiyay 2008.

== Qabuuraha Yuhuudda ==
[[Jewish Cemetery, Aerzen|Qabuuraha Yuhuudda ee Aerzen]], oo ku yaal &quot;Kesselbreite&quot; ee Reherweg, waa taallo dhaqan oo la ilaaliyo. Goobtu waxay u adeegtay sidii meel lagu aaso Yuhuudda ka timid Aerzen, Groß Berkel, iyo Reher, waxaana la isticmaali jiray 1897 ilaa 1927. Waxaa la burburiyay 1938 waxaana qayb ahaan la soo celiyay oo kaliya ka dib 1945. Todobo dhagax-qabri ayaa weli ka taagan halkaas maanta.

== Dad caan ah ==
* Börries von Münchhausen (shaqaale rayid ah) (1587-1646), Kammerrat qarsoodi ah, haystaha amaahda ee Xafiiska Aerzen
* Gustav Karl Wilhelm Siemens (1806-1874), xubin ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Qaranka ee Frankfurt
* [[August Heissmeyer]] (1897-1979), [[Obergruppenführer]] iyo General ka tirsan [[Waffen SS]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

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    <title>Affing</title>
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      <text bytes="2650" sha1="3nd68yd0vpnwcdn780z33ydx0u7yzsb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place 
|image_coa            = DEU Affing (Schwaben) COA.svg
|image_photo = Affing, AIC - Aulzhausen südl - Aulzhausen v SW, Affing.jpg
|image_caption = Affing iyo Aulzhausen oo laga eegayo koonfur-galbeed
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|28|N|10|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Affing in AIC.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Schwaben
|district         = Aichach-Friedberg
|elevation              = 465
|area            = 44.86
|postal_code               = 86444
|area_code           = 08207
|licence               = AIC
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 71 112
|website           = [http://www.affing.de/ www.affing.de]
|mayor             = Markus Winklhofer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
}}
'''Affing''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] u dhow ({{convert|10|km}}) [[Augsburg]] oo ku taal degmada [[Aichach-Friedberg]], ee [[Swabia (administrative region)|Swabia]] - [[Bavaria]], koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]].

Degmadu waxay daboolaysaa bedka {{convert|44.85|km2}}.
Guud ahaan dadka oo ah 5,140, 2,591 waa rag, 2,248 waa dumar, iyo 301 waa dad aan la hubin heerka (31 Disembar, 2003).
[[population density|Cufnaanta dadka]] ee bulshadu waa {{convert|115|PD/km2}}.

''Degmooyinka (tuulooyinka) ee degmada Affing:'' Affing oo ay la socdaan Iglbach, Anwalting, [[Aulzhausen]], Bergen, Frechholzhausen, Gebenhofen, Haunswies, Katzenthal, Miedering, Mühlhausen, Pfaffenzell.

Bishii Maajo 2015 [[tornado]] ayaa baabi'iyay Affing, taasoo keentay waxyeello daran.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.merkur.de/bayern/tornado-verwuestet-dorf-affing-schwaben-5007381.html Affing: Heftige Schäden nach Tornado] {{in lang|de}} ''[[Münchner Merkur]]'', published: 14 May 2015, accessed: 23 May 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magaalada lammaanaha ah ==
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Łobez]] ([[Poland]]), tan iyo 1997

[[File:Wening M042 Affing, Schloss.jpg|[[Schloss Affing]] qiyaastii 1700 - naxaas lagu sawiray by [[Michael Wening]]. Affing waxay horay u ahayd ''hofmark'' qalcadduna waxay ahayd xarunteeda.|thumb|left]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.affing.de/ Affing] (Bogga rasmiga ah)
* {{in lang|de}} [http://www.grabler.info/aulzhausen/polen/polen.htm Shaqaale qasab lagu shaqaysiiyay oo xalaaleeyay iskaashiga degmada ee u dhexeeya Affing iyo Lobez] {{Wayback|url=http://www.grabler.info/aulzhausen/polen/polen.htm |date=20120607041722 }}
Wikipedia 

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|name               =  Affler
|type                = 
|image_photo        = 
|imagesize          = 
|image_caption      = 
|image_coa             = 
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|00|51|N|06|09|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Affler in BIT.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Südeifel
|elevation               = 404
|area             = 1.99
|postal_code                = 54689
|area_code            = 06524
|licence                = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 001
|divisions         = 
|website           = [http://www.suedeifelinfo.de/index.php/2014-04-02-10-51-07/gemeinden-der-vg-suedeifel Affler at site www.suedeifelinfo.de]
|mayor             = Herbert Steins&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister
|party             =
}}

'''Affler''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Bitburg-Prüm|degmada Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Affler portrait&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2357376/t11n3x/|title=Affler {{!}} Hierzuland {{!}} Landesschau Rheinland-Pfalz|website=swr.online|language=de-DE|access-date=2016-05-22|archive-date=2016-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026112248/http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2357376/t11n3x/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafi ==
Affler waxay ku taallaa [[West Eifel]], koonfurta [[Dasburg]] iyo ka sarraysa [[Our (river)|Our]], oo u dhow xuduudka [[Luxembourg]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Affler portrait&quot; /&gt;

== Taariikh ==
Bishii Oktoobar 1795, [[French First Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Faransiiska]] waxay ku dartay [[Austrian Netherlands|Netherlands-ta Awstaria]], taas oo ay ku jirtay [[Luxembourg|Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg]]. Maamulkii Faransiiska, aaggu wuxuu ka tirsanaa canton-ka [[Clervaux]] ee degmada [[Diekirch District|Diekirch]], waaxda [[Forêts]]. Sanadkii 1815, sababo la xiriira qaraarradii [[Congress of Vienna]], aagga Luxembourg ee hore ee bari ka xiga [[Sauer]] iyo [[Our (river)|Our]] waxaa loo xilsaaray [[Kingdom of Prussia|Boqortooyada Prussia]].

Dadka ku nool Affler laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 2014, iyadoo lagu salaynayo tirakoobka:
{| border=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| style=&quot;margin:0em;&quot; class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sannad
!Dadka
|-
|1815
| align=&quot;right&quot; |25
|-
|1835
| align=&quot;right&quot; |56
|-
|1871
| align=&quot;right&quot; |77
|-
|1905
| align=&quot;right&quot; |80
|-
|1939
| align=&quot;right&quot; |290
|-
|1950
| align=&quot;right&quot; |60
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| style=&quot;margin:0em;&quot; class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sannad
!Dadka
|-
|1961
| align=&quot;right&quot; |60
|-
|1970
| align=&quot;right&quot; |56
|-
|1987
| align=&quot;right&quot; |46
|-
|1997
| align=&quot;right&quot; |32
|-
|2005
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30
|-
|{{EWDJ|DE-RP}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |{{Population Germany|key=07232001}}
|}
|}

== Diin ==
Bulshadu waxay leedahay kaniisad yar (chapel), oo la dhisay 1887, taas oo qabata adeegyo marmar ah. Dhammaadka tunnel-ka (kaas oo dadka tuuladu ku dhuunteen muddo saddex toddobaad ah 1944) kaynta u dhow waxay taagan tahay taalada yar ee Maryan. Waxaa loo dhisay mahadcelin ah in duqeyntii Maraykanka ee Sebtembar 1944 aysan dilin mid ka mid ah dadka deggan Affler.&lt;ref name=&quot;Affler portrait&quot; /&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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    <title>Agathenburg</title>
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|name              = Agathenburg 
|German_name       = {{native name|nds|Gothenborg}}
|image_photo       = Schloss Agathenburg-msu-1567-.jpg
|imagesize         = 
|image_caption     = Qasrka Agathenburg
|image_coa            = DEU Agathenburg COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|33|50|N|9|31|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Agathenburg_in_STD.png
|plantext = 
|state        = 
|district         = Stade
|Samtgemeinde      = Horneburg
|elevation              = 16
|area            = 11.32
|postal_code               = 21684
|area_code           = 04141
|licence               = STD 
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 59 001
|mayor     = Gerd Allers
|party            = 
}}
'''Agathenburg''' (Af-Jarmal, Af-Low Saxon: {{lang|nds|'''Gothenborg'''}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Stade (district)|degmada Stade]], ee Lower Saxony, Jarmalka. Waxaa horay loo oran jiray '''Lieth'''.

== Taariikh ==
Lieth, sida loogu magac daray asal ahaan, waxay ka tirsanayd [[Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo ah dhul [[imperial immediacy]] la aasaasay 1180. Bartamihii qarnigii 16-aad dadka deggan Lieth waxay qaateen Lutheranism. Intii lagu guda jiray qabsashadii [[Catholic League (German)|Leaguist]] ee hoos timaada [[Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly|Johan 't Serclaes, Count of Tilly]], Lieth waxay la kulantay isku dayo lagu doonayay in dib loogu soo celiyo Katoolinimada.

Sanadkii 1648, amiir-archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], kaas oo markii hore lagu maamulay [[personal union]] oo ay samaysay Swedish Crown – oo ay kala dhex gashay qabsashadii Danishka (1712–1715) – iyo laga bilaabo 1715 oo ay samaysay [[House of Hanover]]. Sanadkii 1807, [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] oo ephemeral ah ayaa ku daray duchy-ga, ka hor inta aanu [[First French Empire|France]] ku darin 1810. Sanadkii 1813 Duchy of Bremen waxaa dib loogu celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], kaas oo – ka dib kor u qaadistii [[Kingdom of Hanover]] 1814 – ku daray duchy-ga [[real union]] iyo dhulka ducal, oo ay ku jirto Agathenburg, waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]], oo la aasaasay 1823.

== Goobaha dalxiiska ==
Sanadkii 1655, duqa guud ee ducal [[Bremen-Verden]], [[Hans Christoff von Königsmarck]] wuxuu dhisay qasriga Lieth wuxuuna ugu magac daray xaaskiisa Agathe von Leesten. Magaca qasriga sidoo kale wuxuu noqday toponym-ka tuulada Lieth.

== Gaadiidka ==
Nidaamka [[rapid transit]] ee [[Hamburg S-Bahn]] ayaa u adeega Agathenburg oo leh [[Agathenburg station|saldhig tareen]].&lt;ref name=hvv/&gt;

Agathenburg sidoo kale waxay si fiican ugu xiran tahay magaalada Stade iyada oo loo marayo basaska ay maamusho [[HVV]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=hvv&gt;{{Citation |author=Staff |publisher=[[Hamburger Verkehrsverbund]] |url=http://www.hvv.de/pdf/fahrplaene/usar/hvv_usar_regio.pdf |title=Rapid Transit/Regional Rail (Network plan, pdf) |access-date=7 February 2009 |date=7 October 2009 |archive-date=17 Bisha Koobaad 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117074514/http://www.hvv.de/pdf/fahrplaene/usar/hvv_usar_regio.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{Commons category}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ahrbrück</title>
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      <text bytes="4678" sha1="422eozr5kiprj2f5mqimgll95a3mlvf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa             = Wappen Ahrbrueck.png
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|28|57|N|06|59|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Ahrbrück in AW.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Ahrweiler
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Altenahr
|elevation               = 186
|area             = 12.56
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07131002
|postal_code                = 53506
|area_code            = 02643
|licence                = AW
|website           = [http://www.gemeinde-ahrbrueck.de/ gemeinde-ahrbrueck.de]
|mayor             = Walter Radermacher&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
|Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister
}}
'''Ahrbrück''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːɐ̯bʁʏk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Ahrweiler (district)|degmada Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay saddexda degmo ee Ahrbrück (oo hore loo oran jiray Denn), Brück iyo Pützfeld.

==Taariikh==
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F000137-0008, Ahrbrück, Kristallschleiferei.jpg|thumb|left|Warshadda kiristaallada ee Ahrbrück oo ahayd xarun qaxooti, Abriil 1952]]
Sanadkii 893, Pützfeld waxaa lagu sheegay inay hanti u ahayd kaniisadda [[Prüm]]. Bulshooyinka miyiga ah ee Bruck iyo Denn waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyay 1265. Qarnigii 13-aad, saddexda degmo waxay ka tirsanaayeen [[County of Are]] waxaana sanadkii 1246 ay qayb ka noqdeen [[Electorate of Cologne]]. Pützfeld waxay lahayd qasriga weyn, sanadkii 1681-kiina kaniisaddeeda [[Lady chapel]] ayaa laga dhisay webiga [[Ahr]] agtiisa.

Sanadkii 1938, muwaadiniinta reer Denn waa laga daad gureeyay si loo oggolaado dhismaha goob tababar oo loogu talagalay ciidamada cirka. Magaaladii waxaa loo beddelay Ahrbrück markii dadku ay dib ugu soo laabteen wixii ka dambeeyay [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]]. Warshadda kiristaallada ee Ahrbrück waxay noqotay goob magangalyo u ah [[ethnic Germans|Jarmalkii qowmiyadda ahaa]] ee laga soo tarxiilay [[Sudetenland]].

Kaniisadda maanta jirta waxaa dib loo dhisay 7 Juun 1969, ka dib markii la kala diray degmooyinkii horey u ahaa kuwa madaxa bannaan ee Ahrbrück (502 qof), Brück (443 qof) iyo Pützfeld (230 qof).

=== Tirada dadka ===
Tirada dadka laga bilaabo 31-ka Diseembar:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf |title=Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis 2006 |accessdate=2011-06-12 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165403/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot; |
* 1815: 1936
* 1835: 2419
* 1871: 2146
* 1905: 2309
* 1939: 560
* 1950: 592
* 1961: 1041
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot; |
* 1965: 1073
* 1970: 1179
* 1975: 1207
* 1980: 1116
* 1985: 1032
* 1987: 551
* 1990: 1124
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;25%&quot; |
* 1995: 1127
* 2000: 1185
* 2005: 1244
* 2009: 1218
* 2010: 1218
* 2011: 1215
* 2012: 1209
|
* 2013: 1162
* 2014: 1168
* 2015: 1182
* 2016: 1248
* 2017: 1200
* 2018: 1185
* 2019: 1185
|
* 2021: 1076
* 2022: 1058
* 2023: 1097
* 2024: 1141
* 2025: ~1.2
|}

==Siyaasadda==

{{update section|date=August 2021}}
Golaha deegaanka ee Ahrbrück wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 xubnood oo golaha deegaanka ah kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii deegaanka ee 7 Juun 2009. Goluhu wuxuu magacaabaa duqa magaalada oo ah sharaf ahaan madax ahaan.

Qaybinta kuraasta golaha la doortay:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1310200200.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;
! Sanad || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] || [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] || [[Wählergemeinschaft|FWG]]|| Wadarta
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| 2009 || 2 ||  9 || 1 || 4 || 16 kursi
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| 2004 || 2 || 10 || – || 4 || 16 kursi
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| 1999 || 3 ||  4 || – || 9 || 16 kursi
|}

== Dhaqanka ==
[[File:Ahrbrück-Katharinenkapelle965.JPG|thumb|St. Katharina ee Brück]] Waxaa xusid mudan kaniisadaha tuulada ee St. Rochus ee Ahrbrück iyo St. Katharina ee Brück. Intaa waxaa dheer, barxadda [[baroque]] ee Marien-Wallfahrtskapelle (macbadka Mary) ee Pützfeld ayaa dib loo soo celiyay sanadkii 1993.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

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  <page>
    <title>Ahrensfelde</title>
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      <text bytes="6358" sha1="b7pkz14a9h38dlm647bae0xvfb9b0z6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|name              = Ahrensfelde
|image_photo       = 
|image_caption     = Ahrensfelde

|image_coa         = Wappen_Ahrensfelde.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|34|33|N|13|34|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Ahrensfelde_in_BAR.png
|state             = 
|district          = Barnim
|elevation         = 56-85
|area              = 57.94
|postal_code       = 16356
|area_code         = 030
|licence           = BAR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 60 005
|divisions         = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = {{url|www.ahrensfelde.de}}
|mayor             = Wilfried Gehrke&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/bm-wahlen/ergebnisse/~12060000 Landkreis Barnim Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters] {{Wayback|url=https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/bm-wahlen/ergebnisse/~12060000 |date=20230512152203 }}, accessed 30 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;27
|party             = CDU
}}
'''Ahrensfelde''' ({{IPA|de|aːʁənsˈfɛldə}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Barnim]], ee [[Brandenburg, Germany|Brandenburg, Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa [[Barnim Plateau]] oo ku taal xadka magaalada [[Berlin]], qiyaastii {{convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}} waqooyi-bari ee xarunta magaalada. Aagga degmadu wuxuu ka kooban yahay tuulooyinka Ahrensfelde, Blumberg, Eiche, Lindenberg, iyo Mehrow.

==Taariikh==
[[File:Clp 20060923 Dorfkirche Ahrensfelde.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda degmada Ahrensfelde]]
Ahrensfelde, sida tuulada deriska la ah ee Eiche, waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay 1375 ''Landbuch'' (buugga domesday) sahan loo fuliyay Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]], ka dib markii uu helay [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] laba sano ka hor. Tuulada ugu da'da weyn hase yeeshee waa Blumberg, oo mar ahaan jirtay hanti ay haysteen [[Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg|Bishops of Brandenburg]], taas oo markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay ''Blumenberch'' sanadkii 1253. Blumberg manor waxaa helay gabayaaga iyo diblumaasiga [[Friedrich von Canitz]] dabayaaqadii qarnigii 17-aad, qasriga waxaa markii dambe dib loo dhisay iyadoo la raacayo qorshayaal uu sameeyay [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] oo leh beer uu naqshadeeyay [[Peter Joseph Lenné]]. Waxaa baabi'iyay [[Red Army|Ciidanka Cas]] intii lagu jiray [[Battle of Berlin|Dagaalkii Berlin]] ee 1945. Taariikhyahanka farshaxanka [[Adolf Bötticher]] wuxuu ahaa u dhashay Blumberg.

Laga soo bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1947, Ahrensfelde waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg]], laga soo bilaabo 1947 ilaa 1952 gobolka [[Brandenburg]], laga soo bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 ee [[East Germany|East German]] [[Bezirk Frankfurt]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar kale ee Brandenburg.

Sanadkii 1908 Qabuuraha Ahrensfelde waxaa aasaasay Kaniisadda Evangelical ee [[Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)|Prussian Union]] oo ah goob lagu aaso oo gobollo badan ka baxsan Berlin. Qaybo ka mid ah aagga degmada ee u dhow [[Ahrensfelde station]] ayaa la dhisay oo ugu dambeyntii lagu daray [[East Berlin|East Berlin]] borough of [[Marzahn]] sanadkii 1990. Degmada hadda jirta waxaa la aasaasay iyadoo la isku daray Ahrensfelde iyo Blumberg, Eiche iyo Lindeberg 26 Oktoobar 2003.

== Dadka ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Ahrensfelde.svg|Horumarinta Dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 gudaha Xuduudaha Hadda (Khadka Buluugga ah: Dadweynaha; Khadka Dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Cirro: Waqtiga xukunka Nazi; Asalka Casaanka: Waqtiga xukunka Shuuciga)
File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Ahrensfelde.pdf|Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee Dhawaan iyo Saadaalin (Horumarinta Dadweynaha ka hor Tirakoobka 2011 (khad buluug ah); Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee Dhawaan sida uu dhigayo [[Census in Germany|Tirakoobka Jarmalka]] 2011 (khad buluug ah); Saadaalin rasmi ah ee 2005-2030 (khad huruud ah); ee 2014-2030 (khad cas); ee 2017-2030 (khad scarlet)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{historical populations
| align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr
| title = Ahrensfelde: Horumarinta dadweynaha &lt;br&gt;gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2020)&lt;ref&gt;Xogta faahfaahsan ee ilaha waxaa laga heli karaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1875 | 2766
| 1890 | 3130
| 1910 | 3320
| 1925 | 3477
| 1933 | 5041
| 1939 | 6766
| 1946 | 7055
| 1950 | 7711
| 1964 | 7178
| 1971 | 6918
| 1981 | 5674
| 1985 | 5438
| 1990 | 5036
| 1995 | 6494
| 2000 | 10612
| 2005 | 12848
| 2010 | 13028
| 2015 | 12954
| 2020 | 13959
| 2025 | 14464
}}

== Waxbarashada ==
Waxaa jira 3 dugsi oo ku yaalla degmada Ahrensfelde, iyadoo aan lahayn xarumo waxbarasho ka dambeeya dugsiga sare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Schulen {{!}} Gemeinde Ahrensfelde |url=https://www.ahrensfelde.de/kinder-jugend-bildung/schulen/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=www.ahrensfelde.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Dugsiga Hoose ee Lindenberg&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Startseite |url=https://schule-lindenberg.de/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=schule-lindenberg.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dugsiga Hoose iyo Sare ee Bloomberg&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=Startseite |url=https://schule-blumberg.barnim.de/startseite/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Grund- &amp; Oberschule Blumberg |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Docemus Campus Bloomberg&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Docemus Privatschulen - Unsere Docemus-Standards |url=https://www.docemus.de/fakten |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=www.docemus.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaabayaasha ==

=== Tareenka iyo Baska ===
Degmada Ahrensfelde waa qayb ka mid ah [[Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg]] (VBB) shabakadda gaadiidka dadweynaha. 

[[Liniennetz Ahrensfelde]] waa nidaam baska iyo tareenka degmada oo leh 9 bas iyo 3 waddo oo tareen ah.

==Siyaasadda==
Kuraasta golaha degmada (''Gemeindeschlüssel'') laga bilaabo [[2024 Brandenburg local elections|doorashadii deegaanka ee 2024]]:
* [[Alternative for Germany]]: 5
* Ahrensfelde Voters Association: 4
* [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]]: 3
* [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]: 2
* &quot;Citizens' Association Eiche&quot;: 2
* Citizens for Ahrensfelde: 2
* [[BVB/Free Voters|Free Voters (Ahrensfelde)]]: 2
* [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]: 1
* [[Alliance 90/The Greens]]: 1

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aichelberg</title>
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      <text bytes="6711" sha1="8fmlyvf9c8cds0fk4csyes3umap5mib" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Aichelberg (Göppingen) COA.svg
|coordinates          = {{coord|48|38|16|N|9|33|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan           = Aichelberg in GP.svg
|state                = 
|region               = Stuttgart
|district             = Göppingen
|elevation            = 482
|area                 = 4.01
|Gemeindeschlüssel    = 08117002
|postal_code          = 73101
|area_code            = 07164
|licence              = GP
|website              = [http://www.aichelberg.de/ www.aichelberg.de]
|mayor                = Heike Schwarz&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-aichelberg-2021/ Bürgermeisterwahl 2021], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 3 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;29
}}

[[File:Aichelberg, Andreas Kieser.png|thumb|Aichelberg, 1683]]
'''Aichelberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪçl̩bɛʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]].

Aichelberg waxay u dhexaysaa Stuttgart iyo Ulm meesha loo yaqaan ''Albaufstieg'', oo ah jiirada [[Swabian Jura]] oo jooggeedu yahay 357–615 mitir. Astaamaha goobta waxaa ka mid ah Aichelberg (564 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda) iyo Turmberg (609 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda).

==Juqraafiga== 
Qaybta waqooyi iyo galbeed ee degmadu waxay ku taallaa [[Black Jurassic]], qaybta kalena waxay ku taallaa [[Brown Jurassic]]. Fossils badan ayaa laga helay inta badan dhismaha waddada weyn. Waxaa lagu arki karaa Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah ee Hauff ee degmada deriska la ah ee Holzmaden. Bulshadu waa qayb ka mid ah kaydka qodista ee la sameeyay 1979.

==Degmooyinka deriska la ah==
Degmooyinka deriska la ah waa: [[Bad Boll]], [[Zell unter Aichelberg]] iyo [[Gruibingen]], dhammaantood waxay ka tirsan yihiin [[Göppingen (district)|degmada Göppingen]], iyo sidoo kale [[Ohmden]], [[Holzmaden]] iyo [[Weilheim an der Teck]] ee [[Esslingen (district)|degmada Esslingen]].

==Taariikh==
[[File:Auf dem Aichelberg - Aquarell von Eduard von Kallee.jpg|thumb|[[Acer campestre|Geedka maple-ka ee berrin-banaanka]] ee Aichelberg, [[watercolor painting|rinjiyeynta biyaha]] ee Jeneraal [[Eduard von Kallee]], 15 Juun 1870]]

Aichelberg waxay ahayd goob la degganaa waqtiyadii hore. Sidaas darteed, warshad leben oo Roomaan ah iyo jajabka weelka miiska oo laga helay qarnigii 3-aad ayaa la helay bishii Nofeembar 2012 intii lagu jiray qoditaannada ka hor dhismaha [[Wendlingen–Ulm high-speed railway|tareenka xawaaraha sare leh ee Wendlingen–Ulm]] agagaarka [[Bundesautobahn 8|A 8]].&lt;ref&gt;''Römische Ziegelöfen an ICE-Trasse in Aichelberg entdeckt''. In: [[Südkurier]] ee 23 Nofeembar 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Qiyaastii 1220 qalcaddii waxaa dhisay tirada Aichelberg. 1330 qalcaddii iyo tuuladii Aichelberg waxay aadeen tirada Kirchheim. Tirada Aichelberg waxay iibisay Aichelberg 1334 [[House of Württemberg|Qoyska Württemberg]] hoostooda [[Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg|Ulrich III]]. 1519 Aichelberg waxaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba burburiyay askartii [[Swabian League|Isbahaysiga Swabian]]. 13 guri ayaa gubtay. Sanadkii 1525 intii lagu jiray [[German Peasants' War|Dagaalkii Beeralayda Jarmalka]], qalcaddii waa la gubay.

Sanadkii 1810 Aichelberg waxay timid Oberamt Kirchheim unter Teck. 19 May 1876 Aichelberg waxay noqotay degmo madaxbannaan. Intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka 1938 Aichelberg waxay timid [[Göppingen district|degmada Göppingen]].

=== Tirada dadka ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
! Taariikh
! Tirada dadka
|-
| 1837 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 303
|-
| 1907 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 330
|-
| 17 May 1939 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 289
|-
| 13 September 1950 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 460
|-
| 27 May 1970 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 688
|-
| 31 December 1983 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 867
|-
| 31 December 1990 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 884
|-
| 31 December 2000 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.194 
|-
| 31 December 2005 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.231
|-
| 31 December 2010 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.294
|}

==Golaha==
Golaha Aichelberg wuxuu leeyahay sideed xubnood. Waxaa lagu doortay doorashadii degmada 7 Juun 2009. Ka-qaybgalku wuxuu ahaa 54.7%, taas oo 4.1 boqolkiiba ka hoosaysay doorashadii maxalliga ahayd ee 2004. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statistik-bw.de/Wahlen/Kommunalwahlen_2009/Gem.asp?G=GE117002 Wahlergebnis beim Statistischen Landesamt Baden-Württemberg]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - la helay 26 Diseembar 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

==Duqa Magaalada==
Duqa magaalada Aichelberg waa Heike Schwarz, oo la doortay Oktoobar 2021.&lt;ref name=mayor/&gt;

==Crest==
[[File:DEU Aichelberg (Göppingen) COA.svg|thumb|70px|Crest]]
Blazon-ka jaakada gacanta ee degmada Aichelberg waa sida soo socota: Casaan korka ka xiga [[trimount|buur saddex geesood ah]] oo lacag (caddaan) ah saddex (2:1) acorn oo lacag ah oo kor u kacaya.

Caddaan-casaan waa midabada tirada Aichelberg. Acorn cagaaran oo ku yaal asalka lacagta ayaa matalayay bulshada 1949. Jaakada hadda ee hubka waxaa la soo bandhigay 25 Janaayo 1958, si loo kala saaro Aichelberg iyo degmada homonymous ee markaas jirtay ee degmada Esslingen, taas oo hadda qayb ka ah [[Aichwald]].

==Gaadiidka==
Sidoo kale eeg [[Drackensteiner Hang]]

Bundesautobahn 8 waxay dhaaftaa degmada Aichelberg oo leh bixitaanka Aichelberg. Jiirada Aichelberg waxaa loo isticmaalay dhismaha waddada weyn ee [[Third Reich|Reich-ka Saddexaad]] ee Albaufstieg, iyadoo laga gudbayo qiyaastii 380 mitir oo joog ah geeska waqooyi ee Alb. Dabaqa dooxadu waa qiyaastii kala badh dhererka u dhexeeya cagaha iyo bannaanka sare. Korodhka waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood, Aichelberg iyo [[Drackensteiner Hang]].

Kor u kaca dhinaca Aichelberg waxaa markii hore lagu maamulay buundo dheer oo qaloocan, Aichelberg-Viaduct. Ballaarinta kala duwan 1985-1990 buundadan waa laga saaray gebi ahaanba waxaana lagu beddelay kor u kac saddex-leh. Sawaxanka iyo boodhka ballaarinta, oo wakhtigaas ahaa mashruucii dhismaha waddooyinka ee ugu weynaa Yurub, waxay saameeyeen dadka deggan Aichelberg dhawr sano.

==Waxbarashada==
Aichelberg waxaa ku yaal beerta carruurta laakiin ma jiro dugsi. Ardayda Aichelberg waxay tagaan dugsiga hoose ee degmada deriska la ah ee [[Zell unter Aichelberg]].

==Suugaanta==
*Gemeinde Aichelberg, Sportverein Aichelberg: ''100 Jahre selbstständige Gemeinde Aichelberg.'' Aichelberg 1976.
* Jens Glasser, Thomas Buchtzik: ''Bau und Geschichte der Reichsautobahn am Albaufstieg.'' Arnstadt 2008.
* Heinz-Günther Grüneklee. &quot;Zeitgenössische Berichte aus der Parochie Aichelberg (Schurward) von 1804 bis 1921&quot;. Hennecke 1995, {{ISBN|978-3-927981-45-4}}

==Tixraacyo==
{{Commonscat}}
{{reflist}}

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    <title>Aichtal</title>
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      <text bytes="36447" sha1="jbv2o74dfaj3wxlhi58zv7iewhhmpmy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|type = Stadt
|image_photo = Aichtal-Groetzingen Burgstrasse.jpg
|image_coa = Wappen Aichtal.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|48|37|22|N|9|14|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aichtal in ES.svg
|state = 
|region = Stuttgart
|district = Esslingen
|elevation = 311
|area = 23.6
|postal_code = 72631
|area_code = 07127
|licence = ES
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 16 081
|divisions = 3
|website = [http://www.aichtal.de/ www.aichtal.de]
|mayor = Sebastian Kurz&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 12 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;28
|party = FW
}}

[[File:Aichtalbruecke.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Buundada Aichtal]]
[[File:Groetzingen bei Nuertingen.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Sannadkii 1885]]

'''Aichtal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪçtaːl|-|De-Aichtal.ogg}}; [[Swabian German|Swabian]]: ''Oechtal'') waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Esslingen (district)|Esslingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa 18&amp;nbsp;km koonfurta [[Stuttgart]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Stuttgart Region]] (ilaa 1992 ''Region Mittlerer Neckar'') iyo [[Metropolitan Region Stuttgart|Gobolka Metropoliska Stuttgart]]. Degmada, oo la aasaasay 1975 iyada oo qayb ka ah dib-u-habaynta degmada oo ka kooban saddexda degmo ee Grötzingen, Aich iyo Neuenhaus, waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaarayso qiyaastii 10,000.

== Juqraafiga ==
=== Goobta juqraafiyeed ===
Aichtal waxay ku taallaa cidhifka koonfureed ee bannaanka [[Filder]] ee dooxada [[Aich (river)|Aich]], oo ah durdur bidix oo ka mid ah [[Neckar]]. Waxaa ka soocay dooxada Neckar buuraha Galgenberg, Kleinbergle iyo Schaichberg. Degmada Neuenhaus, oo ku taal xagal-beedka dooxada ay sameeyeen Aich iyo [[Schaich (Fluss)|Schaich]], waxay inta badan ka tirsan tahay [[Naturpark Schönbuch]]. Jiirada dhoobada ee dooxada Aich waxaa lagu daboolay bannaano iyo beeraha miraha. Magaaladu waxay ku fidday 295 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda ilaa 498 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda ee ''Betzenberg'' ee [[Schönbuch]].

=== Balaarinta magaalada ===
Magaaladu waxay daboolaysaa bedka 23.64 kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, taas oo 3.48 kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran ay deggan yihiin. Iyadoo 10.49 kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, kaymaha ayaa daboolaya ku dhawaad kala badh degmada, oo ay ku jiraan 8.12 kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran ee Schönbuch. Fiditaanka magaalada waa 11.0 kiiloomitir xagga galbeed ilaa bari oo ay weheliso webiga Aich iyo 3.4 kiiloomitir oo ku sii jeeda waqooyi-koonfur.

===Degmooyinka deriska la ah ===
Degmooyinka deriska la ah waa [[Filderstadt]] oo ku taal waqooyiga, [[Wolfschlugen]] oo ku taal waqooyi-bari, [[Nürtingen]] oo ku taal bariga, [[Neckartailfingen]] iyo [[Schlaitdorf]] oo ku taal koonfurta, [[Walddorfhäslach]] oo ku taal koonfur-galbeed iyo [[Waldenbuch]] ([[District of Böblingen]]) oo ku taal galbeedka.

=== Qaybaha magaalada ===
Aichtal waxay ka kooban tahay saddex degmo ''Grötzingen'' (qiyaastii 4300&amp;nbsp;oo qof; 7,68&amp;nbsp;kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran), '''Aich''' (qiyaastii 3100&amp;nbsp;oo qof; 6,11&amp;nbsp;kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran) iyo '''Neuenhaus''' (qiyaastii 2200&amp;nbsp;oo qof; 9,85&amp;nbsp;kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran). Degmada Rudolfshöhe oo si gooni ah loo kala soocay waxay ka tirsan tahay Aich, aagga la deggan yahay ee ''Bergwirtshaus'' waxaa lagu daray degmada Grötzingen.&lt;ref&gt;''Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. Band III: Regierungsbezirk Stuttgart, Regionalverband Mittlerer Neckar.'' Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, {{ISBN|3-17-004758-2}}, S. 183–186.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
Janaayo 1, 1975, intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka, magaalada cusub ee Grötzingen waxaa laga aasaasay magaalada Grötzingen iyo degmooyinka madax-bannaan ee Aich iyo Neuenhaus. Ka dib markii ay ka soo horjeesteen dadka Aich iyo Neuenhaus, halkaas oo qaybo ka mid ah dadweynuhu ay dareemayeen inay hoos u dhaceen magacaas awgiis, magaalada waxaa loo magacaabay Aichtal Ogosto 1, 1978.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|via=[[Statistisches Bundesamt]]|title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27.5.1970 bis 31.12.1982|publisher=W. Kohlhammer|location=Stuttgart/Mainz|year=1983|isbn=3-17-003263-1|page=461}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xiriirka maamulka ===
Hirgelinta qaybinta maamulka ee Württemberg ee [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Boqortooyada Württemberg]], magaalada Grötzingen iyo labada tuulo ee Aich iyo Neuenhaus waxaa loo xilsaaray [[Oberamt Nürtingen]] 1806. Intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta degmada intii lagu jiray [[NS period in Württemberg|xilligii NS ee Württemberg]] waxay yimaadeen [[Landkreis Nürtingen|Landkreis]] magac isku mid ah 1938. 1945, magaalooyinku waxay noqdeen qayb ka mid ah [[American occupation zone|aagga qabsashada Ameerika]] sidaas darteed waxay ka tirsanaayeen gobolka cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Württemberg-Baden]], kaas oo lagu daray gobolka hadda ee Baden-Württemberg 1952. 1973 [[District Reform of Baden-Wuerttemberg 1973|District Reform in Baden-Wuerttemberg]] ayaa dhacay, kaas oo magaalooyinku ay noqdeen qayb ka mid ah degmada Esslingen.

=== Grötzingen ===
[[File:Wappen Aichtal.svg|66px|left|Grötzinger Crest]]
Dadku waxay ku noolaayeen aaggan tan iyo [[Neolithic Age|xilligii Neolithic]]. Waqtigani waxaa jira helitaanno qalab dhagax ah iyo jajabka dheriga.

Dukumentiga boqorka [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Heinrich IV]] 1075 ''Gretzingan'' waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay. Dukumentigan wuxuu ku saabsanaa canabka Grötzingen, oo ka tirsanaa kaniisadda Hirsau. Deganaanshaha Alemannic wuxuu soo baxay ugu dambeyntii qarnigii 7-aad wuxuuna ku yaallay dooxada Altgrötzinger ee maanta. Magaca wuxuu u badan yahay inuu dib ugu laabto hoggaamiye qabiil oo loo yaqaan ''Gretz''.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 13-aad, mid ka mid ah sayidyada Grötzinger uu dhisay qalcaddii moated oo leh beer ku taal qaybta koonfureed ee calaamadda tuulada ee webiga yar ee Aich. Aasaaska magaalada Grötzingen wuxuu dhacay qiyaastii 1275 by knight Diepold von [[Bernhausen (noble family)|Bernhausen]], oo taageeray boqorka [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf von Habsburg]] wuxuuna dhisay magaalada si ay u noqoto qalcaddii ka dhanka ah Württemberg Nürtingen, oo kasbanaysay saameyn. 1304 Grötzingen waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu diiwaangeliyay magaalada, dadka tuulada asalka ah waxay u guureen darbiyadeeda, tuuladii hore waxay noqotay dayactir. 1337 wiilka Diepolds wuxuu iibiyay magaalada Grötzingen si [[Württemberg|Württemberg]].

Qarnigii 14-aad ilaa 16-aad Grötzingen waxay ahayd kursiga [[Oberamt (Württemberg)|Oberamt]], kaas oo Aich, Neckartailfingen, Neckartenzlingen, Neuenhaus iyo Wolfschlugen ay ka tirsanaayeen. Ka dib Grötzingen waxay timid xafiiska Nürtingen.

[[Schmalkaldic War|Dagaalkii Schmalkaldic]] dadka deggan Grötzingen waxay iibiyeen qoryahooda 1546 lacag la'aan awgeed. Markii askartii boobka wadeen ay soo dhowaadeen, waxay qodeen dhuumaha ceelka alwaaxda ah waxayna ku riixeen darbiyada magaalada. Tan iyo markii askartii soo dhowaadeen ay ku khaldameen qoryo, waxay u dhaqaaqeen iyaga oo aan weerarin magaalada.

Sannadihii 1634/1635 243 Grötzinger iyo 194 Neckartailfinger muwaadiniin ah, oo magan-gelyo u raadiyay halkan ka dib burburkii magaaladooda, waxay noqdeen dhibanayaal [[Plague (disease)|daacuunka]]. Ka dib [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]] magaaladu waxay tirisay kaliya saddex meelood meel ka mid ah dadweynaha&amp;nbsp;- Grötzingen waxay ka timid kii labaad ee ugu qanisan ilaa meesha ugu saboolsan ee xafiiska Nürtingen. Baahidu waxay ku qasabtay dad badan oo sabool ah inay u haajiraan horraantii qarnigii 18-aad, inta badan Waqooyiga Ameerika.

1845 dab weyn ayaa burburiyay 13 dhismo oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada, oo ay ku jiraan hoolka magaalada iyo dugsiga.

=== Aich ===
[[File:Wappen Aich.png|66px|left|Aicher Crest]]
[[File:Aichtal-Aich Kirchweg 05.jpg|300px|thumb|right]]
Aich waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay 1103 dukumentiga deeqda ah ee walaalaha Wernher iyo Wolfram von Eichacha. 1312 hantida sayidyada Bernhausen ee Aich waa la caddayn karaa, laakiin waxay u iibisay 1319 deeqda haweenka ee kaniisadda xaafadda. &quot;Vogte von Aich&quot; waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin dad sharaf leh. Waxay ahaayeen addoomo knightly ah oo ka tirsan Counts Palatine of Tübingen (khadka Herrenberg). Reeves ee Aich sidoo kale waxay lahaayeen hanti ku taal Neuenhaus iyo Schlaitdorf. 1369 tuulada waxaa iibsaday Reutlingen Sperwern 550 rodol heller. Waxay markaa iibisay tan Württemberg 1382 oo leh Herrenberg dominion. Württemberg waxaa la siiyay Grötzingen Amt, ka dib, ka dib markii la kala diray bilowgii qarnigii 16-aad, ilaa Amt ee Nürtingen.
1383 tuulada waxay tirisay laba iyo toban &quot;Hüblin&quot; (beeraha yaryar). Dukumentigii ugu da'da weynaa ee kaydka degmada Esslingen wuxuu caddaynayaa 1404 enfeoffment ee Heinz Stoll ee Bernhausen oo leh ''Bombachmühle'', [[Mühlenzwang|shiid]] loogu talagalay dadka Aich; shiidkan waxaa dib loogu celin karaa 1369.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.landkreis-esslingen.de/servlet/PB/menu/1122555_l1/index.html|title= Landkreis Esslingen, Archivgeschichte|date= 21 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dagaalkii magaalada Koonfurta Jarmalka ee 1449 tuulada waxaa inta badan gubay Reutlingeners.
1586 Aich waxaa mar kale ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba burburiyay dab waxaana dib loo dhisay iyadoo la raacayo jihada dhisaha ducal [[Heinrich Schickhardt]]. Goobta waxaa loo tixgeliyey xarunta juqraafiyeed ee [[duchy of Württemberg|duchy ee Württemberg]].

Aprel 20, 1945, goobta waxaa qabsaday oo boobay askar Faransiis ah, inta badan Moroccans.
{{clear left}}

=== Neuenhaus ===
[[File:Wappen Neuenhaus.png|66px|left|Neuenhaus Crest]]
At [[Betzenberg (Schönbuch)|Betzenberg]] waxaa jira dhowr tuulooyin aasitaan ah oo ka yimid [[Hallstatt period|xilligii Hallstatt]] iyo sidoo kale raadad badan iyo qabuuraha [[Roman Empire|xilligii Roomaanka]].

1312 Neuenhaus waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay dukumentiyada ''Neues Haus'' (''zem Niwenhuse''). Waxay ahayd [[water castle|qalcaddii biyaha]] ee [[County Palatine of Tübingen]], oo ku xigtay tuulada manorial la aasaasay. 1347 Neuenhaus horay ayaa loogu iibiyay Württemberg lacag la'aan awgeed. Ilaa bartamihii qarnigii 15-aad Speth waxay lahayd qalcaddii sida fiefdom. Aasaaska qalcaddii moated ee hore, guriga half-timbered ''Schlössle'' waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 1600.

Magaca berrin-banaanka ''Brustelberg'' ee jiirada Betzenberg waxay tilmaamaysaa xaqiiqda ah inay jirtay qalcaddii qarniyadii dhexe halkan, taas oo la degganaa ilaa 1670 ka dibna u dhacay burbur. Ka dib dhimashadii mulkiilihii ugu dambeeyay, ilma la'aan Junker Phillip Grempp von Freudenstein, qalcaddii waxay noqotay hantida Württemberg 1641, Friedrich von Ragowitz waxay u heshay sida amaahda Kunkel. Carmalkiisu waxay ahayd qofkii ugu dambeeyay ee deggan qalcadda, markii ay dhimatay 1670 qalcaddii waxay horeyba u ahayd xaalad burbur weyn.

Qarnigii 14-aad ilaa bartamihii qarnigii 20-aad ganacsiga dhoobada waxaa lagu dhaqmi jiray Neuenhaus. Dhoobada dhoobada waxay ka timid Betzenberg oo u dhow. Duke [[Ulrich (Württemberg)|Ulrich]] wuxuu qortay masters-ka dhoobada ee Lower Franconia, kuwaas oo uu u ballanqaaday alwaax bilaash ah Schönbuch. Sannadkii 1848 waxaa jiray 78&amp;nbsp;Hafnermeister goobta, i.e. ku dhawaad laba meelood meel ka mid ah dadka shaqeeya waxay ku dhaqmeen shaqadan. Sidan ayuu magaca caanka ah ee Swabian ''Häfner-Nuihausa'',&lt;ref&gt;Lutz Reichardt: ''Ortsnamenbuch des Kreises Esslingen.'' S. 75&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo horeyba uga soo muuqday diiwaanada rasmiga ah 1720, marka la barbar dhigo ''Katholisch-Nuihausa''&lt;ref&gt;Lutz Reichardt: ''Ortsnamenbuch des Kreis Esslingen.'' p. 77&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Neuhausen auf den Fildern]]). Tuulooyinka deriska ah dadka deggan Neuenhaus waxaa badanaa loogu yeeraa ''Häfner''.

Il kale oo dakhli ah waxay ahaayeen carsaanyo kuwaas oo lagu qabtay Schaich oo si joogto ah loogu iibiyay ilaa Stuttgart iyo Tübingen. Intaa waxaa dheer, khamriga waxaa lagu beeri jiray Uhlberg ilaa 1832.

=== Horumarinta magaalooyinka iyo dadweynaha ===
[[File:Aichtal-Groetzingen Schulstrasse.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Qaybta dib loo dhisay ee derbiga magaalada Grötzinger]]
Grötzingen iyo Aich, aagagga la deggan yahay ee jiirada koonfureed ee ka sarreeya xarumaha magaalada waxaa la soo saaray sannadihii dagaalka ka dib ilaa 1980-meeyadii. Grötzingen kuwan waa ''Schönblick'' (1948) iyo ''Blumensiedlung'' (1971), Aich ''Sulzäcker''&amp;nbsp;(1956) iyo ''Rudolfshöhe''&amp;nbsp;(1957) oo ku yaal waqooyi-bari ee tuulada iyo sidoo kale ''Steinenäcker'' iyo ''Gemeindeberg''&amp;nbsp;(1973). Neuenhaus waxay ballaarisay 1965 ilaa 1980-meeyadii dhismayaal cusub oo ay la socdaan wadada isku xirta Waldenbuch ilaa Nürtingen, ''Grörach'' iyo ''Sandäckern'' iyo jiirada Betzenberg. 1969 wixii ka dambeeyay, aagga warshadaha Aichholz waxaa la abuuray waqooyiga Aich. 1976 shirkadda [[Aldi]] waxay degtay ''Riedwiesen'' oo deris la ah.

Dhammaadkii 1990-meeyadii, ''Schönblicksiedlung'' waxaa kordhiyay aagga horumarinta ''Froschegert'', sida ay ahayd degsiimada ubaxa ee ku hareeraysan ''Hoher Rain''. Cidhifka waqooyi-bari ee Neuenhaus, aagagga dhismaha cusub ayaa sidoo kale la abuuray sannadihii ugu dambeeyay. Hadda, aagga la deggan yahay ee ''Weckholder'' ee u dhexeeya Grötzingen iyo Rudolfshöhe waxaa loo horumarinayaa sidii aag kale oo la deggan yahay.

2004, 4310 qoys ayaa lagu tiriyay Aichtal, taas oo u dhiganta celcelis ahaan qoyska 2.3 qof. Celceliska da'da dadweynaha waxay ahayd 39.9 sano.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Horumarinta dadweynaha ee Aichtal tan iyo 1572 iyo 1834
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot;|
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1572
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1654
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1703
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1745
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1803
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1810
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1824
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1834
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1843
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1852
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1861
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1871
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1885
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1895
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1900
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1905
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1910
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1919
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''Grötzingen'''
| 450
| 258
| 448
| 593
| 870
| 893
| 945
| 958
| 967
| 977
| 900
| 933
| 882
| 804
| 784
| 845
| 856
| 870
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''Aich'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 728
| 778
| 800
| 791
| 725
| 737
| 694
| 626
| 634
| 629
| 624
| 647
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''Neuenhaus'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 565
| 624
| 668
| 776
| 674
| 772
| 838
| 748
| 724
| 718
| 716
| 793
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot;| total
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.238
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.360
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.435
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.544
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.299
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.442
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.414
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.178
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.142
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.189
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.196
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.310
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot;|
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1925
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1933
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1939
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1946
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1950
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1956
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1961
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1965
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1970
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1975
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1980
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1985
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1990
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 1995
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 2000
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 2005
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 2010
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;| 2015
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''Grötzingen'''
| 869
| 831
| 848
| 1.239
| 1.283
|
| 1.862
|
| 2.453
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''Aich'''
| 635
| 662
| 660
| 909
| 971
|
| 1.600
|
| 2.224
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| '''Neuenhaus'''
| 806
| 867
| 864
| 1.089
| 1.141
|
| 1.413
|
| 1.767
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#EFEFEF&quot;| total
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.310
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.360
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 2.372
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 3.237
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 3.395
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 3.905
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 4.875
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 6.009
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 6.444
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 7.336
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 8.195
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 8.517
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 8.709
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 9.178
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 9.531
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 9.771
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 9.716
| bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; | 10.124
|}

=== Diimaha ===
[[File:Aichtal-Aich Kirchweg 04.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Kaniisadda ku taal Aich]]
Aichtal waxay ahayd Protestant inta badan tan iyo markii dib-u-habaynta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo 1954 waxaa jiray kaniisad Catholic ee Grötzingen iyo kaniisad New Apostolic ee Neuenhaus. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira kaniisad ka tirsan Iskaashatada Kaniisadda Protestant ee ''Württembergischer Brüderbund'' ee Neuenhaus. Kaniisadaha Protestant-ka ee Grötzingen, Aich, iyo Neuenhaus waxay ka tirsan yihiin ''[[Kirchenbezirk Nürtingen]]'' ee [[Evangelische Landeskirche in Württemberg]], halka kaniisadda Catholic ee Grötzingen-Harthausen ay ka tirsan tahay Deanery ee Esslingen-Nürtingen ee [[Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart]].

Grötzingen kaniisad waxaa la xaqiijiyay 1280, taas oo asal ahaan ka tirsanayd Neckartailfingen iyo halkaas oo 1375 kaniisad u gaar ah la aasaasay. Count [[Ulrich V. (Württemberg)|Ulrich V.]] wuxuu ku deeqay kaniisadda isbitaalka Kirchheim 1444/45. Kaniisadda magaalada ee maanta waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 1460 waxayna martay isbeddello waaweyn qarniyadii 19 iyo 20. Kaniisadda xaafadda Aich ayaa horey loo sheegay 1275. Via [[Denkendorf Monastery]] waxay timid xukunka Württemberg. Albanus Church ee maanta waxaa la dhisay bilowgii qarnigii 16-aad iyada oo la beddelay munaaradda dhinaca heesta Gothic ee dambe. 1343, kaniisad ku taal Neuenhaus ayaa la magacaabay, taas oo ka tirsanayd xaafadda Weil im Schönbuch. Xuquuqda ilaalin waxaa hayey [[Kloster Bebenhausen]]. Qarnigii 16-aad Neuenhaus waxay noqotay xaafad madax-bannaan. Kaniisadda maanta waa dhisme Gothic ah oo dambe oo laga soo bilaabo 1480, kaas oo dib loo dhisay dhowr jeer oo weli leh hees leh ribbed vaulting.

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Xarunta maamulka ===
Xarunta maamulka iyo goobta kulanka ee golaha degmada waa hoolka magaalada ee degmada Aich, oo la dhisay 1966.

=== Golaha Magaalada ===
Golaha degmada Aichtal wuxuu leeyahay 18 xubnood. Doorashadii maxalliga ahayd ee Baden-Württemberg 2019 waxay keentay natiijadii rasmiga ahayd ee ugu dambaysay ee soo socota.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.ntz.de/themen/wahlen-2019/gemeinderatswahl-und-kommunalwahl-2019/aichtal/|title= Wahlportal der Nürtinger Zeitung|access-date= 2020-05-02|archive-date= 2020-08-06|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200806062239/https://www.ntz.de/themen/wahlen-2019/gemeinderatswahl-und-kommunalwahl-2019/aichtal/|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Golaha maxalliga ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay lataliyayaasha maxalliga ah ee sharafta leh iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye. Duqa magaalada wuxuu xaq u leeyahay inuu ku codeeyo golaha degmada.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot;
|colspan=2 | '''Parties'''
|align=&quot;center&quot; | '''%&lt;br /&gt;2019'''
|align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Seats&lt;br /&gt;2019'''
|align=&quot;center&quot; | '''%&lt;br /&gt;2014'''
|align=&quot;Center&quot; | '''seats&lt;br /&gt;2014'''

|-
|align=left | FUW
|align=left | [[Freie Wähler Baden-Württemberg|Freie Unabhängige Wählervereinigung]]
| 26,36
| 5
| 23,59
| 4
|-
|align=left | CDU/BLA
|align=left | [[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands]]/Bürgerliste Aichtal
| 17,15
| 3
| 22,35
| 4
|-
|align=left | GRÜNE
|align=left | [[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen]]
| 23,83
| 4
| 22,16
| 4
|-
|align=left | SPD/UL
|align=left | [[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands]]/Unabhängige Liste
| 14,99
| 3
| 17,46
| 3
|-
|align=left | LIBERALE
|align=left | Aichtaler Liberale Bürger/FDP
| 17,67
| 3
| 14,44
| 3
|-
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot;
|colspan=2 align=left | '''Total'''
! 100
! 18
! 100
! 18
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot;
|colspan=2 align=left | '''Voter participation'''
! colspan=2| 66,62 %
! colspan=2| 56,58 %
|}
[[File:Aichtal-Aich altes Rathaus.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Hoolka magaalada hore ee Aich]]
[[File:Aichtal-Neuenhaus Rathaus.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Hoolka magaalada Neuenhaus]]

=== Duqa magaalada ===
Duqa magaalada waxaa lagu doortaa Baden-Württemberg muddo sideed sano ah. Lorenz Kruß waxaa loo doortay duqa magaalada cusub 22 Abriil 2012 50.24% codadkii ansaxa ahaa.

* 1976–1992: Manfred Stierle
* 1992–2012: Klaus Herzog
* seit 8. Juli 2012: Lorenz Kruß

=== Crest ===
blazoning: ''&quot;Under a golden (yellow) shield head, in it a black stag rod, divided five times by green and gold.&quot;''

Aichtal waxay sidataa jaakada gacanta ee magaaladii hore ee Grötzingen, taas oo dib loogu celin karo 1535. Waxay ku salaysan tahay shaabadda aasaasaha magaalada Diepold von Bernhausen, oo ay ku kabaan usha deerada Württemberg. Jaakadaha gacanta ee la midka ah waxaa laga heli karaa magaalada maanta [[Filderstadt]] iyo xaafaddii hore [[Bittenfeld]], halkaas oo mararka qaarkood ay xukumi jireen dadka sharafta leh ee Bernhausen.

Calanka magaaladu wuxuu leeyahay midabada cagaaran-jaalle (cagaaran-dahab). Jaakada gacanta iyo calanka waxaa la siiyay magaalada Aichtal 1978 xafiiska degmada Esslingen.

=== Town twinning ===
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Sümeg]] (Hungary), tan iyo 1990
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ligny-en-Barrois]] (France), tan iyo 12 Sebtember 1998

== Dhaqanka iyo indho-indheynta ==
=== Dhismayaal ===
[[File:VORTAC TGO Aichtal Germany 01.JPG|200px|thumb|right]]
[[File:Aichtal-Groetzingen Burgstrasse.jpg|200px|thumb|right|guri half-timbered ah oo ka yimid qarnigii 15-aad ee Burgstraße]]
[[File:Aichtal-Groetzingen Stadtkirche Grabplatte.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Gravestone ee aasaasaha magaalada Diepold von Bernhausen (†&amp;nbsp;1286) kaniisadda magaalada Grötzinger]]
Tan iyo markii magaalada Grötzingen ay ka badbaaday burbur weyn waagii hore, dhowr guryo half-timbered ah oo ka yimid qarnigii 15 iyo 16 ayaa la ilaaliyay. Indhaha waxaa ka mid ah dhismaha Hindenburgstraße&amp;nbsp;17 oo laga soo bilaabo 1558 suuqa, kaas oo u adeegay sidii dugsi laga soo bilaabo 1738 ilaa 1820 waxaana maanta loo isticmaalaa sidii hoolka xaafadda Protestant, iyo sidoo kale parsonage laga soo bilaabo 1683. Kaniisadda magaalada, oo la dhisay qiyaastii 1460 sidii dhisme gothic cusub oo kaniisad aad u da' weyn, ayaa si xoog leh loogu beddelay qarnigii 19 iyo 20. Aasaasaha magaalada Diepold von Bernhausen, oo dhintay 1286 meel u dhow Hedelfingen dagaalkii ka dhanka ah Württemberg, ayaa lagu aasay kaniisadda Romanesque ee ka horreysay. Kaliya raadadka derbiga magaalada, oo la dumiyay bilowgii qarnigii 19-aad oo lahaa laba iyo toban munaaradood iyo saddex iridood, ayaa la ilaaliyay. 1968 wixii ka dambeeyay, qaybo ka mid ah&amp;nbsp;- oo ay ku jiraan xabsiga iyo munaaradda budada&amp;nbsp;- dib ayaa loo dhisay.

Buundada Aichtal, oo la dhisay 1979 ilaa 1983, waa dhererka 1161 mitir buundada waddooyinka ugu dheer ee Jarmalka. Waxay ku fidsan tahay dooxada Aich iyo Bombach ee u dhexeeya Aich iyo Neuenhaus joogga 52 mitir oo ka sarreeya dabaqa dooxada. On Betzenberg, cidhifka galbeed ee degmada ee ka sarreeya Waldenbuch, waa munaaradda isgaarsiinta Waldenbuch, oo la dhisay 1976, taas oo laga arki karo fog fog joogga 146 mitir. Dhisme kale oo cajiib ah oo ka yimid waqtiyadii dhowaa waa [[VHF omnidirectional range]] ee Kleinbergle, kaas oo loo isticmaalo socodka hawada.

=== Dabeecadda ===
Aichtal waxay ku taallaa si toos ah [[Naturpark Schönbuch]], qaybta waqooyi-bari ee ka tirsan aagga magaalada. Waxaad gaari kartaa Tübingen ama Herrenberg lug ama baaskiil waddooyinka socodka la calaamadeeyay adigoon ka tagin kaynta. [[Schaich (river)|Schaichvalley]], oo hoos yimaada ilaalinta dabiiciga ah, waxay ku fidsan tahay inta u dhexeysa Betzenberg iyo Schaichberg in ka badan siddeed kiiloomitir laga bilaabo Neuenhaus ilaa [[Dettenhausen]]. Dhirta riparian ee cagaaran iyo sidoo kale harooyinka iyo balliyada ayaa qeexaya dooxada muuqaalka leh, oo hoy u ah noocyada naadirka ah sida [[kingfisher]], [[fire salamander]] iyo [[dipper]].

Waqooyiga Neuenhaus waa [[Uhlberg (Schönbuch)|Uhlberg]] oo leh munaaradda daawashada [[Uhlbergturm]] iyo aagga barbecuuga, kaas oo sidoo kale si toos ah loogu gaari karo lugtii Aich. [[Siebenmühlental (Schönbuch)|Siebenmühlental]] wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Burkhardtsmühle, isku xirka Reichenbach iyo Aich, kaas oo waddo socod oo asphalt ah ay u horseeddo Leinfelden.

=== Tiyaatarka ===
Tan iyo 1954 Grötzinger ''Galgenberg'' (''Gallows Hill'') waxaa loo isticmaalay goob loogu talagalay bandhigyada tiyaatarka. [[Naturtheater Grötzingen]] waxay halkaas ku qabataa laba bandhig xagaa kasta, mid carruurta ah iyo mid dadka waaweyn ah. Qubada la taaban karo ee la dhisay 1978 waxaa jira qol loogu talagalay 850 daawadayaal.

=== Matxafyada ===
Matxafka Taariikhda Deegaanka ee Grötzingen iyo Neuenhaus Hafner Museum waxay bixiyaan aragti ku saabsan waagii hore ee labada magaalo.

=== Isboortiga ===
Aichtal waxay leedahay saddex kooxood oo kubbadda cagta ah, laba kooxood oo tennis ah iyo laba kooxood oo isboortiga biyaha ah. Laba kooxood oo kalluumaysi, koox toogasho, koox tennis miiska, koox volleyball iyo sidoo kale koox ski iyo aikido ayaa dhammaystiraya dalabka isboortiga. Barkadda dabaasha ee gudaha ee Neuenhaus, oo jirtay tan iyo 1974, waxaa inta badan dumiyay bartamihii 1990-meeyadii, dib ayaa loo dhisay waxaana dib loo furay sidii barkad dabaasha beerta. Goobta barkadda dabaasha ee gudaha ee cidhifka Schönbuch waxay ogolaataa aragti ka timid saddexda qaybood ee magaalada ilaa [[Three Imperial Mountains|Saddexda Buur ee Boqortooyada]].

=== Muusigga ===
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira laba kooxood oo muusig ah Aich iyo Neuenhaus, ''Spielmannszug'' ee waaxda dab-damiska Grötzingen, saddex kooxood oo heesayaal ah iyo koox accordion ah Grötzingen.

=== Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah ===
Dhacdooyinka waaweyn ee laga yaqaan gobolka waxaa ka mid ah suuqa guga Grötzinger (dhammaadka Maarso), xafladda biirka Bock ee Neuenhaus (Maajo), xafladda xagaaga ee ururka muusigga ee Aich (Luulyo), Grötzinger Städtlesfest (dhammaadka Luulyo/bilowga Ogosto) iyo xafladda tuulada Häfner ee Neuenhaus (Sebtember).

== Dhaqaalaha iyo Kaabayaasha ==
=== Taraafikada ===
[[File:Aichtalbruecke.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Aichtalbridge]]
Magaalada waxaa lagu gaari karaa baabuur Stuttgart, Reutlingen iyo Tübingen qiyaastii 25 daqiiqo iyada oo loo marayo [[Bundesstraße 27|B 27]] ama [[Bundesstraße 312|312]]. [[Stuttgart Airport|Madaarka Stuttgart]] iyo isgoysyada ugu dhow ee [[Bundesautobahn 8|A8]] waa qiyaastii toban kiiloomitir. B&amp;nbsp;27 waxay ku socotaa afarta waddo ee [[Aichtalbridge]] inta u dhexeysa Aich iyo Neuenhaus, B&amp;nbsp;312 oo ku taal buundada laba-waddo ee u dhexeysa Grötzingen iyo Aich. Xiriirka B&amp;nbsp;27 wuxuu jiraa kaliya laga bilaabo iyo Stuttgart, xiriirka laga bilaabo iyo jihada Tübingen, kaas oo ay dalbadeen magaalada iyo warshadaha sannado badan, weli lama xaqiijin. Wadada gobolka 1185 waxay ka horseeddaa Nürtingen iyada oo loo marayo Aichtal iyo Waldenbuch ilaa Böblingen.

Khadadka baska 167, 805, 808 iyo 809 waxay ku xiraan Aichtal iyo Filderstadt-Bernhausen (xiriirka [[S-Bahn Stuttgart|S-Bahn]]), Nürtingen ([[Neckar-Alb-Bahn]]) iyo Neckartenzlingen. Hawlwadeenka khadadkan waa shirkadda baska [[Omnibus Melchinger|Melchinger]], oo ku taal Aichtal. Maalmaha shaqada, khadka 760 ee [[Omnibus Müller|FMO]] ayaa sidoo kale orda laba ilaa saddex jeer maalintii laga bilaabo Neuenhaus iyada oo loo marayo Waldenbuch iyo Böblingen ilaa warshadda Mercedes-Benz ee Sindelfingen. Dhammaan gaadiidka dadweynaha ayaa laga heli karaa qiimo lebis gudaha [[Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart|VVS]].

=== Shaqada ===
Tan iyo 30 Juun 2010, 3654 qof ayaa loo shaqeeyay iyadoo lagu xukumo tabarucaadka amniga bulshada, kuwaas oo 3113, i.e. 85 boqolkiiba, ay u shaqeeyeen sidii dad socdaal ah oo ka baxsan Aichtal. Sidoo kale, waxaa jiray 2013&amp;nbsp;dad socdaal ah oo ku noolaa meel ka baxsan Aichtal, si wadarta guud ee 2554 shaqaale ah oo lagu xukumo tabarucaadka amniga bulshada ay uga shaqeynayeen Aichtal. Kuwan, 71 boqolkiiba waxay ka shaqeeyeen warshadaha wax soo saarka iyo 29 boqolkiiba qaybta adeegga. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka Wakaaladda Shaqada ee Federaalka, celcelis ahaan 204 qof ayaa shaqo la'aan ahaa 2010, taas oo u dhiganta heerka shaqo la'aanta oo ah 4.7 boqolkiiba.

Tirada ganacsiyada beeraha ee Aichtal ayaa hoos u dhacay 285 1961 ilaa 18 2007.

=== Shirkadaha deggan ===
* [[Putzmeister]], soo saaraha ugu horreeya ee [[concrete pump|bamka la taaban karo]] oo leh 15 shirkadood oo adduunka oo dhan ah, waxay xarunteedu tahay Aichtal tan iyo 1971. Iyada oo leh in ka badan 800 oo shaqaale ah, shirkaddu waa loo-shaqeeyaha ugu weyn magaalada.
* [[Pago (mechanical engineering)|Pago Labelling Systems]], shirkadda Jarmalka ee Swiss Pago Group tan iyo 1978, waxay soo saartaa Aichtal ma aha oo kaliya nidaamyada summada laakiin sidoo kale in ka badan saddex bilyan oo sumado isku dhejisan oo loogu talagalay qurxinta alaabta sannad kasta. Pago waxay shaqaalaysiisaa qiyaastii 500 oo qof Aich.
* Aldi Aichtal waa shirkad goboleed oo ka tirsan silsiladda tafaariiqda [[Aldi Süd]], taas oo ay ku jiraan qiyaastii 70 laamood oo u dhexeeya Kaynta Madow ee woqooyi iyo bariga Alb. Laamaha waxaa laga keenaa bakhaarka dhexe, oo la dhisay 1976 oo la ballaariyay dhowr jeer, kaas oo daboolaya bedka 50,000 oo mitir laba jibbaaran.
* Maanta, warshadda sauerkraut Kimmich waa mid ka mid ah labadii ugu dambeeyay ee 17-kii shirkadood ee hore ee ka baaraandega [[Filderkraut]] ee caanka ah ee qaranka.

=== Warbaahinta ===
''[[Nürtinger Zeitung]]'' waxay ka warbixisaa dhacdooyinka Aichtal. Marka laga reebo [[Stuttgarter Zeitung]] iyo [[Stuttgarter Nachrichten]] waxaa loo qaybiyaa qaybta maxalliga ah ee degmada Esslingen. Tan iyo 1975 ''Mitteilungsblatt'' ee degmada waxaa la daabacaa toddobaadle. Waraaqaha xayeysiiska ee toddobaadlaha ah waa ''Filder-Extra'' iyo ''Nürtinger Echo''. 1995 ilaa 2010 ''Aichtaler Echo'' ayaa soo baxay intaa dheer.

=== Hay'adaha dadweynaha ===
Waaxda Dab-damiska ee Aichtal waxay mas'uul ka tahay dab-damiska iyo gargaarka shilalka ee aagga magaalada. Waxay ka kooban tahay waaxyo firfircoon mid kasta oo ka mid ah saddexda degmo oo leh wadar ahaan 10 baabuur oo degdeg ah, waaxda muusigga ee Grötzingen iyo waaxda dab-damiska ee dhalinyarada.

Waxaa jira toban xanaanada degmada Aichtal&amp;nbsp;- shan Grötzingen, saddex Aich, laba Neuenhaus&amp;nbsp;- iyo intaa dheer hal xanaanada Waldorf ee Grötzingen.

Guriga dhalinyarada iyo carruurta ayaa u furan maalin kasta dhalinyarada u dhexeeya lix ilaa 25 sano. Dibadda waxaa jira [[halfpipe]], garoon volleyball iyo garoon streetball. Gudaha guriga ciyaaraha sida billiards, table football, tennis miiska ama darts ayaa diyaar u ah iyo sidoo kale PCs internetka. Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah waxaa ka mid ah discos, riwaayado dhagax iyo habeenno filim.

Maktabadda degmada Aichtal ee Grötzinger Helenenheim oo leh kaydka 21.000&amp;nbsp;warbaahinta ayaa u furan dhammaan muwaadiniinta.

=== Waxbarashada ===
Marka laga reebo dugsiga aasaasiga ah iyo sare ee Grötzingen oo leh Werkrealschule, kaas oo bixiya daryeel maalin-buuxa, waxaa jira dugsiyo aasaasi ah Aich iyo Neuenhaus. Dugsiyada sare waxay ku yaallaan magaalooyinka deriska la ah Nürtingen iyo Filderstadt iyo sidoo kale Neckartenzlingen. Volkshochschule Nürtingen waxay haysataa laan ku taal Aichtal. Intaa waxaa dheer, degmada Neuenhaus waxay hoy u ahayd Karl Schubert Seminar, dugsi farsamo oo anthroposophical ah oo loogu talagalay shaqada bulshada, halkaas oo qaybta aragtida ee tababarka si loo noqdo barbaarinta daaweynta ee gobolku ansixiyay la dhammaystiri karo. Tan iyo 2011 seminaarku wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Wolfschlugen]].

=== Bixinta iyo qashin-qaadista ===
==== Bixinta tamarta ====
Grötzingen waxaa koronto laga keenay tan iyo 1910, Aich iyo Neuenhaus tan iyo 1912. Maanta, shabakadda korontada waxaa maamula [[EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg|EnBW]].&lt;ref&gt;BDEW (Hrsg.): ''Karte der Stromnetzbetreiber 2012.'' Frankfurt 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Bixinta gaaska ====
Bixinta gaaska ayaa ka jirta degmooyinka Aich iyo Grötzingen, halkaas oo shabakadda gaaska dabiiciga ah ay maamusho [[EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg|EnBW]].&lt;ref&gt;BDEW (Hrsg.): ''Karte der Gasnetzbetreiber 2012.'' Frankfurt 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Bixinta biyaha ====
Aichtal waa xubin ka tirsan ururrada ujeeddada gaarka ah [[Filderwasserversorgung]] (Fiwa) iyo [[Lake Constance Water Supply]] (BWV). Grötzingen waxaa qayb ahaan laga keenay biyo ka yimid River Neckar by Fiwa tan iyo 1943 iyo si buuxda tan iyo 1951, sida Aich tan iyo 1957. Biyaha Neuenhaus waxay ka yimaadaan guga u gaarka ah ee suufiyada iyo tan iyo 1970 sidoo kale BWV. Celceliska isticmaalka qofkiiba maalin kasta waa 121&amp;nbsp;litir.

==== Qashinka wasakhda ====
Magaaladu waxay maamushaa warshad daaweynta wasakhda bariga Grötzingen si ay u daaweyso wasakhda.

==== Qashinka qashinka ====
Qashinka qashinka waxaa abaabula shirkadda maareynta qashinka Esslingen, shirkad ay leedahay degmada Esslingen.

== Dadka caanka ah ==

=== Wiilal iyo gabdho ka tirsan magaalada ===
* [[Christoph Binder (theologian)|Christoph Binder]] (1519-1596), Protestant wadaad, abbot ee Adelberg monastery
* [[Peter Maiwald]] (1946-2008), qoraa
* [[Angelika Matt-Heidecker]] (* 1953), qareen iyo siyaasi (SPD)
* [[Peter Bäuerle]] (* 1956 ee degmada Grötzingen), chemist

=== Dadka caanka ah ee ka shaqeeyay deegaanka ===
* [[Paul Maar]] (* 1937), qoraaga buugaagta carruurta wuxuu ku noolaa dhowr sano degmada Grötzingen.

== Suugaanta ==
* Günter Klock (publisher): ''Aichtal in alten Ansichten.'' Europäische Bibliothek, Zaltbommel/Niederlande 1998, {{ISBN|90-288-6566-7}}.
* Günter Klock (publisher): ''Grötzingen – Einblicke in die Vergangenheit.'' Geiger, Horb 1987, {{ISBN|3-89264-160-9}}.
* ''Das Land Baden-Württemberg.'' Volume 3. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, {{ISBN|3-17-004758-2}}, p. 183–186.
* ''Orts-Chronik der Gemeinde Neuenhaus (Häfner-Neuhausen).'' Gemeindeverwaltung Neuenhaus 1973.
* Erich Keyser (publisher): ''Württembergisches Städtebuch.'' Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1962, p. 101–102.
* [[Hans Schwenkel]]: ''Heimatbuch des Kreises Nürtingen.'' Volume II. Kreisverband Nürtingen 1953, p. 65–80/259–282/692–707.
* Otto Schuster: ''Heimatgeschichte der Stadt Grötzingen.'' Buchdruckerei Karl Henzler, Nürtingen 1929.
* ''Der Landkreis Esslingen'' – Hrsg. vom Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg i.&amp;nbsp;V. mit dem Landkreis Esslingen, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-7995-0842-1}}, volume 1, p. 233–251.
* Bodo Cichy: ''Die Mauern von Grötzingen, Kreis Esslingen. Denkmalpflege in einer kleinen Stadtgemeinde.'' In: ''Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg'', 2. Jg. 1973, publication 3, p. 16–25. ([http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/fileadmin/media/publikationen_und_service/nachrichtenblaetter/archiv/1973-3.pdf PDF; 10,3 MB] {{Wayback|url=http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/fileadmin/media/publikationen_und_service/nachrichtenblaetter/archiv/1973-3.pdf |date=20150923215707 }})

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.aichtal.de/ Stadt Aichtal (in german)]
* [https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/554/Aichtal Aichtal] bei [[LEO-BW]]

{{commons category}}
{{Wikisource|Beschreibung des Oberamts Nürtingen/Kapitel B 2|Aich|in der [[:s:Beschreibung des Oberamts Nürtingen|Beschreibung des Oberamts Nürtingen]] von 1848}}

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    <title>Aitrang</title>
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      <text bytes="7660" sha1="cze1fzu6wxs0tl975r2j88z6e3x8aiq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|image_coa            = Wappen von Aitrang.svg
|image_photo = Aitrang - Elbsee nördl - Aitrang v SO, Sommer.JPG
|image_caption = Aitrang oo laga arkay koonfur-bari
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|49|N|10|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aitrang in OAL.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Schwaben
|district         = Ostallgäu
|elevation              = 745
|area              = 30.73
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09777111
|postal_code       = 87648
|area_code         = 08343
|licence           = OAL
|mayor             = Michael Hailand&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 Luulyo 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
|website           = [http://www.aitrang.de www.aitrang.de]
}}

'''Aitrang''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪtʁaŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Ostallgäu]] ee [[Bayern]] ee [[Jarmalka]].

== Juqraafiga ==
Aitrang waxay ku taallaa koonfurta gobolka Bavarian ee [[Allgäu]].

Waxay ka kooban tahay [[degmooyin]]: Aitrang, Huttenwang, Wenglingen. Mas'uuliyadda maamulku waxay sidoo kale ku fidsan tahay tuulooyinka ka fog ee Binnings, Goerwangs, Krähberg, Neuenried, Wolfholz, Münzenried iyo Umwangs iyo sidoo kale dhowr beerood. Degmadu waxay sidoo kale dabooshaa [[List of lakes in Bavaria|Eibsee]] (harada).

== Taariikhda ==
Diiwaankii ugu horreeyay ee qoran ee Aitrang waxaa laga heli karaa diiwaannada Boqorka Franken [[Pepin the Short]] (741–768) halkaas oo tuulada lagu xusay. Tuulada waxaa loo tixgeliyey inay tahay hantida [[Reichsvogtei]] (Hoyga Abbot) iyo [[St. Mang's Abbey, Füssen|St. Mang's Abbey]], [[Füssen]], laga soo bilaabo 1827-kii ayaana la saxiixay oo lagu soo oogay Maamulka Maxkamadda Hoose. Reichsvogtei-ga waxaa marar badan la qaaday sababo la xiriira deymaha, ugu dambeyntiina waxaa la iibiyay 1524-tii [[Fürststift Kempten]]. Muddo ka hor sannadkii 1803 xuquuqda tuulada waxaa loo qaybiyay magaalada [[Kempten]] (xagga galbeedka) iyo Abbey of St. Mang ee Füssen xagga koonfurta. Sannadkii 1803 tuulada waxaa ugu dambeyntii loo qoondeeyay Duke (Fürsten|Fürst) ee Oettingen-Wallerstein. Sannadkii 1806 isbeddel kale ayaa dhacay markii gobolka loo guuriyay qayb ka mid ah [[Rheinbund]]akte oo loo dhiibay gobolka Bavaria. Sida qayb ka mid ah dib-u-habaynta Maamulka Bavarian sannadkii 1818 tuulada waxay qaadatay foomka sharciga ah kaas oo sii jiray ilaa 1978 markii degmo-hoosaadyada Huttenwang, [[Hamlet (place)|Hamlet]] ee Neuenried, Umwangs iyo Wolfholz lagu daray Aitrang. Sannadkii 1982 Hamlet ee Wenglingen (oo hore uga mid ahaa Apfeltrang oo u dhow [[Kaufbeuren]]) ayaa la qaatay ka dib [[referendum]] maxalli ah.

=== Koritaanka Dadweynaha ===
Xuduudaha casriga ah ee xuduudda siyaasadeed ee tuulada, koritaanku waa sida soo socota
1970 Aitrang waxay lahayd 1,632 qof, 1987 waxay lahayd 1,757 iyo 2000 1.942.

== Diinta ==

Inta badan dadka deggan Aitrang waa Catholics, si kastaba ha ahaatee waxaa jira tiro yar oo ka tirsan iimaanka Protestant. Kaniisadda kaliya ee tuulada lafteeda waa kaniisadda [[Ulrich of Augsburg|Ulrich]], oo loogu magacdaray Beneficiary of [[Augsburg]]. Kaniisadda waxaa u adeega wadaadka Maximilian Hieble, kaas oo sidoo kale mas'uul ka ah qabashada adeegyada bulshada ee Huttenwang. Gudaha Wenglingen waxaa sidoo kale ku yaalla kaniisad yar oo loo yaqaan [[Rosinakapelle]]. Gudaha Görwangs waxaa ku yaalla (buur ku taal waqooyiga oo ka dulaysa tuulada) kaniisadda Pilgrims ee qurxoon ee [[St. Alban]].

== Siyaasadda ==
Duqa magaalada waa Michael Hailand, oo la doortay Maarso 2020.&lt;ref name=mayor/&gt;

Sannadkii 1999 canshuuraha bulshada ee la ururiyay waxay ahaayeen gobolka 900,000 Euros, kuwan waxaa ku jiray canshuuraha Ganacsiga oo gaarayay 224,000 Euros.

=== Astaanta ===
Astaanta tuulada waa ''&quot;gaashaan si toos ah loo qaybiyay; dhinaca bidix si siman loogu qaybiyay Cas iyo Buluug, dhinaca midig waa lacag (ama caddaan warqad ah) oo leh shaqaale toosan oo Abbots ah oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin laba Qaanso oo Buluug ah (aan lahayn fallaaro).&quot;''

== Ganacsiga iyo Kaabayaasha ==

=== Ganacsiga iyo Beeraha iyo Kaymaha ===
Qaybta ganacsiga ee Beeraha iyo Kaymaha waxaa jiray lix ciyaartoy sannadkii 1998 oo leh 193 shaqaale wax soo saar ah, ganacsiga iyo gaadiidka 20 shaqaale joogto ah. Ganacsiyada kale waxaa jiray 79 shaqaale firfircoon. Tuulada tirada dadka si wanaagsan loo shaqaaleysiiyay waa 595 guud ahaan. Qaybta wax-soo-saarka ma jiraan ganacsiyo, Dhismaha iyo Dhismaha waxaa jira lix. Intaa waxaa dheer sannadkii 1999 waxaa jiray 93 beerood oo leh wadar dhan 5,372 Arces. Inta badan tan waxaa lagu hayaa sida Cawska.

=== Waxbarashada ===
Sannadkii 1999 waxaa jiray:
*Kindergärten oo leh ugu badnaan 72 meelood, laakiin kaliya 60 carruur ah oo xaadiray
*Dugsi hoose oo leh 11 macallin iyo 187 arday

== Shil tareen oo weyn ==
''9 Febraayo [[1971 in rail transport|1971]]'' – Intii lagu jiray safarkii inter city ee [[Trans-Europ Express]] (TEE) 56 ''[[Bavaria (train)|Bavaria]]'' laga soo bilaabo [[München Hauptbahnhof|Munich Hbf]] loona socday [[Zürich HB]] shil culus ayaa dhacay iyadoo ay ku dhinteen 28 qof. 42 kale ayaa ku dhaawacmay. Tareenku wuxuu ka koobnaa [[SBB-CFF-FFS RAm TEE I]] tareen afar-baabuur ah oo naafto ah oo leh trailer-ka wadista oo hormuud u ah, iyo mashiinka korontada oo riixaya xagga dambe. Ka dib markii uu dhaafay saldhigga yar &quot;Aitrang&quot; (halkaas oo TEE-gu uusan u baahnayn inuu istaago) tareenku wuxuu sii watay qalooc aad u fiiqan oo ku yaalla doox yar oo u dhaxaysa laba buurood xawaare qiyaastii {{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} halkaas oo xawaare ugu badnaan {{convert|80|km/h|mph|0}} kaliya loo oggolaa. Waxay markii dambe ka leexatay labada waddo ee ay lahayd iyo sidoo kale waddooyinkii ka soo horjeeday ka hor inta uusan tareenka afar-baabuur ah u rogmanin dooxada biyaha iyo wadada oo sidoo kale wadaagay isla wadadii buuraha dhex mara. Waqti yar ka dib iyo ka hor inta uusan qofna ka hortagin, laba [[Uerdingen railbus]]es oo ka imanaya [[Kempten (Allgäu) Hauptbahnhof|Kempten]] ayaa ku wareegay qalooca oo galay burburka tareenkii shilka galay. Waxaa markii dambe la ogaaday in darawalka tareenka TEE uusan awoodin inuu gaabiyo tareenka sababtoo ah biyaha cufan ee ku urursan tuubooyinka u dhexeeya locomotive-ka iyo dhammaan gawaarida oo baraf noqday oo xiray nidaamka biriiga hawada. Wuxuu kaliya lahaa biriig koronto oo uu ku shaqeeyo locomotive-ka, kuwanina si cad uma awoodin inay gaabiyo tareenka ku filan qalooca fiiqan. Fiiri [[:de:Eisenbahnunfall von Aitrang|Eisenbahnunfall von Aitrang]] ee Wikipedia-ga Jarmalka si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.

