Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1919 303295 298448 2026-07-25T18:45:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kismayo''' ( [[Af Soomaali|Somali]] : Kismaayo , [[Carabi]] : كيسمايو , Kīsmāyū ; [[Talyaaniga]] : Chisimaio ) waa magaalo deked ku taal konfurta [[Jubbada Hoose]] (Jubbada Hoose) ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]] . Waa magaalo madaxda maamul goboleedka [[Jubaland]] .{{Infobox settlement | official_name = Kismaayo | native_name = كيسمايو | other_name = | settlement_type = Magaalo | image_skyline = File:Kismayo.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Dulmarka Kismaayo | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = Goobta Kismaayo Soomaaliya | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Kismaayo Soomaaliya | pushpin_relief = | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}}<br> | subdivision_type1 = Maamul Goboleedka | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_type4 =Degmo | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Jubaland}} | subdivision_name2 = [[Jubbada Hoose]] | subdivision_name4 =[[Kismayo]] | established_title = | established_date = | parts_type = | parts_style = para | p1 = <!-- Politics -----------------> | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 22.5 | population_total = 234,852 | population_as_of = 2014 | population_footnotes =<ref> [https://populationstat.com/somalia/kismaayo Dadka ku nool Kismaayo, magaalada iyo magaalada]</ref> | population_density_km2 = | population_urban = 458,000 | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | unemployment_rate = | website = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | blank_name = | blank_info = | name = }} Magaaladu waxa ay 528 kiiloomitir (328 mayl) koonfur-galbeed kaga beegan tahay caasimadda [[Muqdisho]] , una dhow afka [[Wabiga Jubba|webiga Jubba]] , halkaas oo uu ka soo galo [[badweynta Hindiya]] .Sida laga soo xigtay hay'adda [[Qaramada Midoobay]] u qaabilsan horumarinta , magaalada Kismaayo waxaa ku noolaa ku dhawaad ​​89,333 sanadkii 2005. Xilliyadii qarniyadii dhexe, Kismaayo iyo nawaaxigeeda waxay ka mid ahayd [[Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan]] ee ka talin jirtay inta badan koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]] iyo bariga [[Itoobiya]] , iyadoo dhulkeedu uu gaarayey ilaa Xaafuun oo waqooyi ah, ilaa Qelaafo oo galbeed ah, ilaa Kismaayo oo dhanka koonfureed ah. Xilligii hore ee casriga ah , Kismaayo waxaa ka talinayey Saldanada Geledi iyo 1800-aadkii dambe, Boqortooyadii Boqow. Boqortooyadu waxay ugu dambayntii la gashay Somaliland-talyaani 1925/6 kadib markii uu geeriyooday suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Cismaan Axmed . Xornimadii ka dib 1960kii, magaalada waxaa laga dhigay xarunta degmada Kismaayo ee rasmiga ah . Magaalada Kismaayo waxaa ka dhacay dagaallo badan oo ka dhacay dagaalladii sokeeye , laga soo billaabo horraantii sagaashameeyadii. Dabayaaqadii 2006, Islaamiyiinta xiriirka la leh Al-Shabaab ayaa qabsaday inta badan magaalada. Si dib loogula wareego lahaanshaha dhulkaas, waxaa sanadkii 2010-kii lagu dhawaaqay maamul goboleed cusub oo loo bixiyay Azania ,waxaana si rasmi ah loo sameeyay 2011. Bishii September 2012, ciidamada dowladda Soomaaliya iyo kuwa [[Ciidamada Midowga Afrika|AMISOM]] ayaa magaalada dib ugala wareegay kooxda [[Al-Shabaab]] . Maamulka KMG ah ee Juba ayaa la aas aasay lana aqoonsaday sanadkii 2013. == Degmooyinka Gobolka Jubbada Hoose == * [[Kismayo]] oo caasimadda ah ahana magaalada Afarad ee ugu wayn soomaaliya Afmadoow,Jamaame,Badhaadhe, beerxaani, beerxaani waxaa hoos yimaado hoosingaw maxamud xareed oo geel ku raaci jiray == Xaafadaha Kismayo == Kismaayo waxay ka koobanan jirtay dagaaladii ka hor 4 Xaafadood oo waawayn. waxayna kala yihiin: [[Xaafada farjanno|Farjanno]], [[Faanoole (kismaayo)|Faanoole]], [[Xaafada calanleey|Calanleey]],iyo [[Xaafada shaqaalaha|Shaqaalaha]]. hada waxaa lagu daray 2 xaafad oo kala ah [[Isku fIlan (kismaayo)|ISKU FILAN]] iyo [[Xaafada Guulwade|GUULWADE]] == Kista, Caasimada sedexaad ee Soomaaliya == [[Muqdisho]] [[Hargaysa]] [[Kismayo]] iyo [[Baydhabo]] ayaa balaartay iyaga oo saldhig u ahaa labadii gumayste ee wadanka soo kala maamulay, Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska, sida ay isugu xigaan. Kismaayo waa caasimada afaraad ee Soomaaliya xiligii xukumadii siyaad bare waxayna ku taalaa koonfurta fog ee [[Soomaaliya]]. Waxaa magaalada xariir dhaqaale la leh magaalooyinka waawayn ee dhaca somalia iyo weliba gobolka somalida ee kenya oo la dhihi karo waa magaalooyin ay mataano yihiin . Ganacsiga Kismaayo wuxuu gaaraa dhamaan gobolada Soomaalida [[Kenya]] ilaa wadanka Itoobiya. waana magaalo caan ku ah dhoofinta dhuxusha iyo ganacsiyo kale oo waweyn Waa gobolada ugu qanisan Somalia Jubooyinka haddii ay tahay xoolo beero bad iwm, == Waxbarashada == Magaalada Kismaayo waa isha dhaqaalaha Dowlad goboledka jubaland : waxaa ku yaal 4 dugsi sare iyo wax ka badan 7 dugsi hoose dhexe. Afarta dugsiyada sare waxaa kamid ah Iskuulka Max'ed Jaamac, Faanoole, Jubba, Guulwade iyo weliba dugsiga Axmed Bin Xambal. Bahda waxbarashada ee degmada Kismaayo iyo guud ahaanba gobolka J/hoose waxay ku mideeysanyihiin dallad lagu magacaabo (JEN) JUbba Education Network, taasoo saldhigeedu yahay Kismaayo. Sidoo kale magaalada Kismaayo ayaa waxaa siweyn looga bartaa culuumta kala duwan ee diinta Islaamka, iyadoo ay magaalada ku yaallaan madaaris kala duwan oo lagu barta diinta suuban ee islaamka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Magaalada Kismaayo oo ah magaalo muhiim ah oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya ayaa caan ku ah dadyow kala duwan. [[Mareexaan|Beesha Mareexaan]] (oo ka mid ah beelaha Daarood ) ayaa loo malaynayaa in ay ahaayeen kooxda ugu saamaynta badan ee magaalada xiliyadii 90 aadkii , iyadoo muddo dheer awood ku lahayd tirakoobka deegaanka, isku xirnaanta federaalka, iyo saameynta ay ku leedahay qaabdhismeedka ciidamada. [[Ogaadeen|Beesha Ogaadeen]] (Maxamed Zubeyr) ayaa iyana ku sugan magaalada, inkastoo doorkooda siyaasadeed uu muran ka dhashay. Maamulka Axmed Madoobe, oo ah Qabqable Ogadeen , ayaa sheeganaya in uu Kismaayo ka taliyo maamulka Jubbaland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa maamulkiisa diiday dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya oo uu ugu horreeyo Madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud oo ku dhawaaqay in madaxda Jubaland aysan lahayn sharci dastuuri ah, isla markaana aan la aqoonsaneyn federaalka. Beelaha kale ee deggan magaalada Kismaayo waxaa ka mid ah Biimaal iyo [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Beesha Reer Maxamed]] oo ka tirsan [[Gadabuursi]] (Oo labaduba Dir ah ) oo ah laba qabiil oo taariikhiyan ah oo muhiim ah oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda gobolka; Tunni, ( Digil–Mirifle / Raxanweyn ), oo ah qabiilka beeraleyda-xoolo dhaqatada ah ee ka soo jeeda gobollada Shabeellaha Hoose iyo Jubbooyinka; Somali Bantu ( Jareer ), waa bulsho taariikh ahaan la faquuqo oo leh hiddo kala duwan; Bajuni (dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee xeebta), koox xeebeed leh caadooyin badeed oo soo jireen ah; iyo [[Sheekhaal]] ( Hawiye -aligned), oo ku caan baxay hoggaan diimeed. Marka loo eego qiyaasaha hay'adaha bani'aadamnimada, magaaladu waxay lahayd ku dhawaad ​​234,000 qof ilaa 2014, in kasta oo ay tiradu is bedbedeshay colaadaha, barakaca, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa soo laabashada awgeed ==Taariikhda== ===Qadiimiga=== Waqtiyadii hore, Kismaayo waxay ka mid ahayd dawlad-goboleedka Soomaaliyeed ee ku hawlanaa isku xidhka ganacsi faa'iido badan leh oo isku xidhi jiray baayacmushtarka Soomaaliyeed ee Phenicia , Ptolemic masar. Greece , Parthian Persia , Saba , Nabataea iyo Boqortooyadii Roomaanka . Badmaaxiinta Soomaaliyeed waxay u adeegsan jireen markabkii hore ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaan beden si ay u daabulaan shixnaddooda ===Qarniyadii dhexe iyo xilligii hore ee casriga=== [[File:Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg|thumb|Calanka Suldanadda Ajuuraan , oo ah boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo saameyn weyn ku leh Kismaayo iyo guud ahaan gobollada Jubaland xilliyadii dhexe.]] Deegaanka Kismaayo ayaa markii hore ahaa deegaan yar oo kalluumeysi. Xilligii qarniyadii dhexe , gobolku wuxuu hoos yimid xukunkii Ajuuraan Sultanate ee saamaynta ku lahaa , kaas oo ka faa'iidaysan jiray beero-beereedka webiga Jubba. Burburkii siyaasaddaas ka dib, waxaa la aas aasay Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon, waxaana deegaanka qabsaday Saldanadii Geledi . Boqortooyadu waxay gaartay heerkii ugu sarreeyey markii ay talada dalka kala wareegeen Suldaan Yuusuf Maxamuud Ibraahim oo ku guuleystay in uu gobroonku adkeeyo dagaaladii Baardheere iyo Suldaan Axmed Yuusuf oo ku khasbay maamulladii gobollada sida Boqortooyadii Cumaan inay soo dhiibaan abaal-marin . ===Waagii Gumaysiga=== Ilaa 1886, Saldanada Zanzibar waxay xukuntay qayb la taaban karo oo ka mid ah Xeebta Swahili , oo loo yaqaan Zanj . Ka dib shirkii Berlin ee 1885, Ingiriiska iyo Jarmalku waxay si qarsoodi ah ku heshiiyeen dhinacyada saamaynta, iyadoo Ingiriisku uu qaato waxa noqon doona maxmiyadda Bariga Afrika . Labada awoodoodba waxay ka kiraysteen dhul xeebeedka Zanzibar waxayna samaysteen saldhigyo ganacsi iyo meelo ka baxsan. William Mackinnon , oo hore heshiis ula galay Sultan, ayaa aasaasay shirkadda Imperial British East Africa Company sannadkii 1888, waxaana shirkadda la siiyay deeqdii asalka ahayd ee ay ku maamuli lahayd dhulka, oo laga kireeyay Suldaan. Waxay maamushay ilaa 240 km (150 mi) oo xeeb ah oo fidsan webiga Jubba ilaa Mombasa ilaa Jarmalka Bari ee Afrika . Shirkadu way fashilantay oo 1dii Luulyo 1895 dawladda Ingiriisku waxay ku dhawaaqday maxmiyad , maxmiyadda Bariga Afrika , maamulkiina waxaa loo wareejiyay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda [[File:Africa 1909 16a.png|thumb|Khariidadda [[Ingiriiska]] ee [[Bariga Afrika]] 1909, oo muujinaysa soohdinta [[Wabiga Jubba|Wabiga Juba]]]] Si uu Talyaanigu ugu abaalmariyo ku biirista xulafada dagaalkii 1aad ee aduunka , iyo dhacdadii Corfu ee 1923 ka dib, Ingiriisku wuxuu go'aansaday inuu Kismaayo iyo qaybta waqooyi ee Jubaland si shuruud la'aan ah ugu wareejiyo gumaystihii Talyaaniga . Qaybtii waqooyi ee dhulka Jubaland ee la qaybsaday, waxa ay jirtay muddo kooban laga soo bilaabo 1924-kii oo ahayd gumaystihii Talyaaniga ee Trans-Juba ( Oltre Giuba ). [[Talyaaniga|Talyaanigu]] wuxuu magaalada u yaqaanay Chisimaio . Gumeysigu wuxuu lahaa dhul dhan 87,000 km2 ( 33,000 sq mi), oo ay ku noolaayeen 120,000 oo qof. Dabadeed Jubaland waxay ku biirtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Italian Somaliland 30kii Juun 1926kii. Ingriisku waxa uu sii haystay qaybta koonfureed ee dhulkii la qaybsaday ee Jubaland, kaas oo markii dambe loo bixiyay dagmada xudduudaha waqooyi (NFD). Sannadkii 1941kii ayaa hawlgalkii Canvas laga bilaabay NFD oo uu la galay dagaalkii Jubbooyinka. Kismaayo si degdeg ah ayaa loo qabsaday 14kii Febraayo. ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== Ka dib burburkii maamulkii dhexe ee la socday dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, maleeshiyaad kala duwan oo deegaanka ah ayaa ku dagaalamay gacan ku haynta magaalada, oo ay ku jiraan taageerayaashii Maxamed Siciid Xirsi ("General Morgan"), iyo Col. Barre Aadan Shire Hiiraale Somali National Front (SNF), oo markii dambe loo yaqaan Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba (JVA). Sidoo kale Col. Cumar Jess ee Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM). Sean Devereux oo ahaa shaqaale gargaar ayaa lagu dilay magaalada Janaayo 1993. Bishii Maarso 1993, koox amfibious ah oo Mareykan ah ayaa yimid magaalada iyagoo isku dayaya inay nabadda ilaaliyaan taasoo qeyb ka ah faragelinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya . Bishii Disembar 1993kii, ciidamadii Jeneraal Moorgan waxay maamulayeen Kismaayo, inkastoo ay joogeen ciidamo nabad ilaalin ah. Ciidamadii ugu dambeeyay ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ka baxay magaalada December 1994 [[File:Kismaayo panorama.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka Kismaayo ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye.]] Jeneraal Moorgan ayaa si kooban ugu dhawaaqay in Jubaland ay xorowday Sebtember 3, 1998. Kornayl Barre Aadan Shire Hiiraale , maamulka ASF wuxuu isu beddelay Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba 2001 . January 8, 2007, markii uu dagaalkii Raas Kambooni ka dhacay koonfurta Kismaayo, ayaa DFKMG waxay ka guurtay xarunteedii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Baydhabo, una guurtay caasimadda dalka ee Muqdisho . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. Jabkaas ka dib, Midowgii Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah waxay u kala jabeen dhawr qaybood oo kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah canaasiirta xagjirka ah oo ay ku jirto Al-Shabaab ayaa dib isu soo abaabulay si ay u sii wadaan kacdoonka ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah, kana soo horjeeda joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxa ay dhaliyeen guulo milatari, iyaga oo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyinka iyo dekedaha muhiimka ah ee bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Jannaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaad kale ayaa u suurtagashay in ay ku qasbaan ciidamada Itoobiya in ay dib u gurtaan, iyaga oo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo ka tirsan nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, Ciidanka Soomaaliya , Maleeshiyada Raas Kambooni iyo Ciidamada Difaaca Kenya (KDF), oo dhamaantood ka amar qaata Howlgalka Midowga Afrika ee Soomaaliya AMISOM , ayaa dib ugala wareegay Maleeshiyada Al-Shabaab dagaalkii Kismaayo (2012) . Tani waxay soo afjartay weerarkii Linda Nchi ee Kenya ay ku qaadday Soomaaliya kaasoo billowday dabayaaqadii sannadkii hore. July 12, 2019 Qarax loo adeegsaday gaari walxaha qarxa laga soo buuxiyay iyo weerar hubeysan oo ka dhacay hoteelka Casey ayaa waxaa ku dhintay ugu yaraan 26, oo ay ku jiraan labo wariye oo caan ah iyo sagaal ajaaniib ah. Kooxda Islaamiga ah ee al-Shabaab ayaa sheegatay mas’uuliyadda. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Kismaayo waxay ku taallaa dooxada barwaaqada ah ee Jubba ee koonfur bari Soomaaliya, ee xeebta badda Soomaaliya. Degsiimooyinka u dhow waxaa ka mid ah dhanka waqooyi-bari Xamareyso (5.0 nm), dhanka waqooyi Dalxiiska (1.3 nm), waqooyi-galbeed Qeyla Dheere (6.4 nm), dhanka galbeed Saamogia (0.9 nm), ilaa koonfur-galbeed Iach Buulle (10.0 nm), iyo koonfurta Qandal (6.5 nm). Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn dalka ee ugu dhow Kismaayo waa Jamaame (52 km), Jilib (97 km), iyo Marka (337 km). ==Dowladda== Maamul cusub oo degmo ayaa la dhisay 6dii Sebtembar 2008. Xubnahooda ayaa la sheegay inay matalayeen Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah iyo Al-Shabaab (midkiiba saddex xubnood) marka lagu daro qabiil deegaanka ah (hal xubin) oo qayb ka qaatay weerarka militari. Wakiilada Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ayaa su'aal galiyay sharcinimada maamulka. Oktoobar 1, 2009, Al Shabaab ayaa si buuxda ula wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalada, ka dib markii Sheekh Axmed Madoobe , oo ah taliyaha sare ee guutada Raas Kambooni (oo markaas ka tirsanaan jiray Xisbul Islaam ), uu ka hor yimid gacan ku haynta Al-Shabaab. Markii laga saaray jabhaddii Al-Shabaab bishii Sebtembar 2012, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa billowday diyaarinta dhexdhexaadinta dhinacyada kala duwan ee magaalada si loo dhiso maamul loo dhan yahay oo maxalli ah. 28kii Agoosto 2013, maamulka Jubaland ayaa heshiis dib u heshiisiin qaran kula saxiixday Addis Ababa dowladda federaalka. Heshiiskan oo uu taageeray wasiiru dowlaha madaxtooyada Faderaalka ee Soomaaliya Faarax Cabdulqaadir oo ka wakiil ah madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud , ayaa heshiiskan waxaa garwadeen ka ah wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda Itoobiya , waxaana heshiiskan uu yimid kadib wadahadallo laba geesood ah oo soo jiitamayay. Qodobada heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in Jubaland muddo labo sano ah uu maamulo maamulka KMG ah ee Jubba oo uu hogaamiyo madaxweynaha hadda xilka haya ee maamulkaasi Axmed Maxamed Islaam. Madaxweynaha gobolku waxa uu noqonayaa guddoomiyaha golaha fulinta ee cusub, kaas oo uu u magacaabayo saddex ku-xigeen. Sidoo kale, heshiiska ayaa waxaa ka mid ah in la isku dhafo ciidamada milateriga Jubaland ee hoos taga taliska dhexe ee ciidamada xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed, waxaana heshiiskan uu dhigayaa in maamulka KMG ah ee Jubba uu ka amar qaato booliska gobolka. ==Dhaqaalaha== Bishii Oktoobar 2008, heerka shaqada maalinlaha ah waxaa lagu qiyaasay 157,500 shilin Soomaali ah (qiyaastii $4.50), halka uu ka ahaa 52,000 shilin (qiyaastii $2.21) bishii Janaayo 2008, halka kiiloga bariiska cas uu ka kacay 14,170 (qiyaastii $0.461) $ 1.31). Litirkii naaftada ahaa 43,000 shilin (qiyaastii $1.23) geela 15 milyan oo shilin (qiyaastii $435). Wadarta wax-soo-saarka badarka ilaa 2008dii waxa lagu qiyaasay 780MT. ==Gaadiidka== ===Madaarka=== [[File:Kismayo Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Kismaayo .]] Baahida gaadiidka cirka ee magaalada Kismaayo waxaa ka shaqeeya garoonka diyaaradaha ee magaalada Kismaayo oo qiyaastii 10 KM u jira magaalada. Waxay hore u ahayd xarun lagu tababaro ciidamada cirka Soomaaliya . Ka dib markii ay bilowdeen dagaaladii sokeeye, garoonka diyaaradaha ayaa muddo xirnaa, waxaana burbur xooggan soo gaaray kaabayaashiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xarunta waxaa dib u furay bishii Oktoobar 2008 Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah ka dib markii lagu sameeyay xoogaa dayactir ah. Isla sanadkaas, garoonka diyaaradaha waxaa sidoo kale loo beddelay Imaam Axmed Gurey , oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii milateriga Soomaaliya ee qarnigii 16-aad. Garoonka diyaaradaha ee magaalada Kismaayo ayaa si rasmi ah loo hoos geeyay maamulka KMG ah ee Jubba bishii August ee sanadkii 2013. Sida lagu heshiiyey, waxaa maamulka xarunta lagu waday in muddo lix bilood ah lagu wareejiyo dowladda Federaalka . Dakhliga iyo dhaqaalaha ka soo xarooda garoonka ayaa sidoo kale loo qoondayn doonaa adeegyada adeegyada Jubbaland iyo laamaha amniga iyo sidoo kale horumarinta hay’adaha maxaliga ah. [[File:Kismayo Int Airport 2016.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Kismaayo]] ===Waddooyinka=== Saddex waddo oo halbowle u ah magaalada Kismaayo ayaa ku xira magaalooyinka waaweyn ee dalka. Waddada 600 km ee Highway 3 waxa ay maraysaa dhererka dooxada Jubba . Laga bilaabo Beled Xaawo , waxa ay sii martaa Garbahaarey , Baardheere iyo Bu’aale ka hor inta aysan gaarin Kismaayo. Jid laami ah oo dhererkeedu yahay 528 KM ayaa isku xirta caasimadda Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo, iyadoo sii marta Jilib ka hor inta aysan u leexan dhanka caasimadda. Jid weyn oo saddexaad ayaa ka baxda waqooyi-galbeed ee Kismaayo ilaa Afmadoow , kaddibna waxay u leexataa Dhoobley oo ku taalla bariga gobolka Gedo. Bishii Janaayo 2015, maamulka KMG ah ee Jubba ayaa magaalada Kismaayo ka bilaabay olole nadaafadeed oo lagu qurxinayo gaadiidka. Qayb ka mid ah olole ballaaran oo magaalaynta, hindisaha waxaa ka mid ah nadiifinta waddooyinka xiran iyo laamiyada, burburinta dhismayaasha sharci darrada ah ee ku dhexyaalla, iyo horumarinta dheeraadka ah ee isku-xirka waddooyinka dowladda hoose. ===Dekadda=== Dekadaha waaweyn ee Kismaayo waxa ay ku yaalaan jasiirad ku taal xeebta badda Soomaaliya. Jaziiradda Bajuuni oo hore uga mid ahayd jasiiradda Bajuuni , jasiiradda waxaa ku xidhmay waddo cidhiidhi ah, markii dekedda casriga ah ee Kismaayo la dhisay sannadkii 1964-kii, waxaana gacan ka geystay Maraykanka. Dekeddu waxay saldhig u ahayd Dekedda magaalada Kismaayo ayaa si rasmi ah loo hoos geeyay maamulka KMG ah ee Jubba bishii August ee sanadkii 2013, iyadoo heshiiska uu dhigayaa in muddo lix bilood ah kadib loo qorsheeyay in maamulka xaruntaasi lagu wareejiyo dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya. Sida Garoonka Kismaayo oo kale, dakhliga iyo dhaqaalaha ka soo xarooda dekeddu waa in loo qoondeeyaa adeegyada adeegyada Jubbaland iyo laamaha amniga iyo sidoo kale horumarinta hay’adaha maxaliga ah. == Maamulka iyo Sharciga == Magaaladda Kismaayo waxaa hada maamula mamul km ===Dekadda=== Dekadaha waaweyn ee Kismaayo waxa ay ku yaalaan jasiirad ku taal xeebta badda Soomaaliya. Jaziiradda Bajuuni oo hore uga mid ahayd jasiiradda Bajuuni , jasiiradda waxaa ku xidhmay waddo cidhiidhi ah, markii dekedda casriga ah ee Kismaayo la dhisay sannadkii 1964-kii, waxaana gacan ka geystay Maraykanka. Dekeddu waxay saldhig u ahayd Dekedda magaalada Kismaayo ayaa si rasmi ah loo hoos geeyay maamulka KMG ah ee Jubba bishii August ee sanadkii 2013, iyadoo heshiiska uu dhigayaa in muddo lix bilood ah kadib loo qorsheeyay in maamulka xaruntaasi lagu wareejiyo dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya. Sida Garoonka Kismaayo oo kale, dakhliga iyo dhaqaalaha ka soo xarooda dekeddu waa in loo qoondeeyaa adeegyada adeegyada Jubbaland iyo laamaha amniga iyo sidoo kale horumarinta hay’adaha maxaliga ah ==Dadka deegaanka oo xusid mudan== Mohammed Sagaf , Kubadda Cagta oo ku dhashay Kismaayo, haatana matalaya Xulka Kubadda Cagta Tanzania Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato , Hogaamiye Ciidan iyo Siyaasi; safiirka Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Jarmalka Galbeed; Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka (1983-1990) C/laahi Axmed Cirro , General-ka Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed Xuseen Samatar , Siyaasi, Bangiyo iyo abaabule bulsho == Cimilada Kista == {{Weather box | location = Kismaayo | single line = Yes | metric first = Yes | Jan high F = 86 | Feb high F = 87 | Mar high F = 89 | Apr high F = 89 | May high F = 86 | Jun high F = 84 | Jul high F = 83 | Aug high F = 83 | Sep high F = 84 | Oct high F = 86 | Nov high F = 88 | Dec high F = 87 | Year high F = 86 | Jan low F = 76 | Feb low F = 76 | Mar low F = 76 | Apr low F = 77 | May low F = 77 | Jun low F = 75 | Jul low F = 74 | Aug low F = 73 | Sep low F = 73 | Oct low F = 76 | Nov low F = 77 | Dec low F = 76 | Year low F = 76 | Jan precipitation inch = 0 | Feb precipitation inch = 0 | Mar precipitation inch = 0 | Apr precipitation inch = 0.8 | May precipitation inch = 2.9 | Jun precipitation inch = 2.6 | Jul precipitation inch = 1.6 | Aug precipitation inch = 0.3 | Sep precipitation inch = 0.1 | Oct precipitation inch = 0.3 | Nov precipitation inch = 0.3 | Dec precipitation inch = 0.1 | Year precipitation inch = 8.9 | source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=7236&refer=wikipedia|title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Kismaayo, Somalia|publisher=Weatherbase|year=2011|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2014-02-10|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307025622/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=7236&refer=wikipedia|dead-url=yes}}Retrieved on 24 Nofeembar, 2011.</ref> | publisher = Weatherbase | date = Nofeembar 2011 }} == Tixraacyada == {{Portal|Soomaaliya}} {{commonscat|Kismayo|Kismaayo}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"] [http://www.peaceau.org/uploads/amisom-press-release-30-09-2012.pdf Ciidamada Soomaaliya iyo kuwa AMISOM ee ku sugan duleedka Kismaayo"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043444/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Jubaland_gains_recognition_after_intense_bilateral_talks_in_Ethiopia_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Jubaland waxay heshay aqoonsi ka dib wadahadalo laba geesood ah oo ka dhacay Itoobiya"] https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2023/lower-juba {{Wayback|url=https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2023/lower-juba |date=20250803031207 }} [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E3DC1E39F931A25751C1A962958260 Warbixinta Kooban ee Adduunka; Ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Qaramada Midoobay ee u dambeeyay oo isku diyaarinaya inay ka baxaan Soomaaliya] [http://www.afrol.com/html/Countries/Somalia/documents/un_sg_111001.htm Warbixinta Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay ee ku saabsan xaaladda Soomaaliya, 11 Oct 2001, Document S/2001/963] [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-48969781 "Weerarkii Kismaayo: Ugu yaraan 26 ayaa ku dhintay weerar dabley ah ay ku galeen hoteel Soomaali ah"] [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/09/Kismaayo.html "Kismaayo, Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/09/Kismaayo.html |date=20230819153749 }} [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=8860 "Komishanka Booliska Kismaayo ayaa qorsheynaya inuu cagaf-galiyo dhismayaasha sharci darrada ah ee ku teedsan waddooyinka waaweyn"] [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9801E6DB173BF933A1575AC0A962948260&fta=y US ayaa $38.6 Milyan ku bixinaysa dib u habeynta Dekadda Soomaaliya] [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers US Army Corps of Engineers] [http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4569004&fid=5781&c=somalia Kismaayo, Soomaaliya] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120915192043/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA464006 Geology of Somalia: a Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science] [http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hHf2OUAlTWDaPKUUMh1cWyqOoM1Q Soomaaliya Islaamiyiintu waxay u bixiyeen magaca garoonka diyaaradaha ee Kismaayo] {{Wayback|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hHf2OUAlTWDaPKUUMh1cWyqOoM1Q |date=20081011160027 }} [http://allafrica.com/stories/200810061240.html Somalia: Duulimaadyadii Qaadka waday oo laga Mamnuucay Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Kismaayo] [http://allafrica.com/stories/200809090125.html Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah oo diiday maamul ay Al-Shabaab ka dhistay magaalada Kismaayo]<references/> [[Category:Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jubbada Hoose]] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia.html#Jubaland WorldStaesmen – Somalia – Jubaland] [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/kismaayo_1992.jpg 1992 Maabkii Kismaayo] a8vu0itzoomda2fsd8xr5o46zlo7pr5 0 3701 303302 144581 2026-07-26T00:03:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|27|S|26|E|region:ZA_type:adm1st_dim:600km|display=title}} [[File:SouthAfricaNorthWest.png|right|300px]] '''North West Province''', [[Koonfur Afrika]]. * [http://www.nwpg.gov.za/ http://www.nwpg.gov.za/] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nwpg.gov.za/ |date=20100527022000 }} [[Category:Koonfur Afrika| ]] 59m717rq27bszpppfwgynvi9ndho5on 0 4827 303282 303281 2026-07-25T12:00:03Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 303282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Malta.svg|191px]]<S>[[Mooskoow]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |22.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |22..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |23".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|189px]]<S>[[Malaysiya]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: "as" President of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} c8soqeivbr5qalfd45sh1x9dglxehn8 303283 303282 2026-07-25T12:04:27Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta */ 303283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million³ |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Malta.svg|191px]]<S>[[Mooskoow]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |22.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |22..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |23".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|189px]]<S>[[Malaysiya]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} bbzhbuljttray04alxz0yc0fumiohz7 303292 303283 2026-07-25T16:33:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Malta.svg|191px]]<S>[[Mooskoow]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |22.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |22..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |23".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|189px]]<S>[[Malaysiya]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 304dq9e4jxsqa7yuyeed5wiu2jg9do4 0 5167 303306 210378 2026-07-26T02:37:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of UNESCO.svg|thumb|Astaanka UNESCO]] {{QM2}} '''United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization''' (oo loo soo gaabiyo UNESCO) waa hey'ad ka tirsan [[urur]]ka [[Qaramada Midoobay]] oo qaabilsan Waxbarashada, [[Seynis]]ka iyo [[Dhaqan]]ka. Waxaana la aasaasay sanadkii [[1945]]. ==Warka== * https://unpo.org/article/19624 {{Wayback|url=https://unpo.org/article/19624 |date=20210919052422 }} * https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/news/cave_art_paintings.php?id=Laas-Geel-rock-art-site-in-Somaliland =Sidoo kale fiiri= * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [http://www.unesco.org/ http://www.unesco.org/] =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] *[[UNESCO]] *[[UNICEF]] *[[ICAO]] {{QM}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{gumud}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]][[Category:Siyaasad]] [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Wadan]] [[Category:Dhul]] d3hq9k5bblcbhgr1odjwkada2bvw4h0 0 5956 303312 282177 2026-07-26T10:46:12Z Dabdhamaag 46671 /* */ Taariikhda Magaalada Wabxo 303312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Wabxo |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =Magaalo |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Goobta Soomaaliya. |subdivision_type =Wadanka |subdivision_name ={{flag|Somalia}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Galguduud]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset =+3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|4.5167|N|46.2833|E|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Wahbo District ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Wabxo ), waa degmo qurux badan oo ku taal koonfurta gobolka [[Galguduud]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] . Fogaanta Wabxo iyo [[Ceelbuur]] waa 43 KM, Wabxo iyo [[Muqdisho]] waa 333 KM. Bishii Juun 5, 2009, Wabxo waxaa ka dhacay dagaalkii Wabxo , waxaa ku dagaalamay hal dhinac, jabhado ka tirsan Xisbul Islaam iyo [[Al-Shabaab]] iyo dhinaca kale maleeshiyaad taabacsan dowladda kumeelgarka ah ee Ahlu Sunna Waljameeca . In ka badan 123 ayaa la dilay, waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah dagaalladii ugu cuslaa ee ka dhaca dagaalladii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya. ==Tixraac== [http://www.getamap.net/maps/somalia/hiiraan/_wabxo/ Wabxo] [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ll=4.5125,46.283056&t=k&z=17 Halkan ka daawo] sawirka hawada sare ee Wabxo. {{Gumud}} sdjrhw97pfhsbhjqkdgs1ce477ukias 303313 303312 2026-07-26T10:53:37Z Dabdhamaag 46671 Noqay bedelaadka [[Special:Diff/303312|303312]] ee sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Dabdhamaag|Dabdhamaag]] ([[User talk:Dabdhamaag|hadal]]) 303313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Wabxo |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =Magaalo |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Goobta Soomaaliya. |subdivision_type =Wadanka |subdivision_name ={{flag|Somalia}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Galguduud]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset =+3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|4.5167|N|46.2833|E|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Wahbo District ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Wabxo ), waa degmo qurux badan oo ku taal koonfurta gobolka [[Galguduud]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] . Fogaanta Wabxo iyo [[Ceelbuur]] waa 43 KM, Wabxo iyo [[Muqdisho]] waa 333 KM. Bishii Juun 5, 2009, Wabxo waxaa ka dhacay dagaalkii Wabxo , waxaa ku dagaalamay hal dhinac, jabhado ka tirsan Xisbul Islaam iyo [[Al-Shabaab]] iyo dhinaca kale maleeshiyaad taabacsan dowladda kumeelgarka ah ee Ahlu Sunna Waljameeca . In ka badan 123 ayaa la dilay, waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah dagaalladii ugu cuslaa ee ka dhaca dagaalladii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . ==Tixraac== [http://www.getamap.net/maps/somalia/hiiraan/_wabxo/ Wabxo] [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ll=4.5125,46.283056&t=k&z=17 Halkan ka daawo] sawirka hawada sare ee Wabxo. {{Gumud}} 7wutktk2e311krdkbgmgw2depii2kya 0 6787 303303 282253 2026-07-26T00:44:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Qansahdhere | other_name = قنسحطيري | native_name = Qansaxdheere | nickname = Banban | settlement_type = Magaalo | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Koonfur-Galbeed Soomaaliya.png | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = Qansahdhere | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Koonfur Galbeed | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = Baay | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Cabdirisaaq Cabdi Ibraahim (Sanka) | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 76,714 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|display=title,inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code 252 = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Qansahdhere''' ([[Af-Maay|Maay]]: Qaasidheeri ,[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Qansaxdheere ) sidoo kalena loo yaqaano Qansax dheere , waa magaalo ku taal [[koonfurta]] gobolka [[Baay]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]] . Degmada ballaaran ee Qansaxdheere waxaa ku nool dad gaaraya 76,714 qof. Inta badan dadka deegaanka ee degmada ayaa ka soo jeeda Gelidle, Yantaar, Hubeer, Luwaay iyo qabiilada Emid. Luuqada ugu weyn ee degmada lagaga hadlo waa luuqada Maayga ==Dhaqaalaha== Qansaxdheere waa goob laga ganacsado xoolaha nool maadaama ay ku taal. Maalmaha isniinta iyo jimcaha waxaa magaaladan u yimaada ganacsato ka soo jeeda deegaanada ku xeeran si ay uga ganacsadaan xoolaha nool. Wax soo saarka beeraha ayaa sidoo kale si weyn wax uga tarta wax soo saarka magaalada. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, beerashadu waxa ay ka soo wareegtay dalagga ugu horrayn una wareegtay dalagga, khudaarta, iyo miraha. Isniinta iyo Jimcaha ayaa leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale marka loo eego maalmaha kale ee toddobaadka. Waxa kale oo jira adeegyo casri ah sida isgaadhsiin, internet-ka, iyo goobo laga dukaameysto. ==Caafimaadka== Qansaxdheere waxaa ku yaalo laba cosbitaal (Tuulada CARUURTA SOS [Isbitaal Qansaxdheere]) iyo laba MCH (MARDO iyo URRO) kuwaas oo inta badan xanbaarsan taageerada nafaqeynta oo qaab loo idmaday. ==Xusuusin== [https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"] PDF) . UNDP . 21 Sebtembar 2013 . ==Tixraac== [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/04/Qansaxdheere2.html Qansaxdheere, Somalia Page] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/04/Qansaxdheere2.html |date=20251022193550 }} {{Gumud}} fi4c5vz9tzyxymk96don8omjdmb0eak 0 6927 303304 266505 2026-07-26T00:51:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Qaw |other_name =Bandar Siyada |native_name =<small>''Qaw''</small> |nickname = |settlement_type =Populated place |motto = |image_skyline =Qaw Town Plan.