== Gallery-ga Sawirka ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:St._Ulrich_Aitrang_1.jpg|Pfarrkirche St.Ulrich
File:Raiffeisenbank_Aitrang_2.jpg|Sehenswertes Giebelfries
File:Aitrang_Ortsmitte_3.jpg|Ortsmitte mit Linde
File:Elbsee,_Aitrang_5.jpg|Elbsee südlich von Aitrang
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.aitrang.de Website-ka degmada Aitrang]
* [http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/subcats.php?cat_1=2&amp;cat_2=39&amp;cat_3=4420&amp;cat_4=8930 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (sawirrada gudaha kaniisadda St Alban)] {{Wayback|url=http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/subcats.php?cat_1=2&amp;cat_2=39&amp;cat_3=4420&amp;cat_4=8930 |date=20160304062351 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062351/http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/subcats.php?cat_1=2&amp;cat_2=39&amp;cat_3=4420&amp;cat_4=8930 |date=2016-03-04 }}


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    <title>Alflen</title>
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      <text bytes="8712" sha1="1u0kgsx7nriauqhypila44nls3oetz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = Wappen alflen.jpg 
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|10|37|N|7|2|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Alflen in COC.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Cochem-Zell
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Ulmen
|elevation              = 435
|area            = 13.42
|postal_code               = 56828
|area_code           = 02678
|licence               = COC
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 002
|website           = [http://www.alflen.de/ www.alflen.de]
|mayor             = Berthold Schäfer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, la helay 9 Agoosto 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Alflen''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka la isku daray – oo ku taal [[Cochem-Zell]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Ulmen (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Ulmen]], oo xarunteedu tahay magaalada isku magaca ah ee [[Ulmen|Ulmen]].

== Juqraafiga ==

Qaybta sare ee tuulada waxaa loo yaqaan Kirch-Alflen oo loogu magac daray [[church (building)|kaniisadda]] halkaas ku taal (qaybta hore ee magaca waxay ka timid ''Kirche'', oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;kaniisad&quot; af [[German language|Jarmal]]), waxaana laga yaabaa inay tahay qaybta ugu da'da weyn tuulada. Webiga Litzbach ka baxsan waxaa ku yaal Überdorf (“Tuulada Sare”) oo ku taal god.

== Taariikhda ==
Gudaha ''Alflona'', aasaaskii kiniisadda ee [[Treis-Karden|Karden]] waxay lahaayeen, sida ku qoran tusmada hantida la soo ururiyey qiyaastii 1100, hanti ay weheliso dhulal ay ka shaqeeyaan shaqaale khasab ah iyo xuquuqda laba meelood oo saddex meelood oo ka mid ah [[tithe|tobanka]] baayacmushtarka. Hantidan waxaa xaqiijiyay [[Pope Alexander III]] 1178. Aasaasku wuxuu weli haystay xuquuqda tobanka meelood ilaa qarnigii 18-aad. Waxaa lagu magacaabay dukumeentiga ay soo saareen [[Pope Eugene III]] ee [[Abbey of Echternach]] 1148, waxyaabo kale, hanti yar oo u dhow ''Alflue'' ama ''Afflue''; tixraac kale oo noocaas ah ayaa soo baxay 1161.

Kaniisadda baayacmushtarka, oo markii ugu horreysay la sheegay qiyaastii 1100, waxaa lagu taxay qarnigii 13-aad ee [[Electorate of Trier|Electorate of Trier]] ''Liber annalium''; waxay ahayd, oo ay weheliso aaggeeda baayacmushtarka, ku xiran [[collegiate church]] ee Karden. Qiyaastii 1330, mar kale ayaa la sheegay, markan ''Taxa generalis'' (tusmada kale ee hantida Trier). Xusid dheeraad ah ayaa laga heli karaa 1475 iyo 1656 ee Karden iyo [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell]] Archdeaconries' protocols, iyo kuwo kale ayaa yimid 1592 iyo diiwaanka 1552 oo sidoo kale sheegaya [[John the Baptist]]’s patronage. [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Saint Bartholomew]] ayaa sidoo kale loo sheegay sidii kafaala-qaade labaad.

Laga bilaabo 1794, Alflen waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. 1815 waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Tan iyo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd gobolka cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[States of Germany|gobolka]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo loo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada ee sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.&lt;ref&gt;[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350300200.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Duqa magaalada ===
Duqa Alflen waa Berthold Schäfer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.alflen.de/ |title=Alflen |access-date=2020-01-07 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Astaanta ===
Jarmalka blazon wuxuu leeyahay: ''In grünem Schildhaupt eine silberne Urne, in Silber eine eingeschweifte rote Spitze, darin ein goldener Sparrenschrägbalken, vorne ein rotes Hifthorn, hinten eine schwarze Muschel.''

Astaanta degmada ee [[Coat of arms|hubka]] waxaa lagu qeexi karaa luuqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriisiga sida soo socota: Tierced in mantle, dexter argent a bugle-horn gules, sinister argent an escallop sable, in base gules a bend dancetty Or, on a chief vert an urn of the first.

[[charge (heraldry)|Charge-ga]] ee [[chief (heraldry)|chief]], weel, wuxuu u taagan yahay taariikhda degsiimo ee dheer ee tuulada, laga bilaabo [[prehistory|taariikhda ka hor]]. Aagga cadastral ee Linderflur 1823, faahfaahin kala duwan oo tan ah ayaa la iftiimiyay. Geeska, qolofka scallop iyo “bend dancetty” (xariijinta zigzag ee leexsan) dhammaantood waxaa laga soo sawiray hubkii mar la qaadi jiray qoyska sharafta leh ee Metternich-Winneburg-Beilstein, waxaana laga heli karaa shaabadaha maxkamadda laga bilaabo 1477 iyo 1761. Qoyskan waxay haysteen madax-bannaanida tuulada waxayna sidoo kale lahaayeen dhulal. ''Weistum''-ka 1494 wuxuu dammaanad qaaday qoyska Winneburg-Beilstein awoodda maxkamadda sare ee maxalliga ah iyo sidoo kale xuquuqda ugaarsiga iyo kaynta (a ''Weistum'' – oo la xiriirta [[English language|Ingiriisi]] ''wisdom'' – waxay ahayd ku dhawaaqitaan sharci ah oo ay soo saareen rag aqoon u leh sharciga qarniyadii [[Middle Ages|Dhexe]] iyo waqtiyadii casriga ahaa ee hore). 1652, maxkamaddu waxay u gudubtay Baron of Metternich.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.alflen.de/ueberuns.htm Sharaxaada iyo sharraxaadda hubka Alflen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.alflen.de/ueberuns.htm |date=20110718195211 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718195211/http://www.alflen.de/ueberuns.htm |date=2011-07-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska ==

=== Madxafyada ===
Natiijo ahaan bandhig ay soo qabanqaabisay maamulka degmada Cochem-Zell oo la magacaabay ''On de Geman gien'' (in [[German language|Standard High German]] ''In die Gemeinde gehen'', macnaheedu yahay “Gal Bulshada”) oo lagu soo bandhigay hababka isgaarsiinta iyo tignoolajiyada duugga ah, Matxafka Taariikhda Maxalliga ah ee Alflen (''Heimatmuseum Alflen'') ayaa dhashay. Waxaa lagu rakibay dabaqa saqafka ee dugsigii hore, kaas oo hadda ah [[kindergarten|xannaanada carruurta]] iyo dhismaha kooxda dhalinyarada.

=== Dhismayaasha ===
Kaniisadda Parish ee Saint [[John the Baptist]] oo leh qaabka dhismaha [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] iyo rinjiyeynta saqafka ee aan caadiga ahayn waxaa laga yaabaa inay noqoto mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha ugu caansan aagga. Xitaa goobta kaniisadda, oo ay ku hareereysan yihiin saddex geed oo waaweyn oo [[chestnut|chestnut]] ah, mid kasta oo ka badan 300 oo sano, waa goob qurux badan sanadka oo dhan.

“Felser-” Haus, guri [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] ah oo laga dhisay 1880 ka hooseeya kaniisadda, wuxuu istaagay labadii Dagaal ee Adduunka in kasta oo uu mar ahaa bartilmaameedka weerar [[grenade|bambo-gacmeed]]. Waxay horay ulahayd dukaan, laakiin hadda waa dhismo la deggan yahay oo keliya.

Kuwan soo socda ayaa ah dhismayaal ama goobo ku taxan [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
* Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] Parish ee Saint [[John the Baptist]] (''Pfarrkirche St. Johann Baptist''), Pfarrweg – dhismaha hoose ee munaaradda galbeed [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]], dabaqyada sare iyo nave laga bilaabo ka dib 1716, [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]] quire iyo sacristy la dayactiray ka dib 1716; dhismaha oo dhan oo leh qabuuraha.
* [[Chapel]], kaniisad yar oo [[aisleless church|aisleless]] ah oo leh naqshad niche, oo u muuqata qarnigii 16-aad, dib loo dhisay 1921 sida kaniisad xusuusta dagaalyahannada.
* Way of the Cross – [[Crucifixion of Jesus|Crucifixion]] naqshad kaniisadda, laga bilaabo 1766.&lt;ref&gt;[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Tusmada Dhismayaasha Dhaqanka ee degmada Cochem-Zell]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==
1950-meeyadii, Saldhigga Hawada ee Büchel ayaa la dhisay ilaa maantadan la joogo, saldhigga hawadu weli waa mid ka mid ah shaqo-bixiyeyaasha ugu muhiimsan aagga, iyo guriga ''[[Jagdbombergeschwader 33]]'' (Fighter-Bomber Squadron 33).

== Suugaanta ==
Alflen, soo saaraha filimka Stefan Dähnert wuxuu duubay filimka ''Engrazia'' oo ku saabsan dhalinyarada gabadh dhibaatooyin haystaan.

== Akhris dheeraad ah ==
* ''Alflen früher'', ein Bildband, der auf eine Fotoausstellung anlässlich des 30-jährigen Bestehens der Grundschule zurückgreift
* ''Alfler Dorfgeschichte(n)'', eine ausführliche Chronik der Gemeinde Alflen
* ''100 Jahre Freiwillige Feuerwehr Alflen'', ein Buch anlässlich des 100-jährigen Bestehens der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr Alflen

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

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    <title>Alheim</title>
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      <text bytes="6083" sha1="lpslujl4jbkzv6mr7pxrdi8ue2a7ogu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place      
|type               = Gemeinde
|name              = Alheim
|image_coa            = DEU Alheim COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|2|54|N|09|40|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Alheim in HEF.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Kassel
|district         = Hersfeld-Rotenburg
|elevation              = 190
|area            = 63.83
|postal_code               = 36211
|area_code           = 06623,&lt;br&gt;05664 (Heinebach)
|licence               = HEF
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 32 001
|divisions         = 10 degmo
|website           = [https://www.alheim.de/ www.alheim.de]
|mayor             = Andreas Brethauer&lt;ref name=mayor/&gt;
|leader_term       = 2023&amp;ndash;29
|party             = SPD
}}
'''Alheim''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Hersfeld-Rotenburg]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Hesse]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxaa loogu magac daray buurta [[Alheimer]] ee u dhow. Alheim waxay ka kooban tahay 10 tuulo oo hore u ahaan jiray kuwo madax-bannaan oo ku yaalla labada dhinac ee webiga [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]].

== Juqraafiga ==

=== Goobta ===
Bulshadu waxay ku taal degmada Hersfeld-Rotenburg oo qiyaastii 35&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Kassel]] iyo dhawr kiiloomitir waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Rotenburg an der Fulda]]. Waxay ku fidsan tahay labada dhinac ee webiga [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]] ilaa [[Knüll]]gebirge (buuraleyda) iyo Stölzinger Gebirge. Buuraleydan dambe waxaa laga helayaa calaamadda bulshada, Alheimer oo dhererkeedu yahay 549&amp;nbsp;m.

=== Bulshooyinka ka kooban degmada ===
''[[Ortsteil]]e'' ee Alheim waa Baumbach (la aasaasay ka hor 1003), Erdpenhausen, Hergershausen, Licherode, Niederellenbach, Niedergude (la aasaasay ka hor 960), Oberellenbach, Obergude (la aasaasay ka hor 960), Sterkelshausen (la aasaasay ka hor 1003) iyo Heinebach.

Sannadkii 2022, tirada dadka degmadu waxay ahayd 4959 qof.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alle politisch selbständigen Gemeinden mit ausgewählten Merkmalen am 31.12.2022 |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ/Archiv/GVAuszugJ/31122022_Auszug_GV.html |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Statistisches Bundesamt |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bulshooyinka dariska la ah ===
Alheim waxay xuduud la leedahay waqooyiga bulshada [[Morschen]] iyo magaalada [[Spangenberg]] (labaduba waxay ku yaallaan [[Schwalm-Eder-Kreis]]), bariga magaalada [[Rotenburg an der Fulda]], koonfurta bulshada [[Ludwigsau]] (labaduba waxay ku yaallaan Hersfeld-Rotenburg) iyo galbeedka bulshada [[Knüllwald]] (oo ku taal Schwalm-Eder-Kreis).

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha bulshada ===
Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 14 Maarso 2021 waxay keentay natiijooyinka soo socda:
*[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Bulshada ee Jarmalka]] 10 kursi
*[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Midowga Dimuqraadiga Masiixiga ee Jarmalka]] 8 kursi
*[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Xorta ah]] 3 kursi
*[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Isbahaysiga 90/Cagaarka]] 2 kursi

=== Duqa magaalada ===
Doorashadii duqa magaalada ee u dambeysay ee dhacday 12 Maarso 2023, waxaa loo doortay Andreas Brethauer ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]).&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-04/BVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen, Stand 13.04.2023|language=de|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS|access-date=2023-07-06|archive-date=2023-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162647/https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-04/BVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iskaashiga magaalooyinka ===
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Zandhoven]], gobolka [[Antwerp (province)|Antwerp]], [[Belgium]] ilaa 2001

Iskaashigu wuxuu dhab ahaan bilaabmay 1971 markii mid ka mid ah uu dhex maray Heinebach, oo hadda ah xarunta ugu weyn ee Alheim, iyo Pulle, oo tan iyo markaas noqotay qayb ka mid ah Zandhoven.

== Horumarinta aagga degmada ==

=== Aasaaska ===
Qaab dhismeedka dib-u-habaynta degmada, tuulooyinkii magacyadooda kor ku xusan ayaa lagu midoobay degmada cusub ee Alheim 1 Agoosto 1972.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27.5.1970 bis 31.12.1982 |date=1983 |publisher=Kohlhammer |isbn=978-3-17-003263-7 |editor-last=Deutschland |series=Systematische Verzeichnisse |location=Stuttgart Mainz |pages=407 |editor-last2=Deutschland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska ==
[[Image:Alheimerturm.JPG|thumb|Alheimer-Turm]]
Wareegyo socod ah, mid kasta oo ku salaysan mawduuc, ayaa la dhisay. Kuwa ugu horreeya ee kuwan waxaa ka mid ah waddada taariikhda macdanta iyo waddada tacaburka (''Bergbauhistorischer Lern- und Erlebnispfad''), waddada tacaburka biyaha (''Wassererlebnispfad'') iyo wareegga socodka taariikhda dhaqanka (''kulturhistorischer Rundwanderweg'').

Goob caan ah oo loogu talagalay dalxiiska ama socodka waa Alheimer-Turm (munaaradda) ee buurta isku magaca ah ee Stölzinger Gebirge.

=== Dhismayaasha ===
*Kaniisadaha qaar ka mid ah xarumaha bulshada ayaa lagu ilaaliyay darbiyadooda difaaca ee [[Middle Ages|qarniyadii dhexe]].
*Heineberg, haraaga gidaar ayaa la ilaaliyay oo ka soo jeeda qalcado la dhisay qarnigii 8-aad ama 10-aad. Intii lagu guda jiray qodista 1974, aasaaska kaniisadda [[Early Middle Ages|qarniyadii dhexe ee hore]] ayaa la soo saaray.

== Dadka caanka ah ==
* Franz Christian Gundlach, sawir-qaade moodada iyo curiye (dhashay 1926 magaalada Heinebach)
* [[Manfred Siebald]], heesaha kiristaanka (dhashay 1948 magaalada Baumbach)

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirka dibadda ==
* [http://www.sterkelshausen.de/ Sterkelshausen] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.heinebach.de/ Heinebach] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.Obergude.de/ Obergude] {{in lang|de}}


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    <title>Alswede</title>
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      <text bytes="2123" sha1="3ltd44lo7rtrluwx09k8ofwa5v0s8m8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
| type               = Ortsteil                  
| Town              = Lübbecke
| district                     = Minden-Lübbecke 
| image_coa                = 
| coordinates               = {{coord|52|20|N|8|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| state                = 
| elevation                      = 37-40
| area                    = 2.80
| population                 = 1012
|population_as_of   = 2020
|pop_ref            = &lt;ref name=pop&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.luebbecke.de/Unsere-Stadt/Zahlen-Daten/ |title=Zahlen und Daten|publisher=Stadt Lübbecke|access-date=24 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| postal_code             = 32312
| area_code                  = 05743
| image_plan                 = Alswede in Lübbecke.svg
}}

'''Alswede''' waa tuulo ka tirsan degmada [[East Westphalia]]n ee [[Lübbecke]] ee degmada [[Minden-Lübbecke]] ee gobolka [[Jarmalka]] ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].

== Siyaasadda ==

* Guddoomiyaha kaniisadda ee Alswede waa Günther Vullriede.
* Taariikhyahanka maxalliga ah waa Helmut Woelk.

''(sida Luulyo 2008)''

== Gallery ==

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
File:CHRISTLICHER SYMBOL - DER KREUZ.jpg|Iskutallaal weyn oo ku taal qabuuraha
File:Kirche Alswede.jpg|Kaniisadda St. Andrew (muuqaal dhinac ah)
File:KIRCHE_TURM.jpg|Kaniisadda St. Andrew (hore)
File:KAPELLE.jpg|St. Andrew's Haseloh chapel
File:TOTE AUS ALSWEDE WK.jpg|Daboolka xusuusta ee askarta ka timid Alswede
File:GOLDENE KREUZE.jpg|Iskutallaal dahabi ah oo ku taal mosaic-ka gudaha chapel-ka
File:WK SCHILD.jpg|Dhagaxyada xusuusta ee askartii ku dhimatay dagaalladii adduunka
File:AUTOHAUS HÜLSMEYER GEBÄUDE.jpg|Garage
File:SPARKASSE ALSWEDE.jpg|Baanka Sparkasse
File:VOLKSBANK RAIFFEISENBANK.jpg|Baanka Genossenschaft
File:SPIELPLATZ.jpg|Beerta lagu ciyaaro
File:ALSWEDE.jpg|Alswede
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo iyo qoraallada hoose ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirka dibadda ==
*[http://www.luebbecke.de/ Website-ka magaalada Lübbecke] 
*[http://www.dga-net.de/ Website-ka tuulada Alswede (DGA)]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

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    <title>Altena</title>
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      <text bytes="15797" sha1="i2r7kbwukk390k8bq13iikf28s868o2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type               = Stadt
|name              = Altena
|image_photo       = Burg Altena.jpg
|imagesize         = 
|image_caption     = Muuqaalka [[Altena Castle|Qasriga Altena]] ee Sebtembar 2008 
|image_coa            = DEU Altena COA.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|18|N|07|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Altena in MK.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Arnsberg
|district             = Märkischer Kreis
|elevation              = 145 - 511
|area            = 44.42
|postal_code               = 58741–58762
|area_code           = 02352
|licence               = MK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 9 62 004
|divisions        = 7 
|website           = [http://www.altena.de/ www.altena.de]
|mayor             = Guido Thal
|leader_term       = 2025&amp;ndash;30
|party             = CDU
}}
'''Altena''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltəna|}}; {{langx|wep|Altenoa}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Märkischer Kreis]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Jarmalka. Qasriga magaalada ayaa ah asalkii u ahaa [[Dukes of Berg|Dukes-kii Berg]] ee dambe. Altena waxay ku taal dooxada webiga [[Lenne]], oo ku taal qaybaha waqooyi ee [[Sauerland]].

==Taariikhda==
{{stack|[[File:Burg Altena Morgendunst.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Altena]]}}
[[Altena Castle|Qasriga Altena]] waxaa la dhisay bilowgii qarnigii 12-aad, isagoo ah qalcad ay lahaayeen [[Counts of Berg|Counts-kii Berg]] ee hore. Muddo yar ka dib tuulo ayaa la aasaasay iyadoo ku taal hoosta buurta, oo leh qasriga oo ku teedsan webiga [[Lenne]], kaas oo ku milma webiga [[Ruhr]]. Ka dib qaybintii hantida qoyska Berg ee 1161, Altena waxay noqotay xarunta Degmada Altena. Count-kii ugu horreeyay ee Altena wuxuu noqday [[Eberhard I, Count of Berg-Altena|Eberhard I, Count of Berg-Altena]]. Sannadkii 1180, ka dib dhimashadii Count-kii ugu horreeyay, degmada waxaa loo qaybiyay labadii wiil ee ugu waaweynaa: Arnold of Altena iyo Friedrich of Altena. Wiilkii saddexaad, Adolf of Altena, wuxuu noqday [[Archbishop of Cologne|Archbishop-ka Cologne]]. Arnold waxaa la siiyay kala bar Qasriga iyo Degmada Altena, Qasriga Hövel iyo qaar ka mid ah hantida oo ah xukunka Archbishop-ka Cologne iyo bailiwicks ee Abbey Essen. Meel u dhow Tuulada iyo Qasriga Hövel, wuxuu dhisay Qasriga iyo magaalada Nienbrügge (Novus Ponte) oo ku taal bangiyada webiga [[Lippe (river)|Lippe]]. Laanta qoyskiisa ayaa isu beddelay magac ka dib markii ay iibiyeen kala barkoodii Altena oo ay siiyeen Archbishop-ka Cologne sida ''de Nienbrügge'' ama ''de Novus Ponte'', deggenaanshahooda cusub ee ugu weyn oo qiyaastii afartan kiiloomitir dhanka waqooyi ah. Dhaxalka Arnold wuxuu ahaa Friedrich de Novus Ponte (Nienbrügge) kaas oo cinwaankiisa u beddelay Isenberg ka dib qasriga cusub ee [[Hattingen]]. Waxaa lagu xukumay dhimasho isagoo ah madaxa shirqool lagu dilayo Engelbert I. Archbishop-ka Cologne, Chancellor-ka Boqortooyada Quduuska ah ee Roomaanka, Duke of Westphalia iyo Count of Berg, qaraabo dhow, sannadkii 1226. Archbishop-ka ayaa lagu soo gaaday wadada uu kaga yimid Magaaladiisii Soest ilaa Magaalada Cologne isagoo ay wadaan Friedrich iyo raggiisa meel u dhow [[Gevelsberg]] waddo godan ah. Labaduba waxay isku haysteen xukunka [[Essen Abbey]].

Laanta yaryar ee Counts-ka Altena, waxaa aasaasay Friedrich de Altena. Waxaa la siiyay kala barka kale ee Altena iyo vassal walaalkiis Archbishop-ka Cologne. Sannadkii ama ku dhowaad 1170 wuxuu iibsaday ''Oberhof Mark'' ama waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Archbishop-ka. Oberhof wuxuu ahaa manor maayar aan lahayn qalcado tuulada Mark, inta u dhaxaysa webiyada Lippe iyo Ahse oo ka yar shan kiiloomitir dhanka bari ee [[Nienbrügge Castle]] iyo qiyaastii toddobo kiiloomitir koonfur-bari ee [[Hövel Castle]]. Maanta, qiyaastii 1,5 kiiloomitir dhanka bari ee xarunta magaalada [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]]. Ka hor ama sannadkii 1198 wuxuu dhisay Qasriga Mark. Wiilkiisa Adolf I. wuxuu isu magacaabay 1202 ''puer comes de marca'' wuxuuna noqday [[Count of Mark|Count-kii ugu horreeyay ee Mark]]. Mararka qaarkood wuxuu isticmaali jiray cinwaankii hore ee Altena oo lagu daray Mark. Degganaanshihiisa ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa Qasriga Mark. Ka dib dilkii ina-adeerkii Friedrich de Isenberg ee Cologne, wuxuu burburiyay Qasriga Neinbruegge wuxuuna la wareegay hantidii laantii qoyska ee sare.

Ka dib 1202, Qasriga Altena wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah dhowr qalcado oo ay lahayd qoyska Altena-Mark. Intii lagu guda jiray khilaaf 1323 u dhexeeya [[Prince-Bishop of Münster|Prince-Bishop-ka Münster]] iyo Count-ka Mark, Bishop-ka waa la qabtay waxaana lagu hayay madax furasho gudaha Altena. Sannadkii 1367 degitaankii hoosta qasriga wuxuu helay xuquuq xaddidan oo magaalo ah iyada oo loo marayo Engelbert III. Count de la Mark. Tan iyo 1392 Altena waxay ahaan jirtay kaliya xarunta bailiff-ka ee bailiwick Altena. Qasriga waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali jiray kayd dukumiintiyo iyo shatiyo loogu talagalay degmada.

Sannadkii 1609, Count-kii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu dhintay isagoon carruur dhalin. Boqortooyadiisa, [[United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]] waxaa loo qaybiyay qayb Katoolik ah iyo mid Protestant ah. [[Duchy of Cleves|Duchy-ga Cleves]] iyo degmooyinka Mark iyo Ravensberg, iyo Dominion-ka Ravenstein waxaa dhaxlay [[Prince-elector|Elector-ka]] Protestant-ka ee Boqortooyada Quduuska ah ee Roomaanka, [[Margrave of Brandenburg]], iyo Duke of Prussia Johann Sigismund oo ka tirsan [[Hohenzollern]]. [[Duchy of Jülich-Berg|Duchy-ga Jülich-Berg]] ee Katoolikada waxaa dhaxlay [[Count Palatine|Count Palatine]] Wolfgang Wilhelm oo ka tirsan Neuburg.

Intii lagu guda jiray qabsashadii [[Napoleon|Napoleonic]] ee Rhineland iyo Westphalia, Altena waxaa dib loogu biiriyay [[Grand Duchy of Berg]] oo hadda kor loo qaaday. Ka dib [[Congress of Vienna]], Degmada Mark waxaa lagu daray Boqortooyada Prussia waxaana dib loo habeeyay sidii degmo ([[Districts of Germany|Kreis]]) iyo degmada dawladda ([[Regierungsbezirk]]). Altena waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Regierungsbezirk Hamm waxayna ahayd xarunta Kreis Altena. Sannadkii 1815 Dawladdu waxay u rartay meelaha degganaanshaha laga bilaabo [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]] ilaa [[Arnsberg]], waxayna u beddeshay magaca [[Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg]].

Bilowgii sannadkii 1969, [[Kreis Altena]] iyo magaalada [[Lüdenscheid]] ayaa lagu midoobay si ay u sameeyaan Kreis Lüdenscheid cusub. Lüdenscheid waxay noqotay xarunta cusub ee maamulka ee degmada. Kaliya lix sano ka dib [[Kreis Lüdenscheid]] ayaa dib loo habeeyay oo la ballaariyay. Xusuusta Degmada Mark waxaa loo beddelay [[Märkischer Kreis]].

Bishii Maajo 2017, Chancellor [[Angela Merkel|Merkel]] waxay siisay Duqa Altena Andreas Hollstein &quot;Abaalmarinta Qaranka ee Isdhexgalka&quot; qaadashada 370 qaxooti, tusaale ahaan 100 ka badan tirada qasabka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germany-honors-town-for-successfully-assimilating-refugees/a-38873446|title=Jarmalka oo sharfay magaalo si guul leh ugu milmeen qaxootiga &amp;#124; DW &amp;#124; 17.05.2017|website=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lix bilood ka dib, in kasta oo Duqa magaalada Hollstein uu mindi ku dhuftay nin mindi watay oo la sheegay inuu ka xumaaday siyaasaddiisa socdaalka, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu kor u qaado siyaasadaha looga golleeyahay in lagu caawiyo qaxootiga inay ku milmaan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Griff Witte |title=Wuu ka badbaaday mindi. Hadda duqan Jarmal ah ayaa si adag u diiddan inuu dib uga noqdo qaxootiga. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/he-survived-a-stabbing-now-this-german-mayor-is-defiantly-refusing-to-back-down-on-refugees/2017/12/17/ec122dd6-df52-11e7-b2e9-8c636f076c76_story.html |access-date=11 June 2018 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=17 December 2017 |quote=Wuxuu ahaa harraadsan, ayuu yiri, markii uu mindi hilible oo cag dhan uu saaray cunaha duqa magaalada. Laakiin halkii uu ka caawin lahaa Jarmalkiisa, duqa magaalada wuxuu qaatay boqollaal qaxooti ah.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/man-on-trial-for-knife-attack-on-altena-mayor-andreas-hollstein/a-43873865|title = Nin maxkamad u taagan weerar mindi ah oo lagu qaaday Duqa Altena Andreas Hollstein &amp;#124; DW &amp;#124; 22.05.2018| website=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Siyaasadda==
Duqa magaalada ee hadda waa Guido Thal oo ka tirsan [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]. Intii lagu guda jiray [[2025 North Rhine-Westphalia local elections|doorashooyinkii maxalliga ahaa ee 2025]] wuxuu helay 63,1 % codadkii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ergebnis |url=https://wahlen.kommunale.it/production/kw2025/05962004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=247&amp;stimmentyp=0&amp;id=ebene_3_id_17 |date=2025-09-28|access-date=2026-02-28 |website=wahlen.kommunale.it |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===Golaha Magaalada===
Ka dib doorashooyinkii 2025, golaha [[Stadtrat|magaalada]] Altena wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidan:

{{election table}}
! colspan=2| Xisbiga
! Codadka
! %
! +/-
! Kuraasta
! +/-
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU)
| 3,161
| 50.5
| {{increase}} 4.5
| 17
| {{increase}} 2
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD)
| 1,535
| 24.5
| {{increase}} 3.2
| 8
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| 
| align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Alliance 90/The Greens]] (Grüne)
| 709
| 11.3
| {{decrease}} 6.3
| 3
| {{decrease}} 3
|-
| bgcolor=#646464|
| align=left| Beddelka Bulshada iyo Dimuqraadiga ee Altena (SDA)
| 556
| 8.9
| {{increase}} 2.9
| 3
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] (Die Linke)
| 304
| 4.9
| {{increase}} 0.3
| 1
| ±0
|-
! colspan=2| Codadka saxda ah
! 6,265
! 96.0
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Codadka aan sax ahayn
! 258
! 4.0
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Wadarta
! 6,523
! 100.0
! 
! 32
! ±0
|-
! colspan=2| Tirada dadka dooran kara/ka qaybgalka
! 13,395
! 48.7
! 
! 
! 
|-
| colspan=7| Xigasho: [https://wahlen.kommunale.it/production/kw2025/05962004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=249&amp;stimmentyp=0&amp;id=ebene_3_id_17 Magaalada Altena]
|}

===Duqa Magaalada===
* Abriil 1945 – Ogosto 1945 Fritz Berg&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.altena.de/Buergermeister-und-Hauptverwaltungsbeamte-der-Stad.973.0.html |title=Bürgermeister der Stadt Altena (Westf.) |access-date=2016-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206205258/http://www.altena.de/Buergermeister-und-Hauptverwaltungsbeamte-der-Stad.973.0.html |archive-date=2015-02-06 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ogosto 1945 – Maarso 1946 Friedrich Heyne&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Sebtembar 1946 – Nofeembar 1952 Hermann Voß&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Nofeembar 1952 – Oktoobar 1956 Gustav Trappe&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Nofeembar 1956 – Janaayo 1957 Hermann Voß&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Janaayo 1957 – Maarso 1961 Heinrich Malkus&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Maarso 1961 – Maarso 1969 Gustav Trappe&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Abriil 1969 – Abriil 1970 Friedhelm Halfmeier (SPD)&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Abriil 1970 – Sebtembar 1999 Günter Topmann (SPD)&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Sebtembar 1999 - Oktober 2020 Andreas Hollstein (CDU)&lt;ref name=&quot;BM&quot; /&gt;
* Nofeembar 2020 – Nofeembar 2025 Uwe Kober (CDU)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ergebnis |url=https://wahlen.kommunale.it/production/kw2020/05962004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=133&amp;stimmentyp=0&amp;id=ebene_3_id_17 |date=2021-12-01|access-date=2026-02-28 |website=wahlen.kommunale.it |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* tan iyo Nofeembar 2025 Guido Thal (CDU)

==Horumarka dadweynaha==
Tirada dadka (31 Diseembar)

{| width=&quot;50%&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
* 1900 – 12,766
* 1930 – 16,415
* 1945 – 19,937
* 1960 – 23,914
* 1970 – 32,006
* 1978 – 25,015&lt;ref name=&quot;Kommunalprofil&quot;&gt;Information und Technik NRW, Geschäftsbereich Statistik ''[http://www.it.nrw.de/kommunalprofil/l05962004.pdf Kommunalprofil der Stadt Altena] {{Wayback|url=http://www.it.nrw.de/kommunalprofil/l05962004.pdf |date=20140531221140 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531221140/http://www.it.nrw.de/kommunalprofil/l05962004.pdf |date=2014-05-31 }} (PDF; 222&amp;nbsp;kB).'' 18. Diseembar 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1980 – 24,565
* 1985 – 22,207
* 1990 – 24,043
* 1995 – 24,026
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
* 1998 – 23,077&lt;ref name=&quot;Kommunalprofil&quot; /&gt;
* 2000 – 22,215
* 2002 – 21,404
* 2003 – 21,126&lt;ref name=&quot;Kommunalprofil&quot; /&gt;
* 2004 – 20,805
* 2006 – 20,001
* 2008 – 19,252&lt;ref name=&quot;Kommunalprofil&quot; /&gt;
* 2010 – 18,277
* 2012 – 17,869
* 2014 – 17,595
|}

==Goobaha xiisaha leh==
[[File:Burg Altena Tower.jpg|150px|thumb|Burg Altena]]
Soojiidashada ugu weyn ee magaalada waa qasriga: ''[[Altena Castle|Burg Altena]]''. Ka dib markii aan la isticmaalin qarniyo badan waxay ahayd burbur, in kasta oo qayb ka mid ah dhismayaasha loo isticmaali jiray cusbitaal. Dib-u-habayn dhammaystiran ayaa la sameeyay 1909 si loogu dabbaaldego sannad-guuradii 300-aad ee ku-biirintii Prussia ee [[county of Mark|degmada Mark]] ee Prussia (Brandenburg). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan shaqada ma dhammayn ka hor 1914; dabbaaldegyada ayaa markaas lagu qabtay Qasriga [[Hohensyburg]].

Sannadkii 1912 [[youth hostel|hoygii dhalinyarada]] ugu horreeyay ee adduunka waxaa abuuray [[Richard Schirrmann]] gudaha qasriga. Qolalkii hore ayaa weli la soo bandhigaa, qolal cusub oo ku dhex yaalla aagga qasriga ayaa weli qayb ka ah hoyga maanta.

Warshadaha ugu badan ee Altena waxay ahayd soo saarista siligga, sidaas darteed waxay leedahay madxaf loogu talagalay warshadan oo kaliya, ''Drahtmuseum''.

==Calanka magaalada==
Calanka magaalada wuxuu muujinayaa [[Catherine of Alexandria]], oo ahayd ilaaliyaha kaniisadda la dhisay 1310. Waxaa lagu sawiray seef iyo giraangir, maadaama la dilay 307 labadan shay. Doorashada ilaaliyaha waxay dib ugu noqonaysaa nidar uu sameeyay Count [[Engelbert III of the Mark|Engelbert III ee Mark]] kaas oo lagu sameeyay meeshii lagu aasay Catherine ee Yeruusaalem. [[Fess|Giraangirta]] casaanka iyo caddaanka ah ee la hubiyay waxay tilmaamaysaa calanka Counts-ka Mark.

Calanka magaaladdu waa mid aad u duug ah: shaabaddii qarnigii 15-aad ayaa horeyba u muujinaysay isla walxaha. Naqshadeeda hadda waxaa abuuray [[Otto Hupp]] 1938.

==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah – magaalooyinka walaalaha ah==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Altena waa [[Sister city|mataano]] la leh:&lt;ref name=twins&gt;{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte und Patenschaften|url=https://www.altena.de/buerger-rathaus/unsere-stadt/partnerstaedte/patenschaften/|website=altena.de|publisher=Altena|language=de|access-date=2021-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Blackburn]], England, Boqortooyada Midowday (1972)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Péronne, Somme|Péronne]], Faransiiska (1967)
*{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Pinsk]], Belarus (1990)

===Magaalada saaxiibtinimada===
Altena waa magaalo saaxiibtinimo la leh:&lt;ref name=twins/&gt;
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Owensville, Missouri|Owensville]], Maraykanka (2005)

==Dadka caanka ah==
[[File:Fritz Heinemann 1.jpg|thumb|170px|Fritz Heinemann]]
* Fritz Berg (1901–1979), madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Xiriirka Warshadaha Jarmalka ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]]
* Herbert Berg (1910–1938), darawal orod
* [[Jason Dark]] (dhashay 1945), magaca been-abuurka ah ee qoraaga [[Jason Dark|Helmut Rellergerd]]
* [[Fritz Heinemann (artist)|Fritz Heinemann]] (1864–1932), sawir-qaade
* [[Friedrich Sieburg]] (1893–1964), naqdiye suugaaneed, saxafi iyo qoraa

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirka dibadda==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.altena.de Website-ka rasmiga ah] (Jarmal)
* [http://www.burg-altena.de Website-ka rasmiga ah ee Burg Altena] (Jarmal)
* [http://altena-owensville.org/ Naadiga Jarmalka ee Maraykanka] (Jarmal/Ingiriis)

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Altenbamberg</title>
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      <text bytes="14246" sha1="n5js6bvgz5sb55hq5omqw5j2s2ei7xo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = Wappen Altenbamberg.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|47|12|N|07|49|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Altenbamberg in KH.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Bad Kreuznach
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Bad Kreuznach
|elevation              = 130 
|area            = 7.53
|postal_code               = 55585
|area_code           = 06708
|licence               = KH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 33 003
|mayor             = Holger Markus Conrad&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bad Kreuznach], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Altenbamberg''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc degmo wadaag ah – oo ku taal [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|degmada Bad Kreuznach]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Bad Kreuznach (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Bad Kreuznach]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Bad Kreuznach|magaalada isku magaca ah]].

==Juqraafi==

===Goobta===
Tuulada madadaalada ee Altenbamberg waxay ku taal dooxada [[Alsenz (river)|Alsenz]] oo ku taal cirifka [[North Palatine Uplands]] joog dhan 130 m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Aagga degmadu wuxuu cabbiraa 753 ha, kaas oo 286.5 ha uu yahay kayn, 50 ha waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[winegrowing|beeridda canabka]] ([[vineyard|beero canab ah]]) iyo 226 ha waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[agriculture|beerashada]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=Location |access-date=2013-08-02 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219034330/http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Degmooyinka dariska la ah===
Altenbamberg waxay xuduud la leedahay dhanka waqooyi magaalada [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg]], dhanka waqooyi-bari magaalada [[Bad Kreuznach]], dhanka bari degmooyinka [[Frei-Laubersheim]] iyo [[Fürfeld]], dhanka koonfureed degmada [[Hochstätten]] iyo dhanka galbeed degmada [[Feilbingert]].

==Taariikhda==
Qaybta cidhiidhiga ah ee dooxada Alsenz ee Altenbamberg hadda ay ku taal waxaa la og yahay in la degganaa xataa [[Prehistory|waagii hore]]. [[Stone Age|Da'dii Dhagaxa]] [[Archaeology|qadiimiga ah]] ee laga helay aagga Altenbamberg iyo [[Neu-Bamberg]] ayaa bixiyay tilmaamo ku saabsan degitaan halkan ka dhacay [[New Stone Age|Da'dii Dhagaxa Cusub]]. Raadadka guryaha [[Bronze Age|Da'dii Naxaasta]] ayaa laga xaqiijiyay isla aaggan iyo sidoo kale meel u dhow [[Frei-Laubersheim]] iyo [[Siefersheim]] (kan dambe wuxuu ku yaal degmada dariska la ah ee [[Alzey-Worms]]). Waxaa la qaadan karaa in guryaha Da'dii Naxaasta ay si cufan uga wakiil ahaayeen gobolka Waqooyi [[Palatinate (region)|Palatine]]-[[Rhenish Hesse|Rhenish-Hessian]]. Sannadkii 1903, meel u dhow Schäferplacken (aag kayn ah) oo ku dhex yaal xuduudaha Altenbamberg, qodis qadiimi ah oo ku taal ''Hünengräber'' (&quot;Qabuuraha Huns&quot; – dhab ahaan [[Tumulus|barrows]]) ayaa lagu sameeyay xamaasad weyn. Waxa laga soo saaray hawlgalkan waxay ahaayeen [[grave goods|alaab qabri]] kuwaas oo aad muhiim ugu ahaa xaqiijinta joogitaanka dhaqanka [[Iron Age|Da'dii Birta]] ee aagga ilaa 750 ilaa 15 BC.&lt;ref name=&quot;History&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=History |access-date=2013-08-02 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219034330/http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tan iyo bilowgii, taariikhda Altenbamberg waxay ku xidhnayd [[castle|qasriga]], [[Altenbaumburg]]. Qasrigan, oo markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay dukumenti 1129, wuxuu ahaa xarun u ah safka [[Raugraves]], farcanka [[Emichones]], kuwaas oo laga soo bilaabo 960 ahaa tirinta [[Nahegau]]. Magaca tuulada wax shaqo ah kuma laha magaalada [[Franconia]] ee [[Bamberg]], laakiin waxay ka soo jeedaa magaca qasriga. Magacyo kale oo tuuladu u bixisay qarniyadii:
* 1140: ''Bomeneburg''
* 1181: ''Boumburg''
* 1186: ''Boimeneburg''
* 1325: ''Burg Alten-Beymborg''
* 1391: ''Alten-Beimborg''
* 1394: ''Alten Beumburg''
* 1412: ''Alten Beinborg''
* 1429: ''Altenbeymburg''
* 1444: ''Alten Baymberg''
* 1518: ''Altenbaumburg''
* 1528: ''Altenbeymburg''
* 1681: ''Altenbaumberg''
* 1828: ''Altenbamberg''
* 1837: ''Altenbaumberg''
Sannadkii 1798, natiijadii dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee [[French Revolution|Kacaankii Faransiiska]], Altenbamberg waxay iska aragtay [[Departments of France|Waaxda]] [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (ama Donnersberg ee [[German language|Jarmal]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;History&quot;/&gt; Ka dib [[Congress of Vienna]], Altenbamberg waxay u gudubtay [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]] halkaas oo ay qayb ka noqotay ''Rheinkreis'', sida boqortooyadu u yeedhay [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], taas oo hadda ah [[exclave|dhul-baxsan]] Bavaria. Tuuladu waxay la joogtay [[Bavaria]] ilaa dhammaadkii [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]]. Dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Altenbamberg waxaa loo wareejiyay 1969 laga soo bilaabo Rockenhausen [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] (oo iyadu kala dirtay) ilaa [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|degmada Bad Kreuznach]], oo ay maanta ku taal. Marka la eego ururka kaniisadaha, Altenbamberg waxay ka tirsan tahay sidii hore [[Evangelical Church of the Palatinate]] iyo [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer]].

===Kobaca dadweynaha===
Shaxdu waxay muujinaysaa kobaca dadweynaha ee Altenbamberg. Tirooyinka ku jira shaxda laga bilaabo 1871 ilaa 1987 waxay ku salaysan yihiin [[census|tirakoobyo]]:&lt;ref name=&quot;regionaldaten&quot;&gt;[http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/neu/MeineHeimat/detailInfo.aspx?topic=2047&amp;ID=3537&amp;key=0713302003&amp;l=3 Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Regionaldaten]&lt;/ref&gt;
{| border=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1815 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 343
|-
| 1835 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 465
|-
| 1871 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 559
|-
| 1905 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 608
|-
| 1939 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 573
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1950 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 678
|-
| 1961 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 617
|-
| 1970 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 684
|-
| 1987 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 646
|-
| 2005 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 806
|}
|}

==Diinta==
Sida 31 Ogosto 2013, waxaa jira 739 oo degganayaal waqti-buuxa ah oo Altenbamberg ah, kuwaasna, 346 waa [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] (46.82%), 203 waa [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] (27.47%), 1 waa [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] (0.135%), 1 waa [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] (0.135%), 26 (3.518%) waxay ka tirsan yihiin kooxo kale oo diini ah iyo 162 (21.922%) midkoodna diin ma laha ama ma shaacin doonaan xidhiidhkooda diimeed.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewois.de/Statistik/user/htmlgen.php?stichtag=31.08.2013&amp;ags=13302003&amp;type=OG&amp;linkags=0713302003 Religion]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Siyaasadda==

===Golaha degmada===
{{update section|date=Ogosto 2021}}
Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye.&lt;ref&gt;[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1330200300.html Der Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz: Kommunalwahl 2009, Stadt- und Gemeinderatswahlen]&lt;/ref&gt;

===Duqa Magaalada===
Duqa Altenbamberg waa Holger Markus Conrad, oo la doortay 2019.&lt;ref name=mayor/&gt;

===Calanka magaalada===
[[Coat of arms|Hubka]] degmadu waxa laga yaabaa in lagu sifeeyo sidan: Argent oo ku taal saldhigga dhulka oo leh buur dhexda vert oo ku taal taas oo iyo dhinac kasta oo geed isku mid ah, geedaha hoostooda bar wavy oo ah berrinka iyo madaxa, dhinac kasta oo ka mid ah geedka dhexda laba mullets Or.

Hubku wuxuu ku xad-gudbay xeer dhaqameedka [[heraldry|hubka]] iyadoo la dhigayo bir bir kale (mullets dahabka ah ee berrinka lacagta).

==Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la soo booqdo==
[[File:Altenbambergoldpic.png|thumb|Altenbamberg qarnigii 17-aad iyadoo Qasriga Altenbaumburg uu kor saaran yahay]]

===Dhismayaasha===
Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ku yaal Buugga Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]:&lt;ref&gt;[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Bad_Kreuznach.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Bad Kreuznach district]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hauptstraße 39 – [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Church (building)|Kaniisadda]] [[Nativity of Mary]] iyo [[Saint Maurice]] (''Katholische Kirche Maria Geburt und St. Mauritius''); [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn wadiiqo]], 1783
* Hauptstraße – [[Protestantism|Protestant]] kaniisad; [[Classicism|Classicist]] kaniisad aan lahayn wadiiqo, 1821–1823
* New [[Judaism|Jewish]] Graveyard (aagga taallo)&lt;ref name=&quot;Kreisrecht&quot;&gt;[http://www.kreisbadkreuznach.de/Inhaltsverzeichnis-des-Kreisre.205.0.html Landkreis Bad Kreuznach: Inhaltsverzeichnis des Kreisrechtes]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, retrieved 31 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; – aag gidaaran oo leh 23 xabaal-dhagax, 1884 ilaa 1937, xabaalaha [[Christianity|Christian]]
* Am Rödelstein – [[railway station|xarunta tareenka]]; [[Gründerzeit]] dhisme, qayb ahaan [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], timber-frame bakhaar badeed, qarnigii 19-aad
* Am Rödelstein 2 – villa, qiyaastii 1860, hal dabaq lagu daray
* At Burgstraße 4 – albaabka guriga oo leh fanlight, lagu calaamadiyay 1809
* Burgstraße 12 (?) – Baroque timber-frame guri, lagu calaamadiyay 1770
* Burgstraße 20 – timber-frame guri, [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] portal, qarnigii 16-aad, dabaqa dhulka oo la beddelay qarnigii 19-aad
* Burgstraße 22 – Baroque timber-frame guri, qarnigii 18-aad
* Burgstraße 26 – timber-frame guri, qarnigii 18-aad ama bilowgii qarnigii 19-aad
* At Burgstraße 27 – [[spolia]] lagu calaamadiyay 1580
* Graveyard – Kastl-Voelker xabaal-dhagax, façade, [[relief]] of a mourner, qiyaastii 1900
* Old Jewish Graveyard (aagga taallo),&lt;ref name=&quot;Kreisrecht&quot;/&gt; Am Judengraben/Narrenbrunnen am Schloßberg – aag la dhigay 1750 oo leh 10 xabaal-dhagax
* Brücklocherhof, on ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 85 – qarnigii 18-aad iyo qeybta hore ee qarnigii 19-aad; dhisme ganacsi qayb ahaan timber-frame
* Am Bernhardsschlößchen&lt;ref name=&quot;Kreisrecht&quot;/&gt; – Castle Treuenfels burbur (waxa loogu yeero ''Bernhardschlößchen''), quarrystone derbiyada [[castle|qasriga]] [[ruin|burburka]], 1253; loo dhisay sidii [[outwork|outwork]] xor ah ee Castle Altenbaumburg (eeg galitaanka xiga)
* Castle [[Altenbaumburg]] (aagga taallo)&lt;ref name=&quot;Kreisrecht&quot;/&gt; – [[neck ditch]] iyo [[shield wall (fortification)|shield wall]], rectangular tower, derbi ku hadhay qarnigii 13-aad, hadhaagii [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] dhismayaasha guriga iyo Gothic [[chapel]] ee [[Raugraves]]' xarunta qasriga lagu sheegay 1129 oo ku dhacay burbur 1482; Gothic [[palas]] dib loo dhisay 1981–1983 (eeg sidoo kale gallery hoose)
* Eilbacher Hang – [[vineyard|beero canab]] guri; Gründerzeit [[clinker brick]] dhisme, qiyaastii 1890
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:16 03 04 006 Altenbaumburg Mittelburg.jpg|Muuqaalka Altenbaumburg xagga jidka u koraya ilaa bailey dhexe oo ka socda bailey hoose (maanta goobta baabuurta la dhigto)
File:16 03 04 010 Altenbaumburg Oberburg.jpg|Jidka bailey dhexe oo u horseedaya bailey sare
File:20000414_Altenbaumburg_Oberburg.png|Bailey-ga sare ee Altenbaumburg oo leh qayb ka mid ah buundada lugta ee qarnigii 19-aad
File:Altenbaumburg.JPG|Muuqaalka Altenbaumburg ee dooxada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah===
Dad badan oo booqdayaal ah oo ka kala yimid meelo u dhow iyo meelo fog ayaa yimaada sannad kasta ''Burgfest'' (&quot;Festifaalka Qasriga&quot;) si ay ugu dabaaldegaan jawi gaar ah oo ay ugu raaxaystaan Altenbamberg [[wine|khamri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=Regular events |access-date=2013-08-02 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219034330/http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Isboorti iyo madadaalo===
Goobaha loo tago dalxiiska waa [[Altenbaumburg]], Treuenfels (labaduba waa [[castle|qasriga]] burburka), Schäferplacken iyo Rödelstein. Waxaa jira [[hiking|socod]] shabakad waddo aad u wanaagsan oo leh goob dubista iyo hoy deegaan kayn ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=Sport and leisure |access-date=2013-08-02 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219034330/http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha==

===Gaadiidka===
Hogaaminta Altenbamberg waa ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 48. U adeegidda tuulada waa [[railway station|xarunta tareenka]] ee [[Alsenz Valley Railway]] (''Alsenztalbahn'').

===Qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha===
Altenbamberg waxay ku taal [[Nahe (wine region)|Nahe khamri gobolka]], oo weli leh hal khamri-sameeye waqti-buuxa ah. Dadka tuulada, waxaa jira [[supermarket]] iyo [[bakery|rootii]]. Adeegyada caafimaadka waxaa inta badan la wareegaya magaalooyinka xuduudka la leh [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg]] iyo [[Bad Kreuznach]]. Waxa kale oo jira &quot;[[Gastronomy|gastronomical]]&quot; xarumaha leh toban sariirood.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=Economic structure |access-date=2013-08-02 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219034330/http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Kaniisadaha===
Altenbamberg waxay kaloo leedahay hal [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[church (building)|kaniisad]] iyo hal [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] kaniisad, mid kasta oo leh adeegyo toddobaadle ah.

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirka dibadda==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.altenbamberg.com/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] (Jarmal)
* [http://www.vg-bme.de/index.php?site=altenbamberg Altenbamberg oo ku taal bogagga degmada wadaagga ah] (Jarmal)
* [http://www.rlb.de/cgi-bin/wwwalleg/wiki.pl?db=rpb&amp;index=1&amp;zeilen=1&amp;s1=o13302003? Suugaanta ku saabsan Altenbamberg at ''Rheinland-Pfälzische Landesbibliographie''] (Jarmal)


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  <page>
    <title>Altenkirchen</title>
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      <text bytes="5080" sha1="4ioaeu05037fphaan5rlfat1v7unezy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|type               = Stadt
|image_photo       = MichelbachApril2009Zwo 013.jpg
|image_caption     = Fagaara magaalada
|image_coa            = DEU Altenkirchen (Westerwald) COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|41|14|N|07|38|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Altenkirchen (Westerwald) in AK.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Altenkirchen 
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld
|elevation              = 230
|area            = 10.98
|postal_code               = 57601–57610
|area_code           = 02681
|licence               = AK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 501
|website           = {{URL|https://www.altenkirchen.de/}}
|mayor             = Matthias Gibhardt&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = SPD
}}

'''Altenkirchen''' ({{IPA|de|ˌaltn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩|-|De-Altenkirchen2.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]], caasimadda [[Altenkirchen (district)|degmada Altenkirchen]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 40 km dhanka bari ee [[Bonn]] iyo 50 km dhanka waqooyi ee [[Koblenz]]. Altenkirchen waa xarunta ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' (&quot;ururka degmooyinka&quot;) ee '''[[Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld]].'''

==Horumarinta dadweynaha==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
|1787||align=&quot;right&quot; |112
|-
|1800||align=&quot;right&quot; |450
|-
|1830||align=&quot;right&quot; |990
|-
|1853||align=&quot;right&quot; |1,497
|-
|1861||align=&quot;right&quot; |1,700
|-
|1900||align=&quot;right&quot; |2,044
|-
|1933||align=&quot;right&quot; |3,333
|-
|1939||align=&quot;right&quot; |3,562
|-
|1950||align=&quot;right&quot; |4,189
|-
|1962||align=&quot;right&quot; |4,618
|-
|1984||align=&quot;right&quot; |4,553
|-
|1999||align=&quot;right&quot; |6,640
|-
|2014||align=&quot;right&quot; |6,162
|}

==Juqraafi==
*[[Lahrer Herrlichkeit]], waa gobol muuqaal dhul ah oo ku yaal ururka degmooyinka ee [[Verbandsgemeinde Flammersfeld|Flammersfeld]]

==Dadka caanka ah==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101II-MN-1361-21A, Schlachtschiff Bismarck, Kapitän Ernst Lindemann.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Ernst Lindemann]]
* [[Dirk Adorf]] (dhashay 1969), darawal tartanka baabuurta
* [[Sabine Bätzing-Lichtenthäler]] (dhalatay 1975), siyaasi (SPD)
* [[Ernst Lindemann]] (1894–1941), sarkaal ka tirsan [[Imperial German Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada]] iyo mar dambe taliyihii badda ee maraakiibta dagaalka '' [[German battleship Bismarck|Bismarck]] ''
* [[Marie Gülich]] (dhalatay 1994), ciyaaryahan WNBA.

==Dad kale oo caan ah==
Dadka soo socda maaha dad asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Altenkirchen, laakiin waxay ka shaqeeyeen ama ku noolaayeen magaalada:
[[File:FW Raiffeisen.jpg|left|thumb|160px|Friedrioch Wilhelm Raiffeisen]]
* [[Wilhelm Boden]] (1890–1961), Ra'iisul wasaarihii hore ee Rheinland-Pfalz
* [[Ludwig Julius Budge]] (1811–1888), dhakhtar
* [[Bernhard Grzimek]] (1909–1987), khabiir xoolaha, wuxuu la shaqeeyay 1938 Xafiiska Xoolaha ee Degmada Altenkirchen si loola dagaallamo [[bovine tuberculosis|tubaakada lo'da]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wiki.westerwald-gymnasium.de/index.php/1938 Diarium the Westerwald Gymnasium] iyadoo la tixraacayo Rhein-Zeitung ee 5 Janaayo 1985 (+ aan lahayn qoraal taariikh nololeedka 1974 p.134)&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[François Séverin Marceau]] (1769–1796), janaraal Faransiis ah
* [[Krzysztof Meyer]] (dhashay 1943), muusikiiste
* [[Hans Nüsslein]] (1910–1991), ciyaaryahan tennis Jarmal ah, horyaalka adduunka ee xirfadleyda 1933, 1936, 1937
* [[Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen]] (1818–1888), dib-u-habeeyaha bulshada
* [[Ewald Schnug]] (* 1954), cilmi-baare beeraha, borofisar, Madaxweyne sharafeedka Xarunta Sayniska Caalamiga ah ee Bacriminta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ciec.iae.ac.cn/staff/|title=Shaqaalaha--Xarunta Sayniska Caalamiga ah ee Bacriminta(CIEC)}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Gaadiidka==
[[File:Bahnhof Altenkirchen Vectus HLB.jpg|thumb|right|Saldhigga Altenkirchen, qaybta tareenka rakaabka]]
[[File:Güterbahnhof Altenkirchen.jpg|thumb|right|Saldhigga Altenkirchen, qaybta xamuulka]]
[[Altenkirchen (Westerw) station|Saldhigga Altenkirchen (Westerw)]] wuxuu ku xiran yahay [[Limburg-Altenkirchen railway|tareenka Limburg-Altenkirchen]] iyo sidoo kale [[Engers-Au railway|tareenka Engers-Au]], khadka gaadiidka tareenka dadweynaha waa RB90 oo ka yimaada [[Limburg an der Lahn|Limburg]] iyadoo loo marayo [[Diez, Germany|Diez Ost]], [[Westerburg station|Westerburg]], [[Nistertal-Bad Marienberg station|Nistertal-Bad Marienberg]], [[Hachenburg]], Altenkirchen, [[Au (Sieg) station |Au (Sieg)]] iyo [[Betzdorf (Sieg) station|Betzdorf (Sieg)]] ilaa [[Siegen]].

Magaalada Altenkirchen iyo degmada Altenkirchen waxay ku yaalliin aagga ururka gaadiidka Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM), lambarka aagga 910.

Altenkirchen waxaa sidoo kale u adeega khadadka basaska maxalliga ah 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 136, 250, 251, 255, 280, 285, 287, 289, 408, 416 iyo 934.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

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    <title>Altlandsberg</title>
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      <text bytes="7112" sha1="d6mhtleikudpyezbh3b718zbb5q9hxn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type              = Stadt
|image_coa         = DEU Altlandsberg COA.svg
|image_flag        = Flag of Altlandsberg.png
|image_photo       = Altlandsberg asv2022-09 img04 Rathaus.jpg
|image_caption     = Xarunta magaalada
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|34|00|N|13|43|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Altlandsberg in MOL.png
|state             = 
|district          = Märkisch-Oderland
|elevation         = 57
|area              = 106.6
|postal_code       = 15345
|area_code         = 033438
|licence           = MOL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 64 029
|divisions         = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e
|mayor             = Michael Töpfer&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2023&amp;ndash;31
|party             = madax-bannaan
|website           = [http://www.altlandsberg.de/ www.altlandsberg.de]
}}
'''Altlandsberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltlantsˌbɛʁk|-|De-Altlandsberg.ogg}}) waa [[German town law|magaalo]] taariikhi ah oo ku taal degmada [[Märkisch-Oderland]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}} bariga [[Berlin]].

==Taariikhda==
Altlandsberg waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 1230, waxayna ku taallay goob uu markii hore ka jiray deegaan [[Polabian Slavs|Slavic]] ([[Sprevane]]). Deegaanka ayaa markii dambe dib loo dejiyay intii lagu jiray [[Ostsiedlung]]-kii Jarmalka, taas oo ay kor u qaadeen labadaba [[House of Ascania|Ascanian]] Margraves ee [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] iyo kuwa xafiiltama ee Margraves ee [[Margraviate of Meissen|Meissen]] oo ka tirsan [[House of Wettin]]. Magaca magaaladu waxa laga yaabaa inuu tixraaco qalcadda Saxon [[Landsberg, Saxony-Anhalt|Landsberg]] sidaas darteedna uu tilmaamayo aasaas ay sameeyeen Wettins. 1245 xiisaduhu waxay u kaceen iska horimaad hubaysan, kaas oo ay Ascanians-ku ku guuleysteen inay ilaashadaan dhulkooda. Waqtigaas ka dib Altlandsberg waxay la joogtay Brandenburg.

[[File:Altlandsberg asv2022-09 img06 Ortskern Luftbild.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka sare ee Altlandsberg]]

Magaalada waxaa lagu dhisay codsi ka yimid madaxdii Ascanian, beddelkoodii Margrave [[Louis V, Duke of Bavaria|Louis I]] oo ka yimid [[House of Wittelsbach]] ee Bavarian ayaa xitaa aasaasay kaniisad ka tirsan [[Servite Order]] 1335, taas oo la kala diray intii lagu jiray [[Protestant Reformation]]. Altlandsberg waxaa burburiyay [[Hussite Wars|Hussites]] 1432, waxaana saameeyay dhowr dab oo magaalada ah iyo cudurka [[Plague (disease)|daacuunka]] qarnigii 16-aad. Magaaladii dhexe ayaa gebi ahaanba gubatay 1632 intii lagu jiray [[Thirty Years' War]]. [[hoard|Kayd]] ka kooban 7450 qadaadiic dahab iyo qalin ah oo soo bilaabmay qarnigii 14-aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 15-aad ayaa laga helay dhulka ay ku taallay gurigii hore ee manor dabayaaqadii 2016. Taariikhuhu waxay soo jeedinayaan in lagu aasay si loo ilaaliyo intii lagu jiray dagaalladii Hussite. Waa tan ugu weyn ee ilaa hadda laga helay gobolka Brandenburg, waxaana hadda lagu baarayaa matxafka qadiimiga ah ee [[Brandenburg an der Havel]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = http://www.maz-online.de/Brandenburg/Gestatten-Brandenburgs-groesster-Schatz | date = 21 December 2016 | author = Gudrun Jänicke | title =  Gestatten, Brandenburgs größter Schatz | newspaper = Märkische Allgemeine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dadka ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Altlandsberg.pdf|Horumarka Dadka tan iyo 1875 gudaha Xuduudaha Hadda (Khadka Buluugga ah: Dadka; Khadka Dhibcaha ah: Isbarbardhigga Horumarka Dadka ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asal cawl: Waqtigii xukunka Nazi; Asal cas: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)
File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Altlandsberg.pdf|Horumarka Dadka ee Dhawaan iyo saadaalin (Horumarka Dadka ka hor tirakoobka 2011 (khad buluug ah); Horumarka Dadka ee Dhawaan marka loo eego [[Census in Germany]] ee 2011 (khadka xuduudaha buluugga ah); Saadaasha rasmiga ah ee 2005-2030 (khad huruud ah); ee 2017-2030 (khad guduudan); ee 2020-2030 (khad cagaaran)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{historical populations
|align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr
|title = Altlandsberg: Horumarka dadka &lt;br&gt;gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2020)&lt;ref&gt;Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helayaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1875 | 3875
| 1890 | 4214
| 1910 | 4437
| 1925 | 6029
| 1939 | 8188
| 1950 | 9326
| 1964 | 5935
| 1971 | 5853
| 1981 | 5043
| 1985 | 4942
| 1990 | 4799
| 1995 | 5265
| 2000 | 7903
| 2005 | 8677
| 2010 | 8806
| 2015 | 9158
| 2016 | 9298
| 2017 | 9371
| 2018 | 9490
| 2019 | 9526
| 2020 | 9662
}}

== Duqa magaalada ==
1993 [[Ravindra Gujjula]] ayaa loo doortay duqa magaalada, wuxuu xafiiska hayay ilaa 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brandeins, 02/2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.brandeins.de/archiv/2004/mythos-zahl/der-fremde-und-seine-heimat/|title = Der Fremde und seine Heimat - brand eins online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manfred Andruleit wuxuu ahaa duqa magaalada laga bilaabo 2003 ilaa 2007.

Luulyo 2007 Arno Jaeschke (madax-bannaan) ayaa lagu doortay 54,8% codadkii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ergebnis der Bürgermeisterwahl am 1. Juli 2007 |url=http://www.wahlen.brandenburg.de/bmwahlen/1206402900/s |access-date=2026-07-15 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120134/http://www.wahlen.brandenburg.de/bmwahlen/1206402900/s |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa dib loo doortay Juun 2015 iyadoo 56,8% codadkii ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ergebnis der Bürgermeisterstichwahl am 14. Juni 2015 |url=http://www.wahlen.brandenburg.de/bmwahlen/1206402900/s |access-date=2026-07-15 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120134/http://www.wahlen.brandenburg.de/bmwahlen/1206402900/s |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wiilal iyo gabdho ka soo jeeda magaalada ==

* {{ill|Friedrich Wilhelm Langerhans|de}} (1780–1851), naqshadeeye iyo qorsheeyaha magaalada Berlin
* {{ill|Fritz Kunert|de}} (1850–1931), xubin baarlamaan (SPD)
* [[Erasmus Schöfer]] (1931-2022), qoraa
* {{ill|Herbert Graedtke|de}} (dhashay 1941), jilaa tiyaatar iyo agaasime
* [[Dagmar Enkelmann]] (dhashay 1956), xubin baarlamaan ([[The Left (Germany)|Die Linke (''&quot;The Left&quot;'')]])
* Paul Palm (1913-1990), taliyaha taangiga Wehrmacht iyo qaataha Cross-ka Dahabka ah ee Jarmalka

== Shakhsiyaad kale oo la xiriira magaalada ==

* Frederick I (Prussia)(1657–1713), boqorkii ugu horreeyay ee Prussia, waxaa lagu barbaaray Altlandsberg
* [[Gujjula Ravindra Reddy]] (dhashay 1954), 1993-2003 duqa magaalada sharafta leh ee Altlandsberg

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=140px&gt;
File:Altlandsberg church.jpg|Kaniisadda Altlandsberg
File:Gielsdorf Kirche.jpg|Kaniisadda Gielsdorf
File:Friedrich I of Prussia.jpg|Friedrich I oo Prussia ah qiyaastii 1701
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirka dibadda ==
{{commons category-inline}}

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    <title>Altlay</title>
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      <text bytes="6773" sha1="q328ecjltl4iq0ypdwum1vl6bydld1p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type                = Ortsgemeinde
|image_coa             = DEU Altlay COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|49|59|15.66|N|7|16|14.75|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Altlay in COC.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Cochem-Zell
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Zell (Mosel)
|elevation               = 300 
|area             = 5.75
|postal_code                = 56858
|area_code            = 06543
|licence                = COC
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 003
|divisions         = 
|website           = [http://www.altlay.de/ www.altlay.de]
|mayor             = Wolfgang Klein&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}
'''Altlay''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Cochem-Zell]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''[[Verbandsgemeinde|Verbandsgemeinde]]'' ee Zell, oo xarunteedu tahay degmada [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell an der Mosel]].

== Juqraafi ==

Degmadu waxay ku taal waqooyiga [[Hunsrück]] inta u dhaxaysa [[Frankfurt-Hahn Airport]] (3 km dhinaca koonfureed) iyo [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]] joogga qiyaastii 300 m ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Waqooyiga tuulada, Altlayer Bach wuxuu maraa doox cidhiidhi ah oo ku sii jeeda Moselle. Altlay waxay 8 km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell]] iyo 11 km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigtaa magaalada [[Kirchberg, Rhein-Hunsrück|Kirchberg]].

== Taariikhda ==
Horraantii 1107, degmada waxaa lagu xusay magaca ''Leia''.&lt;ref&gt;Ludwig Armbrust: Hunsrücker Ortsnamen in den Kreisen Simmern und Zell&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaastii 1489, [[slate]] macdanta u dhow Altlay ayaa la xusay.&lt;ref&gt;Sponheimer Urkunde, Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz, Bestand 33, Urkunde 20163 vom 20. Juni 1489&lt;/ref&gt; Laga bilaabo 1794, Altlay waxay hoos timid xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. 1815 waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Shirweynihii Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd gobolka cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Marka loo eego ''Verwaltungsvereinfachungsgesetz'' (“Sharciga Fududeynta Maamulka”) ee 18 Luulyo 1970, oo dhaqan galay 7 Noofambar 1970, degmada waxaa lagu daray [[Zell (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Zell]].

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixin aqlabiyad]] ah doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.&lt;ref&gt;[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350500300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Duqa magaalada ===
Duqa magaalada Altlay waa Wolfgang Klein, ku-xigeenadiisuna waa Werner Boos iyo Edgar Engelbach.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.zell-mosel.de/content/view/264/140/ Altlay’s council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719115605/http://www.zell-mosel.de/content/view/264/140/ |date=2011-07-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska ==

=== Dhismayaasha ===
Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo ku taxan [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
* Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] ee Saint Barbara (''Pfarrkirche St. Barbara''), Hauptstraße 34 – [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] [[aisleless church]] laga bilaabo 1771; dibadda: iskutallaab bir ah laga bilaabo 1775; [[mission cross]] laga bilaabo 1868.
* Meel u dhow Fuchsstraße 8 – [[Cast iron|birta la shubay]] iskutallaab.
* Hauptstraße 43 – dhismo hantiyeed oo ku teedsan waddada, [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] guri, qayb ahaan adag ama la saaray, qarnigii 18-aad/19-aad; dhismo dhan oo leh baalal ganacsi.
* Kuhtrift 10 – dhismo hantiyeed oo ku teedsan waddada, guri timber-frame ah, qayb ahaan adag, qarnigii 19-aad.
* Bleesmühle – guri timber-frame ah, horraantii qarnigii 19-aad.&lt;ref&gt;[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Cochem-Zell district]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==

=== Macdanta Slate ===
Dooxada Altlayer Bach, [[slate]] waxaa laga qoday dusha sare ka dib markii macdanta dhulka hoostiisa laga tanaasulay qarnigii 20-aad. Macdanta dhulka hoostiisa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar kale ayaa la samaynayaa hadda oo la furay kayd cusub oo aad u qaali ah in laga shaqeeyo dusha sare oo saameyn xun ku yeelan lahaa muuqaalka muuqaalka. Qadarka badan ee macdanta lagu kharribay ayaa hadda sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu buuxiyo macdanta dhulka hoostiisa ee hore. Dukumeenti [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] oo taariikhdiisu tahay 20 Juun 1489, macdanta slate ee &quot;u dhow Altlay&quot; ayaa la xaqiijiyay in la sameeyay horraantii wakhtigaas.

=== Macdanta birta ee aan ferrous-ka ahayn ===
Sidoo kale waxaa Altlay laga qoday qarniyo badan macdanta birta ee aan ferrous-ka ahayn. Ilaa 1959-kii oo ku taal Adolph-Helene pit, [[trade union|ururka]] Barbarasegen wuxuu qoday, kuwa kale, [[lead]], [[zinc]], [[silver]] iyo [[copper]] macdan. Sida lagu qiyaasay, 384 000 t oo macdan ah ayaa la qoday.&lt;ref&gt;Johannes Stets, Bonn: Zur Buntmetallvererzung im Hunsrück am Beispiel der Vorkommen bei Altlay; [[Hunsrückverein]] e.V. Jahrbuch 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Waxa kale oo jiray [[narrow gauge railway]] laga bilaabo godka ilaa [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell]] si loogu raro macdanta la qoday.

1957, godka Adolph-Helene waxaa loo kiraystay shirkadda macdanta [[Stolberger Zink]], laakiin waxay hawlgalka xireen laba sano ka dib.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Die Zeit, Nr. 30, 25.07.2957 |url=http://www.zeit.de/1957/30/NE-Metallpreise-diktieren-die-Ertraege |access-date=2026-07-15 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608214215/http://www.zeit.de/1957/30/NE-Metallpreise-diktieren-die-Ertraege |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Qiimaha macdanta birta oo hoos u dhacay ayaa horseeday in aan faa'iido lahayn. In kasta oo qiimihii uu mar dambe kor u kacay, godka waxaa loo arkay in aanu u qalmin in mar kale la furo.&lt;ref&gt;Die Erzgrube &quot;Adolph Helene&quot; in Altlay, Simone Bey, Jahrbuch 1990, Kreis Cochem-Zell&lt;/ref&gt;

Maanta waxaa la arki karaa oo kaliya haraadiga xarumaha warshadaha ee hore. [[headframe]]-ka waxaa la dumiyay 1960-meeyadii. Dhismayaashii kale way burbureen.&lt;ref&gt;[http://rhein-zeitung.de/07/06/13/L/00000184.html RZ-Online Artikelarchiv vom 13. Juni 2007]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirka dibadda ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.altlay.de/ Websaytka rasmiga ah ee degmada]

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    <title>Altleiningen</title>
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      <text bytes="9513" sha1="gsssouhdb623c1zdjydn5wue2szh0c4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Altleiningen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|30|29|N|08|04|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Altleiningen in DÜW.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Bad Dürkheim
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Leiningerland
|elevation              = 301
|area            = 11.47
|postal_code               = 67317
|area_code           = 06356
|licence               = DÜW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 32 001
|website           = [https://www.vg-l.de/ortsgemeinden/altleiningen/ www.vg-l.de/ortsgemeinden/altleiningen/]
|mayor             = Gunther Schneider&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bad Dürkheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Altleiningen''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Degmadu waxay ku taal joogga 300 m ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Palatinate Forest]] ee dooxada Eckbach, oo ah 39 km oo biyo-mareen ah oo ku shuba [[Rhine]]. Altleiningen waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Leiningerland (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Leiningerland]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Grünstadt]].

== Taariikhda ==

=== Magaca ===
Altleiningen, oo markii hore ahaa ''Leiningen'', ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 780 markii [[Lorsch Abbey]]’s [[Lorsch codex|buugga hantida]] lagu qoray hanti kayd ah ''in linunga marca'' ([[Latin]] macnaheedu yahay “deegaanka Leiningen”). Magacaabiddu waxay tixraacaysaa ''Leinbaum'', oo ah magac maxalli ah oo wakhtigaas inta badan loo isticmaali jiray [[Acer platanoides|Norway Maple]], laakiin mararka qaarkoodna [[Tilia platyphyllos|geedka linden ee caleenta ballaaran]]. Maadaama labada geedba inta badan laga helay iyagoo ku koraya dhinaca Eckbach, biyo-mareenka wakhtigan ayaa sidoo kale lagu magacaabay ''Leinbach''.

Magaca degmadu waxa kale oo ka soo jeeda magaca qoyska sharafta leh ee [[House of Leiningen|Leiningen]]. Qoyskani waxa uu haystay waxa loogu yeero ''Leiningerland'' qarniyo badan.

=== Maamulka maxalliga ah ===
Ka dib [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], degmadu waxay markii hore ka tirsanayd degmada Frankenthal, taas oo intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee Rhineland-Palatinate la baabi'iyay 1969. Altleiningen ayaa markaa isku aragtay degmada cusub ee Bad Dürkheim. 1972, Altleiningen waxay sidoo kale isku aragtay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Hettenleidelheim oo iyaduna cusub.

=== Diinta ===
2007, 45.7% dadka deggan waxay ahaayeen [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] iyo 30.1% [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]]. Inta kale waxay ka tirsanaayeen diimo kale ama aysan waxba raacin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=KommWis, Stand: 31.12.2007 |url=http://www.kommwis.de/uploads/media/Online-Gemeindestatistik_02.htm |access-date=2026-07-15 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929133331/http://www.kommwis.de/uploads/media/Online-Gemeindestatistik_02.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinka soo socda:
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|---  class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot;
!'''Xisbiyada iyo bulshooyinka codbixiyayaasha'''
!align=&quot;center&quot; | '''%&lt;br /&gt;2009'''
!align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Kuraasta&lt;br /&gt;2009'''
!align=&quot;center&quot; | Farqiga&lt;br /&gt;2004
|----
|WG Dennhardt
|align=&quot;right&quot; |35.0
|align=&quot;right&quot; |6
|align=&quot;right&quot; |+2
|----
|FWG
|align=&quot;right&quot; |32.8
|align=&quot;right&quot; |5
|align=&quot;right&quot; |-2
|----
|[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
|align=&quot;right&quot; |20.5
|align=&quot;right&quot; |3
|align=&quot;right&quot; |+1
|----
|WG Köhler
|align=&quot;right&quot; |6.3
|align=&quot;right&quot; |1
|align=&quot;right&quot; |+1
|----
|[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
|align=&quot;right&quot; |5.4
|align=&quot;right&quot; |1
|align=&quot;right&quot; |-2
|}

=== Duqa magaalada ===
{|width=80%
|width=50% valign=top|
laga bilaabo 2019 Gunther Schneider&lt;br /&gt;
2009–2019 Frank Dennhardt (WG)&lt;br /&gt;
1992–2009 Karl Meister (FWG)&lt;br /&gt;
1990–1992 Michael Haab (CDU)&lt;br /&gt;
1979–1990 Otwin Frank (FWG)&lt;br /&gt;
1974–1979 Jakob Neu (CDU)&lt;br /&gt;
1971–1974 Gerd Abel (WG)&lt;br /&gt;
1969–1971 Friedrich Dörner (WG)&lt;br /&gt;
1952–1969 Jakob Neu (CDU)&lt;br /&gt;
1948–1952 August Dörner&lt;br /&gt;
1945–1948 Christoph Bohn II.&lt;br /&gt;
1934–1945 Johannes Jotter II.&lt;br /&gt;
1933 (Juun–Diseembar) August Alebrand&lt;br /&gt;
|width=50% valign=top|
1931–1933 Christoph Bohn II.&lt;br /&gt;
1910–1931 Karl Heinrich Klein&lt;br /&gt;
1899–1909 Heinrich Müller&lt;br /&gt;
1894–1899 Karl Krauß I.&lt;br /&gt;
1871–1894 Heinrich Müller III.&lt;br /&gt;
1870–1871 Johann Müller IV.&lt;br /&gt;
1859–1869 Philipp Jakob Zimmermann&lt;br /&gt;
1848–1859 Samuel Krebill&lt;br /&gt;
1844–1848 Heinrich Krebill&lt;br /&gt;
1842–1844 Heinrich Haartung&lt;br /&gt;
1820–1842 Abraham Krebill&lt;br /&gt;
1814–1820 Jakob Zimmermann&lt;br /&gt;
1808–1814 Abraham Krebill&lt;br /&gt;
1804–1808 Georg Walter
|}

=== Calanka magaalada ===
Blazon-ka Jarmalka ayaa akhrinaya: ''In Rot ein schwebendes angetatztes goldenes Kreuz mit eingeschlagenen eichenblattartigen Verzierungen an den Balkenenden, bewinkelt von vier silbernen Adlern.''

Hubka degmada [[Coat of arms|hubka]] waxaa lagu qeexi karaa sidan: Gules a cross pattée couped oo leh qurxinta caleenta geedka ee dhammaadka cudud kasta Or inta u dhaxaysa afar gorgor oo la soo bandhigay argent.

Hubka waxaa ansixiyay ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] oo hadda la baabi'iyay. Waxay dib ugu noqotaa shaabad laga soo bilaabo 1716. Waxay la mid yihiin hubka ay qaadeen Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg, oo lahaa xaruntoodii hore ee Castle Altleiningen.&lt;ref&gt;Karl Heinz Debus: ''Das große Wappenbuch der Pfalz''. Neustadt an der Weinstraße 1988, {{ISBN|3-9801574-2-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska ==
[[File:Burg Altleiningen Jugendherberge.JPG|thumb|Qaybta gudaha ee Qasriga, oo hadda ah hostel dhalinyaro]]
[[File:st.jacob.jpg|thumb|St. Jacob's oo ku taal xarunta fog ee Höningen. gadaasha midig, gaabka galbeed ee kaniisadda kaniisadda burburay]]

=== Qasriga Altleiningen ===
[[Altleiningen Castle]] (''Burg Altleiningen'') waxaa laga dhisay meesha ugu sarreysa buur, qiyaastii 400 oo mitir oo dherer ah, taas oo ka sarreysa bangiga bidix ee Eckbach. Qasriga gudihiisa waxaa ku yaal [[youth hostel|hostel dhalinyaro]] iyo – xabada – [[swimming pool|barkad dabaasha]] kulul. In saqafka ''Ehrenhalle'' – &quot;Hall of Honour&quot; – qol laga soocay barxadda qasriga by arcades, kooxda tiyaatarka hiwaayadda, Altleiningen Castle Players (''Burgspiele Altleiningen'') ayaa soo saarayay ciyaaro adag – classical, casri ah, inta badan sidoo kale qaar leh dhinacyo taariikhi ah – sanad walba bilaha xagaaga ilaa 1980.

=== Höningen Abbey iyo Kaniisadda St. James ===
Höningen, oo qiyaastii 2 km koonfur ka xigta, waa [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] Church of St. James (''Kirche St. Jacob'') iyo haraaga kaniisadda canonical ee Höningen. Kan dambe wuxuu leeyahay iridda laga galo xagga waqooyi, iyo gaabka galbeed ee dhismayaasha convent iyo kaniisadda kaniisadda ayaa barbar socda waddada sare ee casriga ah. Saint James’ iyo abbey labaduba waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 1120. Laba [[letters patent|warqado patent]], mid kasta oo ka mid ah [[Pope Innocent II]] iyo Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Friedrich Barbarossa]], waxay hoosta ka xariiqayaan muhiimadda kaniisadda wakhtigii la aasaasay.