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption =Town plan for Bandar Siyada (Qaw). |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Somalia. |coordinates_display =inline,title |coordinates_region =SO-BR |subdivision_type =Dalka |subdivision_name ={{flag|Somalia}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Gobolka]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Bari]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset =+3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=11|latm=14|lats=34|latNS=N |longd=48|longm=58|longs=33|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 8 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Qaw''' waa degmo ku taalo gobolka [[Bari]] awal waa loo aqoon jiray Bandar Siyaad. waxay ka mid tahay degaamada hoostaga [[Boosaaso]]. {{Gumud}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Bari}} == Tixraac == [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/03/Qoow.html QAW Map] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/03/Qoow.html |date=20160304061134 }} *[http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=411646&fid=5779&c=somalia Bender Siyaada, Somalia] ==xiriiriye banaanka== *[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/03/Qoow.html Bender Siyaada toponyms] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/03/Qoow.html |date=20160304061134 }} *'Zoomable' satellite pictures of Bandar Siyada: [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ll=11.242823,48.976025&t=k&z=18 here] and [http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=11.242823~48.976025&lvl=18&sty=a here]. [[Category:Populated places in Bari, Somalia]] {{somalia-geo-stub}} cbn2k76s1kf6o5830qypy2dsx95v609 0 8290 303299 269995 2026-07-25T22:10:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Memory-card-comparison.jpg|thumb|500px|[[Miniaturization]] waa mid ka mida kaydisha; .]] '''Memory card''' ama (Kaarka xasuusta), kaydiye, waa kaar elektroonic ah [[qalabka kaydinta maclumatka]] waxana loo isticmala kaydinta waxyabaha digtalka ah. badana waxa lagu isticmala qalabyo kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan [[digital camera(humaag tireed)]], [[mobileda gacanta]], [[kumbuyatarka gacanta]] iyo [[cood shide|MP3 players]], aad ayeey u yaryar yiin waxayna awoodan in ay maclumatka hayaan bile koronto . == taariikhda oo kombulet ah == [[PC Card]]s (PCMCIA)waxa ahaa nocyadi ugu hereyay ee kaydisha (qaab card ahaneed) waxanu soo baxay 1990s,laakin hadda badanaa waxa lagu isticmala shirkadaha application ah si ay ula xiriraan qalabka ah I/O sidaa [[modem]]s. 1990s,tiro kaydiyal ah oo ka yaryar PC Card soo baxay, ay ku jiraan [[CompactFlash]], [[SmartMedia]], iyo [[Miniature Card]]. shirkadaha aadka u hormaryay kaydisha ayaa waxa ugu cadcad shirkada sony Since 2010 new products of Sony (previously only using Memory Stick) and Olympus (previously only using XD-Card) are offered with an additional SD-Card slot.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://ces.cnet.com/8301-31045_1-10426683-269.html |access-date=2012-05-05 |archive-date=2010-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324061005/http://ces.cnet.com/8301-31045_1-10426683-269.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Effectively the [[format war]] has turned in SD-Card's favor.<ref name="formatkrieg1">[http://www.chip.de/news/Format-Krieg-entschieden-SD-Card-setzt-sich-durch_40751686.html "Format-Krieg entschieden: SD-Card setzt sich durch"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chip.de/news/Format-Krieg-entschieden-SD-Card-setzt-sich-durch_40751686.html |date=20151126163414 }} (''"format-war resolved: SD-card prevails"''), Chip-online, 14. January 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34850031/ "Camera trends come into focus for 2010"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34850031/ |date=20121104161109 }}, msnbc, 13. January.2010 ''"As much as the storage-format war cleared up a bit with Sony announcing that it would support SD and SDHC cards ..."''</ref><ref>[http://www.marketnews.ca/LatestNewsHeadlines/FEATURE:PlayingYourCardsRightatRetail.html "FEATURE: Playing Your Cards Right at Retail"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marketnews.ca/LatestNewsHeadlines/FEATURE:PlayingYourCardsRightatRetail.html |date=20130617153237 }}, Peter K. Burian, 4. June 2010. ''"Some industry observers have suggested that this development signals an end to the 'format war,' ..."''</ref> == Data table of selected memory card formats == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Name ||Acronym || Form factor||[[Digitale rights management|DRM]] |- |[[PC Card]]||align="center"|PCMCIA||85.6 × 54 × 3.3&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[CompactFlash|CompactFlash I]]||align="center"|CF-I||43 × 36 × 3.3&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[CompactFlash|CompactFlash II]]||align="center"|CF-II||43 × 36 × 5.5&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[SmartMedia]]||align="center"|SM&nbsp;/&nbsp;SMC||45 × 37 × 0.76&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[Memory Stick]]||align="center"|MS||50.0 × 21.5 × 2.8&nbsp;mm||{{yes|[[MagicGate]]}} |- |[[Memory Stick|Memory Stick Duo]]||align="center"|MSD||50.0 × 21.5 × 2.8&nbsp;mm||{{yes|[[MagicGate]]}} |- |[[Memory Stick|Memory Stick PRO Duo]]||align="center"|MSPD||31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6&nbsp;mm||{{yes|[[MagicGate]]}} |- |[[Memory Stick|Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo]]||align="center"|MSPDX||31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6&nbsp;mm||{{yes|[[MagicGate]]}} |- |[[Memory Stick|Memory Stick Micro M2]]||align="center"|M2||15.0 × 12.5 × 1.2&nbsp;mm||{{yes|[[MagicGate]]}} |- |[[Miniature Card]]|||||37 × 45 × 3.5&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[Multimedia Card]]||align="center"|MMC||32 × 24 × 1.5&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[Multimedia Card|Reduced Size Multimedia Card]]||align="center"|RS-MMC||16 × 24 × 1.5&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[Multimedia Card|MMCmicro Card]]||align="center"|MMCmicro||12 × 14 × 1.1&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[P2 (storage media)|P2 card]]||align="center"| P2 || || {{no}} |- |[[Secure Digital|Secure Digital card]]||align="center"|SD||32 × 24 × 2.1&nbsp;mm||{{yes|[[Content Protection for Recordable Media|CPRM]]}} |- |[[SxS]]||align="center"|SxS|||| {{no}} |- |[[Universal Flash Storage]]||align="center"|UFS||||{{partial|Unknown}} |- |[[miniSD]] card||align="center"|miniSD||21.5 × 20 × 1.4&nbsp;mm||{{yes|[[Content Protection for Recordable Media|CPRM]]}} |- |[[microSD]] card||align="center"|microSD||15 × 11 × 0.7&nbsp;mm||{{yes|[[Content Protection for Recordable Media|CPRM]]}} |- |[[xD-Picture Card]]||align="center"|xD||20 × 25 × 1.7&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[Intelligent Stick]]||align="center"|iStick||24 × 18 × 2.8&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[Serial Flash Module]]||align="center"|SFM||45 × 15&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[µ card]]||align="center"|µcard||32 × 24 × 1&nbsp;mm||{{partial|Unknown}} |- |[[NT Card]]||align="center"|NT NT+||44 × 24 × 2.5&nbsp;mm||{{no}} |- |[[XQD card]]||align="center"|XQD||38.5 × 29.8 × 3.8&nbsp;mm||{{partial|Unknown}} |} <gallery> Image:SD Cards.JPG|[[Secure Digital card]] (SD) Image:MiniSD memory card including adapter.jpg|[[MiniSD Card]] Image:Compactflash-512mb.png|[[CompactFlash]] (CF-I) Image:Memory Stick Front and Back.jpg|[[Memory Stick]] Image:Kingston Multi Media Card 32MB front 20040702.jpg|[[MultiMediaCard]] (MMC) <!-- Deleted image removed: Image:MicroSD vs SD.jpg|[[microSD]] (right) --> Image:Smartmedia card closeup.jpg|[[SmartMedia]] Image:XD card 16M Fujifilm front.png|[[xD-Picture Card]] (xD) </gallery> == Overview of all memory card types == {{Main|Comparison of memory cards}} * PCMCIA ATA Type I Flash Memory Card (PC Card ATA Type I) ** PCMCIA Type II, Type III cards * [[CompactFlash|CompactFlash Card]] (Type I), CompactFlash High-Speed * CompactFlash Type II, CF+(CF2.0), CF3.0 ** Microdrive * MiniCard ([[Miniature Card]]) (max 64&nbsp;MB (64 [[mebibyte|MiB]])) * SmartMedia Card (SSFDC) (max 128&nbsp;MB) (3.3&nbsp;V,5&nbsp;V) * xD-Picture Card, xD-Picture Card Type M * Memory Stick, MagicGate Memory Stick (max 128&nbsp;MB); Memory Stick Select, MagicGate Memory Stick Select ("Select" means: 2x128 MB with A/B switch) * SecureMMC * [[Secure Digital]] (SD Card), Secure Digital High-Speed, Secure Digital Plus/Xtra/etc (SD with USB connector) ** [[miniSD card]] ** [[microSD|microSD card]] (aka Transflash, T-Flash) ** SDHC * MU-Flash (Mu-Card) (Mu-Card Alliance of OMIA) * C-Flash * [[Subscriber Identity Module|SIM]] card (Subscriber Identity Module) * [[Smart card]] ([[ISO/IEC 7810]], [[ISO/IEC 7816]] card standards, etc.) * UFC ([[USB FlashCard]]) [http://www.lexar.com/ufc/] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lexar.com/ufc/ |date=20060224062747 }} (uses [[Universal Serial Bus|USB]]) * FISH Universal Transportable Memory Card Standard (uses USB) * Disk memory cards: ** [[Clik!]] (PocketZip), (40&nbsp;MB PocketZip) ** [[Floppy disk]] (32MB, [[LS120]] and [[LS240]], 2-inch, 3.5-inch, etc.) * Intelligent Stick (iStick, a USB-based flash memory card with MMS) * SxS (S-by-S) memory card, a new memory card specification developed by [[Sandisk]] and [[Sony]]. SxS complies to the [[ExpressCard]] industry standard. [http://www.dpreview.com/news/0704/07041601sxsmemorycardformat.asp] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dpreview.com/news/0704/07041601sxsmemorycardformat.asp |date=20111107015402 }} * Nexflash [http://www.winbond-usa.com/en/component/option,com_staticxt/Itemid,553/xt_item,1/staticfile,Nexflash~press_011000.htm Winbond] {{Wayback|url=http://www.winbond-usa.com/en/component/option,com_staticxt/Itemid,553/xt_item,1/staticfile,Nexflash~press_011000.htm |date=20071013124716 }} Serial Flash Module (SFM) cards, size range 1 [[millibit?|mb]], 2 mb and 4 mb. == Video game consoles == {{unreferenced|section|date=December 2011}} [[File:Memory Card for PlayStation.jpg|thumb|PlayStation memory card]] [[Video game console]]s use memory cards to hold [[saved game]] data. [[Game cartridge|Cartridge]]-based systems primarily used [[battery-backed RAM]] within each individual cartridge to hold saves for that game. The [[Neo Geo AES]], released in 1990 by [[SNK Playmore|SNK]], was the first video game console able to use a memory card. AES memory cards were also compatible with Neo-Geo MVS arcade cabinets, allowing players to migrate saves between home and arcade systems and vice versa. Memory cards became commonplace when home consoles moved to read-only [[optical disc]]s for storing the game program, beginning with systems such as the [[TurboGrafx-CD]] and [[Mega-CD]]. Until the [[sixth generation of video game consoles]], memory cards were based on [[proprietary format]]s; later systems have used established industry hardware formats for memory cards. Home consoles now commonly use [[hard disk drive]] storage for saved games. though most portable gaming systems still rely on custom memory cartridges to store program data, due to their low power consumption, smaller physical size and reduced mechanical complexity. == See also == * [[Hot swapping]] == References == [http://www.carderror.com Card Error References] {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Memory card}} {{Memory Cards}} {{Basic computer components}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Memory Card}} [[Category:Solid-state computer storage media|*Memory card]] [[Category:Video game hardware]] ldja9ga49iuj5atbxalr7219ni1jgvr 0 17732 303305 300982 2026-07-26T02:18:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303305 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:United Nations member countries world map.PNG|thumb|500px|alt=A map of the world with countries displayed in colours corresponding to the dates the countries joined the United Nations. Countries not involved with the United Nations are shown in grey.|Maabka Aduunka oo lagu muujiyay wadanada iyo wakhtiga ay ku biireen Qaramada Midoobay]] '''Taariikhda [[Qaramada Midoobay]]''' waxay ka soo bilaabantaa [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Wakhtigaas wixii ka dambeeyay xubnaha iyo shaqada ururku wuu balaadhay waxayna maanta gaadhay dhamaan caalamka oo dhan, ayada oo qarniga 21aad noqotey meel kulmisa dhamaan madaxda aduunka. Sida taariikhda lagu hayo hindisaha iyo magaca ''Qaramada Midoobay'' waxaa horaantii iska lahaa madaxweynihii wadanka [[Maraykanka]] Franklin Roosevelt wakhtigaasi oo uu rabay in lagu magacaabo xulafadii Isbaahaysiga.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |access-date=2006-09-27 |archive-date=2006-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927143158/http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Fikradaasi waxaa ku raacay Ra'iisal wasaarihii [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]] kaasi oo socdaal shaqo ku joogay cariga Maraykanka wakhtigaasi 1941. Si kastaba ha ahaatee sanadihii xigay waxaa ereyga Qaramada Midoobay aad u isticmaalayay xulafadii isbaahaysiga ee dagaalka kula jirtey [[Jarmalka]]. [[File:UnitedNations.gif|thumb|alt=A black and white motion picture of some men signing papers on a desk in the center of a huge decorated room.|Aasaasitaankii [[Qaramada Midoobay]]]] =Ku Dhawaaqida QM (1942)= Qorsheeyntii dhisitaanka ururka wuxuu bilaabmey wakhti ka horeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad taasi oo la aaminsan yahay in [[USA|Waaxda Siyaasada Maraykanka]] (US State Department) bilowday qorsheeynta arimaha ururka sanadkii 1939.<ref>Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, ''FDR and the Creation of the U.N.'' (1997) pp 1-55</ref> Maqaalkii ugu horeeyay ee ku dhawaaqida Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si wada jir ah u diyaariyay 29 Diisamber 1941 madaxweynihii Maraykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt, ra'isul-wasaaraha Boqortooyada Biritatn Winston Churchill, gacanyarahii Roosevelt Harry Hopkins, kuwaasi oo wakhtigaas ku sugnaa Aqalka Cad ee Maraykanka. Madaxweyne Roosevelt wakhtigaasi wuxuu Qaramada Midoobay ku tilmaamayay Xulafadii Isbaaheysiga Dagaalkii Labaad (Allies of World War II). Fikradan waxaa markiiba ku raacay raisal wasaarihii Boqortooyada Britayn kaasi oo isla markiiba ka hirgeliyay wadankiisa. [[File:Early United Nations official's passport from WW2 - working for UNRRA 1944.jpg|thumb|Baasaboodhkii ugu horeeyay ee Qaramada Midoobay la daabacay 1944]] Qiyaastii 1–2 Janaayo 1942, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay Qaramada Midoobay wakhtigaasi ooy saxeexeen sharciga ururkaas ilaa 26 wadan.<ref>David Roll, ''The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler'' (2013) pp 172-75</ref><ref>Robert E. Sherwood, ''Roosevelt and Hopkins, An Intimate History'' (1948) pp 447-53</ref> Badhtamigii 1945kii waxaa heshiiska saxeexay 21 wadan oo kale kuwaasi oo sii xoojijiyay hanoqaadkii ururka.<ref>{{cite book|author=Edmund Jan Osmańczyk|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: T to Z|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6AB2CadyN7QC&pg=PA2445|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=2445}}</ref> Heshiskaasi wuxuu ku bilaabmayay sidan: <blockquote> WAXAAN KU DHAWAAQAYNAA ISKU XIDHKA IYO MIDNIMADA MARAYKANKA, BOQORTOOYADA BRITAIN OO LA SOCOTO WAQOOYIGA IRELAND, MIDOWGA SOOFIYEETI, SHIINAHA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, KANADA, COSTA RICA, CUBA, JEKOSLOVAKIA, JAMHUURIYADA DOMINIKA, EL SALVADOR, GIRIIGA, GUATEMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, HINDIYA, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS, NEW ZEALAND, NICARAGUA, NORWAY, PANAMA, POLAND, KOONFUR AFRICA, YUGOSLAVIA <br> Saxeexa dowladaha ayaa hoosta kaga qornaa maqaalkaasi. <br> </blockquote> Hadaba wakhtiyadii uu socday Dagaalkii Labaad waxaa caan noqotey isticmaalka Qaramada Midoobay taasi oo laga waday Xulafada Wadanada Isbaahaystay ee kor ku soo xusnay. Marka wadan rabo inuu ururkaas Qaramada Midoobay ky biiro waxaa shardi ahayd inuu saxeexo heshiiska isla markaana dagaal ku dhawaaqo Isbaahaysigii Nasiga (Axis).<ref>Stephen C. Schlesinger, ''Act of creation: The founding of the United Nations: A story of superpowers, secret agents, wartime allies and enemies, and their quest for a peaceful world'' (2003)</ref> =Qorshaynti QM= Fikrada ah in ururka Qaramada Midoobay noqdo mid caalamka dhan ka dhexeeya waxay bilaabantey Shirkii Moosko ee 1943dii iyo Shirkii Tehraan ee isla sanadkaasi. Shir dhacay bishii Agoosto ilaa Oktoobar 1944kii ayaa wadanada [[Shiinaha]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]], iyo [[Ruushka|Midowgii Soofiyeeti]], oo ku kulmay caasimada Washington, D.C ayaa waxay ku soo saareen in ururka Qaramada Midoobay laga dhigo mid caalami ah oo u dhaxeeya wadanada aduunka dhamaantood. Is-aragyo kale iyo hadalo badan ka dib waxaa la isku raacay cida xubin ka noqon karta ururka iyo shaqooyinka uu qaban doono kuwaasi ooy ka mid ahaayeen inuu ilaaliyo nabada guud ee caalamka, horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo xidhiidhka bulshooyinka caalamka.<ref>http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/dumbarton_yalta.shtml</ref><ref>Robert C. Hilderbrand, ''Dumbarton Oaks: The Origins of the United Nations and the Search for Postwar Security'' (UNC Press, 2001)</ref> =Aasaasitaanka QM= [[File:United Nations Member States-1945.png|thumb|500px|Qaramada Midoobay 1945. Wadanada buluuga khafiifka ah waa kuwii ururka bilaabay. Kuwa buluuga jaamudka ah waa wadanada la ilaalinayay iyo la gumaysanayay]] Markeey taariikhdu ahayd Abriil 25, 1945, waxaa magaalada [[San Fransisko]] ka bilaabmay Shirkii Caalamiga ee Qaramada Midoobay halkaasi ooy ku kulmeen wadano gaadhay 50 dal iyo tiro badan oo ururo caalami ah. Hadaba 26 Juun, labo bilood ka dib markii shirka la bilaabay, ayaa 50kii wadan dhamaantood saxeexeen [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Ka dib markii ay dib u eegis ku sameeyeen wadanada Shiinaha, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Boqortooyada Biritayn, Maraykanka iyo tiro kale oo wadano ah ayaa 24 Oktoobar 1945, waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay jiritaanka '''[[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]'''.<ref>http://www.un.org/aboutun/sanfrancisco/history.html The 60th Anniversary of the San Francisco Conference</ref> Hoos waxaa ku qoran taariikhda wadanada xubinta ka ah Qaramada Midoobay ay soo gudbiyeen warqadii ogolaanshaha ururka:<ref>http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/founders.shtml</ref> * Maraykanka - 8 Aug 1945 * Faransiisk - 31 Aug 1945 * Dominican Rep. - 4 Sep 1945 * Nicaragua - 6 Sep 1945 * New Zealand - 19 Sep 1945 * Brazil - 21 Sep 1945 * Argentina - 24 Sep 1945 * El Salvador - 26 Sep 1945 * Haiti - 27 Sep 1945 * China - 28 Sep 1945 * Turkey - 28 Sep 1945 * Denmark - 9 October 1945 * Chile - 11 Oct 1945 * Philippines - 11 Oct 1945 * Paraguay - 12 Oct 1945 * Cuba - 15 Oct 1945 * Lebanon - 15 Oct 1945 * Iran - 16 Oct 1945 * Luxembourg - 17 Oct 1945 * Saudi Arabia - 18 Oct 1945 * Czechoslovakia - 19 Oct 1945 * Syria - 19 Oct 1945 * Yugoslavia - 19 Oct 1945 * UK - 20 Oct 1945 * Egypt - 22 Oct 1945 * Byelorussia - 24 Oct 1945 * Poland - 24 Oct 1945 * Ukraine - 24 Oct 1945 * Midowga Soofiyeeti - 24 Oct 1945 * Greece - 25 Oct 1945 * India - 30 Oct 1945 * Peru - 31 Oct 1945 * Australia - 1 Nov 1945 * Costa Rica - 2 Nov 1945 * Liberia - 2 Nov 1945 * Colombia - 5 Nov 1945 * Mexico - 7 Nov 1945 * South Africa - 7 Nov 1945 * Canada - 9 Nov 1945 * Panama - 13 Nov 1945 * Bolivia - 14 Nov 1945 * Venezuela - 15 Nov 1945 * Honduras - 17 Nov 1945 * Guatemala - 21 Nov 1945 * Norway - 27 Nov 1945 * Netherlands - 10 Dec 1945 * Uruguay - 18 Dec 1945 * Ecuador - 21 Dec 1945 * Iraq - 21 Dec 1945 * Belgium - 27 Dec 1945 Shirkii ugu horeeyay ee [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] wuxuu qabsoomay 10 Janaayo 1946 magaalada [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the United Nations 1941 - 1950|url=http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/1941-1950.shtml|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa ayaguna kulankii ugu horeeyay yeeshay [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/en/sc/about/ |title=What is the Security Council? |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> Ururkii [Midowga Wadanada]] wuxuu si sharci ah u baaba'ay 18 Abril 1946 waxaana hadafkii iyo mashaariicdiisii lagu wareejiyay Qaramada Midoobay. =Shaqada= Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu qabtey hoowlo aad u balaadhan; kuwaasi waxaa ugu muhiimsan horumarinta xidhiidhka bulshooyinka, daryeelida [[xuquuqda Aadamaha]], horumarinta dhaqaalaha, dabargoynta gumeysiga, [[caafimaad]]ka iyo [[waxbarasho|waxbarashasa]], daryeelka [[qoxooti]]ga iyo [[ganacsi]]ga. Rajada ugu wayn ee laga aaminsan yahay Qaramada Midoobay waa ineey baajiso (joojiso) inuu dhaco daagaal wayn (dagaalka sadexaad), kaasi oo baabi'in kara dadka iyo duunyada caalamka. =Xarumaha QM= [[File:United Nations HQ - New York City.jpg|thumb|alt=Two skyscraper buildings on the bank of a river.|Xarunta sare Qaramada Midoobay [[New York]]]][[File:Vereinte Nationen in Wien.jpg|alt=Huge complex of skyscrapers and other large buildings interlaced with trees and gardens. The surrounding area as far as the horizon is filled with trees and large rivers. In the foreground a crane and small building site show that a new construction is underway.|thumb|Dhismaha QM magaalada Fiyeena]] Badhtamihii Diisambar 1945, ayaa Golaha Guurtida Maraykanka iyo Aqalka Wakiiladu u codeeyeen in Ururuka Qaramada Midoobay laga codsado ineey [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta Sare]] ka dhisato wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Arintaasi way aqbashay Qaramada Midoobay, waxayna deegaan ka salaxatay bariga caasimada [[New York]] halkaasi oo ay ku iibsatey lacag dhan [[dollar|US $8.5 milyan]] oo ahayd lacag deeq ah. Dhismaha oo socday labo sano (1949 ilaa 1950) waxaa la furay [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] Janaayo 9, 1951, inkastoo la dhamaystiray dhismaha bishii Oktoobar 9, 1952.<ref>http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10813F7385E177B93C2A8178BD95F468585F9</ref> Inkastoo xarunta ugu muhiimsan ku taalo caasimada [[New York]], ururku wuxuu xafiisyo waaweyn ku leeyahay Jeniifa, Heeg, Fiyeena, [[Nayroobi]] iyo meelo kale oo badan. =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Wadanada Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Hayad khaas|Hay'adaha iyo Wakiilada Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[QM|Qorashaha hirgalay ee Qaramada Midoobay]] =Linkiyo Kale= * [http://www.unhistory.org/ UN Intellectual History Project] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unhistory.org/ |date=20171218202029 }} – Academic study of UN history * [http://www.timedb.com/topic/united-nations United Nations Events Timeline] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timedb.com/topic/united-nations |date=20150702191659 }} * [http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/paw/274.html Declaration by United Nations, January 1, 1942] * [http://www.unhistoryproject.org/ UN History Project] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unhistoryproject.org/ |date=20151004122754 }} {{QM}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]][[Category:Siyaasad]] [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Wadan]] [[Category:Dhul]]{{Commons|Category:History of the United Nations}} h1vqeqitfov5uw9g3oo5q8qe1b9a4mw 0 28229 303298 249147 2026-07-25T21:09:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303298 wikitext text/x-wiki Mareeg.com waa wakaalad warar oo madax banaan waxey ku soo baxdaa Luqadaha af Engiriiska iyo soomaaliga. Mareeg website waxaa loogu magac daray Magaalada qadiimka ah ee Mareeg oo ka tirsan Gobolka [[Galgduuduud]] oo dhaca bartamaha soomaaliya. Mareeg Waxey ku shaqeysaa Moqdissho soomaaliya |Cinwaanka: = [https://mareeg.com Mareeg.com] {{Wayback|url=https://mareeg.com/ |date=20191111154941 }} | Nuuceda = News Site | luqada = [[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]], [[Ingiriis (luqad)|Ingiriis]] | | Tifatiraha = John Snow |FAC = [[2004|2001]] | Hada = firfircoon | slogan = Mareeg Media <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14094550|title=Somalia profile|date=15 August 2017|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> <ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mareeg_media.jpg|Logo :Mareeg] ]|commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mareeg.com/|title=web.archive.org/mareeg|date=23 June 2003|publisher=|via=https://web.archive.org/|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=30 Bisha Todobaad 2022|archive-date=23 Bisha Lixaad 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030623022808/http://mareeg.com/|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://article.wn.com/view/2018/12/30/Somali_Telecom_block_Mareeg_Media_in_Mogadishu/|title=Somali Telecom block Mareeg Media in Mogadishu|website=article.wn.com}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.halganka.net/content/somali-telecom-block-mareeg-media-mogadishu-mareeg-media|title=Somali Telecom block Mareeg Media in Mogadishu - Mareeg Media - HALGANKA.NET|website=www.halganka.net|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2019-05-01|archive-date=2019-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423174521/http://www.halganka.net/content/somali-telecom-block-mareeg-media-mogadishu-mareeg-media|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mondotimes.com/1/world/uk/142/4217/32106|title=Mareeg - MondoTimes.com|website=www.mondotimes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-newspapers.com/somalia.html|title=Somali Newspapers and News Sites|website=www.world-newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/uae-plane-blocked-leaving-somalia-puntland-region-180415001458616.html|title=uae-plane-blocked-leaving-somalia|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/nick-turse-us-military-africom-blackballing-journalists/|title=us Militry|website=.www.thenation.com|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2019-05-01|archive-date=2019-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423122155/https://www.thenation.com/article/nick-turse-us-military-africom-blackballing-journalists/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} nzvkxi7sdlw73jwbn6n3qccrl4alaye 0 28267 303297 288085 2026-07-25T21:09:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303297 wikitext text/x-wiki Mareeg.com waa wakaalad warar oo madax banaan waxey ku soo baxdaa Luqadaha Engiriiska iyo soomaaliga. Mareeg website waxaa loogumagac daray Magaalada Qadiimiga ah ee Mareeg ee gobolka galgaduud. Wargayska Mareeg wuxuu ka howlgalaa Magaala Madaxda soomaaliya ee Moqdisho. |Cinwaanka: = Mareeg.com | Nuuceda = News Site |Cinwaanka: = [https://Mareeg.com Mareeg.com] {{Wayback|url=https://mareeg.com/ |date=20191111154941 }} | luqada = Soomaali, Ingiriis | Tifatiraha = Abdirisak Mohamed Tuuryare iyo Mudane A warsame |FAC = 2001 |Logo = |Hada = firfircoon |slogan = Mareeg Media | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14094550|title=Somalia profile|date=15 August 2017|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> <ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mareeg_media.jpg|Logo :Mareeg] ]|commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mareeg.com/|title=web.archive.org/mareeg|date=23 June 2003|publisher=|via=https://web.archive.org/|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=30 Bisha Todobaad 2022|archive-date=23 Bisha Lixaad 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030623022808/http://mareeg.com/|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://article.wn.com/view/2018/12/30/Somali_Telecom_block_Mareeg_Media_in_Mogadishu/|title=Somali Telecom block Mareeg Media in Mogadishu|website=article.wn.com}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.halganka.net/content/somali-telecom-block-mareeg-media-mogadishu-mareeg-media|title=Somali Telecom block Mareeg Media in Mogadishu - Mareeg Media - HALGANKA.NET|website=www.halganka.net|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2019-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423174521/http://www.halganka.net/content/somali-telecom-block-mareeg-media-mogadishu-mareeg-media|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mondotimes.com/1/world/uk/142/4217/32106|title=Mareeg - MondoTimes.com|website=www.mondotimes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-newspapers.com/somalia.html|title=Somali Newspapers and News Sites|website=www.world-newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/uae-plane-blocked-leaving-somalia-puntland-region-180415001458616.html|title=uae-plane-blocked-leaving-somalia|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/nick-turse-us-military-africom-blackballing-journalists/|title=us Militry|website=.www.thenation.com|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=2019-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423122155/https://www.thenation.com/article/nick-turse-us-military-africom-blackballing-journalists/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ny818berykhx9hz3l6dyrj5ajjnet09 0 42767 303290 292912 2026-07-25T15:06:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Horufadhi | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Magaalo | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Togdheer#Somalia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Soomaaliya | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Khatumo}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmo]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Buuhoodle|Buuhoodle]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|8|34|35|N|46|24|10|E|region:SO-TO|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Horufadhi''' (Hor-u-fadhi, Horu-fadi,) waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Togdheer]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] oo hoos timaada [[Degmada Buuhoodle]]. ==Taariikhda== Horufadhi waxa lagu sheegay Horufaadi buug lagu daabacay dalka Ingriiska sanadkii 1951. 30  Sida ku cad sahankan, reer guuraaga laanta Solemadu ee Habr Jeclo , beesha Isaaq iyo Yaxya, Caligherri iyo Hagar Aadan ee beesha Reer-Darawiish waxay isticmaali jireen ceelasha Horufadhi xilliyada jiilaalka. 165, 166  Bishii Janaayo 2012, maleeshiyaad hore oo fallaago ahaa oo fadhigoodu ahaa Horufadhi iyo meelo kale ayaa ku biiray ciidanka Somaliland. Bishii Febraayo 2015, ciidamada Somaliland ayaa weerar ku qaaday maleeshiyaad ku sugnaa Horufadhi oo qeyb ka ahaa xiisada kala dhexeysa maamulka Khaatumo . Bishii March 2016, xubno ka socday dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya ayaa booqday deegaanka Ceegaag , taasoo keentay in dawladda Somaliland saldhig ciidan ka samaysato inta u dhaxaysa Ceegaag iyo Horufadhi. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin bishii April 2016 ka soo baxday degmada Buuhoodle ayaa laga cuni jiray dalagyada ka baxa koonfurta Soomaaliya, balse waxa ay aad ugu tiirsanayd wax-soo-saarka gudaha ee magaalooyinka sida Horufadhi. Bishii Luulyo 2017, Horufadhi waxay ka mid ahayd goobihii uu ka dillaacay cudurka daacuunka ee gobolka Togdheer, waxaana loo fidiyay gargaar caafimaad oo caalami ah. Bishii Sebtembar 2017, dawladda Puntland ayaa isku dayday in ay raashin mucaawino ah u soo dirto magaalooyinka ay abaaruhu saameeyeen oo ay ka mid tahay Horufadhi, balse dawladda Somaliland ayaa kolonyadaas ku xanibtay Laascaanood . 14kii Luulyo 2020, ciidamada amniga Somaliland ee Buuhoodle ayaa hor istaagay wafdi wasiiro ah oo ka socda Puntland oo soo galayay Horufadhi. Dhacdadan ayaa hoosta ka xarriiqaysa sheegashada maamul ee lagu muransan yahay ee ka taagan deegaanka. Laga bilaabo Agoosto 2025, gobolka oo ay ku jirto Horufadhi waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inuu ka tirsan yahay Gobolka Waqooyi Bari (SSC-Khaatumo), kaasoo ay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya u aqoonsatay inuu xubin ka yahay Federaalka. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqa qabiil=== Dagaalo u dhexeeya beelaha Reer-Darawiish gaar ahaan Hayaag , Hagar iyo Jaamac Siyaad ayaa marar badan ka dhacay deegaanka Horufadhi. Iska horimaadyadan ayaa mararka qaarkood isku bedelay gacan ka hadal dhimasho iyo dhaawac leh, waxaana xigay shirar nabadeed ama dhexdhexaadin dowladeed. Abtirsiinyada qabiilku guud ahaan waxa lagu tiriyaa sidatan. *[[Reer-Darawiish]] *Maxamuud Garaad *Hayaag *Hagar *Jaamac Siyaad {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taariikhda !! Goobta !! Dhacdo/Sharaxaad |- | April 2013 || Degmada Horufadhi || Hal qof ayaa ku dhintay dagaal dhex maray Jaamac Siyaad iyo Hagar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Khasaaraha Dagaal laba beelood oo Walaalo ku dhex-maray Deegaanka Horufadhi ee Degmada Buuhoodle |newspaper=somalilandpost.net |date=2013-04-25 |url=https://somalilandpost.net/khasaaraha-dagaal-laba-beelood-oo-walaalo-ku-dhex-maray-deegaanka-horufadhi-ee-degmada-buuhoodle/ |accessdate=2022-03-20 }}</ref> |- | December 2019 || Degmada Horufadhi|| Dil ayaa ka dhashay dagaal beeleed ka dhacay magaalada.<ref>{{Cite news |title=XIISAD KA TAAGAN DEGAANKA HORU-FADHI EE GOBOLKA CAYN |newspaper=puntlandpost.net |date=2019-12-23 |url=https://puntlandpost.net/2019/12/23/xiisad-ka-taagan-degaanka-horu-fadhi-ee-gobolka-cayn/ |accessdate=2022-03-21 }}</ref> |- | June 2020 || Horufadhi || Booqashada Wasiirka Hawlaha Guud iyo Guryeynta Somaliland, ujeeddadiisuna tahay xalinta colaadaha beelaha.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wefti Uu Hogaaminayo Wasiirka Hawlaha Guud Oo Lagu Soo Dhaweeyay Horufadhi |newspaper=wargeyskadawan.com |date=2020-06-09 |url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/06/09/wefti-uu-hogaaminayo-wasiirka-hawlaha-guud-oo-lagu-soo-dhaweeyay-horufadhi/ |accessdate=2022-03-20 }}</ref> |- | 5 July 2020 || Degmada Horufadhi|| Ugu yaraan laba qof ayaa ku dhintay dagaalka u dhexeeya beelaha Hayaag iyo Hagar; Badhasaabka Sool oo baaq nabadeed soo saaray.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Sool oo baaq nabadeed u diray beello ku dagaalamay Horufadhi |newspaper=wargeyskadawan.co |date=2020-07-05 |url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/07/05/guddoomiyaha-gobolka-sool-oo-baaq-nabadeed-u-diray-beello-ku-dagaalamay-horufadhi/ |accessdate=2022-03-20 }}</ref> |- | 20 July 2020 || Horufadhi || Shirkii Nabadaynta ee Hayaag iyo Hagar ayaa la soo gebagebeeyey, iyadoo laga soo saaray go’aamo qoraal ah.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Qodobo laga soo saaray Nabadeynta Beelaha Hagar iyo Hayaag |newspaper=wargeyskadawan.com |date=2020-07-20 |url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/07/20/qodobo-laga-soo-saaray-babadeynta-beelaha-hagar-iyo-hayaag/ |accessdate=2022-03-20 }}</ref> |- | August 2020 || [[Sahdheer]] || Kulan kale oo dib u heshiisiin ah oo ay ka qeyb galeen beelaha Hayaag iyo Hagar ayaa la qabtay.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shir-nabadeed Ka Furmay Degmada Saax-dheer Ee Gobolka Sool |newspaper=wargeyskadawan.com |date=2020-08-04 |url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/08/04/shir-nabadeed-ka-furmay-degmada-saax-dheer-ee-gobolka-sool/ |accessdate=2022-03-20 }}</ref> |} ==Dad xusid mudan== Garaad C/laahi Garaad Soofe Oo Ka Mid Ah Cuqaasha Beesha Reer-Darwiish . Waxa uu ku dhashay Horufadhi iyo hooyo u dhalatay beesha Waacays Aadan. Cabdinaasir Xaaji Axmed , Sheekh iyo aqoonyahan (1957-2022) ==Tixraac== [https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ "Sahan guud oo lagu sameeyey maxmiyadda Somaliland 1944-1950"] [https://unpo.org/article/13716 "Somaliland: Jabhadihii Hore Oo Ku Biiray Ciidanka Dawladda"] {{Wayback|url=https://unpo.org/article/13716 |date=20230526010758 }} [https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/dagaal-ka-dhacay-duleedka-degmada-buuhoodle "Duleedka degmada Buuhoodle oo lagu dhuftay"] [https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2016/mar/wararka_maanta11-95136.htm "Xiisad ka taagan go'aamada u dhexeeya degmada Buuhoodle iyo magaalada Laascaanood (Sawiro)"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/weekly-update-cholera-somalia-18-july-2017 "Warbixin toddobaadle ah - Daacuunka Soomaaliya, 18 Luulyo 2017"] [https://www.qurbejoog.com/raashin-puntland-ugu-deeqday-dad-reer-somaliland-ah-oo-lagu-xanibay-gobolka-sool/ "Raashin Puntland Ugu Deeqday Dad Reer Somaliland"] [https://www.radiodalsan.com/somalias-new-north-east-state-parliament-announced-83-mps-appointed-in-historic-power-shift/ "Baarlamaanka Cusub Ee Gobolka Waqooyi Bari Ee Soomaaliya Oo Lagu Dhawaaqay"] [https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/07/05/guddoomiyaha-gobolka-sool-oo-baaq-nabadeed-u-diray-beello-ku-dagaalamay-horufadhi/ " Maamulka Gobolka Sool oo baaq nabadeed u diray beello ku dhuftay Horufadhi"] [https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/07/20/qodobo-laga-soo-saaray-babadeynta-beelaha-hagar-iyo-hayaag/ "Qodobo laga soo saaray Nabadeynta Beelaha Hagar iyo Hayaag"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230526164201/http://aftahannews.com/archives/16192%20%20news "Qaabka uu u dhacay Caaskii Garaad C/laahi Garaad Soofe oo Laysaga Yimid meelo Badan"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=9353700&fid=5770&c=somalia Horufadhi] m8m795neol6n7x4fml9vzb5xatqqpuf 0 45454 303285 291412 2026-07-25T12:32:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | bgcolour = | name = Garth Erasmus | image = Garth-erasmus-villa-stuck-2025.