=== Höningen Latin School ===
Xusuusinta Höningen Latin School (''Höninger Lateinschule'', 1573–1630), kaas oo ''Leininger-[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]'' ee [[Grünstadt]] uu xididada ku leeyahay, waa aqal iridda oo ku yaal waddada dambe.

=== 20-Pipe Well ===
Laga soo bilaabo [[20-Pipe Well]] (''20-Röhren-Brunnen''), kaas oo laga quudiyo adit oo si qoto dheer loogu quusiyay dhagaxa qiyaastii 1600 si loo siiyo qasriga kor ku xusan biyo, Eckbach maanta wuxuu soo jiitaa inta badan socodkiisa. Waa sidoo kale halkan in 19 km [[Eckbach Mill Path|Eckbach Mill baaskiil iyo jidka socodka]] bilaabmaa, kaas oo raacaya wabiga hoose ilaa [[Dirmstein]].

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==

=== Ganacsiyada la aasaasay ===
Goobta warshadaha Drahtzug waxay ku taal Eckbach 2 km waqooyi-bari ee tuulada waxaana loogu magac daray [[Drahtzug Stein|Drahtzug Stein GmbH + Co. KG]], kaas oo leh xarun wax soo saar halkaas. Ganacsigu waa midka ugu weyn ee loo shaqeeyaha degmada Bad Dürkheim.

=== Gaadiidka ===
[[Leiningen Valley Railway]] waxay mar ku orodday Altleiningen ilaa Grünstadt. Adeegyada rakaabka ayaa laga shaqeeyay khadka 1903 ilaa 1969 iyo, ilaa dabayaaqadii 2005, qaybta haray ee tareenka ayaa wali ku shaqeeya taraafikada alaabta ee qaybta Grünstadt–Drahtzug si loogu adeego warshadda.

Adeegga baska ee khadka Grünstadt–Altleiningen ayaa istaaga Drahtzug.

== Dadka caanka ah ==

=== Wiilal iyo gabdho ka soo jeeda magaalada ===
* [[Phil Jutzi]], agaasimaha filimada
* Winfried Storhas, borofisar ku takhasusay tignoolajiyada [[Bioreactor|Bioreaction]], Jaamacadda Mannheim

=== Dadka caanka ah ee la xiriira degmada ===
* [[Silvio Adzic]], [[Association football|ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah]], wuxuu ku koray Altleiningen

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirka dibadda ==
{{Commons}}
*[http://www.altleiningen.de/ Websaytka rasmiga ah ee degmada]


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      <text bytes="8735" sha1="n7d2bb52tfvb5e5868ndxvvgd2tl4om" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
| image_coa         = DEU Altomünster COA.svg
| coordinates       = {{coord|48|23|N|11|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_plan        = Altomünster in DAH.svg
| state             = 
| region            = Oberbayern
| district          = Dachau
| elevation         = 518
| area              = 75.79
| postal_code       = 85250
| area_code         = 08254
| licence           = DAH
| Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 74 111
| divisions         = 47 [[Ortsteil]]e
| website           = {{URL|http://www.altomuenster.de}}
| mayor             = Michael Reiter&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
| party             = 
| image_photo       = Sankt Alto und Birgitta (Altomünster).jpg
| imagesize         = 
| image_caption     = Kaniisadda St Alto iyo Birgitta
}}

'''Altomünster''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Dachau (district)|Dachau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka.

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta juqraafi ===
Suuqa wuxuu ku yaallaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Dachau, waxaana uu ku dhow yahay bartamaha saddex xagalka ay sameeyeen magaalooyinka [[Munich]], [[Augsburg]] iyo [[Ingolstadt]]. Tuuladu waxay ku taal waddada gobolka DAH 2. Qulqulka Stumpfenbach ayaa mara Altomünster, kaas oo ku shuba [[Zeitlbach]].

=== Qaab-dhismeedka degmada ===
Markt Altomünster waxaa loo habeeyay 48-ka tuulo ee soo socda:

Altomünster, Arnberg, Asbach, Breitenau, Deutenhofen, Erlach, Erlau, Freistetten, Haag, Halmsried, Hohenried, Hohenzell, Humersberg, Hutgraben, Irchenbrunn, Kiemertshofen, Lauterbach, Lichtenberg, Maisbrunn, Obererlach, Oberndorf, Oberschröttenloh, Oberzeitlbach, Ottelsburg, Ottmarshausen, Pfaffenhofen, Pipinsried, Plixenried, Radenzhofen, Rametsried, Randelsried, Reichertshausen, Röckersberg, Rudersberg, Ruppertskirchen, Schauerschorn, Schielach, Schloßberg, Schmarnzell, Schmelchen, Sengenried, Stumpfenbach, Teufelsberg, Thalhausen, Übelmanna, Unterzeitlbach, Wollomoos iyo Xyger.

== Taariikhda ==

=== Jadwalka ===

Sannadkii 750 AD, suufi socotayaal ah oo la odhan jiray [[Alto of Altomünster|Alto]] ayaa yimid aagga wuxuuna aasaasay kaniisad yar.

Kahor 1000, [[Guelphs]] waxay dhisteen kaniisad [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]]. [[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria]] wuxuu keenay 1,056 suufi si ay u dejiyaan canabka kaniisadda ee dhawaan la aasaasay ee Altdorf (hadda [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Weingarten]]), halka nunadii hore looga aasaasay Altdorf ay yimaadeen Altomünster. Waxay ku noolaayeen halkaas ilaa burburkii kaniisadda 1488 ee [[Pope Innocent VIII]].

Qiyaastii 1310, dukeyaashii [[Wittelsbach]] waxay siiyeen dadka deggan xuquuqda magaalada.

4 Oktoobar 1391 xuquuqda suuqa iyo magaalada waxaa xaqiijiyay Duke [[Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria]].

Qiyaastii 1420, dukeyaashii Ingolstadt waxay dhisteen goobta suuqa.

1496, Duke [[George, Duke of Bavaria|George of Bavaria]] wuxuu siiyay nunaha Amarka [[Bridget of Sweden|St. Bridget of Sweden]] ee ka yimid [[Maihingen]] oggolaansho ay kaniisad kaga aasaasaan Altomünster.

18 Maarso 1803, kaniisadda ugu dambeyntii waa la kala diray, inkasta oo markii dambe la soo nooleeyay. Maanta, marka laga reebo laan ku taal Bremen, waa kaniisaddii ugu dambaysay ee Amarka St. Bridget of Sweden ee Jarmalka.

1823, Altomünster waxay lumisay heerkeedii magaalada waxayna noqotay degmo miyi ah oo leh xuquuq suuq. Sababta ugu weyn ee tani waxay ahayd xiritaanka kaniisadda, taas oo ahayd shaqo-bixiyaha ugu weyn ee bixiya dhammaan kharashyada maamulka.

1862 waxaa la dhisay cisbitaal.

1869 waxaa la dhisay xanaano carruureed.

1882 waxaa la aasaasay Bangiga Kaydka Suuqa.

Waxaa jiray warshado biirka Altomünster tan iyo 1490-meeyadii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee 1886 warshad casri ah oo loo yaqaan 'Maierbräu Altomünster' ayaa ganacsi ku jirtay.&lt;ref&gt;Maierbräu Altomünster - History (German website). https://maierbraeu.de/historie/&lt;/ref&gt;

1888 Altomünster waxaa lagu xiray adeegga telegaraafka, waxaa ku xigay 1902 adeegga taleefanka.

Intii u dhaxaysay 1907 iyo 1910 magaalada koronto ayaa la geliyay.

18 Diseembar 1913 [[Dachau–Altomünster railway]] ayaa la furay.
[[File:Photo - Altomünster - Eröffnung der Bahnlinie - 1913.jpg|thumb|Furitaankii khadka Altomunster - Dachau 1913]]

1977, waxaa la daahfuray dhismo dugsi oo cusub.

1 Diseembar 1996 goobta lagu caweeyo ee &quot;Spider&quot; ayaa gubatay - saddex maalmood ka dib markii la xukumay maamulihii iyo &quot;isbahaysiga disco mafia&quot; Karl Heinz S.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.zeit.de/1996/51/Leben_und_Sterben_in_Dasing Leben und Sterben in Dasing - Wie ein bayerisches Dorf durch vier Morde seine Beschaulichkeit verlor] - ([[Die Zeit]] dated 13&amp;nbsp;December 1996)&lt;/ref&gt; Tan iyo markaas, xafladaha soo nooleynta Spider ee joogtada ah ayaa la qabtay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bv-alto.de/?page_id=24 Spider-Revival-Party 2.0] - (Burschenverein Altomünster, retrieved 4&amp;nbsp;December 2014)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ku-darid ===
[[File:Altomünster Panorama.jpg|1000px|thumb|center|Muuqaal panorama ah oo ka yimid bariga]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot;
! Gobol !! Dadka&lt;br&gt;(1970) !! Ku-darid &lt;br&gt;taariikhda !! Xusuusin
|-
| Thalhausen
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 243
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1 May 1978&lt;ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1978/&gt;
|
|-
| Wollomoos
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 478
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1 May 1978&lt;ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1978/&gt;
|
|-
| Pipinsried
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 444
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1 May 1978&lt;ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1978/&gt;
| In ka badan 351 444 oo dad ah, dib-u-kala-saaridda dadka kale marka loo eego [[Markt Indersdorf]]
|-
| Hohenzell
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 435
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1 May 1978&lt;ref name=Gemeindeverzeichnis1978&gt;{{citation|editor-surname1=Statistisches Bundesamt|title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27. 5. 1970 bis 31. 12. 1982 |publisher=[[Kohlhammer Verlag]]|publication-place=Stuttgart and Mainz|pages=571|isbn=3-17-003263-1|language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| Kiemertshofen
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 146
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1 January 1977&lt;ref name=Gemeindeverzeichnis1976und1977&gt;{{citation|editor-surname1=Statistisches Bundesamt|title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27. 5. 1970 bis 31. 12. 1982 |publisher=Kohlhammer Verlag|publication-place=Stuttgart and Mainz|pages=570|isbn=3-17-003263-1|language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| Oberzeitlbach
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 493
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1 January 1976&lt;ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1976und1977/&gt;
|
|-
| Randelsried
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 349
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1 January 1976&lt;ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1976und1977/&gt;
| In ka badan 300 349 oo dad ah, dib-u-kala-saaridda dadka kale ee [[Hilgertshausen-Tandern|Tandern]]
|-
| Stumpfenbach
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 191
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1 January 1972&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |surname1=Volkert |first=Wilhelm |title=Handbuch der bayerischen Ämter, Gemeinden und Gerichte 1799–1980 |date=1983 |pages=415 |publication-place=Munich |publisher=C.H.Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung |language=German |isbn=3-406-09669-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|}

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha suuqa ===
[[File:Rathaus Altomünster 2012.jpg|thumb|right|Madaxtooyada]]
Golaha Altomuenster wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20 kursi oo la doortay iyo mutadawiciin ah iyo Duqa Koowaad ee suuqa. Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 16 Maarso 2014 waxay keentay gunaanadka soo socda:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung |url=http://www.wahlen.bayern.de/kommunalwahlen/ |access-date=2026-07-15 |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328215008/http://www.wahlen.bayern.de/kommunalwahlen/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- class=&quot;backgroundcolour5&quot;
! Xisbiga !! Kuraasta
|-
| CSU
| 9
|-
| FWG
| 10
|-
| SPD
| 1
|-
| Wadarta
| 20
|}

== Waxbarashada ==
Dugsiga [[Volksschule Altomünster|Altomünster Primary and Middle School]] (''Volksschule Altomünster'') wuxuu leeyahay ilaa 500 oo arday. Laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 2011, waxay qayb ka ahayd iskaashiga [[Comenius programme|Comenius]]. Dugsiyada lala shaqeeyo ee lagu dhawaaqay waa dugsiga hoose ee [[Crook, County Durham|Crook]] ([[England]]) iyo ''école primaire'' ee [[Flesselles, Somme|Flesselles]] ([[France]]). Mawduuca mashruucu waa &quot;Healthy Active Citizens Across Europe&quot;.

== Iskaashi ==
*[[Nagyvenyim]] ([[Hungary]])

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Altomunster}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Altrip</title>
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      <text bytes="1963" sha1="5nzk310x5rn2silch36nwqg53num4w8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|name              = Altrip
|image_photo       = Altrip-10-Ludwigstr-Protestantische Kirche-gje.jpg
|image_coa            =DEU Altrip COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|26|N|8|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Karte Altrip.png
|state        = 
|region  = 
|district         = Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis
|Verbandsgemeinde = Rheinauen
|elevation              = 95
|area            = 10.47
|postal_code               = 67122
|area_code           = 06236
|licence               = RP
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 38 001
|website           = {{url|www.altrip.de}}
|mayor             = Volker Mansky&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}
'''Altrip''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltʁɪp}}; [[Palatine German dialects|Palatine German]]: ''Aldrib'') waa degmo ku taal [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa bangiga bidix ee [[Rhine]], qiyaastii 7&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Ludwigshafen]]. Tirada dadka sannadkii 2022 waxay ahayd 7,728.

== Magaalada mataanaha ah ==
Altrip waxay leedahay hal magaalo oo mataan ah:
* {{flagdeco|USA}} [[Kutztown, Pennsylvania|Kutztown]], [[Pennsylvania]], Mareykanka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Lisa|title=Kutztown and German town become sister cities|work=BerksMont News|date=February 18, 2021|url=https://www.berksmontnews.com/news/kutztown-and-german-town-become-sister-cities/article_3ddc3628-7232-11eb-88f3-9fd1fe3ea45b.html|accessdate=March 9, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Labaad 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225105902/https://www.berksmontnews.com/news/kutztown-and-german-town-become-sister-cities/article_3ddc3628-7232-11eb-88f3-9fd1fe3ea45b.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Amöneburg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="8285" sha1="i99cfkb7jl587rlnkoj48qj7oa7pseu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
| type               = Stadt
| image_photo       = Amoeneburg.jpg
| image_caption     = Aragtida magaalada oo laga eegay dhanka bari
| image_coa            = DEU Amöneburg COA.svg
| coordinates       = {{coord|50|47|52|N|8|55|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_plan          =Marburg-Biedenkopf_Amöneburg.png
| state        = 
| region  = Gießen
| district         = Marburg-Biedenkopf
| elevation              = 365
| area            = 43.9
| postal_code               = 35287
| area_code           = 06422
| licence               = MR
| Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 34 001
| website           = [http://www.amoeneburg.de/ www.amoeneburg.de]
| mayor             = Andre Schlipp&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-04/BVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen, Stand 13.04.2023|language=de|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS|access-date=2026-07-15|archive-date=2023-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162647/https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-04/BVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_term       = 2023&amp;ndash;29
| party             = madaxbannaan
}}

'''Amöneburg''' ({{IPA|de|aˈmøːnəbʊʁk|-|Amoeneburg.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada Marburg-Biedenkopf ee [[Hesse]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal [[buur]] waxaana lagu dhisay hareeraha [[qasriga]] oo isku magac ah, ''Burg Amöneburg''.

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Amöneburg waxay ku taal koonaha [[basalt]] oo laga arki karo meel fog, kaas oo hoostiisa uu qulqulo webiga [[Ohm (river)|Ohm]], oo ah wabi laanta ka ah [[Lahn]]. Laga soo bilaabo buuraha [[Vogelsberg]] ee koonfur-bari, Amöneburg waxaa u dhexeeya Amöneburg Basin, oo ah meel hoose oo looga shakisan yahay inay tahay [[meteorite crater|godka meteorka]]. Koonfur-galbeed waxaa ka kiciya buuraha Lahn.

=== Degmooyinka deriska ah ===
Waqooyiga, Amöneburg waxay xuduud la leedahay magaalada [[Kirchhain]], bari waxay la leedahay magaalada [[Stadtallendorf]] (labaduba waxay ka tirsan yihiin Marburg-Biedenkopf), koonfur-bari waxay la leedahay magaalada [[Homberg (Ohm)|Homberg]] ([[Vogelsbergkreis]]), galbeedkana waxay la leedahay degmada [[Ebsdorfergrund]] (Marburg-Biedenkopf).

=== degmooyinka ku dhex yaal magaalada ===
* Erfurtshausen
* Mardorf
* Roßdorf
* Rüdigheim

== Astaanta ==
Astaanta [[coat of arms|magaalada]] Amöneburg, sida qaar badan oo ku yaal galbeedka Jarmalka, waxay muujinaysaa [[Wheel of Mainz|Giriigga Mainz]] iyo [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin of Tours]] oo ah ilaaliyaha [[diocese of Mainz]] kaas oo qayb ka mid ah dharkiisa u jaraya qof sabool ah.

== Taariikhda ==
Natiijooyinka qoditaannada ayaa soo jeedinaya in aagga uu horay u degganaa [[New Stone Age|Xilligii Dhagaxa Cusub]]. Waxaa loo malaynayaa in xilligii [[Celt]]ic uu halkan ku yaallay magaalo (ama ''[[oppidum]]''). Sannadkii 721, [[Saint Boniface]] wuxuu dhisay [[monastery|keli]] yar iyo [[Church (building)|kaniisad]] ka hooseeya qasriga.

[[File:Burg Amöneburg De Merian Hassiae.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Amöneburg: laga soo bilaabo ''Topographia Hassiae'' ee Matthäus Merian 1655]] Bilowgii qarnigii 12-aad, inta badan Hesse waxay ka tirsanayd [[Thuringia]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhulka Thuringian, waxay ahaayeen kuwo kala firdhiyey oo inta badan lagu dhex daray hanti ay lahaayeen [[Archbishopric of Mainz]] iyo kuwa ay ku tiirsanaayeen. Kaniisadda Amöneburg waxay ka tirsanayd archbishopric ilaa 1803.

Fagaaraha suuqa ee Amöneburg waxaa loo dhigay qaabkan qarnigii 18-aad. Sidoo kale mudan in la arko waa ''Mainzer Hof'' oo leh [[barn|bakhaar]] iyo guri manor ah oo ku yaal Lindauer Tor (iridda).

Kaniisadda ku dhow waa [[neo-Gothic|neo-Gothic]] [[basilica|basilika]]. Dhankeeda waqooyi waxaa ku yaal munaaradda kaniisadda ee qarnigii 14-aad oo leh koob [[Baroque|Baroque]].

Hareeraha buurta oo samaysa goobta magaalada waxaa ku yaal gidaarka magaalada, kaas oo weli si weyn loo ilaaliyay. Waddada wareegta ah waxay bixisaa aragtiyo wanaagsan oo ku saabsan dhulka ku hareeraysan.

Cidhifka koonfur-bari ee dhagaxyada ay magaaladu ku taal waxaa ku yaal ''Brückermühle'', oo ah mishiin duug ah, oo leh buundo dhagax ah oo duug ah (''Ohmbrücke'') oo ka tallaaba webiga Ohm, kaas oo ahaa marinka taariikh ahaan muhiim ah. Waxaa laga yaqaanaa dagaalkii reer Hessians iyo [[Braunschweig|Brunswickers']] ee ka dhanka ah [[France|Faransiiska]] 1762, oo maanta lagu xusuusto Baroque obelisk oo ku yaal barxadda dibadda ee [[Public house#Inns|inn]] ''Brückerwirtshaus''.

Bishii Juun 1646 ciidamada Imperialist waxay magaalada ku qabsadeen heshiis.&lt;ref&gt;Helfferich, Tryntje, The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge, 2009), p. 300.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Amoneburg St Johann.jpg|thumb|280px|''Stiftskirche'' St. Johann]]

=== Meelaha la trray ===
Hareeraha Amöneburg, degmooyinka la trray ee Brück, Brunsfort, Gerende, Heuchelheim, Lindau, Radenhausen iyo Wanehusen ayaa laga yaabaa in la helo.

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Duqa magaalada ===
*1996-2002: Oliver Haupt
*2002-2005: Anders Arendt
*2005-maanta: Michael Richter-Plettenberg

=== Golaha magaalada ===
Sida uu dhigayo natiijooyinkii doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 6-dii Maarso 2016, kuraasta golaha magaalada ayaa loo qaybiyay sidan:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik-hessen.de/k2016/html/EG534001.htm |title=Kommunalwahlen 2016 in Hessen |website=www.statistik-hessen.de |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613164741/http://www.statistik-hessen.de/k2016/html/EG534001.htm |archive-date=13 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:300px; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] ||11 kursi
|- 
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || 6 kursi
|- 
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | FWG (isku-xirka muwaadiniinta)|| 6 kursi
|- 
|}

== Gaadiidka ==
Waqooyi xoogaa ka xigta Amöneburg waxaa mara Highway Federal B 62 ([[Biedenkopf]] - [[Alsfeld]]) oo leh isku xirka B 454 ilaa [[Schwalmstadt]] iyo B 3 oo u jeedda [[Marburg]]. Isku xirka tareenka ee ugu dhow waa 5&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi, ee [[Kirchhain]].

== Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah ==
* Kirchweihfest (Dabbaaldegga u-huridda kaniisadda, sannad kasta, usbuuca ugu dambeeya ee Ogosto, oo ay soo qabanqaabiyeen naadiyada deegaanka)

== Matxafyada ==
Museum Amöneburg: Taariikhda hore iyo taariikhda hore ee Amöneburg Basin, taariikhda beeraha, dhismaha qarniyadii dhexe iyo natiijooyinka qoditaannada, moodooyinka iyo dioramas oo leh ogeysiisyo sharraxaad ah, iyo qolalka saqafka sare ee xarunta macluumaadka ilaalinta dabiiciga ah.

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Bonifazius.jpg|thumb|150px|Taallada Saint Boniface, oo gadaal ka xigta Cathedral of Mainz]]
* [[Saint Boniface]] (qiyaastii 673-754 ama 755), wuxuu dhisay 721 unug monastery ah oo ka hooseeya qasriga Amöneburg wuxuuna bilaabay Christianization-ka Upper Hesse laga soo bilaabo Amöneburg.
*Johannes Eisermann, (1486–1558), (ku dhashay Amönenburg), oo loo yaqaan Ferrarius Montanus, aqoonyahan diimeed, [[jurist|sharciyaqaan]] iyo rector-kii ugu horreeyay ee [[University of Marburg|Jaamacadda Marburg]].
* [[Ludwig Schick]] (ku dhashay 1949), hoggaamiyaha kaniisadda caawiya ee [[Fulda]] laga soo bilaabo 1998 ilaa 2002, laga soo bilaabo 2002 Archbishop ee [[Bamberg]], wuxuu ku booqday Amöneburg seminary-ga St. Johann.

== Iskaashiga magaalada ==
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[Château-Garnier]], [[France]], laga soo bilaabo 1974
* {{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Tragwein]], [[Austria]]
* {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Tuoro sul Trasimeno]], [[Italy]], laga soo bilaabo 1987
Sidoo kale waxaa jiray iskaashi &quot;ring&quot; ah oo ka dhexeeya magaalooyinkan laga soo bilaabo 1997.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirka dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Amöneburg}}
* [http://www.amoeneburg.de/ Degelka rasmiga ah]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021113211847/http://www.erziehung.uni-giessen.de/studis/robert/amoeneburg.html St. Boniface iyo Amöneburg]


{{Authority control}}

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    <title>Aplerbeck</title>
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      <text bytes="10773" sha1="0olaol8443cxwpusocf3apxzvd0e72z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place 
| name = Aplerbeck
| type = Borough
| City = Dortmund
| Wappen  = WappenAplerbeck.png
| coordinates  = {{coord|51|29|30|N|07|33|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| Bundesland = 
| Höhe = 150
| Fläche = 24.98
| Einwohner = 55588
| population_as_of   = 2020-12-31
| pop_ref            = &lt;ref name=pop&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/statistik/pdf_statistik/bevoelkerung/02_02_Bevoelkerung_Geschlecht_Staatsangehoerigkeit_Statistische_Bezirke.pdf|title=Bevölkerung nach Geschlecht und Staatsangehörigkeit in den Statistischen Bezirken am 31.12.2020|publisher=Stadt Dortmund|access-date=28 September 2021|archive-date=4 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304054331/https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/statistik/pdf_statistik/bevoelkerung/02_02_Bevoelkerung_Geschlecht_Staatsangehoerigkeit_Statistische_Bezirke.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| PLZ = 44287
| Vorwahl = 0231
| Lageplan = Dortmund Bezirk Aplerbeck simple.svg
| Lageplanbeschreibung = Location within Dortmund
}}

'''Aplerbeck''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːplɐbɛk}}) waa degmo (''[[Stadtbezirk]]'') ka tirsan magaalada [[Dortmund]] ee gobolka [[Ruhr district|Ruhr]] ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Jarmalka. Tan iyo 1929, waxay ahayd xaafad ka tirsan Dortmund, oo ku taal koonfur-bari ee magaalada. Wabiga [[Emscher]], oo ah wabi ay ku dhacaan [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]], ayaa mara Aplerbeck.

Aplerbeck waxaa markii ugu horreysay dukumenti ahaan loogu diiwaangeliyay tuulo ahaan 899. Goobta waxaa lala xiriiriyaa dhimashada laba shahiid oo [[Two Ewalds|labadooduba loo yaqaanay Ewald]] qarnigii 7-aad, sida uu qabo [[Golden Legend]]. Aplerbeck waxay ahayd goob laga sameeyo [[mining|macdanta]] iyo [[heavy industry|warshadaha culus]] oo qayb ka ah Ruhr laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 19-aad ilaa 1926, taasoo keentay in dadku bataan iyo dhismaha hoolka magaalada ee wakiilka ah iyo kaniisad weyn. Isbitaal dhimirka oo muhiim u ah gobolka, oo la aasaasay 1890, ayaa weli shaqeynaya, hadda waa {{Interlanguage link|LWL-Klinik Dortmund|de}}.

== Taariikhda ==
Dukumentigii ugu horreeyay ee xusaya Aplerbeck, markaas ''Afaldrabechi'', waa dukumenti aasaasid (''Stiftungsurkunde'') ee 899, erey ka kooban &quot;tufaax&quot; iyo &quot;qulqulka&quot;. Sida uu qabo [[Golden Legend]], laba wadaad, [[Two Ewalds|Ewalds]], ayaa lagu dilay meel u dhow Aplerbeck qarnigii 7-aad.&lt;ref name=&quot;Liesenberg&quot; /&gt;

Iyadoo warshaduhu ay socdaan, macdanta waxaa laga sameeyay {{Interlanguage link|Zeche Vereinigte Schürbank &amp; Charlottenburg|de}}. 1855, Aplerbeck waxaa ku xiray tareenka [[Cologne-Minden Railway Company]]. {{Interlanguage link|Aplerbecker Hütte|de}} waxaa la aasaasay 1862.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

1890, dawladda gobolka [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] waxay u dooratay Aplerbeck inay noqoto hoyga rugta dhimirka ee cusub si ay ugu adeegto [[Ruhr area|deegaanka Ruhr]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Liesenberg&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LWL&quot; /&gt; Beer hore ayaa la helay, si loogu shaqeeyo bukaanada beerashada. Magaca ''Westfälische Provinzial-Heilanstalt Aplerbeck'' (ka dib gaaban: ''Westfälische Klinik'' iyo ''Heilanstalt'') 1904,&lt;ref name=&quot;LWL&quot; /&gt; waxaa loogu talagalay inay hoy u noqoto 660 bukaan.

Hoolka magaalada ee Aplerbeck, {{Interlanguage link|Amtshaus Aplerbeck|de}}, waxaa dhisay 1906/07 {{Interlanguage link|Wilhelm Stricker|de|Wilhelm Stricker (Baumeister)}}. Aplerbecker Hütte waa la xiray 1925. Aplerbeck waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Dortmund 1 Agoosto 1929.&lt;ref name=&quot;Liesenberg&quot; /&gt;

Intii lagu jiray xukunka [[Nazis|Nasiibka]], muwaadiniinta Yuhuudda waa la masaafuriyay, kaliya 30 ka mid ah 120 ee 1933 ayaa awooday inay u haajiraan. Qiyaastii 340 bukaan oo ka tirsan rugta dhimirka ayaa la jeermis dilay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tenhumberg&quot; /&gt; 1941, 95 bukaan ayaa loo raray Hadamar waana la dilay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transport&quot; /&gt;

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;160px&quot;&gt;
File:AmtshausDortmundAplerbeck.jpg|Hoolka magaalada
File:Altes Amtshaus (old communal town hall and local jail) of Aplerbeck, a suburb of Dortmund, Germany.jpg|Altes Amtshaus (hoolka magaalada iyo xabsiga taariikhiga ah), Abriil 2019
File:Aplerbecker Hütte2.JPG|Aplerbecker Hütte oo ku taal kaarka boostada, {{Circa|1910}}
File:Aplerbeck Grosse Kirche IMGP0446 wp.jpg|''Große Kirche''
File:Verwaltung Westfälische Klinik.JPG|Westfälische Klinik, dhismaha ugu weyn 2007
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Diinta ==
[[St. Georg, Aplerbeck|Georgskirche]] waa [[Romanesque architecture|kaniisad Romanesque]] oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 1147, laakiin waxay u badan tahay inay ku salaysan tahay dhismo ka weyn qarnigii 9-aad. [[Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta]] waxay gaartay Aplerbeck 1570.&lt;ref name=&quot;Liesenberg&quot; /&gt; Iyadoo warshaduhu ay socdaan, kaniisad weyn ayaa loo baahday.&lt;ref name=&quot;Industriekultur&quot; /&gt; [[Große Kirche Aplerbeck]] waxaa lagu dhisay [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival style]] ka dib naqshad uu sameeyay [[Christian Heyden]] laga bilaabo 1867 ilaa 1869.&lt;ref name=&quot;Industriekultur&quot; /&gt; Georgskirche dambe looma isticmaalin oo way sii xumaatay. Waxaa la soo celiyay 1963, haddana waa goobta ugu weyn ee adeegyada Protestant-ka,&lt;ref name=&quot;Georg&quot; /&gt; halka kaniisadda weyn inta badan loo isticmaalo riwaayadaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Industriekultur&quot; /&gt;

Maadaama dad badan oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Poland ay degeen Aplerbeck, waxay u baahdeen kaniisad Katolik ah, taas oo la dhisay ka dib naqshad uu sameeyay {{Interlanguage link|August Carl Lange|de}} waxaana la quduus ka dhigay 21 Diseembar 1880, oo loo magacaabay {{Interlanguage link|St. Ewaldi, Aplerbeck|de|St. Ewaldi (Aplerbeck)|lt=St. Ewaldi}} ka dib markii shahiidada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Damals&quot; /&gt; Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, kaniisaddani waxay u noqotay mid aad u yar kaniisad sii kordheysa. Waxaa lagu beddelay 1971 kaniisad cusub.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Aplerbeck Kirche St Georg.jpg|Georgskirche
File:Titelbild des Kirchenführers Der Zeigefinger Gottes von Siegfried Liesenberg..jpg|''Der Zeigefinger Gottes'' (Farta tilmaanta ee Ilaah)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Shakhsiyaad ==
* [[Wilhelm Canaris]] (1887–1945), Admiral&lt;ref name=&quot;Liesenberg&quot; /&gt;
* [[Paul Graebner]] (1871–1933), dhir-yaqaan{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}
* [[Heinz Eberhard Strüning]] (1896–1986), rinjiile, farshaxan

== Suugaanta ==
* Siegfried Niehaus: ''Aplerbeck''. Heinrich Borgmann, Dortmund 1977.
* Siegfried Niehaus: ''Kleine Geschichte des Amtes Aplerbeck''. Stadtsparkasse Dortmund, 1980.
* Uwe Bitzel: ''Lebensunwert. Die Heilanstalt Aplerbeck und ihre Kranken während des Nationalsozialismus''. Montania, Dortmund 1995, {{ISBN|3-929236-04-4}}.
* Hans Georg Kirchhoff, Siegfried Liesenberg (ed.): ''1100 Jahre Aplerbeck: Festschrift im Auftrag des Vereins für Heimatpflege''. Essen 1998, {{ISBN|3-88474-735-5}}.
* Georg Eggenstein (ed.): ''Aplerbeck. Sechs Profile – Ein Gesicht''. Limosa, Clenze 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-86037-402-3}}.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist|30em
| refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;Liesenberg&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |last        = Liesenberg
 |first       = Siegfried
 |url         = https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtbezirke/stbzportal_aplerbeck/leben_aplerbeck/bezirksportraet_apl/geschichte_apl/index.html
 |title       = Geschichte
 |website     = [[Dortmund]]
 |language    = German
 |accessdate  = 11 January 2017
 |url-status = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160412175211/http://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtbezirke/stbzportal_aplerbeck/leben_aplerbeck/bezirksportraet_apl/geschichte_apl/index.html
 |archivedate = 12 April 2016
 |df          = dmy-all
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Damals&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/?cat=58
 |title       = Katholische Gemeinde
 |website     = aplerbeck-damals.de
 |language    = German
 |accessdate  = 18 January 2017
 |url-status = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170214085601/http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/?cat=58
 |archivedate = 14 February 2017
 |df          = dmy-all
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Georg&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.georgsgemeinde.de/gottesdienst.html
 |title       = Unsere Kirchen
 |website     = georgsgemeinde.de
 |language    = German
 |accessdate  = 16 January 2017
 |url-status = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131213/http://www.georgsgemeinde.de/gottesdienst.html
 |archivedate = 17 January 2018
 |df          = dmy-all
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Industriekultur&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.route-industriekultur.ruhr/themenrouten/26-sakralbauten/grosse-kirche-do-aplerbeck.html
 |title       = Unsere Kirchen
 |website     = route-industriekultur.ruhr
 |language    = German
 |accessdate  = 18 January 2017
 |url-status = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160502044854/http://www.route-industriekultur.ruhr/themenrouten/26-sakralbauten/grosse-kirche-do-aplerbeck.html
 |archivedate = 2 May 2016
 |df          = dmy-all
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;LWL&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.lwl-klinik-dortmund.de/de/wir_ueber_uns/geschichte/Die_ersten_Jahre/
 |title       = Die Ersten Jahre
 |website     = LWL-Klinik
 |language    = German
 |accessdate  = 11 January 2017
 |url-status = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160024/http://www.lwl-klinik-dortmund.de/de/wir_ueber_uns/geschichte/Die_ersten_Jahre/
 |archivedate = 12 January 2018
 |df          = dmy-all
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Tenhumberg&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/05aaff9c310b0fe15/05aaff9c360ff9610/index.html
 |title       = Dortmund-Aplerbeck Marsbruchstraße 179
 |website     = tenhumbergreinhard.de
 |language    = German
 |accessdate  = 16 January 2017
 |url-status = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160721142048/http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/05aaff9c310b0fe15/05aaff9c360ff9610/index.html
 |archivedate = 21 July 2016
 |df          = dmy-all
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Transport&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager-1/1933-1945-lager-d/dortmund-aplerbeck-marsbruchstrae-179.html
 |title       = Transportliste der Deportierten 1941
 |website     = tenhumbergreinhard.de
 |language    = German
 |accessdate  = 16 January 2017
 |url-status = live
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160824035314/http://tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager-1/1933-1945-lager-d/dortmund-aplerbeck-marsbruchstrae-179.html
 |archivedate = 24 August 2016
 |df          = dmy-all
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

== Xiriirka dibadda ==
{{Commons|Dortmund#Aplerbeck}}
* [http://www.aplerbeck.dortmund.de/ Stadtbezirksportal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aplerbeck.dortmund.de/ |date=20070731010737 }} Dortmund
* [http://dortmund.aplerbeck.net/ Berichte über Aplerbeck]
* [http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/ Aplerbecker Geschichte] Taariikhda Aplerbeck

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    <title>Arendsee</title>
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      <text bytes="4923" sha1="r4sqz74yoewikj1r6jdk8d9f5wofdol" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type               = Stadt
|image_photo       = Arendsee Rathaus.jpg
|image_caption     = Town hall
|image_coa            = DE-ST 15-0-81-030 Arendsee COA.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|52.8767|11.4867|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Arendsee (Altmark) in SAW.png
|plantext =
|state        = 
|district         = Altmarkkreis Salzwedel
|elevation              = 25
|area            = 269.68 
|postal_code               = 39619
|area_code           =  039003, 039034, 039036, 039384 
|licence               = SAW, GA, KLZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 81 030
|website           = {{url|http://www.stadt-arendsee.eu/}}
|mayor             = Norman Klebe&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]]. Retrieved 12 June 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2023&amp;ndash;30
|party             = CDU
}}
'''Arendsee''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːʁɛntˌzeː|-|Arendsee.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Altmarkkreis Salzwedel]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxaa loogu magac daray harada [[Arendsee (lake)|Arendsee]], oo ku taal waqooyiga magaalada.

== Juqraafi ==
[[File:Arendsee See.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Arendsee]]
[[File:Arendsee Klosterkirche.jpg|thumb|199px|Monastery church]]
Degmadu waxay ku taal gobolka [[Altmark]] iyo bangiga koonfureed ee harada Arendsee, taas oo ah harada dabiiciga ah ee ugu weyn uguna qoto dheer Saxony-Anhalt.
{{clear-left}}

=== Qaybaha ===

Magaalada Arendsee waxay ka kooban tahay Arendsee lafteeda (oo ay ku jiraan ''Ortsteile'' Genzien iyo Gestien) iyo qaybaha degmada ee soo socda:&lt;ref name=Hauptsatzung&gt;[https://arendsee.info/stadt-arendsee/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/07/2020_05_25_hauptsatzung.pdf Hauptsatzung der Stadt Arendsee (Altmark)], 21 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Binde, Germany|Binde]] (incl. Ritzleben)
*[[Fleetmark]] (incl. Lüge, Molitz, Störpke)
*[[Höwisch]]
*[[Kaulitz]]
*[[Kerkau]] (incl. Lübbars)
*[[Kläden]] (incl. Kraatz)
*[[Kleinau]] (incl. Dessau, Lohne)
*[[Leppin]] (incl. Harpe, Zehren)
*[[Mechau]]
*[[Neulingen, Saxony-Anhalt|Neulingen]]
*[[Rademin]] (incl. Ladekath)
*[[Sanne-Kerkuhn]] (Sanne and Kerkuhn)
*[[Schrampe]] (incl. Zießau)
*[[Thielbeer]] (incl. Zühlen)
*[[Vissum]] (incl. Kassuhn, Schernikau)
*[[Ziemendorf]]
{{div col end}}

== Taariikhda ==

Meelaha iyo harada waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay [[Royal Frankish Annals]] sanadkii 822.

Sanadkii 1184 [[Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg]] wuxuu ka aasaasay [[Benedictine]] [[nunnery|kiniisad]] Arendsee halka kii markaas ahaa [[Bishop of Verden#Catholic Prince-Bishops (1180–1566)|Prince-Bishop of Verden]], [[Tammo of Verden|Tammo]] (d. 1188), uu ku deeqay hanti.

Degmooyinkii hore ee Binde, Höwisch, Kaulitz, Kerkau, Kläden, Kleinau, Leppin, Neulingen, Sanne-Kerkuhn, Schrampe, Thielbeer iyo Ziemendorf ayaa lagu biiriyay Arendsee 1 Janaayo 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01.01. bis 31.12.2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]&lt;/ref&gt; Degmooyinkii hore ee Fleetmark, Mechau, Rademin iyo Vissum ayaa lagu biiriyay Arendsee 1 Janaayo 2011.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2011.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01.01. bis 31.12.2011], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Horumarka dadweynaha ==
{| class=&quot;toptextcells&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;| Sannad
! style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;| Dadka
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|1964 || 10.963
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|1971 || 10.802
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|1981 || 9.401
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|1990 || 8.597
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|2000 || 8.223
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|2010 || 7.381
|-
|}
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border:1pt grey solid&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;| Sannad
! style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;| Dadka
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|2011 || 7.237
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|2012 || 7.176
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|2013 || 7.056
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|2014 || 7.023
|-
|style=&quot;background:#DFEFEF;&quot;|2015 || 6.929
|-
|}
|}
&lt;small&gt;Natiijooyinka tirakoobka 1964–1981, laga bilaabo 2011: [[2011 European Union census]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistik.sachsen-anhalt.de/bevoelkerung/bewegungen/index.html |title=Statistical office Saxony-Anhalt: Bevölkerungsbewegungen (Gemeinden anklicken) |access-date=2016-12-08 |archive-date=2016-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807110427/http://www.statistik.sachsen-anhalt.de/bevoelkerung/bewegungen/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Arendsee (Altmark)}}


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|type                = Ortsgemeinde
|image_photo        = 
|image_coa             = DEU Arenrath COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|49|57|17|N|06|44|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Arenrath in WIL.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Bernkastel-Wittlich
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Wittlich-Land
|elevation               = 265 
|area             = 6.77
|postal_code                = 54518
|area_code            = 06575
|licence                = WIL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 31 003
|website           = [http://www.arenrath.eu/ www.arenrath.eu]
|mayor             = Ludwig Schmitz&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}
'''Arenrath''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka la isku daray – oo ku taal [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Eifel]] qiyaastii 13 km galbeed ka xigta xarunta degmada Wittlich, oo u dhexeysa [[Bruch, Rhineland-Palatinate|Bruch]] iyo [[Binsfeld]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Wittlich-Land|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wittlich-Land]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Wittlich]], inkasta oo magaaladaas lafteedu aysan ku jirin ''Verbandsgemeinde''.

=== Cilmiga dhulka ===
Arenrath waxay caan ku tahay dhagaxyada Moselle agate ee ka yimaada [[Quarry|godadka]] quruuruxa ee maxalliga ah.

== Taariikhda ==
Xilligii [[Middle Ages|Dhexe]], Arenrath, oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti sida ''Arendroch'' sanadkii 1156, waxay samaysatay dhulkeeda gaarka ah ee sayidka gudaha [[Electorate of Trier]].

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye sharaf leh.&lt;ref&gt;[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2310800300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Duqa magaalada ===
Duqa magaalada (''Ortsbürgermeister'') waa Ludwig Schmitz.

=== Astaanta degmada ===
Sharaxaadda Jarmalka ee astaantu waa: ''Wappen von rechtem silbernem Stufenbalken geteilt, oben in Grün links 3 goldene Ähren, unten in Rot ein silberner Ärmel mit silberner Hand, die eine goldene Schale hält.''

[[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa luuqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriisiga sidan: A demibar in sinister and another in dexter enhanced, the two joined between the honour and fess points with a pallet couped at these points, all argent, in chief vert, sinister three ears of wheat Or conjoined at the stems, in base gules an arm couped below the shoulder, vested and embowed, the hand to dexter, all of the first, the hand holding a bowl of the third.

Qaybta lacagta ah ee [[escutcheon (heraldry)|gaashaan-xidhka]] (oo lagu sharraxay sharaxaadda Jarmalka sida ''Stufenbalken'', oo u muuqda inuusan lahayn wax u dhigma luuqadda heraldic ee Ingiriisiga) iyo koobka tuuganimada ayaa la sheegay inay yihiin tixraacyo ku saabsan aabbaha quduuska ah ee kaniisadda maxalliga ah, [[Alexius of Rome|Alexius]], oo lagu matalo halyeeyga sida tuug ka hooseeya jaranjaro. Dhegaha sarreenku waxay u taagan yihiin beeraha iyo [[tincture (heraldry)|midabka]] berrin-bannaanka ee cagaaran (vert) waa tixraac magaca degmada, Arenrath, kaas oo laftiisu tixraacayo “Arend’s clearing”. Cagaarku wuxuu u taagan yahay kaymo iyo beeraha halka isku-darka cas-lacagta (gules-argent) uu yahay tixraac ku saabsan daacadnimadii hore ee tuulada u haysay [[Electorate of Trier]].

Arenrath waxaa la siiyay xaq u lahaanshaha astaanteeda sanadkii 1982.

== Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska ==
Waxaa jira taallo dabiici ah oo lagu magacaabo ''[[Teufelsstein (Haardt)|Teufelsstein]]'' (&quot;Dhagaxa Shaydaanka&quot;), oo ah dhagax [[sandstone]] ah oo ku yaal meel u dhow xadka degmada ee u dhexeeya Bruch iyo Arenrath.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.arenrath.eu/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2353716/1eorvhs/index.html Sawir kooban oo Arenrath ah oo leh film] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2353716/1eorvhs/index.html |date=20160304002942 }} oo ku yaal [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}}


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    <title>Aresing</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Aresing COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|32|N|11|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aresing in ND.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberbayern
|district         = Neuburg-Schrobenhausen
|elevation              = 426
|area            = 29.89
|postal_code               = 86561
|area_code           = 08252
|licence               = ND
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 85 113
|website           = [http://www.aresing.de www.aresing.de]
|mayor             = Klaus Angermeier&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
}}

'''Aresing''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}


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    <title>Arft</title>
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|image_photo       = Arft3.jpg
|image_coa            = DEU Arft COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|23|04|N|7|5|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Arft in MYK.PNG
|state        = 
|district         = Mayen-Koblenz
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Vordereifel
|elevation              = 550
|area            = 5.83
|postal_code               = 56729
|area_code           = 02655
|licence               = MYK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 006
|mayor             = Lothar Waldorf&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}

'''Arft''' ({{IPA|de|aʁft}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Mayen-Koblenz|degmada Mayen-Koblenz]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Argenthal</title>
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| image_photo       =
| image_coa         = DEU Argenthal COA.svg
| coordinates       = {{coord|49|58|32|N|7|35|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_plan        = Argenthal in SIM.svg
| state             = 
| district          = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
| Verbandsgemeinde  = Simmern-Rheinböllen
| elevation         = 458
| area              = 28.52
| postal_code       = 55496
| area_code         = 06761
| licence           = SIM
| Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 003
| website           = {{URL|http://www.argenthal.de/}}
| mayor             = Hans-Werner Merg&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Argenthal''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka la isku daray – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Simmern]].
{{stack|[[File:Argenthal01.jpg|thumb|upright|Town hall in the village centre]]}}

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Argenthal waxay ku taal cirifka waqooyi-galbeed ee Soonwald, oo ah qayb kayn badan oo ka mid ah galbeedka-dhexe ee [[Hunsrück]], kaas oo gaaraya dherer dhan 657 m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]] waana qayb ka mid ah [[Rhenish Massif]]. Xarumaha waaweyn ee degaanka u dhow waa [[Simmern]] dhinaca galbeed iyo [[Rheinböllen]] dhinaca bari.

Muuqaalka ugu sarreeya ee Argenthal waa Schanzerkopf oo jooggiisu yahay 643 m oo ka sarreeya heerka badda. Sidoo kale gudaha xadka degmada waxaa ku yaal Waldsee, oo ah balli dabaasha oo ka dhashay macdan qoditaan duug ah oo la xiray 1935.

Argenthal waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha waaweyn ee [[Hunsrück]] oo ay dad yar oo keliya weli ka shaqeeyaan dhulka. Inta badan dadka degmada waxay nolol maalmeedkooda ka kasbadaan sidii [[Blue-collar worker|shaqaale buluug]] ama [[white-collar worker|shaqaale cad]], saraakiil, farsamayaqaanno, ganacsatada iyo askar.

=== Baaxadda degmada ===
Iyada oo leh bedka guud oo dhan 28.52 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, kaas oo 19.85 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; uu yahay kayn (Soonwald), aagga degmada Argenthal waa, ka dib [[Boppard]], kii labaad ee ugu weyn degmada.&lt;ref&gt;Source: ''Statistisches Landesamt'', as at 31 December 2007&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
Sannadkii 1091, degmadu waxay markii ugu horreysay lahayd xusin dukumiinti sida ''Argantal''. Sayidka ayaa ahaa [[List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine|Count Palatine of the Rhine]]. Laga bilaabo 1794, Argenthal waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sannadkii 1815 waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Tan iyo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].

=== Horumarka dadweynaha ===
Jadwalka soo socda wuxuu muujinayaa horumarka dadka Argenthal (tirakoobka 31 Diseembar mar kasta): 
{{historical populations|width=12em|align=none|cols=4
| 1815 | 730
| 1835 | 880
| 1871 | 792
| 1905 | 851
| 1939 | 849
| 1950 | 1,023
| 1961 | 1,091
| 1965 | 1,238
| 1970 | 1,394
| 1975 | 1,444
| 1980 | 1,436
| 1985 | 1,432
| 1987 | 1,479
| 1990 | 1,526
| 1995 | 1,557
| 2000 | 1,578
| 2005 | 1,660
| 2009 | 1,627
| 2021 | 1,661
| source = ''Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz''
}}

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 xubnood, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye sharaf leh.

Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinkan soo socda:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|-
! !! [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || WG || Wadarta
|- 
| 2009 || 7 || 9 || 16 kursi
|}

=== Duqa magaalada ===
Duqa magaalada Argenthal waa Hans-Werner Merg.&lt;ref name=mayor/&gt;

=== Astaanta degmada ===
Sharaxaadda Jarmalka ee astaantu waa: ''Im schräggeteilten Schild vorne von Blau und Silber schräg gerautet, hinten ein rot bewehrter und -gezungter Löwe nach rechts.''

[[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa luuqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriisiga sidan: Per bend bendy lozengy argent and azure, and sable a lion rampant sinister Or armed and langued gules.

Qaabka “bendy lozengy” ee dhinaca dexter (midigta qofka sita, bidixda daawadaha) wuxuu u taagan yahay Duke-ga Bavaria, oo ahaa sayid hore, halka [[charge (heraldry)|astaanta]] dhinaca sinister (bidixda qofka sita, midigta daawadaha), libaaxa rampant sinister (oo loo yaqaan “sinister” sababtoo ah wuxuu wajahayaa bidixda qofka sita) sidoo kale wuxuu tixraacayaa sayid hore, kiiskan Count Palatine of the Rhine.

Astaanta waxaa la sitay tan iyo 9 Diseembar 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.argenthal.de/Gemeinde.htm |title=Description and explanation of Argenthal’s arms |access-date=2010-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska ==

=== Dhismayaasha ===
[[File:Argenthal02.jpg|thumb|Turmgasse 6: Evangelical church]]
Kuwan soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ku yaal Buugga Goobaha Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]:
* [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] church, Turmgasse 6 – [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn waddooyin dhinacyada ah]], 1770, munaaradda galbeed iyo ballaarinta calaamadeysan 1852; qabuuraha; xusuusta dagaalyahannada, tiir [[sandstone|sandstone]] leh gargaar, astaanta Palatine-Bavarian; dhismaha oo dhan
* [[John the Baptist|Saint John the Baptist's]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church (kaniisad laan; ''Filialkirche St. St. Johannes Baptist''), Aulergasse 1 – kaniisad aan lahayn waddooyin dhinacyada ah, 1826, ku-darka sacristy laga soo bilaabo qeybtii dambe ee qarnigii 19-aad, ballaarinta 1949
* On ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 50 oo u socota dhinaca Simmern – dhagax-milay; [[basalt]] obelisk Prussian, saddex meelood meel hore oo qarnigii 19-aad&lt;ref&gt;[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isboortiga iyo madadaalada ===
Xagaaga, degmadu iyo aaggeeda dibadda waxay bixisaa [[hiking|socod]] iyo [[cycling|baaskiil wadid]] Soonwald ballaaran iyo [[Human swimming|dabaasha]] iyo madadaalo Waldsee. Jiilaalka, Schanzerkopf oo leh jiirada sledding waa goob loo socdo oo caan ah, gaar ahaan qoysaska carruurta leh.

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==
Kaabayaasha maxalliga ah ee si wanaagsan loo horumariyay iyo masaafo gaaban oo loo maro xarunta degmada ee Simmern iyo [[Frankfurt-Hahn Airport]], kaas oo hadda ku raaxaysanaya kor u kac, waxay door bidaan degmada sidii meel nololeed, sidaas oo kale xiriirka ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 50 iyo [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 61|A 61]] oo horseeda caasimadda gobolka, [[Mainz]], iyo [[Frankfurt Rhine Main Region]]. Sannadkii 1996, ''Bundesstraße'' 50 waa la ballaariyay sidoo kale dib ayaa loo habeeyay si aysan hadda u marin tuulada, laakiin ay u dhaafto sidii waddo afar-dariiq ah.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Argenthal}}
*[http://www.argenthal.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}}

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    <title>Arholzen</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Arholzen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|52|04|N|09|34|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Arholzen in HOL.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Holzminden
|Samtgemeinde      = Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf 
|elevation              = 229
|area            = 5.33
|postal_code               = 37627
|area_code           = 05532
|licence               = HOL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 55 001
|website           = [http://www.stadtoldendorf.de/ www.stadtoldendorf.de]
|mayor     = Karl Dehne
|party            = SPD
}}

'''Arholzen''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Holzminden (district)|degmada Holzminden]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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|coordinates       = {{coord|54|09|33|N|09|14|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Arkebek in HEI.PNG
|state        = 
|district             = Dithmarschen
|Amt               = Mitteldithmarschen
|elevation              = 47
|area            = 6.92
|postal_code               = 25767
|area_code           = 04835
|licence               = HEI
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 002
|divisions        = 3
|website           = [https://www.arkebek.de/ www.arkebek.de]
|mayor     = Martin-Heinrich Dallmeier-Tießen
}}

'''Arkebek''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁkəbeːk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Albersdorf (Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde)]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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    <title>Arlewatt</title>
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|name              = Arlewatt&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Arlevad&lt;/small&gt;
|image_photo       =
|image_coa            = DEU Arlewatt COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|54|31|N|9|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Arlewatt in NF.PNG
|state        = 
|district             = Nordfriesland
|Amt               = Nordsee-Treene
|elevation              = 11
|area            = 5.68
|postal_code               = 25860
|area_code           = 04846
|licence               = NF
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 54 007
|website           = [http://www.amt-hattstedt.de/ www.amt-&lt;br /&gt;hattstedt.de]
|mayor     = Silke Clausen
|party            =
}}

'''Arlewatt''' ({{langx|da|Arlevad}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Nordfriesland]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]].


== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Armsheim</title>
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      <text bytes="17990" sha1="j9vfrsr26fuzihnlz5l0k0cgar9pt11" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|image_photo = Armsheim, Bahnhofstraße.jpg
|image_caption = village center
|image_coa            = Armsheim.jpeg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|48|28|N|8|3|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Armsheim in AZ.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Alzey-Worms
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Wörrstadt
|elevation              = 142
|area            = 10.05
|postal_code               = 55288
|area_code           = 06734
|licence           = AZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 31 004
|website           = [https://www.armsheim.de/ www.armsheim.de]
|mayor             = Arno Krätschmann&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Alzey-Worms], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}
'''Armsheim''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka la isku daray – oo ku taal degmada [[Alzey-Worms]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Armsheim waxay ku taal [[Rhenish-Hessian Hills]], waxay leedahay qiyaastii 2,650 oo qof waana degmada saddexaad ee ugu weyn [[Wörrstadt (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wörrstadt]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Wörrstadt|degmada isku magaca ah]]. Armsheim-ka hadda wuxuu ka samaysmay laba xarumood oo hore u ahaan jiray kuwo madaxbannaan 1969-kii, kuwaas oo la kala oran jiray Armsheim iyo Schimsheim.

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Armsheim waxay ku taal bartamaha [[Rhenish Hesse]], qiyaastii 14 km u jirta [[Alzey]], 18 km u jirta [[Bad Kreuznach]], 25 km u jirta [[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]] iyo qiyaastii 30 km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Mainz]].

== Taariikhda ==

=== Kahor xilligii Masiixiyadda ===
Muddo 40,000 oo sano ah waxaa dad ku noolaa daadka Wiesbach, 1,500 sano oo kalena, tuulooyinka Armsheim iyo Schimsheim ayaa halkan ku yaallay. Dhulka furan ee halkan, oo ay qulqulaan durdurro, waxay u fidiyeen ugaarsato-ururiye [[Old Stone Age|xilligii dhagaxa hore]] xaalado nololeed oo ku habboon. Laga soo bilaabo [[New Stone Age|xilligii dhagaxa cusub]] (ka dib 4000 BC), dhulka si joogto ah ayaa loo degay. Beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha ayaa saldhig u ahaa nolosha dadka degaanka. Waxyaabo badan oo Neolithic, [[Bronze Age|xilligii naxaasta]] iyo [[Iron Age|xilligii birta]] (gaar ahaan [[La Tène culture|xilligii La Tène]]) ayaa muujinaya degitaan culus. Mid ka mid ah xarumaha dadkan waxaa sameeyay dhulal hadda ka kooban aagga horumarinta cusub. Markhaatiyada dusha sare ee xilligan hore waa [[menhir]]s, kuwaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid ka mid ah uu weli taagan yahay meel u dhow goobtiisii asalka ahayd.

Qarnigii 5aad ee BC, kursi amiir [[Celts|Celtic]] ah ayaa laga helay meesha hadda ah aagga degmada. Qabri qayb ka ahaa dhismaha ayaa la furay intii lagu jiray dhismaha [[railway|tareenka]]. Farshaxanno qaali ah oo laga soo saaray qabriga waxaa ka mid ahaa qaybo ka mid ah gaari iyo suxuun naxaas [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]], kuwaas oo muujinaya wax ku saabsan awoodda iyo hantida amiirradan. Maamulkooda waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ku jiray magaaladii Celtic ee Wißberg (buur u dhow). Xilligii Celtic wuxuu dhammaaday qiyaastii waqtigii bilowgii xilligii Masiixiga, markii xukunka [[Ancient Rome|Roomaanku]] bilaabmay.

=== Boqortooyadii Roomaanka ===
Afarta boqol ee sano oo ay Roomaanku haysteen, dhulka waxaa ka shaqayn jiray [[Villa rustica|beeraha ay dawladdu leedahay]]. Halkii ay beerahani ku yaalleen waxaa lagu go'aamin karaa [[Archaeology|helitaannada qadiimiga ah]] iyo magacyada goobaha, gaar ahaan kuwa ay ku jiraan ''Weiler'' (af [[German language|Jarmal Casri ah]], tani waxay la macno tahay “[[hamlet (place)|tuulo yar]]”, laakiin waxay ka timid [[Latin|Laatiinka]] ''villa'', sida ''[[villa rustica]]'', oo ahaa ereyga Laatiinka ee mid ka mid ah beerahan). Meel quduus ah oo lagu maamuusayo [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]] ayaa taagnaa meel u dhow halkii ay hadda kaniisadda Armsheim ka taagan tahay, iyo galbeedka aagga degmadana meel quduus ah oo lagu maamuusayo [[Diana (mythology)|Diana]]. Suntflur, oo ah aag miyi ah, aagga villa duug ah, oo ay calaamadeeyeen dhagaxyo xuduudeed, ayaa loo dhowray ilaa qarnigii 20-aad.

Beeraha Roomaanka waxaa la dayacay dhamaadkii qarnigii 4aad ka dib markii qabaa'ilka [[Germanic peoples|Jarmalka]] ay bilaabeen inay u soo gudbaan [[Rhine]] oo ciidankii Roomaankuna ay ka baxeen.

=== Xilligii Frankish ===
Taariikhda dhabta ah ee Armsheim iyo Schimsheim waxay bilaabatay markii [[Franks|Frank-ka]] ay la wareegeen dhulka qiyaastii 500. Tuulooyinku waxay ka koobnaayeen kooxo beero ah oo ku wareegsan dhul dhexe oo leh kaniisad iyo qabuuraha, kuwaas oo milkiilayaashooda lagu magacaabay labada xarun. Beero kale ayaa laga heli karaa dibadda. Qarniyadii 12-aad iyo 13-aad ee qasabka ahaa, waa la dayacay, taasoo keentay in weli la dareemi karo ururinta tuulooyinka, kuwaas oo ay difaaceen geedo iyo godad.

Koorsada ay raaceen waddooyinka iyo horumarinta dhismaha waxay bixiyaan tilmaamo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan soo bixitaanka iyo horumarinta labada tuulo.

Xarunta Schimsheim waxaa hadda sameeyay labajibbaaran yar, kaas oo ay sameeyeen waddooyinka halkaas ku kulma. Waxa kale oo mar halkaas ka taagnaa geedka tuulada iyo maxkamadda, Schimsheim Elm oo halyeey ah. [[Tilia|Geedka liin dhanaanta]] ee hadda ka koraya halkan waxaa lagu beeray godka ay ka tageen elm ka dib markii uu dhintay. Asal ahaan, tani waxay ahayd duleedka tuulada; ceelkii hore weli waa la dhowray in yar oo koonfur ah. ''Kirchgasse'' (marinka kaniisadda) ee ku dhow ayaa muujinaya meeshii ay ku taallay kaniisaddii Saint Martin ka hor inta aan la burburin [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]].

Qaab-dhismeedka degitaanka Armsheim wuxuu muujinayaa aasaaska dhaqaale ee tuulada lagu dhisay, iyo sidoo kale waxa ay ahaayeen xoogagga wadista horumarkeeda. Si ka duwan horumarka aamusan ee Schimsheim, halkan waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay kor u kac degdeg ah oo horseeday ubax gaaban, oo ay ku xigtay hoos u dhac la mid ah oo degdeg ah.

Laba xarumood oo degitaan ah ayaa lagu kala saari karaa, mid ku taal waqooyiga waddada dhexe oo leh ''Freier Platz'' (“Fagaaraha Xorta ah”), iyo mid koonfurta oo ku taal ''Mühlstraße'' (“Waddada Shiidka”). Wax badan ayaa soo jeedinaya in tani ay ahayd degitaan la qorsheeyay, gaar ahaan qaab-dhismeedka dhow ee ''Rosenplatz'' (“Fagaaraha Rose”), kaas oo xasuusinaya suuqa magaalada.

Iyaga oo u taagan xoogagga wadista waxay ahaayeen Kaniisadda Saint Remigius (''St. Remigius-Kirche'') iyo qalcaddii sayidyadii maxalliga ah, [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]]. Reliquary dhiigga kaniisadda wuxuu noqday yoolka [[pilgrimage|xajka]] kaas oo soo jiitay dadka cibaadaysanaya meel ka baxsan gobolka, iyo sidoo kale sababta dhismaha Kaniisadda xajka “Dhiigga Quduuska ah” (1431), kaas oo lagu tiriyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan [[Gothic architecture|dhismayaasha Gothic]] ee [[Rhine Gorge]]. Kursiga Counts wuxuu ahaa xarunta hantidooda ee aaggan. Tuulada waxaa la siiyay xuquuqda magaalada ugu dambayn 1349 waxaana lagu xoojiyay darbiyo iyo munaarado. Armsheim waxaa la sheegay inay ahayd magaalada ugu fiican ee la xoojiyay ee Nahegau. Qaybo ka mid ah gidaarkii hore ayaa la dhowray inta u dhaxaysa kaniisadda iyo Neugasse (marinka), sida ay yihiin ''Bielgraben'' (dyke) iyo marinnada dhulka hoostiisa ah. Saddex guri oo waardiyayaasha iridda ah ayaa aasaasaya ballaarinta degitaanka muddo dheer.

Cabbirka iyo quruxda kaniisadda Gothic waxay muujinayaan wax intaas ka sii badan oo ku saabsan muhiimadda Armsheim oo ah meel xaj iyo magaalo Veldenz ah. Markii qoyska Veldenz ay dhinteen oo [[Protestant Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]] la soo bandhigay, horumarkani wuu dhammaaday: Magaaladu waxay u gudubtay [[Electoral Palatinate]] 1471, darbiyadii iyo munaaradihii waa la dumiyay, magaaladii waa laga qaaday xuquuqdii magaalada, waxaana loo xilsaaray ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' ee Alzey. Dib-u-habayntu waxay keentay burburinta gudaha kaniisadda iyo dhammaadka xajka. Raadadka burburka ayaa lagu arki karaa dhagaxa qabriga ee Aabbaha Odenkemmer ee chancel-ka kaniisadda iyo tirada jabay ee quduuska ah, kaas oo lagu derbigay hanti ku taal waddada weyn.

Fagaaraha yar, oo mar ka taagnaa foornada wadaagga ah, waxaa loo tixgelin karaa inuu yahay xarunta tuulada Armsheim. Meel fog kama fogayn [[pranger]], ka dibna [[Weighing scale|miisaanka]] wadaagga ah. Meel fog kama kor taagna hoolka magaalada duugga ah, kaas oo laga soo saaray heerka cabbirka, birta [[ell]]wand, kaas oo hadda lagu xiray vestibule-ka [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] kaniisadda. Sidoo kale, hudheelka ugu weyn tuulada kama fogayn.

Tuulada dibaddeeda, waddada loo maro Schimsheim, waxaa ku yaallay cisbitaalkii bukaannada leprosy, ''Gutleuthaus'', waddada loo marona Alzey waxaa ku yaallay guriga hangman-ka. Magaca ''Galgenberg'' (“Buurta Gallows”) ee koonfurta [[railway station|steshanka tareenka]] wuxuu tixraacayaa goobta fulinta ee hore.

Armsheim kaliya kuma lumin muhiimaddeeda sidii kursi maamul iyo xarun xaj, laakiin sidoo kale ma jirin ganacsi ama ganacsi kale. Waxa maqan waxay ahayd xiriirka shabakadda waddooyinka masaafada dheer. Waddada ka timaadda Worms ee loo maro Bingen, ''Hohe Straße'' (“Waddada Sare”), waxay ku hoggaamisay Flonheim, galbeedka tuulada, iyadoo gebi ahaanba seegtay, halka ''Alte Straße'' (“Waddada Duugga ah”) ee ka timaadda Alzey ee loo maro Ingelheim ay ku orday xagga bari, xoogaa iyada oo raacaysa safka tareenka ee hadda jira. Intaa waxaa dheer, taariikhda maxalliga ah ee qarniyadii 17-aad iyo 18-aad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay burburin iyo boob soo noqnoqday. Wax yar ayaa hadhay ka dib [[Nine Years' War|Dagaalkii Sagaal Sano]] iyo burburka ka dhashay Palatinate ee ciidammada Boqor [[Louis XIV]]. Mid ka mid ah ballaarinta nidaamsan ee ugu horreysay ee tuulada ayaa timid qarnigii 18-aad ee godka la buuxiyay (''Neugasse'' – “Marinka Cusub”), laakiin ma ahayn ilaa qarnigii 19-aad ee hore in waddadani ay gaartay waddada weyn.

=== Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 19-aad iyo wixii ka dambeeyay ===
Xilli cusub oo horumarka tuulada ayaa bilaabmay ballaarinta shabakadda waddooyinka Rhenish-Hessian ee 1830-meeyadii iyo dhismaha khadka [[railway|tareenka]] Bingen-Worms (''Rheinhessenbahn'') 1870, khadka Mainz-Alzey (1871) iyo khadka Armsheim-Wendelsheim (1871–1895). Degitaankii ka soo baxay ka dib 1870 ee [[railway station|steshanka tareenka]] wuxuu ku salaysnaa ganacsiga khamriga, dhuxusha iyo xoolaha iyo sidoo kale [[Cooper (profession)|cooperage]]. Horumarinta dhismaha ee ka soo baxay ''Bahnhofstraße'' (“Waddada Steshanka Tareenka”, oo hore loogu yaqaanay ''Sauweg'' – “Waddada Doofaarka”) waxay ka tarjumaysaa muhiimadda tareenka ee tuulada in ka badan boqol sano. Ballaarinta kale ee tuulada ayaa timid qaab horumarin magaalo-cusub ah, oo la bilaabay 1983, taas oo mideysay labada tuulo, kuwaas oo siyaasad ahaan ahaa mid tan iyo 1969.

Wajiyada taariikhda maxalliga ah laga bilaabo qarnigii 16-aad wixii ka dambeeyay si fudud ayaa looga soo ururin karaa horumarinta qaababka guriga iyo homestead. Homesteads-ka Frankish-ka caadiga ah waxay ka hadlayaan nolol beerasho, qayb ahaan oo lagu daray farshaxan. Ka dib 1870 guryaha waxay muujinayaan dhismayaashooda sida dadka cusub ee magaalada, kuwaas oo inta badan ka yimid miyiga, ay u raadinayeen nolol shaqaale kiraysan iyo dhinacyada beeraha (gaar ahaan aagga steshanka tareenka). Guryaha ka yimid wajiga saddexaad ma muujinayaan qaab gobolleed oo waxaa loogu talagalay nolol magaalada, iyagoon wax tilmaam ah ka bixin nolosha waddanka, taariikhda maxalliga ah ama beeraha, taasoo keenaysa taariikhda maxalliga ah waji adag.

Degmada maanta waxay timid 7 Juun 1969 iyada oo loo marayo midaynta labada xarun ee Armsheim iyo Schimsheim.

== Wiilal iyo gabdho ka tirsan magaalada ==
[[File:Disputation.jpg|thumb|Christian and Jewish scholars in a dispute (woodcut 1483); Johannes Schnitzer]]
*Johannes Schnitzer oo ka socda Armsheim, khariidad-sameeyaha [[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]] ee [[Ptolemy]]

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20 xubnood, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye sharaf leh. Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinkan soo socda:&lt;ref&gt;[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3310600400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]&lt;/ref&gt;
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;550&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
| || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || FL e.V. || W.A.S || Pro Armsheim || '''Wadarta'''
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| 2009 || 7 || 8 || 3 || 2 || 20 kursi
|}

=== Duqa magaalada ===
* Larius Frensrep qiyaastii 1618
* Philipus Maul qiyaastii 1618
* Christoph Wallrab Jan. 1791 - 1797
* Johannes Schöfer qiyaastii 1796
* Ernst Wallrab 1801 - 1808
* Philipp Hausmann 1808 - 1818
* Ludwig Bayer ee Armsheim, Schimsheim iyo Eichloch 1818 - 1822
* Johann Gerlach Jan. 1822 - 1837
* Ludwig Göttelmann 1837 - 1843
* Friedrich Krug 1843 - 1856
* Jakob Zimlich Jan. 1856 - 1875
* Johann Gerlach Mar. 1875 - 1889
* Peter Eibach Apr. 1890 - 1911
* Philipp Feldmann Jul. 1911 - 1933
* Johann Weintz 1933 - 1945
* Georg Link 1945 - 1946
* Ernst Feldmann 1946 - 1948
* Robert Heinrich Eichberger 1948 - 1952, wiilka gabayaa iyo sculptor-kii caanka ahaa ee Mainz Theodor Eichberger.
* Karl Feldmann Jan. 1952 - 1964
* Wilhelm Corell 1964 - 1984
* Lothar Müller 1984 - 1994
* Herbert Feldmann 1994 - 1999
* Udo Nehrbaß-Ahles - SPD (1999–2005)
* Peter Starck - DFL (2005–2014)
* Axel Spieckermann - SPD (2014–2019)
* Arno Krätschmann (tan iyo 2019)

=== Iskaashiga magaalada ===
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Fléville-devant-Nancy]], [[Meurthe-et-Moselle]], [[France]] tan iyo 1988

Fléville-devant-Nancy waxay leedahay qiyaastii 2,900 oo qof, magaceeduna soo jeediyay, waxay ku taal meel u dhow [[Nancy, France|Nancy]].

=== Astaanta degmada ===
[[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per fess sable a demi-lion rampant Or armed, langued and crowned gules, and argent a dexter arm naked embowed lopped of the third.

[[charge (heraldry)|Astaanta]] sare waa Palatine Lion. Astaanta hoose waa [[Canting arms|canting]], taas oo soo jeedinaysa magaca degmada (“Arm” wuxuu la macno yahay isku mid af [[German language|Jarmal]] ah sida [[English language|Ingiriisi]] ah). Shaabadihii magaalada ugu da'da weyn waxay ka soo jeedaan horraantii qarnigii 15-aad oo mar horeba waxay muujinayaan labadan astaamood. Waqti ka mid ah, gacantu waxay haysatay [[bunch of grapes|farabadan canab ah]], taasoo astaan u ah [[winegrowing|beerista khamriga]], laakiin tani waa la tuuray qarnigii 19-aad.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/a/armsheim.htm Description and explanation of Armsheim’s arms]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==

=== Gaadiidka ===
Iyada oo leh [[railway station|steshanka tareenka]], Armsheim waxay ka dhigan tahay xarun muhiim ah oo ku taal [[Rhenish Hesse]]. Waxaa halkan ka gudbaya labada khad ee tareenka: [[Alzey–Mainz railway]] iyo [[Rheinhessen Railway]] (''Rheinhessenbahn'') oo ka yimid [[Bingen (Rhein) Stadt station|Bingen am Rhein]] ee loo maro [[Worms Central Station|Worms]]. Hore waxaa u jiray sidoo kale khad ka soo baxay ''Wiesbachtalbahn'' ee loo maro [[Wendelsheim]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Flonheim]], taas oo aragtay dhammaadka rakaabkeeda 1966. Dhammaadka usbuuca iyo ciidaha, waxaa suurtogal ah in loo safrido ''Elsass-Express'' (“Alsace Express”) ee loo maro [[Wissembourg]].

== Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska ==

=== Dhismayaasha ===
*''Kirche “Zum Heiligen Blut”'' (Kaniisadda “Dhiigga Quduuska ah”). Kaniisadda [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] waa mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha tuulada [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] ee ugu quruxda badan Rhenish Hesse. Kaniisadda weli waxaa loo yaqaan ''Zum Heiligen Blut Christi'' (“Dhiigga Quduuska ah ee Masiixa”) xitaa maanta. Waxaa la dhisay 1431 “caabudidda dhiigga yaabka leh ee Masiixa”.

Xitaa maanta waxaa loo yaqaan “Kaniisadda tuulada ugu quruxda badan Rhenish Hesse”. Jawharad gaar ah waa [[organ (music)|xusuusta xubinta]], kaas oo si gaar ah u mudan in la ilaaliyo, oo uu dhisay dhisaha xubinta caanka ah Johann Michael Stumm 1739.

Sannad kasta, xubnaha aadka u fiican waxay ku qabtaan taxanaha riwaayadda ''Armsheimer Orgelsommer'' (“xagaaga xubinta”).

Inta lagu jiro hakadka, concertgoers waxaa lagu daaweeyaa ''Orgeltropfen'' (“dhibicda xubinta”), dhalada sanadlaha ah ee khamriga Armsheim, ee beerta kaniisadda xagaaga.

Soojiidasho gaar ah oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay dadka jecel farshaxanka ee gobolka oo dhan waa mashruuca ''Kunst und Kirche'' (“Farshaxanka iyo Kaniisadda”). Sannad kasta, waxaa jira ugu yaraan hal bandhig oo ah abuurista farshaxanka diimeed ee casriga ah ee kaniisadda xajka ee duugga ah. 2001, farshaxan wada jir ah ayaa la sameeyay: ''Dietrich Bonhoeffer - Versuch einer Annäherung'' (“[[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]] – Isku dayga Is-waafajinta”), iyadoo la isticmaalayo sawirro, ereyo iyo muusig. Iyadoo hoggaanka Professor Guido Ludes ee Mainz, farshaxanada hal-abuurka leh ee kala duwan waxay isku arkeen inay wada shaqeynayaan mashruucan iskaashiga ah. Aqoonsi gaar ah waxaa lagu siiyay iyada oo loo marayo iskaashiga ''Ministerpräsident'' Kurt Beck.

*''St. Remigius-Kirche'' (Kaniisadda Saint Remigius)
*Schloss Veldenz (Qalcadda Veldenz)

== Trivia ==
* Taekwondo und Allkampf Club Armsheim e.V. ([[Taekwondo]] iyo farshaxanka dagaalka isku dhafan)
* TSV Armsheim-Schimsheim 1886 e.V. (kooxda jimicsiga iyo isboortiga)

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[https://www.armsheim.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}}
*[https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/region/orte/orte-a/armsheim.html Taariikhda Armsheim] {{in lang|de}}

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  <page>
    <title>Armstedt</title>
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|coordinates       = {{coord|53|58|N|9|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Armstedt in SE.svg
|state        = 
|district             = Segeberg
|Amt               = Bad Bramstedt-Land
|elevation              = 22
|area            = 8.92
|postal_code               = 24616
|area_code           = 04324
|licence               = SE
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 003
|website           = http://www.armstedt.de/
|mayor     =  	Maren Horstmann
|party            =
}}

'''Armstedt''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
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      <text bytes="1836" sha1="jw272tyhpyymo5q5s5wz55v6l6g621b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Armstorf COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|35|57|N|09|04|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_photo       = Lausitz Luftsport- &amp; Techniktage 2013-Hinflug by-RaBoe 0047.jpg
|image_caption     = Aerial view in 2013
|image_plan = Armstorf in CUX.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Cuxhaven
|Samtgemeinde      = Börde Lamstedt
|elevation              = 20
|area            = 39.75
|postal_code               = 21769
|area_code           = 04773
|licence               = CUX
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 52 002
|divisions        = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [http://www.armstorf.de/ www.armstorf.de]
|mayor     = Heino Klintworth
|party            =
}}

'''Armstorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Cuxhaven (district)|degmada Cuxhaven]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], Jarmalka.

== Taariikhda ==
Armstorf waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sannadkii 1648, Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], kaas oo markii hore uu xukumay [[personal union]] oo ay lahaayeen taajka Sweden - oo ay hakisay qabsashadii Denmark (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay taajka [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]]. Sannadkii 1807, [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Boqortooyadii Westphalia]] ee gaaban ayaa la wareegtay Duchy-ga, ka hor inta aanu [[First French Empire|Faransiisku]] qabsan 1810. Sannadkii 1813, Duchy-ga waxaa loo soo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], kaas oo - ka dib kor u qaadistii [[Kingdom of Hanover|Boqortooyada Hanover]] ee 1814 - ku daray Duchy-ga [[real union]] iyo dhulka Ducal, oo ay ku jirto Armstorf, waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]] ee cusub, oo la aasaasay 1823.

== Tixraacyo ==
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|name              = Arnbruck
|image_photo       = Liebfrauenkapelle Arnbruck.JPG
|image_caption     = Chapel of Our Lady
|image_coa            = DEU Arnbruck COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|8|N|13|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Arnbruck in REG.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Niederbayern
|district         = Regen
|elevation              = 581
|area            = 37.87
|postal_code               = 93471
|area_code           = 09945
|licence               = REG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 76 113
|website           = [https://www.arnbruck.de/ www.arnbruck.de]
|mayor             = Angelika Leitermann&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
}}
'''Arnbruck''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁnbʁʊk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Regen]], ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
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    <title>Arneburg</title>
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      <text bytes="2509" sha1="rggbtlwzs5qpg2jzcbxb74oasc5nm44" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type              = Stadt
|image_photo       = Arneburg Elbblick mit Kirche St. Georg.jpg
|image_caption     = Arneburg
|image_coa         = DEU Arneburg COA.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|40|N|12|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Arneburg in SDL.png
|state             = 
|district          = Stendal
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Arneburg-Goldbeck
|elevation         = 29
|area              = 30.64
|postal_code       = 39596
|area_code         = 039321
|licence           = SDL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 90 010
|website           = [http://www.arneburg-goldbeck.de/ www.arneburg-goldbeck.de]
|mayor             = Lothar Riedinger&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2022&amp;ndash;29
|party             = CDU
}}
'''Arneburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁnəbʊʁk|lang|De-Arneburg.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Stendal (district)|Stendal]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal bangiga bidix ee [[Elbe]], qiyaastii 12 km waqooyi-bari ee [[Stendal]]. Waxay ka mid tahay ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmo la isku daray&quot;) ee [[Arneburg-Goldbeck]]. Bishii Luulyo 2009 waxay qaadatay degmadii hore ee [[Beelitz, Saxony-Anhalt|Beelitz]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-januar-dezmber.html Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2021}}
Qalcadda waxaa aasaasay [[Henry the Fowler]] oo ku taal [[Elbe]] sidii gaashaan ka dhan ah [[Wends]]. Qarniyadii dhexe, Arneburg waxay ahayd hanti istiraatiiji ah oo ka tirsan [[Brandenburg]], oo uu [[Elector of Brandenburg|Elector]]-keedu [[Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg|Frederick II]] (oo loo yaqaan &quot;Iron Elector&quot;) uu u gashaday &quot;100 Rhenish [[Guilder|gilders]]&quot; oo wanaagsan Hans [[von Blumenthal]], kaas oo loo magacaabay [[Vogt]]-ka Arneburg, xil uu hayay muddo dheer ka dib 1450, markii [[Hohenzollern]]s ay iska bixiyeen amaahdii. Arneburg waxay ahayd hanti muhiim ah oo Hohenzollern ah, runtiina, Elector [[John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg|John Cicero]] wuxuu halkaas ku dhintay 1499. Burburka qalcadda ayaa hadda ah qayb ka mid ah beerta ku hareeraysan magaalada.

== Tixraacyo ==
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| image_photo       = Ortschaft Arnschwang.jpg
| imagesize         = 
| image_caption     = 
| image_flag        = [[File:Flagge Arnschwang.svg|120px|border|Flag of Arnschwang]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Banner Arnschwang.svg|120px|border|Banner of Arnschwang]]
| image_coa         = DEU Arnschwang COA.svg
| coordinates       = {{coord|49|16|N|12|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_plan        = Arnschwang in CHA.svg
| state             = 
| region            = Oberpfalz
| district          = Cham
| elevation         = 390
| area              = 28.32
| postal_code       = 93473
| area_code         = 0 99 77
| licence           = CHA
| Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 72 112
| divisions         = 24 [[Ortsteil]]e
| website           = {{URL|http://www.arnschwang.de/}}
| mayor             = Michael Multerer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
| party             = 
}}

'''Arnschwang''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁnʃvaŋ}}) waa degmo miyi ah oo ka tirsan [[Cham (district)|degmada Cham]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. Dadku waxay ahaayeen 2,004 tirakoobkii 2010. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay Arnschwang waxay diiradda saartay soo saarista tamar deegaanka u wanaagsan oo ka timaada noolaha iyo biyaha.

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Degmada Arnschwang waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa [[Bavarian Forest]] iyo [[Bohemian Forest]] qiyaastii 16 kiiloomitir waqooyi-bari ee [[Cham (Oberpfalz)|magaalada Cham]] ee dooxada webiga [[Chamb]].

== Taariikhda ==

=== Taariikhda hore ===
Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee degganaa agagaarka Arnschwang ayaa ka tagay [[Celts]] raadad muuqda qarnigii koowaad ee BC. Waxa loogu yeero Castle Wood (&quot;Burgholz&quot;) ee ku wajahan Zenching waa meel si wanaagsan loo dhowray oo Celtic ah, taas oo laga yaabo inay u adeegtay ujeedooyin diimeed ama meel kulan ama maxkamad dhexe oo loogu talagalay bulshooyinka tuulada ee aagga.&lt;ref&gt;Prof. Dr. Alois Schmid: ''Die Viereckschanze von Nößwartling.'' In: ''Festschrift und Dorfchronik der Ortschaften Nößwartling und Grasfilzing.'' Freiwillige Feuerwehr Nößwartling 1998, pg. 58-61.&lt;/ref&gt;

Laga soo bilaabo dhinaca luqadda ee dadkan ugu horreeyay ee taariikhiga ah waxay ka soo bixi karaan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sidoo kale webiga Chamb - tuulada Arnschwang magaceeda: &quot;wang&quot; waxaa loola jeedaa beer fidsan, daaqsin. Dhammaadkan waxaa ka horreeya magaca shakhsi ahaaneed ee &quot;Aruni&quot;. Daaqsinka ku yaal dooxada Chamb ee dhow ayaa Arnschwang siiyay magaceeda.&lt;ref&gt;Werner Perlinger: ''Arnschwang in früher Zeit.'' In: ''Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang.'' 1995, pg. 44-45.&lt;/ref&gt;
Laga soo bilaabo &quot;daaqsinka Aruni&quot;, &quot;Aruni-wang&quot; waxay noqotay &quot;Arinswanch&quot;, intii lagu jiray qarnigii 14-aad ka dibna &quot;Orenswanch&quot; iyo, ugu dambeyntii &quot;Arnschwang&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Wolf-Armin Frhr. v. Reitzenstein: ''Lexikon Bayerischer Ortsnamen.''C.H.Beck Verlag, 2006, pg. 20-21.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asalka kaniisadda ===
Ka dib markii la aasaasay kaniisadda [[Chammünster Abbey|Chammünster]] kaniisad ayaa la aasaasi karay dhowr sano kadib sidoo kale Arnschwang sanadkii 795.&lt;ref&gt;Paul Mai: ''1200 Jahre Pfarrei Arnschwang.'' In: ''Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang.'' 1995, pg. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; Cabbirka aan caadiga ahayn ee kaniisadda iyo kafaala-qaadka Martin´s ee kaniisadda ee Upper Paladinate waa calaamado xoog leh oo muujinaya aasaasidda hore ee kaniisadda.&lt;ref&gt;Max Heitzer: ''Arnschwang: Standort für eine karolinische Königskirche.'' In: ''Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang.'' 1995, pg. 32-35.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ka dhigan tahay in kaniisadda Arnschwang ay tahay kaniisaddii ugu horreysay ee ka kala go'day Chammünster.

Kaniisadda Arnschwang magaalada [[Furth im Wald]] ayaa laga kala gooyay waxaana laga dhigay kaniisad madax bannaan sanadkii 1585 iyo ugu dambeyntii tuulada Dalking sanadkii 1697.&lt;ref&gt;Max Heitzer: ''Die Pfarrei Arnschwang.'' In: ''Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang.'' 1995, pg. 123-124.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qalcadda iyo tuulada qarniyadii dhexe ===
Xuskii ugu horreeyay ee Arnschwang ayaa la diiwaangeliyay 1173. Waqtigaas vassal knightly ee margrave ee Cham ayaa loogu yeeray sida tuuladan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hist Atlas&quot;&gt;Max Piendl: ''Landgericht Cham.'' In: ''Historischer Atlas von Bayern.'' vol.8, 1955, pg. 33.&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Wasserveste Arnschwang 1607.jpg|thumb|Moated Castle Arnschwang 1607]] Waqtigan qaab-dhismeedka weli la aqoonsan karo ee tuulada oo leh labada tiir ee degitaanka ayaa la aasaasay: Kaniisadda oo leh qalcado cajiib ah oo ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa ee tuulada duugga ah iyo qalcadda biyaha oo ku taal hoosta Chamb oo leh beer iyo warshad.

Ka dib qoyska ''Arnschwanger'' waxaa ku xigay qarnigii 14-aad qoyska ''Kaelbl'' iyo ka dib ''Püdensdorfer'' iyo ''Sattelbogner''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hist Atlas&quot; /&gt;

Sanadkii 1426, aagga waxaa si isdaba joog ah u soo weeraray oo ay dhaceen Hussites-ka soo duulay.
Markii Emperor Henry laga adkaaday ciidan weyn oo ku taal Bohemia sanadkii 1431 kaliya ''Erasmus Sattelbogner'', knight-kii Arnschwang wuxuu dib u keenay ciidankiisa mar kale.&lt;ref&gt;Werner Perlinger: ''Arnschwang im 15. Jahrhundert - eine stürmischen Epoche.'' In: ''Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang.'' 1995, pg. 59-60.&lt;/ref&gt; Tiyaatarka dadweynaha ee la sameeyo sannad kasta sida ''The dragons sting of Furth im Wald'' - waxa loogu yeero &quot;[[Further Drachenstich]]&quot; tixraacyada dhacdadan inta lagu jiro [[Hussite Wars|Hussite riots]].

Sanadkii 1489 knight-kii sharafta lahaa ee Arnschwang ''Sigmund von Sattelbogen'' iyo dhowr knights kale ayaa ku kacay waxa loogu yeero &quot;Löwlerkrieg&quot; ka dhanka ah [[Duchy of Bavaria|duke of Bavaria]]. Natiijo ahaan, Arnschwang waa la dhacay qalcaddana waa la burburiyay.&lt;ref&gt;Werner Perlinger: ''Arnschwang im 15. Jahrhundert - eine stürmische Epoch.'' In: ''Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang.'' 1995, pg. 64.&lt;/ref&gt;

Intii u dhaxaysay 1527 iyo 1612 Arnschwang waxay gacanta ugu jirtay qoyska sharafta leh ee Franconian ''Fuchs von Wallburg''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hist Atlas 34&quot;&gt;Max Piendl: ''Landgericht Cham.'' In: ''Historischer Atlas von Bayern.'' vol.8, 1955, pg.34.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[30 Years War]] ciidamada Sweden ayaa soo duulay oo dhacay tuulada laba jeer. Sanadkii 1633 cudurka daacuunka ayaa ku dhacay Arnschwang iyo 280 ayaa naftooda waayay. 
Xaaladdan qallafsan iyo masiibada, dadka Arnschwang waxay ku dhaarten inay xaj u tagaan ''Mother of God in Weißenregen'' oo u dhow [[Kötzting]] sannad kasta.[[File:Wening S013 Arnschwang, Schloss.jpg|thumb|Moated Castle Arnschwang around 1700 by [[Michael Wening]] ]]

=== Arnschwang xilligii Modern-ka hore ===
Sanadkii 1722 ''Alois Bonaventura'', Earl of Kreuth ayaa la wareegay Hofmark Arnschwang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hist Atlas 34&quot; /&gt; Waqtigan gallery-ga weyn ee ka sarreeya vestry-ga kaniisadda ayaa la abuuray, waa la sii bogi karaa ilaa maanta.
 
Sanadkii 1801 ''Baron von Völderndorff'' wuxuu helay hantida Arnschwang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hist Atlas 34&quot; /&gt; Wuxuu bilaabay inuu dhiso warshad sonkor ah, wuxuu isku dayay wax soo saarka galaaska iyo karkariyay, ugu dambeyntii khalka sidoo kale.

1826 waxay la wareegtay dawladda [[Bavaria]]n hantida waxayna iibisay hantidii ka dibna shakhsiyaad gaar ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hist Atlas 34&quot; /&gt;

=== Dab masiibo ah 1858 ===
St. Michael, 29 September 1858, ku dhawaad tuulada oo dhan waxaa burburiyay dab xooggan. Burburku wuxuu ahaa mid aad u daran oo dhismihii dugsiga, parsonage-ka iyo 41 guri oo leh 142 dukaamo ay gubteen, iyo 240 qof ayaa noqday hoy la'aan. Iyada oo la kaashanayo ururin qaran tuulada ayaa dib loo dhisay.&lt;ref&gt;Alois Heitzer: ''Der große Arnschwanger Dorfbrand an Michaeli 1858.'' In: ''Historischer Verein Furth i.W. und Umgebung.'' vol. 7, 1996, pg. 171-193.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Degmada casriga ah ===
Intii lagu guda jiray ''municipality reform in Bavaria'' qaybaha ugu waaweyn ee degmooyinka Zenching iyo Nößwartling ayaa lagu daray Arnschwang 1 July 1972.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|surname1=Wilhelm Volkert (Hrsg.)|title=Handbuch der bayerischen Ämter, Gemeinden und Gerichte 1799–1980 |publisher=C.H.Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|publication-place=München|isbn=3-406-09669-7|date=  1983|language=German}} pg 440&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dib mucaaradad qadhaadh oo ay sameeyeen muwaadiniinta Arnschwang ku xirnaanta tuulada ee bulshada maamulka Weiding dib ayaa loo qaaday ka dib dhowr sano mar kale.

Hadda ilaa 1985 Arnschwang waa degmo madax-bannaan mar kale.

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Astaanta ===
Blazon: ''Azure, a lowered silver waved bar growing to the golden haloed St. Martin with a red garment and a silver coat, the cut with the sword of the blue coat, on the top left coming a gold, red and silver divided split plaque.''

Astaanta waxaa ansixisay 19-kii Abriil 1984 dawladda [[Upper Palatinate]].

Bulshada Arnschwang waxay ku taal Chamb (baxayaasha mowjadda) ee bassin ee Furth waxayna leedahay kaniisad aad u duug ah oo St. Martin´s ah. Bartamaha astaanta, sidaas darteed, patron St. Martin waa la saaray.
Ka sokow, seeftiisa sidoo kale waa inay lahaataa macno calaamad ah, sababtoo ah aagga degmada waxaa badanaa saameeyay dhacdooyinka dagaalka. Gaar ahaan intii lagu jiray Hussite Wars (1419–1433), tuuladu waxay ahayd inay dhib badan ku dhacdo. Milkiilihii hore ee Hofmark Arnschwang, ''Erasmus von Sattelbogen'' wuxuu magac u sameeyay naftiisa dagaalkiisa geesinimada leh ee ka dhanka ah Hussits. Sidaas darteed astaanta qoyska (oo ay u qaybsantay dahab, casaan, lacag) ee ''Sattelbogner family'' kaas oo baaba'ay qarnigii 15-aad, sidoo kale wuxuu helay gelitaanka astaanta. Ku xirnaanta dhulka [[Wittelsbacher|Wittelsbach family]] waxaa hoosta ka xariiqay lacagta iyo buluuga ah.&lt;ref&gt;Heinrich Blab: ''Von der Hofmark zur modernen Gemeinde.'' In: ''Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang.'' 1995, pg.233.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taraafikada ==

=== Waddada ===
Iyada oo loo marayo aagga degmada wuxuu ordaya waddada Federal Highway 20 taas oo ka hoggaamisa Cham ilaa xadka Jarmalka-Czech.

=== Tareenka ===
Arnschwang waxay leedahay steshanka tareenka ee qaybta Cham-Furth im Wald. Waxaa loogu adeegaa ku dhawaad saacad kasta tareenada gobolka ee Oberpfalzbahn.

=== Taraafikada hawada ===
U dhow Arnschwang garoon yar ayaa ku yaal isuduwaha 49 16 19,2 N / 12 46 48,0 E.

== Meelaha xiisaha leh ==
[[File:Kirche St. Martin.jpg|thumb|Parish church St. Martin]]

=== Kaniisadaha ===

==== Kaniisadda St. Martin ====
Goobta Arnschwang waxaa lagu gartaa kaniisadda baroque ee St. Martin. Choir-ka darbiyadiisa dibadda iyo sidoo kale salka munaaradda waa gothic. Dib loo dhisay 1723. 1899 nave-ka waa la kordhiyay, la ballaariyay oo lagu kordhiyay laba bays&lt;ref&gt;und Gg. Hager: ''Bezirksamt Cham.'' In: ''Die Kunstdenkmäler von Oberpfalz und Regensburg.'' vol.VI, 1906, pg. 13.&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Zenching.jpg|left|thumb|Zenching]]

==== Kaniisadda St. Giles (St. Ägidius) ====
Qaybta maxalliga ah ee Zenching waxaa jira kaniisadda exclave St. Giles oo ka timid qarnigii 18-aad. 1730 dib loo dhisay kaniisadda iyadoo la isticmaalayo qaybo jira oo gidaarka ah. 1845 ballaarinta laba side chapels.&lt;ref&gt;Joseph Maria Ritz: ''Bezirksamt Kötzting.'' In: ''Die Kunstdenkmäler von Niederbayern.'' vol.IX, 1922, pg. 119.&lt;/ref&gt; 1939 burburinta iyo dib u dhiska nave kaniisadda.[[File:Kapelle Tretting Giebelseite.jpg|80px|thumb|Patrona Bavariae]]

==== Dance of Death ====
Qaybta nafta ee Zenching kaliya [[Dance of Death]] ee qaybta bari ee Upper Palatinate. Matalaadda dhimashada 8 sawir. 
Laga yaabe ilaa 1760 waxaa abuuray rinjiile Martin Josef Hueber oo ka socda Kötzting. 1910 waxaa cusboonaysiiyay rinjiile [[Max Schmalzl]] oo ka socda Falkenstein, casriyeeyay qaab iyo style.&lt;ref&gt;Pfarrer Lang: ''Der Totentanz in Zenching.'' In: ''75 Jahre Krieger und Soldatenkameradschaf Zenching.'' 2001, S. 75-76.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Patrona Bavariae ee galaaska ====
Galaaska facade ee kaniisadda ee Tretting oo leh matalaad ''Our Patron Saint of Bavaria'' sida ''Holy Mary with the protective coat''. Waxaa lagu qaabeeyay sanadkii 2002 farshaxanistaha galaaska Bernhard Schagemann ee teknoolajiyada ee ''lost moulds''. Interior casri ah oo leh 14 ''Stations of the Cross'' iyo saxanno gargaar ah oo laga sameeyay dhoobo aan la dubin oo uu sameeyay sculptor Veronika Schagemann isla sanadkaas.&lt;ref&gt;''Patrona Bavariae in Tretting, Festschrift anlässlich der Kapelleneinweihung.'' 2002, pg. 4-16.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xarunta Bini'aadamka iyo Dabeecadda ===
Qaybta maxalliga ah Nößwartling Xarunta ''Human and Nature'' ee ''Bavarian Regional Association for the Protection of Birds (LBV)'' waa la booqan karaa ''Old Mill''.[[File:Drahtinsel.jpg|thumb|Drahtinsel with rare fauna]]
Tan iyo 1991 ''Old Mill'' ee Nößwartling waxay ku jirtaa hantida degmada Arnschwang. Aagga ''Drahtinsel'' si toos ah u xuduudaysan xarunta LBV waxaa la kireeyay 1979 by ''LBV'' iyo by habaynta ama optimization ee biotops sida meel nool oo loogu talagalay flora naadir ah iyo gaar ahaan fauna naqshadeeyay oo la dhowray.&lt;ref&gt;Heribert Mühlbauer: ''Das LBV-Zentrum für Mensch und Natur.'' In: ''Festschrift und Dorfchronik der Ortschaften Nößwartling und Grasfilzing.'' Freiwillige Feuerwehr Nößwartling 1998, pg. 116.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taallooyinka qadiimiga ah ===
* Meel u dhow qaybta maxalliga ah Zenching waxaa jira meel si wanaagsan loo dhowray oo Celtic ah oo taariikhdu ku saabsan tahay waqtigii hore ee Masiixiga.
* ''Swede´s bulwark'' ee ''Ponnholz forest'' waa qarniyadii hore ee dhexe waxaana loo dhisay ilaalinta waddada qadiimiga ah ee u dhaxaysa Cham iyo Furth im Wald.
* Tunnel-ka miinooyinka duugga ah ee kala-gooynta dhagxaanta nuuradda ee qaybta maxalliga ah Kalkofen weli waa la aqoonsan karaa aagga.

=== Marinnada dhulka hoostiisa ah ===
Arnschwang waxaa jiray tiro badan oo ah xeryaha dhulka hoostiisa ah oo aad u dhif ah, waxa loogu yeero &quot;Schrazellöcher&quot;.[[File:Dorfbrunnen Arnschwang.jpg|left|thumb|x100px|Labyrinth fountain of Toni Scheubeck]][[File:Wasserschloss Arnschwang 2012.jpg|thumb|x120px|Moated castle Arnschwang 2012]]

=== Isha Labyrinth ===
Tuulo-isha uu sawiray sculptor-ka maxalliga ah ''Toni Scheubeck'' munaasabadda sannadkii 1200-Jubilee 1995. Waxaa ka samaysan ''Fürstensteiner'' granite, kanaalada biyaha oo la safeeyay, sidaas darteed dhalaalaya firfircoon; sagxadaha kale oo hoos loo dhigay. Meesha isha iyo afka wabiga ee isha waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay tirooyinka sannadlaha ah 795 iyo 1995.&lt;ref&gt;Toni Scheubeck: ''Brunnen Dorfplatz Arnschwang.'' In: ''Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang.'' 1995, S. 510-511.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qalcadda biyaha ===
Waa dhismo 2-dabaq ah, dheer oo la kala bixiyay. Waxaan arki doonnaa hadhaagii sawirrada naqshadaynta sida muraayadaha daaqadaha.
Asalka iyo saddexda baal ee aan caadiga ahayn ee qasriga, kaliya baalka galbeedka ayaa la dhowray. Dabaqa hoose oo leh qaybo ka mid ah dabaqa sare weli waxay ka tirsan yihiin dhismaha qarnigii 14/15-aad. Marxaladaha dhismaha ee soo socda isbeddello badan oo dhismaha ayaa la sameeyay. Bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad hal dabaq ayaa la dumiyay.&lt;ref&gt;Bernhard Ernst: ''Burgenbau in der südöstlichen Oberpfalz vom Frühmittelalter bis zur frühen Neuzeit, vol. II.'' In: ''Arbeiten zur Archäologie Süddeutschlands'' vol. 16, 2003, pg. 22-23.&lt;/ref&gt;
Tan iyo 2010 dhismaha waxaa si xagjir ah dib loogu horumarin doonaa.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Arnschwang}}
* {{HdBG GKZ|9372112}}
* [http://www.arnschwang.de Gemeinde Arnschwang]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426073135/http://www.pfarrei-arnschwang.de/html/geschichte1.html Geschichte der Pfarrei Arnschwang]
* [http://www.clemens-pongratz.homepage.t-online.de/hildtaf.htm Familientafeln der Pfarrei Arnschwang]

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      <text bytes="1855" sha1="ideiknn04ljn3etbcjobutzhey30416" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa         = DEU Arnsdorf COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|6|N|13|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Arnsdorf in BZ.svg
|state             = 
|district          = Bautzen 
|elevation         = 290
|area              = 35.87
|postal_code       = 01477
|area_code         = 035200
|licence           = BZ, BIW, HY, KM
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 14625010
|divisions         = 4 
|website           = [http://www.gemeinde-arnsdorf.de/ www.gemeinde-arnsdorf.de]
|mayor             = Frank Eisold&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2020], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;27
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Arnsdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁnsdɔʁf}}; {{langx|hsb|Warnoćicy}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Bautzen (district)|Bautzen]] ee gobolka [[Saxony]], bariga [[Jarmalka]].

[[Arnsdorf bei Dresden station|Arnsdorf bei Dresden railway station]] waxay ku taal qaybta koonfureed ee tuulada waana qayb ka mid ah khadadka [[Görlitz–Dresden railway]] iyo [[Kamenz–Pirna railway]].

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Arnsdorf SK Verwaltung (01).jpg|Dhismaha maamulka ee Isbitaalka taariikhiga ah ee Saxon (Royal)
File:Arnsdorf SK Anstaltskirche (02).jpg|Kaniisadda, {{ill|Anstaltskirche Arnsdorf|de}}
File:Dorfkirche Arnsdorf mit Mauerwall und separatem Glockenhaus.jpg|Kaniisadda tuulada {{ill|Dorfkirche Arnsdorf|lt=Dorfkirche Arnsdorf, Bautzen|de|Dorfkirche Arnsdorf (Landkreis Bautzen)}}
File:Arnsdorf - Blick auf die Gemeindeverwaltung - geo-en.hlipp.de - 12612.jpg|Dhismaha maamulka degmada ee Arnsdorf, 2010
File:Bahnhof Arnsdorf Ostseite 2015.JPG|[[Arnsdorf bei Dresden station|Arnsdorf bei Dresden]] saldhigga tareenka
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}
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    <title>Arnshöfen</title>
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      <text bytes="2658" sha1="t6m0zafwlifc9nyfg5rhy6u778zuqla" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = Arnshoefen3.jpg
|image_coa            =DEU Arnshöfen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|32|26|N|7|52|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Arnshöfen im Westerwaldkreis.png
|state        = 
|district         = Westerwaldkreis
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Wallmerod
|elevation              = 412
|area            = 2.94
|postal_code               = 56244
|area_code           = 02666
|licence               = WW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 43 203
|divisions         = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [https://www.arnshoefen.de/ www.arnshoefen.de]
|mayor             = Michaela Hehl&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1430000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Westerwaldkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             =
}}
'''Arnshöfen''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – degmo ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' – oo ku taal [[Westerwaldkreis]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsantahay [[Wallmerod (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wallmerod]], oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo la isku daray.

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Westerwald]] inta u dhaxaysa [[Montabaur]] iyo [[Hachenburg]], meel u dhow Westerwald Lake Plateau.

=== Bulshooyinka ka kooban ===
Arnshöfen's ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' waa Arnshöfen, Etzelbach iyo Niederdorf.

== Taariikhda ==
Sanadkii 1525, Arnshöfen waxay heshay xustii ugu horreysay ee dukumeenti ah.

== Siyaasadda ==

Golaha degmadu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixin aqlabiyad ah]] doorashadii degmada ee 7 Juun 2009.

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==
Khadadka baska 481 iyo 959 ayaa mara Arnshöfen.
Tuuladu waxay ku taal aagga lambar 424 ee ururka gaadiidka dadweynaha Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM).
Si toos ah degmada waxaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 8, kaas oo isku xira [[Altenkirchen (Westerwald)]] iyo [[Limburg an der Lahn]]. Isgoys-ka [[Autobahn]] ee ugu dhow waa ''[[Montabaur]]'' oo ku yaal [[Bundesautobahn 3]] ([[Cologne]]–[[Frankfurt am Main]]), qiyaastii 15&amp;nbsp;km u jira. Joogsiga [[InterCityExpress]] ee ugu dhow waa [[railway station|saldhigga tareenka]] ee Montabaur ee ku yaal [[Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line]].

Korontada ama waxaa jira [[Wind farm|beer dabayl]] oo ku taal dhulka Arnshöfen, [[Ettinghausen, Germany|Ettinghausen]] iyo [[Hahn am See]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://www.arnshoefen.de/ Arnshöfen] {{in lang|de}}

{{Authority control}}

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    <title>Arnstadt</title>
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      <text bytes="11165" sha1="kkyy3m47oq8revc0tw4du0y9o6yoi24" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|type              = Stadt
|image_photo       = Bachkirche Arnstadt.JPG
|image_caption     = [[Bach Church, Arnstadt|Bach Church]]
|image_coa         = DEU Arnstadt COA.svg
|image_flag        = Hissflagge der Stadt Arnstadt.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|50|3|N|10|56|47|E|type:city(27,072)_region:DE-TH|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Arnstadt in IK.svg
|state             = 
|district          = Ilm-Kreis
|elevation         = 288
|area              = 104.99
|postal_code       = 99301–99310
|area_code         = 03628
|licence           = IK, ARN, IL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 70 004
|divisions         = core town + 17 villages
|website           = {{URL|http://www.arnstadt.de/}}
|mayor             = Frank Spilling&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&amp;wJahr=0000&amp;zeigeErg=LAND&amp;auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;30
|party             = 
}}
'''Arnstadt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁnˌʃtat|-|De-Arnstadt.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Ilm-Kreis]], [[Thuringia]], Jarmalka, oo ku taal webiga [[Gera (river)|Gera]] qiyaastii 20 km koonfur ka xigta [[Erfurt]], caasimadda Thuringia. Arnstadt waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu da'da weyn Thuringia, waxayna leedahay xarun taariikhi ah oo si wanaagsan loo dhowray oo leh gidaar magaalo oo qayb ahaan la dhowray. Magaalada waxaa loo bixiyay naanays ah {{lang|de|Das Tor zum Thüringer Wald}} (&quot;Albaabka [[Thuringian Forest|Kaynta Thuringian]]&quot;) sababtoo ah goobteeda oo ku taal dhinaca waqooyi ee kayntaas. Arnstadt waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu qiyaastii tahay 27,000.

== Juqraafi ==
Xarunta magaaladu waxay ku taal dhinaca galbeed ee webiga Gera. Degmadu waxay liqday dhowr degmo oo daris la ah: Angelhausen–Oberndorf (1922), Siegelbach (1994), Rudisleben (1999) iyo [[Wipfratal]] (2019). Degmooyinka dariska la ah waa [[Amt Wachsenburg]], [[Alkersleben]], [[Dornheim]], [[Bösleben-Wüllersleben]], [[Stadtilm]], [[Ilmenau]], [[Plaue]] iyo [[Geratal]].

=== Cimilada ===
Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa 487 mm.

== Taariikhda ==
Waraaqo hadiyad ah oo la soo saaray 1 May 704 oo ku taal [[Würzburg]] oo uu qoray Thuringian Duke [[Hedan II]] oo loo diray Anglo-Saxon bishop Willibrord ee [[Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)|Utrecht]] waa xuskii ugu horreeyay ee qoran ee Arnstadt (&quot;Arnestati&quot;), oo ay weheliso laba magaalo oo kale—xuskii ugu da'da weynaa ee la diiwaangeliyay ee degsiimooyinka Thuringia iyo bartamaha iyo bariga Jarmalka. Sanadkii 726, Arnstadt waxay u gudubtay [[Abbey of Echternach]], ka dibna [[Abbey of Hersfeld]]. Sida uu qoray taariikhyahan August Beck, sannadkii 925 dhulka [[Henry I the Fowler|Henry I]] ayaa la ballaariyay si ay u noqoto gaashaan ka dhan ah [[Magyars]]-ka soo duulay. 17 December 954, Holy Roman Emperor [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] wuxuu nabadda ku dhex dhigay Arnstadt wiilkiisii fallaagada ahaa [[Liudolf of Swabia]] iyo wiil kale, William, oo uu u magacaabay [[Archbishop of Mainz]], wuxuuna go'aansaday in [[Liebfrauenkirche, Arnstadt|Liebfrauenkirche]] (Kaniisadda Our Lady) la dhiso.

Qarnigii 12-aad qayb ka mid ah Arnstadt ayaa ku dhacday xukunka [[County of Kevernburg|Counts of Kevernburg]]. 8 March 1198 amiirradii Holy Roman Empire ayaa ku kulmay Arnstadt waxayna doorteen [[Philip of Swabia]] inuu noqdo [[King of Germany|Boqorka Jarmalka]]. Sanadkii 1220 Arnstadt waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu tilmaamay ''[[civitas]]'', oo ah magaalo. 21 April 1266, abbot-ka Abbey of Hersfeld wuxuu bixiyay charter; intaas ka dib, Arnstadt waxay noqotay xarun ganacsi oo loogu talagalay timber, hadhuudh, khamri iyo qoryo.

Ka dib markii uu baaba'ay qoyska Kevernburg intii u dhaxaysay 1302 ilaa 1306, [[County of Schwarzburg|counts of Schwarzburg]] ayaa la wareegay Arnstadt. Isku dayga Erfurt 1342 iyo 1345 si ay u qabsadaan waxa hadda ahaa magaalo qani ah ayaa ku guuldareystay sababtoo ah ku xirnaanta xooggan. Barwaaqada Arnstadt waxay ku salaysnayd warshadaha wax shiidista, ganacsiga dharka, tanneries, iyo ganacsiga khamriga, [[woad]], qoryo, hadhuudh, dhogor, iyo khudaar.

30 January 1349, Count [[Günther XXI of Schwarzburg]], oo ahaa cadowga Boqor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]], ayaa loo doortay oo loo caleemo saaray madaxa Arnstadt ee Frankfurt. Wuxuu ka tanaasulay cinwaankan 26 May 20,000 silver marks. Tixraac 1404 ah ayaa la helay sanadkii 2000 oo ku saabsan [[Bratwurst]] oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Arnstadt, sidaas darteed magaaladu waxay sheegatay hal-abuurkeeda. Sanadkii 1496, domains-ka Schwarzburg waxaa loo qaybiyay lordships-ka [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] iyo [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]], kuwaas oo Arnstadt ay ka tirsanayd. Intii lagu jiray [[German Peasants' War]] 95 ka qaybgalayaal kacdoonka ah ayaa lagu gooyay madaxa sidii hoggaamiyeyaasha suuqa Arnstadt, 17 June iyo 2 August 1525. Magaalada waxaa lagu qasbay inay bixiso 3000 guilders taageerada kacdoon-wadayaasha. Sanadkii 1531 [[Reformation]]-ka waxaa la soo galiyay Arnstadt. Natiijo ahaan, Franciscan maidens' convent, iyo ka dib Franciscan mendicant convent (Barfüßerkloster) ayaa la saaray diinta. Laga soo bilaabo 1581, kaniisadda kaniisaddii hore ee Franciscan (hadda [[Oberkirche, Arnstadt|Oberkirche]], &quot;Upper Church&quot;) waxay ahayd kaniisadda ugu weyn magaalada. Sanadkii 1553, shaqadu waxay ka bilaabatay guriga count-ka, [[Neideck Castle, Arnstadt|Neideck Castle]]. Qasriga biyaha waxaa la dhammaystiray 1560.

Iyadoo la bilaabay warshadaynta, aag la deggan yahay ayaa ka soo baxay galbeedka iyo koonfurta magaaladii hore, iyo aagag warshadeed oo waqooyiga ah. Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, waxay ahayd goobta xero maxaabiis-dagaal, inta badan Poles iyo Russians. 1,700 oo maxaabiis ah ayaa lagu hayay teendhooyin ay ku jireen 100 sariirood oo kaliya. Xerada waxaa xoreeyay ciidamada Maraykanka bishii Abriil 1945. Tiro xabaalo wadareedyo ah ayaa la helay. 1,200 oo rayid ah oo ka yimid magaalada deriska la ah ee Weimar ayaa loo keenay dalxiis qasab ah oo xerada ah. Tan waxaa ku jiray &quot;bandhig xaraf&quot; oo soo bandhigay &quot;lampshade laga sameeyay maqaarka bini'aadamka.&quot; Bandhiga waxaa kale oo ku jiray xabbado maqaar ah oo loo isticmaalo sawirrada rinjiyeynta. Ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, magaaladu waxay u sii fiday waqooyiga iyada oo ay weheliso Geratals, aagag cusub oo la deggan yahay ayaa soo baxay 1970-yadii iyo 80-yadii, bariga iyo koonfur-bari ee Arnstadt, oo ay ku jirto Raven Hold. Arnstadt waa xarun wax soo saar leh oo leh glassworks iyo foundries, warshad wax soo saar leh oo solar panel ah, iyo ganacsiyo gacmo-gashi iyo qoryo-finishing ah.

== Meelaha muuqda ==
[[File:Bachkirche_(Arnstadt)_03.jpg|thumbnail|upright=1.2|The restored Wender organ in the Bach Church]]
Arnstadt waxay leedahay magaalo duug ah oo si qurux badan loo hayo, oo lagu xaddiday taraafikada dadka lugaynaya. Dhismayaasheeda xusid mudan waxaa ka mid ah:
* qarnigii 13-aad ee Romanesque-Gothic [[Liebfrauenkirche, Arnstadt|Liebfrauenkirche]] (Kaniisadda Our Lady)
* qasriga qarnigii 18-aad
* [[Bach Church, Arnstadt|Bach Church]] (oo hore u ahaan jirtay New Church)
* kaniisaddii hore ee Franciscan [[Oberkirche, Arnstadt|Oberkirche]] (&quot;Upper Church&quot;)

Sanadkii 1703, da'da siddeed iyo toban, muusikiiste [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] waxaa loo magacaabay organist kaniisadda New Church. Qoysku waxay ku noolaayeen jiilal badan agagaarka Arnstadt tanina waxay ahayd shaqadiisii ugu horreysay. Waxaa dhisay master organ builder [[Johann Friedrich Wender]], organ-ka waxaa daah-furay Bach recital Sunday for feast of St John the Baptist. Bach wuxuu nasiib u yeeshay inuu awoodo inuu ku ciyaaro qalab casri ah oo si buuxda u shaqaynaya: waxay lahayd tuning wanaagsan, waxay ogolaatay saamaynta harmonic kala duwan, mana u baahnayn dayactir joogto ah. Muddadiisii Arnstadt waxay dhammaatay 1707, laakiin mar hore Bach wuxuu helay xirfad ku dhow dhammaystiran ee organ iyo keyboard technique, taas oo la joogi doonta isaga noloshiisa oo dhan. Shaqadiisa organ waxay u dhaxaysay chorales ballaaran ilaa qaybo kala duwan, sida fugues, preludes, fantasias, toccatas, passacaglias, sonatas iyo concertos. Wuxuu sidoo kale ka helay dhiirigelin asxaabtiisa, iyo sidoo kale Italian, German iyo French masterworks ee qarnigii lix iyo tobnaad iyo todoba iyo tobnaad, sida ''Fiori Musicali'' ee [[Girolamo Frescobaldi]]. Sida {{harvtxt|Wolff|Zepf|2012}} ay tilmaamayaan, muddada xasaasiga ah inta u dhaxaysa 1703 iyo 1707, Bach wuxuu leeyahay xaalado ku habboon &quot;si loo xoojiyo oo loo ballaariyo virtuosity-kiisa iyo, sida muusikiiste, dhiso oo horumariyo fantasy-giisa harmonic iyo fikradaha tonal&quot;.

== Sport ==
Magaaladu waxay martigelisaa sannad kasta [[high jump]] meet – ''[[Hochsprung mit Musik]]'' – taas oo soo jiidata qaar ka mid ah boodayaasha sare ee dunida ugu horreeya. [[Kajsa Bergqvist]] waxay dejisay [[list of world records in athletics|recordka dunida]] Arnstadt's ''Sporthalle am Jahn-sportpark'' sanadkii 2006.

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Arnstadt waxaa [[Sister city|mataaneeyay]] la leh:
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Le Bouscat]], France
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dubí]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gurk, Carinthia|Gurk]], Austria
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Kassel]], Germany

== Dadka caanka ah ==
=== Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada ===
[[File:Roesel von Rosenhof AJ 1705-1759.png|thumb|150px|August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof]]
*[[Johann Christoph Bach]] (1642–1703), muusikiiste
*[[Johann Michael Bach]] (1648–1694), muusikiiste
*[[August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof]] (1705–1759), naturalist
*[[Johann Christian Gottlieb Ernesti]] (1756–1802), classical scholar
*[[Johann Christian von Hellbach]] (1757–1828), qareen iyo qoraa
*[[Ernst August Nicolai]] (1800–1875), naturalist
*[[Friedrich Filitz]] (1804–1876), muusikiiste iyo musicologist
*[[E. Marlitt]] (1825–1887), qoraa
*[[Bernhard Stade]] (1848–1906), theologian
*[[Katrin Schreiter]] (born 1969), ciyaartoy
*[[Kornelia Greßler]] (born 1970), dabaasha
*[[Sandra Wallenhorst]] (born 1972), triathlete iyo duathlete
*[[Thomas Ziegler (cyclist)|Thomas Ziegler]] (born 1980), cyclist
*[[Theresa Senff]] (born 1982), cyclist
*[[Marcel Kittel]] (born 1988), cyclist

=== Loo aqoonsaday magaalada ===
*[[Johann Friedrich Wender]] (1655–1729), organ builder, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay halkan
*[[Johann Sebastian Bach]] (1685–1750), muusikiiste iyo musician, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay halkan
*[[Willibald Alexis]] (1798–1871), qoraa taariikhi ah, wuxuu ku noolaa oo ku dhintay halkan
*[[Ludwig Bechstein]] (1801–1860), qoraa, wuxuu bartay halkan 1818–1821

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Modell Liebfrauenkirche Arnstadt.JPG|[[Architectural model]] ee [[Liebfrauenkirche, Arnstadt|Liebfrauenkirche]] ee Arnstadt
Neues Palais Arnstadt2.JPG|Qasriga {{Interlanguage link|Elisabeth Albertine von Anhalt-Bernburg|de}}
Riedtor und Jakobsturm Arnstadt.JPG|''Riedtor'' iyo ''Jakobsturm''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*{{Commons-inline}}


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    <title>Arnstein</title>
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      <text bytes="8947" sha1="nidgxf1zxngdjy8r429fhgb3epamjlb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type              = Stadt
|image_photo = Arnstein03.jpg
|image_caption = Arnstein oo laga arkay galbeedka
|image_coa            = DEU Arnstein (Unterfranken) COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|58|N|09|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Arnstein in MSP.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Unterfranken
|district         = Main-Spessart
|elevation              = 228
|area            = 112.1
|postal_code               = 97450
|area_code           = 03628
|licence               = MSP
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 77 114
|divisions         = 12 Stadtteile
|website           = {{url|https://arnstein.de/}}
|mayor             = Franz-Josef Sauer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;25
|party             = CSU
}}

'''Arnstein''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁnʃtaɪn|-|Arnstein.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Main-Spessart|degmada Main-Spessart]] ee ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Lower Franconia]] (''Unterfranken'') ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Magaaladu waxay ku taal bangiyada webiga Wern waxayna ku dhowdahay qiyaastii 20 km u jirta [[Schweinfurt]] iyo 25 km u jirta [[Würzburg]].

=== Bulshooyinka ka kooban ===
Arnstein ''[[Ortsteil|Stadtteile]]'' waa:
{|
|----- valign=&quot;top&quot;
 || 
*Altbessingen
*Binsbach
*Binsfeld
 || 
*Büchold
*Dattensoll
*Gänheim
 || 
*Halsheim
*Heugrumbach
*Müdesheim
 || 
*Neubessingen
*Reuchelheim
*Schwebenried
 || 
|}

== Taariikhda ==
Xuquuqda magaalada waxaa la siiyay 1333 Boqor [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis the Bavarian]].

Kii hore ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' ee [[Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]] waxaa lagu sameeyay [[Secularization|secularized]] faa'iidada Bavaria waxayna u gudubtay 1805 Grand Duke [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinand of Tuscany]] si uu u sameeyo [[Grand Duchy of Würzburg]].

=== Horumarka dadweynaha ===

* 1961: 7943 
* 1970: 8403 
* 1987: 7640 
* 1995: 8092 
* 2005: 8345 
* 2010: 8090 
* 2015: 8161

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Duqa magaalada ===
*1972-2002: Roland Metz (CSU)
*2002-2014: Linda Plappert-Metz (CSU)
*2014–2019: [[Anna Stolz]] (madax-bannaan)
*2019–hadda: Franz Josef Sauer (CSU)

=== Iskaashiga magaalooyinka ===
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Cancale]], [[Ille-et-Vilaine]], [[Brittany]], [[France]] (tan iyo 7 Sebteembar 1988)
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Łubniany]], [[Opole County, Opole Voivodeship|Opole County]], [[Opole Voivodeship]], [[Poland]] (tan iyo 22 May 1993)

=== Astaanta ===
[[Coat of arms|Hubka]] magaalada waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu tilmaamo sidan: Argent in base a mount of three vert, thereon an eagle reguardant wings expanded sable armed Or and langued gules.

Ereyga [[German language|Jarmalka]] ee caadiga ah ee gorgor waa ''Adler'', laakiin ereyga gabayga ''Aar'' sidoo kale waa jiraa. Magaca ''Aar'' wuxuu raaci karaa hoos u dhaca daciifka ah, kaas oo qaabka [[genitive case|genitive]] uu yahay ''Aaren''. &quot;Buurta saddexda&quot; (oo loogu yeero ''Dreiberg'' ee [[heraldry]] Jarmalka), marka lagu daro, waxaa loo qaadan karaa inay tahay dhagax (''Stein'' oo Jarmal ah). Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa hubka [[canting arms|canting]], maadaama magaca magaalada, Arnstein, loo qaadan karo inuu macnaheedu yahay &quot;Dhagaxa Gorgorka&quot;, taas oo ah sawirka ay soo jeediyeen [[charge (heraldry)|khidmadaha]] hubka. Shaabaddii ugu da'da weynayd ee magaalada la yaqaan, laga soo bilaabo 1378, ayaa horay u muujisay sawirkan, sida ay u sameeyeen dhammaan shaabadaha iyo hubka Arnstein tan iyo markaas, inkasta oo gorgorku uu isbeddelay xajmiga iyo qaabka waqti ka dib. [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]-ka waxaa la og yahay in la isticmaali jiray ilaa 1544.

== Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska ==
[[File:Maria Sondheim.jpg|thumb|Buuraha jilicsan ee hareeraha Arnstein oo leh muuqaal kaniisadda xajka ee ''Maria Sondheim'']]
[[File:Schwebenried.Bayern.Schnittpunkt.01.jpg|thumb|''Schnittpunktdenkmal'']]
[[File:Schwebenried.Bayern.Sueden.01.jpg|thumb|Schwebenried]]

=== Dhismayaasha ===
*Kaniisadda [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]] parish iyo xajka ee ''Maria Sondheim'' waxay horey u ahayd kaniisadda parish ee Arnstein waqtigii [[Sondheim vor der Rhön|Sondheim]] la aasaasay. Intii lagu jiray wakhtigii Arnstein loo ballan qaaday Lords of Hutten, waxay u adeegtay qoyska sharafta leh sida goob qabri qoys.
*Hoolka Magaalada waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 1550 goobta dhisme duug ah oo Gothic ah, sanadkii 1754 ayaana la dayactiray. Sanadkii 1945, wuu gubtay ilaa aasaaskii, laakiin ka dib [[Second World War|Dagaalkii]] waxaa dib loo dhisay mar kale qaabkiisii hore.
*''Pfründnerspital'' waa dhisme taariikhi ah oo la dhisay 1555 iyada oo la raacayo amarka Moritz von Hutten.
*''Balleshaus'' waxaa dhisay 1725 dharkii Georg Roth wuxuuna u adeegay in ka badan laba boqol oo sano sidii guri la deggan yahay. Magaaladu waxay ka iibsatay milkiilayaasheedii ugu dambeeyay, qoyska Balles, wayna dayactirtay. Tan iyo markaas, waxay hoy u ahayd [[library|maktabadda]] magaalada iyo [[archive|diiwaanka]].

Aagga cusub ee la deggan yahay ee Arnstein ayaa taagnaa ilaa dhammaadkii 1990-meeyadii horumarin guri oo leh 20 [[low-energy house|guryo tamar yar]], waxa loogu yeero ''Arnsteiner Sonnenhäuser'' (“Sunhouses”). Qayb ka mid ah sahayda tamarta waxay ka timaadaa aagga ururiyaha qorraxda oo ka badan 210 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; kaas oo biyo lagu kululeeyo iyo kuleylka qoyska la bixiyo. Intaa waxaa dheer, 95% kulaylka booska ayaa lagu soo kaban karaa iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka hawo-qaadista ee la xakameynayo. Iyadoo la isticmaalayo biyaha roobka si loo dhaqo musqulaha, doorashada qalabka dhismaha ee bey'adda u saaxiibka ah, ka tanaasulida [[basement|qolka hoose]] oo sidaas darteed lagu dahaaro guryaha iyo qaadista tallaabooyin kale, tallaabooyin dheeraad ah oo tamar-badbaadin iyo deegaan-ilaalin ah ayaa la xaqiijin karaa. &quot;Sunhouses&quot; waxaa si wada jir ah u dhisay 20-kii dhise iyadoo la raacayo qaab-dhismeedka barnaamijka dallacaadda ee dhismaha guryaha tijaabada ah, iyadoo la dhimayo kharashyada iibsiga iyo qorsheynta.

=== Taallooyinka ===
Waqooyi fog ee Arnstein, on ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 26a oo u socda Schwebenried, wuxuu taagan yahay ''Schnittpunktdenkmal'', ama “Taallada Goobta Gudubta”. Waxay calaamadeysaa barta uu isugu tago isbarbardhigga 50-aad ee loolka waqooyi iyo meridian-ka 10-aad ee dhigta bari: {{coord|50|N|10|E|}}.

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==

=== Beerta qorraxda ===
{{main|Erlasee Solar Park}}
Bishii May 2005, beertii ugu weyneyd ee qorraxda adduunka waxaa laga dhisay meel u dhow Arnstein (Erlasee).

=== MIWE ===
Loo-shaqeeyaha ugu weyn magaalada in ka badan 80 sano wuxuu ahaa shirkadda MIWE [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]]. Shaqada ugu weyn ee MIWE ee Arnstein maanta, qiyaastii 400 oo shaqaale ah ayaa soo saara foornooyin warshadeed, [[oven|foornooyin]] loogu talagalay rootiga iyo [[bakery|rootiga]] iyo alaabta tignoolajiyada qaboojinta.

=== Waxbarashada ===
{{As of|2007}} machadyada soo socda ayaa ka jiray Arnstein:

*Michael-Ignaz-Schmitt-[[Realschule]]
*[[Primary school|Dugsiga hoose]] iyo [[Hauptschule]]
*[[Kindergarten|Kindergartens]]

== Madadaalo ==
*''Naturbadesee Arnstein'' (harada) waxay ku taal meel u dhow magaalada. Harada qubeyska waxaa la dhigay koorsada ''kleine Gartenschau'' (“Bandhigga Beerta Yar”) sanadkii 1997. Waxaa jira [[sunbathing|qorrax-qubays]] kala duwan, raft, maxkamad [[beach volleyball|beach volleyball]] iyo kiosk leh terrace harada. Carruurta waxaa jira [[playground|garoon]] leh tuulo &quot;qaanso-roobaad&quot; (''Weidendorf'') iyo garoon dabiici ah.
*''Walderlebnispfad Arnstein'' (“Waddada Tacaburka Kaynta”) waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa Arnstein iyo Reuchelheim in yar oo ka sarreeya dalxiiska waana qiyaastii 2.5 km.
*''Gewässerlehrpfad Wern/Arnstein'' (“Jidadka Barashada Biyaha”) waa qiyaastii 1 km.
*''Wernradweg'' (“Waddada Baaskiilka Wern”) waa 78 km oo baaskiil waddo ah oo ka socda isha Wern iyada oo loo marayo Arnstein ilaa webiga oo ku qulqulaya [[Main (river)|Main]] meel u dhow [[Gemünden am Main|Gemünden]]-Wernfeld.

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Michael Ignaz Schmidt1.jpg|thumb|150px|Michael Ignaz Schmidt]]
*Moritz von Hutten (1503–1552), Prince-Bishop
*Michael Ignaz Schmidt (1736–1794), taariikhyahan
*[[:de:Michael Siegel|Michael Siegel]] (1882–1979), qareen
*Emil Greul (1895–1993), dhakhtarka shaqaalaha admiral iyo madaxa fayadhowrka ee ugu dambeeya ee ciidanka badda
*Fritz Burkhardt (1900–1983), farshaxaniste garaaf iyo rinjiile
*[[Christian Wück]] (dhashay 1973), hore Bundesliga [[Association football|ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta]], tababare madax ah [[Germany women's national football team|kooxda qaranka haweenka Jarmalka]] 
== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Commons category|Arnstein (Lower Franconia)}}

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    <title>Arpsdorf</title>
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|image_photo       =
|image_flag           = Flagge Arpsdorf.png
|image_coa            = DEU Arpsdorf COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|54|1|N|9|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Arpsdorf in RD.png
|state        = 
|district             = Rendsburg-Eckernförde
|Amt               = Mittelholstein
|elevation              = 12
|area            = 12.1
|postal_code               = 24634
|area_code           = 04324
|licence               = RD
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 007
|website           = [https://www.arpsdorf.de/ www.arpsdorf.de]
|mayor     = Peter Thomsen
|party            =
}}

'''Arpsdorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Arrach</title>
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      <text bytes="1251" sha1="ap567l9hwhb4itzm4p3sbo4s5w41ntw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Arrach COA.svg
|image_photo   = Tourist-Info Arrach.JPG
|image_caption = Dhismaha macluumaadka dalxiiska ee bartamaha tuulada
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|12|N|13|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Arrach in CHA.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberpfalz
|district         = Cham
|elevation              = 490
|area            = 28.81
|postal_code               = 93474
|area_code           = 0 99 43
|licence               = CHA
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 72 113
|divisions         = 13 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [http://www.arrach.de/ www.arrach.de]
|mayor             = Gerhard Mühlbauer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = FW
}}

'''Arrach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁax}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Cham (district)|Cham]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal dooxada quruxda badan ee [[Lamer Winkel]]. Waxay ku taal gudaha/u dhow [[:de:Bayerischer_Wald|Kaynta Bavarian]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Artern</title>
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      <text bytes="12238" sha1="b4y3hyvj2r4i38qvencx1z32bsuq9v4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type               = Stadt
|image_photo       = Rathaus Artern.JPG
|image_caption = Xarunta dawladda hoose
|image_coa            = DEU Artern COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|22|N|11|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Artern in KYF.png
|state        = 
|district         = [[Kyffhäuserkreis]]
|elevation              = 121
|area            = 45.05
|postal_code               = 06556
|area_code           = 03466
|licence               = KYF, ART, SDH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 65 086
|divisions         = 3
|website           = [https://www.artern.de/ www.artern.de]
|mayor     = Wolfgang von Eye&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&amp;wJahr=0000&amp;zeigeErg=LAND&amp;auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 12 April 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2026&amp;ndash;32
|party             = 
}}

'''Artern''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʁtɐn|-|De-Artern.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Kyffhäuserkreis]], [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Degmooyinkii hore ee [[Heygendorf]] iyo [[Voigtstedt]] ayaa lagu daray Artern bishii Janaayo 2019.

== Juqraafi ==
Artern waxay ku taal halka ay isugu yimaadaan webiyada [[Unstrut]] iyo [[Helme (river)|Helme]], oo ku taal qalooca Unstrut, kaas oo dhex mara magaalada laga bilaabo koonfur-bari ilaa waqooyi-galbeed.

Waxay ku taal waqooyi bari ee Thuringia, oo u dhow xadka [[Saxony Anhalt]], iyo 12 km koonfurta [[Sangerhausen]].

== Gaadiidka ==
Artern waxay ku taal [[Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway]] markaasay leedahay xiriir tareen oo taga [[Erfurt]] iyo [[Sangerhausen]]. Xiriirkii tareenka ee [[Naumburg]] ayaa la joojiyay bishii Diseembar 2006. Dadku waxay ahaayeen 6,165 tirakoobkii 2006.

== Taariikhda ==
Xuskii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay ee Artern wuxuu ahaa ''Aratora'' horraantii qarnigii 9-aad, diiwaanka hantida ee [[Hersfeld Abbey]]. [[Water castle|Qasriga biyaha]] ee Artern waxaa la dhisay qarnigii 10-aad oo uu dhisay qof sharaf leh oo deegaanka ah Thietmarus Kohlstedt.

Mashiinnada, sonkorta iyo kabaha ayaa loo isticmaali jiray in lagu soo saaro Artern.

Ilaha [[brine|biyaha cusbada leh]], oo la ogaa horraantii qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa wali la soo booqdaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;EB1911&quot;&gt;{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Artern|volume=2|page=669}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanadkii 1944 xero hoosaad, [[Artern Subcamp|''Rebstock neu'']], ee [[Nazi]] [[concentration camp|xerada fiirsashada]] [[Buchenwald]] ayaa laga dhisay Artern.

Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], 47 maxaabiis dagaal oo ka yimid Poland iyo France ayaa loo isticmaalay shaqaale qasab ah Weidlich Manor, on Demesne, iyo shaqada webiga. In ka badan 400 oo shaqaale ajaanib ah oo qasab ah ayaa ka shaqeynayay warshadda mashiinka Kyffhäuserhütte 1941. Ugu yaraan 1,124 shaqaale kale oo qasab ah, oo u badnaa Midowga Soofiyeeti, ayaa ka shaqeeyay warshadda sonkorta, warshadda khamriga, shaqada saline, tareenka iyo beeraha (sidoo kale tuulada u dhow ee Schönfeld) iyo hantida fog ee Kachstedt.

Xero-hoosaadka Artern (oo leh magac dabool leh ''A-Dorf'') ee xerada fiirsashada [[Mittelbau-Dora]], boqolaal maxaabiis ah, oo ka yimid xerooyin kale, ayaa qasab ku noqday inay isku dubbaridaan korontada [[V2 rockets|gantaallada V2]]. Bishii Abriil 1945 boqolaal maxaabiis xerada fiirsashada ah ayaa loo diray waddooyin kala duwan oo ku saabsan [[death marches|socodka dhimashada]]. Dhimashadii fara badnayd ee shaqada qasabka ah iyo masaafurintii ugu dambaysay ayaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Parkfriedhof, halkaas oo laga dhisay dhagax xusuus ah, kaas oo la saaray 1975.&lt;ref&gt;Thüringer Verband der Verfolgten des Naziregimes – Bund der Antifaschisten und Studienkreis deutscher Widerstand 1933–1945 (Hrsg.): ''Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser zu Stätten des Widerstandes und der Verfolgung 1933–1945.'' (= ''Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser'', Band 8 – Thüringen.) Erfurt 2003, {{ISBN|3-88864-343-0}}, S. 166.&lt;/ref&gt;

12 Abriil 1945 Artern waxaa qabsaday [[US Army|Ciidanka Maraykanka]], iyo bishii Luulyo ee isla sanadkaas oo uu qabsaday [[Red Army|Ciidanka Cas]]. Tan waxa ay ka dhigtay qayb ka mid ah [[Soviet occupation zone|aagga qabsashada Soofiyeeti]] iyo ka dib [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]].
[[File:Kyffhäuserhütte Artern.JPG|thumb|Warshaddii hore ee mashiinka Kyffhäuserhütte]]
[[File:Saline Artern.JPG|thumb|Warshaddii hore ee saline]]

=== Dadweynaha Taariikhiga ah ===
''Laga soo bilaabo 1960 laga bilaabo 31 Diseembar''
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |
* 1612: 242 qoys
* 1831: 2640
* 1890: 4790
* 1933: 5889
* 1939: 6366
* 1960: 7296
* 1989: 7280
* 1994: 7064
* 1995: 7269
* 1996: 7157
* 1997: 7069
* 1998: 7067
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |
* 2000: 6848
* 2001: 6732
* 2002: 6580
* 2003: 6424
* 2004: 6344
* 2005: 6201
* 2006: 6165
* 2007: 5970
* 2008: 5867
* 2009: 5824
* 2010: 5715
* 2011: 5742
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; |
* 2012: 5707
* 2013: 5658
* 2014: 5553
* 2015: 5590
* 2016: 5530
|}
:&lt;small&gt; Xogta tan iyo 1994: Xafiiska Tirakoobka Gobolka Thüringian&lt;/small&gt;

== Cimilada ==
Artern waxay leedahay [[cold semi-arid climate|cimilada steppe qabow]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk''; [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''BSbk''), oo xuduud la leh [[oceanic climate|cimilada badweynta]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''; [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Dobk''), taas oo u gaar ah Jarmalka. Roobabka sannadlaha ah waa 481.6 mm, roobabka xagaaguna waa in ka badan labanlaab kuwa jiilaalka.

Saldhigga cimilada Artern ayaa diiwaangeliyay qiyamka xad-dhaafka ah ee soo socda:&lt;ref name=sklima/&gt;
* Heerkulkeedii ugu sarreeyay wuxuu ahaa 38.9 °C 4 Luulyo 2015.
* Heerkulkeedii ugu hooseeyay wuxuu ahaa -23.6 °C 14 Janaayo 1987 iyo 24 Febraayo 1986.
* Roobabkii ugu badnaa ee sannadlaha ah wuxuu ahaa 665.7 mm sanadkii 2007.
* Roobabkii ugu yaraa ee sannadlaha ah wuxuu ahaa 272.6 mm sanadkii 2018.
* Qorrax-soo-baxa ugu dheer sannadlaha wuxuu ahaa 2,033.6 saacadood 2003.
* Qorrax-soo-baxa ugu gaaban sannadlaha wuxuu ahaa 1,194.1 saacadood 1977.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Artern (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1954–present)	
|metric first = Y	
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 15.3
|Feb record high C = 18.4
|Mar record high C = 24.8
|Apr record high C = 31.0
|May record high C = 32.4
|Jun record high C = 37.2
|Jul record high C = 38.9
|Aug record high C = 37.9
|Sep record high C = 33.3
|Oct record high C = 27.3
|Nov record high C = 21.8
|Dec record high C = 17.1
|year record high C = 38.9
|Jan avg record high C = 11.0
|Feb avg record high C = 13.1
|Mar avg record high C = 18.4
|Apr avg record high C = 23.6
|May avg record high C = 27.8
|Jun avg record high C = 31.3
|Jul avg record high C = 33.1
|Aug avg record high C = 33.2
|Sep avg record high C = 27.5
|Oct avg record high C = 21.9
|Nov avg record high C = 15.5
|Dec avg record high C = 11.7
|year avg record high C = 35.0
|Jan high C = 3.4
|Feb high C = 5.0
|Mar high C = 9.5
|Apr high C = 15.1
|May high C = 19.2
|Jun high C = 22.6
|Jul high C = 25.1
|Aug high C = 25.0
|Sep high C = 20.1
|Oct high C = 14.1
|Nov high C = 7.8
|Dec high C = 4.2
|year high C = 14.2
|Jan mean C = 0.9
|Feb mean C = 1.7
|Mar mean C = 5.0
|Apr mean C = 9.6
|May mean C = 13.6
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jul mean C = 19.1
|Aug mean C = 18.9
|Sep mean C = 14.6
|Oct mean C = 9.7
|Nov mean C = 5.0
|Dec mean C = 1.9
|year mean C = 9.7
|Jan low C = -1.7
|Feb low C = -1.5
|Mar low C = 1.0
|Apr low C = 4.2
|May low C = 8.0
|Jun low C = 11.4
|Jul low C = 13.5
|Aug low C = 13.3
|Sep low C = 9.7
|Oct low C = 5.8
|Nov low C = 2.2
|Dec low C = -0.6
|year low C = 5.4
|Jan avg record low C = -11.3
|Feb avg record low C = -9.8
|Mar avg record low C = -5.0
|Apr avg record low C = -2.1
|May avg record low C = 1.9
|Jun avg record low C = 6.3
|Jul avg record low C = 8.8
|Aug avg record low C = 7.9
|Sep avg record low C = 4.0
|Oct avg record low C = -1.3
|Nov avg record low C = -4.4
|Dec avg record low C = -8.8
|year avg record low C = -13.4
|Jan record low C = -23.6
|Feb record low C = -23.6
|Mar record low C = -19.1
|Apr record low C = -7.2
|May record low C = -2.6
|Jun record low C = 1.2
|Jul record low C = 4.3
|Aug record low C = 4.2
|Sep record low C = 0.0
|Oct record low C = -7.2
|Nov record low C = -17.3
|Dec record low C = -24.2
|year record low C = -23.6
|precipitation colour = green	
|Jan precipitation mm = 27.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 22.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 32.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 31.4
|May precipitation mm = 59.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 46.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 67.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 49.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 33.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 36.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 33.8
|year precipitation mm = 481.6
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 15.6
|Feb precipitation days = 13.2
|Mar precipitation days = 14.4
|Apr precipitation days = 11.4
|May precipitation days = 12.8
|Jun precipitation days = 12.7
|Jul precipitation days = 13.8
|Aug precipitation days = 12.5
|Sep precipitation days = 11.7
|Oct precipitation days = 14.1
|Nov precipitation days = 14.9
|Dec precipitation days = 16.2
|year precipitation days = 162.9
|Jan snow depth cm = 6.3
|Feb snow depth cm = 5.3
|Mar snow depth cm = 3.2
|Apr snow depth cm = 0.2
|May snow depth cm = 0
|Jun snow depth cm = 0
|Jul snow depth cm = 0
|Aug snow depth cm = 0
|Sep snow depth cm = 0
|Oct snow depth cm = trace
|Nov snow depth cm = 1.7
|Dec snow depth cm = 5.1
|year snow depth cm = 10.6
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
|Jan snow days = 8.2
|Feb snow days = 7.3
|Mar snow days = 2.6
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 1.4
|Dec snow days = 5.4
|year snow days = 28.6
|Jan sun = 54.6
|Feb sun = 76.8
|Mar sun = 124.6
|Apr sun = 184.4
|May sun = 220.3
|Jun sun = 221.2
|Jul sun = 222.6
|Aug sun = 210.0
|Sep sun = 155.8
|Oct sun = 103.9
|Nov sun = 51.5
|Dec sun = 43.5
|year sun = 1669.5
|humidity colour = green
|Jan humidity = 85.0
|Feb humidity = 81.3
|Mar humidity = 76.1
|Apr humidity = 69.1
|May humidity = 70.8
|Jun humidity = 70.6
|Jul humidity = 68.4
|Aug humidity = 68.0
|Sep humidity = 75.0
|Oct humidity = 82.6
|Nov humidity = 87.2
|Dec humidity = 86.8
|year humidity =
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]&lt;ref name=NOAA&gt;{{cite web
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230914163313/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Artern_10460.csv
|archive-date = 14 September 2023
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Artern_10460.csv
|title = Artern Climate Normals 1991–2020
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|access-date = 15 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] / SKlima.de&lt;ref name=sklima&gt;{{cite web 
|url = http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2
|title = Monatsauswertung 
|website = sklima.de 
|publisher = SKlima 
|language = de 
|access-date = 13 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ==
Magaaladu waxay leedahay saddex [[sister cities|magaalo mataano]]:
* [[Einbeck]] ee [[Niedersachsen]] (tan iyo 2 Luulyo 1990)
* [[Topoľčany]] ee [[Slovakia]] (tan iyo 1982, dib loo cusboonaysiiyay 2 Oktoobar 1992)
* [[Mazingarbe]] ee [[France]] (tan iyo 11 May 1996)

== Dadka caanka ah ==
* [[John Christopher Kunze]] (1744-1807), Pietist iyo mishiinari injiilka&lt;ref name=&quot;Marquis 1607–1896&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | location=Chicago |  year = 1963}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Richard Ungewitter]] (1869-1959), qabanqaabiyihii hore ee dhaqdhaqaaqa qaawanaanta
* [[Johanna Schaller]], ka dib Johanna Klier (dhashay 1952), orodyahankii hore ee caqabadaha Jarmalka Bari iyo guuleystaha dahabka Olympic-ga

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*{{commons category-inline}}
* {{in lang|de}} {{Official website}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2006-0013, Luftbild Artern.jpg|thumb|left|Sawir hawada sare ee Artern, qiyaastii 1940]]


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|image_coa            = DEU Artlenburg COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|22|31|N|10|29|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Artlenburg in LG.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Lüneburg
|Samtgemeinde      = Scharnebeck
|elevation              = 4
|area            = 11.85
|postal_code               = 21380
|area_code           = 04139
|licence               = LG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 003
|website           = [http://www.scharnebeck.de/ Website der Samtgemeinde]
|mayor     = Rolf Twesten
|party            = CDU
|image_photo      = RK 1504 0210 Artlenburg.jpg
|imagesize        = 
|image_caption    = Artlenburg
}}

'''Artlenburg''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Lüneburg (district)|degmada Lüneburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Artlenburg waxay leedahay bed dhan 11.85 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; iyo dad tiradoodu tahay 1,619 (ilaa 31 Diseembar 2007).

== Tixraacyo ==
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    <title>Arzbach</title>
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|image_coa             = DEU Arzbach COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|22|48|N|7|45|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_photo        = ArzbachPanorama2.jpg
|image_plan = Arzbach in EMS.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Bad Ems-Nassau
|elevation               = 200
|area             = 9.93
|postal_code                = 56337
|area_code            = 02603
|licence                = EMS, DIZ, GOH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 201
|website           = [https://www.arzbach.de/ www.arzbach.de]
|mayor             = Claus Eschenauer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             =
}}

'''Arzbach''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Lahn|degmada Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], ee galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Bad Ems-Nassau|bulshada ururka ee Bad Ems-Nassau.]]

== Tixraacyo ==
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    <title>Arzfeld</title>
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|name               = Arzfeld
|type                =
|image_photo        =Arzfeld-Pfarrkirche1-Bubo.JPG
|imagesize          =
|image_caption      =
|image_coa             = Wappen Arzfeld.png
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|5|20|N|6|16|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Arzfeld in BIT.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Arzfeld
|elevation               = 490
|area             = 19.38
|postal_code                = 54687
|area_code            = 06550
|licence                = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 201
|website           = [http://www.vg-arzfeld.de www.vg-arzfeld.de]
|mayor             = Walter Heinisch&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Arzfeld''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal [[Eifel]], meel u dhow xadka [[Luxembourg]], qiyaastii 20 km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Bitburg]] iyo 25 km koonfur-bari ee [[Sankt-Vith]].

Arzfeld waa xarunta ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmo la isku daray&quot;) ee [[Arzfeld (Verbandsgemeinde)|Arzfeld]]. [[Church of St. Luzia|Kaniisadda St. Luzia]] waxay ku taal halkan.

== Tixraacyo ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ascha</title>
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|image_coa            = Wappen von Ascha (Niederbayern).svg
|image_photo = Kirche Ascha.JPG
|image_caption = Xarunta dawladda hoose iyo Kaniisadda Assumption of the Virgin Mary
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|0|N|12|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Ascha in SR.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Niederbayern
|district         = Straubing-Bogen
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mitterfels
|elevation              = 339
|area            = 19.53
|postal_code               = 94347
|area_code           = 09961
|licence               = SR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 78 116
|website           = [http://www.ascha.de/ www.ascha.de]
|mayor             = Wolfgang Zirngibl&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
}}

'''Ascha''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʃa}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Straubing-Bogen]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
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  <page>
    <title>Aschara</title>
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| image_photo = Aschara-Kita.JPG
| image_caption = Beerta carruurta iyo kaniisadda
| image_coa = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|03|20|N|10|40|49|E|type:city(440)_region:DE-TH_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| image_plan = Bala Aschara.png
| state = 
| district = [[Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis]]
| type = Ortsteil
| Town = Bad Langensalza
| elevation = 243
| area = 8.09
| postal_code = 99947
| area_code = 03603
| population = 440
| population_as_of = 2020-12-31
| pop_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;population&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/wirtschaft/ |title=Wirtschaft – Standortinformationen |date=19 February 2020 |trans-title=Economy – location information |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bad Langensalza |access-date=2022-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mayor = Dieter Kraußlach&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/aschara/ |title=Aschara |date=19 February 2020 |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bad Langensalza |access-date=2022-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsteilbürgermeister
| website = [https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/aschara/ badlangensalza.de]
| year_of_first_mention = 786&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot; /&gt;
}}
'''Aschara''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʃaːʁaː|pron}}) waa tuulo iyo qayb ka mid ah magaalada [[Bad Langensalza]] ee [[Thuringia]], badhtamaha Jarmalka, oo leh 440 qof oo degan.&lt;ref name=&quot;population&quot; /&gt;

== Juqraafi ==
Tuuladu waxay ku taal qiyaastii 6 km koonfurta duleedka Bad Langensalza oo ku taal jiirarka koonfur-bari ee buurta ''Ascherberg'' (310 m heerka badda), oo ay weheliso durdurka ''Weißer Bach''. Tuulooyinka ugu dhow waa [[Eckardtsleben]] oo dhanka woqooyi ah, [[Burgtonna]] oo dhanka bari ah, [[Ballstädt]] oo dhanka koonfur-bari ah, [[Westhausen, Gotha|Westhausen]] oo dhanka koonfur ah, [[Wiegleben]] oo dhanka galbeed ah iyo [[Henningsleben]] oo dhanka woqooyi-galbeed ah. Xiriirada gaadiidka ayaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' (waddada federaalka) 247 ee u dhaxaysa [[Gotha]] iyo Bad Langensalza, oo ka soo baxaysa Aschara iyada oo loo sii marayo waddada baadiyaha ee 2125, iyo Burgtonna iyada oo loo sii marayo ''Ascharer Straße''. Buuraha ''Fahner Höhe'' waxay ku yaallaan qiyaastii 4 km galbeedka tuulada.

== Taariikh ==
Liiska hantida ee [[Hersfeld Abbey]], tuuladu waxay ka muuqataa deeqdii [[Charlemagne]] uu siiyay kaniisadda, taas oo la sameeyay ilaa geeridii aasaasaheeda ''Lullus'' ee 786. Sidaas darteed, Aschara waxay u dabaal-dagtay sannad-guuradeedii 1,225-aad (ugu yaraan) sannadkii 2011. Sannadkii 932, [[Henry the Fowler]] wuxuu tuulada u beddeshay hanti kale oo uu siiyay Abbot-ka Hersfeld Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beck&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |first=August |last=Beck |title=Geschichte des Gothaischen Landes |language=de |volume=3: ''Geschichte der gothaischen Landstädte, Marktflecken und Dörfer in alphabetischer Ordnung.'' Theil&amp;nbsp;1: ''Altenbergen – Mechterstedt.'' |publisher=Thienemann |publication-place=Gotha |date=1875 |url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11315147?page=27 |pages=19–25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sayidkii ''Aschare'' wuxuu tuulada siiyay Sayidkii Salza (Bad Langensalza) kuwanina (suurtagal ahaan qiyaastii 1410) waxay siiyeen Sayidkii Gleichen. Sannadkii 1634, natiijada heshiis dhaxal ah, tuulada iyo sayidnimada Tonna waxay u gudbeen baron-ka Tautenburg iyo Frauenprießnitz, geeridiisii ka dibna 1640 kii waxa ay u gudubtay tirada Waldeck. Iyada oo loo marayo deedka iibka ee 1677, Aschara waxay ku dhacday [[Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Beck&quot; /&gt;

Woqooyiga tuulada waxaa ka kaca buur, dhinaca koonfureed ee canab laga beeray xilligii dhexe, in kasta oo ay dhalasho liidato.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beck&quot; /&gt; Maanta, buurta waxaa kala qaybiyay tareenka u socda Bad Langensalza; qaybta galbeed waa ''Weinberg'' (&quot;beerta canabka&quot;), 268 m sare, oo taagan mashiinka dabaysha ee Dutch oo laga soo bilaabo 1848, iyo qaybta bari waxaa loo yaqaan ''Wartberg''.

1 Janaayo 1994, Aschara waxaa lagu daray Bad Langensalza.&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot; /&gt;

== Goobaha ==
* '''Kaniisad:''' Sida uu sheegay Beck, waxaa jiray kaniisad yar oo ka sarreysa tuulada, malaha beerta canabka, taas oo haraageedii wali la arki karayay qarnigii 18-aad. Geedka lime ayaa lagu beeray meesha. Kaniisadda, oo la dhisay ka hor [[Reformation]] (i.&amp;nbsp;e. ka hor 1517), waa in la dumiyaa 1748 sababtoo ah way burburtay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beck&quot; /&gt; Dhagaxii aasaaska ee dhismaha Kaniisadda St&amp;nbsp;Peter's waxaa la dhigay 28&amp;nbsp;May 1749. Gudaha kaniisadda, waxaa ku yaal xubin la dhisay 1751–52&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBuTJvPDwmQ |title=Orgelschätze in Thüringen: Die Nössler-Orgel in Aschara |trans-title=Organ treasures in Thuringia: The Nössler Organ in Aschara |type=Motion picture |language=de |access-date=2022-01-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; by dhisaha xubinta Johann Valentin Nößler.
* '''''Altes Backhaus''''' (&quot;Guri Dubis oo Hore&quot;): Guri [[half-timbered]] dib loo soo celiyay oo ku yaal bartamaha tuulada
* '''Iskutallaab dhagax ah''' ({{Coord |51|3|43.5|N |10|40|54.3|E |type:landmark_region:DE-TH_source:dewiki |name=Steinkreuz Aschara |display=inline}}): Qiyaastii 600 m woqooyiga tuulada, waxaa ku yaal iskutallaab dhagax ah oo qadiimi ah oo hoos timaada geed dhinaca galbeed ee waddada ee jihada Eckardtsleben. Halkan, xadka Eckardtsleben, waddo wasakh ah ayaa laamaysa dhanka galbeed. Iskutallaabta dhagaxa ah waxay sidoo kale leedahay magacyo kale oo afka ah: ''Schwedenkreuz'', ''Taternkreuz''. Magacyada goobta ayaa sidoo kale tixraacaya iskutallaabta: ''Beim Kreuzchen'', ''Totenrain''. Iskutallaabtu waxay leedahay gacmo waxyar u fidsan xagga dibadda oo leh geeso wareegsan iyo koob yar oo dusheeda ah. Asalka dhismaha lama yaqaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |first=Frank |last=Störzner |title=Steinkreuze in Thüringen. Katalog Bezirk Erfurt |language=de |series=Weimarer Monographien zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte |number=10 |issn=0232-265X |publisher=Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Thüringens |publication-place=Weimar |date=1984 |volume=10 |page=62 |url=http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-20130516-134002-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.suehnekreuz.de/ |title=Sühnekreuze und Mordsteine |language=de |website=www.suehnekreuz.de |access-date=28 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Mashiinka dabaysha ee hore''' ({{Coord |51|3|38.2|N |10|41|1.6|E |type:landmark_region:DE-TH_source:dewiki |name=Windmühle Aschara |display=inline}}): Haraaga mashiinka dabaysha ee hore waxay ku taagan yihiin ''Weinberg'' (&quot;beerta canabka&quot;), 268 m heerka badda (NN).

&lt;gallery&gt;
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-56740-0001, Aschara, erstes sozialistisches Dorf, Ortsschild.jpg|Laga soo galo Aschara 11&amp;nbsp;Luulyo 1958: &quot;Tuuladii ugu horreysay ee hantiwadaag ah ee degmada Bad Langensalza&quot;
Aschara-Kirche-2.JPG|Kaniisadda St Peter's
Aschara-Kirchentür.JPG|Iridda kaniisadda
Aschara-Backhaus.JPG|''Altes Backhaus''
Aschara Windmühle Steinkreuz.jpg|Iskutallaab dhagax ah iyo mashiinka dabaysha oo u dhow Aschara
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Dhaqaale ==
Dhaqaalaha tuuladu waa beerasho. Ganacsiyo farsamo gacmeed oo yar ayaa sidoo kale halkan ku yaal. Shirkadaha ugu waaweyn waa shirkad mashiinada beeraha iyo shirkad baabuur iyo mashiinno injineernimo. Aschara waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa warshad hilibka oo isku magac ah, taas oo u guurtay beer warshadeed cusub oo ku taal duleedka Bad Langensalza ee ''c.'' 1985.

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
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      <text bytes="1631" sha1="bg0nex0tzoi2m6a7gil4fypfjjwleox" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|name              = Aschau am Inn
|image_coa            = DEU Aschau am Inn COA.svg
|image_photo       = Aschau im Winterlicht.jpg
|image_caption     = Aschau oo xilliga jiilaalka ah
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|12|N|12|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aschau am Inn in MÜ.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberbayern
|district         = Mühldorf am Inn
|elevation              = 457
|area            = 20.76
|postal_code               = 84544
|area_code           = 08638
|licence               = MÜ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 83 113
|website           = [http://www.aschau-a-inn.de/ www.aschau-a-inn.de]
|mayor             = Christian Weyrich&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
}}

'''Aschau am Inn''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʃaʊ ʔam ˈʔɪn}}, {{lit|Aschau oo ku taal webiga [[Inn (river)|Inn]]}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Mühldorf (district)|Mühldorf]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]] oo ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii 3400 oo qof (2020). 

== Dadka caanka ah ==
* Johannes Muschol (1949–1981); xubin ka tirsan ciidamada xuduudaha ee GDR oo toogtay muwaadin Jarmal ah markii uu ka booday [[Berlin Wall]] si uu u galo dhul-dhimashada.
* [[Joseph Ratzinger]] (1927-2022), Pope Benedict XVI, wuxuu qaatay sannadihii dugsiga hoose laga bilaabo 1932 ilaa 1937 magaalada Aschau am Inn.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Ascheberg</title>
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      <text bytes="4110" sha1="7g99vm2qdnp1cwtla1krlobh60du3bn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|image_photo        = Acheberg St Lambertus Kirche.jpg
|image_caption      = Kaniisadda Saint Lambert
|image_coa             = DEU Ascheberg COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|51|47|20|N|07|37|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Ascheberg in COE.svg
|state         = 
|region   = Münster
|district              = Coesfeld
|elevation               = 60 - 120
|area             = 106.32
|postal_code                = 59387
|area_code            = 02593
|licence                = COE, LH
|Gemeindeschlüssel  = 05 5 58 004
|divisions          = Ascheberg, Davensberg, Herbern
|website            = [http://www.ascheberg.de/ www.ascheberg.de]
|mayor              = Thomas Stohldreier
|leader_term        = 2025&amp;ndash;30
|Bürgermeistertitel = Bürgermeister
|party              = CDU
}}

'''Ascheberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʃəbɛʁk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Coesfeld (district)|degmada Coesfeld]] ee gobolka [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]].
Magaalooyinka iyo degmooyinka deriska la ah Ascheberg waa (dhanka saacadda, laga bilaabo Woqooyi) magaalada [[Münster]], magaalada [[Drensteinfurt]] ([[Warendorf (district)|Degmada Warendorf]]), magaalada [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]], magaalada [[Werne]] ([[Unna (district)|Degmada Unna]], degmooyinka [[Nordkirchen]] iyo [[Senden]] (labaduba [[Coesfeld (district)|Degmada Coesfeld]])

[[File:Herbern-090726-9047.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.1|Qasriga Westerwinkel ee degmada Herbern]]

== Siyaasadda ==
Duqa magaalada ee hadda waa Thomas Stohldreier oo ka tirsan [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] kaas oo ahaa duqa magaalada tan iyo 2020. [[2025 North Rhine-Westphalia local elections|Doorashadii maxalliga ahayd ee 2025]] ayaa dib loo doortay isaga oo helay 92 % codadkii, isaga oo ahaa musharaxa kaliya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wahl des/der Bürgermeisters/in 14.09.2025 - Gemeinde Ascheberg |url=https://wahlen.citeq.de/20250914/05558004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=1000046&amp;stimmentyp=0&amp;id=ebene_3_id_3 |date=2025-09-14 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=wahlen.citeq.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Golaha magaalada ===
Doorashadii 2025 ka dib, [[Stadtrat|golaha magaalada]] Ascheberg wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidan:

{{election table}}
! colspan=2| Xisbi
! Codad
! %
! +/-
! Kuraas
! +/-
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU)
| 4,278
| 53.3
| {{increase}} 4.3
| 15
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD)
| 1,332
| 16.6
| {{decrease}} 0.1
| 5
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| 
| align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] (Grüne)
| 982
| 12.2
| {{decrease}} 1.5
| 3
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor=#0000fc| 
| align=left| Ururka Codbixiyeyaasha Madaxa Bannaan (UWG)
| 949
| 11.8
| {{increase}} 4.8
| 3
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP)
| 463
| 5.8
| {{decrease}} 0.4
| 2
| ±0
|-
| colspan=7 bgcolor=lightgrey|
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent}}| 
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Madax-bannaan]]
| 27
| 0.3
| Cusub
| 0
| Cusub
|-
! colspan=2| Codad ansax ah
! 8,031
! 97.9
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Codad aan ansax ahayn
! 170
! 2.1
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Wadarta
! 8,201
! 100.0
! 
! 30
! {{decrease}} 2
|-
! colspan=2| Tirada dadka dooran kara/ka qaybgalka doorashada
! 12,623
! 65.0
! 
! 
! 
|-
| colspan=7| Isha: [https://wahlen.citeq.de/20250914/05558004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=1000047&amp;stimmentyp=0&amp;id=ebene_3_id_3 Magaalada Ascheberg]
|}

== Ku dhashay Ascheberg ==

* Franz Falke (1909-1994), siyaasi
* [[Wolfgang Sandhowe]] (ku dhashay 1953 magaalada Ascheberg), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah, maanta tababare kubadda cagta ah
* Orhan Dönmez (ku dhashay 1972)

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah ==
* {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Buggiano]]

== Tixraacyo ==
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    <title>Ascheffel</title>
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|name              = Ascheffel&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Askfelt&lt;/small&gt;
|image_photo      =
|image_flag           = Flagge Ascheffel.png
|image_coa            = DEU Ascheffel COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|54|26|N|9|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Ascheffel in RD.png
|state        = 
|district             = Rendsburg-Eckernförde
|Amt               = Hüttener Berge
|elevation              = 6
|area            = 10.39
|postal_code               = 24358
|area_code           = 04353
|licence               = RD
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 008
|website           = {{url|http://www.amt-huettener-berge.de/}}
|mayor     = Günter Petersen
|party            =
}}

'''Ascheffel''' ({{langx|da|Askfelt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]].