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Garth Erasmus (2025) | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|04|12}} | death_date = | nationality = Koonfur Afrika | field = | training = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | birth_place = [[Eastern Cape, South Africa]] | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Rhodes]] | education = Dugsiga Sare ee Paterson, Kulliyadda Tababarka Hewat }} '''Garth Erasmus''' (wuxuu ku dhashay Abriil 12, 1956, gudaha Uitenhage , Eastern Cape , Koonfur Afrika ) waa farshaxane Koonfur Afrikaan ah oo ka shaqeeya dhowr warbaahin, oo uu ku jiro rinjiyeynta . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Waxa uu dhiganayay Dugsiga Sare ee Paterson ee Port Elizabeth ka dibna waxa uu ka qayb galay barnaamijka tababarka macalimiinta ee Hewat Training College ee Cape Town. Markii dambe waxa uu dhiganayay Jaamacadda Rhodes , oo uu aasaasay ururka fannaaniinta bulshada ee Vakalisa Arts Associates ee Cape Wuxuu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Thupelo Workshop intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii ==Tixraac== [https://africa.si.edu/collections/view/people/asitem/items@null:1126/0?t:state:flow=ecb7beaa-7b4f-4ea7-b42c-dc3e78abe425 "Bio at Smithsonian National Museum of African Art"] [http://asai.co.za/artist/garth-erasmus/ Taariikh-nololeed ballaadhan] {{Wayback|url=http://asai.co.za/artist/garth-erasmus/ |date=20260106155157 }} ayqqzbfjiqzg3gdrspciarks5vvclvp 0 46768 303294 293812 2026-07-25T18:25:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Ken Howery | image = United States Ambassador to Denmark Kenneth Alan Howery.jpg | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025 | office = Safiirka 27-aad ee [[United States Ambassador to Denmark|Maraykanka u fadhiya Denmark]] | president = [[Donald Trump]] | term_start = Nofeembar 5, 2025<ref>https://x.com/USAmbDenmark/status/1986448200660602935?t=r3lQ7MUiOg6h4FnUend9rw&s=19</ref> | term_end = | predecessor = [[Alan M. Leventhal]] | successor = | office1 = [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Sweden|Safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden]] | president1 = [[Donald Trump]] | term_start1 = Nofeembar 7, 2019 | term_end1 = Janaayo 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Azita Raji]] | successor1 = [[Erik Ramanathan]] | birthname = Kenneth Alan Howery | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1975|11|4}} | alma_mater = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | known_for = Aasaase iyo [[chief financial officer|CFO]]-gii [[PayPal]]; Aasaase iyo bahwadaag ka tirsan [[Founders Fund]] }} ​'''Kenneth Alan Howery''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊər|i}}; dhashay Nofeembar 4, 1975) waa ganacsade iyo diblamaasi Maraykan ah. Waa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaashii [[PayPal]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kelly|first=Makena|date=2018-10-16|title=Peter Thiel associate named as ambassador to Sweden|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/16/17986500/peter-thiel-ken-howery-trump-ambassador-sweden-paypal|access-date=2020-08-04|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref> iyo [[Founders Fund]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ken Howery|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ken-howery/|access-date=2020-08-04|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> Wuxuu ahaa [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Sweden|safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden]] intii u dhaxaysay 2019 ilaa 2021 xilligii Madaxweyne [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/utrikes/usa-s-ambassador-i-sverige-har-lamnat-in-sin-avskedsansokan|title=USA:s ambassadör i Sverige har lämnat in avskedsansökan|date=January 13, 2021|work=SVT|access-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref> ​Diseembar 22, 2024, Madaxweynaha la doortay Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay damaciisa ah inuu Howery u magacaabo safiirka xiga ee [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Denmark|Maraykanka u fadhiya Denmark]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Schleifer |first=Theodore |date=2025-01-16 |title=Trump Picks a Jet-Setting Pal of Elon Musk to Go Get Greenland |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/16/us/politics/elon-musk-donald-trump-greenland.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Oktoobar 7, 2025, magacaabista waxaa xaqiijiyay Aqalka Sare (Senate).<ref>{{cite web |title=PN54-3 - Nomination of Kenneth Howery for Department of State, 119th Congress (2025-2026) |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/119th-congress/54/3 |website=www.congress.gov |access-date=9 October 2025 |date=7 October 2025}}</ref> ​ ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Howery wuxuu ku dhashay 1975 gobolka Texas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://student.portal.chalmers.se/sv/aktuelllt/Sidor/USAs-ambassad%C3%B6r-bes%C3%B6ker-Chalmers.aspx|title=The U.S. Ambassador visits Chalmers|date=January 9, 2020|access-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/116th-congress/127|title=PN127 116th Congress|date=September 17, 2019|access-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref> Ka dib wuxuu ka qalin-jabiyay [[Stanford University]] sanadkii 1998 isagoo qaatay shahaadada BA ee cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Intii uu Stanford joogay, wuxuu ahaa tifaftiraha maamulka ee ''[[The Stanford Review]]'', oo ah wargeys ardaydu maamulaan oo uu aasaasay [[Peter Thiel]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://stanfordreview.org/life-after-the-stanford-review-by-anthony-mainero|title=Life After the Stanford Review|date=February 10, 2012|work=The Stanford Review|access-date=February 16, 2018}}</ref> ​ == Shaqada == Isla sanadkii uu qalin-jabiyay, wuxuu la aasaasay [[PayPal]] isaga iyo [[Peter Thiel]], [[Luke Nosek]], [[Elon Musk]], iyo [[Max Levchin]]. Kooxda aasaasayaasha ah waxay caan ku noqdeen magaca [[PayPal Mafia]], oo ay ku jireen saaxiibbo kale iyo maalgashadayaashii hore. 1998 ilaa 2002, Howery wuxuu ahaa [[chief financial officer|CFO]]-ga PayPal. Ka dib markii [[eBay]] ay iibsatay PayPal sanadkii 2002, Howery wuxuu ahaa Agaasimaha Horumarinta Shirkadda ee eBay ilaa 2003. Howery wuxuu dib ugu biiray Thiel sanadkii 2004 shirkadda [[Clarium Capital Management]], halkaas oo uu ka ahaa madaxweyne ku xigeenka qaybta maalgashiga gaarka ah, iyo xubin ka tirsan kooxaha cilmi-baarista iyo ganacsiga.<ref>https://www.generalist.com/p/founders-fund-1 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref> ​Maarso 2012, [[World Economic Forum]] waxay Howery u magacawday Hoggaamiye Caalami ah oo Da' yar (Young Global Leader),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/YGL12/WEF_YGL_HonoureesClass_2012.pdf|title=List of 2012 Young Global Leaders Honourees|date=July 20, 2012|website=World Economic Forum|access-date=February 16, 2018}}</ref> oo ah bulsho ka kooban "rag iyo haween maskax bulsho leh oo la doortay iyagoo ka yar 40 sano, kuwaas oo u shaqeeya sidii xoog wanaagga u adeega si looga gudbo caqabadaha hortaagan horumarka."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/communities/young-global-leaders|title=Young Global Leaders|website=World Economic Forum|access-date=2017-07-28}}</ref> Sidoo kale waa xubin ka tirsan Guddiga Xulashada ee Barnaamijka Tiknoolajiyadda Hormuudka ah (Technology Pioneers Program) ee Madasha Dhaqaalaha Adduunka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.kiva.org/about/team/advisors|title=Board and Advisors {{!}} Kiva|website=blog.kiva.org|access-date=2017-07-28|archive-date=2017-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729000820/https://blog.kiva.org/about/team/advisors|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​Sanadkii 2005, Howery iyo Thiel, oo uu la socdo saaxiibkiisii PayPal ee Nosek, waxay bilaabeen [[Founders Fund]], oo ah shirkad maalgashi oo fadhigeedu yahay San Francisco oo maamusha in ka badan $3 bilyan, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa aasaase iyo bahwadaag. Wuxuu xubin ka soo noqday guddiyada [[Quantcast]] iyo [[Zocdoc|ZocDoc]]. Sanadkii 2010, Venture Capital Journal waxay Howery u magacawday mid ka mid ah 10-ka qof ee ugu sarreeya ee maalgashadayaasha (VCs) ee ka yar 36 sano.<ref name="ken">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/small-business/2010/08/02/hot-prospects-top-10-vcs-under-36|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803120203/http://blogs.reuters.com/small-business/2010/08/02/hot-prospects-top-10-vcs-under-36/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 3, 2010|title=Hot prospects: Top 10 VCs under 36|publisher=Reuters|author=Staff|date=August 2, 2010}}</ref> Wuxuu casharro ka bixiyay ganacsiga ee [[Harvard Business School]] iyo [[Stanford University|Stanford]], wuxuuna ka caawiyay ardayda [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] iyo [[McCombs School of Business]] inay horumariyaan moodallo ganacsi. ​Howery waa xubin ka tirsan [[The Explorers Club]], oo ah koox aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo dhiirrigelisa sahaminta cilmiga ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://magazine.ivy.com/2016/10/ken-howery-2|title=Behind the Scenes with PayPal Co-Founder Ken Howery|date=October 11, 2016|work=IVY MAGAZINE|access-date=August 15, 2017|archive-date=August 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815103911/http://magazine.ivy.com/2016/10/ken-howery-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​Howery waa la-taliye u ah Kiva, oo ah urur samafal oo 501(c)(3) ah kaas oo dadka u saamaxaya inay internetka amaah lacageed u mariyaan ganacsatada dakhliga yar iyo ardayda ku sugan in ka badan 80 waddan. Wuxuu xubin ka yahay [[U.S. Council on Competitiveness]], oo leh ujeeddo cad oo ah kordhinta tartanka dhaqaale ee Maraykanka ee suuqa caalamiga ah.<ref name=":0" /> ​Hantida saafiga ah ee Howery waxay gaaraysaa $1.5 bilyan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-02-01|title=PayPal net worth has surpassed parent company eBay - Compelo|url=https://www.ns-businesshub.com/popular/paypal-net-worth/|access-date=2020-06-17|website=NS Business|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617092232/https://www.ns-businesshub.com/popular/paypal-net-worth/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​ === Diblamaasiyadda === ​ ==== Boqortooyada Sweden ==== [[File:Ambassador Ken Howery Swearing-In.jpg|thumb|Ken Howery oo si rasmi ah loogu dhaarinayo Safiirka Maraykanka ee Boqortooyada Sweden.]] Janaayo 16, 2019, Howery waxaa magacaabay [[Donald Trump|Madaxweyne Donald Trump]] si uu u noqdo Safiirka Gaarka ah iyo Wakiilka Buuxa ee Maraykanka ee Boqortooyada Sweden.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations Sent to the Senate|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/nominations-sent-senate/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=The White House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20190529/sweden-one-step-closer-to-getting-a-us-ambassador-after-a-28-month-wait|title=Sweden one step closer to getting a US ambassador – after more than two years|date=May 29, 2019|website=www.thelocal.se}}</ref> Ka dib dhageysiga xaqiijinta ee May 16, 2019, Guddiga Xiriirka Dibadda ee Aqalka Sare ayaa si wanaagsan u soo gudbiyay magacaabista Howery, waxaana Aqalka Sare uu xaqiijiyay Howery bishii Sebtembar 17, 2019, isagoo helay codad gaaraya 62–32.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=1&vote=00285|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 116th Congress - 1st Session|website=www.senate.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PN127 — Kenneth A. Howery — Department of State |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/116th-congress/127 |website=Congress.gov |date=17 September 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> Dhageysigii xaqiijintiisa, Howery wuxuu sheegay in mudnaantiisa safiirnimo ay ku jiri doonto raadinta xiriir dhaqaale iyo mid ganacsi oo ballaaran, horumarinta ballanqaadyada amniga ee labada dhinac, iyo dhiirrigelinta fursadaha sayniska, tiknoolajiyadda iyo ganacsiga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement of Kenneth A. Howery |url=https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/051619_Howery_Testimony.pdf |website=Senate Foreign Relations Committee |access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> ​Howery waxaa loo dhaariyay safiir ahaan bishii Oktoobar 10, 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ambassador Kenneth A. Howery|url=http://se.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=U.S. Embassy in Sweden|language=en-US}}</ref> wuxuuna waraaqihiisa aqoonsiga u gudbiyay [[Carl XVI Gustaf|Boqor Carl XVI Gustaf]] bishii Nofeembar 7, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The King receives foreign ambassadors - Sveriges Kungahus|url=https://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/latestnews/2019/2019/thekingreceivesforeignambassadors.5.4f00651a16e3a89c9d018d7.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=www.kungahuset.se|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111211242/https://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/latestnews/2019/2019/thekingreceivesforeignambassadors.5.4f00651a16e3a89c9d018d7.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​Safiir ahaan, Howery wuxuxu firfircoonaa dhinacyo badan oo siyaasadeed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title="USA:s och Sveriges militära samarbete har aldrig varit tätare än under Trump"|url=https://www.dn.se/sverige/usas-och-sveriges-militara-samarbete-har-aldrig-varit-tatare-an-under-trump/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=[[Dagens Nyheter]]|language=sv}}</ref> Howery wuxuu la xiriiray mas'uuliyiinta Sweden arrimaha difaaca iyo istaraatiijiyadda milatariga, oo ay ku jirto cadaadiska lagu kordhinayo is-waafajinta nidaamyada milatariga Maraykanka iyo Sweden.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Brussels|first=Michael M. Phillips in Gotland, Sweden, and James Marson in|date=2021-01-05|title=Russian Aggression Spurs Neighbors to Rebuild Defenses|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-aggression-spurs-neighbors-to-rebuild-defenses-11609859853|access-date=2021-02-16|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-01-20|title=A Farewell Message from Ambassador Howery|url=http://se.usembassy.gov/a-farewell-message-from-ambassador-howery/|access-date=2021-02-16|website=U.S. Embassy in Sweden|language=en-US}}</ref> Sidoo kale wuxuu u dooday ujeeddada fog ee Maraykanka ee ah kordhinta kharashka difaaca Yurub; Sweden waxay ansixisay 40% koror ah kharashka difaaca muddo shan sano ah intii Howery xilka hayay - kororkii ugu weynaa muddo ka badan 70 sano.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=Associated Press|date=2020-12-15|title=Sweden ups defense budget 40% due to regional tensions|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2020/12/15/sweden-ups-defense-budget-40-due-to-regional-tensions/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Defense News|language=en-US}}</ref> Madaxweyne Trump ayaa markii dambe ammaanay hoggaanka Howery ee kordhinta difaaca, amniga, iyo iskaashiga dhaqaale ee u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Sweden, isagoo yiri "wuxuu qarankeenna ugu adeegay si heer sare ah," isagoo safiir ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Truth Social |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/113698764270730405 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> ​Howery wuxuu si xooggan u taageeray tiknoolajiyadda nadiifka ah ee [[5G]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Piauger|first=Alexander|date=2020-01-23|title=USA:s ambassadör om Kinas investeringar i Göteborg: "Det kan ni få ångra"|url=http://www.gp.se/1.22909257|access-date=2020-12-22|website=gp.se|language=sv}}</ref> isagoo dhiirrigelinaya booska rasmiga ah ee [[United States Department of State|Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Maraykanka]] oo dhiirrigelisa isticmaalka qalabka ay samaysay shirkadda Sweden ee [[Ericsson]] kuna adkaysata in alaabta ay samaysay [[Huawei]] ay khatar amni ku tahay demoqraadiyadda. Howery wuxuu la kulmay mas'uuliyiin sare oo u dhashay Sweden isagoo kala hadlay [[Concerns over Chinese involvement in 5G wireless networks|amniga 5G]] bishii Sebtembar, 2020,<ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1303787634037264385|date=9 September 2020|title=Secure 5G, Arctic issues, and eastern Europe are just some of the issues the U.S. and Sweden cooperate on hand-in-hand. Thanks @SweMFA State Secretary Rydberg and @SweAmericas Head Veronika Wand-Danielsson (@AmbVWD) for a great discussion.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909201043/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1303787634037264385|archive-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> Sweden ayaana markaas ka dib ku dhawaaqday mamnuucidda qalabka ka yimaada shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ee Huawei iyo [[ZTE]] ee shabakaddeeda 5G.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Soderpalm|first=Supantha Mukherjee, Helena|date=2020-10-20|title=Sweden bans Huawei, ZTE from upcoming 5G networks|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sweden-huawei-int-idUSKBN2750WA|access-date=2020-12-22}}</ref> ​Howery wuxuu sidoo kale dhiirrigeliyay iskaashiga kor loo qaaday, oo ay ku jiraan arrimaha amniga, ee u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Sweden ee gobolka [[Arctic]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-19|title=DEBATT: "Ryssland och Kina skapar risker i Arktis"|language=sv|work=Svenska Dagbladet|url=https://www.svd.se/ryssland-och-kina-skapar-risker-i-arktis|access-date=2020-12-22|issn=1101-2412}}</ref> Oktoobar 2020, Sweden waxay daabacday Istaraatiijiyadeedii ugu horreysay ee cusub ee Arctic muddo toban sano ah, iyadoo iftiimisay walaacyada ku saabsan xumaanshaha xiriirka caalamiga ah iyo kororka dhaqdhaqaaqa milatariga ee Arctic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Regeringskansliet|first=Regeringen och|date=2020-11-10|title=Sweden's strategy for the Arctic region 2020|url=https://www.government.se/information-material/2020/11/swedens-strategy-for-the-arctic-region-2020/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Regeringskansliet|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bye|first=Text Hilde-Gunn|title=Sweden Launches New Arctic Strategy|url=https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/sweden-launches-new-arctic-strategy|access-date=2020-12-22|website=www.highnorthnews.com|language=en}}</ref> U doodistiisa Arctic waxaa ka mid ahaa gacan ka gaysashada samaynta iskaashi dhex mara Hindisaha Arctic ee [[Harvard Kennedy School|Harvard Kennedy School of Government]] iyo [[Luleå University of Technology]] ee Sweden.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arctic Innovation Lab: New Ideas For a Better Arctic|url=https://www.belfercenter.org/event/arctic-innovation-lab-new-ideas-better-arctic|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|date=9 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ​Maaddaama Sweden ay u adeegto sidii [[protecting power|quwad difaac]] u ah Maraykanka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya,<ref>{{Cite web|title=North Korea International Travel Information|url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/KoreaDemocraticPeoplesRepublicof.html|access-date=2021-02-16|website=travel.state.gov|archive-date=2019-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820120354/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/KoreaDemocraticPeoplesRepublicof.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Howery wuxuu ka shaqeeyay inuu ilaaliyo marin isgaarsiineed oo xooggan oo loogu talagalay dadaalka hub ka dhigista nukliyeerka, wuxuuna kala shaqeeyay mas'uuliyiinta Sweden sidii looga hortagi lahaa macluumaadka khaldan, loona dhiirrigelin lahaa demoqraadiyadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, ganacsiga xorta ah, iyo amniga gobolka.<ref name=":1" /> ​Howery wuxuu u dooday muhiimadda hufnaanta iyo wadaagga macluumaadka ee dalalka u dhexeeya si looga jawaabo si wax ku ool ah [[COVID-19 pandemic|faafitaanka COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DEBATT. USA:s ambassadör: Vi must be united in the fight against corona|url=https://www.expressen.se/debatt/usas-ambassador-vi-maste-forenas-i-kampen-mot-corona/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=www.expressen.se|date=2 April 2020 |language=sv}}</ref> Wuxuu hoggaamiyay dadaallada Safaaradda Maraykanka ee Stockholm si looga caawiyo shirkadda Sweden ee [[Getinge Group|Getinge]] arrimaha silsiladda sahayda, isagoo ka caawiyay inay ballaariso soo saarista qalabka neefsashada (ventilators) ee loogu talagalay bukaannada COVID-19 ee Maraykanka iyo adduunka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Remarks for the October 1, 2020 SACC-USA Executive Forum|url=https://se.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/remarks-for-the-october-1-2020-sacc-usa-executive-forum/|url-status=live|access-date=2020-12-22|website=U.S. Embassy in Sweden|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113131339/https://se.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/remarks-for-the-october-1-2020-sacc-usa-executive-forum/|archive-date=2021-01-13|language=en-US}}</ref> ​Howery wuxuu xiriir la sameeyay bulshada akadeemiyadda ee Sweden, oo ay ku jirto doorka jaamacaduhu ka ciyaari karaan ganacsiga iyo muhiimadda daacadnimada akadeemiyadeed.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-14|title=US Ambassador Kenneth Howery highlights the university's importance for entrepreneurship - Luleå University of Technology|url=https://www.ltu.se/ltu/media/news/USA-s-ambassador-Kenneth-Howery-lyfter-universitetets-betydelse-for-entreprenorskap-1.195935?l=en|access-date=2020-12-22|website=www.ltu.se|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112142316/https://www.ltu.se/ltu/media/news/USA-s-ambassador-Kenneth-Howery-lyfter-universitetets-betydelse-for-entreprenorskap-1.195935?l=en|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1336325405968482311|date=8 December 2020|title=Delighted to have leaders of several of Sweden's top universities join me for a wide-ranging discussion today with @STASatState Dr. Mung Chiang about ensuring academic integrity while promoting cutting-edge research.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119135102/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1336325405968482311|archive-date=19 January 2021}}</ref> Wuxuu wacyigelin u sameeyay bulshooyinka ganacsiga ee Maraykanka iyo Sweden ee ku sugan Sweden,<ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1318502030663684097|date=20 October 2020|title=Enjoyed talking about #entrepreneurship and #innovation with #Malmö tech investor Hampus Jakobsson (@hajak) at Malmö Business Day.|archive-url=https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1318502030663684097|archive-date=19 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1228246870729854976|date=14 February 2020|title=Impressed by @SSAB_AB's innovative initiatives to pilot (and eventually scale up) carbon free steel production. Also excited to find out how SSAB Americas is bringing their technology to #Iowa and #Alabama. Private sector innovation will lead the way.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214100426/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1228246870729854976|archive-date=14 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1219984425527730177|date=22 January 2020|title=Thank you to Henrik Henriksson and the entire team at @scaniagroup in #Södertälje for a wonderful day learning about #Scania!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119135406/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1219984425527730177|archive-date=19 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1217374098025779200|date=15 January 2020|title=Honored to be invited to @AstraZeneca incubator, @BioVentureHub, which houses some fascinating bio- and medtech startups. I hope to see them invested in the U.S. one day soon!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115121911/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1217374098025779200|archive-date=15 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1204030334767112193|date=9 December 2019|title=Thanks to @Ericsson CEO Börje Ekholm for showing me how Ericsson provides secure 5G technology to networks around the world. #USSwedishTrade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209134232/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1204030334767112193|archive-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> oo ay ku jirto khudbado uu ka jeediyay Rugta Ganacsiga ee Swedish-American iyo Rugta Ganacsiga ee Maraykanka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXECUTIVE FORUM 2020 [WASHINGTON, D.C.]|url=https://www.sacc-ne.org/event/2020/10/1/executive-forum-2020-washington-dc|access-date=2020-12-22|website=SACC-NE|date=October 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Conversation with Ambassador Kenneth A. Howery|url=https://www.amcham.se/calendar/2020/5/14/a-conversation-with-ambassador-kenneth-a-howery|access-date=2020-12-22|website=American Chamber of Commerce in Sweden|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112032919/https://www.amcham.se/calendar/2020/5/14/a-conversation-with-ambassador-kenneth-a-howery|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sidoo kale wuxuu xiriir la sameeyay machadyada cilmi-baarista sayniska ee ugu sarreeya Sweden, jardiinooyinka sayniska, iyo Wakaaladda Hal-abuurka ee Sweden.<ref>{{Cite tweet|author=European Spallation Source|author-link=European Spallation Source|user=essneutron|number=1318514303025225730|date=20 October 2020|title=We were happy to host the US Ambassador to Sweden on site yesterday! We look forward to seeing you at #ESSneutron again soon @USAmbSweden!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=MAX IV Laboratory|author-link=MAX IV Laboratory|user=MAXIVLaboratory|number=1318448905009418241|date=20 October 2020|title=We are glad and honored to have welcomed @USAmbSweden to @MAXIVLaboratory. No one better than our director Ian McNulty could showcase the great potential of the world's brightest source of #xray and the opportunities for #research and #collaboration.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1318905114246131712|date=21 October 2020|title=Exciting to see some of the cutting-edge life science work going on @MedeonSP and Open Lab #Skåne this morning; hope some of these firms will consider investing in and partnering with the United States soon.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021132230/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1318905114246131712|archive-date=21 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Lindholmen Science Park|author-link=Lindholmen Science Park|user=Lindholmen|number=1219631267521748992|date=21 January 2020|title=Här är ett förevigat ögonblick från det intressanta och givande besöket med ambassadör Ken Howery @USAmbSweden. #gbgftw #lindholmensciencepark #Sweden #collaboration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1236927009256865792|date=9 March 2020|title=Interesting briefing by @vinnovase DG Darja Isaksson (@darjaisaksson) on their operations, strategic innovation programs and activities in the U.S.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309082203/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1236927009256865792|archive-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> ​Iyadoo laga jawaabayo baaqyada sii kordhaya ee ku biirista Sweden ee NATO ka dib [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|duullaankii buuxay ee Ruushku ku qaaday Ukraine]] bishii Febraayo 2022, Howery wuxuu qoray maqaal ra'yi ah isagoo leh duullaankii Ukraine wuxuu si weyn u beddelay ra'yiga dadweynaha Sweden ee ku aaddan NATO, iyo in dalku uu "noqon doono mid aad ugu soo kordha" isbahaysiga, ku biiristiisuna "ay noqon doonto sabab loo dabbaal-dego."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Howery |first=Ken |date=July 20, 2022 |title=Sweden and NATO are ready for each other |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/3567434-sweden-and-nato-are-ready-for-each-other/ |access-date=January 10, 2025 |work=The Hill}}</ref> ​ ==== Boqortooyada Denmark ==== Madaxweynaha la doortay Donald Trump ayaa Howery u magacaabay inuu noqdo Safiirka Gaarka ah iyo Wakiilka Buuxa ee Maraykanka ee [[Kingdom of Denmark|Boqortooyada Denmark]] bishii Diseembar 22, 2024.<ref name=":2" /> ​ ==Nolosha shakhsiga ah== Howery waa doob.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ken Howery |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ken-howery/ |website=Forbes |access-date=31 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref> ​Wuxuu guri ku leeyahay Power Mountain, oo ah goob lagu ciyaaro barafka oo ku taal Utah.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |title=Welcome to Powder Mountain – a utopian club for the millennial elite |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/16/powder-mountain-ski-resort-summit-elite-club-rich-millennials |work=The Guardian |date=16 March 2018}}</ref> Sanadkii 2021, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' ayaa ku warrantay in Howery iyo Musk ay wada deganaayeen guriga Howery ee cabbirkiisu yahay 8,000-square-foot oo u dhow Wabiga Colorado ee Austin. Musk, si kasta ha ahaatee, wuxuu beeniyay sheegashadaas isagoo emayl ugu diray ''[[Business Insider]]'' xilligaas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Newsham |first1=Grace Kay, Jack |title=Elon Musk is a homeowner again, despite his claims of couch surfing |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musks-secret-austin-house-2024-4 |work=Business Insider |date=8 May 2024}}</ref> ​Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii ''WSJ'' ee bishii Diseembar 2021, ka dib markii uu dhammaaday muddadiisii safiirnimo ee Sweden, wuxuu "ku jiray safar uu ku marayay adduunka, oo ay ku jirto baacsiga duufaannada iyo dhacdooyinka kale ee cimilada aadka u daran oo uu u leeyahay hiwaayad ahaan, sida ay sheegeen dad yaqaanna."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Copeland |first1=Rob |title=Elon Musk Says He Lives in a $50,000 House. He Doesn’t Talk About the Austin Mansion. |url=https://www.wsj.com/real-estate/elon-musk-says-he-lives-in-a-50-000-house-he-doesnt-talk-about-the-austin-mansion-11640188548 |access-date=31 October 2025 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250420235406/https://www.wsj.com/real-estate/elon-musk-says-he-lives-in-a-50-000-house-he-doesnt-talk-about-the-austin-mansion-11640188548 |archive-date=20 April 2025}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ​{{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Azita Raji]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[:en:United States Ambassador to Sweden|Safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden]]|years=2019–2021}} {{s-aft|after=[[Erik Ramanathan]]}} {{s-end}} p99q9lu1mcwmc7cr4d014sk9g04ifog 0 47751 303301 299156 2026-07-25T23:33:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Namalaha | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_label = Namalaha | native_name_lang = zh-cn | settlement_type = Tuulo | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | government_footnotes = | subdivision_type3 = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map_alt = | image_shield = | pushpin_map = Malawi | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] | footnotes = | coordinates = {{coord|14|2|6|S|35|10|39|E|region:CN-63|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Malawi]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay Malawi kaga taal | seat = | subdivision_name2 = [[Mangochi District|Mangochi]] | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = Qaybaha heer tuulo | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | flag_alt = | native_name = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Namalaha,+Malawi/@-14.0310153,35.1650806,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x18dfb483ed904cb1:0xece2366ae9a1f795!8m2!3d-14.0341936!4d35.1776857!16s%2Fg%2F1tzhzkbc?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDMyNS4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Mapas Paraje la Paloma, Chaco - Calles y rutas }}</ref> | area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> --> | area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> --> | area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> --> | area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </re> --> | area_note = | length_km = | leader_title = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers --> | area_total_km2 = 2.13 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | leader_party = | area_blank1_title = | population_demonym = | leader_name = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/malawi/malawi_(general)/_namalaha/ | title=Mapas Paraje la Paloma, Chaco - Calles y rutas }}</ref> | elevation_m = 487 | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | width_km = | timezone1 = [[Time in Malawi|CAT]] | population_note = | utc_offset1 = +2 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | official_name = }} '''Namalaha''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Chiponda'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namalaha - Southern Region Map, Weather and Photos - Malawi: populated place - Lat:-14.0333 and Long:35.1667 |url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/malawi/malawi_(general)/_namalaha/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.getamap.net}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Chiponda, Malawi |url=https://fallingrain.com/world/MI/00/Chiponda.html |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=fallingrain.com |archive-date=2025-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012011259/https://fallingrain.com/world/MI/00/Chiponda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>) waa tuulo<ref name=":0" /> ku taal [[Mangochi District|Degmada Mangochi]], [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]], [[Malawi]] oo leh [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|cimilada savanna kulaylaha]] ah oo qoyan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mindat.org |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-930613.html |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.mindat.org}}</ref> Gegada diyaaradaha ee ugu dhow Namalaha waa garoon yar oo ku yaal [[Monkey Bay]], 15 mayl galbeed uga gudbaya [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]],<ref name=":0" /> waxaana lagu xiraa dalka intiisa kale wadada S129 oo dhererkeedu yahay 14-kilomitir. Namalaha waxay leedahay toban waddo oo kale oo yaryar oo ku dhex yaal aaggeeda. == Tixraacyo == <references /> b1uut0ewq0le1ef643iebr8f54f778p 0 47753 303300 300031 2026-07-25T22:43:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Monkey Bay |other_name = Lusumbwe |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline =Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Xeebta Cape Maclear oo u dhow Monkey Bay |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Malawi<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_mapsize= |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay Malawi kaga taal <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Waddan |subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Mangochi District]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = Tirakoobkii 2018<ref name="Census2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report|publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office|accessdate=25 December 2019|archive-date=8 Bisha Lixaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 14,955 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Qowmiyado |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = Diimo |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = +2 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|14|05|00|S|34|55|00|E|region:MW|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 1630 |blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]] |blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} [[file:Monkey bay main road.JPG|thumb|Waddada ugu weyn ee waqooyi-koonfur ee magaalada.]] '''Monkey Bay''' ama '''Lusumbwe''' waa magaalo ku taal [[Mangochi]] oo ka tirsan [[Mangochi District|Degmada Mangochi]] ee [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee dalka [[Malawi]]. Magaaladu waxay ku taal xeebta [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] waana mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee Harada Malawi.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-43952/Malawi|title=Malawi: Transportation|accessdate=20 June 2008|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> Dadka ku nool Monkey Bay waxay ahaayeen 14,955 qof sida ku xusan tirakoobkii 2018.