Goobta Ascheffel waxay dhacdaa koonfurta degmada [[Hummelfeld]], waqooyiga [[Ahlefeld-Bistensee]], iyo bariga [[Brekendorf]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Aschersleben</title>
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|type              = Stadt
|image_photo       = Rondellblick.ASL.JPG
|image_caption     = Muuqaalka laga soo bilaabo Rondell ilaa Kaniisadda St.Stephan
|image_coa         = DEU Aschersleben COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|45|N|11|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Aschersleben in SLK.png
|state             = 
|district          = Salzlandkreis
|elevation         = 114
|area              = 156.31
|postal_code       = 06449
|area_code         = 03473
|licence           = SLK, ASL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 89 015
|divisions         = 6 
|website           = {{URL|http://www.aschersleben.de/}} {{in lang|de}}
|mayor             = Steffen Amme&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], waxaa la helay 10 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2022&amp;ndash;29
|party             = 
}}

'''Aschersleben''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʃɐsleːbn̩|-|De-Aschersleben.ogg}}) waa [[magaalo]] ku taal degmada [[Salzlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 22&amp;nbsp;km dhanka bari ee [[Quedlinburg]], iyo 45&amp;nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Halle (Saale)]].

== Juqraafi ==
Aschersleben waxay ku taallaa meel u dhow isku darka webiyada [[Eine (river)|Eine]] iyo [[Wipper (Saale)|Wipper]]. Magaalada Aschersleben waxay ka kooban tahay Aschersleben lafteeda iyo qaybaha soo socda ee maamulka ama ''Ortschaften'':&lt;ref name=Hauptsatzung&gt;[https://www.aschersleben.de/cms/fileadmin/b%C3%BCrgerservice/ortsrecht_satzungen/verwaltungsinterne_satzungen/Hauptsatzung_mit_1._AEnderung.pdf Hauptsatzung der Stadt Aschersleben], Abriil 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Drohndorf]]
*[[Freckleben]]
*[[Groß Schierstedt]]
*Klein Schierstedt
*[[Mehringen]]
*[[Neu Königsaue]]
*[[Schackenthal]]
*[[Schackstedt]]
*[[Westdorf]]
*Wilsleben
*Winningen
{{div col end}}

== Taariikh ==

=== Qarnigii 20-aad ka hor ===
Aschersleben waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay sannadkii 753, taas oo ka dhigaysa magaalada ugu da'da weyn Saxony-Anhalt. Magaca [[Latin]] ee qalcadda magaalada, ''Ascharia'', ayaa bixiyay magaca [[House of Ascania]]. Waxay heshay heerka degmo sannadkii 1266 waxayna gaartay xaq ay ku dhisato gidaarka magaalada oo leh munaaradaha difaaca sannadkii 1322.&lt;ref&gt;{{interlanguage link|Matthias Puhle|de}}: ''Die Hanse - 16 Städtebilder aus Sachsen-Anhalt'', p.17. Dössel (Saalekreis) 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Ku dhawaad gidaarka magaalada oo dhan ee xilligii dhexe waa mid si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay waxaana weli la booqan karaa 15 munaaradood maanta. Laga bilaabo 1252&amp;ndash;1315 Aschersleben waxay ahayd caasimadda [[Anhalt-Aschersleben]], ka dib markii ay u gudubtay [[Bishopric of Halberstadt]]. Sannadkii 1426 Aschersleben waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Hanseatic League]] taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay ganacsiga hop-ka, waxaana bilaabmay barwaaqo dhaqaale.&lt;ref&gt;{{interlanguage link|Matthias Puhle|de}}: ''Die Hanse - 16 Städtebilder aus Sachsen-Anhalt'', p.18. Dössel (Saalekreis) 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Carrada ku xeeran Aschersleben waxay ahayd mid aad u wanaagsan beerashada hop-ka, waxaana loo dhisay suuq gaar ah (''Hopfenmarkt'', Suuqa Hop-ka) ganacsiga hop-ka. Bartamaha Aschersleben meel la yiraahdo ''Hopfenmarkt'' ayaa weli jirta maanta. Ka dib [[Peace of Westphalia]] ee 1648, waxay qayb ka noqotay [[Principality of Halberstadt]]. Aschersleben waxay qayb ka noqotay [[Prussia]]n [[Province of Saxony]] sannadkii 1815.

=== Jarmalkii Naasiyiinta ===
Xarun wax soo saar oo fuselage ah oo [[Junkers (aircraft)|Junkers]] ah ayaa ku tiil Aschersleben intii lagu jiray waqtigii [[Nazi Germany]]. Abriil 1935 qalabka ayaa loo wareejiyay Aschersleben, bishii Maajo 1935 fuselages-kii ugu horreeyay ayaa lagu dhisay halkaas. Xaruntu waxay ku taallay Wilslebener Strasse 9 meel u dhow waxa loogu yeero Seewiesen, halkaas oo sidoo kale laga dhisay garoon diyaaradeed. Aagga dukaanka Aschersleben wuxuu gaaray 564,000 mitir oo labajibbaaran waxaana halkaas ka shaqeeynayay ku dhawaad 6,000 oo qof.

Intii lagu jiray [[World War II]], xero hoosaad ka tirsan [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] ayaa ku tiil magaalada. Waxaa loo aasaasay si ay u bixiso [[slave labour]] (shaqo qasab ah) ee Junkers (diyaaradaha) iyo Motorenwerk (baabuurta).&lt;ref&gt;Edward Victor. ''Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps.'' {{cite web |url=http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List%20of%20camps.htm |title=List of Camps |access-date=2008-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216205741/http://edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List%20of%20Camps.htm |archive-date=2010-12-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Aschersleben waxay soo gaartay burbur weyn oo bambooyin ah intii u dhaxaysay 1940 iyo 1945, gaar ahaan 31 Maarso 1945 markii saldhigga tareenka, warshado dhowr ah iyo aagga deganaanshaha ''Johannisvorstadt'' la burburiyay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/angriffe-in-der-region-570893 | title=Angriffe in der Region }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ku dhawaad 20% magaalada ayaa la burburiyay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.mdr.de/staticapps/1945/?land=sachsenanhalt | title=1945 – UNSERE STÄDTE: Von der Zerstörung zum Wiederaufbau }}&lt;/ref&gt; intii lagu jiray sagaal duqayn oo xagga hawada ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.mdr.de/staticapps/1945/ | title=1945 – UNSERE STÄDTE: Von der Zerstörung zum Wiederaufbau }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laga bilaabo Luulyo 1944, ku dhawaad 950 maxaabiis KZ ah ayaa lagu qasbay inay ka shaqeeyaan Junkers Flugzeugwerke ee Aschersleben. Abriil 1945, wax soo saarka waa la joojiyay. 17 Abriil ciidamada Maraykanka ayaa qabsaday Aschersleben, laakiin 23 Maajo magaalada waxaa loo dhiibay ciidamada Ingiriiska iyo 1 Luulyo, ugu dambayntii waxaa loo dhiibay Soofiyeeti.

{{anchor|Allied air attacks}}Aschersleben waxaa la duqeeyay taariikhahan soo socda intii lagu jiray dagaalka:&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.radio-hbw.de/neu_regionalportal/geschichte/asl_jahre_1941-1945.htm | title=Aschersleben }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1 Abriil 1942 weerarkii bambo ee ugu horreeyay ee Ingiriiska
*16 Janaayo 1945
*14 Febraayo 1945
*20 Febraayo 1944 weerarkii maalintii ee Maraykanka, bartilmaameedkii wuu guuldaraystay sababo la xiriira cimilada oo daruuro ahayd
*27 Febraayo 1945
*20 Maarso 1945
*31 Maarso 1945, in ka badan 80 qof ayaa naftooda waayay&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
*11 Abriil 1945, 17 qof ayaa naftooda waayay cisbitaalka kaas oo si weyn u burburay bambooyin, iyo 22 ayaa dhintay markii guri ku yaal Blumenstraße ay ku dhaceen bambooyin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.radio-hbw.de/neu_regionalportal/geschichte/asl_verstaerktes_angriffsziel.htm | title=Aschersleben }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*14 Abriil 1945

Dhamaadkii Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Junkers-Aschersleben waxay u badnayd mid dhan, wax soo saarkuna wuxuu u beddelayay wax soo saarka diyaaradda dagaalka ee jet-ka [[Heinkel He 162]]. Inta badan qalabka waxaa la kala furfuray oo loo wareejiyay [[Kiev]] ee [[Midowga Soofiyeeti]] by Soofiyeeti sannadkii 1946. Dhismaha xaruntii hartay ee Aschersleben ayaa markii dambe waxaa isticmaalay VEB Kombinat Fritz Heckert. Maanta aagga waxaa isticmaala Schiess AG.

=== 1945-tii ka dib ===
Aschersleben waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Bariga Jarmalka]] ilaa 1990, markii ay qayb ka noqotay Saxony-Anhalt intii lagu jiray [[Midowga Jarmalka]]. 1 Janaayo 2008, degmooyinkii hore ee [[Drohndorf]], [[Freckleben]] iyo [[Mehringen]] ayaa lagu daray Aschersleben.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2008.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01.01. bis 31.12.2008], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]&lt;/ref&gt; 1 Janaayo 2009, degmooyinkii hore ee [[Groß Schierstedt]], [[Neu Königsaue]], [[Schackenthal]] iyo [[Westdorf]] ayaa la liqay, waxaana la kala diray ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' [[Aschersleben/Land]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-inklusive-umstellung-januar.html Gebietsänderungen am 01.01.2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]&lt;/ref&gt; 1 Janaayo 2010 [[Schackstedt]] ayaa lagu daray.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha iyo Goobaha Dalxiiska ==
[[File:Aschersleben 02.jpg|thumb|{{ill|John's city gate tower (Aschersleben)|de|Johannisturm (Aschersleben)|lt=Tower of former Johannis Gate}}]]
[[File:Aschersleben, Rathaus.jpg|thumb|Town Hall]]
Dhowr qaab oo dhismeed ayaa laga matalay Aschersleben. Xarunta taariikhiga ah waxaa ku badan [[Romanesque architecture|romanesque]] (''Grauer Hof''), [[Gothic architecture|gothic]] (St. Stephani Church), [[Renaissance architecture|renaissance]] (Town hall, ''Krukmannsches Haus'') iyo [[baroque architecture]].

Waxaa jira giraan dhismayaal ah oo ah qaabka [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] iyo [[Jugendstil]] hareeraha Xaruntii hore ee Taariikhiga ahayd. Tani, iyaduna, waxaa ku hareeraysan oo lagu dhex milmay dhismayaal hore [[modernism]] sida Heckner-Bauten iyo dhismayaal ka socda xilligii [[Bariga Jarmalka|GDR]]. Aagagga waaweyn ee cusub waxay inta badan ku yaallaan waqooyiga iyo koonfur-bari ee magaalada.

Aschersleben waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka Jarmalka ee yar ee muujinaya qaybo waaweyn (1.8&amp;nbsp;km) oo ka mid ah gidaarka magaalada ee xilligii dhexe (markii hore 2.2&amp;nbsp;km) oo la ilaaliyay qarniyo badan, in kasta oo inta badan lagu dhex daray dhismayaal degitaan oo dambe. Gidaarka magaalada wuxuu qeexayaa giraan socodka hareeraha Xaruntii hore ee Taariikhiga ahayd. Markii hore waxaa jiray shan irridood oo ku yaal gidaarka magaalada, laakiin dhammaantood marka laga reebo mid (Johannistor) ayaa la dumiyay qarnigii 19-aad.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{interlanguage link|Matthias Puhle|de}}: ''Die Hanse - 16 Städtebilder aus Sachsen-Anhalt'', p.16. Dössel (Saalekreis) 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Munaarado dhowr ah ayaa sidoo kale la dumiyay, laakiin 51 munaaradood iyo bastiinooyin waxaa weli jira 15. Kown iyo tobanka munaaradood ee la booqan karo waa kuwan soo socda:&lt;ref&gt;Touristinformation Aschersleben: ''Stadtbefestigungsroute'', p. 4 - 8. Aschersleben 2017&lt;/ref&gt;
*Johannistorturm (la dhisay 1380, 42 mitir) oo ka sarreeya Johannis Gate
*Turm am Marsfeld (1443, 26 mitir) kaas oo la kori karo inta lagu jiro safarada la hago
*Liebenwahnscher Turm (1442, 27 mitir) kaas oo ka sarreeyay Liebenwahnsches Gate (la dumiyay 1831)
*Rondell (1507, dhexroor cabbiraya 17 mitir)
*Stumpfer Turm (1440, 23 mitir) kaas oo la kori karo inta lagu jiro safarada la hago
*Spitze Bastion (1467) kaas oo loo isticmaalay xabsi muddo
*Große Schale (1436, 12 mitir, dhexroor ah 8.5 mitir, oo leh 12 god oo loop-holes ah)
*Schale an der Luisenpromenade (1442, 16 mitir)
*Zwinger (1461)
*Rabenturm (1442, 31 mitir, oo leh 21 god oo loop-holes ah) kaas oo la kori karo inta lagu jiro safarada la hago
*Schmaler Heinrich (1442, saldhig aad u yar oo cabbiraya 6x6 mitir) kaas oo la kori karo inta lagu jiro safarada la hago

St. Stephani Church waa kaniisad Protestant ah oo la dhisay qarnigii 14-aad qaab [[Gothic architecture|gothic]] ah oo leh saddex naves. Waxay ku dhowdahay Town Hall oo laga soo bilaabo 1517 kaas oo daaqadaha oriel-ka iyo baalasha kala duwan lagu daray qarniyadii 19-aad iyo 20-aad.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;

St. Margarethen Church waa kaniisad Roman Catholic ah oo la dhisay qiyaastii 1100 waxaana lagu xusay dukumenti 1303 markii ugu horreysay. 1410 way gubatay mana dib loo dhisin ka hor 1586. Saxanka baabtiiskeedu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa 1587.&lt;ref&gt;{{interlanguage link|Matthias Puhle|de}}: ''Die Hanse - 16 Städtebilder aus Sachsen-Anhalt'', p.19. Dössel (Saalekreis) 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaan ''Marktkirche (Market Church)'' ama ''Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche (Church of the Holy Cross)''

Waxaa jira dhismayaal yar [[half-timbered]] oo ku yaal magaaladii hore ee Aschersleben. Sababaha tan ayaa ah helitaanka qalab dhagax wanaagsan iyo maqnaanshaha kaymo waaweyn oo ku dhow, iyo sidoo kale dabab badan ka hor qarnigii 16-aad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira dhismayaal badan, kuwaas oo qayb ahaan ah half-timbered, badanaa dabaqyada sare. Mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu da'da weyn waa ''Lederer Bräustübl'', warshad khamri hore oo la dhisay 1512 oo la ballaariyay 1600 markii [[renaissance]] [[oriel window]] oo leh xardho dhagax ah lagu daray.&lt;ref&gt;Information board in front of the house&lt;/ref&gt; ''Grauer Hof'' laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 12-aad waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay guriga ugu da'da weyn magaalada, iyo ''Krukmannsches Haus'' waa guri renaissance ah oo la dhisay 1572 dabaqa sare ee half-timbered kaas oo lagu daray dambe.&lt;ref&gt;{{interlanguage link|Matthias Puhle|de}}: ''Die Hanse - 16 Städtebilder aus Sachsen-Anhalt'', p.21. Dössel (Saalekreis) 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

Mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu xiisaha badan waa ''Kuntzebrunnen'' laga soo bilaabo 1904 kaas oo ka kooban tiir sandstone ah, saddex candelabrums, afar libaax iyo afar weel. Waxaa ku deeqay milkiilayaasha warshad saabuun, Gustav Carl Kuntze (1852–1923) iyo walaalkiis Emil Robert Kuntze (1860–1930) oo ku noolaa waddada halkaas oo la dhisay.&lt;ref&gt;Frank Reisberger: ''Riesiger Seifenstöpsel'', Ascherslebener Stadtgeschichte, 16 Jan. 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Meesha loogu magac daray irrid magaalo oo dhexe oo la dumiyay waxaa loo yaqaan &quot;Vor dem Hohen Tor&quot;.

== Beeraha ==
''Herrenbreite'' waa beerta ugu weyn ee bartamaha magaalada. Waxaa la dhigay qarnigii 15-aad sida garoonka toogashada waxaana dib loo habeeyay 2010 markii Landesgartenschau Exhibition uu ka dhacay Saxony Anhalt.&lt;ref&gt;Information board in the park&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira ilo kala duwan, farshaxanno iyo xusuus-qoryo ku yaal beerta. Farshaxanka ugu caansan waa ''Moon Sculpture'' laga soo bilaabo 2010.

== Magaalooyinka Mataanaha ah ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Aschersleben waa [[Sister city|mataan]] leh:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte von Aschersleben|url=https://www.aschersleben.de/cms/index.php?id=238&amp;type=category|website=aschersleben.de|publisher=Aschersleben|language=de|access-date=2021-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kerava]], Finland
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Peine]], Jarmalka
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Trenčianske Teplice]], Slovakia

== Dadka caanka ah ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Adam-Olearius.jpg|[[Adam Olearius]]
File:Gottorper Globus 01.JPG|[[Globe of Gottorf]]
File:Aschersleben 02.jpg| {{ill|John's city gate tower (Aschersleben)|de|Johannisturm (Aschersleben)|lt=John's city gate tower}} oo leh taalada Olearius oo la furay 2010 meel u dhow goobta uu ku dhashay.&lt;ref name=&quot;автоссылка1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://salzlaenderkulturstempel.de/stempeldetails/?stempel_nr=4|title=Stempeldetails – Salzländer Kulturstempel|lang=de-DE|access-date=2024-10-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
File:Aschersleben, Adam Olearius (Göbel).jpg|taalada [[Adam Olearius]]
File:Aschersleben Johannispromenade Inschrift Adam Olearius am Johannistor ShiftN.jpg|Taariikh nololeed gaaban oo ku saabsan Olearius
&lt;/gallery&gt;

*[[Adam Olearius]] (1599–1671), [[polymath]], qoraa iyo dublamaasi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Oelschläger, Adam|volume=20|page=13|last=Beazley |first=Charles Raymond |authorlink=Raymond Beazley|short=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu laba jeer u safray Muscovy ([[Russian Tsardom]]), markii labaad jidka loo maro [[Persia]], wuxuuna daabacay xisaabtiisa safarka kaas oo noqday il macluumaad muhiim ah oo u ah taariikhyahanada. Wuxuu naqshadeeyay qaabka ugu weyn adduunka ee Dunida — [[Globe of Gottorf]], kaas oo la siiyay boqorkii Ruushka waxaana lagu soo bandhigay matxafkii ugu horreeyay ee Ruushka — [[Kunstkamera|Kunstkammer]] ee [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]; dusha sare ee gudaha ee globe-ka wuxuu muujinayaa khariidad xiddigo ah waxaana arki kara dadka kor u fuula iyagoo maraya albaab. Taalada Aschersleben ee Olearius waa taalada naxaasta ah ee 2-mitir oo dherer ah oo korka ka saaran qayb ka mid ah gidaarka magaalada oo ku xiga munaaradda irridda John. Taalada hoosteeda waxaa ku yaal guddiga xusuusta naxaasta ah oo liis garaynaya dhibco qaar ka mid ah taariikh nololeedkiisa: sannadaha dhalashada iyo dhimashada, xaaladda maktabadda maxkamadda iyo xisaabiyaha, sannadaha {{ill|Beschreibung der Muscowitischen und Persischen Reise|ru|Описание путешествия в Московию|lt=safarka}} iyo samaynta Globe of Gottorf.
*[[Johann Esaias Silberschlag]] (1721–1791), culumo iyo saynisyahan
[[File:GoezeJAE.jpg|thumb|150px|Johann August Ephraim Goeze c. 1780]]
*[[Johann August Ephraim Goeze]] (1731–1793), xoolo-yaqaan
*[[Franz Körte]] (1782–1845), saynisyahan dabiici ah iyo beeraha
*[[Wilhelm Friedrich Wieprecht]] (1802–1872), laxamiiste.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Wieprecht, Wilhelm Friedrich |volume= 28 | page = 623 |short=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Rudolf Christian Böttger]] (1806–1881), kiimiko aan dabiici ahayn 
*[[Martin Benno Schmidt|Martin Schmidt]] (1863–1947), juqraafiga iyo cilmiga lafaha
*[[Robert Leffler]] (1866–1940), aktar iyo heesaa
*[[Anna Muthesius]] (1870-1961), naqshadeeye moodada, heesaa iyo qoraa 
*[[Gerd von Rundstedt]] (1875–1953), Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka guud, field marshal
*Richard Schoenfeld (1884–1956), farshaxan iyo rinjiile
*[[Theodor Osterkamp]] (1892–1975), duuliye Navy Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka I, Luftwaffe Commodore Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka II
*[[Walter Andreas Schwarz]] (1913–1992), heesaa, qoraa, majaajiliste, raadiyaha iyo turjumaan
*[[Lilo Ramdohr]] (1913–2013), xubin ka tirsan kooxda ka hortagga fashistaha [[White Rose]].
*[[Ernst Klodwig]] (1903–1973), Formula 1 darawal
*[[Helmut Stein]] (dhashay 1942), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta
*[[Hugo Sasse]] (dhashay 2004), darawal tartanka

[[Wendell Lewis Willkie]] (1892–1944) wuxuu ahaa musharaxa Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (GOP) ee [[1940 United States presidential election|1940 doorashada madaxweynaha]]. Ku dhashay Lewis Wendell Willkie ee Elwood, Indiana, wuxuu ahaa wiilka Herman Willkie, oo ahaa muhaajir Jarmal ah oo ka yimid Aschersleben.

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
AscherslebenMarktStephanikirche.jpg|Suuqa, Kaniisadda St. Stephani
Aschersleben Margarethenkirchhof Margarethenkirche 01.jpg|Kaniisadda St. Margarethen
AscherslebenHopfenmarkt.jpg|Suuqii Hop-ka hore
TurmamMarsfeld.JPG|Marsfeld munaaradda
Johannisturm.ASL.JPG|Johannisturm
Krukmannsches Haus.JPG|Krukmannsches Haus
File:AscherslebenLedererBräustübl.jpg|Lederer Bräustübl House
AscherslebenBrunnenVorDemHohenTor.jpg|Fountain Kuntzebrunnen
AscherslebenHerrenbreiteMond.jpg | Moon Sculpture in Herrenbreite Park
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Aschersleben}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Aschersleben |volume= 2 | page = 722 |short=1}}
*{{Official website|http://www.aschersleben.de}} {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.fotochronik-aschersleben.de Bogga sawirka gaarka ah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411181023/http://fotochronik-aschersleben.de/ |date=2021-04-11 }} {{in lang|de}}


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  <page>
    <title>Aschheim</title>
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      <text bytes="3710" sha1="dc04slji6yyjmuea9slxc51cjxkvfd1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa = DEU Aschheim COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|48|10|24|N|11|43|04|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aschheim in M.svg
|image_photo       = Aschheim-Rathaus.jpg
|image_caption     = Xarunta magaalada
|state = 
|region = Oberbayern
|district = Munich
|elevation = 512
|area = 28.05
|postal_code = 85609
|area_code = 089
|licence = M
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 84 112
|divisions = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website = [https://www.aschheim.de/ www.aschheim.de]
|mayor = Thomas Glashauser&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party = CSU
}}

'''Aschheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʃhaɪm}}) waa magaalo yar iyo [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Munich (district)|Munich]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa meel ka baxsan duleedka waqooyi-bari ee [[Munich]].

Aschheim waa goobta jidka imtixaanka ee [[BMW]] oo uu soo saaraha furay 1972,&lt;ref name=Autocar197205&gt;{{cite journal| authorlink = Edward Eves| title = All systems go at Munich| journal = [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] | volume =   136 (nbr 3971)| pages =  44 |date =  25 May 1972}}&lt;/ref&gt; sidoo kalena waxay leedahay naadi golf, oo la aasaasay 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.1golf.eu/club/golfpark-muenchen-aschheim-gmbh-co-kg/|title=Golfpark München Aschheim GmbH &amp; Co. KG|publisher=1golf.eu|accessdate=8 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
Magaca &quot;Aschheim&quot; waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 756/757 magaca &quot;ascheim&quot;. Intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee [[Bavaria]] inta u dhaxaysay 1808 iyo 1818, Aschheim iyo Dornach waxay noqdeen bulshooyin siyaasadeed oo madax-bannaan. Dugsiga Dhexe ee Aschheim waxaa la dhammaystiray 1813, waxaana la dhisay dhisme ka weyn 1905. Sannadkii 1835, boqorkii Bavaria wuxuu siiyay Aschheim qalcado ahaan markii ugu dambaysay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aschheim.de/index.php?id=391&amp;type=98|title=Mittelalter &amp; Neuzeit|publisher=Aschheim.de|language=German|accessdate=8 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075347/https://www.aschheim.de/index.php?id=391&amp;type=98|archive-date=11 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sannadkii 1929 [[Ismaning Reservoir]] waxaa laga dhisay waqooyiga Aschheim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://formulare.landkreis-muenchen.de/cdm/cfs/eject/gen?MANDANTID=1&amp;FORMID=4103|title=Infoblatt: Ramsar-Gebiet Ismaninger Speichersee mit Fischteichen|publisher=Landratsamt München|accessdate=8 February 2017|language=German|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304140028/http://formulare.landkreis-muenchen.de/cdm/cfs/eject/gen?MANDANTID=1&amp;FORMID=4103|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1 Maajo 1978, Aschheim iyo Dornach waxaa lagu midoobay si ay u sameeyaan degmada Aschheim intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka dheeraadka ah.

== Dadka caanka ah ==
*[[Patrick Bussler]] (dhashay 1984), snowboarder

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah ==
Aschheim waa [[town twinning|mataan]] leh:

* {{flagicon|France}} [[Mougins]], Faransiiska
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Leros]], Giriiga
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Jedovnice]], Jamhuuriyadda Czech
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Kotvrdovice]], Jamhuuriyadda Czech

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Akhris dheeraad ah ==
*[https://www.bayern.de/buergerservice/buergerbeauftragter/ Bürgerbeauftragter] (Jarmal)
*[https://www.aschheim.de/rathaus-buergerservice/gemeinderat/buergerinformationssystem-bis Bürgerinformationssystem] (Jarmal)
*[https://paultrans.de/ Paultrans Umzüge] (Jarmal)

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    <title>Asendorf</title>
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      <text bytes="953" sha1="se5w9u9utprj7wjfw46sdk1cjhiavme" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|name              = Asendorf
|image_coa            = Wappen Asendorf.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|46|21|N|09|00|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Asendorf in DH.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Diepholz
|Samtgemeinde      = Bruchhausen-Vilsen
|elevation              = 49
|area            = 58.24
|postal_code               = 27330
|area_code           = 04253
|licence               = DH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 51 002
|website           = [http://www.asendorf.info/ www.asendorf.info]
|mayor     = Wolfgang Heere
}}

'''Asendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːzn̩dɔʁf}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Diepholz (district)|degmada Diepholz]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]].

Asendorf waxay sidoo kale aad ugu caan tahay tareenka matxafka ee ugu horreeyay Jarmalka (Museumseisenbahn). Wadada tareenkan waxay u dhexaysaa Asendorf iyo Bruchhausen-Vilsen.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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|type               = Stadt
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = DEU Asperg COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|54|N|9|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Asperg im Landkreis Ludwigsburg.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Stuttgart
|district         = Ludwigsburg
|elevation              = 270
|area            = 5.8
|postal_code               = 71673–71679
|area_code           = 07141
|licence               = LB
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 18 003
|website           = {{URL|http://www.asperg.de/}}
}}

'''Asperg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaspɛʁk|-|De-Asperg.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Ludwigsburg (district)|Ludwigsburg]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Bundesarchiv R 165 Bild-244-48, Asperg, Deportation von Sinti und Roma.jpg|thumbnail|left|350px|Dad rayid ah oo [[Romani people|Romani]] ah oo ku sugan Asperg kuwaas oo ay soo aruuriyeen maamulka [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] si loo masaafuriyo 22 Maajo 1940, taas oo qayb ka ahayd [[Romani genocide]].]]
Asperg waxaa aasaasay [[County Palatine of Tübingen]], oo gurigooda xukumaya ay lahaayeen wiil la odhan jiray Asperg, agagaarka qalcaddii hore u jirtay. Magaalada iyo qalcadda waxaa loo iibiyay [[County of Württemberg]] sannadkii 1308, kuwaas oo siiyay Asperg [[German town law|xuquuqda magaalada]]. Sannadkii 1510, [[Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg]] wuxuu siiyay Asperg sharcigii magaalada ee [[Tübingen]], magaaladuna waxay haysatay ilaa 1715.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW&gt;{{cite web|title=Asperg|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/876/Asperg|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=31 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafi ==
Magaalada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Stadt]]'') ee Asperg waxay dabooshaa {{convert|5.38|km2|sp=us}} oo ka mid ah [[Ludwigsburg (district)|degmada]] [[Ludwigsburg]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], oo ka mid ah 16-ka Gobol ee [[States of Germany|Gobolada]] [[Federal Republic of Germany]]. Asperg waxay jir ahaan ku taal {{ill|Neckar basin|de|Neckarbecken|lt=dhibka}} ee webiga [[Neckar]]. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmadu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa meel hoose oo ah {{convert|241|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ilaa meel sare oo ah {{convert|352|m|sp=us}} NN.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

== Siyaasadda ==
Asperg waxay leedahay hal degmo, Asperg, iyo lix tuulo: Altach, Hohenasperg, Lehenfeld, Osterholz, Schöckinger, iyo Silberhälden. [[abandoned village]]-ka Weihenberg wuxuu sidoo kale ku yaal aagga degmada.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

=== Astaanta magaalada ===
[[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] Asperg waxay muujinaysaa geed aspen [[Vert (heraldry)|cagaaran]] ah oo ka baxaya buur cagaaran, [[Mount (heraldry)|saddex-geesood ah]] waxaana hareeraha ka xiga laba {{ill|Hirschstange|de|lt=stag antlers}} oo [[Sable (heraldry)|madow]] ah. Geedka aspen wuxuu tixraacayaa magaca &quot;Asperg&quot;, halka geesaha laga soo qaatay [[coat of arms of Württemberg]] waxayna hareeraha ka xigeen geedka tan iyo qarnigii 19-aad ee [[Seal (emblem)|shaabadihii]] degaanka. Astaantan waxaa laga soo qaatay sawir midab leh oo laga soo bilaabo 1593 kaas oo markii dambe, 1933, tilmaami lahaa midabada calanka degmada.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;
{{Panorama|image=File:20201022 Asperg Mitte.jpg|height=400px|caption=Panorama of Asperg, 22 Oktoobar 2020}}

== Asperger ==

Magaca dhakhtarka [[Hans Asperger]] wuxuu muujinayaa inuu lahaa xiriir qoys oo uu la lahaa Asperg, inkasta oo ninka laftiisa uu ku dhashay kuna noolaa Austria. Sidaas darteed, [[Asperger syndrome]]-ka caanka ah ayaa si dadban loogu magacaabay magaalada.{{Citation needed|reason=Magaca qoyska uma gaar aha magaaladan|date=Abriil 2021}}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}} (Jarmal)


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  <page>
    <title>Aspisheim</title>
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      <text bytes="2752" sha1="eyti6n7fkcwais1jaip6c9wofb52wk2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = DEU Aspisheim COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|54|27|N|7|58|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aspisheim in MZ.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Mainz-Bingen
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Sprendlingen-Gensingen
|elevation              = 175 
|area            = 5.81
|postal_code               = 55459
|area_code           = 06727
|licence               = MZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 39 002
|website           = [http://www.aspisheim.de www.aspisheim.de]
|mayor             = Gunter Dautermann&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3390000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mainz-Bingen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, waxaa la helay 4 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Aspisheim''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Mainz-Bingen]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Aspisheim waxay ku taal [[Rhenish Hesse]] inta u dhaxaysa [[Mainz]] iyo [[Bad Kreuznach]]. Degmadan waxaa maamula [[Sprendlingen-Gensingen|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Sprendlingen-Gensingen]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Sprendlingen]].

== Siyaasadda ==

[[File:Aspisheim Rathaus 20100830.jpg|thumb|upright|Aspisheim Xarunta degmada]]

=== Golaha degmada ===
Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 13 xubnood oo golaha ah, oo ay ku jiraan duqa magaalada ee waqtiga-dhiman, iyada oo kuraasta loo qaybiyay sidan:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
! Doorashooyinka || FDP || Free voters FWG || Free voters WGG || Wadarta
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| 2014 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 12 kuraas
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| 2009 || 7 || 5 || – || 12 kuraas
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
| 2004 || 7 || 5 || – || 12 kuraas
|}
* &lt;small&gt;FWG = Freie Wählergruppe Aspisheim e.V.&lt;/small&gt;

=== Astaanta magaalada ===
[[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per pale Or a yarn swift sable palewise iyo sable a lion rampant Or armed argent iyo langued gules.

== Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska ==

=== Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah ===
Todobaadka labaad ka hor dhamaadka bisha Agoosto, dadka deggan degmada waxay dhigaan ''Rothesfest'', oo ah xaflad khamri iyo waddo.

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==

=== Gaadiidka ===
Degmadan waxaa mara waddada gobolka ee [[Landesstraße|L 414]]. [[Bundesautobahn 61|A&amp;nbsp;61]] waddada weyn ee mootada waxay ku taal qiyaastii 4&amp;nbsp;km u jirta degmada.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Aspisheim}}
* [http://www.aspisheim.de/ Degmada boggeeda rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}}

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  <page>
    <title>Assamstadt</title>
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|image_coa         = Wappen Assamstadt.svg
|image_photo       = Blick auf Assamstadt 2017 - 01.jpg
|image_caption     = Muuqaalka guud ee magaalada
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|25|37|N|09|41|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Assamstadt im Main-Tauber-Kreis.png
|state             = 
|region            = Stuttgart
|district          = Main-Tauber-Kreis
|elevation         = 340
|area              = 17.20
|postal_code       = 97959
|area_code         = 06294
|licence           = TBB, MGH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 28 006
|website           = [http://www.assamstadt.de www.assamstadt.de]
|mayor             = Joachim Döffinger&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, waxaa la helay 13 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2018&amp;ndash;26
}}

'''Assamstadt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈasamˌʃtat|-|De-Assamstadt.ogg}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Main-Tauber]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]]. Assamstadt waxay caan ku tahay [[carnival]]-keeda.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Astert</title>
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|image_photo       = AstertPanorama1.jpg
|image_coa            = DEU Astert COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|41|42|N|7|46|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Astert im Westerwaldkreis.png
|state        = 
|district         = Westerwaldkreis
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Hachenburg
|elevation              = 235
|area            = 2.39
|postal_code               = 57627
|area_code           = 02688
|licence               = WW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 43 204
|divisions         = 2
|website           = {{url|http://www.astert.de/}}
|mayor             = Erich Wagner&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1430000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Westerwaldkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, waxaa la helay 9 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Astert''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – degmo ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' – oo ku taal [[Westerwaldkreis]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Westerwald]] inta u dhaxaysa [[Limburg an der Lahn|Limburg]] iyo [[Siegen]] ee ''Kroppacher Schweiz'' (&quot;Kroppach Switzerland&quot;), oo ah aag dabiici ah oo la ilaaliyo. Degmada waxaa mara webiga Große Nister. Sannadkii 1985, Astert waxaa loo doortay inay tahay meesha ugu quruxda badan Rhineland-Palatinate ee tartanka ''Unser Dorf soll schöner werden'' (&quot;Tuuladeenu waa inay noqotaa mid qurux badan&quot;). Astert waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Hachenburg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Hachenburg]], oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah. Xarunteedu waa [[Hachenburg|magaalada isku magaca ah]].

=== Bulshooyinka ka kooban ===
''[[Ortsteil]]e''-da Astert waa Oberdorf iyo Unterdorf.

== Taariikh ==
Sannadkii 1282, Astert waxay markii ugu horreysay ku xustay dukumenti ka yimid Macbadka Marienstatt, kaas oo loogu magac daray ''Asterode''.

; Statistik zur Einwohnerentwicklung
&lt;ref name=&quot;Infothek&quot;&gt;[http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/lis/MeineRegion/getMeineHeimat.aspx?key=0714302204&amp;topic=2047 Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz - Infothek]&lt;/ref&gt;
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; |
* 1815 – 152
* 1835 – 150
* 1871 – 175
* 1905 – 200
* 1939 – 225
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;125&quot; |
* 1950 – 220
* 1961 – 199
* 1970 – 206
* 1987 – 214
* 2005 – 249
|}

== Siyaasadda ==

Golaha degmadu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo golaha ah oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixin aqlabiyad ah]] doorashadii degmada ee 7 Juun 2009.

== Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah ==
Degmadan yar laakiin firfircoon, xafladaha tuulada waxaa lagu raaxaysan karaa ku dhawaad bil kasta. Kor u qaadista [[Maypole]] iyo [[Carnival]], sidoo kale, waa xilliyo ay dadka deggan ee da'da yar iyo kuwa da'da weynba ay wada dabaaldegi karaan. Dhallinyarada degmada, oo aan aad loo matalin, waxay jecel yihiin inay isugu yimaadaan ''Backes'' (guri dubitaan duug ah).

=== Cuntooyinka gaarka ah ===
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira wax kale oo Astert ka dhigaya mid gaar ah, oo ah waxyaabaha gaarka ah. Waxaa loo yaqaan ''Asterter Klüsen'' – erey goboleed loogu talagalay cajiinka. Waa cunto aad loo jecel yahay ma aha oo kaliya dadka deegaanka, laakiin sidoo kale dadka ka imanaya bulshooyinka deriska la ah, kuwaas oo ku raaxaysta cuntadan wadnaha leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cuntada iyo diyaarinta cajiinka waa waxyaabo ay kaliya ogaan karaan haweenka tuulada mudada dheer joogay. Farshaxanka karinta ''Asterter Klüsen'', si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la baraa haweenka da'da yar si quruxdan aysan u noqon halyeey.

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==

Koonfurta degmada waxaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 414, kaas oo ka yimaada [[Altenkirchen (Westerwald)|Altenkirchen]] una socda [[Hachenburg]]. Isgoysyada [[Autobahn]] ee ugu dhow waxay ku yaalliin [[Siegen]] iyo Wilsdorf oo ku yaal [[Bundesautobahn 45|A 45]] ([[Dortmund]]–[[Gießen]]), qiyaastii 25&amp;nbsp;km u jirta. Joogsiga [[InterCityExpress]] ee ugu dhow wuxuu ku yaal qiyaastii 40&amp;nbsp;km u jirta [[railway station|saldhigga tareenka]] ee Montabaur ee khadka tareenka xawaaraha sare ee Cologne-Frankfurt.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.astert.de Astert] {{in lang|de}}


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  <page>
    <title>Atteln</title>
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      <text bytes="2830" sha1="87ksyfb2bsuq5juyickb3t4gc0427fa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
| type = Stadtteil                  
| Town              = [[Lichtenau, Westphalia|Lichtenau]]
| Ortswappen                = 
| coordinates               = {{coord|51|36|00|N|08|48|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| state                = 
| elevation                      = 196
| area                    = 15.44
| population                 = 1482
|population_as_of   = 2020-12-31
|pop_ref            = &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Willkommen auf den Webseiten von Atteln --Land NRW - Kreis Paderborn - Stadt Lichtenau -© Frank Junker |url=https://www.atteln-online.de/ |access-date=2026-07-01 |website=www.atteln-online.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| postal_code = 33165
| area_code                  = 05292
| image_plan                 = Ortsteile Lichtenau - Atteln.svg
| plantext    = Goobta Atteln ee ku dhex taal Lichtenau
| district                     = Paderborn
}}

'''Atteln''' waa tuulo ku taal [[Paderborn (district)|degmada Paderborn]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay hore u ahayd degmo madaxbannaan, waxayna qayb ka tahay magaalada [[Lichtenau, Westphalia|Lichtenau]] tan iyo 1975.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Willkommen auf den Webseiten von Atteln --Land NRW - Kreis Paderborn - Stadt Lichtenau -© Frank Junker |url=https://www.atteln-online.de/ |access-date=2026-07-01 |website=www.atteln-online.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafi ==

=== Goobta ===

Atteln waxay ku taal meel sare oo Paderborn ah, qiyaastii 20&amp;nbsp;km koonfurta [[Paderborn]]. Atteln waa magaalada dhexe ee dooxada Altenau.

=== Degmooyinka deriska ah ===

Laga bilaabo waqooyiga, iyadoo u wareegaysa dhinaca saacadda, [[Etteln]], [[Dörenhagen]], [[Ebbinghausen (Lichtenau)|Ebbinghausen]], [[Husen (Lichtenau)|Husen]], [[Dalheim (Lichtenau)|Dalheim]], [[Elisenhof (Bad Wünnenberg)|Elisenhof]], [[Helmern (Bad Wünnenberg)|Helmern]] iyo [[Henglarn]] waa tuulooyinka deriska la ah Atteln.

== Taariikh ==

Qabaa'ilka Germanic waxay ku noolaayeen aagga Atteln horey 5000 oo sano ka hor, raadkoodana waxaa maanta weli lagu arki karaa. Todobo xabaalood oo cist ah, laba ka mid ah oo ku yaal Atteln, ayaa laga helay dooxada Altenau. Xabaashii ugu weyneyd ee cist-ka ahayd ayaa laga soo saaray Atteln 1978. Atteln waa kaniisadda baadiyaha ee ugu da'da weyn diocese-ka [[Paderborn]]. Wadaad Meinhard oo ka tirsan Atteln ayaa la xusay 897. Magaaladu waxay u badan tahay inay magaceeda ka heshay qoyska (ee) Atteln, oo ah qoys sharaf leh oo soo gaaray dooxada Altenau 804. Mid ka mid ah Anselm oo ka tirsan Atteln ayaa lagu diiwaan geliyay dukumenti qarnigii 13-aad. Atteln waxay heshay muhiimad intii lagu jiray waqtigii dhexe, markii maxkamad laga aasaasay tuulada. Kaniisadda baadiyaha ee Atteln ee qaabka baroque St Achatius waxaa la dhisay 1712.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}
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    <title>Attenhausen</title>
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|type                = Ortsgemeinde
|image_photo        =
|image_coa             = DEU Attenhausen COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|17|30.55|N|7|52|34.51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Attenhausen in EMS.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Bad Ems-Nassau
|elevation               = 260
|area             = 5.85
|postal_code                = 56370
|area_code            = 02604
|licence                = EMS, DIZ, GOH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 003
|website           =
|mayor             = Volker Feldpausch&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, waxaa la helay 5 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             =
}}

'''Attenhausen''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Lahn|degmada Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], ee galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Bad Ems-Nassau|bulshada ururka ee Bad Ems-Nassau.]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Attenhofen</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Attenhofen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|39|N|11|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Attenhofen in KEH.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Niederbayern
|district         = Kelheim
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mainburg
|elevation              = 465
|area            = 31.42
|postal_code               = 84091
|area_code           = 08751
|licence               = KEH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 73 115
|mayor             = Franz Stiglmaier&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
|website           = {{url|https://www.attenhofen.de/}}
}}

'''Attenhofen''' ({{IPA|de|atn̩ˈhoːfn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Kelheim (district)|Kelheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]].

== Taariikh ==
Attenhofen waxaa loo aasaasay inay tahay kaniisad baadiye ah 1413, sida ay sheegayaan ilo hore; kaniisadda baadiyaha waxaa la aasaasay wax yar ka dib [[Battle of Lechfeld|Dagaalkii Lechfeld]] ee 955.{{Sfn|Emerich|1903|pages=7-8}}

Sannadkii 1886, 19 qof oo ka socday Attenhofen ayaa ka qayb galay [[Austro-Prussian War|Dagaalkii Austro-Prussian]] iyo [[Franco-Prussian War|Dagaalkii Franco-Prussian]].{{Sfn|Emerich|1903|page=6}}

Sannadkii 1903, dadka Attenhofen waxay ahaayeen qiyaastii 440 qof; kuwaas, 435 waxay ahaayeen [[Catholic|Katoolik]].{{Sfn|Emerich|1903|page=3}}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XPYBAAAAYAAJ|title=Deutsche Gaue: Zeitschrift für Gesellschaftswissenschaft u. Landeskunde|date=1903|last=Emerich|first=Karl|volume=5|language=de}}


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    <title>Attenkirchen</title>
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      <text bytes="1160" sha1="nscl9hzwbtdp3gzvvk8s3amxe1wi4nd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Attenkirchen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|30|N|11|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Attenkirchen in FS.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberbayern
|district         = Freising
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Zolling
|elevation              = 524
|area            = 16.1
|postal_code               = 85395
|area_code           = 08168
|licence               = FS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 78 115
|website           = [http://www.attenkirchen.de/ www.attenkirchen.de]
|mayor             = Mathias Kern&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|image_photo      = Blick auf Attenkirchen.JPG
|imagesize        = 
|image_caption    = Attenkirchen
}}

'''Attenkirchen''' ({{IPA|de|atn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Freising (district)|Freising]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka Jarmalka.

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;


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|image_coa         = Wappen Attenweiler.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|8|5|N|9|41|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Attenweiler in BC.svg
|state             = 
|region            = Tübingen
|district          = Biberach
|elevation         = 596
|area              = 27.2
|postal_code       = 88448
|area_code         = 07357
|licence           = BC
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 26 011
|website           = [http://www.attenweiler.de/ www.attenweiler.de]
|mayor             = Roland Grootherder&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, waxaa la helay 11 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;28
}}

'''Attenweiler''' ({{IPA|de|ˈatn̩vaɪlɐ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Biberach (district)|Biberach]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Atting</title>
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|image_coa            = Wappen Atting.svg
|image_photo = Atting St Johann Rinkam.jpg
|image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint John the Baptist ee Rinkam
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|54|N|12|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Atting in SR.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Niederbayern
|district         = Straubing-Bogen
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Rain (Niederbayern)
|elevation              = 332
|area            = 14.92
|postal_code               = 94348
|area_code           = 09429
|licence               = SR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 78 117
|website           = [http://www.atting.de www.atting.de]
|mayor             = Robert Ruber&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
}}

'''Atting''' ({{IPA|de|ˈatɪŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Straubing-Bogen]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Atzelgift</title>
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|image_photo       = Atzelgift-ww-germany.jpg
|image_coa            = DEU Atzelgift COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|41|57|N|7|49|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Atzelgift im Westerwaldkreis.png
|state        = 
|district         = Westerwaldkreis
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Hachenburg
|elevation              = 285
|area            = 2.74
|postal_code               = 57629
|area_code           = 02662
|licence               = WW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 43 205
|website           = {{url|https://atzelgift.blogspot.com/}}
|mayor             = Claudia Kohlhaas&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1430000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Westerwaldkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, waxaa la helay 9 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Atzelgift''' ({{IPA|de|ˈatsl̩ˌɡɪft}}) waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – degmo ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' – oo ku taal [[Westerwaldkreis]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Juqraafi ==

Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Westerwald]] inta u dhaxaysa [[Limburg an der Lahn|Limburg]] iyo [[Siegen]], waana goob caafimaad oo la aqoonsan yahay (''Erholungsort''). Degmada waxaa mara webiga Kleine Nister. Atzelgift waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Hachenburg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Hachenburg]], oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah. Xarunteedu waa [[Hachenburg|magaalada isku magaca ah]].

== Taariikh ==
Sannadkii 1396, Atzelgift waxay markii ugu horreysay ku xustay dukumenti magaca ''Hatzelgufte''.

== Siyaasadda ==

Golaha degmadu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah oo lagu soo doortay [[proportional representation|matalaad isle'eg]] doorashadii degmada ee 25 Maajo 2014.

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==
Khadka baska ee maxalliga ah 270 wuxuu ka yimaadaa Hachenburg isagoo sii mara Atzelgift ilaa Betzdorf.
Koonfurta degmada waxaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 414, kaas oo ka yimaada [[Betzdorf, Germany|Betzdorf]] una socda [[Hachenburg]]. Isgoysyada [[Autobahn]]-ka ee ugu dhow waxay ku yaalliin [[Siegen]], [[Herborn (Hesse)|Herborn]] iyo Wilsdorf oo ku yaal [[Bundesautobahn 45|A 45]] ([[Dortmund]]–[[Gießen]]), qiyaastii 25&amp;nbsp;km u jirta. Joogsiga [[InterCityExpress]] ee ugu dhow wuxuu ku yaal [[railway station|saldhigga tareenka]] ee [[Montabaur]] ee khadka tareenka xawaaraha sare ee Cologne-Frankfurt.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.atzelgift.de Atzelgift] {{in lang|de}}


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    <title>Aub</title>
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|type               = Stadt
|image_photo      = Aub am Marktplatz.JPG
|image_caption    = Fagaaraha suuqa ee Aub
|image_coa            = DEU Aub COA.svg
|coordinates      = {{coord|49|32|N|10|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aub in WÜ.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Unterfranken
|district         = Würzburg
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Aub
|elevation              = 310
|area            = 17.54
|postal_code               = 97239
|area_code           = 09335
|licence               = WÜ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 79 114
|divisions         = 2 Stadtteile
|mayor             = Roman Menth&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
|website           = {{url|https://www.stadt-aub.de/}}
}}

'''Aub''' ({{IPA|de|aʊp|-|De-Aub.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Würzburg (district)|Würzburg]], ee Bavaria, Jarmalka, {{convert|29|km|mi}} koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Würzburg]] iyo {{convert|21|km|mi}} waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Rothenburg ob der Tauber]], meel u dhow xadka [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Waxaa mara webiga [[Gollach]] waxaana loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood: Aub, Baldersheim iyo Burgerroth.

== Taariikh ==
{{Unsourced section|date=March 2025}}
Dhulkii hore ee [[Catholic Church|Kaniisadda Katooliga]] ee [[Würzburg]] ayaa noqday qayb ka mid ah Bavaria markii dawladda la dhigay xilligii cilmaaniga 1805. Degmada hadda jirta waxaa la abuuray intii lagu jiray dib-u-habayntii maamulka ee 2010.

== Dadka ==
Dadku waxay ahaayeen kuwo si caddaalad ah u deggan tan iyo 1970, sida ku cad jadwalka soo socda:
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- 
!Sanad
!Dadka
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; | 1970 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 1714
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; | 1987 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 1631
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; | 2000 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 1702
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; | 2005 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 1608
|}

== Degmada maamulka ==
{{Unsourced section|date=March 2025}}
Aub waxay samaysaa degmo maamul oo ay la socdaan magaalooyinka u dhow ee [[Gelchsheim]] iyo [[Sonderhofen]].

== Magaalada mataanaha ==
* {{flagicon|Schleswig-Holstein}} [[Wrixum]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]]

== Astaamaha ==
{{Unsourced section|date=March 2025}}
Aub waxay leedahay kaniisad iyo xabaalo Yuhuudi ah.
Kaniisadda ugu weyn waxay leedahay meel alwaax ah oo la xardhay oo uu sameeyay [[Tilman Riemenschneider]], oo ahaa sculptor-kii ugu dambeeyay ee qarniyadii dhexe ee Koonfurta Jarmalka.
Magaaladu waxay leedahay inta badan darbiyadeedii dhexe oo weli taagan, iyo matxaf yar oo ku yaal 'spittalkirche', oo ah kaniisad-iyo-hospis dhexe, kaas oo u adeegi jiray xujeyda iyo dadka waayeelka ah iyo kuwa bukooda. Matxafku wuxuu leeyahay waxyaabo ka soo jeeda taariikhdii Aub, iyo bandhigyo ku saabsan daryeelka dadka waayeelka ah qarniyadii oo dhan (dhammaan af Jarmal).
Aub waa magaalada labaad ee ugu yar Bavaria.

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Johann Adam Schmidt.jpg|thumb|150px|Johann Adam Schmidt]]
* [[Johann Adam Schmidt]] (1759–1809), dhakhtarka [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Bio/BiographyDoctors.html Beethovens Ärzte, Übersicht in englischer Sprache]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[Kaspar Bausewein]] (1838–1903), heesaa ka tirsan Opera Court Munich

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[https://www.stadt-aub.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah]


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|image_coa            = DEU Aubstadt COA.svg
|image_photo = Aubstadt, Kirchenrangen 1, 001.jpg
|image_caption = Kirchenrangen
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|20|N|10|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aubstadt in NES.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Unterfranken
|district         = Rhön-Grabfeld
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Königshofen im Grabfeld
|elevation              = 326
|area            = 11.93
|postal_code               = 97633
|area_code           = 09761
|licence               = NES
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 73 113
|website           = [http://www.aubstadt.de www.aubstadt.de]
|mayor             = Burkhard Wachenbrönner&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             =
}}
'''Aubstadt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rhön-Grabfeld]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]].

== Ciyaaraha ==
Naadiga kubbadda cagta ee magaalada [[TSV Aubstadt]], oo la sameeyay 1921, waxay heshay guusheedii ugu weynayd 2019 markii ay markii ugu horreysay u dalacday heerka afaraad ee [[Regionalliga Bayern]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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|type                = Ortsgemeinde
|image_coa             = DEU Auderath COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|11|12.57|N|7|0|9.18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Auderath in COC.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Cochem-Zell
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Ulmen
|elevation               = 460
|area             = 6.19
|postal_code                = 56766
|area_code            = 02676
|licence                = COC
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 005
|divisions         =
|website           = [http://www.ulmen.de/ www.ulmen.de]
|mayor             = Frank Steimers&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, waxaa la helay 9 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             =
}}
'''Auderath''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Cochem-Zell]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Ulmen (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Ulmen]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Ulmen|magaalada isku magaca ah]].

== Juqraafi ==

Goobta dalxiiska ee Auderath waxay ku taal [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo caan ku ah taariikhdeeda foolkaanaha, astaamaha juqraafiyeed iyo cilmiga dhulka, iyo xitaa hawlaha socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaasaska mararka qaarkood ka soo baxa dhulka. Degmadu waxay ku taal qiyaastii 3&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Ulmen]]. [[Alflen]] iyo Saldhigga Cirka ee Büchel (''Fliegerhorst Büchel'') ee [[Büchel (municipality)|Büchel]] xagga bari waa 2&amp;nbsp;km. Koonfurta waxaa ku yaal [[Schmitt, Germany|Schmitt]] iyo [[Gillenbeuren]], iyo koonfur-galbeed [[Filz]] iyo [[Wollmerath]]. Si ballaaran, Auderath waxay u dhaxaysaa [[Trier]] (qiyaastii 75&amp;nbsp;km) iyo [[Koblenz]] (qiyaastii 60&amp;nbsp;km, kiis kasta oo [[Autobahn]] ah).

== Taariikh ==
Auderath waxay hoos tagtay madaxda [[Electorate of Trier]] iyo Sayidyadii Ulmen. Sannadkii 1573, Trier waxay noqotay sayidkii sare ee weligiis. Auderath waxay ka tirsanayd Electoral-Trier ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Ulmen. Laga bilaabo 1794, Auderath waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sannadkii 1815 waxaa loo igmaday Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Prussia hoosteeda, tuuladu waxay ka tirsanayd ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Maayarnimada”) ee Lutzerath iyo laga bilaabo 1816 degmada Cochem. Tan iyo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ee markaas la aasaasay.

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixin aqlabiyad ah]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye.&lt;ref&gt;[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350300500.html  Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Duqa magaalada ===
Duqa magaalada Auderath waa Frank Steimers.&lt;ref name=mayor/&gt;

=== Astaanta magaalada ===
Astaanta Jarmalka waxay akhrinaysaa: ''Schild durch eingeschweifte gestürzte goldene Spitze, darin eine grüne Krone, gespalten. Vorn in Grün ein silberner Korb mit goldenen Broten, hinten in Grün eine silberne Henkelurne.''

[[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa luuqad [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ah oo Ingiriis ah: Tierced in mantle reversed, dexter vert a basket argent therein loaves of bread Or, sinister vert an urn of the second, in chief Or a crown azure.

Taajka ku yaal garoonka dahabka ah wuxuu tixraacayaa [[Our Lady of the Rosary]], oo ah quduuska kaniisadda. Dambiisha leh kibista kibista ee beerta cagaaran waxay xasuusisaa caado duug ah oo degmada ka jirta, taas oo ah bixinta kibista Saint Sebastian ee kaniisadda (la arkay 5 Febraayo). Weelku wuxuu u taagan yahay qoditaannada laga sameeyay degmada intii u dhaxaysay 1936 iyo 1940, kuwaas oo soo saaray xabaalo [[Ancient Rome|Roomaan ah]], hadhaaga darbiyada iyo dheryaha aagagga cadastral ee Seitert iyo Hinterschläf. [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] vert (cagaaran) waxay tixraacaysaa aasaaskii tuulada sida hanti waddan xilligii nadiifinta ee [[High Middle Ages]], iyo sidoo kale muuqaalka baadiyaha ee weli laga helay degmada maanta.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.discjockey-joerg.de/Pages/Auderath.htm Sharaxaadda iyo sharraxaadda hubka Auderath]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska ==

=== Dhismayaasha ===
Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo ku qoran tusaha [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ee Taallooyinka Dhaqanka:
* [[Roman Catholicism|Kaniisadda Katooliga]] ee [[Our Lady of the Rosary]] (''Kirche Rosenkranzkönigin''), Kirchstraße – [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] [[aisleless church]], 1734, la ballaariyay 1952; gudaha [[limestone|ohor]] [[altar]] iyo gambaleel laga soo bilaabo 1481.
* Hauptstraße/geeska Kirchstraße – ceel leh saqaf pyramidal ah, qarnigii 18-aad.
* Kirchstraße/geeska Brunnenstraße – isgoys jidka dhinaciisa ah laga bilaabo 1657.
* Auderather Mühle, galbeedka tuulada – [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] warshad, qayb ahaan adag ama la saqafay, guri dubitaan.
* Kloster St. Josef, waqooyi-bari ee tuulada – Barefoot-[[Carmelites|Carmelite]] [[convent]] laga bilaabo 1920-yadii iyo 1930-yadii.&lt;ref&gt;[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Tusaha Taallooyinka Dhaqanka ee degmada Cochem-Zell]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah ===
Sanad kasta xilliga [[Pentecost|Whitsun]], xaflad kayn ah ayaa lagu qabtaa ''Matteshütte''.

=== Naadiyada ===
* Kooxda [[fire brigade|dabdemiska]] ee mutadawiciinta ah
* Alemannia Auderath [[sport club|kooxda ciyaaraha]]
* Auderath [[Equestrianism|kooxda fardaha]]
* Gesangverein Liederkranz Auderath (kooxda heesaha)
* Möhnenverein (koox loogu talagalay ''Möhnen'' ama &quot;haweenka nacasyada ah&quot;, caado [[Shrovetide]]/[[Carnival]])
* [[Roman Catholicism|Kooxda dhalinyarada Katooliga]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.auderath.de/ Xogta ku saabsan Auderath] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.discjockey-joerg.de/Pages/Auderath.htm bogga gaarka ah ee ku saabsan Auderath] {{in lang|de}}


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|coordinates       = {{coord|50|28|N|10|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Auengrund in HBN.png
|state        = 
|district         = Hildburghausen
|elevation              = 450
|area            = 37.07
|postal_code               = 98673
|area_code           = 03686
|licence               = HBN
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 69 058
|divisions         = 6
|website           = [http://www.auengrund.de/ www.auengrund.de]
|mayor             = René Pfötsch&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&amp;wJahr=0000&amp;zeigeErg=LAND&amp;auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, waxaa la helay 14 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
}}

'''Auengrund''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Hildburghausen (district)|degmada Hildburghausen]], ee [[Thüringen]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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|image_coa         = Wappen Auenwald.svg
|image_photo       = Schloss Ebersberg2.JPG
|image_caption     = Qasriga Ebersberg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|56|13|N|09|30|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Auenwald im Rems-Murr-Kreis.png
|state             = 
|region            = Stuttgart
|district          = Rems-Murr-Kreis
|elevation         = 280
|area              = 19.76
|postal_code       = 71549
|area_code         = 07191
|licence           = WN
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 19 006
|website           = [http://www.auenwald.de/ www.auenwald.de]
|mayor             = Kai-Uwe Ernst&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, waxaa la helay 14 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;29
}}
'''Auenwald''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rems-Murr]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]].

== Magaalada mataanaha ==
[[Town twinning|Magaalada mataanaha]] ee Auenwald waa:
* {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Beaurepaire, Isère]], [[France]], tan iyo 1987

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Auenwald}}


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|district          = {{langrlink|de|Schaumburg (district)|Schaumburg}}
|elevation         = 192
|area              = 62.15
|postal_code       = 31749
|area_code         = 05752, 05753
|licence           = SHG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 003
|divisions         = 16 
|website           = [http://www.auetal.de/ www.auetal.de]
|mayor             = {{langr|de|Jörn Lohmann}}&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CDU
}}

'''{{langr|de|Auetal}}''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʊəˌtaːl}}, {{lit|Dooxada {{langrlink|de|Aue (Weser)|Aue}}}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada {{langrlink|de|Schaumburg}}, ee [[Lower Saxony]], Jarmalka. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 10&amp;nbsp;km koonfurta {{langr|de|Stadthagen}}, iyo 22&amp;nbsp;km bari ka xigta {{langr|de|Minden}}. Xarunteedu waxay ku taal tuulada {{langr|de|Rehren}}.

Astaanta magaaladu waxay ka kooban tahay sawirka {{langr|de|Tilly-Buche}}, (1739-1994) geed [[dwarf beech]] ah oo ka jiray aagga.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.auetal.de Bulshada Auetal]
* [http://www.auetal-online.net Macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan Auetal]


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|image_coa            = DEU Auggen COA.svg
|image_photo = Auggen 2004.jpg
|image_caption = Aragtida guud ee magaalada
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|47|13|N|7|35|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Auggen in FR.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Freiburg
|district         = Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
|elevation              = 264
|area            = 14.15
|postal_code               = 79424
|area_code           = 07631
|licence               = FR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 15 004
|website           = [http://www.auggen.de/ www.auggen.de]
|mayor             = Ulli Waldkirch&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-auggen-2021/ Bürgermeisterwahl Auggen 2021], Staatsanzeiger.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;29
}}

'''Auggen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee koonfurta [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay sidoo kale ka tirsan tahay gobol la yiraahdo Markgräflerland oo leh muhiimad dhaqan iyo mid taariikheed labadaba.

Auggen waxay ku xiran tahay qayb maamul oo yar oo la yiraahdo Hach. Hach waxay ku taal waqooyi-bari ee Auggen. Auggen waxay ku taal cidhifka koonfureed ee [[Breisgau]]. Aaggu wuxuu caan ku yahay, waxyaabo kale, [[biodynamic wine|khamriga biodynamic]].

== Dhaqaalaha ==
Auggen waxay leedahay dukaan raashin oo qiimo dhimis ah oo la yiraahdo &quot;Netto&quot;, maqaaxi xor ah oo ku taal hauptstrasse, maqaayado qaar, dukaan yar oo dawooyin ah, iyo xarun shidaal (gaas) oo leh dukaan ku dhex yaal. Waxay leedahay 2 ganacsade baabuur. Waxa kale oo ay hoy u tahay mid ka mid ah dukaamada buug-yaraha kombuyuutarka ee ugu weyn Yurub. [http://www.pearl.de]

Qaababka shaqada qaarkood waxaa ka mid ah Winzergenossenschaft Auggen (iskaashato khamri-beerista) iyo soo saaraha casiirka midhaha.

Shaqada caalamiga ah ayaa sidoo kale ka dhacda Auggen. Waa hoyga [[New Life Network]], (NLN, Inc.) [http://NLNtv.com], oo ah qaybiye caalami ah oo barnaamijyada [[television|telefishinka]], iyo Genesis Distributions oo la shaqeeya dukaamada canshuuraha laga dhaafo caalamka [http://www.genesisdistribution.com/locations/locations03.html]

== Waxbarashada ==
Auggen waxay leedahay dugsi hoose (oo Jarmal lagu yiraahdo Grundschule): Brunwart-von-Augheim-Schule. Waxbarashada dheeraadka ah waxay ka dhacdaa magaalooyinka u dhow sida [[Müllheim]] iyo [[Neuenburg am Rhein|Neuenburg]].

== Gaadiidka ==
Auggen waxay leedahay joogsi tareen oo u gaar ah khadka Freiburg/Basel, oo ay u adeegto [[Deutsche Bahn]].

== Madadaalada iyo Caweyska ==
Liiska xulashada ee naadiyada:
* Dabdemiska Mutadawiciinta [https://www.feuerwehr-auggen.de/]
* Kooxda Kubadda Cagta [http://www.fcauggen.de/]
* Turnverein
* Musikverein

== Taariikh ==
Auggen waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 752 sidii 'Anghom'. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in dadkii ugu horreeyay ee degay ay halkaas joogeen qarnigii 1-aad.

=== Duqa magaalada Auggen ===
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2008}}
(2005–ilaa hadda) Fritz Deutschmann

(1629–1662) [[Dietrich Koger]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.auggen.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}}
*[https://www.alemannische-seiten.de/deutschland/auggen.php Auggen - sawirro &amp; taariikh] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://NLNtv.com NLN Inc.]

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|region  = Detmold
|district             = Lippe
|elevation              = 179
|area            = 42.18
|postal_code               = 32832
|area_code           = 05237
|licence               = LIP
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 7 66 004
|website           = [http://www.augustdorf.de www.augustdorf.de]
|mayor             = Andreas Wulf
|leader_term       = 2025&amp;ndash;30
|party             = Madax-bannaan
}}
'''Augustdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʊɡʊstˌdɔʁf|-|Augustdorf.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lippe (district)|Lippe]] ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay leedahay bed dhan 42.18&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; iyo qiyaastii 10,100 oo qof (2020).

== Taariikh ==
Sannadkii 1775 [[Simon August, Count of Lippe-Detmold]] ayaa soo saaray warqad heshiis kireyn (Meierbrief) oo ku saabsan aagga Augustdorf ee maanta, isagoo u oggolaanaya August Simon Struß inuu aasaaso degsiimo (gumeysi) buurta [[Dören]]. Sannadkii 1779 waxaa la go'aamiyay qorshaha horumarinta dhabta ah ee degsiimada, laakiin goobtu si dhib yar ayay u horumartay. Sannadkii 1780, degsiimadii Dören waxay ka koobnayd afar cariish oo keliya oo saqafkoodu ka samaysan yahay caws. Sannadkii 1789, degsiimada waxaa loogu magac daray sharafta Count Simon August.

== Siyaasadda ==
Duqa magaalada ee hadda waa Andreas Wulf, oo ah [[Independent politician|Madax-bannaan]] ku guuleystay [[2025 North Rhine-Westphalia local elections|doorashadii 2025]] ee ka dhanka ah Mats Schubert oo ka tirsan [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] iyadoo heshay 53,9 % codadkii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stichwahl des/der Bürgermeisters/in 28.09.2025 - Gemeinde Augustdorf |url=https://wahl.owl-it.de/kw2025/05766004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=95&amp;stimmentyp=0&amp;id=ebene_3_id_12 |date=2025-10-14 |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=wahl.owl-it.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Golaha magaalada ===
Ka dib doorashadii maxalliga ahayd ee 2025, golaha magaalada Attendorn wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidan soo socota:

{{election table}}
! colspan=2| Xisbi
! Codad
! %
! +/-
! Kuraas
! +/-
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU)
| 1,509
| 34.2
| {{decrease}} 13.7
| 9
| {{decrease}} 4
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD)
| 1,129
| 25.6
| {{decrease}} 4.1
| 7
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alternative for Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Alternative for Germany]] (AfD)
| 772
| 17.5
| Cusub
| 4
| Cusub
|-
| bgcolor=#4C72B5| 
| align=left| Departure C (AUFBRUCH C)
| 382
| 8.7
| {{increase}} 3.8
| 2
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| bgcolor=#87DCED| 
| align=left| Democratic Citizens-Union Augustdorf (DBA)
| 313
| 7.1
| Cusub
| 2
| Cusub
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| 
| align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] (Grüne)
| 196
| 4.4
| Cusub
| 1
| Cusub
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP)
| 110
| 2.5
| {{decrease}} 2.6
| 1
| ±0
|-
! colspan=2| Codadka saxda ah
! 4,411
! 97.1
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Codadka aan sax ahayn
! 132
! 2.9
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Wadarta
! 4,543
! 100.0
! 
! 26
! ±0
|-
! colspan=2| Dadka diiwaangashan/ka qaybgalayaasha doorashada
! 7,276
! 62.4
! 
! 
! 
|-
| colspan=7| Xigasho: [https://wahl.owl-it.de/kw2025/05766004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=90&amp;stimmentyp=0&amp;id=ebene_3_id_12 Magaalada Augustdorf]
|}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.augustdorf.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}}


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    <title>Auhagen</title>
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|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|23|52|N|09|17|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Auhagen in SHG.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Schaumburg
|Samtgemeinde      = Sachsenhagen
|elevation              = 48
|area            = 12.36
|postal_code               = 31553
|area_code           = 05725 (Auhagen) 05033 (Düdinghausen)
|licence               = SHG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 004
|divisions        = 2 
|mayor     = Kurt Blume
|party            = SPD
}}

'''Auhagen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schaumburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}


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|image_photo       = Auhausen-St-Maria.jpg
|image_caption     = Kaniisadda Saints Mary iyo Godehard ee keniisaddii hore ee Auhausen
|image_coa            = DEU Auhausen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|1|N|10|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Auhausen in DON.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Schwaben
|district         = Donau-Ries
|elevation              = 422
|area            = 15.55
|postal_code               = 86736
|area_code           = 09832
|licence               = DON
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 79 117
|mayor             = Martin Weiß&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             =
|website           = [http://www.auhausen.de www.auhausen.de]
}}

'''Auhausen''' waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Swabia|Swabian]] ee [[Donau-Ries]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay ku dhex taal xarunta maamulka dhexe ee [[Oettingen]]. Auhausen waxay ahayd goobtii shir 1608 lagu qabtay ee lagu aasaasay [[Protestant Union]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan ''Union of Auhausen''. [[Schloss Hirschbrunn]], oo ah qasriga ay leedahay [[House of Oettingen-Spielberg]], wuxuu ku yaal Auhausen.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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| imagesize         = 
| image_flag        = Flagge Aukrug.png
| image_caption     = Kaniisadda Aukrug 
| image_coa         = DEU Aukrug COA.svg
| coordinates       = {{coord|54|4|N|9|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_plan        = Aukrug in RD.png
| state             = 
| district          = Rendsburg-Eckernförde
| Amt               = Mittelholstein
| elevation         = 20
| area              = 49.9
| postal_code       = 24613
| area_code         = 04873
| licence           = RD
| Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 009
| website           = {{URL|http://www.amt-aukrug.de/}}
| mayor             = Joachim Rehder
| party             = SPD
}}

'''Aukrug''' ([[Low German|Jarmalka Hoose]]: ''Aukrog'') waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 13&amp;nbsp;km galbeed ka xigta [[Neumünster]], iyo 35&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Kiel]]. Degmadu waxay aasaasantay 31 Disembar 1969 iyada oo la midaynayo bulshooyinkii hore u madax-bannaanaa ee [[Bargfeld]] (oo ay ku jiraan tuulada ''Tönsheide''), Böken, Bünzen, Homfeld (oo ay ku jiraan ''Bucken''), iyo Innien. Magaceedu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa magacaabista juqraafiyeed ee gobolka, waxaana si rasmi ah loogu aqoonsan yahay goob loo dalxiis tago oo ay dawladdu ansixisay (''staatlich anerkannter Erholungsort'').

== Juqraafi ==
Aukrug waa xarunta ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' (degmada wadajirka ah) ee [[Aukrug (Amt)|Aukrug]].

Aukrug waxay koonfur ka xigtaa degmada [[Mörel, Germany|Mörel]] ama [[Gnutz]], bari ka xigta [[Hohenwestedt]] iyo galbeed ka xigta [[Wasbek]] iyo [[Ehndorf]].

== Taariikh ==
Innien, oo ah qaybtii ugu faca weynayd ee degmada, waxay ka soo muuqataa diiwaan badbaaday oo soo bilaabmaya ilaa 1128. Magaca Aukrug wuxuu ka yimid ‘in de Aukrögen’, iyadoo la isticmaalayo Plattdeutsch (''Jarmalka Hoose'') ee gobolka, macnaheeduna waa wax la mid ah ‘laabta bannaanka daadku’.

Degmada Aukrug waxaa la sameeyay 1-dii Janaayo 1970 laga soo bilaabo shantii tuulo, Bargfeld (oo leh degmada Tönsheide), Böken, Bünzen, Homfeld (oo leh degmada Bücken) iyo Innien.

=== Kaynta Tönsheide ===
[[Tönsheide Forest]] waxay ku taal bari ka xigta cisbitaalka gaarka ah ee Aukrug waana kayd dabiici ah oo leh bed dhan {{convert|67|ha|acre}}. Waxay ka kooban tahay aagag ballaaran oo kaymo u dhow dabiiciga ah oo leh meelo kala firidhsan oo dhul-daaqsimeed ah.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Aukrug Nature Park]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*{{Commons category-inline|Aukrug}}

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    <title>Aulendorf</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Aulendorf COA.svg
|image_skyline = AulendorfSchloss.jpg
|image_caption = Qasriga Aulendorf
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|57|15|N|09|38|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aulendorf in RV.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Tübingen
|district         = Ravensburg
|elevation              = 576
|area            = 52.34
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08436008
|postal_code               = 88326
|area_code           = 07525
|licence               = RV
|website           = [https://www.aulendorf.de/ www.aulendorf.de]
|mayor             = Matthias Burth&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, waxaa la helay 14 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2016&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}

'''Aulendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʊləndɔʁf|-|De-Aulendorf.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Ravensburg (district)|Ravensburg]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=off}} koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Biberach an der Riß]], iyo {{convert|19|km|0|abbr=off}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Ravensburg]].

Aulendorf waxay ka kooban tahay magaalada lafteeda oo ay weheliyaan tuulooyinka lagu daray ee Tannhausen, Bloenried iyo Zollenreute.

Aulendorf waxay caan ku tahay Upper Swabia dugsigeeda sare ee Katooliga ee &quot;Studienkolleg St. Johann&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sjb.rv.bw.schule.de Willkommen auf der Homepage des Studienkollegs St.Johann&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; oo ay aasaaseen Styler Missionaries. Waxay mar ahaan jirtay caasimaddii dawlad-goboleedkii taariikhiga ahaa ee Jarmalka ee [[Königsegg]].

[[File:Zollenreute Kapelle außen 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Saint George]]'s chapel, Aulendorf-Zollenreute]]

== Gaadiidka ==
Aulendorf waa xarun tareen maxalli ah oo leh saddex khad:

* [[Herbertingen–Aulendorf railway]]
* [[Allgäu Railway (Württemberg)|Allgäu railway]]
* [[Southern Railway (Württemberg)|Southern railway]]

== Dhaqanka iyo goobaha soo jiidashada ==
Aulendorf waxay ku taal [[Upper Swabian Baroque Route]] iyo ''Schwäbische Bäderstrasse''.

=== Matxafyada ===
* Tacaburka ''Medialer Erlebnisparcours'' wuxuu ka sheekeynayaa taariikhda [[castle|qasriga]] ''Schloss Aulendorf''
* Matxafka ''Bürgermuseum'' wuxuu soo bandhigayaa taariikhda magaalada

=== Dhismayaasha ===
* [[Catholic Church|Kaniisadda Katooliga]] ''St. Martin'' waxay ka kooban tahay qaybo bandhig oo ka yimid dhammaan [[Epoch (reference date)|epoch-yadii]] laga bilaabo [[Gothic art|fanka Gothic]] ilaa [[Classicism]]
* [[castle|Qasriga]] ''Schloss Aulendorf'' wuxuu mideeyay shan [[Epoch (reference date)|epoch]]

== Dadka caanka ah ==
* [[Hermann von Vicari]] (1773–1868), 1843–1868 [[List of archbishops of Freiburg|arkibisbiyada Freiburg]].&lt;ref&gt;{{CathEncy|wstitle= Hermann von Vicari |volume= 15 |page= |last= Schlager |first= Patricius |author-link= |year=1913|short= 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Franziska zu Königsegg-Aulendorf]] (1814–1871), haweenay sharaf leh.
* [[Erwin Glonnegger]] (1925–2016), qoraa iyo naqshadeeye ciyaar, ku guuleystaha Order of Merit
* [[Gerhard Hennige]] (dhashay 1940), orodyahan, biladda qalinkii Olympic-ga 1968 Mexico

=== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah ===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Aulendorf waa [[Twin towns and sister cities|mataan]] lala yahay:
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Conches-en-Ouche]], France

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
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    <title>Aumühle</title>
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|image_caption        = [[Bismarck tower]] ee Aumühle
|image_flag           = Flagge Aumühle.png
|image_coa            = DEU Aumühle COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|31|54|N|10|18|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aumühle in RZ.svg
|state        = 
|district             = Herzogtum Lauenburg
|Amt               = [[Hohe Elbgeest]]
|elevation              = 30
|area            = 3.47
|postal_code               = 21521
|area_code           = 04104
|licence               = RZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 003
|website           = {{official website|http://www.aumuehle.de/}}
|mayor     = Knut Suhk
}}

'''Aumühle''' ({{IPA|de|aʊˈmyːlə|lang|De-Aumühle.ogg}}) waa degmo ku taal [[Schleswig-Holstein]] ee waqooyiga [[Jarmalka]], qiyaastii 21&amp;nbsp;km (14&amp;nbsp;mi) bari ka xigta [[Hamburg]]. Degmada [[Friedrichsruh]] ee hoos timaada waxay hoy u tahay hantida qoyska iyo [[Bismarck Mausoleum|mausoleum-ka]] [[Otto von Bismarck]].

== Juqraafi ==
Aumühle waxay ku taal webiga [[Bille (Elbe)|Bille]] ee [[Sachsenwald]], oo ah kaynta ugu weyn Schleswig-Holstein.

== Taariikh ==

Sannadkii 1350-kii Aumühle markii ugu horreysay ayaa lagu xusay qoraal ahaan ''Au-Mühle'' (shiidka webiga Au).

Sannadkii 1846, saldhig ku yaal khadka tareenka ee Hamburg-Berlin ee dhawaan la dhisay ayaa laga furay Friedrichsruh. [[Aumühle station|Saldhigga Aumühle]] laftiisa ayaa lagu daray 1884.
[[File:BismarckMausoleum.jpg|thumb|175px|left|[[Bismarck Mausoleum]], [[Friedrichsruh]]]]
Sannadkii 1871 Kaiser [[Wilhelm I of Germany]] wuxuu ku deeqay kaynta [[Sachsenwald]], oo ku xigta Au, [[Otto von Bismarck]] isagoo aqoonsan adeegyadiisii qaranka Jarmalka ee dhawaan [[Unification of Germany|midaysan]]. Bismarck wuxuu halkaas ka dhistay guri weyn, isagoo doortay inuu sii hayo magaca taariikhiga ah ee Friedrichsruh. Bismarck hadda wuxuu ku aasan yahay [[Bismarck Mausoleum|Mausoleum-ka Bismarck]] oo halkaas ku yaal.

[[Karl Dönitz]], madaxwaynihii ugu dambeeyay ee [[Nazi Germany]], wuxuu u guuray Aumühle ka dib markii laga sii daayay [[Spandau Prison]] 1956. Wuxuu halkaas ku noolaa ilaa dhimashadiisii 1980, waxaana lagu aasay qabuuraha Waldfriedhof. Suxufigii iyo siyaasigii Jarmalka [[Olaf von Wrangel]] ayaa sidoo kale ku noolaa Aumühle.

== Gaadiidka ==
Aumühle waa dhamaadka bari ee khadka [[Hamburg S-Bahn]] S2.

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ==
Aumühle waa mataan lala yahay:
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mortagne-sur-Sèvre]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Sleen]], maanta qayb ka mid ah [[Coevorden]], [[Netherlands]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category-inline|Aumühle}}
*{{in lang|de}} [http://www.aumuehle.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Aumühle]

{{Cities and municipalities in Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg district}}

{{Authority control}}

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|image_coa            = DEU Aurachtal COA.svg
|image_photo      = Rathaus Aurachtal 1.JPG
|image_caption    = Xarunta degmada
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|35|N|10|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Aurachtal in ERH.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Mittelfranken
|district         = Erlangen-Höchstadt
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Aurachtal
|elevation              = 320
|area            = 18.40
|postal_code               = 91086
|area_code           = 09132
|licence               = ERH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 72 114
|website           = [http://www.aurachtal.de/ www.aurachtal.de]
|mayor             = Klaus Schumann&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
}}
'''Aurachtal''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Erlangen-Höchstadt]], ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Dadka caanka ah ==

* Johann Jakob Palm (1750–1826), wuxuu ku dhintay Münchaurach, wuxuu ahaa ganacsade buugaagta Jarmalka
* Michael Kreß (1843–1929), beeralay Franconian ah oo ku dhashay Falkendorf, duqa magaalada iyo abwaan caan ah

== Tixraacyo ==
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    <title>Aurich</title>
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      <text bytes="9297" sha1="q0oxf6b4r15w6hgr70xfu7wqb516eb1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type              = Magaalo
|name              = Aurich
|image_photo       = Fussgängerzone Aurich.JPG
|imagesize         = 
|image_caption     = Aagga dadka lugeeya ee Aurich
|image_flag        = Flagge Aurich.svg
|image_coa         = DEU Aurich COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{Coord|53|28|17|N|07|29|01|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Aurich in AUR.svg
|state             = Niedersachsen
|district          = Aurich
|elevation         = 4
|area              = 197.29
|postal_code       = 26603–26607
|area_code         = 04941
|licence           = AUR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 52 001
|website           = {{URL|https://www.aurich.de/}}
|mayor             = Horst Feddermann&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = Madax-bannaan
}}

'''Aurich''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʊʁɪç|-|De-Aurich.ogg}}; {{langx|frs|Auerk}}; {{langx|stq|Aurk}} {{IPA|stq|ˈau̯ɐk|}}) waa magaalo ku taal gobolka [[East Frisia]] ee [[Lower Saxony]], Jarmalka. Waa [[Capital (political)|caasimadda]] [[Aurich (district)|degmada Aurich]] waana magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn East Frisia, xagga dadka, ka dib [[Emden]], iyo xagga bedka, ka dib [[Wittmund]].