<ref name="World Gazetteer"/> Monkey Bay waxay {{convert|206|km|mi}} u jirtaa [[Lilongwe]], oo ah caasimadda Malawi, iyo {{convert|253|km|mi}} oo u jirta [[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]].<ref name="Wild Malawi">{{cite web|url=http://www.wildmalawi.com/distance-table/distance-table/malawi-distance-table.html|title=Malawi distance table|accessdate=20 June 2008}}</ref> Monkey Bay waa goob dalxiis waxaana inta badan laga sii maraa wadada loo aado [[Cape Maclear]].<ref name="Maclear">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=20 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=200|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== Monkey Bay waxaa xukumayay hogaamiye Muslim ah oo [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]] ah iyo ganacsade addoon, Mponda, intii lagu jiray 1880-meeyadii.<ref name="Mponda">{{cite book|title=The Steamer Parish: The Rise and Fall of Missionary Medicine on an African|url=https://archive.org/details/steamerparishris0000good|url-access=registration|last=Good|first=Charles M.|year=2004|accessdate=22 June 2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/steamerparishris0000good/page/88 88]|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=0-226-30281-4}}</ref> Sannadkii 1905, sahamiye [[Mary Hall (explorer)|Mary Hall]] ayaa maray halkan iyadoo noqotay haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee safarta dhererka Afrika laga soo bilaabo Cape Town ilaa Qaahira.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Colin |date=1982 |title=Nyasaland 1905 - 1909: The Journeys of Mary Hall, Olivia Colville and Charlotte Mansfield |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29778467 |journal=The Society of Malawi Journal |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=11–29 |issn=0037-993X}}</ref> Dhamaadkii qarnigii 19-aad, Bishop-kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Likoma Island|Likoma]], [[Chauncy Maples]], ayaa ku degay meel u dhow Monkey Bay ee Harada Malawi.<ref name="Bishop">{{cite book|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|accessdate=20 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=193|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}</ref> Sannadihii 1960-meeyadii, waxaa Monkey Bay ka jiray Shaybaar Cilmi-baaris Kalluumeysi, kaas oo ay maalgelisay xilligaas dawladdii gumeysiga [[Nyasaland]].<ref name="Fisheries">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k706AAAAIAAJ|title=Bulletin – Malawi Geological Survey Department|accessdate=20 June 2008|publisher=Malawi Geographical Survey Department|year=1963}}</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Monkey Bay waxay ku taal xeebta [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] waana mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee Harada Malawi.<ref name="Britannica"/> Waxay ku taal joog dhan {{convert|1630|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}. Monkey Bay waxay qiyaastii {{convert|4|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} u jirtaa Chimpamba, {{convert|2|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} u jirtaa Zambo, {{convert|1|mi|km|round=0.5|order=flip|abbr=on}} u jirtaa Msumbi iyo 17.9 km (11.12 mi) u jirtaa [[Cape Maclear]].<ref name=FR>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Monkey_Bay.html |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Monkey Bay, Malawi |work=FallingRain Genomics |accessdate=21 June 2008 |archive-date=3 Bisha Saddexaad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193333/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Monkey_Bay.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Heerka Nolosha== Bishii Maarso 2003, Madaxweynihii xilligaas ee Malawi [[Bakili Muluzi]] ayaa shir ku qabtay Monkey Bay, wuxuuna ballan qaaday inuu gacan ka geysan doono dhimista saboolnimada.<ref name="Muluzi">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200303080008.html|title=Malawi: Muluzi Outlines Priority|date=8 March 2008|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Hay'adda samafalka ee [[Save the Children]] ayaa ka howlgasha aagga Monkey Bay.<ref name="CSM">{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0611/p01s03-woaf.htm|title=AIDS adds to African food crisis|date=11 June 2002|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=[[CS Monitor]]|last=Itano|first=Nicole}}</ref> Sida uu sheegay mutadawac horumarineed oo Jarmal ah oo la shaqeeya Back to School Foundation, dadka deggan Monkey Bay kuma noola heerka saboolnimada, laakiin waxay ku nool yihiin heerka jiritaanka. Guryuhu waa cariishyo dhoobo ah oo fudud, qoysas yar ayaa awoodi kara koronto, maadaama kharashka xiriirka oo kaliya uu yahay saddex jeer mushaharka celceliska bille ah.<ref name="Rheinische Post">{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/public/article/kempen/471650/Eine-Zukunft-fuer-die-Kinder-von-Malawi.html|title=Eine Zukunft für die Kinder von Malawi|date=23 August 2007|accessdate=20 June 2008|last=Kleinebrahm|first=Tobias|work=[[Rheinische Post]]|language=German}}</ref> ==Adeegyada== ===Goobaha Adeegga=== Waxaa Monkey Bay ku yaal suuq weyn iyo suuq caadi ah, inkastoo aysan jirin xafiisyo lacag beddelasho ama mashiinno lacagta lagala baxo (ATM). 22 Febraayo 2010, bangigii ugu horreeyay ayaa albaabada u furay. [[Malawi Savings Bank]] oo ka shaqeynayay dhismaha Xafiiska Boostada ayaa u guuray meel u gaar ah, dhismo dib loo habeeyay oo ballaaran oo ku yaal xarunta ganacsiga. Ma jirin maqaaxi internet oo shaqeysa sannadkii 2007 laakiin waxaa jiray calaamado mid ka mid ah. Waxaa jira guryo dhowr ah oo martida loo qaabilo.<ref name="Shops">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|page=201|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=20 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}</ref> Mashiinka lacagta lagala baxo (ATM) ee ugu dhow wuxuu ku yaal magaalada [[Mangochi]]. ===Gaadiidka=== Monkey Bay waxaa ku xira [[Lilongwe]] iyo [[Blantyre]] adeegyada basaska.<ref name="Shops"/> Garoonka diyaaradaha ee ugu dhow wuxuu ku yaal [[Ulongwe]], {{convert|49|mi|km||order=flip|abbr=on}} u jira.<ref name=FR/> Laba markab oo rakaab ah ayaa toddobaad kasta ku socdaalaya Harada Malawi inta u dhaxaysa Monkey Bay iyo [[Chilumba]]; ''[[MV Ilala]]'' iyo ''Mtendere''.<ref name="Telegraph Sail">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html |title=Malawi: On a mission in Africa |accessdate=20 June 2008 |date=5 February 2001 |last=Rogers |first=Douglas |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] }}</ref> ''Ilala'' waa markab uumiga ku shaqeeya oo qaadi kara 350-rakkaab ah kaas oo ka shaqeynayay waddada tan iyo 1951-dii.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2001/apr/18/netjetters2000sam.netjetters1?page=2|title=Lake placid|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=20 June 2008|date=18 April 2001}}</ref> Bishii Maarso 2003, Midowga Yurub ayaa maalgeliyay horumarinta wadada isku xirta Monkey Bay iyo Masasa iyo Golomoti.<ref name="Engineering News">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=33703|title=EU approves funding for Malawian road projects|accessdate=20 June 2008|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel|date=28 March 2003}}</ref> Bishii Febraayo 2006, dawladda Malawi waxay ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal ay ku dhisayso waddo ka timaada Monkey Bay ilaa Cape Maclear.<ref name="To Maclear">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200602280116.html|title=Malawi: Investors, Tourists Wear Smile in Cape Maclear|work=[[AllAfrica]]|date=28 February 2006|accessdate=20 June 2008}}</ref> Bishii Maarso 2006, ma jirin waddo la maro oo Monkey Bay gasha, ka dib markii fatahaadihii ugu xumaa tan iyo 1978 ay qaadeen dhowr kiiloomitir oo waddo ah iyo buundo.<ref name="Mywire">{{cite web|url=http://www.mywire.com/pubs/AFP/2006/03/08/1270868?extID=10051|title= Flash floods in Malawi tourist haven leave 6,000 homeless|date=8 March 2006|accessdate=20 June 2008|publisher=[[Agence France Presse]]}}</ref> Roobabka ayaa lagu qiyaasay qiyaastii {{convert|158|mm|in}} waxaana dhowr kun oo qof oo ku nool [[Mangochi District|Degmada Mangochi]] ay ku waayeen guryahoodii.<ref name="Angola"/> ===Waxbarashada=== Dugsiga Katooliga ee Nankhwala wuxuu ku yaal Monkey Bay.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/tayside_and_central/7451251.stm|title= School cash for Malawi youngsters|access-date=20 June 2008|date=12 June 2006|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> ===Caafimaadka=== Monkey Bay waxay leedahay cusbitaal, laakiin adeegyada caafimaad ma ahan kuwo baahsan; qaliinka iyo [[diagnostics|baaritaannada]] ayaa si kastaba ha atte ha laga heli karaa Monkey Bay.<ref name="Irish Medical Times">{{cite web |url=http://www.imt.ie/news/2008/06/life_as_a_gp_in_malawi_the_war.html |title=Life as a GP in Malawi —the warm heart of Africa |accessdate=20 June 2008 |date=10 June 2008 |last=Collins |first=Dr. Martina |work=[[Irish Medical Times]] |archive-date=2 Bisha Lixaad 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602011008/http://www.imt.ie/news/2008/06/life_as_a_gp_in_malawi_the_war.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Sharciga iyo militariga=== Monkey Bay waxay leedahay saldhig booliis. Waxa kale oo ay tahay xarunta dhexe ee ciidanka [[marine (military)|badda]] ee [[Army of Malawi|Ciidanka Malawi]] oo ka kooban 220 askari.<ref name="IOL">{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=nw20070410091551635C986579|title=Divers search for bodies in Lake Malawi|date=10 April 2008|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]}}</ref><ref name="Naval Institute">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJunjRvplU4C|title=The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft and Systems|accessdate=20 June 2008|year=2007|publisher=[[Naval Institute Press]]|last=Wertheim|first=Eric|authorlink=Eric Wertheim|isbn=978-1-59114-955-2|page=452}}</ref> ==Dalxiiska== Monkey Bay waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay "goobta ugu caansan dalka" by ''[[Agence France-Presse]]'',<ref name="Mywire"/> iyo ''[[Factiva]]'' waxay Monkey Bay ku tilmaamaysaa "goobta dalxiis ee ugu caansan" ee Malawi.<ref name="Factiva">{{cite web|url=http://moreresults.factiva.com/results/index/index.aspx?ref=LQAF000020060310e23a000h3|title=Floods cause chaos in Malawi, Mozambique|date=10 March 2006|accessdate=20 June 2008|publisher=[[Factiva]]}}</ref> Aagga wuxuu leeyahay "xeebo ciid ah iyo kalluun kulaylaha ah",<ref name="Angola">{{cite web|url=http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/noticia-e.asp?ID=423875 |title=Heavy flooding causes havoc in Malawi |date=22 March 2008 |accessdate=20 June 2008 |work=AngolaPress }}</ref> wuxuuna caan ku yahay dalxiisayaasha.<ref name="IOL"/> Waxaa Monkey Bay ku yaal dugsiyo quusid, si kastaba ha atte ha, sida uu qabo Daily Telegraph, dugsiyada waxaa dalxiisayaashu u arkaan kuwo liita.<ref name="Telegraph diving">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/721218/Malawi-Flying-under-water.html?pageNum=3|title=Malawi: Flying under water|date=5 February 2001|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|last=Isaacson|first=Rupert}}</ref> Magaaladu waa sidoo kale goob laga sii maro [[Cape Maclear]]. ==Dadka== {| class="wikitable" ! Sannad ! Dadka<ref name="World Gazetteer">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=dq&geo=-150|title=World Gazetteer: Malawi: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=World Gazetteer|archive-date=18 Bisha Koobaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118111352/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=dq&geo=-150|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Census2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report|publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office|accessdate=25 December 2019|archive-date=8 Bisha Lixaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 1987 | 5,649 |- | 1998 | 10,749 |- | 2008 | 11,246 |- | 2018 | 14,955 |} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|2}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|14|05|S| 34|55|E|region:MW_type:city|display=title}} s4tofapg6l98mskrb5x1ykw1qycama6 0 47759 303293 299168 2026-07-25T18:13:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Karonga |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Karonga rice fields.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Beeraha bariiska ee Karonga |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Malawi<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_mapsize=240 |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay Malawi kaga taal <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Waddan |subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Karonga District]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = Tirakoobkii 2018<ref name="Census2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report|publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office|access-date=25 December 2019|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 61,609 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Qowmiyado |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = Diimo |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = +2 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|09|56|00|S|33|56|00|E|region:MW|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 1568 |blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]] |blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Karonga''' waa magaalo ku taal [[Karonga District|Degmada Karonga]] ee [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] ee dalka [[Malawi]] oo ku taal koonfur-bari Afrika. Waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee [[Lake Nyasa|Harada Malawi]], waxaana la aasaasay xarun addoonsi ka hor 1877-kii. Sida lagu sheegay qiyaasihii 2018, Karonga waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaarayso 61,609. Luuqadda ugu weyn ee lagaga hadlo degmadan waa luuqadda [[Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]], taas oo sidoo kale ah luuqad goboleedka [[Northern Region, Malawi|Waqooyiga Malawi]]. ==Taariikhda== Qalabkii hore ee taariikhda iyo haraaga aadanaha ee laga helay degmada Karonga ee waqooyiga fog ee Malawi ayaa bixinaya caddayn dheeraad ah in aaggu uu noqon karo halkii uu aadanuhu ka soo jeeday. Professor [[Friedemann Schrenk]] oo ka tirsan [[Goethe University Frankfurt|Jaamacadda Goethe]] ee [[Frankfurt]] ayaa u sheegay [[Reuters|Wakaaladda Wararka ee Reuters]] in laba arday oo ka shaqaynayay goobta qodista bishii Sebtembar 2009 ay heleen qalab taariikhi ah iyo ilko ka tirsan aadanaha hore. "Helitaankan ugu dambeeyay ee qalabka taariikhiga ah iyo haraaga aadanaha ayaa caddayn dheeraad ah u ah aragtida ah in Dooxada Great Rift ee Afrika iyo laga yaabo in goobta qodista ee u dhow Karonga loo tixgeliyo inay tahay halkii aadanuhu ka soo jeeday." ayuu yiri Schrenk. Goobtu waxa kale oo ay ku jirtaa qaar ka mid ah dinosauradii ugu horreeyay ee noolaa intii u dhaxaysay 100 milyan iyo 140 milyan oo sano ka hor iyo aadanaha hore oo la aaminsan yahay inay noolaayeen intii u dhaxaysay hal milyan iyo 6 milyan oo sano ka hor. Helitaanka ayaa ahaa goobta qodista ee Malema {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} u jirta Karonga.<ref name=Banda>{{cite news|last1=Banda|first1=Mabvuto|title=Malawi could be the cradle of humankind|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-hominids-idUSTRE59M40820091023|access-date=31 August 2014|work=Science|agency=Reuters|date=23 October 2009}}</ref> Marka la eego taariikhda dhow ee hore, Karonga waxay leedahay hanti badan oo [[Pleistocene]] iyo [[Holocene]] ah oo qadiimi ah kuwaas oo taariikhaysan gaar ahaan da'da dhagaxa dhexe iyo kan dambe, iyo sidoo kale da'da birta.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/gea.21469 | volume=29 | title=Renewed Geoarchaeological Investigations of Mwanganda's Village (Elephant Butchery Site), Karonga, Malawi | journal=Geoarchaeology | pages=98–120 | last1 = Wright | first1 = David K.| year=2014 | issue=2 }}</ref> Ka hor 1877-kii, Karonga waxay jirtay iyadoo ahayd saldhigga Mlozi, oo ahaa ganacsade caan ah oo Carab ah oo addoonka iibiya.<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312634/Karonga|title=Karonga|date=2008|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=8 August 2008}}</ref> Sannadkii 1883-kii waxaa halkaas laga furay goob ganacsi oo Ingiriisi ah, taas oo aasaas u ahayd magaalada casriga ah.<ref name="britannica"/> Sahamiye Ingiriisi ah Sir [[Harry Johnston]] ayaa iibsaday goobtaas 1895-kii wuxuuna joojiyay ganacsigii addoonta ee xeebta galbeed ee Harada Nyasa.<ref name="britannica"/> Waqtigan, Karonga waxay noqotay xarun ganacsi iyo beeraha oo muhiim ah.<ref name="britannica"/> Sida uu qabo ''[[Lonely Planet]]'', magaaladu "wali waxay haysaa saamaynta xooggan ee [[Swahili-Arabs|Sawaaxili-Carabta]] maanta."<ref name=Murphy159>{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|p=159}}</ref> [[file:Nyungwe CDSS Malawi.jpg|thumb|Shaybaarka kumbuyuutarka ee Dugsiga Sare ee Nyungwe CDSS sanadkii 2018]] Dugsiga Sare ee Gabdhaha Karonga ayaa furmay bartamaha magaalada 1998-kii.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Mamie Martin Info leaflet |url=https://www.scotland-malawipartnership.org/assets/documents/member/MMF_info_Leaflet.pdf}}</ref> Sannadkii 2023 waxaa jiray walaac ah in gabdhaha looga reebay waxbarashada sababtoo ah ma jirin lacag ku filan oo lagu daboolo waxbarashadooda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-30 |title=CDF bursary eludes needy students |url=https://mwnation.com/cdf-bursary-eludes-needy-students/ |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Dugsiga Sare ee Nyungwe CDSS wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah sagaal dugsi oo loo doortay inay helaan telefishinada HD iyo tablet-yada taas oo qayb ka ah dadaal ay wadeen [[Airtel Africa|Airtel Malawi]] iyo UNICEF. Qorshuhu wuxuu ku jiray helitaanka internetka iyo adeegsi bilaash ah oo shan goobood oo waxbarasho ah. Mashruuca waxaa amaanay wasiirka waxbarashada [[Madalitso Wirima Kambauwa|Madalitso Wirima]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwale |first=Winston |date=2023-08-01 |title=Airtel Malawi, UNICEF Announce Groundbreaking Project to Equip Schools with Cutting-Edge Technology |url=https://africabrief.substack.com/p/airtel-malawi-unicef-announce-groundbreaking |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=AfricaBrief}}</ref> 11-kii Luulyo 2008, [[Kayelekera mine|macdanta Kayelekera]] ee Karonga waxay u dabaaldegtay 1.5 milyan oo saacadood oo ah macdanta yuraaniyaamta oo aan shil lahayn.