== Taariikh ==
{{Quote box |width=20em |align=left |bgcolor=GhostWhite
|title=Xiriirrada taariikhiga ah
|quote={{flagicon image|Ostfriesland Flagge mit Wappen.0.2.svg}} [[County of East Frisia]] 1464–1744&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|Kingdom of Prussia|1750}} 1744–1808&lt;br&gt;
{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Kingdom of Holland]] 1808–1810&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|First French Empire}} 1810–1813&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|Kingdom of Prussia|1803}} 1813–1815&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|Kingdom of Hanover}} 1815–1866&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|Kingdom of Prussia|1803}} 1866–1871&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|German Empire}} 1871–1918&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|Weimar Republic}} 1918–1933&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|Nazi Germany}} 1933–1945&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|Allied-occupied Germany}} 1945–1949&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|West Germany}} 1949–1990&lt;br&gt;
{{flag|Germany}} 1990–ilaa hadda
}}
Taariikhda Aurich waxay soo noqotaa qarnigii 13-aad, markii degsiimada ''Aurechove'' lagu xusay dukumeenti [[Frisia|Frisian]] ah oo la yiraahdo ''[[Brokmerbrief]]'' sannadkii 1276. Waxaa jira mala-awaal kala duwan oo ku saabsan fasiraadda magaca magaalada. Waxay tixraacaysaa qof (Affo, magaca hore ee East Frisian) iyo hantidiisa (Reich) ama waxay tixraacaysaa shaqooyinka biyaha ee bannaanka bacrin ah, oo biyuhu hodan ku yihiin ee webiga Aa (ama Ehe), kaas oo magaalada laga dhisay; xaqiiqooyinka qarniyadii dhexe waxay ahaayeen Aurichove, Aurike, Aurikehove, Auerk, Auryke, Auwerckhove, Auwerick, Auwerck, Auwreke, Awerck, Awreke, Awrik, Auwerich iyo Aurickeshove.

Sannadkii 1517, [[Edzard I, Count of East Frisia|Count Edzard]] oo ka tirsan Guriga [[Cirksena]] ayaa bilaabay dib u dhiska magaalada ka dib weerar. Sannadkii 1539, maamulka dhulka ayaa la isugu keenay Aurich, taas oo ka dhigtay caasimadda degmada iyo, hadhow, [[East Frisia]], iyada oo sii ahaanaysa xarunta maamulka dhulka markii East Frisia ay dhaxlay [[Kingdom of Prussia|Boqortooyada Prussia]] sannadkii 1744. Ka dib markii [[Prussian Army|Ciidanka Prussia]] laga adkaaday [[Battle of Jena|Dagaalkii Jena]] sannadkii 1807, Aurich waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Kingdom of Holland|Boqortooyada Holland]] sannadkii 1808. Sannadkii 1810, Boqortooyada Holland waxaa ku lifaaqay Faransiiska, Aurich-na waxaa laga dhigay caasimadda [[Departments of France|waaxda]] [[Ems-Oriental]] ee [[First French Empire|Boqortooyadii Koowaad ee Faransiiska]]. Ka dib markii Napoleon laga adkaaday 1814, waxay u gudubtay [[Kingdom of Hanover|Boqortooyada Hanover]] 1815, ka dibna waxaa ku lifaaqay Prussia 1866 waxaana laga dhigay qayb ka mid ah [[Province of Hanover|Gobolka Hanover]].

Laga bilaabo 21 Oktoobar 1944, ilaa 23 Disembar 1944, [[Nazi concentration camp|xero xabsi Nazi]] ayaa laga aasaasay Aurich. Xeradu waxay ahayd [[subcamp|xerada hoose]] ee [[Neuengamme concentration camp|xerada Neuengamme]].&lt;ref&gt;Xerada waxaa lagu taxay No. 51 Aurich, Kreis Aurich liiska rasmiga ah ee Jarmalka.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Aurich waxay qayb ka noqotay gobolka cusub ee [[Lower Saxony|Lower Saxony]].

== Golaha deegaanka ==
Golaha deegaanku wuxuu leeyahay 40 xubnood
Doorashadii Sebtembar 2016 waxay muujisay natiijooyinka soo socda&lt;ref name=&quot;Kommunalwahlen 2016 in der Stadt Aurich 1997&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Stadtratswahl – Gesamtergebnis | website=Kommunalwahlen 2016 in der Stadt Aurich | date=26 July 1997 | url=https://www.aurich.de/wahlen/kommunal2016/03452001/html5/Ratswahl_NDS_Gemeinde_Stadt_Aurich.html | language=de | access-date=22 February 2021 | archive-date=7 March 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307150350/https://www.aurich.de/wahlen/kommunal2016/03452001/html5/Ratswahl_NDS_Gemeinde_Stadt_Aurich.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]: 13 kuraas
*[[CDU/CSU|CDU]]: 11 kuraas
*AWG 4 kuraas
*Gemeinsam für Aurich (GfA), 4 kuraas
*[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Alliance 90/The Greens]] 3 kuraas
*[[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] 2 kuraas
*Grün-Alternative Politik (GAP) 2 kuraas
*[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]], 1 kursi

== Astaanta magaalada ==
Astaanta Aurich waxaa barbar dhigay [[blazon]]: &quot;Gacmo: Dhul-beereed leh cirka laba-saddexaad iyo dhulka saddexaad ee salka, [[shield|gaashaan]] Gules oo lagu qurxiyay xarafka '[[A]]' Or, [[crown (headgear)|taaj]] furan Or oo kor ah, laba [[tree|geed]] Vert oo sii kordhaya dhinacyada. Taaj: [[battlement|gidaar]] Gules leh saddex merlon iyo laba embrasure. Taageerayaal: Laba [[branch|laan]] oo [[mistletoe]] ah oo leh [[leaf|caleemo]] iyo [[berry|berry]] Or.&quot;.

Astaanta degmada ee leh [[Aurich (district)|magaca isku midka ah]] way ka duwan tahay.

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Aurich waa [[Sister city|mataan]] lala yahay:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Partnerstadt Appingedam|url=https://www.aurich.de/stadtinformationen/partnerstadt-appingedam.html|website=aurich.de|publisher=Aurich|language=de|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209085636/https://www.aurich.de/stadtinformationen/partnerstadt-appingedam.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Appingedam]], Netherlands

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Eucken-im-Alter.png|thumb|140px|[[Rudolf Eucken]]]]
[[File:Ellen Frank 013363.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Ellen Frank (actress)|Ellen Frank]], 1938]]
* [[Johan II of East Frisia]] (1538–1591), wada-taliyaha [[County of East Frisia|Degmada East Frisia]].
* [[Enno III, Count of East Frisia]] (1563–1625), [[List of counts of East Frisia|Count of Ostfriesland]] laga bilaabo 1599 ilaa 1625
* [[Liefmann Calmer]] (1711–1784), qof muhiim ah oo ka tirsan French Jewry qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad
* [[Johan Heinrich Becker]] (1715–1761), dhakhtar iyo kimistari degay Norway.
* [[Friedrich August Peter von Colomb]] (1775–1854), [[Prussia|Prussian]] general
* [[Rudolf von Jhering]] (1818–1892), jurist.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Jhering, Rudolf von |volume= 15 |last= Ashworth |first= Philip Arthur |author-link= Philip Arthur Ashworth | pages = 413&amp;ndash;414 |short= 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs]] (1819–1885), pathologist
* [[Karl Heinrich Ulrichs]] (1825–1895), qareen, jurist, suxufi, iyo qoraa
* [[Hin Bredendieck]] (1904–1995), naqshadeeye
* [[Ellen Frank (actress)|Ellen Frank]] (1904–1999), jilaa filim iyo TV.
* [[Laura Hillman]] (1923–2020), qoraa Mareykan ah iyo memoirist, iyo badbaade [[Holocaust]].
* [[Rudolf Eucken]] (1846–1926), faylasuuf, ku guuleystaha 1908 [[Nobel Prize for Literature|Abaalmarinta Nobel ee Suugaanta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Eucken, Rudolf Christoph |volume= 9 | page = 878 |short= 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1922 |wstitle= Eucken, Rudolf Christoph |volume = 31 |short= 1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Georg von Eucken-Addenhausen]] (1855–1942), jurist, siyaasi iyo duqa magaalada [[Jena]].
* [[Luise Dornemann]] (1901–1992), u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda haweenka-siyaasi iyo hadhow, qoraa.
* [[Karl Deichgräber]] (1903–1984), philologist classical
* [[Yitzhak Raveh]] (1906–1989), xaakim Israeli ah
* [[Aloys Wobben]] (1952–2021), injineer
* [[Jan-Christian Dreesen]] (dhashay 1967), sarkaalka maaliyadda ee [[FC Bayern Munich|FC Bayern]].
* [[Uwe Rosenberg]] (dhashay 1970), naqshadeeye ciyaaraha looxa
* [[Stefan Lampadius]] (dhashay 1976), jilaa iyo filim-sameeye.
* [[Wiard Siebels]] (dhashay 1978), siyaasi Jarmal ah
* [[Frank Löning]] (dhashay 1981), ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta oo ciyaaray 418 ciyaar
* [[Paul Ronzheimer]] (dhashay 1985), suxufi iyo wariye dagaal

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[List of subcamps of Neuengamme]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Aurich}}
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}
*Liiska rasmiga ah ee Jarmalka ee xeryaha lagu xiro [https://web.archive.org/web/20090423004151/http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html Diiwaanka xerada lagu xiro iyo xeryaha hoose] {{in lang|de}}

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|image_photo       =
|image_coa            = DEU Ausacker COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|54|43|N|9|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Ausacker in SL.PNG
|state        = 
|district             = Schleswig-Flensburg
|Amt               = Hürup
|elevation              = 41
|area            = 9.13
|postal_code               = 24975
|area_code           = 04633 u. 04634
|licence               = SL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 103
|website           = [http://www.amthuerup.de/ www.amthuerup.de]
|mayor     = Anke Dogs
|party            =
}}

'''Ausacker''' ({{langx|da|Oksager}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Ausleben</title>
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      <text bytes="1113" sha1="irq2y7jpizarr1xo01zprpiwkbu0a86" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = Ehem.Zentralschule.Ausleben.jpg
|image_coa            = DE-ST 15-0-83-035 Ausleben COA.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|5|24|N|11|7|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Ausleben in BK.png
|state        = 
|district         = Börde
|Verbandsgemeinde= Westliche Börde
|elevation              = 105
|area            = 33.29
|postal_code               = 39393
|area_code           = 039404
|licence               = BK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 83 035
|website           = [https://www.vgem-westlicheboerde.de/ www.vgem-westlicheboerde.de]
|mayor             = Dietmar Schmidt&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], waxaa la helay 8 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2017&amp;ndash;24
}}

'''Ausleben''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Börde (district)|Börde]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category-inline}}


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|image_coa            = DEU Auufer COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|55|N|9|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Auufer in IZ.png
|state        =
|district             = Steinburg
|Amt               = Breitenburg
|elevation              = 1
|area            = 5.12
|postal_code               = 25548
|area_code           = 04822
|licence               = IZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 005
|website           = [http://www.amt-breitenburg.de/ www.amt-&lt;br /&gt;breitenburg.de]
|mayor     = Fritz Körner
|party            =
}}

'''Auufer''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]].

{{Cities and towns in Steinburg (district)}}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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    <title>Baabe</title>
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|image_photo       = Baabe evangelische Dorfkirche 01.JPG
|image_caption     = Kaniisadda Evangelic (la dhisay 1929/30) ee Baabe
|coordinates       = {{coord|54|21|N|13|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Baabe_in_VR.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Vorpommern-Rügen
|Amt               = Mönchgut-Granitz
|elevation              = 10
|area            = 2.26
|postal_code               = 18586
|area_code           = 038303
|licence               = RÜG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 006
|website           = [http://www.baabe.de/ www.baabe.de]
|mayor             = Hartwig Diwisch
|party             = CDU
}}
'''Baabe''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]] ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]].

[[File:Baabe, Sellin (2011-05-21) 3.JPG|thumb|left|Muuqaal hawada sare ah oo Baabe ah oo ku wajahan [[beach|xeebaha]] ciidda leh ee [[Baltic Sea|Badda Baltic]]]]

== Goobaha la booqdo ==
&lt;!---what happened to this list?
→ ''See also: [[List of heritage buildings in Baabe]]'' ---&gt;

* Goobta lagu daawado ee ''Baaber Bollwerk''
* Guryo saqafkoodu ka samaysan yahay [[Thatched|caws]]
* [[Mönchgut Coastal Fishing Museum|Matxafka Kalluumeysiga Xeebta ee Mönchgut]]
* Kaniisadda Tuulada Baabe

Dhinaca waqooyi ee tuulada waxaa mara Mönchgraben, oo ah haraaga xuduuddii dhexe ee qarniyadii dhexe.

== Cimilada ==
Baabe, heerkulka celceliska ayaa aad u kala duwan. Marka la eego qoyaanka, heerkulku wuxuu dareemaa qabow nus sannadkii iyadoo ay jirto xoogaa roob ama baraf ah. Bilaha ugu diirran ee la booqdo waa Juun, Luulyo, iyo Agoosto oo leh heerkulkiisu yahay 74.5°F (23.6°C) iyo hoos u dhac dhan 58.5°F (14.7°C) habeenkii.

Bilaha leh fursadda ugu yar ee roob ama baraf muhiim ah Baabe waa Febraayo, Maarso, iyo Abriil, iyadoo kan ugu fiican yahay Maarso. Waxay u badan tahay inay roob ama baraf da'aan horraanta ilaa badhtamaha Janaayo iyadoo celcelis ahaan 2 maalmood oo roobab muhiim ah toddobaadkii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Best Time to Visit Ostseebad Baabe, Germany for Weather, Safety, &amp; Tourism {{!}} Champion Traveler |url=https://championtraveler.com/dates/best-time-to-visit-ostseebad-baabe-de/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=championtraveler.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Dalxiiska ==
Bilaha dalxiiska ee ugu mashquulka badan Baabe waa May, waxaa ku xiga Agoosto iyo Janaayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.baabe.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Baabe]
*[http://www.amt-moenchgut.de/ris/instanz_3/index.htm Baabe ee Amt Mönchgut-Granitz]


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|coordinates        = {{coord|50|42|52|N|7|38|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
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|state         = 
|district          = Altenkirchen (Westerwald)
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld
|elevation               = 297
|area             = 1.67
|postal_code                = 57610
|area_code            = 02681
|licence                = AK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 004
|website           = {{url|https://www.vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de/bachenberg|vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de}}
|mayor             = Ulrich Becker&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, waxaa la helay 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister
}}
'''Bachenberg''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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|image_coa            = DEU Bachhagel COA.svg
|coordinates      = {{coord|48|38|N|10|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_photo      = Bachhagel Mariä Himmelfahrt 61.JPG
|image_caption    = Kaniisadda Assumption of the Virgin Mary
|image_plan = Bachhagel in DLG.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Schwaben
|district         = Dillingen
|elevation              = 471
|area            = 19.72
|postal_code               = 89429
|area_code           = 09077
|licence               = DLG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 73 112
|mayor             = Ingo Hellstern&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
|website           = [http://www.bachhagel.de www.bachhagel.de]
}}

'''Bachhagel''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Dillingen (district)|Dillingen]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]]. Duqa magaalada ee hadda waa Ingo Hellstern.

== Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha degmada ==
* [[Ulrich Graf]] (1878-1950), siyaasi hanti-wadaag qaran, sarkaal xisbi iyo xubin ka tirsan SA iyo SS
* [[Hubert Schonger]] (1897-1978), agaasime filim iyo soo saare filim.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Bächingen</title>
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      <text bytes="1279" sha1="ei5o9azdavavdai8yg1t6pzljwerng3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Bächingen a.d.Brenz COA.svg
|image_photo = Bächingen an der Brenz Nikolaikirche 002.jpg
|image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Nicholas
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|32|47|N|10|18|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bächingen an der Brenz in DLG.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Schwaben
|district         = Dillingen
|elevation              = 440
|area            = 7.34
|postal_code               = 89431
|area_code           = 07325
|licence               = DLG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 73 113
|mayor             = Siegmund Meck&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
|website           = [http://www.baechingen.de www.baechingen.de]
}}

'''Bächingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Dillingen (district)|Dillingen]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]]. Magaaladu waa xubin ka tirsan [[Municipal association (Germany)|ururka degmada]] [[Gundelfingen an der Donau]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Bad Abbach</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Bad Abbach COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|56|N|12|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Abbach in KEH.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Niederbayern
|district         = Kelheim
|elevation              = 371
|area            = 55.26
|postal_code               = 93074–93077
|area_code           = 09405
|licence               = KEH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 73 116
|divisions         = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [https://www.bad-abbach.de/ www.bad-abbach.de]
|mayor             = Benedikt Grünewald&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
|image_photo      = Bad Abbach Innenstadt.JPG
|imagesize        = 
|image_caption    = Xarunta magaalada oo leh qasriga
}}

'''Bad Abbach''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈabax}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Kelheim (district)|Kelheim]], [[Bavaria]], Jarmalka. Sababo la xiriira ilaha baaruudda leh ee ku yaal, waxay leedahay heerka [[spa town|magaalada madadaalada (spa)]].

[[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II, Boqorkii Quduuska ahaa ee Roomaanka]] ayaa ku dhashay halkan sannadkii 973 AD.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://www.bad-abbach.de/ Bogga Bad Abbach]

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|name              = Bad Bayersoien
|type               =
|image_photo       = Bad Bayersoien - Eckbichl - Kapelle - Kirche v N.JPG
|image_caption     = Kaniisadda Saint George xilliga jiilaalka
|image_coa            = DEU Bad Bayersoien COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|41|N|11|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Bayersoien in GAP.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberbayern
|district         = Garmisch-Partenkirchen
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Saulgrub
|elevation              = 812
|area            = 17.65
|postal_code               = 82435
|area_code           = 08845
|licence               = GAP
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 80 113
|website           = [http://www.bad-bayersoien.de/ www.bad-bayersoien.de]
|mayor             = Gisela Kieweg&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = Ind
}}

'''Bad Bayersoien''' ({{Pronunciation|De-Bad Bayersoien.ogg}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] Jarmal ah oo ku taal degmada [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)|Garmisch-Partenkirchen]], ee [[Bavaria]].

Bishii Ogosto 2023, waxay soo gashay bogagga hore ee warka caalamka markii duufaan baraf ah (hailstorm) ay burburisay saqafyada guryaha, ay daloshay baalayaasha qorraxda ee saqafyada saaran, gaadiidkana ay ka sameysay godad ay sababtay baraf cabbirkiisu le'eg yahay kubbadda golf-ka oo ka dhashay dhacdo [[supercell]] ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Schuetze |first=Christopher F. |date=2023-08-27 |title=Hailstorm in Germany Rips Through a Town, Damaging Buildings and Cars |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/27/world/europe/hailstorm-damage-germany-bavaria.html |access-date=2023-08-28 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sawirro ==

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Bad Bayersoien Georg 2.jpg|Gothic Altar-ka kaniisadda [[Saint George]]
File:Bad Bayersoien Chapelle 30407.jpg|Kaniisad yar (Chapel)
File:Bad Bayersoien Village 30455.jpg|Guryo
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*{{Cite news |date=2023-08-26 |title=Massive Schäden nach Gewittern - Bad Bayersoien in Bayern |language=en |work=Weather online |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3r1LXpXnB4 |access-date=2023-08-28}}


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|type               = Ortsteil
|Town = [[Geestland]]
|image_coa            = Wappen Bad Bederkesa.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|37|34|N|08|50|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_photo       = Aerial photograph 400D 2012 05 28 9089 DxO.jpg
|image_caption     = Muuqaal hawada sare ah oo leh Lake Bederkesa
|image_plan = Beers in de Gemeen Geestland.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Cuxhaven
|elevation              = 9
|area            = 43.17
|population         = 5227
|Stand             = 2013-12-31
|postal_code               = 27624
|area_code           = 04745
|licence               = CUX
|website           = [https://www.geestland.eu/Unsere-Stadt/Leben-in-Geestland/Ortschaften/Bad-Bederkesa.htm geestland.eu]
}}

'''Bad Bederkesa''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbeːdɐkeːza}}; {{langx|nds|Beers}}) waa tuulo iyo degmo hore uga tirsanaan jirtay degmada [[Cuxhaven (district)|Cuxhaven]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Tan iyo 1 Janaayo 2015 waxay qayb ka tahay magaalada [[Geestland]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 20&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Bremerhaven]], iyo 30&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Cuxhaven]]. Bad Bederkesa waxay ahayd xaruntii hore ee ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmada wadajirka ah&quot;) [[Bederkesa (Samtgemeinde)|Bederkesa]], oo ah qayb maamul oo ka kooban degmooyin dhowr ah.

== Taariikh ==
Bad Bederkesa waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Boqortooyada-Arshibishop-ka ee Bremen]] (oo loo aasaasay sida amiirtooyinka [[imperial immediacy]] sannadkii 1180). Knights-ka Bederkesa, sida dhammaan goobta, waxaa ku dhacay cudurkii daacuunka sannadkii 1349/1350, iyadoo si buuxda u tirtirtay khadadka qoyska knightly badan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hucker 1972 22&quot;&gt;Bernd Ulrich Hucker, „Die landgemeindliche Entwicklung in Landwürden, Kirchspiel Lehe und Kirchspiel Midlum im Mittelalter“ (markii ugu horreysay lagu soo bandhigay 1972 muxaadaro ka dhacday shir ka mid ah ururka daraasadda shaqada taariikhiga ah ee waqooyiga Lower Saxon Landschaftsverbände oo lagu qabtay Oldenburg in Oldenburg), in: ''Oldenburger Jahrbuch'', vol.&amp;nbsp;72 (1972), pp. 1—22, halkan p.&amp;nbsp;22.&lt;/ref&gt; Qoyska knightly ee hoos u dhacaya ayaa ku dhacay dayn qoto dheer,&lt;ref name=&quot;Edert 2010 29&quot;&gt;Otto Edert, ''Neuenwalde: Reformen im ländlichen Raum'', Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 2010, p.&amp;nbsp;29. {{ISBN|978-3-8391-9479-9}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo – iyagoo hore u iibiyay hanti badan – waxay xitaa u kireeyeen kala badh maamulka Bailiwick ee Bederkesa (Amt Bederkesa) qoyska hiigsanaya {{Interlanguage link multi|Mandelsloh family|de|3=Mandelsloh (Adelsgeschlecht)}}.

Waxay mar kale lumiyeen kiradan magaalada [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]], markii sannadkii 1381 ciidankeedu ay joojiyeen saddexda walaalo ee Mandelsloh isku daygoodii ahaa inay saameyn ku yeeshaan amaahda laga siiyay Amiir-Arshibishop [[Albert II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Albert II]] awood dhuleed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Edert 2010 30&quot;&gt;Otto Edert, ''Neuenwalde: Reformen im ländlichen Raum'', Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 2010, p.&amp;nbsp;30. {{ISBN|978-3-8391-9479-9}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Mandelslohs iyo [[Robber baron (feudalism)|robber baron]]-yo kale oo ka socda [[Prince-Bishopric of Verden]] iyo Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen ayaa baabi'iyay muwaadiniinta magaalada Bremen iyo dadka ku nool dhammaan amiir-arshibishop-ka.

Sannadkii 1381 ciidanka magaalada ayaa si guul leh u soo afjaray [[brigandage|tuuganimada]] waxayna qabsadeen {{Interlanguage link multi|Bederkesa Castle|de|3=Burg Bederkesa|lt=Qasriga Bederkesa}} iyo bailiwick-ga la xiriira. Sidaas darteed Bremen waxay heshay meel ay ku xoojiso nabadda iyo kala dambeynta gudaha barxaddeeda hore ee webiga [[Weser]]. Sannadkii 1386 magaalada Bremen waxay noqotay [[liege lord|sayidka]] qoysaska sharafta leh, iyadoo haysata hantida {{Interlanguage link multi|Altluneburg|de}} iyo [[Elmlohe]], oo horay u ahaan jiray [[vassal|kaaliyayaal]] Knights-ka Bederkesa.

Sannadkii 1411 dukes-ka si wadajir ah u xukumaya Saxe-Lauenburg, aabbe [[Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric IV]] iyo wiilashiisa [[Eric V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric V]] iyo [[John IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|John IV]], ayaa u kireeyay saamigooda [[Vogt|Vogtei]] ee Bederkesa Bailiwick iyo qasriga [[Senate of Bremen]] oo ay ku jiraan dhammaan &quot;waxa ay ku leeyihiin xukunka Frisian [[Land Wursten|Land of Wursten]] iyo {{Interlanguage link multi|Lehe (Bremerhaven)|de|lt=Lehe}}, oo ka tirsan qasriga kor ku xusan iyo Vogtei&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hucker 1972 13&quot;&gt;Asalkii [[Middle Low German|Jarmalka Hoose ee Dhexe]]: „wes zee hebben an gherichte in Vreslande . . . unde an Lee, dat to deme vorscrevenen slote unde voghedie höret&quot;, halkan ka dib Bernd Ulrich Hucker, „Die landgemeindliche Entwicklung in Landwürden, Kirchspiel Lehe und Kirchspiel Midlum im Mittelalter“ (markii ugu horreysay lagu soo bandhigay 1972 muxaadaro ka dhacday shir ka mid ah ururka daraasadda shaqada taariikhiga ah ee waqooyiga Lower Saxon Landschaftsverbände oo lagu qabtay Oldenburg in Oldenburg), in: ''Oldenburger Jahrbuch'', vol.&amp;nbsp;72 (1972), pp. 1—22, halkan p.&amp;nbsp;13.&lt;/ref&gt; Saamigooda xukunka, Vogtei iyo qasriga waxaa laga helay Knights-kii daacuunka ku dhacay ee Bederkesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hucker 1972 13&quot;/&gt; Sannadkii 1421, Bremen waxay sidoo kale heshay qaybtii kale ee hadhay ee Bederkesa Knights oo ay ku jirto saamigooda hadhay ee Qasriga Bederkesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Edert 2010 30&quot;/&gt;

[[Image:Burg Bederkesa 2011 Nr. 3.jpg|thumb|left|Qasriga Bederkesa, tan iyo 1381 qalcadda hantida ''Magaalada Bremen'' ee gudaha ''Duchy of Bremen'', sannadkii 1654 loo dhiibay kan dambe.]] Sannadkii 1648 Amiir-Arshibishop-ka waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], kaas oo marka hore lagu xukumay [[personal union|midow shakhsi ah]] oo ay leedahay Boqortooyada Sweden. Bishii Noofambar 1654, ka dib [[Second Bremian War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Bremen]], Bremen waxay ahayd inay u dhiibto Bederkesa iyo Lehe Duchy of Bremen ({{Interlanguage link multi|First Stade Treaty|de|3=Erster Stader Vergleich}}). Sannadkii 1715 Duchy of Bremen waxay noqotay fief u ah [[House of Hanover|Guriga Hanover]]. Sannadkii 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Boqortooyada Westphalia]] ayaa ku lifaaqday Duchy-ga, ka hor inta uusan [[First French Empire|Faransiisku]] ku lifaaqin 1810. Sannadkii 1813 Duchy-ga waxaa loo soo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover|Degmada doorashada ee Hanover]], kaas oo - ka dib markii loo cusboonaysiiyay [[Kingdom of Hanover|Boqortooyada Hanover]] sannadkii 1814 - lagu daray Duchy-ga [[real union|midow dhab ah]] iyo dhulka Ducal, oo ay ku jirto Bederkesa, waxay qayb ka noqotay [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]] cusub, oo la aasaasay 1823.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

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    <title>Bad Bellingen</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Bad Bellingen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|43|54|N|7|33|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Bellingen in LÖ.svg
|image_photo = Bad Bellingen - St. Leodegar1.jpg
|image_caption = Kaniisadda [[Saint Leodegar|Saint Leodegar]]
|state        = 
|region  = Freiburg
|district         = Lörrach
|elevation              = 257
|area            = 16.93
|postal_code               = 79411–79415
|area_code           = 07635
|licence               = LÖ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 36 006
|divisions         = 4
|website           = [https://www.gemeinde-bad-bellingen.de/ www.gemeinde-bad-bellingen.de]
|mayor             = Carsten Vogelpohl&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, waxaa la helay 13 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2018&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Bad Bellingen''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbɛlɪŋən}}; [[High Alemannic German|High Alemannic]]: ''Bad Bellige'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Germany|Jarmalka]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Waxay ku taal xadka ay la wadaagto [[France]] dhanka galbeed. Waxay ku taal degmada Jarmalka ee [[Lörrach (district)|Lörrach]]. Magaalada ugu dhow ee weyn waa [[Müllheim]] oo qiyaastii 10&amp;nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi ka xigta.

Bad Bellingen waxay inta badan caan ku tahay [[hot spring|biyo-kululkeeda]] (sidaas darteed magaca, &quot;Bad&quot; oo ah Jarmal &quot;badeed&quot;). Sidoo kale taariikh ahaan waa meel ay Jarmalku kaga soo kabsadeen dhibaatooyinka caafimaad sida ay u oggolaayeen xeerarka caafimaadka ee jirey ka hor qarnigii 20-aad.

Magaaladu waa [[town twinning|mataan]] lala yahay [[Reigoldswil]] ee dalka Switzerland.

== Meelaha xiisaha leh ==
* [[Kurpark Bad Bellingen]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://www.bad-bellingen.de/ www.bad-bellingen.de]

{{Commons category|Bad Bellingen}}


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      <text bytes="6245" sha1="b7w43pa8ftq2igg4eg4j5ihx99ctq0j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type              = Stadt
|image_photo       = BadBergzabernSchloss.png
|image_coa         = DEU Bad Bergzabern COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49.10280|7.99913|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Bergzabern in SÜW.svg
|state             = 
|district          = Südliche Weinstraße
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Bad Bergzabern
|elevation         = 170
|area              = 10.71
|postal_code       = 76887
|area_code         = 06343
|licence           = SÜW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 37 005
|website           = [https://www.bad-bergzabern.de/ www.bad-bergzabern.de]
|mayor             = Hermann Augspurger&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, waxaa la helay 10 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24 
|party             = 
}}

'''Bad Bergzabern''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbɛʁktsaːbɐn|lang|Bad bergzabern.ogg}}; {{langx|pfl|Berchzawwre}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Südliche Weinstraße]], oo ku taal [[German Wine Route|Jidka Khamriga ee Jarmalka]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal meel u dhow xadka [[France]], koonfur-bari ee [[Palatinate forest|kaynta Palatinate]], qiyaastii {{Convert|15|km|mi}} koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Landau]].

Bad Bergzabern waa xarunta ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmada wadajirka ah&quot;) [[Bad Bergzabern (Verbandsgemeinde)|Bad Bergzabern]].

Bad Bergzabern waxay leedahay dhaqan ahaan goob loo dalxiis tago waxayna ka kooban tahay guryo kala duwan oo alwaax ah oo laga dhisay qarniyadii toddoba iyo tobnaad iyo siddeed iyo tobnaad. Waxa si gaar ah xusid mudan qarnigii hore waa Gasthaus Zum Engel (1579), kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inuu yahay dhismaha Renaissance ee ugu quruxda badan [[Palatinate (region)|guud ahaan gobolka]].

[[File:Zum Engel Bad Bergzabern.jpg|thumb|left|Bad Bergzabern: Gasthaus Zum Engel (1579) )]]
[[File:Bad Bergzabern.JPG|thumb|left|Bad Bergzabern subax jiilaal ah, laga arkay Zeppelinstraße]]

== Taariikh ==
Qarnigii lix iyo tobnaad aqoonyahannada maxalliga ah ayaa aad u xiisaynayay inay sheegaan in magaalada la aasaasay xilligii Roomaanka, ilo ka yimid muddadan waxay u tixraacaan magaca Laatiinka ee qarniyadii dhexe ''Tabernae Montanae'' (turj. &quot;[[taverns|makhaayadaha]] buuraha&quot;). In kasta oo aaggu uu runtii hoos imanayay gacanta Boqortooyada Roomaanka agagaarka bilowgii xilligeenna, caddayntu ma taageerayso fikradda ah in Bad Bergzabern ay asalkeeda dib ugu noqoto fog intaas.

Sannadkii 1525 dhir-yaqaankii caanka ahaa [[Jacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus]] ayaa halkan ku dhashay.

Sannadkii 1676, intii lagu guda jiray [[Franco-Dutch War|Dagaalkii Franco-Dutch]], Faransiiskii hoos yimid [[Louis XIV]] ayaa si xun u burburiyay [[Palatinate (region)|gobolka Palatinate]] iyada oo qayb ka ah qorshe lagu ballaarinayo Faransiiska. Bad Bergzabern intooda badan waa la dumiyay geeddi-socodkaas. Mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha yar ee ka badbaaday gubashadii boqorka Faransiiska ee magaalada wuxuu ahaa xafiiska maamulka ee duke-ga maxalliga ah, kaas oo hadhow noqday Gasthaus zum Engel.

Dib-u-dhisku wuxuu bilaabmay qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad iyadoo uu hogaaminayay [[Gustav, Duke of Zweiglücken|Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken]]. Shaqadu waxay ku lug lahayd dhismayaal dhagax ah oo qaabkii Baroque ee cusub ee moodada ahaa waxayna ku jirtay Schloss degitaan ah oo loogu talagalay duke-ga. Mashruuca waxaa hogaaminayay naqshadeeyaha [[Jonas Erikson Sundahl]] (1678-1762) oo la wadaagay duke-ga asal ahaan [[Sweden|Swedish]].

Friedrich Julius Marx, ayaa qoray taariikh gaaban oo ku saabsan Bergzabern „Oratio de Tabernis Montanis“ (Zweibrücken 1730).

Maamulkii dukes-ka Zweibrücken wuxuu ku dhammaaday [[French Revolution|Kacaankii Faransiiska]]. 10 Noofambar 1792 dadka magaalada waxay codsadeen in lagu daro [[French First Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Faransiiska]] cusub. Qarni ka dib xuduudihii hore ee Faransiiska ayaa la soo celiyay ka dib dhicitaankii [[Napoleon]], si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyo iyadoo la raacayo shuruudaha [[Treaty of Paris (1815)|Nabadgelyadii Labaad ee Paris (10 Noofambar 1815)]] gobolka oo dhan wuxuu hoos yimid xukunka boqorradii Wittelsbach ee [[Bavaria]].

== Horumarinta dadweynaha ==
1871-1987: Natiijooyinka tirakoobka:
{| border=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:0em;&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1815 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2.745
|-
| 1835 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2.716
|-
| 1871 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2.419
|-
| 1905 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2.837
|-
| 1939 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 5.018
|-
| 1950 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 4.059
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:0em;&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1961 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 5.446
|-
| 1970 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 5.392
|-
| 1987 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 6.405
|-
| 1997 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 8.139
|-
| 2005 || align=&quot;right&quot; | 7.936
|-
| {{EWDJ|DE-RP}} || align=&quot;right&quot; | {{Population Germany|key=07337005}} 
|}
|}

== Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada ==
[[File:Konrad Knoll.jpg|thumb|150px|Konrad Knoll qiyaastii 1860]]
* [[Konrad Hubert]] (1507-1577), fiqiga iyo muusikiiste
* [[Tabernaemontanus]] (dhab ahaan: Jakob Theodor von Bergzaben; 1522-1590), borofisar dhirta iyo daawada, oo lagu sharfay &quot;aabaha cilmiga dhirta Jarmalka&quot;
* [[Johann Wolff]] (1537-1600), qareen, diblomaasi iyo taariikhyahan
* {{ill|Johann Wilhelm Petersen (librarian)|de|Johann Wilhelm Petersen (Bibliothekar)}} (1758-1815), maktabad-yaqaan
* [[Georg Weber (historian)|Georg Weber]] (1808-1888), philologist iyo taariikhyahan
* [[Karl Culmann]] (1821-1881), injineer madani ah, injineer dhismeed
* [[Konrad Knoll]] (1829-1899), xardhaha
* [[Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Döderlein|Ludwig Döderlein]] (1855-1936), cilmi-baaraha xayawaanka iyo borofisar
* [[Oskar Bolza]] (1857-1942), xisaabiyaha
* {{ill|Hans Hoffmann (politician)|de|Hans Hoffmann (Politiker, 1893)}} (1893-1952), siyaasi (SPD)
* [[Kurt Beck]] (dhashay 1949), siyaasi (SPD), 1994-2013 [[Prime Minister|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] 1994-2013
* [[Oliver Stang]] (dhashay 1988), ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Wikivoyage|Bad Bergzabern}}
{{Commons category-inline}}

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    <title>Bad Berka</title>
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|coordinates       = {{coord|50|54|0|N|11|16|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|type               = Stadt
|image_coa            = DEU Bad Berka COA.png
|image_plan = Bad Berka in AP.png
|image_photo = Bad Berka.JPG
|image_caption = 
|state        = 
|district         = Weimarer Land
|divisions        = 9 Stadtteile
|area            = 55.32
|elevation              = 275
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 71 003
|licence           = AP
|postal_code       = 99438
|area_code         = 036458
|mayor             = Michael Jahn&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&amp;wJahr=0000&amp;zeigeErg=LAND&amp;auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Waxaa la helay 25 June 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;30
|party             = CDU
|website           = {{URL|https://www.bad-berka.de/}}
}}

'''Bad Berka''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbɛʁka|lang|Bad berka.ogg}}) waa [[spa town|magaalo dalxiis oo biyo-kulul leh]] oo Jarmal ah, kuna taal koonfurta gobolka Weimar ee gobolka [[Thuringia]]. Iyada oo leh ku dhawaad 8,000 oo qof, Bad Berka waa magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn degmada [[Weimarer Land]] (ka dib [[Apolda]], oo leh 23,000). Webiga mara magaalada, oo ku dhex yaal dhagax cas oo cusub, ayaa la yiraahdaa [[Ilm (Thuringia)|Ilm]]. Tan iyo 1 Diseembar 2008, magaaladu waxay ku dartay degmadii hore ee [[Gutendorf]].

Bad Berka waa magaalo dalxiis oo leh ilo qani ku ah birta iyo xarumaha [[Sebastian Kneipp|Kneipp]]. Sannadkii 2002 ayaa magaalada la guddoonsiiyay abaalmarinta &quot;Goobta Dalxiiska ee Dawladdu Aqoonsan tahay oo leh Xarun Caafimaad oo leh Il-biyood Mineral ah&quot;. 
Si loo daweeyo [[tuberculosis]], rug caafimaad ayaa la dhisay sannadkii 1952. Tani waxay ahayd bilowgii qaybta ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha magaalada. Zentralklinik ee Bad Berka ayaa tan iyo markaas kasbatay sumcad ahaan xarun khibrad caafimaad oo aad uga baxsan xuduudaha Jarmalka. Aasaaskeeda waxaa dib loo raaci karaa 1898. 
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray rugta dib-u-habaynta oo la dhisay ka dib [[Berlin Wall#The Fall|dhicitaankii Derbiga Berlin]]. &quot;Median-Klinik&quot; waxay ka kooban tahay laba dhisme, kuwaas oo la furay 1994 iyo 1997.

Sababo la xiriira u dhowaanshaha caasimadda dhaqanka [[Weimar]] iyo xiriirka ay la leedahay tiro dad caan ah oo taariikhi ah, Bad Berka sidoo kale waa caan dalxiisayaasha dhexdooda. Intii u dhaxaysay 1812 iyo 1828 [[Goethe]] wuxuu booqday saaxiibkiis [[Heinrich Friedrich Schütz]] dhowr jeer. Waxa kale oo uu ka qayb qaatay qorshayaasha goobta dalxiiska. Sidaa darteed, Bad Berka waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa &quot;Das Goethebad im Grünen&quot; (Goethe spa cagaaran). Bad Berka waxaa ku hareeraysan kaymo spruce iyo beech ah.

Magaalooyinka kale ee waaweyn ee u dhow waa [[Jena]] ({{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} waqooyi-bari), [[Erfurt]] ({{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} waqooyi-galbeed) iyo [[Weimar]] ({{convert|12|km|0|abbr=on}} waqooyi).

== Taariikh ==
Sannadkii 1251, [[Cistercian nunnery|kaneesada Cistercian]] ayaa laga aasaasay Bad Berka, goobta dalxiiska ee [[sulphur bath|biyaha baaruudda]] waxaa la aasaasay 1813.

Gudaha [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]] (1871–1918), Bad Berka waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]].
  
Sannadkii 1945, bartilmaameedyada duqeynta ee [[Oil Campaign of World War II|Ololeha Saliidda ee Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] waxay ahaayeen warshadda saliidda ee Bad Berka,&lt;ref name=McKillop&gt;

{{cite web|last=McKillop |first=Jack |title=March 1945 |url=http://www.usaaf.net/chron/45/mar45.htm |work=Combat Chronology of the USAAF |access-date=7 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kaydinta saliidda,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Lt. Donald A. Jones |url=http://www.100thbg.com/mainpages/crews/crews1/jones_da1.htm |work=100th Bomb Group (Heavy): The Bloody Hundredth |publisher=100THBG.COM |access-date=7 April 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo warshadda [[forced labor|shaqo qasabka ah]] ee dhulka hoostiisa ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Aroneanu |first=Eugène |author2=Whissen, Thomas |year=1996 |title=Inside the Concentration Camps |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNrqjiyIOhYC&amp;pg=PA148 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |page=148 |isbn=978-0-275-95446-8 |access-date=7 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bandhiga muusigga ee sannadlaha ah ee [[Party.San Open Air]] ayaa markii ugu horreysay la qabtay 1996.
{{clear}}

[[File:Rathaus Bad Berka.JPG|thumb|180px|Bad Berka Town hall]]

== Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada ==

* Otto Fries (1849–1905), siyaasi [[National Liberal Party (Germany)|Xisbiga Qaranka ee Xorta ah (Jarmalka)]], xubin ka tirsan Reichstag
* Hugo Günther (1891–1954), xisbi hawlwadeen (SPD/KPD/KPO/SED) iyo agaasimaha caymiska
* [[Hans Carl Nipperdey]] (1895–1968), borofisar sharciga, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maxkamadda Shaqada ee Federaalka
* Hartmut Griesmayr (dhashay 1945), qoraa filim iyo agaasime
* [[Henry Augustus Siebrecht|Henry Augustus Siebrecht, horticulturalist]] (1839–1934) wuxuu ku dhashay Berka, wuxuu wax ku bartay Göttingen, wuxuuna u haajiray Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/06/20/archives/ha-siebreghtdies-landscape-artist-horticulturist-ffirst-to-grow.html|title = H.A. SIEBREGHTDIES; LANDSCAPE ARTIST; Horticulturist, ffirst to Grow Lilies of the Valley in the' Winter Time, Was 85. LAID OUT NOTED GARDENS Took Active Part in Building up Coney Island -- First Florist to Have Fifth av. Shop.|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 20 June 1934}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dadka la xiriira magaalada ==
[[File:Carl Schenk - Dietrich Georg Kieser 1858.jpg|thumb|150px|Dietrich Georg von Kieser 1858]]
* [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] (1749–1832), qoraa, wuxuu halkaas joogay sidii booqde iyo marti qubays ah
* [[Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz]] (1751–1792), abwaan ka tirsan [[Sturm und Drang]], wuxuu halkan ku qoray dhowr shaqooyin
* [[Dietrich Georg von Kieser]] (1779–1862), dhakhtar caafimaad, wuxuu u shaqeeyay sidii dhakhtar ka tirsan Berka
* [[Adolf Brütt]] (1855–1939), xardhaha, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay Weimar iyo Bad Berka, tan iyo 1928 muwaadin sharafeedka magaalada
* [[Hans Gerhard Gräf]] (1864–1942), cilmi-baare Goethe, wuxuu baaray xiriirka ka dhexeeya Goethe iyo Bad Berka
* [[Martin Hellberg]] (1905–1999), qoraa, jilaa iyo agaasime, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay oo ku noolaa Bad Berka
* [[Wolfgang Blochwitz]] (1941–2005), ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta, firfircoon oo kale ah Carl Zeiss Jena, wuxuu ku dhintay Bad Berka
* [[Albrecht Schröter]] (dhashay 1955), baraha iyo saynisyahanka bulshada, Duqa magaalada Jena 2006 ilaa 2018, wuxuu u shaqeeyay sidii afhayeen ka tirsan ThILLM ee Bad Berka 1996 ilaa 2000
* [[Henry Augustus Siebrecht]] (1849–1934), ubaxlaha, &quot;Aabaha Fifth Avenue&quot;

== Mataanaynta magaalooyinka ==

Bad Berka waxay [[Sister cities|mataan]] la tahay:
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Żabno]], Poland
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Solesmes, Nord]], France

{{Commons category|Bad Berka}}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


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    <title>Bad Bevensen</title>
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|type               = Stadt
|image_coa            = DEU Bad Bevensen COA.svg
|image_photo      = Der-Marktplatz-in-Bad-Bevensen-mit-Blick-auf-die-Dreikoenigskirche.jpg
|image_caption    = Fagaaga Suuqa oo leh Kaniisadda Saddexda Boqor
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|04|45|N|10|35|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Bevensen in UE.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Uelzen
|Samtgemeinde      = Bevensen-Ebstorf
|elevation              = 36
|area            = 48.36
|postal_code               = 29549
|area_code           = 05821
|licence               = UE
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 60 002
|website           = [http://www.bad-bevensen.de/ www.bad-bevensen.de]
|mayor     = Gabriele Meyer
|party            = Greens
}}
[[File:Bad Bevensen - Brückenstraße 07 ies.jpg|thumb|left|Guri alwaax ah oo ku yaal ''Brückenstraße'']]

'''Bad Bevensen''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbeːvn̩zn̩|-|Bad bevensen.ogg}}; {{langx|nds|Bämsen}}) waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ku taal waqooyiga [[Uelzen (district)|degmada Uelzen]] ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal bariga [[Lüneburg Heath]] (''Lüneburger Heide''). Webiga [[Ilmenau River|Ilmenau]], oo ah meel ay ku shubaan webiga [[Elbe]], ayaa dhex mara Bad Bevensen. Bad Bevensen waa [[spa town|magaalo dalxiis oo biyo-kulul leh]] oo caan ah.

Bad Bevensen waa xarunta ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmada wadajirka ah&quot;) [[Bevensen-Ebstorf]].

Degmada waxaa lagu daray tuulooyinka Gollern, Groß Hesebeck, Jastorf, Klein Bünstorf, Klein Hesebeck, Medingen, Röbbel, Sasendorf iyo Seedorf. Jastorf waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|3|km|0|abbr=off}} koonfurta xarunta magaalada. Waa goobta qabuuraha xilligii birta taas oo siisay magaca [[Jastorf culture]].

Ka hor shirwaynihii G20 ee 2017, xagjiriinta garabka bidix waxay dab qabadsiiyeen magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.welt.de/regionales/niedersachsen/article165680602/Brandanschlaege-auf-Bahn-in-Bad-Bevensen-und-Bremen.html Brandanschläge auf Bahn in Bad Bevensen und Bremen] Die Welt, 19.06.2017&lt;/ref&gt;

== Xiriirka caalamiga ah ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}

=== Mataanaynta magaalooyinka ===
Bad Bevensen waa [[twin towns and sister cities|mataan]] lala yahay:
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Chojnice]] Poland

== Dadka caanka ah ==

*Ilse Falk (dhashay 1943), siyaasi iyo Xubin Baarlamaanka (CDU)
*[[Ulrich Sinn]] (dhashay 1945), Professor-ka Cilmiga Arkiyoolajiyada
*[[Joachim Eigenherr]] (dhashay 1947), ciyaaryahan
*Volker Bescht (dhashay 1951), Brigadier General ee [[Bundeswehr]]
*Heinrich Lange (dhashay 1955), Vice Admiral ee [[German navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Jarmalka]]

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Gustav Stresemann Institute]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Bad Bevensen}}

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    <title>Bad Bibra</title>
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|type              = Stadt
|image_photo       = BadbibraBadeplatz.JPG
|image_caption     = Fagaaga magaalada
|image_coa         = Wappen Bad_Bibra.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|12|N|11|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Bibra in BLK.svg
|state             = 
|district          = Burgenlandkreis
|Verbandsgemeinde  = An der Finne
|elevation         = 152
|area              = 49.77
|postal_code       = 06647
|area_code         = 034465
|licence           = BLK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 15084015
|website           = [http://www.bad-bibra.de/ www.bad-bibra.de]
|mayor             =  Frederik Sandner&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]]. Waxaa la helay 6 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2023&amp;ndash;30
|party             = 
}}

'''Bad Bibra''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbiːbʁa|lang|Bad bibra.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Burgenlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Naumburg]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmada wadajirka ah&quot;) [[An der Finne]]. Tan iyo Luulyo 2009 waxay ku dartay degmooyinkii hore ee [[Altenroda]], [[Golzen]] iyo [[Thalwinkel]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-januar-dezmber.html Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2020, magaaladu waxay heshay dareenka warbaahinta sababo la xiriira iibinta [[Deutsches Reichsbräu]], oo ah biir qaabka neo-Nazi ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-51265269|title=German police probe Nazi-style beer brand|work=BBC News|date=27 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Erdmann Neumeister 1719.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Erdmann Neumeister 1719]]
* [[Erdmann Neumeister]] (1671-1756), abwaanka heesaha iyo fiqiga; laga soo bilaabo 1696 wadaad ka tirsan Bibra iyo ilaa 1700/1702 qoraaga gabayga &quot;Nachdenckliche Betrachtungen des curieusen Brunnengastes zu Biebra&quot;. (Fikrado ku saabsan dalxiisayaasha spa ee Biebra)
* [[Christoph Förster]] (1693-1745), muusikiiste iyo violin-yaqaan
* Friedrich Zippel (1887-1960) wuxuu ahaa [[Protestant|Protestant]] [[priest|wadaad]], xubin ka tirsan [[Confessing Church]] (BK), dhibane NS iyo maxbuus ku jiray [[Dachau concentration camp|xeryaha fiirsashada ee Dachau]].
* Friedrich August Ludwig Nietzsche (1756-1826) ee [[Eilenburg]]), [[theologian|fiqi]] Jarmal ah, awoowe u ahaa faylasoofka [[Friedrich Nietzsche]].
{{clear left}}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}


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      <text bytes="1184" sha1="qnwikitncd21a2deposzdjz8jz1h1ye" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = Pfarrkirche Bad Birnbach.JPG
|image_caption     = Kaniisadda Parish ee Bad Birnbach
|image_coa            = DEU Bad Birnbach COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|27|N|13|05|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Birnbach in PAN.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Niederbayern
|district         = Rottal-Inn
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Birnbach
|elevation              = 376
|area            = 68.83
|postal_code               = 84364
|area_code           = 08563
|licence               = PAN
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 77 113
|website           = [https://www.badbirnbach.de/ www.badbirnbach.de]
|mayor             = Dagmar Feicht&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
}}

'''Bad Birnbach''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbɪʁnbax}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rottal-Inn]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Jarmalka]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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      <text bytes="3183" sha1="dr3yt0h0u1xln9s2nc9gmamnobxmxtv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|type              = Stadt
|image_photo       = BadBlankenburgMarktplatz.jpg
|image_coa         = Wappen Bad Blankenburg.jpg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|41|N|11|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Blankenburg in SLF.png
|state             = 
|district          = Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
|elevation         = 220
|area              = 35.62
|postal_code       = 07422
|area_code         = 036741
|licence           = SLF
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 73 005
|divisions         = 8
|website           = [http://www.bad-blankenburg.de/ www.bad-blankenburg.de]
|mayor             = Thomas Schubert&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&amp;wJahr=0000&amp;zeigeErg=LAND&amp;auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Waxaa la helay 25 June 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;30
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Bad Blankenburg''' ({{IPA|de|bat ˈblaŋkn̩bʊʁk|-|Bad blankenburg.ogg}}) waa [[spa town|magaalo dalxiis oo biyo-kulul leh]] oo ku taal degmada [[Saalfeld-Rudolstadt]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal 6&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Rudolstadt]], iyo 37&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Erfurt]]. Waxay aad ugu caan tahay inay tahay goobta [[kindergarten|xannaanada carruurta]] ee ugu horreysay ee [[Friedrich Fröbel|Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel]], sannadkii 1837.

Xagga waqooyi, oo ku taal meel sare, ayaa waxaa ku yaal burburka quruxda badan ee [[:de:Burg Greifenstein (Bad Blankenburg)|qalcadda Greifenstein]], oo uu dhisay boqorkii Jarmalka [[Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse|Henry I]], iyo laga soo bilaabo 1275 ilaa 1583 waxay ahayd kursiga [[cadet branch|laanta yaryar]] ee [[House of Schwarzburg|counts of Schwarzburg]].&lt;ref name=EB1911&gt;{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Blankenburg |volume=4 |page=41}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, Bad Blankenburg waxay qayb ka ahayd [[principality|maamul-goboleedka]] yar ee [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]].

Bad Blankenburg waa xarunta [[Evangelische Allianz|Deutsche Evangelische Allianz]], oo ah shabakad iskaashi oo ka kooban inta badan kaniisadaha Protestant-ka ee Jarmalka.

== Dadweynihii Taariikhiga ahaa ==

Dadweynihii Taariikhiga ahaa ''(laga bilaabo 1960 ilaa 31 Diseembar)'':
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 1834: 1,256
* 1933: 4,557
* 1939: 5,307
* 1960: 10,126
* 1994: 8,323
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 1995: 8,197
* 1996: 8,136
* 1997: 8,076
* 1998: 8,037
* 1999: 7,963
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 2000: 7,909
* 2001: 7,764
* 2002: 7,688
* 2003: 7,658
* 2004: 7,613
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 2005: 7,498
* 2006: 7,363
* 2007: 7,281
* 2008: 7,235
* 2009: 7,173
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 2010: 7,047
* 2011: 6,873
* 2012: 6,816
* 2013: 6,724
* 2014: 6,644
|}
: &lt;small&gt; Isha xogta laga bilaabo 1994: Xafiiska Thuringian ee Tirakoobka&lt;/small&gt;

== Mataanaynta magaalooyinka ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Tarnów Opolski]], [[Poland]]
|}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Bad Blankenburg}}
*[http://www.bad-blankenburg.de/ Bad Blankenburg]


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|image_coa            = DEU Bad Bocklet COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|16|N|10|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Bocklet in KG.svg
|image_photo = Bocklet-vom-Kurpark.JPG
|image_caption = Aragtida Bad Bocklet oo laga soo bilaabay beerta dalxiiska
|state        = 
|region  = Unterfranken
|district         = Bad Kissingen
|elevation              = 230
|area            = 37.92
|postal_code               = 97708
|area_code           = 09708
|licence               = KG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 72 112
|divisions         = 7 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [https://www.badbocklet.de/ www.badbocklet.de]
|mayor             = Andreas Sandwall&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]]. Waxaa la helay 5 September 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2023&amp;ndash;29
|party             = CSU
}}
'''Bad Bocklet''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbɔkleːt}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Bad Kissingen (district)|Bad Kissingen]] ee Bavaria ee dalka Jarmalka. Waa magaalo suuq ah iyo goob caafimaad oo biyo-kulul leh.

== Juquraafi ==
Bad Bocklet waxay ku taal leexada webiga [[Fränkische Saale]] ee [[Franconia]] qiyaastii 10&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi ka xigta caasimadda degmada [[Bad Kissingen]]. Dhinaca waqooyi, degmadu waxay xuduud la leedahay degmada [[Rhön-Grabfeld]].

== Qaybaha degmada ==
Degmada waxay u qaybsantaa magaalooyinkan soo socda:
*Bad Bocklet
*Aschach
*Großenbrach
*Hohn
*Nickersfelden
*Steinach an der Saale
*Roth an der Saale

== Taariikh ==
Bocklet waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu diiwaangeliyay 1122 diiwaannada kaniisadda ee [[Aura an der Saale]].

Iyada oo uu jiro [[German mediatization|secularization]] (ka fogeynta diinta dowladda) sannadkii 1803, dhulka degmadu hadda waa qayb ka mid ah Bavaria. [[Treaty of Pressburg (1805)|Heshiiskii Pressburg]] ee u dhexeeyay Faransiiska iyo Austria sannadkii 1805, dhulkii Bishop-ka Würzburg waxaa la siiyay [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany]], waxaana laga dhigay [[Grand Duke of Würzburg]], oo ahayd dowlad cusub, abaalmarin ahaan taageeradiisii [[Napoleon]]. Dhulalkan ayaa markaas mar kale qayb ka noqday Bavaria sannadkii 1814 (markan si joogto ah) markii laga adkaaday Napoleon.

Sannadkii 1937, magaalada si rasmi ah loogu magacaabay Bad Bocklet.

Sannadkii 1972, magaalooyinka Aschach bei Bad Kissingen iyo Großenbrach waxay noqdeen qayb ka mid ah degmada, waxaa ku xigay 1978 Steinach an der Saale.

== Dowladda ==
{{update section|date=July 2021}}
''Marktgemeinderat'' (golaha degmada) ee Bad Bocklet wuxuu leeyahay 17 xubnood, oo uu ku jiro duqa magaalada. Xubnahaas, 10 waxay ahaayeen [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]], 3 [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] / Muwaadiniinta Madaxa-bannaan (UB), iyo 4 Bulshada Doorashada Kiristaanka (Christian Electoral Community) sannadkii 2002.

== Dalxiis ==
Goobta dalxiiska ee Bishop-ka Würzburg, oo la dhisay qarnigii 18-aad ayaa ah soo jiidashada ugu weyn ee dhismaha. Waxay leedahay beerta aad u weyn.

''Straßenfest'' (bandhiga waddada) sanadle ah wuxuu dhacaa bisha Maajo.

'''Steinach an der Saale'''
[[File:Schloss Aschach 02.jpg|thumb|upright|Schloss Aschach]]
Kaniisadda St. Nikolaus ee {{Interlanguage link multi|Steinach an der Saale|de}} waxay leedahay iskutallaab uu sameeyay [[Tilman Riemenschneider]].

Burburka qalcadda Steineck waxay ku yaallaan buur u dhexaysa Steinach iyo Hohn. Magaalada gudaheeda, waxaa ku yaal labadaba qasriga duugga ah iyo kan cusub. ''Bergkapelle'' iyo qabuuraha Yuhuudda waa goobo mudan in la booqdo.

'''Aschach'''

''Schloss Aschach'' hadda waa hoyga matxafka [[Counts of Luxburg|Graf Luxburg]].

'''Hohn'''

Hohn waxay leedahay guryo badan oo duug ah oo [[Fachwerkhaus|alwaax isku-dhafan]] ah.

'''Roth an der Saale'''

Ruppels mill waa warshad duug ah oo biyaha ku shaqeysa.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}
* Herbert Schultheis: &quot;Bad Bocklet – Geschichte der Ortsteile Aschach und Großenbrach&quot; in ''Bad Neustädter Beiträge zur Geschichte und Heimatkunde Frankens'', vol 6. Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale 1996. {{ISBN|3-9800482-9-2}}.

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}


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    <title>Bad Bodenteich</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Bad Bodenteich COA.svg
|image_photo       = Bad Bodenteich - Hauptstraße - St Petri ex 05 ies.jpg
|image_caption     = Kaniisadda Saint Peter
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|50|04|N|10|40|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Bodenteich in UE.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Uelzen
|Samtgemeinde      = Aue
|elevation              = 55
|area            = 49.88
|postal_code               = 29389
|area_code           = 05824
|licence               = UE
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 60 005
|divisions        = 9
|website           = [http://www.bad-bodenteich.de/ www.bad-bodenteich.de]
|mayor     = Jörg Formella (laga bilaabo 29 Jan 2020)
|party            = CDU
}}

'''Bad Bodenteich''' ([[Eastphalian dialect|Eastphalian]]: ''Bonndiek'') waa degmo ka tirsan [[Uelzen (district)|degmada Uelzen]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 17&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Uelzen]].

Bad Bodenteich waxay ahayd kursiga ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmo wadajir ah&quot;) oo hore [[Bodenteich (Samtgemeinde)|Bodenteich]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Bad Bodenteich}}


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|type=Gemeinde
|image_photo = Boll Center Dec2007.jpg
|image_caption = Xarunta magaalada oo leh Kaniisadda [[Saint Cyriacus]]
|image_coa = DEU Bad Boll COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|48|38|22|N|9|36|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Boll in GP.svg
|state = 
|region  = Stuttgart
|district = Göppingen
|elevation = 427
|area = 10.95
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08117012
|mayor = Hans-Rudi Bührle&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, Waxaa la helay 12 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;28
|postal_code = 73085–73087
|area_code = 07164
|licence = GP
|website = {{URL|https://www.bad-boll.de/}}
}}

'''Bad Boll''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbɔl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]].

== Taariikh ==
Sannadkii 1321, [[County of Württemberg]] waxay iibsatay cinwaanka Bad Boll waxayna ku guuleysatay inay haysato ''[[de jure]]'', laakiin ''[[de facto]]'' waxaa weli maamuli jiray kaniisad maxalli ah. Taasi way isbeddeshay markii uu [[Duchy of Württemberg]] u rogmaday [[Lutheranism]] iyo qabsashadii hantida kaniisadda. Laga soo bilaabo 1321, Bad Boll waxaa la geliyay xukunka [[Göppingen]]. [[hot springs|Ilo-biyoodyada kulul]] ee ku hareeraysan Bad Boll waxaa la helay 1595. Hal sano ka dib, goobtii ugu horreysay ee dalxiis ee degmada waxaa dhisay {{ill|Heinrich Schickhardt|de}}. Goobtaas dalxiiska dib ayaa loo dhisay waxaana la ballaariyay 1823 ilaa 1825. Eckwälden waxaa lagu daray Bad Boll sannadkii 1933. [[Evangelical Academy|Akadeemiyada Evangelical]] ee ugu horreysay ee Jarmalka waxaa laga aasaasay Bad Boll sannadkii 1945. Bad Boll waxay magaceeda ka beddeshay Boll oo u beddeshay Bad Boll sannadkii 2007.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW&gt;{{cite web|title=Bad Boll|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/611/Bad+Boll|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=27 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juquraafi ==
Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Bad Boll waxaa laga helaa dhinaca galbeed ee [[Göppingen (district)|degmada]] [[Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], mid ka mid ah [[States of Germany|16-ka Gobol]] ee [[Federal Republic of Germany]]. Bad Boll waxay ku taal {{ill|Foothills of the central Swabian Jura|de|Vorland der mittleren Schwäbischen Alb|lt=buuraha hore ee Swabian Jura}}, in kasta oo qayb ka mid ah aaggeeda degmada ay ku taal {{ill|Middle Kuppenalb|de|Mittlere Kuppenalb}} ilaa koonfur-bari. Dhererka ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|734|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ilaa {{convert|367|m|sp=us}}.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

Qayb ka mid ah {{ill|Teufelsloch-Kaltenwang|de}} [[Naturschutzgebiet|keydka dabiiciga ah]] ee ay ilaaliso Federaalku waxay ku taallaa aagga degmada Bad Boll.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

== Siyaasad ==
Bad Boll waxay leedahay hal degmo (''Ortsteile''), Boll, iyo laba tuulo: Bad Boll iyo Eckwälden. Bad Boll waa qayb ka mid ah [[Municipal association (Germany)|ururka degmada]] oo ay la jiraan degmooyinka [[Aichelberg]], [[Dürnau, Göppingen|Dürnau]], [[Gammelshausen]], [[Hattenhofen, Baden-Württemberg|Hattenhofen]], iyo [[Zell unter Aichelberg]].&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

=== Astaanta magaalada ===
[[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada ee Bad Boll waxay muujineysa il-biyood [[Argent|cad]] ah oo leh biyo cad iyo {{ill|Hirschstange|de|lt=geeska deerada}}, oo ah mid [[Sable (heraldry)|madow]], oo dulsaaran [[Field (heraldry)|goob]] [[Vert (heraldry)|cagaar]] ah. Il-biyoodku waa tixraac ku saabsan [[hot springs|ilo-biyoodyada kulul]] ee deegaanka iyo geeska deerada ee Württemberg. [[Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha ee Federaalka]] ayaa siisay astaantan iyo calan degmo Bad Boll 25 Janaayo 1961.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

== Gaadiid ==
Bad Boll waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] iyada oo loo marayo ''[[Landesstraße]]n'' iyo ''[[Kreisstraße]]n'' maxalli ah, kuwaas oo ku biira [[Bundesautobahn 8]] ee [[Aichelberg]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1926 ilaa 1989, Bad Boll waxay sidoo kale ku xirnayd tareenada Jarmalka iyada oo loo marayo {{ill|Voralbahn|de}}, kaas oo si rasmi ah loo xiray 1997 laakiin aan la dumin. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee maxalliga ah waxaa bixiya {{ill|Filsland Mobilitätsverbundes|de}}.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{Official website}} (Af-Jarmal)


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      <text bytes="2045" sha1="tcgx0vba6kw4qiheajq23o26aayviru" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = Bad Brambach.jpg
|image_caption     = Beerta dalxiiska
|image_coa            = Wappen Bad Brambach.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|13|N|12|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Brambach in V.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Vogtlandkreis
|elevation              = 604
|area            = 43.92
|postal_code               = 08648
|area_code           = 03 74 38
|licence               = V, AE, OVL, PL, RC
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 14523030
|divisions         = 13 
|website           = [http://www.badbrambach.de/ www.badbrambach.de]
|mayor             = Maik Schüller&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.sachsen.de/wahlen/bm/BM2001-2018/B%fcrgermeisterwahlen%202001-2018/wahlen.statistik.sachsen.de/wahlarchiv/pkg_w04_nav5c95.html Bürgermeisterwahlen 2018], Freistaat Sachsen, Waxaa la helay 10 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2018&amp;ndash;25
|party             = Madaxbannaan
}}

'''Bad Brambach''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbʁamˌbax|lang|De-Bad Brambach.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Vogtlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waa degmada ugu koonfureed ee Saxony iyo sidoo kale wixii horay u ahaan jiray [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]]. Waa magaalo dalxiis oo leh [[Radon#Medical|qubayska radon-ka]].

== Tirakoobka ==

Dadweynihii Taariikhiga ahaa ''(31 Diseembar)'':
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 1583:    39
* 1764:    69
* 1871: 1502
* 1890: 1527
* 1910: 1975
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 1925: 2226
* 1939: 2331
* 1946: 2706
* 1950: 2647
* 1964: 2135
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 1971: 2122
* 1998: 2396
* 1999: 2421
* 2000: 2425
* 2001: 2416
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 2002: 2368
* 2003: 2326
* 2004: 2260
* 2007: 2139
* 2008: 2109
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot; |
* 2012: 2013
|}
:&lt;small&gt; Isha xogta: Faylasha taariikhiga ah ee dhijitaalka ah ee Saxony (ilaa 1964), laga bilaabo 1998: Xafiiska Tirakoobka ee Saxony&lt;/small&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Bad Brambach}}


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|type               = Stadt
|image_photo       = Roland Bad Bramstedt.JPG
|image_caption    = Taallada Roland ee Bad Bramstedt
|image_flag = Flagge Bad Bramstedt.gif
|image_coa            = DEU Bad Bramstedt COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|55|7|N|9|53|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Bramstedt in SE.svg
|state        = 
|district             = Segeberg
|elevation              = 9
|area            = 24.14
|postal_code               = 24576
|area_code           = 04192
|licence               = SE
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 004
|website           = [http://www.bad-bramstedt.de/ www.bad-bramstedt.de]
|mayor     = Felix Carl 
|party            = 
}}

'''Bad Bramstedt''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbʁaːmʃtɛt|lang|Bad bramsted.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 40&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi ka xigta [[Hamburg]]. Waxay caan ku tahay taalladeeda [[Roland]] iyo [[rheumatism|rugteeda caafimaad ee roomatiisamka]].

== Juquraafi iyo gaadiid ==
Bad Bramstedt waxay ku taal 49 kiiloomitir koonfur-galbeed ee [[Kiel]], 54 kiiloomitir galbeed ee [[Lübeck]], iyo 40 kiiloomitir waqooyi ka xigta [[Hamburg]] oo ku taal [[Hærvejen|Waddada Ox]] ee taariikhiga ah. Altona-Kieler Chaussee (L318/L319) ayaa dhex marta magaalada. ''Landstraße'' (waddada gobolka) oo dhererkeedu yahay 94 kiiloomitir waxaa la dhisay intii u dhaxaysay 1830 iyo 1832. Isku-darka webiyada [[Osterau (Bramau)|Osterau]] iyo [[Hudau]], kuwaas oo isugu yimaada si ay u sameeyaan [[Bramau]], ayaa laga helaa Bad Bramstedt.

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Augusta Louise zu Stolberg-Stolberg (1753-1835).jpg|left|thumb|140px|Augusta Louise zu Stolberg-Stolberg]]
[[File:Heinrich Christian Schumacher.jpg|left|thumb|140px|Heinrich Christian Schumacher]]
* Oskar Alexander (1881–1942), aasaasihii rugta caafimaadka roomatiisamka ee Bad Bramstedt. Waxaa lagu dilay [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|xeryaha fiirsashada ee Sachsenhausen]] sababtoo ah wuxuu ka soo jeeday qowmiyadda [[Jew|Yuhuudda]].
* [[Fabian Boll]] (dhashay 1979), ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta, wuxuu ciyaaray 273 kulan oo xirfadle ah iyo sarkaal sare oo booliis ah.
* William Crane (1902–1979), dhakhtar qalliin oo sare oo ka tirsan Bundeswehr; wuxuu ku dhintay Bad Bramstedt.
* [[Arved Fuchs]], (dhashay 1953), sahamiye arctic ah.
* [[Rolf Koschorrek]] (1956-2020), siyaasi Jarmal ah (CDU).
* [[Karl Lagerfeld]] (1933–2019), naqshadeeye moodada, wuxuu ku dhashay [[Hamburg]], wuxuuna dugsi ku tagay Bad Bramstedt.
* [[:de:Siegfried Liebschner|Siegfried Liebschner, (DE Wiki)]] (1935–2006), [[Baptist|fiqi Baabtis ah]], wuxuu ku dhashay Bad Bramstedt.
* [[Charles I.D. Looff]] (1852–1918), sayid xardhay; &quot;aabbaha&quot; jardiinooyinka madadaalada ee Ameerika, wuxuu dhisay meelo badan oo wareeg ah.
* [[Johanna Mestorf]] (1828–1909), haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee agaasime matxaf ka noqota Jarmalka iyo haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee [[Prussia]] qaadata cinwaanka professor-ka.
* [[Heinrich Christian Schumacher]] (1780–1850), xiddigisyahan iyo xisaabyahan Jarmal-Danish ah.
* [[Augusta Louise zu Stolberg-Stolberg]] (1753–1835), waxay la xiriirtay [[Goethe]] sida ''Gustchen''.
* [[Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg]] (1750–1819), abwaan, qareen iyo tarjumaan.
* [[Kurt Gustav Wilckens]] (1886–1923), dabbaal-degge Jarmal ah oo xagjir ah oo ku noolaa Koonfurta Ameerika.
{{clear}}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.bad-bramstedt.de Bogga rasmiga ah]


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|type              = Stadt
|image_coa         = DEU Bad Breisig COA.svg
|image_photo       = Bad breisig 1.jpg
|image_caption     = Aragtida Bad Breisig
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|30|33|N|7|17|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Breisig in AW.svg
|state             = 
|district          = Ahrweiler
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Bad Breisig
|elevation         = 70
|area              = 19.93
|postal_code       = 53498
|area_code         = 02633; 02642
|licence           = AW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 006
|website           = [http://www.bad-breisig.de/ www.bad-breisig.de]
|mayor             = Marcel Caspers&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://ga.de/region/ahr-und-rhein/mehr-von-ahr-und-rhein/bad-breisig-marcel-caspers-ist-jetzt-stadtbuergermeister_aid-61111047 Marcel Caspers ist jetzt auch Stadtbürgermeister], General-Anzeiger, 11 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;29
|party             = 
}}
[[File:Burg Rheineck Reuterslei.jpg|thumb|left|{{ill|Rheineck Castle|de|Burg Rheineck}}]]
[[File:Rheineck Borromaeus Kapelle.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Kaniisadda Saint Charles Borromeo]]

'''Bad Breisig''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbʁaɪzɪç|lang|De-Bad Breisig.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Rhine]], qiyaastii 15&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler]].

Bad Breisig waa kursiga ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmo wadajir ah&quot;) '''[[Bad Breisig (Verbandsgemeinde)|Bad Breisig]].'''

== Dadka caanka ah ==
=== Wiilal iyo gabdho magaalada u dhashay ===
* Beate Berger (1886-1940), agaasimaha hoyga carruurta Yuhuudda '' Beith Ahawah '' ee [[Berlin]] iyo [[Haifa]]

=== Dadka ku xiran Bad Breisig ===

* [[Max Barthel]] (1893-1975), abwaan shaqeeya, wuxuu ku noolaa 1948 ilaa 1969 Bad Breisig
* [[Klaus Badelt]] (dhashay 1967), muusikiiste Jarmal ah, oo ku takhasusay muusikada telefishanka iyo filimada.
* [[Kai Krause]] (dhashay 1957), muusikiiste Jarmal ah iyo hormuudka [[software]]-ka, wuxuu ku nool yahay {{ill|Rheineck Castle|de|Burg Rheineck}}.
* Cilmiga diinta iyo cilmiga bulshada [[Oliver Krüger]] (dhashay 1973) wuxuu ku koray Bad Breisig.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Bad Breisig (Final Palaeolithic site)]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Bad Brückenau</title>
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|type              = Stadt
|image_coa            = DEU Bad Brückenau COA groß.svg
|image_photo = StaatsbadBrueckenau-01s.jpg
|image_caption = Staatsbad Brückenau
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|18|34|N|9|47|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Brückenau in KG.svg
|state        =
|region  = Unterfranken
|district         = Bad Kissingen
|elevation              = 332
|area            = 23.71
|postal_code               = 97769
|area_code           = 09741
|licence               = KG, BRK, HAB
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 72 113
|divisions         = 5 qaybood oo ka mid ah magaalada
|website           = [https://www.bad-brueckenau.de/ www.bad-brueckenau.de]
|mayor             = Jan-Malte Marberg&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]]. Waxaa la helay 13 June 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;30
|party             = SPD
}}

'''Bad Brückenau''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈbʁʏkənaʊ|lang|Bad brueckenau.ogg}}) waa magaalo [[Hot spring|biyo-kulul]] oo ku taal degmada [[Bad Kissingen (district)|Bad Kissingen]] ee waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Bavaria]] oo ku taal [[Rhön Mountains]].

== Juquraafi ==
Bad Brückenau waxay ku taal dooxada [[River Sinn|Sinn]] ee geedaha leh, ee ku taal galbeedka [[Rhön Mountains]] &amp;ndash; webigan waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ku shuba [[Main (river)|Main]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay shan qaybood: magaalada dhexe iyo afar xaafadood: Staatsbad Brückenau, Wernarz, Volkers iyo Römershag.

[[File:Bad Brückenau Stadt.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Fagaaraha suuqa ee Bad Brückenau]]

== Taariikh ==

=== Taariikhda Brückenau ===
Taariikhda hore ee magaalada si dhib yar ayaa loo diiwaangeliyay. Dhismayaashii ugu horreeyay waxay u badan tahay in la dhisay meel u dhow marinka webiga Sinn, kaas oo la isticmaalayay wakhtigii [[Charlemagne]]. Qarnigii 12-aad dejintu waxay gaartay cabbirka magaalo yar waxaana la odhan jiray Sinn-Au. Xusidda ugu horreysa ee magaalada waxaa lagu sameeyay dukumenti soo taxnaa 1249, markii [[Fulda Abbey]] ay Sinn-Au siisay mudnaan gaar ah. Sannadkii 1260-kii Bishop-ku wuxuu lahaa afar qalcadood oo ku xeeran magaalada, kuwaas oo uu siiyay dad kala duwan oo aaggaas jooga. Wakhtigaas oo kale, wuxuu kaloo ku xoojiyay magaalada gidaar magaalada oo fudud.

[[File:Bad Brückenau Alte Brücke.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Brückenau iyo buundadeedii hore. Sawir by H. Girl, ka hor 1876]]

Sannadkii 1310 Sinn-Au waxaa la siiyay xuquuqda magaalo by King (ka dib Emperor) [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Heinrich VII]]. Taas, Brückenau waxay heshay xuquuqda ay ku ilaaliso gidaarradeeda, qabashada suuqyada, lahaanshaha gole u gaar ah, jarista geedaha kaymaha, kor u qaadista cashuuraha khamriga iyo wixii la mid ah. Sannadkii 1337, goluhu wuxuu isticmaalay xuquuqdiisa cusub wuxuuna ballaariyay gidaarrada oo uu xoojiyay iridaha. Sannadkii 1597 magaaladu waxay heshay magaceeda hadda ''Brückenau'', markii buundo (Jarmal: ''Brücke'') lagu dhisay Sinn. Agoosto 1876, magaalada waxaa ku dhawaad gebi ahaanba baabi'iyay dab.

=== Taariikhda spa-ga ===
Qarnigii 15-aad waxaa la xusay ceel dhanaan oo afar kiiloomitir u jira dooxada dhanka koonfur-galbeed. Xataa markaas, biyaha waxaa looga yaqaanay sifooyinkooda bogsashada, sannadkii 1747 Bishop Amandus von Buseck oo ka tirsan Fulda wuxuu dhisay il-biyood. Beddelkiisii [[Heinrich von Bibra]], hoteelladii ugu horreeyay ayaa la dhisay laba ceel oo kale ayaa la helay. [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] ensemble oo ay la socoto dhidibka ugu weyn ee Kurpark waxay soo taxnayd wakhtigaas.

Sannadkii 1816, ka dib [[Napoleonic Wars]], Brückenau waxay qayb ka noqotay [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]. Brückenau waxay noqotay spa-ga ugu cadcad ee King [[Ludwig I of Bavaria]], kaas oo maalgeliyay dib-u-habeyn dhammaystiran. Dhismaha dhexe ee soo taxnaa wakhtigan waa ''Große Kursaal''. Ka dib [[Revolution of 1848]] ee Jarmalka iyo is casilaaddii Ludwig I, dowladda Bavaria waxay spa-ga u kireysay ganacsato gaar loo leeyahay. Maanta, inta badan hoteellada waxaa kireeyay Dorint.

Tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay qarnigii 20-aad, magaalada, oo dib loo dhisay dabka ka dib, waxay bilowday inay ku dayato guusha spa-ga. Saddex ceel ayaa la helay, magaalada iyo koox muwaadiniin ah waxay abuureen laba beero. Dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee 1970-kii, Staatsbad-ku waxay qayb ka noqotay magaalada oo Brückenau oo dhan waxaa la siiyay cinwaanka rasmiga ah &quot;Bad&quot;.

== Dhaqanka iyo Goobaha ==

=== Matxafyada ===
* ''Heimatmuseum'': bartamaha magaalada, tani waxay bixisaa aragti ku saabsan nolosha maalinlaha ah ee Brückenau qarniyadii 18-aad iyo 19-aad.
* Matxafka Baaskiilka ee Jarmalka

=== Muusikada ===

[[File:StaatsbadBrueckenau-02s.jpg|thumb|''Großer Kursaal'', 2010]]

* ''Bayerisches Kammerorchester''
* ''Kurorchester''

=== Dhismaha ===
* ''Großer Kursaal'': ''Großer Kursaal'' waxaa la qorsheeyay 1827 by naqshadeeye Munich Johann Gottfried Gutensohn waxaana dhisay Brückenau master builder Lorenz Hergenröder. [[Neoclassical architecture|Qaabkeeda neoclassical]] waxay saameyn ku yeelatay naqshadaha taariikhiga ah ee spasyada dhammaan koonfurta Jarmalka.
* ''Altstadt'': magaalada duugga ah waxay martigelisaa dhismayaal ay ku jiraan baarar taariikhi ah iyo hudheello soo taxnaa qarnigii 16-aad.
* ''Kloster Volkersberg'': kaniisaddii hore ee [[Order of Friars Minor|Franciscan]] ee soo taxnayd qarnigii 17-aad waxay ku taal Volkers waxayna eegaysaa qaar ka mid ah [[Rhön Mountains]].

== Duqa magaalada ==
*1998-2010: Thomas Ullmann 
*2010-2020: Brigitte Meyerdierks (CSU)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mittelbayerische.de/nachrichten/oberpfalz-bayern/artikel/csu_gewinnt_buergermeisterwahl/562073/csu_gewinnt_buergermeisterwahl.html Bürgermeisterwahl auf mittelbayerische.de]&lt;/ref&gt;
*laga bilaabo 2020: Jochen Vogel&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mataanaynta magaalada ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}

Bad Brückenau waa [[town twinning|mataan]] lala yahay:
* {{Flagicon|UK}} - [[Kirkham, Lancashire]] (laga bilaabo 1995)
* {{Flagicon|France}} - [[Ancenis]], [[Loire-Atlantique]] (laga bilaabo 1980)

== Dadka caanka ah ==

* [[:de:Ernst Putz]] (1896-1933), xubin baarlamaan oo ka tirsan xisbiga shuuciga, 1933 waxaa dilay Naasiyiinta
* [[:de:David Schuster]] (1910-1999), ganacsade, xubin ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Bavaria iyo guddoomiyaha Bulshada Yuhuudda ee Würzburg iyo Lower Franconia
* [[Johann Altfuldisch]], sidoo kale '' Hans Altfuldisch '' (1911-1947, la dilay), ''Obersturmführer'' iyo ku-xigeenka madaxa qayb ka mid ah [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp|xeryaha fiirsashada ee Mauthausen]]
* [[:de:Gerda Müller (Juristin)|Gerda Müller]] (dhashay 1944), sharci-yaqaan, madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka [[Federal Court of Justice]] 2005-2009

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Bad Brückenau}}


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|type              = Stadt
|image_coa         = DEU Bad Buchau COA.svg
|image_photo       = Bad Buchau Kappel Blick von Oggelshausen.jpg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|3|58|N|9|36|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Buchau in BC.svg
|state             = 
|region            = Tübingen
|district          = Biberach
|elevation         = 592
|area              = 23.75
|postal_code       = 88422
|area_code         = 07582
|licence           = BC
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 26 013
|website           = [http://www.badbuchau.de/ www.badbuchau.de]
|mayor             = Peter Diesch&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, Waxaa la helay 11 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2018&amp;ndash;26
}}

'''Bad Buchau''' ({{IPA|de|ˌbaːt ˈbʊːxaʊ|-|Bad buchau.ogg}}; hore '''Buchau'''; [[Swabian German|Swabian]]: ''Buacha'') waa magaalo yar oo ku taal degmada [[Biberach (district)|Biberach]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], Jarmalka oo ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii 4,000 oo qof. Waxay ku taal meel u dhow harada [[Federsee]], taas oo ka go'an magaalada oo ay u dhexeeyaan cawska badda ee ballaaran.

Bad Buchau waxay ku daraysaa sagaalka tuulo ee [[Allmannsweiler]], [[Dürnau, Biberach|Dürnau]], [[Kanzach]], [[Betzenweiler]], [[Moosburg, Baden-Württemberg|Moosburg]], [[Alleshausen]], [[Seekirch]], [[Tiefenbach, Biberach|Tiefenbach]], iyo [[Oggelshausen]], iyo sidoo kale xeryaha beeraha ee fog ee Ottobeurer Hof, Bruckhof, iyo Henauhof. Sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah Bad Buchau waa degmada Kappel oo hore u ahaan jirtay mid madaxbannaan.

Luqadda rasmiga ah waa [[German language|Jarmal]], iyadoo wada-hadallada maalinlaha ah ee inta badan dadka deggan ay ku hadlaan [[Swabian German|lahjadda Swabian]].

Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13-aad ilaa [[German mediatisation|mediatisation]] ee 1803, Buchau waxay lahayd astaamo gaar ah oo ah inay noqoto kursiga labadaba [[List of Imperial abbeys|Imperial Abbey]] iyo [[Free Imperial City|Magaalo Boqortooyo oo Xor ah]], oo ka madaxbannaan midba midka kale. Marka la eego aagga, waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu yar ee is-maamula, xaaladdeeda jasiiraduna waxay meesha ka saartay baahida loo qabo in la dhiso gidaarrada magaalada iyo munaaradaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Buchau waxay lumisay faa'iidooyinka jasiiraddeeda ka dib markii heerka biyaha harada Federsee la dhimay laba jeer.

== Taariikh ==
* AD 770 – [[Buchau Abbey]] waxaa aasaasay Frankish Count Warin iyo xaaskiisa [[Adelindis von Buchau]], kuwaas oo uu ka soo jeedo ''&quot;Adelindisfest&quot;''-ka maanta. Kaniisaddu wali waxay u adeegtaa sidii kaniisadda xaafadda.
* 819 iyo 857 – Deeqaha Abbey-ga waxaa laga helay Boqorrada Frankish [[Louis the Pious]] iyo [[Louis the German]] siday u kala horreeyaan.
* 902 – Saddexda wiil ee countess Adelindis, Gerhard, Beringer iyo Reginolf, ayaa la dilay markii ay isku dayayeen inay afduubtaan walaashood, Abbess Adelindis, oo ka socota Buchau's Abbey si ay u guursadaan. Countess Adelindis waxay ku biirtay Abbey-ga si ay ugu kafaaragguddo camalka wiilasheeda, ilaa maantana waxaa loo bogaadiyaa inay tahay Benefactrix weyn iyo quduuska dadka. Waxay ku nasataa wiilasheeda la dilay crypt-ka kaniisadda kulliyadda.
* 1014 ama 1022 – Abbey-ga waxaa la xusay inuu lahaa lacag-samayn iyo suuq. Buchau waxay markii ugu horreysay u muuqataa ''&quot;Freie Reichsstadt&quot;'' ([[Free Imperial City|Magaalo Boqortooyo oo Xor ah]]).
* 1417 – Abbey-ga waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay convent cilmaani ah wuxuuna aqbalayaa gabdhaha ka tirsan sharafta Swabian.
[[File:Buchau, on the Federsee.jpg|thumb|left|Meesha ay ku taal Imperial Abbey iyo Free Imperial City ee Buchau]]
* 1577 – Magaalada Boqortooyada ee Xorta ah waxay martigelisaa Bulsho Yuhuudi ah, taas oo si dhakhso ah u kasbata caan ka dib ilaalinta magaalada.
* 1650 – Qabuuraha Yuhuudda ayaa la dhisay.
* 1730 iyo 1837 – Dhismaha sunagoga ee bulshada Yuhuudda ee sii kordhaya.
* 1774–1776 – Habka kaniisadda kulliyadda waxaa laga beddelay Gothic una beddelay French classicism.
* 1787 iyo 1808 – Heerka harada [[Federsee]] waa la dhimay, inkasta oo rajooyinka laga qabo in la helo dhul beereed habkan loo dhimay, in kasta oo waddooyinka hadda la dhisi karo.
* 1802/1803 – Labada Imperial Abbey iyo Free Imperial City waxay lumiyeen madaxbannaanidooda intii lagu jiray koorsada mediatisation-ka Jarmalka. Waxay noqdeen hantida amiirkii [[House of Thurn und Taxis|Thurn iyo Taxis]] amar ka soo baxay baarlamaanka Regensburg &quot;Reichstag von Regensburg&quot;.
* 1806 – Buchau waxay noqotay degmo ka tirsan boqortooyada [[Württemberg]].
* 1807 – Bulshada Yuhuudda waxay heshay xuquuq ay ku iibsadaan alaabta.
* 1828 – Bulshada Yuhuudda waxay heshay xorriyadooda madaniga ah.
* 1847 – [[Hermann Einstein]], aabbihii Albert Einstein, ayaa dhashay.
* 1896–1917 – Waddada tareenka ee cidhiidhiga ah Schussenried – Buchau – [[Riedlingen]] ayaa la dhisayaa sidii khad quudin ah oo loo maro loona soo maro khadka tareenka ugu weyn.
[[File:Buchau. View of former Imperial abbey, circa 1900.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda convent-ka iyo abbey-ga qarnigii 19-aad]]
* 1911 – Waddada looxa ayaa la rakibay, taas oo u horseedaysa harada Federsee iyada oo la dhex marayo cawska badda ee ballaaran. Buchau iyo aagga harada Federsee waxay si dhakhso ah u noqonayaan kuwo si fiican looga yaqaan qoditaanka qadiimiga ah ee moor-ka. Waxaa xusid mudan in la soo saaray Waterfortress Buchau &quot;Wasserburg Buchau&quot;, oo ah dejin ka timid dhamaadkii Bronze Age (1100-800 BC). Aasaasidda Wildlife Preserve Federsee, oo maanta soo bandhigta kaydka duurjoogta ah ee turf moor ee ugu weyn Baden-Wuerttemberg.
* 1935 – Saulgau-Earthquake waxay dhaawacday 200 oo dhisme waxayna dumiyeen pediment-ka St. Peter iyo Paul kaniisadda Kappel.
* 1938 – Intii lagu guda jiray Kristallnacht Pogrom, sunagoga ayaa la gubay, duqa magaalada wuxuu amray waaxda dab-damiska inay damiyaan sunagoga gubanaya. Habeenkii xigtay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, gubista ayaa lagu celiyay. Baloogyada dhagaxa ee sunagoga waxaa la iibiyay waxaana loo isticmaalay dhismaha waddooyinka.
* 1941–45 – Dadka Yuhuudda ah ee Buchau, kuwaas oo ka koobnaa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadweynaha, waxaa loo masaafuriyay xeryaha baabi'inta Naasiyiinta. Kaliya 4 ayaa soo noqday ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.judeninbuchau.de/html/body_jewish_buchau.html|title=Jewish Buchau|website=Judeninbuchau.de|access-date=5 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1949 – Furitaanka spa-ga madaniga ah.
* 1963 – Buchau waxay heshay cinwaanka &quot;Bad&quot; (&quot;Spa&quot;) waxaana laga bilaabo wakhtigaas loo yaqaan Bad Buchau.
* 1968 – Federseemuseum cusub ayaa la furay, oo leh bandhigyo aan caadi ahayn oo la xidhiidha [[Stone Age|Stone Age]] iyo [[Bronze Age|Bronze Age]]. Aaggu wuxuu qani ku yahay agabka qadiimiga ah ee laga helay xilligan.
[[File:Bad Buchau Blick von Oggelshausen.jpg|thumb|right|Aragtida dhismaha abbey-ga]]
[[File:Bad Buchau - Wolken über dem Federsee 03.jpg|thumb|right|Aragtida Federsee ee Bad Buchau]]
* 1969 – Khadka tareenka ee cidhiidhiga ah ayaa ugu dambeyntii la hawlgabiyay.
* 1963–1998 – Ballaarinta Spa-ga Bad Buchau oo leh il-biyood kulul iyo jardiinooyin spa oo ballaaran.

== Duqa magaalada ==
* 1948–1978: Hans Knittel 
* 1979–2003: Harald Müller
* 1 Febraayo 2003 – hadda: Peter Diesch

== Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ==
Dejinta taariikhda hore ee Siedlung Forschner waa qayb ka mid ah [[Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps|Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps]] oo ah [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]].&lt;ref name=UNESCO&gt;{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1363/|title=Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=5 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kale ==
Shirkadda ugu caansan waa [[Franz Kessler (company)|Franz Kessler GmbH]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.franz-kessler.de/EN/index.htm |title=Franz Kessler - Bad Buchau: Motorspindel, Spindelsystem, Vertikalspindel, Horizontalspindel, Drehspindel, Schleifspindel, Holzbearbeitungsspindel, Schwenkspindel, Torquetisch, Spindelüberwachungssystem, Asynchronmotor, Synchronmotor |website=www.franz-kessler.de |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324194240/http://www.franz-kessler.de/EN/index.htm |archive-date=24 March 2007 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo fadhigeedu yahay aagga warshadaha fudud ee Kappel ee Bad Buchau.
{{clear}}

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Hermann einstein.jpg|thumb|125px|Hermann Einstein]]
* [[Karoline Kaulla]] (1739–1809), maxkamad Yuhuudi ah, ka shaqaynaysay maxkamadda Württemberg
* [[Hermann Einstein]] (1847–1902), ganacsade iyo aabbihii [[Albert Einstein]]
* Hans Kayser (1891–1964), laxamiiste iyo aragti-yaqaan muusik

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Bad Buchau}}
*{{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511233210/http://www.badbuchau.de/ Bogga Magaalada]
*{{in lang|de}} [[:de:Bad Buchau|Jarmal Wiki ee Bad Buchau]]
*{{in lang|de}} [http://www.amfedersee.de AmFedersee.de]

{{Authority control}}</text>
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|image_photo=Frühere Produktionsstätte der Alfred Ritter GmbH.jpg
|imagesize=
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|image_coa=DEU Bad Cannstatt COA.svg
|coordinates={{coord|48|48|20.16|N|9|12|50.76|E|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan=Stuttgart Bezirk Bad Cannstatt.svg
|plantext=Goobta ay kaga taal Stuttgart
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|City=Stuttgart
|elevation=205
|area=15.713
|population=70600
|population_as_of = 2020-12-31
|pop_ref          = &lt;ref name=pop20&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.stuttgart.de/service/statistik-und-wahlen/stuttgart-in-zahlen.php|title=Aktuelle Einwohnerzahlen nach Stadtbezirken und Stadtteilen|publisher=Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart|access-date=22 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|postal_code=70331–70378
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|website=[https://www.stuttgart.de/rathaus/stadtbezirke/badcannstatt/ www.stuttgart.de]
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'''Bad Cannstatt''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈkanʃtat}}), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Cannstatt''' (ilaa 23 Luulyo 1933)&lt;ref&gt;Jürgen Hagel ''Cannstatt und seine Geschichte'', S. 237, Hrsg. Verein Pro Alt-Cannstatt, 2. Auflage, 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-00-022904-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ama '''Kannstadt''' (ilaa [[1900 in Germany|1900]]), waa mid ka mid ah [[Stadtbezirk]]e-yada bannaanka, ama xaafadaha magaalada, ee [[Stuttgart]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Bad Cannstatt waa xaafadda ugu da'da weyn uguna dadka badan xaafadaha Stuttgart, waana mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka taariikh ahaan ugu muhiimsan aagga Stuttgart.{{efn|Inta badan taariikhdii hore ee Stuttgart, Bad Cannstatt waxay muhiimad ahaan hoos u dhigtay magaalada yare ee la barbardhigi karo ee Stuttgart.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The History of Stuttgart|url=http://www.worldtravelguide.net/stuttgart/history|website=worldtravelguide.net|publisher=World Travel Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} Magaaladu waa hoyga dabbaaldegyada biirka ee [[Cannstatter Wasen]] iyo [[Cannstatter Volksfest]], [[MHPArena]] ([[VfB Stuttgart]]), [[Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle]], iyo [[Porsche-Arena]].

== &lt;span class=&quot;anchor&quot; id=&quot;Name&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor&quot; id=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor&quot; id=&quot;Toponymy&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Magaca ==
Magaca Bad Cannstatt wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ''[[Castra]] stativa'', [[Cannstatt Castrum]], [[castra]] weyn oo [[Roman Empire|Roomaan ah]] oo laga dhisay buurta dusheeda AD 90 si loo ilaaliyo isgoyska webiga ee qiimaha leh iyo ganacsiga maxalliga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Stuttgart (Germany)|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|year=2009|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Stuttgart-Germany}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Early history of Stuttgart|url=http://en.driveline-online.de/early-history-of-stuttgart/|website=en.driveline-online.de|publisher=driveLINE|access-date=2016-11-27|archive-date=2016-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324050924/http://en.driveline-online.de/early-history-of-stuttgart/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waagii hore, Bad Cannstatt waxaa si fudud loogu yiqiin Cannstatt ama ''Kannstatt'',{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} ''Cannstadt'', ''Canstatt'', ''Kanstatt'', iyo ''Condistat''.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} Magaceeda ayaa la beddelay si loogu daro &quot;''Bad''{{-&quot;}} ({{langx|de|Qubays/Biyo-kulul}}) si loo xuso goobaha biyo-kululka ee magaalada 23 Luulyo [[1933 in Germany|1933]].

== Taariikh ==
{{main|History of Stuttgart}}

Bad Cannstatt waxay ku taal webiga [[Neckar]] isgoyska waddooyin goboleed kala duwan.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}}
Aagga waxaa deggenaa ugaarsatada mammoth-ka ee Seelberg xilligii [[last glacial period|barafka ee ugu dambeeyay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Christie |first=J. C. |date=1882-01-01 |title=XXXV. Notes on the Hohentwiel|url=http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/cgi/doi/10.1144/transglas.6.2.254 |journal=Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=254–259 |doi=10.1144/transglas.6.2.254 |s2cid=162201053 |issn=0371-7224|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Magaalada waxaa la aasaasay xilligii [[Roman Empire|Roomaanka]], diiwaanno ayaa ka haray aqoonta Roomaanka ee ilaha biyaha aagga.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} [[Sielberg]]-ga u dhow wuxuu caan ku yahay [[spelunking|godadkiisa]] iyo [[fossil hunting|fosilkiisa]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} 

Sannadkii 746-kii [[Carloman (mayor of the palace)|Carloman, Duqa Qasriga Austrasia]], wuxuu gole ugu yeeray Cannstatt, wuxuuna [[Council of Cannstatt|xiray oo dilay]] ku dhawaad dhammaan madaxdii [[Alemanni]]. Tani waxay calaamad u tahay wareejinta awoodda laga soo wareejiyay Alemanni loona wareejiyay Carolingians-kii soo ifbaxayay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rembold |first=Ingrid |title=Conquest and christianization : Saxony and Carolingian world, 772-888 |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-107-19621-6 |location=Cambridge |oclc=1021410363}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaca hadda jira wuxuu markii ugu horreysay u soo muuqday inuu yahay fadhiga maxkamad uu qabtay [[Charlemagne]] qarnigii 8-aad isagoo maxkamadaynaya dhugyadii fallaagoobay ee [[duke of Alemannia|Alemannia]] iyo [[duke of Bavaria|Bavaria]].  

Cannstatt waxay ahayd caasimadda [[county of Württemberg|is-maamulka Württemberg]] ilaa qarnigii 14-aad{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} ama [[15th century in Germany|15-aad]];{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} Rotenberg wuxuu ahaa goobta qalcaddii awoowayaasha ee guriga xukuma.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} Cannstatt waxay markii dambe qayb ka noqotay [[duchy of Württemberg|duchy-gii]], [[electorate of Württemberg|electorate-kii]], iyo [[kingdom of Württemberg|boqortooyadii Württemberg]]. Waxay u jirtay qiyaastii {{convert|2.5|mi|sp=us|0}} [[Stuttgart]]-ta saxda ah,{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} inkasta oo ay tan iyo markaas kortay si loogu daro Bad Cannstatt. Qarnigii 13-aad ama 14-aad, [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis ee Bavaria]] wuxuu ballaariyay xuquuqdeeda iyo mudnaanteeda si ay ula sinnaato [[Esslingen am Neckar|Esslingen]]. Katidralkeeda qarnigii 15-aad waxaa loo hibeeyay [[Saint Uffo|St&amp;nbsp;Uffo]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} Sannadkii 1755-kii, [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|Dhulgariirkii weynaa ee Lisbon]] ayaa keenay in hoolka magaaladu hoos u dhaco qiyaastii {{convert|3|ft|sp=us|0}}.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=27}} Intii lagu guda jiray [[French Revolutionary Wars|dagaalladii xigay Kacaankii Faransiiska]], magaaladu waxay ahayd goobtii 21-kii Luulyo 1796 ay guul uga gaareen [[First French Republic|Faransiiska]] Dowladii [[Austrian Empire|Austriya]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}

Qarnigii 19-aad, waxay ku faani jirtay hool magaalo oo soo jiidasho leh, masrax boqortooyo, guri suuq, qasriyada [[Wilhelma Palace|Wilhelma]] iyo [[Rosenstein Palace|Rosenstein]], iyo warshado ballaaran oo ay ku jiraan [[wool-spinning|dunta idaha]], [[dyeing|midabaynta]], [[steelmaking|samaynta birta]], iyo dhismaha [[machinery|mashiinada]]. Waxaa markaas jiray ilaa 40 ilo-biyood macdan ah, kuwaas oo loo tixgeliyay inay faa'iido u leeyihiin &quot;[[dyspepsia|dheef-shiid kiimikaad xumada]] iyo [[anxiety|tabar darrida]] [[nervous system|nidaamka dareemayaasha]]&quot;,{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} iyo sidoo kale &quot;cudurrada dhuunta&quot;.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} Cannstatt waxay ahayd goobtii uu [[Gottlieb Daimler]] ka hindisay gaarigii ugu horreeyay ee shidaalka ku shaqeeya 1886-kii&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.daimler.com/company/at-a-glance.html |title=Daimler at a glance |language=en |work=Daimler |access-date=25 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna hoy u ahayd warshad baabuurta sameysa ka hor [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]]. Qiyaastii waqtigaas, waxay sidoo kale lahayd shaqooyin tareen iyo kiimiko oo caan ah iyo warshad biirka. Cannstatt waxaa lagu daray [[Stuttgart]] sannadkii 1904.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}

19-ka ilo-biyood ee macdanta ah ee haray, 11 ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay yihiin ceelasha gobolka.{{clarify|date=June 2016}} Adduunka, hadda waxay ku xigtaa kaliya [[Újbuda]] ee [[Budapest]], [[Hungary|Hangari]], marka loo eego cabbirka.&lt;ref name=sr&gt;{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.stuttgart-rallye.de/wissenswertes.html |contribution=Wissenswertes |title=Stuttgart Rallye }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Isha Mombach waa tan keliya ee soo daysa biyaheeda iyadoon cadaadis lahayn oo tiro badan; biyo baxeeda waxaa loo isticmaalaa qubaysyada ku xiga iyo goobta biyo-kululka ee Wilhelma.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}

== Dadka caanka ah ==
Dadka caanka ah ee lala xiriiriyo Bad Cannstatt waxaa ka mid ah:
* [[Gottlieb Daimler]], halabuurihii gaarigii ugu horreeyay, oo lagu horumariyay Cannstatt, iyo qayb-aasaasaha [[Daimler-Benz]]. (Karl Benz ayaa si madax bannaan u hindisay gaari guuleystay isla sannadkaas, oo 96&amp;nbsp;km u jirta [[Ladenburg]].)
* [[Emy Gordon]] (née von Beulwitz), qoraa, turjubaan iyo ololeeye Katoolik ah
* [[Georg Pfäfflin]] (1908–1972), wadaad Lutheran Jarmal ah

== Xusuusin ==
=== Tixraacyo ===
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Qoraallada hoose ===
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== Tixraacyo ==

* {{cite EB9|mode=cs2|wstitle=Canstatt|ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}}|volume=5|pages=26–27}}.
* {{cite EB1911|mode=cs2|wstitle=Cannstatt|ref={{harvid|''EB''|1911}}|volume=5|page=189}}.

{{Districts of Stuttgart}}
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|mayor             = Herbert Juhn&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-bad-ditzenbach-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Bad Ditzenbach 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Waxaa la helay 13 June 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2023&amp;ndash;31
|party             = 
}}
'''Bad Ditzenbach''' ([[Swabian German|Swabian]]: ''Ditzebach'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee koonfurta [[Jarmalka]].

== Taariikh ==
Degmooyinka Ditzenbach, {{ill|Auendorf|de}}, iyo {{ill|Gosbach|de}} waxay ahaayeen, ilaa [[German mediatization]] ee 1806, hanti ay lahaayeen [[House of Helfenstein|Reer Helfenstein]]. Waxaa la siiyay [[Kingdom of Württemberg]], oo ahayd dawlad gacanta ku haysay inta badan dhulka ku xeeran intii u dhaxaysay 1422 iyo 1455. Magaalada waxaa la dhex dhigay qaab-dhismeedka maamulka Württemberg ee {{ill|Oberamt Wiesensteig|de}} ilaa 1810, markii loo wareejiyay {{ill|Oberamt Geislingen|de}}. Tuulada u dhow ee Auendorf waxay intooda badan hore u ahayd hanti ay lahayd Württemberg ka hor mediatization-ka. Auendorf iyo Gosbach waxaa loo xilsaaray {{ill|Oberamt Göppingen|de}} ilaa wareejintii 1808 ee Oberamt Wiesensteig. Auendorf waxay u guurtay {{ill|Oberamt Göppingen|de}} 1810 iyo isla sannadkaas Gosbach waxay ku biirtay Ditzenbach ee Oberamt Geislingen. Saddexda degmo ayaa la dhex dhigay [[Göppingen (district)|degmada Göppingen]] 1938. Saddexda degmo ayaa lagu biiriyay degmo cusub, Bad Ditzenbach, 1 Janaayo 1975.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW&gt;{{cite web|title=Bad Ditzenbach|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/572/Bad+Ditzenbach|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=27 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bad Ditzenbach ===
Sannadkii 1560, [[spa|goob dalxiis]] ayaa laga dhisay magaalada taas oo ku taal [[mineral springs|ilo-biyoodkeeda macdanta]]. Waxay heshay magaca ''Bad'', &quot;Spa&quot;, oo ka yimid [[Weimar Republic]] sannadkii 1929.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

== Juquraafi ==
Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Bad Ditzenbach waxay ku taal [[Göppingen (district)|degmada]] [[Göppingen]], ee [[States of Germany|gobolka Jarmalka]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Bad Ditzenbach waxay ku taal xadka degmada Göppingen ee [[Alb-Donau-Kreis|degmada Alb-Danube]] ee koonfurta. Aagga degmadu waxay jidh ahaan ku taal {{ill|Middle Kuppenalb|de|Mittlere Kuppenalb}}. Dhererka ka sarreeya heerka badda ee degmadu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|777|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ilaa {{convert|465|m|sp=us}} NN oo ku taal webiga [[Fils (river)|Fils]].&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

Qayb ka mid ah {{ill|Kaltes Feld mit Hornberg, Galgenberg und Eierberg|de}} ee ay ilaaliso Federaalku waxay ku taal aagga degmada Bad Ditzenbach.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

== Siyaasad ==
Bad Ditzenbach waxay leedahay saddex degmo (''Ortsteile''): Auendorf, Bad Ditzenbach, iyo Gosbach. Degmadu waxay ku jirtaa [[Municipal association (Germany)|urur degmo]] (''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'') oo ay la wadaagto degmada deriska ah ee [[Deggingen]]. Laba [[abandoned villages|tuulo oo laga tagay]], Hiltenburg iyo Leimberg, ayaa laga helaa aagga degmada Bad Ditzenbach.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

=== Astaanta magaalada ===
[[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada ee Bad Ditzenbach waxay muujineysa il-biyood [[Or (heraldry)|dahabi]] ah oo leh biyo [[Argent|lacag]] ah oo hortooda yaal [[Vert (heraldry)|cagaar]], [[Mount (heraldry)|saddex-geesood ah]] oo buur ah oo si buuxda u daboolaya [[Field (heraldry)|goobta]], sidoo kale dahab. Il-biyoodka waxaa laga soo qaatay astaanta magaalada Bad Ditzenbach, buurtuna waa tixraac ku saabsan dhulka maxalliga ah. Astaanta degmada waxaa ansixiyay xafiiska degmada Göppingen 17 Agoosto 1977 waxaana la soo saaray calan u dhigma.&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

== Gaadiid ==
Bad Ditzenbach waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Bundesautobahn 8]], gaar ahaan [[Junction (traffic)|isgoyskeeda]] ee [[Mühlhausen im Täle]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee maxalliga ah waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsgemeinschaft Stauferkreis|de}}. Laga soo bilaabo 1903 ilaa 1968, degmadu waxay ku xirnayd tareenka Jarmalka ee [[Tälesbahn (Geislingen–Wiesensteig)|Tälesbahn]].&lt;ref name=LEO-BW/&gt;

== Xusuusin ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{Official website}} (Af-Jarmal)


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  <page>
    <title>Bad Doberan</title>
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      <text bytes="18674" sha1="poxp2ornxj36jebo798rueot83h3h7f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|type               = Stadt
|image_coa          = DEU Bad Doberan COA.svg
|image_photo        = Doberaner Münster, NW view, 2024-02-17.jpg
|image_caption      = [[Doberan Minster]], oo ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhaxalka diimeed ee [[Brick Gothic]] ee Yurub
|coordinates        = {{coord|54|06|25|N|11|54|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan         = Bad_Doberan_in_LRO.svg
|plantext = 
|state         = 
|district        = Rostock
|elevation               = 15
|area             = 32.85
|postal_code                = 18209
|area_code            = 038203
|licence                = LRO, BÜZ, DBR, GÜ, ROS, TET
|Gemeindeschlüssel  = 13 0 72 006
|website            = {{official website|http://www.bad-doberan.de/}}
|mayor      = Jochen Arenz
|party             = Madaxbannaan
}}
'''Bad Doberan''' ({{IPA|de|baːt dobəˈʁaːn|-|De-Bad_Doberan.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], Jarmalka. Waxay ahayd caasimaddii hore ee [[Bad Doberan (district)|degmada Bad Doberan]]. Sanadkii 2012, tirada dadkeedu waxay ahayd 11,427.

== Juquraafi ==
Bad Doberan waxay ku taal meel ka durugsan {{convert|15|km}} galbeedka xarunta magaalada [[Rostock]] sidaas darteedna waxay qayb ka tahay mid ka mid ah gobollada ugu horumarsan qaybta waqooyi-bari ee Jarmalka. Magaaladu waxay ku dhex taal kaymaha geedaha beech iyadoo kaliya 6&amp;nbsp;km u jirta [[Baltic Sea|Badda Baltic]] waana mid ka mid ah dejimaha Jarmalka ee ugu horreeyay ee Mecklenburg. Maanta magaaladu waa goob dalxiis oo aad loo jecel yahay, mahadnaqa [[Heiligendamm]], oo ah degmo ka tirsan Bad Doberan oo si toos ah ugu taal xariiqda dhagaxa ee Baltic. Taariikh ahaan, Doberan waxay ahayd hoyga xagaaga ee Dukes-ka Mecklenburg ee ku noolaa [[Schwerin]], iyo dadka la socda.

== Magaca ==
Magaca Doberan, oo asal ahaan ahaa ''Dobran'', waa magac meel oo u badan inuu ka soo jeedo magaca shaqsiyeed ee [[Polabian language|Old Polabian]], oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;wanaagsan&quot; (''dobry'').

Sida halyeeyga la sheego, magaca Doberan wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa markii kaniisadda la dhisayay. Waxaa la sheegaa in deerada soo maraysay ay argagax gelisay dhowr swan, kuwaas oo ku qayliyay argagax &quot;''dobre dobre''&quot;. Halkaas oo ay dadkii kaniisadda (monks) ugu yeereen meeshii Doberan. Ilaa maantana, deerada iyo swan-ka ayaa qurxiya calaamadda magaalada.

== Taariikh ==
=== Qarniyadii Dhexe ===
Bad Doberan waxaa la diiwaangeliyay 1177 sidii ''villa Slavica Doberan'', laakiin horraantii 1171 [[Cistercian|dadkii kaniisadda Cistercian]] ee ka yimid [[Amelungsborn Abbey]] ee [[Weser Uplands]] waxay aasaaseen kaniisad (monastery) oo ku taal ''Althof'' saddex kiiloomitir koonfur-bari ee magaalada, oo hadda ah xaafad ka tirsan Bad Doberan. 1179, kaniisadahan ayaa inta badan lagu baabi'iyay kacdoon Slavic ah. Todobo sano ka dib, Cistercians-ku waxay sameeyeen isku day labaad oo ay ku aasaasayaan kaniisad goobta ay hadda ku taal abbey-ga. Kaniisadda [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] abbey, oo la hibeeyay 1232, waxaa lagu beddelay kaniisad sare [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] ka dib dabkii 1291, kaas oo dhismihiisu u badan yahay inuu bilaabmay 1295, iyadoo qaybaha haray ee kaniisadda Romanesque lagu daray dhismaha cusub. Kaniisadda Gothic waxaa la quduus ka dhigay 1368. [[Doberan Abbey]] wuxuu noqday mid aad u qani ah sababtoo ah hawlihiisa dhaqaale wuxuuna lahaa hanti weyn. Ilaa kala diristii kaniisadaha intii lagu jiray [[the Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta]] 1552, waxay qaabaysay horumarka tuulada Doberan. Kaniisadda ka sokow, waxaa jiray tuulo farsamayaqaanno ah, ''Kammerhof'' (beeradii hore ee kaniisadda), laba goobood oo cabitaan ah, warshad leben ah, dambiile iyo dhowr [[cottage|guryo yar yar]] (''[[Kötter]]''). Wax yar ayay iska beddeshay ka dib markii kaniisadda loo wareejiyay 1552 dhinaca madaxbannaanida. Xafiis ducal ah ayaa laga aasaasay kaniisadda, waxaana soo baxay warshad iyo aqal ugaarsade.

=== Xilligii Hore ee Casriga ah ===
Doberan waxay si xun ugu dhibaatootay [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano]].

Xaaladda Doberan ayaa si weyn loo xoojiyay qarnigii 18-aad markii Duke of [[Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]], [[Frederick Francis I of Mecklenburg|Frederick Francis I]] uu u doortay madadaalada qoyska ducal, sharafta Mecklenburg iyo, ka dib, qaar ka mid ah bourgeoisie-ga taajiriinta ah sidoo kale. Ingiriiska waxaa laga dareemay in badda oo lagu dabaasho ay si gaar ah u caafimaad qabto. Natiijo ahaan, 1793, duke-ku wuxuu ku dabaashay taladii dhakhtarkiisa Rostock, [[Samuel Gottlieb Vogel]], ee ''Heiliger Damm'' ee Badda Baltic, taas oo calaamad u ah dhalashada goobta ugu horreysa ee xeebta Jarmalka, [[Heiligendamm]]. Dabaal-gayaashu waxay ku sugnaayeen Doberan waxayna ku ciyaareen mashiinnada booska (sanduuqyada dalxiiska ee ducal waxay ururiyeen 30,000 [[thaler|thalers]] oo royalties ah oo ka yimid [[casino|casino-yada]] Doberan), qoob-ka-ciyaarka, iyo [[horse racing|tartanka fardaha]] (waxaa laga yaabaa in tartankii ugu horreeyay ee fardaha ee Jarmalka uu ka dhacay halkan 10 Agoosto 1822).

=== Xilligii Dambe ee Casriga ah ===
[[File:Doberan Stadtansicht um 1900.jpg|thumb|Bad Doberan qiyaastii 1900]]
[[File:Bad Doberan, Mecklenburg - Stahlbad.jpg|thumb|Stahlbad]]
Naqshadeeyayaasha caanka ah, sida [[Carl Theodor Severin]], ardayda labada sayid ee duugga ah ee [[Classicist|naqshadaynta Classicist]], [[Carl Gotthard Langhans]] iyo [[Friedrich Gilly]], iyo Johann Christoph von Seydewitz ayaa dhisay isku xigxig degdeg ah qaabka saafiga ah ee Classicist: guriga martida (''Logierhaus''), dhismaha qolka (''Salongebäude'') oo leh ballroom-kiisa sharafta leh ee qaabka [[Empire (style)|Empire]], [[Prince's Palace|Qasriga Amiirka]] (''Prinzenpalais''), guriga qubayska [[Stahlbad (Bad Doberan)|''Stahlbad'']], dhowr guryo magaalo iyo meelaha caanka ah ee Shiinaha, oo ay ku jiraan hantida naqshadaha beerta, waxa loogu yeero [[Kamp (Bad Doberan)|''Kamp'']]. Mahadnaqa amiirka ee dhisaha oo qaabeeyay muuqaalka Doberan aad u badan, wuu yaraa; Severin wuxuu ku dhintay saboolnimo iyo iloobin Bad Doberan, halkaas oo lagu aasay meel aan la aqoon. Wakhtiga ugu sarreeya (1793: 900, 1840, 3,000, 1870: 4,000 oo qof) waxay socotay kaliya dhowr sano. Si tartiib ah Heiligendamm ayaa u kobcay, mar ahaan jiray kaliya lifaaq Doberan, galay goob madaxbannaan, iyo ku wareegsan Doberan waxay noqotay mid aamusan mar kale.

[[File:Bad Doberan Molli (02) 2006-09-24.JPG|thumb|Tareenka uumiga ee ''[[Molli railway|Molli]]'' ee Bad Doberan]]
Midna bixinta xuquuqda magaalada ee Doberan 1879 (motto: Deerada, qalooca iyo swan, waa hubka Doberan) ama dhismaha khadka tareenka ee Rostock via Bad Doberan ilaa Wismar 1883/84, ama aasaasidda [[narrow gauge steam railway|tareenka uumiga]] inta u dhaxaysa 1886 iyo 1910 ma beddelin xaaladda wax badan. Tareenka, oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''[[Molli]]'' ayaa wali socda maanta via Heiligendamm ilaa [[Kühlungsborn]], isagoo dhex maraya bartamaha magaalada.

Magaaladu waxay kasbatay xaaladda goob dalxiis iyo horgalaha ''Bad'' 1921 (&quot;Bad&quot; macnaheedu waa &quot;spa&quot; ama &quot;goob dalxiis&quot; waana horgale caadi ah Jarmalka).

Agoosto 1932, [[Adolf Hitler]] waxaa la siiyay muwaadin sharaf leh; Bad Doberan waxay ahayd magaaladii ugu horreysay ee Jarmalka ee sidaas samaysa. Xaqiiqdi, maadaama shahaadada la lumiyay, waxaa jiray is-afgaranwaa dhowr sano oo ku saabsan in la siiyay muwaadin sharaf leh iyo in kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilligii gu'ga 1932 [[Nazi Party|Xisbiga Nazi]] wuxuu lahaa aqlabiyad dhammaystiran shirka golaha magaalada, iyo maqaallo la daabacay ayaa wali jira waqtigaas, sidaas darteed waxaa guud ahaan la aqbalay in Hitler run ahaantii lagu sharfay habkan. Iyadoo magaaladu martigelinayso shir madaxeedka G8 bishii Juun 2007, waxaa la go'aamiyay 2 Abriil in Hitler laga saaro liiska sharafta magaalada, inkasta oo caadi ahaan muwaadin sharafeedka noocan oo kale ah uu dhammaado dhimashada qofka ku lug leh.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200704/s1887948.htm Town embarrassed by Hitler link. 02/04/2007. ABC News Online&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;

12 Juun 2011, [https://www.flickr.com/photos/the-view-from-up-here/5826897828/in/set-72157626823199653/ dukumenti soo baxay] kaas oo u badan inuu tilmaamayo [[Rosenkopf]] inay tahay magaaladii ugu horreysay ee Jarmalka ee siisa Adolf Hitler muwaadin sharaf leh (22 Luulyo 1932), maahan Bad Doberan.

=== Muddo-dagaalkii kadib ===
[[File:Kurhaus, Heiligendamm.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Goobtii shir madaxeedka G8 2007: Grand Hotel Kempinski ee [[Heiligendamm]]]]
Laga soo bilaabo qiyaastii 1965 ilaa 1985 meelaha la deggan yahay ee Buchenberg, oo leh 1,049 guri, iyo Kammerhof oo leh 589 guri, ayaa lagu dhisay qaab [[Plattenbau]]. Ka dib dhammaadkii GDR 1990, [[historic town centre|xarunta magaalada taariikhiga ah]] iyo kaniisadda Bad Doberan ayaa si fiican loo dayactiray iyada oo qayb ka ah [[urban development|horumarka magaalada]]. 1994, degmada miyiga (''Landkreis'') ee Bad Doberan waxaa laga sameeyay degmooyinka [[Kreis Bad Doberan|Bad Doberan]] iyo [[Kreis Rostock Land|Rostock Land]] iyo [[Amt Schwaan]]. Rugta dhaqancelinta ee ''Moorbad'' ayaa la furay 1996 iyo Median Clinic, Heiligendamm, 1997. Tan iyo 2000, Bad Doberan waxay ahayd goob bogsiin ah. 2005 hoolka magaalada cusub ayaa la daah-furay. 13 Luulyo 2006 madaxweynaha Maraykanka, [[George W. Bush]], ayaa habeenkii ku hoyday Heiligendamm.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://german.germany.usembassy.gov/germany-ger/bush2006.html |title=DIPLOMATISCHE VERTRETUNGEN DER USA DEUTSCHLAND - Präsident Bush besucht Deutschland |access-date=2015-05-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721071521/http://german.germany.usembassy.gov/germany-ger/bush2006.html |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Laga bilaabo 6 ilaa 8 Juun 2007, [[G8 Summit]] ayaa ka dhacay Heiligendamm, kaas oo ay ka qaybgaleen [[Stephen Harper]] (Canada), [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] (France), [[Angela Merkel]] (Germany), [[Romano Prodi]] (Italy), [[Shinzō Abe]] (Japan), [[Vladimir Putin]] (Russia), George W. Bush (USA), [[Tony Blair]] (UK) iyo [[José Manuel Durão Barroso]] (EU).

== Dhaqanka iyo goobaha ==
[[File:Albert of Sweden grave 2010 (2).jpg|thumb|Qabriga Boqor Albert ee Sweden ee Doberan Minster]]

=== Guud ===
Dhismayaasha classicist-ka ee lagu garto xarumaha Bad Doberan iyo Heiligendamm waxaa dhamaantood dhisay 1801 iyo 1836 naqshadeeye, Carl Theodor Severin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhismaha ugu caansan waa [[Doberan Minster]] (''Doberaner Münster'', 1368), oo mar ahaan jiray kaniisadda [[Doberan Abbey]], waana mid ka mid ah tusaalooyinka ugu cajiibsan ee [[Brick Gothic]] dhismaha gobolka Badda Baltic. Waa goobta ugu muhiimsan ee diimeed ee [[European Route of Brick Gothic]]. Qabriga weyn ee Boqor [[Albert, King of Sweden|Albert ee Sweden]] ayaa halkaas laga heli karaa.

Bad Doberan sidoo kale waa hoyga &quot;''[[Molli]]''&quot;, tareen uumiga taariikhiga ah ee qarnigii 19-aad kaas oo ah dalxiis soo jiidasho leh iyo sidoo kale adeeg maalinle ah oo magaalada iyo xeebta deriska ah.

Magaaladu waxay martigelisaa dabbaaldegga sannadlaha ah ee u dabaaldegaya muusigga [[Frank Zappa]], [[Zappanale]], sidoo kale waxay soo bandhigtaa busta fanaanka.

=== Matxafyada ===
[[File:Moeckelhauswiki.jpg|thumb|''Möckelhaus'' (Matxafka Magaalada iyo Goobta)]]
* Matxafka Magaalada iyo Goobta: bandhig joogto ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda Doberan-Heiligendamm ee gurigii hore ee naqshadeeye iyo dhisaha [[Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel]], oo dhisay villa-kan [[Neo-Gothic]] 1886 ilaa 1888.
* Ehm Welk House: goob kulan dhaqameed oo ku taal gurigii hore ee qoraaga, [[Ehm Welk]]

=== Taallooyinka taariikhiga ah ===
[[File:Bad Doberan Ehrenmal Buchenberg 2010-03-29.JPG|thumb|upright|Taallo loo dhisay kuwa ku dhintay Dagaalkii Weyn]]
* Taallo askartii ka timid Doberan ee ku dhintay ama ku maqan [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]] ee buurta Buchenberg (oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''Backenzahn''). kii asalka ahaa waa laga saaray. Maanta waxaa jira iskutallaab cad oo hortiisa taallo. Taallada waxaa la dhisay dabayaaqadii 1920-yadii naqshad uu sameeyay Hans Carlson.
* Taallo laga soo bilaabo 1960-yadii, oo uu maalgeliyay qoraaga, [[Ehm Welk]], hortiisa dugsiga dhexe ee Buchenberg ee ''Ehm-Welk-Straße'', &quot;dhibanayaasha fashiistaha&quot;.
* Taallo laga soo bilaabo 1986 by sculptor [[Reinhard Dietrich]], u dhow kaniisadda dhibanayaasha fashiistaha.
* Taallo laga soo bilaabo 1970 hortiisa dugsiga ee ''Beethovenstraße'' si loo xuso Shuuciga [[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag MP]], Ernst Schneller, oo lagu dilay [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|xeryaha fiirsashada ee Sachsenhausen]]. Dugsigu wuxuu ka tagay magaciisa oo uu qaatay xilligii Bariga Jarmalka.

=== Dhismayaasha iyo dhaqanka ===
[[File:Heiligendamm Gedenkstein.jpg|thumb|upright|Taallo loo dhisay Frederick Francis I ee Heiligendamm]]
[[File:Bad Doberan - Kreuz im Bad Doberaner Münster (Christusseite).jpg|thumb|upright|Christ side of the Altar of the Holy Cross in [[Doberan Minster]]]]
* [[Doberan Abbey]] iyo [[Doberan Minster|Minster]]
* [[Althof Chapel]] laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 15-aad. Waa hal-aisled, cross-rib vaulted, dhisme leben ah kaas oo si weyn loogu beddelay Möckel sanadihii 1886-1888.
* burburka bakhaarka kaniisadda (''Klosterscheune'') ee Althof, goob Gothic ah oo leh saf arcades ah.
* [[Heiligendamm]], goobtii ugu horreysay ee xeebta ee Jarmalka
* [[Kamp (Bad Doberan)|Kamp]], beerta qaabka Ingiriiska oo leh geedo qurux badan oo geedkii, limes, chestnuts iyo elms, iyo kuwaas oo samaynta cutub farshaxan ah oo leh dhismayaal qaabka ugu saafi ah ee Classicist, oo ay ku jiraan:
* ''Kurhaus'', oo hore u ahaan jiray ''Logierhaus'' (la dhisay 1793 by v. Seydewitz);
* ''Salongebäude'', la dhisay 1802 by Severin; hoolka xafladaha waa gudaha Classicist ee ugu fiican Bad Doberan;
* Großer Palais la dhisay 1806/09 by Severin, wuxuu ka kooban yahay hanti gaar ah oo ku taal hoolka beerta oval: saqaf rinji ah iyo wallpaper oo muujinaya [[Cupid|Amor]] iyo [[Cupid and Psyche|Psyche]] halyeeyga [[Apuleius]] (ku salaysan naqshadaha Lois Lafitte iyo Mary Blonder oo la daabacay 1820 ee Paris).
* ''Severinstraße'' ee ku xiga waa guriga cunto kariyaha shakhsi ahaaneed ee duke, [[Gaetano Medini]], (No. 5), la dhisay by Severin 1825, gaar ahaan caan ku ah facade-kiisa aadka u firfircoon, qaybsan.
* Dhinaca kale ee Kamp waa [[Prince's Palace (Bad Doberan)|Qasriga Amiirka]] iyo guriga ''Gottesfrieden'' oo ka soo horjeeda, kuwaas oo la dhisay by Severin midba midka kale sida guryihiisa. Wuxuu u baahday inuu dhiibo kii ugu horreeyay ee sayidkiisa.
* Pavilions-ka Cas iyo Caddaan (la dhisay 1808/09 iyo 1810 ilaa 1813) ee bartamaha beerta waa tusaalooyin kaliya iyo [[chinoiserie|naqshado Shiinees ah]] ee [[Mecklenburg]] iyo bilowgii waxay dejiyeen pavilion muusig iyo dukaamo dukaameysi.
* [[Friderico-Francisceum]], [[Gymnasium (Germany)|gymnasium-ka]] kaliya ee magaalada, wuxuu ku yaalaa dhisme u dhow Kamp kaas oo la dhisay by Möckel 1889.
* Tempelberg hill waa [[water tower (Bad Doberan)|munaaradda biyaha]] duugga ah, dhismaha kaas oo bilaabmay 1927. Waa taallo liis gareysan.

Sannad kasta dabbaaldegga muusigga [[Zappanale]] wuxuu ka dhacaa Bad Doberan.

=== Sport ===
* [[Baltic Sea Racecourse]] (''Ostseerennbahn''): tartankii ugu horreeyay ee Jarmalka, oo la dhigay 1823 iyada oo ku salaysan tusaalaha Ingiriiska
* Kubadda cagta: ''Doberaner FC''
* Cycling/Triathlon: ''Doberaner SV'', qaybta Cycling/Triathlon
* Handball: ''Doberaner SV'', Ragga: qaybta 3aad; Haweenka: qaybta 1aad ee gobolka (''Landesoberliga'')
* Light athletics: ''Doberaner SV''

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Johanna Andre (1861-1926).jpg|thumb|140px|[[Johanna André]], ca 1900]]

=== Ku dhashay magaalada ===
* [[Johanna André]] (1861–1926), soprano iyo macallin codka
* [[Eduard Heyck]] (1862–1941), taariikhyahan dhaqameed, tifaftire, qoraa iyo abwaan
* [[Otto Schünemann]] (1891–1944), lieutenant general ee Wehrmacht
* [[Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern]] (1891 ee Heiligendamm – 1965), madaxa [[House of Hohenzollern]]
* [[Olaf Klose]] (1903−1987), taariikhyahan farshaxan iyo maktabad.
* [[Joachim Schmettau]] (dhashay 1937), sculptor-ka Berlin-based
* [[Michael Buddrus]] (dhashay 1957), locksmith iyo taariikhyahan.

==== Sport ====
* [[Hans Wolf]] (dhashay 1940), cyclist Maraykan ah
* [[Frank Paschek]] (dhashay 1956), long jumper, bilad lacag ah oo at [[1980 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Felix Drahotta]] (dhashay 1989), rower, bilad lacag ah oo at [[2016 Summer Olympics]]

[[File:Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy by Eduard Magnus (1833).jpg|thumb|140px|[[Felix Mendelssohn]] Bartholdy, 1846]]

=== Ku noolaa, ka shaqeeyay ama ku dhintay magaalada ===
* [[Claus von Amsberg]] (1926–2002), ninkii [[Queen Beatrix]]; ardayga [[Friderico-Francisceum]] Gymnasium 1933/1936 iyo 1943
* [[Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy]] (1809–1847) wuxuu joogay sidii 15-jir xagaagii 1824 aabbihiis dhowr toddobaad Doberan wuxuuna ka kooban yahay kuwa kale, 'Doberaner Blasmusik'.
* [[Gaetano Medini]] (1772–1857), Italian-born Jarmal restaurateur, ku dhintay maxalli ahaan
* [[Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel]] (1838–1915), naqshadeeye iyo dhisaha, ku noolaa, ka shaqeeyay oo ku dhintay maxalli ahaan 
* [[Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg|Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg]] [-Schwerin] (1873–1969), ku noolaa maxalli ahaan 1924/1945.
* [[Carl Theodor Severin]] (1763–1836), naqshadeeye, ku noolaa, ka shaqeeyay oo ku dhintay maxalli ahaan.
* [[Ehm Welk]] (1884–1966), qoraa, ku noolaa halkan laga bilaabo 1950 oo ku dhintay maxalli ahaan
* [[Herman Wirth]] (1885–1981), folkish pseudo-taariikhyahan, xilligii Nazi wuxuu bilaabay maxalli ahaan, a ''&quot;Research Institute of Spirit Surge layer&quot;''

=== Freeman ===
Bad Doberan waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah magaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee magacaabay [[Adolf Hitler]] Agoosto 1932 muwaadin sharaf leh. 2 Abriil 2007, golaha magaaladu si rasmi ah ayuu ula noqday muwaadinnimadiisa sharafta leh.&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,475336,00.html Bad Doberan befreit sich von Ehrenbürger Hitler]''. In: ''Spiegel online''. 2.&amp;nbsp;April 2007&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iskaashi ==
* {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Bad Schwartau]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Wikivoyage|Bad Doberan}}
{{Commons category|Bad Doberan}}
* {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Doberan |volume= 8 |page= 350 |short=1}}
*{{in lang|de}} [http://www.bad-doberan.de/ Bad Doberan bogga rasmiga ah]
*{{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060803140132/http://doberan.de/ Doberan Newspaper on Sunday]


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|type                = Amt
|name               = Bad Doberan-Land
|image_coa             =
|coordinates        = {{coord|54|06|N|11|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan           =Amt_Bad_Doberan-Land_in_LRO.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Rostock
|area             = 108.41
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 130725251 
|licence                = DBR
|website            = [http://www.doberan-land.de/ www.doberan-land.de]
|mayor      = Klaus-Peter Wiendieck
|Bürgermeistertitel = Amtsvorsteher
}}

'''Bad Doberan-Land''' waa ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ku taal degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. Xarunta ''Amt''-ka waxay ku taal [[Bad Doberan]], taas oo iyadu aan ka mid ahayn ''Amt''-kan.

== Qaybaha ==
''Amt''-ka Bad Doberan-Land wuxuu ka kooban yahay degmooyinka soo socda:
# [[Admannshagen-Bargeshagen]]
# [[Bartenshagen-Parkentin]]
# [[Börgerende-Rethwisch]]
# [[Hohenfelde, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|Hohenfelde]]
# [[Nienhagen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|Nienhagen]]
# [[Reddelich]]
# [[Retschow]]
# [[Steffenshagen]]
# [[Wittenbeck]]

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bad Düben</title>
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|type               = Stadt
|image_photo        = {{Multiple image
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 |border = infobox
 |total_width = 290
 |perrow = 1/2/1
 |image1 = Stadtkirche Bad Düben.jpg
 |caption1 = Aragtida Bad Düben oo leh kaniisadda St. Nikolai
 |image2 = Bad Düben - Markt + Marktbrunnen + 11Rathaus 02 ies.jpg
 |caption2 = Hoolka magaalada
 |image3 = 20090404175DR Bad Düben Burg Düben Torhaus Haupthaus.jpg
 |caption3 = Qasriga Bad Düben
 |image4 = 2006 Kurpark Moorbad.jpg
 |caption4 = Beerta Spa-ga ee Bad Düben
  }}
|image_caption = Hoolka magaalada
|image_coa            = Wappen Bad Dueben.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|35|31|N|12|35|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Bad Düben in TDO.png
|state        = 
|district         = Nordsachsen
|elevation              = 98
|area            = 45.81
|postal_code               = 04849
|area_code           = 034243
|licence               = TDO, DZ, EB, OZ, TG, TO
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 14730020
|divisions         = 4 Stadtteile
|website           = [https://www.bad-dueben.de/ www.bad-dueben.de]
|mayor             = Astrid Münster&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;28
|party             = FWG
}}

'''Bad Düben''' ({{IPA|de|ˌbaːt ˈdyːbm̩|-|De-Bad Düben.ogg}}), ilaa 1948 '''Düben''' waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Nordsachsen]] ee [[Saxony]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal dhinaca koonfureed ee [[Düben Heath Nature Park]] ([[Düben Heath]]), inta u dhaxaysa webiyada [[Elbe]] iyo [[Mulde]], kaas oo dhex mara bartamaha magaalada.

== Taariikh ==

Taariikhda Bad Düben waxay dib ugu noqotaa ugu yaraan 1,000 sano waxayna asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa qalcaddii [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] ee ''Dibni'', iyadoo markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumentiyada 981. Qalcadaha ku hareeraysan qalcadda ayaa muddo ka dib horseeday samaynta magaalada ee Mulde. Magaaladu waxay ahayd goob ay ka dhaceen dhacdooyin taariikhi ah oo dhowr ah, oo ay ku jirto dagaal 1450 ah oo dhex maray Friedrich iyo Wilhelm von Thüringen, kaas oo qalcaddii hore gabi ahaanba lagu burburiyay. Murankii halyeeyga ahaa ee u dhexeeyay [[Hans Kohlhase]] iyo Günter von Zaschnitz ayaa lagu xaliyay maxkamad laga dhisay magaalada 1533.

1631, intii lagu jiray [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano]], [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustav Adolf II]] iyo [[John George I, Elector of Saxony]] waxay ku kulmeen magaalada si ay u sameeyaan isbahaysi ka dhan ah [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]].

1813, [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] iyo ciidamadiisa waxay habeen ku qaateen Burg Düben ka hor intaysan u dhaqaaqin dhinaca Leipzig halkaas oo [[Battle of the Nations|Dagaalkii Qaramada]] uu markii dambe dhici doono. Ka dib [[Congress of Vienna]] 1815, Bad Düben waxaa lagu wareejiyay [[Prussia]], waxayna noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Province of Saxony]].

1948, magaalada Düben waxaa la siiyay magaca &quot;Bad&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay [[spa|goob dalxiis]]. Ka dib dib-u-habaynta maamulka iyo kala diristii xigtay ee [[Saxony–Anhalt]] 1952, Bad Düben waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Degmada Leipzig ee dhowaan la sameeyay. Bishii Luulyo 1990, Bad Düben waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Free State of Saxony|Saxony]] oo dib loo habeeyay waxaana lagu daray Degmada [[Delitzsch]], taas oo noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Nordsachsen]] (Northern Saxony) ka dib dib-u-habayntii maamulka ee 2008.

== Dadka ka shaqeeyay deegaanka ==

* Bärbel Wachholz (1938–1984), DDR-pop singer
* [[Christoph Hein]] (dhashay 1944), qoraa iyo muwaadin sharaf leh, ku koray magaalada
* [[Elke Dopp]] (dhashay 1965), borofisar dhinaca nadaafadda iyo daawada deegaanka, ku dhalatay Bad Düben
* Norman Liebold (dhashay 1976), qoraa, fannaan iyo jilaa, dugsi ka dhigtay Bad Düben

== Goobaha ugu muhiimsan ==
* Qasriga Bad Düben, qalcaddii qarniyadii dhexe oo ku taal koonfurta magaalada
* Kaniisadda St Nicolas, kaniisad hore oo [[Catholic|Katoolik ah]] haddana [[Lutheran]] ah oo ku taal meel u dhow fagaaraha ugu weyn ee magaalada
== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}


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    <title>Bad Dürrheim</title>
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|coordinates        = {{coord|48|01|N|08|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_photo = BadDuerrheimKurpark.jpg
|image_caption = Beerta Spa-ga ee Bad Dürrheim
|image_plan = Bad Dürrheim in VS.svg
|state         = 
|region   = Freiburg
|district          = Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
|elevation               = 703
|area             = 62.08
|postal_code                = 78073
|area_code            = 07726 / 07706
|licence                = VS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 26 003
|divisions         = &lt;!-- XX [[Ortsteil]]e oder [[Stadtbezirk]]e --&gt;
|website           = {{url|https://www.bad-duerrheim.info/}}
|mayor             = Jonathan Berggötz&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, waxaa la helay 14 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;27
|party             = madaxbannaan
}}
'''Bad Dürrheim''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈdʏʁhaɪm|-|De-Bad Dürrheim.ogg}}; [[Low Alemannic German|Low Alemannic]]: ''Diirä'') waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Schwarzwald-Baar]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal bariga [[Black Forest]], {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} waqooyi kaga beegan [[Donaueschingen]], iyo {{convert|6|km|abbr=on}} koonfur-bari kaga beegan [[Villingen-Schwenningen|Villingen]].

Laga soo bilaabo 1951 ilaa 1978, Bad Dürrheim waxay ahayd goob laga sii daayo [[Bad Dürrheim transmitter|transmitter]] u gaar ah mediumwave.

== Duq-magaalooyinka ==

* 1946–1954: Wilhelm Grießhaber
* 1954–1979: Otto Weissenberger
* 1979–2003: Gerhard Hagmann
* 2003–2019: Walter Klumpp
* 2019– : Jonathan Berggötz

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah ==
Bad Dürrheim waxay [[town twinning|mataano]] la tahay:

* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hajdúszoboszló]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Enghien-les-Bains]], France
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Spotorno]], Italy

== Muwaadiniinta sharafta leh ==
* 1937: [[Walter Köhler]] (1897–1989), siyaasi (NSDAP), (Wasiirka-Madaxweynaha ee Baden), muwaadinimadii sharafta lahaaa waa la baabi'iyay 28 May 1946 amar ka soo baxay Maamulaha Degmada Bienzeisler ee [[Villingen]]

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons}}
* {{in lang|de}} [https://www.bad-duerrheim.info/ Bogga rasmiga ah]


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{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Bad Eilsen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|14|35|N|9|5|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Bad Eilsen in SHG.svg
|image_photo = Bad-Eilsen Hotel-Fürstenhof.jpg
|image_caption = Guriga Amiirka ee ku yaal beerta spa-ga
|state        = 
|district         = Schaumburg
|Samtgemeinde      = Eilsen
|elevation              = 133
|area            = 2.46
|postal_code               = 31707
|area_code           = 05722
|licence               = SHG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 005
|website           = [https://www.bad-eilsen.de/ www.bad-eilsen.de]
|mayor     = Christel Bergmann
|party            = SPD
}}

'''Bad Eilsen''' ([[West Low German|West Low German]]: ''Ahlsen'') waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Schaumburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|11|km|abbr=on}} koonfur-galbeed kaga beegan [[Stadthagen]], iyo {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} koonfur-bari kaga beegan [[Minden]].

Bad Eilsen sidoo kale waa xarunta ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmo wadareed&quot;) [[Eilsen (Samtgemeinde)|Eilsen]].

== Taariikh ==
Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Bad Eilsen waxay ku jirtay [[British Occupation zone in Germany|Aagga Ingiriisku qabsaday]].
[[Royal Air Force|British Air Force of Occupation]] (BAFO) ayaa la aasaasay 15 Luulyo 1945 waxaana xarunteedu ay ku taallay Bad Eilsen ilaa [[JHQ Rheindahlen]] laga furay 1954. Xarunta waxaa adeegsan jiray garoonka diyaaradaha ee [[RAF Bückeburg]] (hadda loo yaqaan [[Bückeburg Air Base]]), kaas oo sidoo kale u adeegay xaruntii u dhowaa ee [[British Army of the Rhine]] ee ku taal [[Bad Oeynhausen]].

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[https://badeilsen.org.uk/ Bad Eilsen Reunion]


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    <title>Bad Emstal</title>
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|type               = Gemeinde
|name              = Bad Emstal
|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|14|N|9|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Bad Emstal in KS.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Kassel
|district         = Kassel
|elevation              = 260
|area            = 38.67
|postal_code               = 34308
|area_code           = 05624
|licence               = KS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 33 006
|website           = [http://www.bad-emstal.de/ www.bad-emstal.de]
|mayor             = Daniel Rudenko&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2024-05/BVII_m05-2024_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen|language=de|date=21 May 2024|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;30
|party             = CDU
}}
'''Bad Emstal''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Kassel (district)|Kassel]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal 19&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed kaga beegan [[Kassel]], [[Jarmalka]].

Degmadu waa tii kaliya ee Hesse oo aan lahayn astaanta gacanta (coat of arms).

== Tirakoobka ==
Bad Emstal waxay 20&amp;nbsp;km u jirtaa koonfur-galbeed ee magaalada ugu weyn degmada ee Kassel. Degmadu waxay ku hareeraysan tahay beerta qaranka ee Habichtswald.

== Deegaannada ==
*[[Falkenstein Castle (Bad Emstal)]]

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}


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|image_coa          = Wappen Bad Endbach.svg
|image_skyline      = Panorama bad endbach 20030529.jpg
|image_caption      = Aragtida Bad Endbach
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|45|N|8|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan         = Marburg-Biedenkopf_Bad_Endbach.png
|state              = 
|region             = Gießen
|district           = Marburg-Biedenkopf
|elevation          = 300
|area               = 39.85
|postal_code        = 35080
|area_code          = 02776
|licence            = MR
|Gemeindeschlüssel  = 06 5 34 003
|divisions          = 8 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website            = [http://www.bad-endbach.de/ www.bad-endbach.de]
|mayor              = Erika Weber&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2024-05/BVII_m05-2024_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen|language=de|date=21 May 2024|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term        = 2023&amp;ndash;29
|party              = CDU
}}
'''Bad Endbach''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈʔɛntbax}}) waa degmada ugu fog xagga galbeed ee degmada [[Marburg-Biedenkopf]] ee gobolka [[Hessen]] ee [[Jarmalka]], waxayna xuduud la leedahay degmada [[Lahn-Dill-Kreis|Lahn-Dill]].

== Juquraafi ==

=== Goobta ===
Bad Endbach waxay ku taal Lahn-Dill Bergland (sare-joog) oo ku taal dhinaca hoose ee buuraha [[Rothaargebirge]] iyo [[Westerwald]] ee ku yaalla muuqaal buuraley hoose ah oo isbedbeddela inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka [[Marburg]] iyo [[Herborn (Hesse)|Herborn]].

Gudaha dhulka degmada, ee aagga Hartenrod, waxaa ka soo burqada durdurka loo yaqaan Salzböde, kaas oo qayb badan oo ka mid ah aagga degmada uu ku fidsan yahay.

=== Juquraafiga dhulka ===
Dhanka juquraafiga, aaggu wuxuu inta badan ka tirsan yahay samayska [[Devonian]] iyo Culm kaas oo ay ku badan yihiin [[slate]], [[greywacke]] iyo [[diabase]].

=== Degmooyinka deriska la ah ===
Si saacaddu u eg tahay xagga waqooyi, magaalooyinka iyo degmooyinka soo socda ayaa xuduud la leh degmada Bad Endbach:

Degmooyinka [[Angelburg]], [[Steffenberg]] iyo [[Dautphetal]] waxay ku kala yaallaan waqooyi-galbeed, waqooyi iyo waqooyi-bari. Kadib, xagga bari, waxaa ku yaal magaalada [[Gladenbach]]. Dhammaan degmooyinkan, sida Bad Endbach lafteeda, waxay ku yaallaan degmada Marburg-Biedenkopf. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira degmada [[Bischoffen]] ee koonfurta iyo degmada [[Siegbach]] ee galbeedka, kuwaas oo labaduba ka tirsan degmada Lahn-Dill.

=== Qaybaha degmada ===
Aagga degmada Bad Endbach wuxuu u qaybsan yahay siddeed degmo oo ka kooban.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=1
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#ACCEED&quot;
! Degmada
! Sharaxaad
|-
|'''Bottenhorn'''|| Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii 1350 qof, waa degmada saddexaad ee ugu weyn. Bottenhorn waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1302 dukumenti ka yimid Altenberg Monastery. Magacyadii hore: 1304 Botinhorne, 1324 Buttinhorn, 1491 Bettehorn, 1502 Bottenhorn
|-
|'''Dernbach'''|| Magacyadii hore: 1255 Derinbach, 1363 Therinbach, 1398 Derenbach, 1411 Dernbach.
|-
|'''Endbach'''|| Xarunta dhexe iyo degmada labaad ee ugu weyn ee ku taal meelaha ay durdurka Endebach ku shubo Salzböde. Magacyadii hore: 1261 Endebach, 1577 Ennebach
|-
|'''Günterod'''|| Magacyadii hore: 1294 Gunterode, 1343/47 Günterrode, 1416 Günterade, 1479 Gonterodde, 1502 Gunteroide, 1564 Günterode
|-
|'''Hartenrod'''|| Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin 2504 qof (1997) waa degmada ugu weyn. Hartenrod waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1364. Magacyadii hore: 1364 Harterode, 1380 Harprachterode, 1397 Hartenrade, 15. Jhd. Hirtprachterode, 1466 Hartenrode, 1502 Harteroide, 1630 Hartenroda.
|-
|'''Hülshof'''|| Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii 20 qof, oo ku nool shan guri, waa degmada ugu yar. Hülshof waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1284. Magacyadii hore: 1284 Hulsbahc, 1304 Halespecher marca, 1304 Hulisbach, 1344 Hultzpach, 1354 Hulzbach, 1397 Holspach, 1630 Hulß Hoff
|-
|'''Schlierbach'''|| Qiyaastii 420 qof. Schlierbach waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1318 sidii ''Slirbach'' (Slir-Lehm). Durdur isku magac ah ayaa mara tuulada yar. Magacyadii hore: 1318 Slirbach, 1359 Sclirbach, 1448 Slierbach, 1630 Schlirbach
|-
|'''Wommelshausen'''|| Qiyaastii 950 qof. Wommelshausen waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 10 Agoosto 1336. Foomamka hore ee magaca: 1336, tuulo labanlaab ah oo loo yaqaan ''Womoldishusin superior et inferior'' (Sare iyo Hoose Womoldishusin); 1340, Syvret von Womulshusen (magaca garsoore); lama taariikhayn, Wommeldishoffen; 1400, Waneboltshusen; 1500, Womelshusenn; 1536, Wumolzhusen; 1707, Womelshausen. Magaca wuxuu ka yimid magaca Frankish ee Womhold ama Wombold, sidaas darteedna macneheedu waa &quot;degsiimo ku taal guriga Wombold&quot;.
Tuuladu waa mid ka weyn xuskii ugu horreeyay, maadaama kaniisaddii (oo lagu sheegay hoos) ay hore u soo martay dib-u-habeyn 1268.
Degmada Hütte sidoo kale waxay ka tirsan tahay Wommelshausen. Markii hore si buuxda ugu koobnayd aagga miyiga ee Wommelshausen, hadda waxay sidoo kale liqday 80% aagga miyiga ee Endbach. Waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1586 magaca &quot;uf der Hütten&quot;, ka dibna 1703 sidii &quot;Die Hütte&quot;. Degmadani maaha tii hore ee Unterwommelshausen. Waa mid cusub waxaana dib loo raadin karaa warshad birta ah oo halkan ku jirtay qarniyadii dhexe ee dambe.
|}

== Taariikh ==
[[Image:Viadukt bad endbach 20040528.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Viaduct-ka tareenka Aar-Salzböde ee Hartenrod]]

=== Isku-biirinta ===
1 Febraayo 1971, labadii degmo ee Endbach iyo Wommelshausen ayaa ku biiray hal degmo oo Endbach ah, sidoo kale labadii degmo ee Hartenrod iyo Schlierbach ayaa sidaas oo kale u sameeyay 31 Diseembar ee isla sannadkaas, iyagoo qaatay magaca tii hore. 1 Abriil 1972, Günterod ayaa lagu biiriyay Endbach, ka hor intaanay ugu dambeyntii, 1 Luulyo 1974, taas oo ka dhalatay dib-u-habaynta degmada ee Hesse, Endbach iyo Hartenrod aan lagu biirin oo kaliya midba midka kale, laakiin sidoo kale Bottenhorn, Dernbach iyo Hülshof si ay u sameeyaan degmada cusub ee Bad Endbach.

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Golaha degmada ===
Laga bilaabo doorashadii degmada ee 6 Maarso 2016 iyo tii hore ee 27 Maarso 2011, siday u kala horreeyaan ee 26 Maarso 2006, kuraasta golaha degmada ayaa loo qaybiyay sidan:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statistik-hessen.de/k2016/html/EG534003.htm 2016-Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt (jarmal)]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statistik-hessen.de/K2011/EG534003.htm 2011-Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt (jarmal)]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statistik-hessen.de/subweb/k2006/EG534003.htm 2006-Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt (jarmal)]&lt;/ref&gt;
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|--- 
!colspan=2 | Xisbiyada iyo xannibaadaha codaynta
!align=&quot;center&quot; | %&lt;br /&gt;2016
!align=&quot;center&quot; | Kuraasta&lt;br /&gt;2016
!align=&quot;center&quot; | %&lt;br /&gt;2011
!align=&quot;center&quot; | Kuraasta&lt;br /&gt;2011
!align=&quot;center&quot; | %&lt;br /&gt;2006
!align=&quot;center&quot; | Kuraasta&lt;br /&gt;2006
|----
|SPD
|[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Bulshada ee Jarmalka]]
|align=&quot;right&quot; |42.6
|align=&quot;right&quot; |10
|align=&quot;right&quot; |37.8
|align=&quot;right&quot; |9
|align=&quot;right&quot; |35.5
|align=&quot;right&quot; |11
|----
|CDU
|[[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Midowga Dimuqraadiga Masiixiga]]
|align=&quot;right&quot; |36.3
|align=&quot;right&quot; |8
|align=&quot;right&quot; |40.1
|align=&quot;right&quot; |10
|align=&quot;right&quot; |36.0
|align=&quot;right&quot; |11
|----
|FWG
|Freiwillige Wählergemeinschaft (isbahaysiga muwaadiniinta)
|align=&quot;right&quot; |21.1
|align=&quot;right&quot; |5
|align=&quot;right&quot; |18.3
|align=&quot;right&quot; |5
|align=&quot;right&quot; |22.5
|align=&quot;right&quot; |7
|----
|UBL
|Unabhängige Bürgerliste Bad Endbach (liiska muwaadiniinta madaxbannaan)
|align=&quot;right&quot; |
|align=&quot;right&quot; |
|align=&quot;right&quot; |3.8
|align=&quot;right&quot; |1
|align=&quot;right&quot; |6.0
|align=&quot;right&quot; |2
|----
|--- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe5&quot;
!colspan=2 | Wadarta
!align=&quot;right&quot; |100
!align=&quot;right&quot; |23
!align=&quot;right&quot; |100
!align=&quot;right&quot; |25
!align=&quot;right&quot; |100
!align=&quot;right&quot; |31
|---
!colspan=2 | Turnout in %
!colspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot; |40.5
!colspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot; |39.1
!colspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot; |36.6
|}

=== Astaanta ===
Astaanta degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: In vert six bendlets sinister wavy argent; above a sun Or; below a watering can Or.

=== Mataanaynta magaalooyinka ===
* {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Ambt Montfort]], [[Netherlands]]

== Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska ==
Wommelshausen waxaa ku yaal kaniisad duug ah oo xusid mudan oo ka timid asalkii [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] taas oo u muuqata in dib loo habeeyay ama dib loo cusboonaysiiyay qarnigii 13-aad qaabkii hore ee [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]. Waxaa la sheegaa inay tahay dhismo taariikhi ah oo muhiim ah maadaama aysan si dhib yar u isbeddelin qarniyada. Qoryaha laga helay dhismaha east gable ayaa ka yimid sannadkii 1268 (sannadkii la jaray). Dhismaha maanta taagan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, aad buu u weyn yahay, suurtagalna waa 200 ama 250 sano. Intii lagu jiray shaqada dayactirka, tilmaamo ayaa laga helay dhinaca koonfureed ee qolka gudaha oo ku saabsan dhismo hore. Dhismahan hore waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ahaa kaniisad alwaax ah oo ku taal aasaas dhagax ah, waxaana laga yaabaa in la dhisay waqtigii howlgalkii [[Ireland|Irish]]-[[Scotland|Scottish]] ee aagga. Halgamaaga Irish-Scottish ayaa firfircoonaa meel u dhow xitaa ka hor [[Saint Boniface]], sida qoditaannada ku yaal [[Büraburg]] Monastery ay caddaynayaan (sida kuwa, iyo kuwo kale, [[Wetter, Hesse|Wetter]] iyo Christenberg). Dhismaha maanta taagan waxaa laga yaabaa in la dhisay iyadoo la raacayo saameynta [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] ''Bauhütte'' (oo ka horreysay [[guilds|guilds-ka]]), maadaama ay u egtahay ''Magnus-Kirche'' (kaniisad) ee Worms. Bishopric of Worms waxay mar lahayd hanti ballaaran oo dhan aagga.

Laba daaqadood oo yaryar, oo dhaadheer oo ku yaal dhinaca koonfureed ee dhismaha ayaa leh qaab-dhismeed wareegsan oo gudaha ah, laakiin si la yaab leh u cidhiidhi ah, qaab-dhismeedka dusheeda ee dibadda, calaamad hubaal ah oo dib-u-habeyn ah. Derbiga hore ee koonfureed ee laga galo wadaadka ayaa hubaal ah Romanesque. Laga soo galo layman-ka ayaa ku yaal dhinaca waqooyi ee hoos maraya daaqada dib loo weyneeyay. Derbiga galbeed waxaa laga helaa daaqad dheeraad ah. Kaniisaddu waxay mar lahayd hees oblong ah oo la burburiyay oo furitaankeeda la derbigay qarnigii 18-aad. Cabbiraadaha cabbirka gudaha ee dhismaha ayaa dhalinaya ballac dhan 6.95&amp;nbsp;m iyo dherer dhan 10.15&amp;nbsp;m. Derbiyadu waxay dhumucdoodu tahay 1.2&amp;nbsp;m. Dhisayaashu, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay isticmaaleen &quot;cag&quot;, oo la rumeysan yahay inay celcelis ahaan 33&amp;nbsp;cm dheer yihiin si ay u cabbiraan. Dhagaxyada dhismaha waxay ahaayeen boulders, greywacke, oo ku yaal sariiro hodan ah oo hoobiye ah. Ma jiraan dhagaxyo la jeexay. Qolka gudaha waa qol cad. Dhismaha wuxuu leeyahay ridge turret sida munaaradda gambaleelka. Weligeed ma lahayn [[steeple (architecture)|steeple]] sida kaniisadaha kale ee aagga. Kuwani waa waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee ka dhigaya dhismaha mid ka duwan kuwa kale ee aagga. Qolka gudaha waa mid kale oo ka mid ah tusaalooyinka ugu horreeya ee galleries-ka aagga oo dhan.

Kaniisadda ayaa la sheegaa in mar la dhisay guga. Meesha ay ku taal meesha ugu hooseysa tuulada ayaa miisaan u leh sheekadan. Waxaa la sheegay inay ahayd kaniisad loogu talagalay Saint Mary ka hor [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], waxayna u adeegtay goob [[pilgrimage|xajka]] sababtoo ah guga, oo la sheegay inay la shaqeyso yaabab, kaas oo la sheegay inuu ka soo baxay kaniisadda hoosteeda. Waxaa jira sheeko xiiso leh oo ku saabsan tan.

=== Degmooyinka Masiixiga ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=1
|----- bgcolor=&quot;#ACCEED&quot;
! Denomination
! Xarunta
|-
| Kaniisadda Evangelical || Bad Endbach / Bottenhorn / Günterod / Hartenrod / Wommelshausen
|-
| Degmada Evangelical ee xorta ah || Bad Endbach / Günterod / Hartenrod-Schlierbach / Wommelshausen
|-
| Kaniisadda Katoolik || Hartenrod
|-
| Ev. Gemeinschaft e.V. iyo [[Christian Endeavour]] Youth Association || Hartenrod
|-
| [[Plymouth Brethren|Christian Assembly]] (&quot;Open Brethren&quot;) || Bad Endbach / Günterod
|-
| [[Plymouth Brethren|Christian Assembly]] (&quot;Closed Brethren&quot;) || Dernbach / Günterod
|-
| Plymouth Brethren IV (&quot;[[Raven-Taylor-Hales Brethren|Exclusive Brethren]]&quot;) || Bad Endbach
|}

=== Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah ===
Toddobaadka socodka Easter, toddobaadka socodka Whitsun, maalmaha caafimaadka, maalmaha muusigga, toddobaadka socodka dayrta, ''Sinnlos'' dhalinyarada evangelization [http://www.sinnlos.org].

== Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha ==
Bad Endbach waxay nolol maalmeedkeeda ka heshaa ganacsiga spa iyo [[tourism|dalxiiska]]. Ma jiraan shirkado waaweyn oo ka shaqeeya degmada.

=== Spas ===
Bad Endbach waxay bixisaa shabakad ballaaran oo waddooyinka socodka, doorasho adeegyo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay daaweynta [[migraine]] iyo daaweynta xididdada iyo sidoo kale daryeelka caafimaad ka dib.

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.bad-endbach.de Bogga rasmiga ah ee Bad Endbach]


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      <text bytes="2193" sha1="1w7oxauo1uv2wqpz38mtmavm0eoggli" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type              = Municipality
|image_coa         = DEU Bad Endorf COA.svg
|image_photo       = Ortsbild Bad Endorf.jpg
|image_caption     = Aragtida Bad Endorf
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|54|N|12|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Endorf in RO.svg
|state             = 
|region            = Oberbayern
|district          = Rosenheim
|elevation         = 525-600
|area              = 40.1
|postal_code       = 83093
|area_code         = 08053
|licence           = RO
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 128
|website           = [http://www.bad-endorf.de/ www.bad-endorf.de]
|mayor             = Alois Loferer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
}}

'''Bad Endorf''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈʔɛndɔʁf}}) waa degmo iyo tuulo ku taal degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. Magaaladan suuqa ah waxay ku taal qiyaastii 15&amp;nbsp;km oo ka baxsan Rosenheim waxayna u dhowdahay harada [[Simssee]] iyo [[Chiemsee]] iyo magaalooyinka xeebta ee waaweyn, sida [[Prien am Chiemsee|Prien]], [[Gstadt am Chiemsee|Gstadt]], iyo [[Seeon-Seebruck|Seebruck]].

Magaaladu waxay hoy u tahay goob caafimaad oo weyn (spa), iyo sidoo kale xarunta tababarka ciyaaraha jiilaalka ee [[German Federal Police|Booliska Federaalka Jarmalka]] oo caan ku ah &quot;soo saarista&quot; ku guuleystayaasha biladaha [[Winter Olympic Games|Olimbikada Jiilaalka]] sida [[speed skating|xawaare-barafleyda]] haweenka ee [[Claudia Pechstein]].

Bad Endorf waxay leedahay hal xarun bas oo weyn iyo dhowr kuwa yar yar oo ku yaal magaalada hareeraheeda si ay u gaaraan meelaha gobolka. Magaaladu waxay kaloo leedahay xarun tareen oo [[Deutsche Bahn]] ah oo ku taal khadka [[Rosenheim–Salzburg railway|Rosenheim–Salzburg]] oo adeeg u leh magaalooyinka yaryar ee aagga iyo sidoo kale [[Rosenheim station|Rosenheim]], [[Munich Hauptbahnhof|Munich]], iyo [[Salzburg Hauptbahnhof|Salzburg]], Austria.

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Bad Essen</title>
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|image_photo = Bad Essen Panorama.JPG
|image_caption = Bad Essen
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|19|17|N|8|20|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Essen in OS.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Osnabrück
|elevation              = 113
|area            = 103.33
|postal_code               = 49152
|area_code           = 05472
|licence               = OS, BSB, MEL, WTL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 59 003
|website           = [https://www.badessen.de/ www.badessen.de]
|mayor             = Timo Natemeyer&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;26
|party             = SPD
}}
[[File:Bad Essen, die Sankt Nikolauskirche foto5 2013-09-29 13.50.jpg|Bad Essen, kaniisadda: die Sankt Nikolauskirche|thumb|180px|left]]

'''Bad Essen''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈʔɛsn̩}}) waa degmo yar iyo goob caafimaad oo ku taal degmada [[Osnabrück (district)|Osnabrück]], ee [[Lower Saxony]]. Bad Essen oo leh xarun taariikhi ah ayaa ku taal [[German Timber-Frame Road|Waddada Alwaaxa ee Jarmalka]].

== Juquraafi ==
Magaalada Bad Essen waxay ku taal [[Northern European Lowlands|Bannaanka Waqooyiga Jarmalka]], sababtoo ah kala guurka buuraleyda hoose ee loo gudbayo bannaanka. [[Wiehengebirge|Buuraha Wiehengebirge]] waxay daboolaan qiyaastii saddex meelood oo meel koonfureed ee magaalada waxayna gaaraan kor u kac dhan 211m oo ka sarreeya heerka badda. Meesha ugu sarreysa [[Wiehengebirge|Buuraha Wiehengebirge]] waxay ku taal madowga Brink ee Lintorf. Qaybta waqooyi ee magaalada waa mid siman, iyadoo celcelis ahaan kor u kac dhan 50m ka sarreeya heerka badda. [[Hunte]] waxay dhex martaa qaybta bari ee Bad Essen dhanka waqooyi waxayna ka gudubtaa [[Midland Canal|Kanaalka Midland]] ee Wittlage.

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://www.badessen.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah]

[[File:Mittellandkanal.JPG|thumb|left|Kanaalka Midland ee Bad Essen]]


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|image_caption     = Kaniisadda St Nicolas iyo hoolka magaalada
|type               = Stadt
|image_coa            = DEU Bad Freienwalde COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|47|08|N|14|01|57|E|format=dms|display=it}}
|image_plan          = Bad Freienwalde (Oder) in MOL.png
|state        = 
|district         = Märkisch-Oderland
|elevation              = 10-158
|area            = 131.11
|postal_code               = 16259
|area_code           = 03344
|licence               = MOL, FRW, SEE, SRB
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 64 044
|divisions         = 7 [[Ortsteil]]e
|mayor             = Ralf Lehmann&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/bm-wahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708161116/https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/bm-wahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 |date=2023-07-08 }}, waxaa la helay 1 Luulyo 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2017&amp;ndash;25
|party             = CDU
|website           = [https://bad-freienwalde.de/ bad-freienwalde.de]
}}

'''Bad Freienwalde''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˌfʁaɪənˈvaldə|-|De-Bad Freienwalde.ogg}}) waa [[spa town#Germany|magaalo dalxiis]] oo ku taal degmada [[Märkisch-Oderland]] ee gobolka [[Brandenburg]], ee waqooyi-bari [[Jarmalka]].

== Juquraafi ==
Magaaladu waxay ku taal [[Alte Oder]], oo ah laan hore oo ka mid ah webiga [[Oder]] oo ku taal dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed ee dooxada [[Oderbruch]] iyo kor u kaca qotada dheer ee [[Barnim Plateau]]. Waxay ku taal {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} bariga kaga beegan [[Eberswalde]], iyo {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} waqooyi-bari kaga beegan [[Berlin]], meel u dhow xuduudka [[Poland]].
Aagga degmadu wuxuu ka kooban yahay tuulooyinka soo socda: Altranft, Altglietzen, Bralitz, Hohensaaten, Hohenwutzen, Neuenhagen iyo Schiffmühle.

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Bad Freienwalde Rathaus.jpg|thumb|left|Hoolka magaalada]]
[[File:Schloss Freienwalde (DerHexer) 2010 9.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Freienwalde]]
Degsiimada ''Vrienwalde'' ee [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti 1316 ah waxayna u muuqatay [[German town law|magaalo]] 1364. Laga soo bilaabo 1618, [[Manorialism|manor-ka]] Freienwalde waxaa si toos ah u haystay amiirrada [[prince-elector|Brandenburg]] (''Kurfürsten'').

Laga soo bilaabo 1701, Bad Freienwalde waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Kingdom of Prussia|Boqortooyada Prussia]], iyo laga soo bilaabo 1871 sidoo kale [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1947, waxay maamul ahaan qayb ka ahayd [[Province of Brandenburg]].

[[Mineral spring|Isha macdanta]] ayaa la helay 1683. [[Alchemy|Alchemist]] [[Johann von Löwenstern-Kunckel|Johann Kunckel]] ayaa soo jiitay dareenka &quot;Great Elector&quot; [[Frederick William, the Great Elector|Frederick William of Brandenburg]], kaas oo, oo uu hayo [[gout|xanuunka laabotooyinka]], yimid Freienwalde sannadkii xigay. Waxaa diiwaangeliyay dhakhtarka [[Bernhardus Albinus]] 1685, ''Kurfürstenquelle'' waxay noqotay aasaaskii kor u kaca Freienwalde ee magaalo spa ah. Wiilka Frederick William, Boqor [[Frederick I of Prussia]], wuxuu lahaa [[maison de plaisance|guri raaxo]] oo uu dhisay naqshadeeyaha [[Andreas Schlüter]].

Horumarka ayaa la sii dhiirigeliyay, markii 1799 yar [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] Freienwalde Castle la dhisay iyadoo la raacayo qorshayaasha [[David Gilly]] sidii hoyga xagaaga ee Princess [[Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt]], carmalka Boqor [[Frederick William II of Prussia]]. Beerta waxaa dib u habeeyay [[Peter Joseph Lenné]] 1822. Warshadleyda iyo siyaasiga [[Walther Rathenau]] ayaa iibsaday qasriga 1909, waxaa la qaranimaystay ka dib dilkiisii 1922. Freienwalde waxay gaartay heerka rasmiga ah ee magaalo spa (''Bad'') 1925.

Intii lagu jiray marxaladihii ugu dambeeyay ee [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], 11 Maarso 1945, waxaa soo booqday [[Adolf Hitler]] booqashadiisii ugu dambeysay ee jiidda hore ee dagaalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rp.pl/historia/art15774641-hitler-wizytuje-front|title=Hitler wizytuje front|website=Rzeczpospolita|access-date=8 November 2023|language=pl}}&lt;/ref&gt; 16–20 Abriil 1945, dagaallo u dhexeeyay [[First Polish Army (1944–1945)|Ciidankii 1aad ee Polish]] iyo [[9th Army (Wehrmacht)|Ciidankii 9aad ee Jarmalka]] ayaa ka dhacay aagga, kuwaas oo ay ku guuleysteen Poles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|title=Boje Polskie 1939–1945. Przewodnik Encyklopedyczny|year=2009|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Bellona, Oficyna Wydawnicza RYTM|page=286|isbn=978-83-11-10357-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laga soo bilaabo 1947 ilaa 1952 ee Gobolka [[Brandenburg]], laga soo bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 ee [[Bezirk Frankfurt]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar kale ee Brandenburg.

== Dadka caanka ah ==
[[File:Elisa Radziwill 3.jpg|thumb|150px|Elisa Radziwill]]
*[[Elisabeth Radziwill]], (1803−1834), gacaliye u ahayd Prince [[Wilhelm I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I ee Prussia]] oo ku dhimatay Freienwalde
*[[Edith Andreae]] (1883–1952) salonière iyo walaashii Walther Rathenau.
* [[Alfred Blaschko]] (1858–1922), takhtarka maqaarka
*[[Hilde Jennings]] (1906-aan la garanayn), jilaa
* [[Hans Keilson]] (1909–2011), takhtarka maskaxda ee Dutch, qoraa
* [[Kurt Kretschmann]] (1914-2007) ilaaliye dabeecadda
* [[Erwin Wickert]] (1915-2008), dublamaasi Jarmal 
* [[Ferdinand Friedrich Zimmermann]] (1898-1967), saxafi, qoraa iyo [[Sturmbannführer]]
*[[Volkmar Sigusch]] (dhashay 1940), sexologist iyo takhtar
*[[Hildegard und Siegfried Schumacher]], qorayaasha buugaagta carruurta

== Tirakoobka ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;250&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Bad Freienwalde.pdf|Horumarka dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 xuduudaha hadda jira (Blue Line: Dadweynaha; Dotted Line: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Grey Background: Waqtiga xukunka Nazi; Red Background: Waqtiga xukunka Communist)
File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Bad Freienwalde.pdf|Horumarka Dadweynaha ee Dhawaan iyo Saadaasha: Horumarka Dadweynaha ka hor Tirakoobka 2011 (blue line); Horumarka Dadweynaha ee Dhawaan sida uu qabo [[Census in Germany|Tirakoobka Jarmalka]] 2011 (blue bordered line); Saadaasha rasmiga ah ee 2005-2030 (yellow line); ee 2017-2030 (scarlet line); ee 2020-2030 (green line)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{historical populations
|align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr
|title = Bad Freienwalde (Oder): Horumarka dadweynaha &lt;br&gt;xuduudaha hadda jira (2020)&lt;ref&gt;Ilo xogeed faahfaahsan ayaa laga heli karaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1875 | 15003
| 1890 | 17076
| 1910 | 19016
| 1925 | 18825
| 1939 | 19850
| 1950 | 20867
| 1964 | 19077
| 1971 | 18769
| 1981 | 17455
| 1985 | 17023
| 1990 | 16659
| 1995 | 15624
| 2000 | 14808
| 2005 | 13739
| 2010 | 12788
| 2015 | 12406
| 2016 | 12316
| 2017 | 12327
| 2018 | 12365
| 2019 | 12304
| 2020 | 12286
}}

== Xiriirrada caalamiga ah ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}

Bad Freienwalde waxay [[Twin towns and sister cities|mataano]] la tahay:
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Bad Pyrmont]], Jarmalka
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Międzyrzecz]], Poland

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category-inline|Bad Freienwalde (Oder)|Bad Freienwalde}}


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    <title>Bad Füssing</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Bad Füssing COA.svg
|image_photo  = Johannesbad-2008-Eingang.jpg
|image_caption = Albaabka laga galo spa-ga Johannesbad
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|21|N|13|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Füssing in PA.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Niederbayern
|district         = Passau
|elevation              = 320
|area            = 55.06
|postal_code               = 94072
|area_code           = 08531
|licence               = PA
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 75 116
|website           = [http://www.gde-badfuessing.de/ www.gde-badfuessing.de]
|mayor             = Tobias Kurz&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party= 
}}

'''Bad Füssing''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈfʏsɪŋ}}; Central Bavarian: Fiassing) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Passau (district)|Passau]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 3 km oo u jirta webiga [[Inn (river)|Inn]], kaas oo xuduud ka sameeya [[Austria]].

== Meelaha soo jiidashada ==
Bad Füssing oo caan ku ah barkadaha kuleylka ah, waa qayb ka mid ah Lower Bavarian [[Lower Bavarian Spa Triangle|Spa Triangle]].

Isha [[sulphurous water|biyaha baaruudda leh]] ee 56°C ayaa la helay 1938 qoto dheer oo ku dhow 1 km markii la qodayey saliid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Healing Waters {{!}} Geological representation |url=https://www.badfuessing.com/en/our-healing-water/healing-water/geological-representation |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.badfuessing.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Spa-gii ugu horreeyay wuxuu bilaabmay kaliya 1950-kii, ka dibna wuxuu u horumaray in ka badan xarumaha kale. Waxaa jira saddex barkadood oo dadweyne, tan ugu weyn&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peter Krieg - Johannesbad Reha-Kliniken GmbH &amp; Co. KG |first=Therme Bad Füssing |date=2022-09-19 |title=Johannesbad Therme - Bad Füssings Thermenjuwel |url=https://www.johannesbad-therme.de/ |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.johannesbad-therme.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ku saleysan tahay ceel la qoday 1964.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Geschichte &amp; Entwicklung der Johannesbad Gruppe |url=https://www.johannesbad.com/historie |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=Johannesbad Gruppe - Gesundheit ist unser Leben |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Bad Gandersheim</title>
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|type              = Stadt
|image_coa         = Wappen_Bad_Gandersheim.png
|image_photo       = Bad-gandersheim-2a.jpg
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|52|19|N|10|1|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Gandersheim in NOM.svg
|state             = 
|district          = Northeim
|elevation         = 143
|area              = 90.85
|postal_code       = 37575–37581
|area_code         = 05382
|licence           = NOM, EIN, GAN
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 55 001
|website           = [https://www.bad-gandersheim.de/ www.bad-gandersheim.de]
|mayor             = Franziska Schwarz&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/SW2021/reports/DW/DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Stichwahlen zu Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 26. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;26
|party             = SPD
}}
[[File:Bad Gandersheim Marktplatz 284-85-d.jpg|thumb|261px| Suuqa. Bidix: ''Weißes Roß'' Hotel, dhexe: ''Zur Ecke'', midig: ''Bracken'']]
[[File:Bad-gandersheim-1.jpg|thumb| Suuqa]]
[[File:Tower des Flugplatzes Bad Gandersheim.jpg|thumb|[[Flugplatz Bad Gandersheim|Garoonka diyaaradaha]]]]
'''Bad Gandersheim''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈɡandɐshaɪm|-|De-Bad Gandersheim.ogg}}; [[Eastphalian dialect|Eastphalian]]: ''Ganderssen'') waa magaalo ku taal koonfurta [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]], oo ku taal degmada [[Northeim (district)|Northeim]]. {{As of|December 2020}}, waxay lahayd dad tiradoodu gaaraysa 9,492.

Bad Gandersheim waxay leedahay guryo badan oo alwaax ah waxayna ku taal [[German Timber-Frame Road|Waddada Alwaaxa ee Jarmalka]] ({{langx|de|Deutsche Fachwerkstraße}}). Magaaladu waxay kaloo leedahay [[Flugplatz Bad Gandersheim|garoon diyaaradeed]].

== Juquraafi ==
Magaalada Bad Gandersheim waxay u dhaxaysaa [[Leine Uplands]], Weser Uplands, iyo Harz Foreland oo ku taal dooxada [[Gande (river)|Webiga Gande]], kaas oo uu ku shubo qaybta Eterna ee gudaha dhulka magaalada. Waqooyiga waxaa ku yaal [[Heber (hills)|Buuraha Heber Ridge]]. Degmadu inta badan waa buuraley. [[Harz Mountains|Buuraha Harz]] waxay bilaabmaan qiyaastii {{convert|10|km|abbr=off}} bariga magaalada, iyo {{convert|5|km|abbr=off}} dhanka galbeed waa [[Leine Graben]] ({{langx|de|Leinegraben}}).

=== Qaybaha degmada ===
Degmada Bad Gandersheim waxay ka kooban tahay qaybaha soo socda oo ku saleysan tuulooyinka ku hareeraysan:
{|
|valign = &quot;top&quot; width = &quot;200&quot; |
*Ackenhausen
*Altgandersheim
*Clus
*Dankelsheim
*Dannhausen
|valign = &quot;top&quot; width = &quot;200&quot; |
*Ellierode
*Gehrenrode
*Gremsheim
*Hachenhausen
*Harriehausen
|valign = &quot;top&quot; width = &quot;200&quot; |
*Heckenbeck
*Helmscherode
*Seboldshausen
*Wolperode
*Wrescherode
|}

== Taariikh ==
Magaaladu waxay soo bilaabatay 852, markii [[Gandersheim Abbey]], oo ah aqal loogu talagalay canonesses cilmaani ah, laga abuuray meel u dhow Brunshausen oo ay sameeyeen [[Liudolf, Duke of Saxony]] iyo xaaskiisa Oda. Kaniisaddii ugu horreysay ee [[Collegiate church|abbey]] ({{langx|de|Stiftskirche}}) ee magaalada dhexdeeda waxaa la bilaabay 856. Sannadkii 990 abbey-gu wuxuu helay xuquuqda suuqa iyo canshuurta. Intii lagu jiray qarnigii 10-aad, Gandersheim waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu muhiimsan [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]]; gabaygii ugu horreeyay ee Jarmalka [[Hrosvit]] (Roswitha) waxay ku noolayd oo ku shaqaynaysay halkan ilaa 973. 1159 Gandersheim waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay magaalo.

Markii isha macdanta la helay 1240, [[Pope Gregory IX]] wuxuu bilaabay dhismaha isbitaalka [[Holy Spirit]]. Qiyaastii 1330, [[Duke of Brunswick|Dukes of Brunswick]] waxay dhisteen qasriga sidii dheelitirnaan cilmaani ah oo loo eego kaniisadda abbey. Dhismahan ayaa maanta u adeega sidii maxkamadda garsoorayaasha iyo xarunta carruurta.

Qarnigii 19-aad ee dambe, magaaladu waxay bilowday inay caan ku noqoto awoodda bogsiinta ee ilaha macdanta, sannadkii 1932 Gandersheim waxay heshay xuquuq rasmi ah oo ay isugu yeerto [[spa town|magaalo spa]], sidaas darteed ''Bad'' Gandersheim, oo ay ugu wacan tahay ilahan.

Xagaagii 1926 waxaa jiray seddex maalmood oo &quot;[[Roswitha]] Memorial Celebration in 1000-year old Gandersheim&quot;. Tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horreysay ee qoraaga qarniyadii dhexe loo isticmaalo sidii sumad u ah magaalada. Dabaaldegyo la mid ah ayaa dhacay 1930 iyo 1933; kuwan waxay lahaayeen mawduucyo qaranka-shuuciyadda ah oo cad: &quot;Dhaqanka Jarmalka&quot; iyo &quot;Jewish-Communist Decadence.&quot;

Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 1944 ilaa Abriil 1945, magaaladu waxay ahayd goobta xerada Buchenwald Concentration Camp oo soo saaray qaybaha diyaaradaha.

1952, magaaladu waxay u dabaaldegtay 1100-sano guuradii ka soo wareegtay aasaaskii kaniisadda ee Liudolf. Ciyaar taariikhi ah, ''The Song of Gandersheim,'' ayaa lagu soo bandhigay fagaaraha suuqa. Tani waxay ahayd bilowgii aan rasmiga ahayn ee dabaaldegga xagaaga ''[[Gandersheimer Domfestspiele]]'', kaas oo la soo bandhigo sanad walba fagaaraha horteeda kaniisadda abbey ilaa 1959. Tan iyo waqtigan, waxay isu aasaastay sidii dabaaldegga tiyaatarka xagaaga ee ugu weyn ee xirfadlaha ah ee Lower Saxony. 2006, afar ka mid ah wax soo saarkeeda ugu waaweyn waxaa ka soo qayb galay qiyaastii 55,000 oo qof oo tiyaatar ah.

2004, Klaus Weineck wuxuu aasaasay Weineck Engineering, kaas oo soo saaray [[Weineck Cobra Limited Edition|Weineck Cobra]] laga soo bilaabo 2006-2011. Shirkadda injineernimada, waxay soo saartay 15 baabuur ka hor intaysan kacsani sababtoo ah la'aanta amarada baabuurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2005 Weineck Cobra 780 CUI Limited Edition {{!}} Paris 2014 |url=https://rmsothebys.com/auctions/pa14/lots/r131-2005-weineck-cobra-780-cui-limited-edition/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=RM Sotheby's |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duqa magaalooyinka ==

*1968–1970: Hans-Dieter Gottschalk (1932–2005)
*1974–1986: Heinz Köhler (1919–2010)
*1986–1991: Uwe Schwarz (SPD)
*1991–1996: Rudolf Hermes (CDU)
*1996–2001: Uwe Schwarz (SPD)
*2001–2014: Heinz-Gerhard Ehmen (madaxbannaan)
*2014-shaqada: Franziska Schwarz (SPD)

== Mataanaha magaalooyinka ==
{{See also|Flugplatz Bad Gandersheim|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Bad Gandersheim waxay [[Twin towns and sister cities|mataan]] la tahay:
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Rotselaar]], [[Belgium]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Skegness]], [[United Kingdom]]

[[File:Roswitha Duerer.jpg|thumb|left|140px|[[Hrotsvitha]], 1501]]
== Dadka caanka ah ee deggan ==
* [[Hrotsvitha]] (c. 935–973), canoness cilmaani ah oo qortay riwaayado iyo gabayo Masiixi ah
* [[Wilhelm Keitel]] (1882–1946), field marshal of Nazi Germany, lagu fuliyay dambiyada dagaalka
* [[Bodewin Keitel]] (1888–1953), general, walaalkii Wilhelm Keitel
* [[Herbert Otto Gille]] (1897–1966), general of the Waffen-SS
* [[Wolfgang Liebe]] (1911–2005), injineerka diyaaradaha, aerodynamics, alxameeye of the [[wing fence]]
* [[Wolfgang Schöne]] (dhashay 1940), bass-baritone in opera iyo concert.
* [[Mehrdad Mostofizadeh]] (dhashay 1969), siyaasi

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Wikivoyage|Bad Gandersheim}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Bad Godesberg</title>
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| name               = Bad Godesberg
| name_local         = 
| type               = Borough
| Town               = Bonn
| image_photo        = Godesburg 2 db.jpg
| image_caption      = Haraabka [[Godesburg]]
| image_flag         = Flagge Bad Godesberg.svg
| image_coa          = DEU Bad Godesberg COA.svg
| image_plan         = Bonn Stadtbezirk Bad Godesberg.svg
| plantext           = Bad Godesberg oo ku dhex yaalla Bonn
| state              = North Rhine-Westphalia
| regbzk             = Cologne
| district           = [[Bonn|Degmada magaalo ee Bonn]]
| population         = 76156
| population_as_of   = 2020-12-31
| pop_ref            = &lt;ref name=pop&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bonn.de/statistik/dl/ews/Bevoelkerungsstatistik2020.pdf |title=Bevölkerung in der Bundesstadt Bonn Stichtag 31.12.2020|publisher=Bundesstadt Bonn Statistikstelle|access-date=28 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area               = 31.97
| elevation          = 46
| coordinates        = {{coord|50|41|N|07|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code        = 53173-53179
| area_code          = 0228
| licence            = BN
| mayor              = Christoph Jansen 
| Bürgermeistertitel = Duqa degmada
| party              = CDU
| website            = {{url|1=https://www.bonn.de/bonn-erleben/besichtigen-entdecken/bad-godesberg.php|2=Website}}
}}
'''Bad Godesberg''' ({{langx|ksh|Bad Jodesbersch}}) waa degmo ({{Lang|de|[[Stadtbezirk]]}}) ka tirsan [[Bonn]], koonfurta [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Jarmalka. Laga soo bilaabo 1949 ilaa 1999, xilligii Bonn ay ahayd caasimadda [[Federal Republic of Germany|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Jarmalka]], inta badan safaaradaha shisheeye waxay ku yaalleen Bad Godesberg. Qaar ka mid ah dhismayaasha ayaa weli loo isticmaalaa xafiisyo laan ama [[consul (representative)|qunsuliyado]].

== Juquraafi ==
[[File:Bad Godesberg.jpg|thumb|Muuqaal sare oo laga soo qaaday Mehlem, Bad Godesberg]]
Bad Godesberg waxay ku taallaa buuraha iyo dhagaxyada dhinaca galbeed ee webiga [[Rhine]], ee galbeedka dhexe ee Jarmalka. Godesberg sidoo kale waa magaca buur qotodheer, oo ka timid asalkii fulkaanaha, oo dushiisa ay ku yaallaan haraadiga [[Godesburg]], qalcaddii [[Siege of Godesberg (1583)|la burburiyay 1583]] intii lagu jiray [[Cologne War|Dagaalkii Cologne]].

== Taariikh ==
Dhacdooyinka soo socda ayaa dhacay, sanadkiiba:
* 722 - Diiwaankii ugu horreeyay ee rasmiga ah ee magaalada, oo loogu magac daray buur u dhow, Woudenesberg (ka dib Godesberg), oo ah [[basalt]] cone halkaas oo [[Ubii]], oo ah [[Germanic peoples|qabiil Jarmal ah]], ay ku caabudi jireen ilaaha [[Wōden|Wotan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Stiehl|first=Eckart|title=Die Stadt Bonn und ihr Umland: ein geographischer Exkursionsführer|publisher=Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag|year=1997|isbn=978-3-427-71661-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1210 - 15 Oktoobar, [[Archbishop of Cologne|Archbishop-ka Cologne]] [[Dietrich I von Hengebach|Dietrich I]] wuxuu dhigay dhagaxa aasaaska ee qalcadda [[Godesburg]] ee buurta Godesberg.
* 1583 - 17 Diseembar, [[Siege of Godesberg|Godesburg waa la burburiyay]] ciidamadii [[Bavaria]] ka dib markii Archbishop [[Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg]] uu u beddelay [[Protestantism|Protestantism]] (eeg [[Cologne War|Dagaalkii Cologne]]).
* 1792 - Godesberg waxay noqotaa goob dalxiis oo spa ah, iyadoo la furayo [[Redoute, Bad Godesberg|Redoute]], oo markii dambe arkay soo dhaweyntii [[President of Germany|Madaxweynaha Jarmalka]].
* 1822 - Godesberg waxay qayb ka noqotaa [[Rhine Province|Gobolka Rhine]] ee Prussia.
* 1925 - Godesberg waxaa loo oggolaaday inay isugu yeerto &quot;Bad&quot; Godesberg, iyada oo u aqoonsanaysa inay tahay [[spa]].
* 1935 - Bad Godesberg waxay gaartay heerka magaalo.
* 1938 - [[Neville Chamberlain]] wuxuu kula kulmay [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] xiisadda [[Sudetenland]] ee [[Rheinhotel Dreesen]] ee Bad Godesberg. Codsiyadii Hitler ee ku saabsan [[Czechoslovakia]] ayaa lagu sheegay [[Godesberg Memorandum|Memorandum-ka Godesberg]].
* 1944–1945 - Bad Godesberg waxay ahayd goobta xerada [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|shaqo qasab ah]] oo ay maamulayeen Nazi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&amp;tab=7&amp;id=96|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn-Bad Godesberg|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=21 August 2022|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1945 - 8 Maarso, Bad Godesberg waxay ahayd degmadii ugu horreysay ee magaalo weyn oo Jarmal ah oo loo wareejiyo gacanta ciidamada [[Allies of World War II|Xulufada]] iyada oo aan dagaal dhicin.
* 1946 - Markii la baabi'iyay Prussia, magaaladu waxay qayb ka noqotay ''Land''-kii cusub ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].
* 1959 - [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Bulshada ee Jarmalka]] (SPD) waxay go'aansadeen barnaamij xisbi cusub, [[Godesberg Program|Barnaamijka Godesberg]].
* 1969 - Godesberg waxaa lagu daray magaalada Bonn. Tan iyo wakhtigaas, waxaa loogu yeeraa &quot;qaybta qaaliga ah ee Bonn&quot;.

== Kaabayaasha ==
[[Bonn-Bad Godesberg station|Saldhigga Bonn-Bad Godesberg]] wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Left Rhine line|khadka bidix ee Rhine]] iyo khadka 16 iyo 63 ee [[Bonn Stadtbahn]].

Qiyaastii 2018 saldhig booliis cusub ayaa laga dhisayay hantidii hore ee [[Haribo]].&lt;ref name=isleaving&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ga.de/ga-english/news/haribo-is-leaving-kessenich-almost_aid-43765009|title=Haribo is leaving Kessenich – almost|newspaper=[[General-Anzeiger]]|date=2018-05-15|access-date=2024-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Liiska magaalooyinka mataanaha ah/magaalooyinka walaalaha ah ===

[[File:Bad Godesberg church.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Saint Severin]]
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Bad Godesberg waxay [[Sister city|mataan]] la tahay:&lt;ref name=twins&gt;{{cite web |title=Städtepartnerschaften. Städtefreundschaften.|url=https://www.bonn.de/bonn-erleben/besichtigen-entdecken/staedtepartnerschaften-bad-godesberg.php|website=bonn.de|publisher=Bonn|language=de|access-date=2021-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Cloud]], France (1957)
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Frascati]], Italy (1960)
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead|Windsor and Maidenhead]], England, United Kingdom (1960)
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Kortrijk]], Belgium (1964)

=== Magaalooyinka saaxiibka ah ===
Bad Godesberg waxay xiriir saaxiibtinimo la leedahay:&lt;ref name=twins/&gt;
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Steglitz-Zehlendorf|Steglitz-Zehlendorf (Berlin)]], Jarmalka (1962)
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Yalova]], Turkey (1969)

== Dhaqanka iyo soo jiidashada ==

=== Goobaha dadweynaha ===

*[[Schauspielhaus Bad Godesberg]] (Tiyaatarka Bad Godesberg), tiyaatarka ugu weyn ee masraxyada magaalada Bonn
*Kleines Theater im Park (Tiyaatarka Beerta Yar), goobta tiyaatarka, [[Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)|tiyaatarka boulevard]], iyo [[Musical theatre|muusikada]] oo leh jilayaal yar
*Haus an der Redoute (Guriga Redoute), oo hore u ahaan jiray tiyaatar doorasho, maanta waa xarun loogu talagalay bandhigyada farshaxanka ee isbeddelaya
*Piccolo Puppenspiele (Bandhigga Puppet ee Piccolo), tiyaatar caruusad ah oo sidoo kale safra
*Hoolka [[Beethoven]] oo yar oo ah xarunta dhexe ee Heimatbühne Muffendorf (Masraxa guriga ee Muffendorf)

=== Bad Godesberg oo ku jira suugaanta ===

Taxane dhan oo shaqooyin suugaaneed ah ayaa ka dhaca Bad Godesberg. Jilayaasha buugga [[Juli Zeh]] ee &quot;[[Spieltrieb]]&quot; (Gaming instinct) waa ardayda dugsiga Päda. Goobaha ka dhaca buugga waa dugsiga iyo degmada villa.
Buugga [[Heinrich Böll]] ee &quot;Frauen vor Flußlandschaft&quot; ayaa lagu dejiyay degmada villa ee u dhexeeya Bonn iyo Bad Godesberg.
30 Oktoobar qaybta dokumentiga &quot;[[Zwei Welten]]&quot; (&quot;Laba adduun&quot;) ee [[Ingrid Müller-Münch]] ayaa lahaa premiere-keedii sidii ciyaar qol. Qoraagu wuxuu sharxayaa inay muujinayso Bad Godesberg isbeddelka waqtiga. Waa magaalo halkaas oo adduunyada &quot;dadka Jarmalka ah ee qaniga ah&quot; iyo muhaajiriinta ay isku dhacaan. Sagaal jilaa ayaa qabta qaybo ka mid ah borotokoolka inta badan dhalinyarada deggan Bad Godesberg, oo Müller Münch ay diiwaangelisay. Warbixintii hore ee qaybta, [[Frankfurter Rundschau]] waxay ugu yeertay &quot;Bad-Godesberg-Phänomen&quot; (Bad Godesberg phenomenon). Sida laga soo xigtay Müller-Münch, labadan adduun waxay ku dhowaayeen Bad Godesberg marka loo eego meel kasta oo kale.

=== Dhacdooyinka soo noqnoqda ===

*[[Rhein in Flammen]] Sabtida ugu horreysa ee Maajo: Rasaas waaweyn iyo safar markab oo ka imanaya [[Linz am Rhein]] oo ay weheliyaan [[Erpel]], [[Unkel]], [[Remagen]], [[Rheinbreitbach]], jasiiradda Rhine [[Nonnenwerth]] ee Rolandswerth/[[Bad Honnef]], Bad Godesberg, [[Königswinter]] ilaa Rheinaue ee [[Bonn]]
*FeenCon
Sanad kasta, waxaa had iyo jeer jira dhacdooyin badan oo kala duwan iyo xaflado ay soo qabanqaabiyaan Stadtmarketing Bad Godesberg e.V. (waaxda suuq-geynta magaalada ee Bad Godesberg). Qaar ka mid ah waa suuqyada boodada iyo kuwa qadiimiga ah, suuqa Faransiiska, rally-ga carruurta (&quot;Tag der Kleinen Bad Godesberger&quot;/&quot;Maalinta carruurta yar yar ee Bad Godesberg&quot;), xaflad magaalo, Suuqa Kirismaska, iyo xaflad cunto waddo. 
Maalintii 23-aad ee Waaxda Dab-demiska ee Jarmalka waxay ka dhacday Bad Godesberg laga bilaabo Juun 21 ilaa Juun 25, 1961. Ciyaarihii ugu horreeyay ee CTIF waxay ka dhaceen Bad Godesberg, tan iyo markaas Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Adeegyada Dabka iyo Samatabbixinta CTIF waxay qabanqaabiyaan dhacdada afar sanadii mar magaalooyin kala duwan.

=== Caadooyinka Rhenish ===

Dhowr naadi oo [[Carnival]] ah ayaa u go'ay ilaalinta caadooyinka Rhenish, gaar ahaan Godesberger Stadtsoldatenkorps (ciidammada askarta magaalada), Fidelen Burggrafen (burgraves-ka farxadda leh) iyo AKP (Allgemeine Karnevals Gesellschaft, Ururka Carnival-ka Guud). Guddiga Isuduwidda ee Urur kasta oo Carnival ah waa FAGK (Festausschuss Godesberger Karneval, Guddiga Xafladda ee Godesberger Carnival). Xilliga carnival-ka, naadiyadu waxay sidoo kale abaabulaan kulanno kala duwan, iyo Axadda carnival-ka oo ah xaflad aad u weyn. Dhammaan naadiyadu waxay ku lug leeyihiin [[youth work|shaqada dhalinyarada]].

== Waxbarashada ==

=== Dugsiyada sare ===
*[[Nicolaus-Cusanus-Gymnasium Bonn|Nicolaus-Cusanus-Gymnasium]] (NCG)
*[[Aloisiuskolleg]] (AKO), dugsi lammaane ah ee CFG
*[[Amos-Comenius-Gymnasium Bonn]] (AMOS/ACG) ([[:de:Amos-Comenius-Gymnasium Bonn|DE]])
*[[Clara-Fey-Gymnasium]] (CFG), dugsi lammaane ah ee AKO
*[[Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium (Bad Godesberg)|Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium]] (KAG) ([[:de:Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium (Bad Godesberg)|DE]])
*[[Pädagogium Godesberg - Otto-Kühne-Schule]] (PÄDA)

=== Dugsiyada caalamiga ah ===
* [[Bonn International School]] (BIS)
* [[Independent Bonn International School]] (IBIS)
* [[King Fahd Academy (Germany)|King Fahd Academy]] (la xiray)&lt;ref name=DWAuthoritiesclose&gt;&quot;[http://www.dw.com/en/authorities-to-close-muslim-school-in-bonn/a-994052 Authorities To Close Muslim School in Bonn].&quot; ''[[Deutsche Welle]]''. 11 November 2003. Laga soo qaatay 24 Luulyo 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dadka caanka ah ee deggan ==
*[[Paul Kemp (actor)|Paul Kemp]] (1896–1953), jilaa masraxa iyo filimka
*[[Klaus Barbie]] (1913–1991), SS iyo Gestapo functionary intii lagu jiray WW II, dambiilaha dagaalka oo loo yaqaan &quot;qasabka Lyon&quot;.
*[[Michaela Endler]] (dhashay 1945), ciyaaryahan hore oo cross-country skier ah
*[[Harald Weinberg]] (dhashay 1957), siyaasi (The Linke)
*[[Johannes B. Kerner]] (dhashay 1964), soo-jeediye telefishan iyo saxafi.
*[[Margret Dieck]] (1941 – 1996) waxaa lagu dhashay halkan waxayna noqotay gerontologist caan ah

== Trivia ==
* Buugga [[John le Carré]] ee ''[[The Little Drummer Girl (novel)|The Little Drummer Girl]]'' wuxuu ku bilaabmaa bam lagu qarxiyay guriga [[Israel|Isaraa'iil]] ee ku taal Bad Godesberg.

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* {{Official website|http://www.godesberg.de/}} {{in lang|de}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203064734/http://www.bonn.de/rat_verwaltung_buergerdienste/stadtbezirke/bad_godesberg/index.html?lang=en Qaybta Bad Godesberg ee degmada Bonn website] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://visitbadgodesberg.com/ Booqo Bad Godesberg] {{in lang|en}}
{{Commons}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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      <text bytes="12133" sha1="gbzn8lj1tzczsb640xbf6dzumrhdcra" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location &lt;!--was &quot;Infobox Town DE&quot;--&gt;
| name               = Bad Godesberg
| name_local         = 
| type               = Borough
| Town               = Bonn
| image_photo        = Godesburg 2 db.jpg
| image_caption      = Haraabka [[Godesburg]]
| image_flag         = Flagge Bad Godesberg.svg
| image_coa          = DEU Bad Godesberg COA.svg
| image_plan         = Bonn Stadtbezirk Bad Godesberg.svg
| plantext           = Bad Godesberg oo ku dhex yaalla Bonn
| state              = 
| regbzk             = Cologne
| district           = [[Bonn|Degmada magaalo ee Bonn]]
| population         = 76156
| population_as_of   = 2020-12-31
| pop_ref            = &lt;ref name=pop&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bonn.de/statistik/dl/ews/Bevoelkerungsstatistik2020.pdf |title=Bevölkerung in der Bundesstadt Bonn Stichtag 31.12.2020|publisher=Bundesstadt Bonn Statistikstelle|access-date=28 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area               = 31.97
| elevation          = 46
| coordinates        = {{coord|50|41|N|07|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code        = 53173-53179
| area_code          = 0228
| licence            = BN
| mayor              = Christoph Jansen 
| Bürgermeistertitel = Duqa degmada
| party              = CDU
| website            = {{url|1=https://www.bonn.de/bonn-erleben/besichtigen-entdecken/bad-godesberg.php|2=Website}}
}}
'''Bad Godesberg''' ({{langx|ksh|Bad Jodesbersch}}) waa degmo ({{Lang|de|[[Stadtbezirk]]}}) ka tirsan [[Bonn]], koonfurta [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Jarmalka. Laga soo bilaabo 1949 ilaa 1999, xilligii Bonn ay ahayd caasimadda [[Federal Republic of Germany|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Jarmalka]], inta badan safaaradaha shisheeye waxay ku yaalleen Bad Godesberg. Qaar ka mid ah dhismayaasha ayaa weli loo isticmaalaa xafiisyo laan ama [[consul (representative)|qunsuliyado]].

== Juquraafi ==
[[File:Bad Godesberg.jpg|thumb|Muuqaal sare oo laga soo qaaday Mehlem, Bad Godesberg]]
Bad Godesberg waxay ku taallaa buuraha iyo dhagaxyada dhinaca galbeed ee webiga [[Rhine]], ee galbeedka dhexe ee Jarmalka. Godesberg sidoo kale waa magaca buur qotodheer, oo ka timid asalkii fulkaanaha, oo dushiisa ay ku yaallaan haraadiga [[Godesburg]], qalcaddii [[Siege of Godesberg (1583)|la burburiyay 1583]] intii lagu jiray [[Cologne War|Dagaalkii Cologne]].

== Taariikh ==
Dhacdooyinka soo socda ayaa dhacay, sanadkiiba:
* 722 - Diiwaankii ugu horreeyay ee rasmiga ah ee magaalada, oo loogu magac daray buur u dhow, Woudenesberg (ka dib Godesberg), oo ah [[basalt]] cone halkaas oo [[Ubii]], oo ah [[Germanic peoples|qabiil Jarmal ah]], ay ku caabudi jireen ilaaha [[Wōden|Wotan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Stiehl|first=Eckart|title=Die Stadt Bonn und ihr Umland: ein geographischer Exkursionsführer|publisher=Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag|year=1997|isbn=978-3-427-71661-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1210 - 15 Oktoobar, [[Archbishop of Cologne|Archbishop-ka Cologne]] [[Dietrich I von Hengebach|Dietrich I]] wuxuu dhigay dhagaxa aasaaska ee qalcadda [[Godesburg]] ee buurta Godesberg.
* 1583 - 17 Diseembar, [[Siege of Godesberg|Godesburg waa la burburiyay]] ciidamadii [[Bavaria]] ka dib markii Archbishop [[Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg]] uu u beddelay [[Protestantism|Protestantism]] (eeg [[Cologne War|Dagaalkii Cologne]]).
* 1792 - Godesberg waxay noqotaa goob dalxiis oo spa ah, iyadoo la furayo [[Redoute, Bad Godesberg|Redoute]], oo markii dambe arkay soo dhaweyntii [[President of Germany|Madaxweynaha Jarmalka]].
* 1822 - Godesberg waxay qayb ka noqotaa [[Rhine Province|Gobolka Rhine]] ee Prussia.
* 1925 - Godesberg waxaa loo oggolaaday inay isugu yeerto &quot;Bad&quot; Godesberg, iyada oo u aqoonsanaysa inay tahay [[spa]].
* 1935 - Bad Godesberg waxay gaartay heerka magaalo.
* 1938 - [[Neville Chamberlain]] wuxuu kula kulmay [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] xiisadda [[Sudetenland]] ee [[Rheinhotel Dreesen]] ee Bad Godesberg. Codsiyadii Hitler ee ku saabsan [[Czechoslovakia]] ayaa lagu sheegay [[Godesberg Memorandum|Memorandum-ka Godesberg]].
* 1944–1945 - Bad Godesberg waxay ahayd goobta xerada [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|shaqo qasab ah]] oo ay maamulayeen Nazi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&amp;tab=7&amp;id=96|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Bonn-Bad Godesberg|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=21 August 2022|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1945 - 8 Maarso, Bad Godesberg waxay ahayd degmadii ugu horreysay ee magaalo weyn oo Jarmal ah oo loo wareejiyo gacanta ciidamada [[Allies of World War II|Xulufada]] iyada oo aan dagaal dhicin.
* 1946 - Markii la baabi'iyay Prussia, magaaladu waxay qayb ka noqotay ''Land''-kii cusub ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].
* 1959 - [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Bulshada ee Jarmalka]] (SPD) waxay go'aansadeen barnaamij xisbi cusub, [[Godesberg Program|Barnaamijka Godesberg]].
* 1969 - Godesberg waxaa lagu daray magaalada Bonn. Tan iyo wakhtigaas, waxaa loogu yeeraa &quot;qaybta qaaliga ah ee Bonn&quot;.

== Kaabayaasha ==
[[Bonn-Bad Godesberg station|Saldhigga Bonn-Bad Godesberg]] wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Left Rhine line|khadka bidix ee Rhine]] iyo khadka 16 iyo 63 ee [[Bonn Stadtbahn]].

Qiyaastii 2018 saldhig booliis cusub ayaa laga dhisayay hantidii hore ee [[Haribo]].&lt;ref name=isleaving&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ga.de/ga-english/news/haribo-is-leaving-kessenich-almost_aid-43765009|title=Haribo is leaving Kessenich – almost|newspaper=[[General-Anzeiger]]|date=2018-05-15|access-date=2024-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyaasadda ==

=== Liiska magaalooyinka mataanaha ah/magaalooyinka walaalaha ah ===

[[File:Bad Godesberg church.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Saint Severin]]
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Bad Godesberg waxay [[Sister city|mataan]] la tahay:&lt;ref name=twins&gt;{{cite web |title=Städtepartnerschaften. Städtefreundschaften.|url=https://www.bonn.de/bonn-erleben/besichtigen-entdecken/staedtepartnerschaften-bad-godesberg.php|website=bonn.de|publisher=Bonn|language=de|access-date=2021-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Cloud]], France (1957)
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Frascati]], Italy (1960)
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead|Windsor and Maidenhead]], England, United Kingdom (1960)
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Kortrijk]], Belgium (1964)

=== Magaalooyinka saaxiibka ah ===
Bad Godesberg waxay xiriir saaxiibtinimo la leedahay:&lt;ref name=twins/&gt;
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Steglitz-Zehlendorf|Steglitz-Zehlendorf (Berlin)]], Jarmalka (1962)
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Yalova]], Turkey (1969)

== Dhaqanka iyo soo jiidashada ==

=== Goobaha dadweynaha ===

*[[Schauspielhaus Bad Godesberg]] (Tiyaatarka Bad Godesberg), tiyaatarka ugu weyn ee masraxyada magaalada Bonn
*Kleines Theater im Park (Tiyaatarka Beerta Yar), goobta tiyaatarka, [[Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)|tiyaatarka boulevard]], iyo [[Musical theatre|muusikada]] oo leh jilayaal yar
*Haus an der Redoute (Guriga Redoute), oo hore u ahaan jiray tiyaatar doorasho, maanta waa xarun loogu talagalay bandhigyada farshaxanka ee isbeddelaya
*Piccolo Puppenspiele (Bandhigga Puppet ee Piccolo), tiyaatar caruusad ah oo sidoo kale safra
*Hoolka [[Beethoven]] oo yar oo ah xarunta dhexe ee Heimatbühne Muffendorf (Masraxa guriga ee Muffendorf)

=== Bad Godesberg oo ku jira suugaanta ===

Taxane dhan oo shaqooyin suugaaneed ah ayaa ka dhaca Bad Godesberg. Jilayaasha buugga [[Juli Zeh]] ee &quot;[[Spieltrieb]]&quot; (Gaming instinct) waa ardayda dugsiga Päda. Goobaha ka dhaca buugga waa dugsiga iyo degmada villa.
Buugga [[Heinrich Böll]] ee &quot;Frauen vor Flußlandschaft&quot; ayaa lagu dejiyay degmada villa ee u dhexeeya Bonn iyo Bad Godesberg.
30 Oktoobar qaybta dokumentiga &quot;[[Zwei Welten]]&quot; (&quot;Laba adduun&quot;) ee [[Ingrid Müller-Münch]] ayaa lahaa premiere-keedii sidii ciyaar qol. Qoraagu wuxuu sharxayaa inay muujinayso Bad Godesberg isbeddelka waqtiga. Waa magaalo halkaas oo adduunyada &quot;dadka Jarmalka ah ee qaniga ah&quot; iyo muhaajiriinta ay isku dhacaan. Sagaal jilaa ayaa qabta qaybo ka mid ah borotokoolka inta badan dhalinyarada deggan Bad Godesberg, oo Müller Münch ay diiwaangelisay. Warbixintii hore ee qaybta, [[Frankfurter Rundschau]] waxay ugu yeertay &quot;Bad-Godesberg-Phänomen&quot; (Bad Godesberg phenomenon). Sida laga soo xigtay Müller-Münch, labadan adduun waxay ku dhowaayeen Bad Godesberg marka loo eego meel kasta oo kale.

=== Dhacdooyinka soo noqnoqda ===

*[[Rhein in Flammen]] Sabtida ugu horreysa ee Maajo: Rasaas waaweyn iyo safar markab oo ka imanaya [[Linz am Rhein]] oo ay weheliyaan [[Erpel]], [[Unkel]], [[Remagen]], [[Rheinbreitbach]], jasiiradda Rhine [[Nonnenwerth]] ee Rolandswerth/[[Bad Honnef]], Bad Godesberg, [[Königswinter]] ilaa Rheinaue ee [[Bonn]]
*FeenCon
Sanad kasta, waxaa had iyo jeer jira dhacdooyin badan oo kala duwan iyo xaflado ay soo qabanqaabiyaan Stadtmarketing Bad Godesberg e.V. (waaxda suuq-geynta magaalada ee Bad Godesberg). Qaar ka mid ah waa suuqyada boodada iyo kuwa qadiimiga ah, suuqa Faransiiska, rally-ga carruurta (&quot;Tag der Kleinen Bad Godesberger&quot;/&quot;Maalinta carruurta yar yar ee Bad Godesberg&quot;), xaflad magaalo, Suuqa Kirismaska, iyo xaflad cunto waddo. 
Maalintii 23-aad ee Waaxda Dab-demiska ee Jarmalka waxay ka dhacday Bad Godesberg laga bilaabo Juun 21 ilaa Juun 25, 1961. Ciyaarihii ugu horreeyay ee CTIF waxay ka dhaceen Bad Godesberg, tan iyo markaas Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Adeegyada Dabka iyo Samatabbixinta CTIF waxay qabanqaabiyaan dhacdada afar sanadii mar magaalooyin kala duwan.

=== Caadooyinka Rhenish ===

Dhowr naadi oo [[Carnival]] ah ayaa u go'ay ilaalinta caadooyinka Rhenish, gaar ahaan Godesberger Stadtsoldatenkorps (ciidammada askarta magaalada), Fidelen Burggrafen (burgraves-ka farxadda leh) iyo AKP (Allgemeine Karnevals Gesellschaft, Ururka Carnival-ka Guud). Guddiga Isuduwidda ee Urur kasta oo Carnival ah waa FAGK (Festausschuss Godesberger Karneval, Guddiga Xafladda ee Godesberger Carnival). Xilliga carnival-ka, naadiyadu waxay sidoo kale abaabulaan kulanno kala duwan, iyo Axadda carnival-ka oo ah xaflad aad u weyn. Dhammaan naadiyadu waxay ku lug leeyihiin [[youth work|shaqada dhalinyarada]].

== Waxbarashada ==

=== Dugsiyada sare ===
*[[Nicolaus-Cusanus-Gymnasium Bonn|Nicolaus-Cusanus-Gymnasium]] (NCG)
*[[Aloisiuskolleg]] (AKO), dugsi lammaane ah ee CFG
*[[Amos-Comenius-Gymnasium Bonn]] (AMOS/ACG) ([[:de:Amos-Comenius-Gymnasium Bonn|DE]])
*[[Clara-Fey-Gymnasium]] (CFG), dugsi lammaane ah ee AKO
*[[Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium (Bad Godesberg)|Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium]] (KAG) ([[:de:Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium (Bad Godesberg)|DE]])
*[[Pädagogium Godesberg - Otto-Kühne-Schule]] (PÄDA)

=== Dugsiyada caalamiga ah ===
* [[Bonn International School]] (BIS)
* [[Independent Bonn International School]] (IBIS)
* [[King Fahd Academy (Germany)|King Fahd Academy]] (la xiray)&lt;ref name=DWAuthoritiesclose&gt;&quot;[http://www.dw.com/en/authorities-to-close-muslim-school-in-bonn/a-994052 Authorities To Close Muslim School in Bonn].&quot; ''[[Deutsche Welle]]''. 11 November 2003. Laga soo qaatay 24 Luulyo 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dadka caanka ah ee deggan ==
*[[Paul Kemp (actor)|Paul Kemp]] (1896–1953), jilaa masraxa iyo filimka
*[[Klaus Barbie]] (1913–1991), SS iyo Gestapo functionary intii lagu jiray WW II, dambiilaha dagaalka oo loo yaqaan &quot;qasabka Lyon&quot;.
*[[Michaela Endler]] (dhashay 1945), ciyaaryahan hore oo cross-country skier ah
*[[Harald Weinberg]] (dhashay 1957), siyaasi (The Linke)
*[[Johannes B. Kerner]] (dhashay 1964), soo-jeediye telefishan iyo saxafi.
*[[Margret Dieck]] (1941 – 1996) waxaa lagu dhashay halkan waxayna noqotay gerontologist caan ah

== Trivia ==
* Buugga [[John le Carré]] ee ''[[The Little Drummer Girl (novel)|The Little Drummer Girl]]'' wuxuu ku bilaabmaa bam lagu qarxiyay guriga [[Israel|Isaraa'iil]] ee ku taal Bad Godesberg.

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* {{Official website|http://www.godesberg.de/}} {{in lang|de}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203064734/http://www.bonn.de/rat_verwaltung_buergerdienste/stadtbezirke/bad_godesberg/index.html?lang=en Qaybta Bad Godesberg ee degmada Bonn website] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://visitbadgodesberg.com/ Booqo Bad Godesberg] {{in lang|en}}
{{Commons}}

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    <title>Bad Griesbach</title>
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      <text bytes="3404" sha1="hs5w1rjkoq6zh7xmsd56g9luy8b2e8t" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|name              = Bad Griesbach im Rottal
|type              = Stadt
|image_coa         = DEU Bad Griesbach COA.svg
|image_photo = Bad Griesbach Stadtplatz 1.jpg
|image_caption     = Fagaaraha magaalada
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|27|N|13|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Bad Griesbach im Rottal in PA.svg
|state             = 
|region            = Niederbayern
|district          = Passau
|elevation         = 453
|area              = 70.13
|postal_code       = 94086
|area_code         = 08532
|licence           = PA
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 75 124
|divisions         = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [http://www.badgriesbach.de www.badgriesbach.de]
|mayor             = Jürgen Fundke&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             =
}}

'''Bad Griesbach im Rottal''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈɡʁiːsbax ʔɪm ˈʁɔtaːl|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Amre-Marie (MichaelSchoenitzer)-Bad Griesbach im Rottal.wav}}, {{lit|Bad Griesbach ee [[Rott (Inn, Neuhaus am Inn)|Dooxada Rott]]}}; {{langx|bar|label=[[Central Bavarian]]|Bod Griasboch (im Rottoi)}}), ama kaliya '''Bad Griesbach''', waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Passau (district)|Passau]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]].

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Bad Griesbach Stadtplatz 2.jpg|thumb|left|Fagaaraha magaalada]]

&quot;Burg Griesbach&quot; waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti qiyaastii 1076. Meeshu waxay qayb ka ahayd Landshut. Waxaa weeraray oo burburiyay ciidan ka socday [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] 1504, kaliya in dib loo dhiso wax yar ka dib. 1778/79 Griesbach waxaa qabsaday ciidamada Austria. Sida qayb ka mid ah Dukedom [[Bavaria]], {{lang|de|Griesbach im Rottal}} (magaca rasmiga ah) wuxuu noqday mid madax-bannaan. 1953 waxaa si rasmi ah loogu rogay magaalo (Kleinstadt). 
Dib-u-habayntii Bavarian ee 1972 waxay midoobeen degmooyinka Karpfham, Parzham, Reutern, St. Salvator iyo Weng. Soo helitaanka ilo kulul 1972/73 waxay horseeday hanuunin cusub oo ah magaalo spa ah.{{clear|left}}

== Duqa magaalooyinka ==
Duqa magaalada waa Jürgen Fundke, waxaa la doortay 2008 iyadoo 58% codadk ah waxaana dib loo doortay 2014 iyo 2020. Waa beddelka Robert Erdl ([[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]). Kuwii ka horreeyay waxay ahaayeen Konrad Ebner (CSU) iyo Edmund Mitzam.

== Dadka caanka ah ==

* Quduuska ah [[Conrad of Parzham]] (oo dhashay Johann Birndorfer) wuxuu ku dhashay Diseembar 22, 1818, tuulada Parzham, (ku dhintay 1894), tan iyo 1977 Konrad waa [[patron saint|aabbaha ilaaliyaha]] ee Bad Griesbach
* [[Josef Altstötter]] (1892-1979), qareen, [[secretary of state|xoghayaha gobolka]] ee [[ministry of justice|wasaaradda cadaaladda]] iyo dambiilaha dagaalka, waxaa lagu dhashay Griesbach
* [[Franz Beckenbauer]] (1945–2024), ciyaaryahanka kubbadda cagta iyo maamule, waa, oo ay weheliyaan hormuudka musqusha Alois Hartl, tan iyo 2003 muwaadin sharaf leh oo Bad Griesbach ah.

== Xiriirrada caalamiga ah ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}

Bad Griesbach (Rottal) waxay [[town twinning|mataan]] la tahay:
* [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|20px]] [[Friesach]], [[Austria]]

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Bad Grönenbach</title>
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      <text bytes="4281" sha1="ldstkfjb40dwwgburohxw167yzrm6ir" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_flag           = Flag of Bad Grönenbach.svg
|image_coa            = Wappen Bad Groenenbach.svg
|image_photo  = Bad Grönenbach Marktplatz 01.JPG
|image_caption = Suuqa magaalada ee Bad Grönenbach
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|52|N|10|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Grönenbach in MN.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Schwaben
|district         = Unterallgäu
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Grönenbach
|elevation              = 718
|area            = 42.03
|postal_code               = 87730
|area_code           = 08334
|licence               = MN
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 78 144
|website           = [https://www.bad-groenenbach.de/ www.bad-groenenbach.de]
|mayor             = Bernhard Kerler&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
}}
[[Image:Groenenbach Stiftskirche St. Philippus und Jakobus.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda parish ee St. Philippus und Jakobus, Bad Grönenbach.]]

'''Bad Grönenbach''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|magaalo suuq ah]] oo ku taal degmada [[Unterallgäu]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay gobolka [[Upper Swabia]] waxayna xarun u tahay [[Gemeindeverband|ururka degmada]] ee isku magaca ah.

== Gaadiidka ==
Bad Grönenbach waxay ku taal waddada degmada MN 15, taas oo u orda waqooyiga Memmingen oo sii marta Woringen iyo Zell ilaa Bad Grönenbach ilaa Wolfertschwenden dhanka bari. Xarunta Bad Grönenbach waxaa ka bilaabma waddada degmada MN 24, taas oo ka hoggaamisa Bad Grönenbach ilaa xadka degmada Oberallgäu ee koonfurta. Dhanka galbeed, waddada degmada MN 21 waxay ka soo bilaabataa Legau iyadoo sii marta tuulada Au iyo Rothenstein ilaa Bad Grönenbach waxayna halkaas ugu sii qulqushaa waddada degmada 24.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://geoportal.bayern.de/bayernatlas/?X=5305781.13&amp;Y=4367067.78&amp;zoom=10&amp;lang=de&amp;topic=ba&amp;bgLayer=atkis&amp;catalogNodes=122 |title=Amtliche Karte des BayernAtlas |date=2015-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhanka bari ee Bad Grönenbach waxay u ordaa [[Bundesautobahn 7|waddada weyn ee Bundesautobahn 7]]. Isgoyska waddada weyn ee ugu dhow waa qiyaastii laba kiiloomitir wuxuuna ku yaallaa cidhifka beerta warshadaha Thal oo ka tirsan Bad Grönenbach.

Saldhigga tareenka ee Bad Grönenbach wuxuu ku yaallaa meel ka baxsan tuulada oo ku taal degmada Thal, qiyaastii 2.5 km u jirta xarunta tuulada ee Illertalbahn. Asal ahaan, khadka tareenka waa inuu toos u aadaa Bad Grönenbach, laakiin waxaa dib loo qaabeeyay 1862 ilaa waddadii jirtay.

Bad Grönenbach waa barta laga bilaabo waddada baaskiilka ee Iller Cycle Route ee u dhaxaysa Ulm iyo Oberstdorf iyo waddada Kneipp Cycle Path, taas oo la aasaasay 1997 munaasabadda 100-guuradii ka soo wareegtay dhimashadii Sebastian Kneipp waxayna isku xirtaa magaalooyinka spa ee Kneipp ee Bad Grönenbach, Ottobeuren iyo Bad Wörishofen oo leh dherer qiyaastii 50 kiiloomitir ah. Waddada baaskiilka ee ugu dheer ee lagu calaamadiyay Bad Grönenbach waa Swabian Bäderradweg oo leh wax ka yar 250 kiiloomitir oo ka imanaya Überlingen oo ku taal harada Constance ilaa magaalada spa ee Kneipp ee Bad Wörishofen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.schwaebische-baederstrasse.de/baederradweg.html |title=Schwäbische Bäderstraße |date=2015-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waddada baaskiilka ee ku dhowaad joogtada ah ayaa ka jirta Bad Grönenbach ilaa degmooyinka Verwaltungsungsgemeinschaft Woringen iyo Wolfertschwenden.

== Dhaqanka iyo Soo jiidashada ==
* [[Castle|Qalcadda]] ''Hohes Schloss'', oo la dhisay qarnigii 12-aad
* Qalcadda ''Unteres Schloss'', 1563
* Qalcadda ''Burg Rothenstein'', oo la dhisay qarnigii 11-aad
* [[Roman catholic|Kaniisadda]] [[Church (building)|kaatooligga]] ''St. Philippus und Jakobus'', 1136. Oktoobar 15, 1445 waxaa la dhisay dhisme cusub oo [[Gothic art|fanka Gothic]] ah
* Kaniisadda isbitaalka ''Heiliger Geist'', 1479
* [[Collegiate church|Kaniisadda kulliyadda]] ''St. Philipp und Jakob''
* Xafiiska degmada ''Amtshaus Rothenstein'', oo la dhisay intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 16-aad iyo 17-aad

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Bad Grund</title>
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      <text bytes="2177" sha1="jnnhq9r160coiymbqnq3d0kzkdpurzv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_flag           = Flagge Bergstadt Bad Grund.svg
|image_coa            = DEU Bergstadt Bad Grund COA.svg
|image_photo = BadGrund1.jpg
|image_caption = Suuqa magaalada
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|48|41|N|10|14|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Grund in GÖ-2016.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Göttingen
|elevation              = 295
|area            = 41.31
|postal_code               = 37539
|area_code           = 05327
|licence               = GÖ, OHA
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03159002
|divisions         = &lt;!-- [[Ortsteil]]e --&gt;
|website           = {{url|https://www.gemeinde-bad-grund.de/}}
|mayor             = Harald Dietzmann&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2021&amp;ndash;26
|party             = SPD
}}
'''Bad Grund (Harz)''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈɡʁʊnt|-|De-Bad Grund.ogg}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Göttingen (district)|Göttingen]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa galbeedka [[Harz]], qiyaastii 7&amp;nbsp;km galbeed kaga beegan [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]], iyo 10&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi kaga beegan [[Osterode am Harz]].

Bad Grund sidoo kale waa magaca hore ee ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmada wadajirka ah&quot;) [[Bad Grund (Samtgemeinde)|Bad Grund]], taas oo Bad Grund ay qayb ka ahayd. Waxaa la kala diray Maarso 2013 waxaana lagu beddelay ''Einheitsgemeinde'' Bad Grund.

[[File:BadGrund2.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda St. Antony]]
[[File:BadGrund3.jpg|thumb|left|Suuqa magaalada]]

== Goobaha xiisaha leh ==
* Suuqa Taariikhiga ah
* Kaniisadda St. Antony waxaa la dhisay 1540. Kaniisadda waxaa ku hareeraysan guryo alwaax ah oo laga soo bilaabo qarniyadii 17-aad, 18-aad iyo 19-aad&lt;ref&gt;[[G. Ulrich Großmann]]: ''Hannover und Südniedersachsen'', p. 189. Köln 1999.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[WeltWald Harz]]
* [[Hübichenstein]]
* Macdanta Hilfe Gottes
* Iberger Tropfsteinhöhle

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Bad Grund}}


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    <title>Bad Heilbrunn</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Bad Heilbrunn COA.svg
|image_photo = Bad Heilbrunn Kirche.jpg
|image_caption = Kaniisadda Parish ee [[Saint Kilian]]
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|45|N|11|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Heilbrunn in TÖL.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberbayern
|district         = Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen
|elevation              = 682
|area            = 40.32
|postal_code               = 83670
|area_code           = 08046
|licence               = TÖL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 73 111
|divisions         = 34 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [http://www.bad-heilbrunn.de www.bad-heilbrunn.de]
|mayor             = Thomas Gründl&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
}}

'''Bad Heilbrunn''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka.

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}


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|type               = Stadt
|image_coa = DEU Bad Herrenalb COA.svg
|image_flag = DEU Bad Herrenalb Banner.svg
|image_photo=Bad Herrenalb.jpg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|48|2|N|8|26|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Herrenalb in CW.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Karlsruhe
|district         = Calw
|elevation              = 365
|area            = 33.01
|postal_code               = 76332
|area_code           = 07083
|licence               = CW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 35 033
|website           = [https://www.badherrenalb.de/ www.badherrenalb.de]
|mayor             = Klaus Hoffmann&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, waxaa la helay 11 Sebtember 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;27
}}

'''Bad Herrenalb''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈhɛʁənˌʔalp|-|De-Bad Herrenalb.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Calw (district)|Calw]], ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa waqooyiga [[Black Forest|Kaynta Madow]], 15&amp;nbsp;km bariga kaga beegan [[Baden-Baden]], iyo 22&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed kaga beegan [[Pforzheim]].

Magaaladu waxay ku xiran tahay magaalada [[Karlsruhe]] iyada oo la raacayo [[Albtalbahn]], oo ah tareen koronto oo qayb ka ah [[Karlsruhe Stadtbahn]]. Bad Herrenalb waa barta ugu dambaysa mid ka mid ah laamaha Albtalbahn, oo u shaqeeya sidii khadka S1.&lt;ref name=edsp93&gt;{{cite book | title = Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland | date = 2009 | publisher = Verlag Schweers + Wall GmbH | isbn=978-3-89494-139-0 | page = 93}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
Magaaladu waxay ku kortay hareeraha [[Herrenalb Abbey|Alba Dominorum]], oo ah kaniisad [[Cistercian]] ah oo la aasaasay 1148. Kaniisadda ayaa markii dambe la kala diray intii lagu jiray [[Protestant Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]]. Sannadkii 1841 Dr. J. Weiss wuxuu aasaasay goob caafimaad oo biyo qabow ah oo markii dambe loo beddelay machad daaweynta biyaha oo leh goob loogu talagalay xanuunnada neerfaha. Machadka waxaa sii horumariyay hoggaanka la taliye Dr. Mermagen.

Tan iyo 1954 Herrenalb waxaa si rasmi ah loogu yaqaanay &quot;goob caafimaad.&quot; Sannadkii 1971 600 mitir oo ceel qoto dheer ah ayaa laga qoday ilo biyo qani ku ah macdanta. Iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilahan, Herrenalb waxay si rasmi ah ugu dartay ereyga &quot;Bad&quot; (Jarmal ahaan macnaheedu waa qubays) magaceeda July 26, 1971.

Janaayo 1 iyo Febraayo 1, 1972 Rotensol iyo Neusatz ayaa siday u kala horreeyaan lagu daray Bad Herrenalb. Ugu dambayntiina, Janaayo 1, 1975 Bernbach sidoo kale waxaa lagu daray degmada.

== Duqa magaalooyinka ==

* 1962–1996: Robert Traub ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
* 1996–2004: Manfred Renz (dhashay 1952), ([[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|GRÜNE]])
* 2004–2020: Norbert Mai
* 2020–hadda: Klaus Hoffmann

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Bad Herrenalb}}
* [http://www.badische-seiten.de/bilder/bad-herrenalb/ Bad Herrenalb: sawirro]


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    <title>Bad Honnef</title>
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      <text bytes="10384" sha1="2wmg5z1xazf1y2f1a9dwrlj98q6poa8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type               = Stadt
|name               = Bad Honnef
|image_photo        = Bad Honnef Drachenfels2.JPG
|imagesize          = 250px
|image_caption      = Bad Honnef oo laga arkay [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]]
|image_coa             =DEU Bad Honnef COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|38|42|N|7|13|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Bad Honnef in SU.svg
|state         = 
|region   = Köln
|district              = Rhein-Sieg-Kreis
|elevation          = 53-455
|area             = 48.17
|postal_code                = 53604
|area_code            = 02224
|licence                = SU
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 3 82 008
|divisions         = 20 
|website           = [http://www.bad-honnef.de/ www.bad-honnef.de]
|mayor             = Philipp Herzog&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-sieg-bonn/bad-honnef/kommunalwahl-2025-philipp-herzog-in-bad-honnef-gewaehlt-1-1105247 Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2025], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, waxaa la helay 15 Noofambar 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2025&amp;ndash;30
}}

'''Bad Honnef''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈhɔnɛf|-|De-Bad Honnef.ogg}}) waa [[spa town|magaalo dalxiis iyo caafimaad]] oo ku taal Jarmalka meel u dhow [[Bonn]] oo ku taal degmada [[Rhein-Sieg]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]. Waxay ku taallaa xadka gobolka deriska ah ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Dhanka waqooyi waxay ku taallaa jiirarka buurta [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] (&quot;Dhagaxa Masduulaaga&quot;), oo ka mid ah [[Siebengebirge]].
[[File:Honnef-010.JPG|thumb|Honnef, muuqaal hawada sare ah]]

== Dulmar ==
Bad Honnef waa hoyga il biyo macdan ah oo la yiraahdo {{lang|de|Drachenquelle}} (&quot;Isha Masduulaaga&quot;) taas oo la helay 1897. Helitaankan ayaa horseeday in Honnef, oo ah magaca magaalada waagaas loo yaqaanay, ay u beddesho magaalo [[German wine|khamri]] beerasho una beddesho magaalo spa ah, iyadoo magaca u dartay hor-dhaca Bad. Isha macdanta waxaa loo isticmaali jiray cabbitaan iyo qubaysba,&lt;ref&gt;{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Honnef|volume=13|page=659}}&lt;/ref&gt; jiritaankeedana taariikh ahaan waxay ahayd mid soo jiidasho weyn u leh booqdayaasha oo ay ku jiraan Boqoradda Sophie ee Sweden, oo soo booqatay 1892 ilaa 1906.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Virtuelles Brückenhofmuseum - Königswinter - Oberdollendorf |url=https://virtuellesbrueckenhofmuseum.de/vmuseum/historie/zeige_objekt.php?auswahl=13939&amp;suche=&amp;reihe=-14853-13939-7284-18807-14026-13780-13857-14278-13787-14277-14008-14283-14240-13778-12095-15406-14429-16485-5136-14793-14271-14273-14281-14225-14005-13751-5134-13776-14006-13852-14662-14023-14322-13730-13718 |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=virtuellesbrueckenhofmuseum.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bad Honnef waxaa ku jira degmooyin dhowr ah, sida [[Aegidienberg]], Rhöndorf, iyo [[Lohfelderfähre]], oo ku taal meel u dhow maraakiibta webiga Rhine ee u gudba [[Rolandseck]]. Intii uu xilka hayay ra'iisul wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Jarmalka (markaas Galbeedka Jarmalka), [[Konrad Adenauer]] wuxuu ku noolaa (oo ku dhintay) Bad Honnef, maadaama ay u dhoweyd Bonn, oo markaas ahayd caasimadda jamhuuriyadda. Sidoo kale, siyaasiga Jarmalka iyo hoggaamiyaha [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Xorta ah]] [[Guido Westerwelle]] wuxuu ku dhashay Bad Honnef.

Tan iyo 1980-meeyadii Bad Honnef waxay u kortay goob muhiim u ah shirarka Jarmalka. Sababtoo ah u dhowaanshaha magaalada caalamiga ah ee muhiimka ah ee Bonn, tiro hay'ado federaal ah ayaa loo isticmaali jiray inay ku yaallaan Bad Honnef. Tiro siyaasiyiin muhiim ah, sida Willy Brandt iyo Konrad Adenauer, ayaa ku noolaa Bad Honnef intii ay firfircoonayeen siyaasadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Famous figures |url=https://meinbadhonnef.de/tourismus-freizeit/information-tips-for-activities-in-bad-honnef/famous-figures/ |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Bad Honnef |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xafiiska madaxa ee mashruuca Nationalpark Siebengebirge ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay inuu ku yaallo Bad Honnef;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.naturschutz-fachinformationssysteme-nrw.de/7-gebirge/content/de/start.html?jid=0o0 Informationssystem zum geplanten 'Bürgernationalpark Siebengebirge'&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; hase yeeshee mashruuca waxaa lagu diiday afti 27 Sebtember 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bad-honnef.de/service/rathaus/wahlen/index.php?status=story&amp;typ=4&amp;id=3600|title=MeinBadHonnef}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bad Honnef waxay leedahay awoodda wax iibsiga ee ugu sarreysa dhammaan magaalooyinka North Rhine-Westphalia; boqolkiiba malaayiinteeda ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/index.php?k=news&amp;itemid=10002&amp;detailid=255769 Bad Honnefer haben das meiste Geld (16.12.2006) | Wirtschaft | Lokales | News | General-Anzeiger Online - Bonn&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; Iyada oo 26.5% ay leedahay mid ka mid ah dadka ugu sarreeya ee ka weyn 65 sano ee North Rhine-Westphalia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bad Honnef (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/germany/nordrheinwestfalen/rhein_sieg_kreis/05382008__bad_honnef/ |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyaasadda ==
=== Golaha magaalada ===
Ka dib [[2025 North Rhine-Westphalia local elections|doorashadii deegaanka ee 2025]], golaha [[Stadtrat|magaalada]] Bad Honnef wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidan:

{{election table}}
! colspan=2| Xisbi
! Codadka
! %
! +/-
! Kuraasta
! +/-
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Midowga Dimuqraadiga Masiixiga]] (CDU)
| 5,406
| 42.2
| {{increase}} 9.6
| 17
| {{increase}} 7
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| 
| align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Isbahaysiga 90/Cagaarka]] (Grüne)
| 2,663
| 20.8
| {{decrease}} 7.5
| 8
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Bulshada]] (SPD)
| 1,694
| 13.2
| {{decrease}} 4.5
| 5
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor=#0000FF| 
| align=left| Ururka Muwaadiniinta Bad Honnef [[Club (organization)|e.V.]] (BB)
| 1,401
| 10.9
| {{decrease}} 4.4
| 4
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Volt Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Volt Germany|Volt]] (Volt)
| 565
| 4.4
| Cusub
| 2
| Cusub
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alternative for Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Alternative for Germany|Beddelka Jarmalka]] (AfD)
| 551
| 4.3
| Cusub
| 2
| Cusub
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Xorta ah]] (FDP)
| 546
| 4.3
| {{decrease}} 2.0
| 2
| ±0
|-
! colspan=2| Codadka ansaxa ah
! 12,826
! 98.7
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Codadka aan ansax ahayn
! 176
! 1.4
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Wadarta
! 13,002
! 100.0
! 
! 40
! {{increase}} 8
|-
! colspan=2| Tirada dadka dooran kara/ka qaybgalayaasha
! 20,497
! 63.4
! 
! 
! 
|-
| colspan=7| Isha: [https://wahlen.kdvz.nrw/production/kw2025/05382008/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=249&amp;stimmentyp=0&amp;id=ebene_3_id_125 Magaalada Bad Honnef]
|}

=== Duqa magaalooyinka ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable zebra&quot;
! Xilliga xafiiska !! Duqa magaalooyinka&lt;ref name=&quot;Honnefer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Die Bürgermeister der Stadt (Bad) Honnef|periodical=Die Bad Honnefer|url=http://www.diebadhonnefer.de/2013/05/page/5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027002843/http://www.diebadhonnefer.de/2013/05/page/5|archive-date=2014-10-27|language=Jarmal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1862–1876 || Clemens Joseph Adams (1831–1876)
|-
| 1877–1889 || Aloys Hubert Schumacher
|-
| 1889–1907 || Theodor Waechter
|-
| 1907–1919 || Peter Joseph Brenig
|-
| 1919–1929 || Albert Berns
|-
| 1929–1933 || Alfred von Reumont (1898–1984)
|-
| 1933–1934 || Heinrich Behr
|-
| 1934–1935 || Kumeel-gaar von Wittich
|-
| 1935–1945 || Johannes „Hans“ Schloemer
|-
| 1945–1946 || Heinrich Goertz
|-
| 1946–1949 || Jakob Mölbert
|-
| 1949–1952 || Peter Rustemeyer
|-
| 1952–1962 || Jakob Mölbert
|-
| 1962–1964 || Albert Weidenbach
|-
| 1964–1972 || Jakob Mölbert
|-
| 1972–1982 || Franz Josef Kayser (1928–2015)
|-
| 1982–1990 || Werner Osterbrink
|-
| 1990–1999 || Franz Josef Kayser
|-
| 1999–2004 || Hans-Peter Brassel
|-
| 2004–2014 || Wally Feiden (dhashay 1940)
|-
| 2014–2025 || Otto Neuhoff
|-
| ilaa 2025 || Philipp Herzog
|}

== Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Bad Honnef waxay [[Sister city|mataano]] la tahay:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Städtepartnerschaften|url=https://meinbadhonnef.de/a-z-listing/staedtepartnerschaften/|publisher=Bad Honnef|language=de|access-date=2021-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Berck]], Faransiis
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Cadenabbia|Cadenabbia (Griante)]], Talyaani
*{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ludvika Municipality|Ludvika]], Iswidhan
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Wittichenau]], Jarmal

== Dadka caanka ah ==
*[[Curt Haase]] (1881–1943), guud ahaan Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka
*[[Boris Papandopulo]] (1906–1991), laxamiiste iyo kaaliyaha muusiga
*[[Franz Brungs]] (dhashay 1936), ciyaaryahanka kubbadda cagta iyo tababare
*[[Peter Frankenberg]] (dhashay 1947), borofisar iyo siyaasi (CDU), wasiirka Baden-Württemberg
*[[Peter Hintze]] (1950–2016), siyaasi (CDU), 2013–2016 Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Bundestag
*[[Guido Westerwelle]] (1961–2016), siyaasi (FDP), Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Jarmalka (2009–2013)
*[[Sydney Lohmann]] (dhashay 2000), ciyaaryahanka kubbadda cagta ee [[Germany women's national football team|kooxda qaranka haweenka Jarmalka]]
*[[Alfred Nourney]] (1892–1972), qof bulsheed iyo ka badbaaday [[Titanic]]
* [[Joshua Filler]] (dhashay 1997) ciyaaryahan xirfad leh oo pool ah

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Wikivoyage|Bad Honnef}}
* {{Commons-inline}}
* [http://www.bad-honnef.de/ Magaalada Bad Honnef] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.iubh.de/en/ Jaamacadda Caalamiga ah ee Sayniska Codsatay, Bad Honnef] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.pbh.de/en/index.shtml Physikzentrum Bad Honnef] {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.campus-germany.de/english/4.22.3.858.html Macluumaad ku saabsan Bad Honnef, oo ka yimid campus-germany.de] {{in lang|en}}


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    <title>Bad Hönningen</title>
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      <text bytes="4075" sha1="khkip3rg62qpo2h418cb7mxgks0z9e5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type = Stadt
|image_photo = Bad Hönningen 018.jpg
|image_caption = Muuqaal hawada sare ah
|image_coa = DEU Bad Hönningen COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|50|31|04|N|7|18|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Bad Hönningen in NR.svg
|state = 
|district = Neuwied
|Verbandsgemeinde = Bad Hönningen
|elevation = 65
|area = 20.09
|postal_code = 53557
|area_code = 02635
|licence = NR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 38 004
|website = [http://www.bad-hoenningen.de/ www.bad-hoenningen.de]
|mayor = Ulrich Elberskirch&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Neuwied], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, waxaa la helay 5 Ogosto 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party = madax-bannaan
}}
[[File:Hohe Haus, Bad Hönningen, backside.JPG|thumb|right|''Hohe Haus'' (guriga sare), munaarad laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 15-aad oo loo isticmaali jiray hoy iyo difaac]]

'''Bad Hönningen''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈhœnɪŋən|-|De-Bad Hönningen.ogg}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Neuwied (district)|Neuwied]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa bangiga bari ee [[Rhine]], qiyaastii 15&amp;nbsp;km (10&amp;nbsp;mi) waqooyi-galbeed kaga beegan [[Neuwied]], iyo 30&amp;nbsp;km (20&amp;nbsp;mi) koonfur-bari kaga beegan [[Bonn]].

Bad Hönningen waa xarunta ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmo wadajir ah&quot;) [[Bad Hönningen (Verbandsgemeinde)|Bad Hönningen]].
Magaaladu waxay ka kooban tahay saddex degmo oo kale oo la yiraahdo ''Ariendorf'', ''Girgenrath'' iyo ''Reidenbruch''.

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Bad Hoenningen Arenfels.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Qalcadda Bad Hönningen Arenfels]]
Natiijooyinka qadiimiga ah waxay soo jeedinayaan in dadkii ugu horreeyay ay halkan ku noolaayeen in ka badan 1800 oo sano ka hor markii Roomaanku ay qabsadeen [[Rhineland]].

[[Limes (Roman Empire)|Limes]]-ku wuxuu ku dhex yaallay '''Bad Hönningen''' iyo [[Rheinbrohl]], oo ka soo horjeeda [[Vinxtbach]], xadka u dhexeeya [[Germania Inferior]] iyo [[Germania Superior|Superior]]. Meeshan ayay xuduudda limes-ku ka gudubtay [[Rhine]] waxayna sii waday bangiga bari. Goobtan waxaa laga dhisay [[castellum]] yar. Sannadkii 1972 munaarad ilaalo oo Roomaan ah ayaa laga dhisay natiijooyinka qadiimiga ah.

Sannadkii 1019, magaalada waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti ahaan &quot;Besitztum Hohingen&quot;.

Intii lagu jiray [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]] ee 1632 '''Bad Hönningen''' wuu gubtay marka laga reebo laba iyo toban guri.

Qubayskii ugu horreeyay ee daaweynta caafimaadka ayaa la furay 1895.
Sababtaas awgeed, magaaladu waxay xaq u leedahay inay haysato horyaalka &quot;Bad&quot; tan iyo 1950.

July 12, 1969, waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta magaalo.

== Horumarinta dadweynaha ==
Xogta 1871-1987 waxay ka timaadaa natiijooyinka tirakoobka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/MeineHeimat/detailInfo.aspx?topic=4095&amp;ID=3537&amp;key=0713802004&amp;l=3|title=Mein Dorf, meine Stadt (Template)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*1782: 1.398
*1871: 1.794
*1939: 4.312
*1970: 5.732
*1987: 5.454
*2005: 5.733

== Magaalada walaasha ==
* ''Saint Pierre lès Nemours'' (Faransiis) tan iyo 1980.

== Goobaha loo dalxiis tago ==
* Qalcadaha:
&quot;Schloss Arenfels&quot; ee Bad Hönningen
&quot;Burg Ariendorf&quot; ee Ariendorf (la dhisay 1840, neo-gothic)
* &quot;Hohe Haus&quot; oo la dhisay 1438 by archbishop ''Raban von Helmstatt''. Maanta matxaf magaalada ka mid ah ayaa ku yaalla.
* [[Limes (Roman Empire)|Limes]]-ku wuxuu ka bilaabmay meel u dhow xadka magaalada Bad Hönningen. Maanta waxaa jira matxaf la yiraahdo &quot;Limes Center&quot;.
July 15, 2005 [[UNESCO]] waxay goobtan ka dhigtay [[World Heritage Site|Goob Dhaxal Adduun ah]].
* ''Schlossberg'' ee Bad Hönningen waa beer canabka ugu weyn ee [[Middle Rhine]] (9 hektar).

== Dadka caanka ah ==
* [[Karl-Heinz Thielen]] (dhashay 1940 degmada Ariendorf), ciyaaryahanka kubbadda cagta

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://www.bad-hoenningen.de/ Bogga Bad Hönningen]

{{Commons category|Bad Hönningen}}


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