<ref name="mine">{{cite news|title=Government applauds Kayelekera on safety |last=Tayanjah|first=Francis|author2=Namwaza, Gerald|date=11 June 2008|work=The Daily Times}}</ref> "Falanqeeyayaasha" waxay sheeganayaan in tani ay tahay guul naadir ah.<ref name="mine"/> Macdantu waxay horey ula kulantay muran sababtoo ah dadka oo u soo bandhigtay shucaac.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200709070883.html|title=Torn Between the Lure And Danger of Uranium|date=6 September 2007|work=UN Integrated Regional Information Networks|publisher=[[AllAfrica]]|access-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> Bishii Diseembar 2009 aaggu wuxuu la kulmay [[2009 Karonga earthquakes|taxane dhulgariirro ah]]. ==Juqraafiga== Karonga waxay ku taal joog dhan {{convert|1568|ft|m|order=flip}} xeebta galbeed ee [[Lake Nyasa|Harada Nyasa]]. Waxay ku taal {{convert|17+1/4|mi|km|order=flip|round=0.5}} oo u jirta [[Kenan Ngomba]], {{convert|11|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} oo u jirta [[Kaporo, Malawi|Kaporo]], {{convert|26+1/2|mi|km|round=0.5|order=flip|abbr=on}} oo u jirta [[Kilondo]] iyo {{convert|7+1/2|mi|km|round=0.5|order=flip|abbr=on}} oo u jirta [[Lupembe]].<ref name=FR>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Karonga.html |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Karonga, Malawi |work=FallingRain Genomics |access-date=21 June 2008 |archive-date=19 Bisha Shanaad 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519225931/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Karonga.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Dadka== [[File:Edicas Nachinga with her orphaned grandchildren (4993106936).jpg|thumbnail|Edicas Nachinga iyo carruurta ay awowga u tahay ee Karonga, 2010]] {| class="wikitable" ! Sannad ! Dadka<ref name="World Gazetteer">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=dq&geo=-150 |title=World Gazetteer: Malawi: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |access-date=8 July 2008 |work=World Gazetteer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223224/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=dq&geo=-150 |archive-date= 27 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="Census2018" /> |- | 1977 | 11,873 |- | 1987 | 19,667 |- | 1998 | 27,811 |- | 2008 | 40,334 |- | 2018 | 61,609 |} {{historical populations|11=1977|12=11,873|13=1987|14=19,667|15=1998|16=27,811|17=2008|18=40,334|19=2018|20=61,609|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi: Regions, Major Cities, Towns & Urban Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/malawi/cities/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>|align=right}} ===Luuqadaha=== [[Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]] waxaa inta badan looga isticmaalaa Karonga guriga iyo dugsiga labadaba.<ref>{{Harvnb|Baldauf|Kaplan|2004|p=134}}</ref> Karonga waxaa loo yaqaanaa "''jasiirad ka mid ah luuqadda iyo dhaqanka Tumbuka ee badda dadka Tumbuka iyo Ngonde''."<ref>{{Harvnb|Baldauf|Kaplan|2004|p=88}}</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha aaggu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay suufka, bariiska iyo galleyda oo laga soo saaro harada iyo kafee iyo xoolaha dhinaca galbeed.<ref name="britannica"/> Dadka reer Karonga waxay ku tiirsan yihiin kalluumaysiga nolol-maalmeedka.<ref name="britannica"/> ==Cimilada== Cimilada Karonga waxaa loo kala saaraa [[tropical climate|cimilada kulaylaha]]. Xagaaga ayaa aad u roob badan marka loo eego jiilaalka Karonga. Cimilada halkan waxaa u kala saaray Aw nidaamka [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger]]. Karonga, celceliska heerkulka sannadlaha ah waa 25.6 °C (78.8 °F).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karonga climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Karonga weather averages - Climate-Data.org|url=https://en.climate-data.org/africa/malawi/southern/karonga-926117/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Karonga |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan high C = 29.6 |Feb high C = 29.6 |Mar high C = 29.3 |Apr high C = 29.0 |May high C = 28.7 |Jun high C = 27.6 |Jul high C = 27.3 |Aug high C = 28.3 |Sep high C = 30.6 |Oct high C = 32.5 |Nov high C = 32.4 |Dec high C = 30.5 |year high C = 29.6 |Jan mean C = 24.9 |Feb mean C = 25.0 |Mar mean C = 24.7 |Apr mean C = 24.6 |May mean C = 23.6 |Jun mean C = 22.2 |Jul mean C = 21.7 |Aug mean C = 22.4 |Sep mean C = 24.3 |Oct mean C = 26.4 |Nov mean C = 27.0 |Dec mean C = 25.7 |year mean C = 24.4 |Jan low C = 21.8 |Feb low C = 21.7 |Mar low C = 21.5 |Apr low C = 21.3 |May low C = 19.9 |Jun low C = 17.9 |Jul low C = 17.0 |Aug low C = 17.6 |Sep low C = 19.4 |Oct low C = 21.9 |Nov low C = 23.0 |Dec low C = 22.4 |year low C = 20.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 132.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 120.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 206.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 130.0 |May precipitation mm = 19.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 0.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 1.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 39.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 149.0 |year precipitation mm = 799.3 |Jan humidity = 79 |Feb humidity = 80 |Mar humidity = 82 |Apr humidity = 80 |May humidity = 74 |Jun humidity = 66 |Jul humidity = 65 |Aug humidity = 64 |Sep humidity = 60 |Oct humidity = 56 |Nov humidity = 62 |Dec humidity = 75 |year humidity = 70 |Jan sun = 176.7 |Feb sun = 170.8 |Mar sun = 207.7 |Apr sun = 222.0 |May sun = 254.2 |Jun sun = 264.0 |Jul sun = 285.2 |Aug sun = 306.9 |Sep sun = 306.0 |Oct sun = 319.3 |Nov sun = 273.0 |Dec sun = 213.9 |year sun = 2999.7 |Jand sun = 5.7 |Febd sun = 6.1 |Mard sun = 6.7 |Aprd sun = 7.4 |Mayd sun = 8.2 |Jund sun = 8.8 |Juld sun = 9.2 |Augd sun = 9.9 |Sepd sun = 10.2 |Octd sun = 10.3 |Novd sun = 9.1 |Decd sun = 6.9 |yeard sun = |source 1 = NOAA<ref name= NOAA>{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/MW/67423.TXT | server = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | title = Karonga Climate Normals 1961–1990 | access-date = 8 March 2015}}</ref> |date=March 2015 }} ==Farshaxan iyo dhaqan== [[Cultural & Museum Centre Karonga]] waa meesha ugu caansan ee dalxiisayaasha ee Karonga.<ref name=Murphy177>{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|p=177}}</ref> Waxay hoy u tahay [[Malawisaurus]], fosil 150 milyan oo sano jir ah oo laga helay {{convert|45|km}} koonfurta degmada.<ref name=Murphy177/> Waxay soo bandhigtaa bandhig cinwaankiisu yahay "Laga soo bilaabo Dinosaurs ilaa Dimuqraadiyadda", kaas oo diiwaangeliya taariikhda aagga.<ref name=Murphy177/> ==Kaabayaasha== Karonga waxay hoy u tahay [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Karonga]]<ref name=FR/> kaas oo kaliya maareeya duullimaadyada gudaha ee maalintii ee [[Air Malawi]].<ref>[http://www.azworldairports.com/airports/a2020kgj.cfm a-z World Airports], la galay 9 Agoosto 2008</ref> Baska ayaa ka socda Mzuzu iyo Nkhata Bay ilaa Karonga iyadoo la isticmaalayo wadada M1.<ref>{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|pp=188&ndash;233}}</ref> ==Fiiro gaar ah== {{reflist}} ==Tixraacyo== *{{cite book |last1=Baldauf|first1=Richard B.|last2=Kaplan|first2=Robert B.|title=Language Planning and Policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa|publisher=Multilingual Matters|volume=1|date=2004|isbn=1-85359-725-2|oclc=56751169}} *{{cite book |last1=Murphy|first1=Alan|last2=Armstrong|first2=Kate|last3=Firestone|first3=Mathew D.|last4=Fitzpatrick|first4=Mary|title=Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|date=2007|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|oclc=76936284}} *{{cite journal |last1=Wright|first1=David|title=Renewed geoarchaeological investigations of Mwanganda's Village (Elephant Butchery Site), Karonga, Malawi|journal=Geoarchaeology|date=2014|volume=29 | issue = 2|pages=98–120|doi=10.1002/gea.21469|doi-access=free}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Karonga, Malawi}} {{Authority control}} 09adeiup277echhd9jbfu3rgn1ge4k7 0 47791 303291 299215 2026-07-25T15:36:09Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox spring | name = Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba | other_name = Amashyuza | image = | image_caption = | map = Rwanda | map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Rwanda | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 13 | label = Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba | coordinates = {{coord|-1.74004|29.273409|region:RW_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | location = Nyamyumba Sector, [[Rubavu District]], [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]], [[Rwanda]] | type = [[Hot spring|Isha biyaha kulul]] }} '''Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba''', oo maxalli ahaan loogu yaqaan magaca Kinyarwanda ee ''Amashyuza'', waa ilo dabiici ah oo biyo kulul oo ku yaalla xeebta bari ee [[Harada Kivu]] ee Nyamyumba Sector, [[Rubavu District]], Gobolka Galbeed, [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Halkee ayay ku yaallaan Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Rwanda? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401190180.html |website=AllAfrica |date=19 Janaayo 2024 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref> Iyadoo ku taal qiyaastii 7 kiiloomitir u jirta magaalada Gisenyi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Rubavu), isha waxay ka kooban tahay laba barkadood oo maxalli ahaan loogu kala magacaabo "lab" iyo "dheddig".<ref>{{cite web |title=Isha biyaha kulul ee Nyambyumba |url=https://terrain-safaris.com/our-blog/1955hot-springs-in-nyambyumba/ |website=Terrain Safaris |date=13 Sebteembar 2017 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026 |archive-date=2026-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426223438/https://terrain-safaris.com/our-blog/1955hot-springs-in-nyambyumba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxay ku dhex yaallaan laanta galbeed ee Nidaamka [[East African Rift|Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika]], oo u dhow [[Virunga Mountains|xarunta foolkaanaha ee Virunga]], taas oo sharxaysa habka ay ku kululaadaan.<ref name="hategekimana2022">{{cite journal |last1=Hategekimana |first1=Francois |last2=Mugerwa |first2=Theophile |title=Sifaynta Kiimikada ee Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba, Waqooyi-galbeed Rwanda |journal=AppliedChem |year=2022 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.3390/appliedchem2040017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Dalxiiska iyo dabaasha daaweynta ayaa ku horumaray isha hareeraheeda, kuwaas oo ay soo booqdaan dadka deegaanka iyo dalxiisayaasha caalamiga ah labadaba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadka deegaanka ayaa raadinaya in la horumariyo tas-hiilaadka Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401090030.html |website=AllAfrica |date=9 Janaayo 2024 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref> == Sharraxaad == Waxay ku taallaa 7 km u jirta magaalada [[Gisenyi]], dhanka galbeed ee Rwanda ee xeebaha Harada Kivu, Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba waxay ka kooban tahay barkado yaryar oo dabiici ah oo ay ku jiraan biyo kulul, mararka qaarna karkaraya.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Hagaha Safarka ee Rwanda - Gisenyi {{!}} Le Voyage Autrement |url=https://www.le-voyage-autrement.com/rwanda/incontournables/gisenyi |website=www.le-voyage-autrement.com |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref> Biyaha ayaa loo tixgeliyaa inay leeyihiin sifooyin daaweyn ah.<ref name=":0" /> Isha kuleylka waxaa maxalli ahaan loogu yaqaanaa Amashyuza waxayna ku yaallaan xeebta bari ee Harada Kivu.<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Siraha Harada Kivu |url=https://www.reflexions.uliege.be/cms/c_340052/fr/les-secrets-du-lac-kivu |website=www.reflexions.uliege.be |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Halkee ayay ku yaallaan Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Rwanda? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401190180.html |website=AllAfrica |date=19 Janaayo 2024 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref> Isha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba barkadood, oo maxalli ahaan loogu magacaabay "lab" iyo "dheddig", nidaam magacaabid ah oo ka soo jeeda dadka deegaanka oo ku salaysan meelaha dhaqan ahaan loogu talagalay ragga iyo dumarka siday u kala horreeyaan.<ref name="hategekimana2022" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Safarka maalinlaha ah ee isha biyaha kulul ee Nyamyumba ee Rubavu |url=https://www.kisorotoursuganda.com/day-tour-of-nyamyumba-hot-springs-in-rubavu/ |website=Kisoro Tours Uganda |date=11 Juun 2025 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref> == Juqraafi == Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba waxay ku yaallaan laanta galbeed ee Nidaamka [[East African Rift|Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika]], oo u dhow [[Virunga Mountains|xarunta foolkaanaha ee Virunga]], taas oo sharxaysa habka kor u kaca iyo kulaylka biyaha isha.<ref name="hategekimana2022" /> Falanqaynta kiimikada ee Hategekimana et al. (2022) waxay ogaatay in biyaha isha ay yihiin nooca Na-HCO₃, oo leh heerar ka sarreeya macdanta milmay marka loo eego biyaha Harada Kivu ee u dhow, taas oo waafaqsan milanka dhagaxyada martida loo yahay ee biyaha kulul ee ku wareegaya nidaamka rift-ka. Qiyaasaha la cabbiray ayaa la barbardhigay heerarka Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) ee biyaha madadaalada.<ref name="hategekimana2022" /> Daraasadu waxay sidoo kale xustay awoodda isha inay noqdaan il tamarta kulaylka dhulka, waxayna ka wada hadleen suurtogalnimada in biyaha kulul ee asalka ah ay isku daraan biyo qabow oo dusha sare ah.<ref name="hategekimana2022" /> == Dalxiis == Hawl-qabad dhaqaale iyo dalxiis ayaa ku horumaray isha biyaha kulul ee xeebaha Harada Kivu. Barkadaha kulaylka ee hawada furan waxay bixiyaan fursado lagu la fal-galo dadka deggan Gisenyi, magaalada u dhow ee dhanka waqooyi, taas oo xuduud la leh Goma ee [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]].<ref>{{cite web |language=en-US |title=Saacad ku taal Rwanda: Ku raaxayso biyaha Harada Kivu, meeshan nasashada iyo dabaasha ee leh sifooyin daaweyn |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/rwanda/one-hour-rwanda-relax-swim-heal-waters-lake-kivu/fr |website=Global Press Journal |date=1 Juun 2017 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref> Suuqa kalluunka weyn ee dhanka koonfureed ee Gisenyi, hawl-wadeennada dhaqaalaha iyo duugayaashu waxay bixiyaan adeegyadooda dadka deegaanka iyo gaar ahaan dalxiisayaasha booqanaya Harada Kivu.<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Rwanda: meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee dalka kunka buurood |url=https://photo.geo.fr/rwanda-les-incontournables-du-pays-des-milles-collines-36363 |website=GEO |date=2 Juunyo 2019 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref> Kuwa dambe ayaa yimaada inta lagu jiro joogsiyada doomaha ee ku safraya Harada Kivu.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Dabeecadda - Isha Nyamyumba - Gisenyi Rubavu |url=https://www.petitfute.com/v45351-gisenyi-rubavu/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c976-archeologie-artisanat-science-et-technique/c981-nature/682957-sources-de-nyamyumba.html |website=www.petitfute.com |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Harada Kivu]] * [[Gisenyi]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 8t1qux28fagkyufj6hllsnptpqr0omp 0 48059 303308 299630 2026-07-26T03:03:49Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Soummam Basin OSM.png|thumb|right|Dooxada [[Soummam River|Webiga Soummam]] iyo Bou Sellam (midig)]] '''Webiga Bou Sellam''' ({{langx|kab|Asif n Busellam}}), waa [[webi]] ku yaalla gobolka [[Maghreb]] ee [[Algeria|Aljeeriya]], gaar ahaan [[Bordj Bou Arréridj Province|Gobolka Bordj Bou Arréridj]].<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> <ref>[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-pclmaps-oclc-6589746-sheet_2.jpg Defense Mapping Agency, 1981].</ref> Webigu wuxuu dhex maraa Dooxada Bou Sellam, waxaana xannibay [[Ain Zada Dam|Biya-xireenka Ain Zada]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ain Zada|url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/ain-zada/|publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika|accessdate=22 August 2011|archive-date=13 Bisha Shanaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513123119/https://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/ain-zada/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sharraxaad == Dooxada Bou Sellam waxay xiran tahay dhanka waqooyi, laga bilaabo isku-darka webiga iyo [[Sahel River|Webiga Sahel]], iyadoo ay ku taal Buurta Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam wuxuu ka soo degaa jiirarka koonfureed ee [[Mount Megris|Buurta Megris]]; Waxay ka kooban tahay shan webi, Wadi Mahouan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, oued Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet iyo Wadi Fermatou, kuwaas oo ku kulma waqooyiga Setif. Webigu markaas wuxuu qaataa magaca Oued Bou Sellam; Wuxuu marka hore u socdaa koonfur-koonfur-galbeed, wuxuu maraa saddex kiiloomitir galbeedka Setif, wuxuuna ka gudbaa silsiladda uu ka soo askumo inta u dhaxaysa djebel Tafat iyo Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam wuxuu helaa wadi Malah, isagoo ka soo askuma Aïn Arnat ilaa biya-xireenka Aïn Zada. Ka dib markuu ka gudbo biya-xireenka Aïn Zada, wuxuu ka gudbaa degmada Khelil dhanka bari wuxuuna helaa laba gacan-biyood oo cusub, [[Wadi Khelil]], kaas oo ka soo qulqula bangiga bidix ee Besbassa badhtamaha u dhexeeya [[El Kherba]] iyo biya-xireenka Aïn Zada iyo [[wadi Taissa]] wax yar ka hor bangiga midig. Inta lagu jiro qaybtan marin-biyoodka, Bou Sellam wuxuu waraabiyaa bannaanka qaniga ah ee Ameur, Ouled Mosli iyo [[Gherazla]]. Laga bilaabo godadka Guergour, si ka duwan, wuxuu ku qulqulaa dhul aad u qallafsan, wuxuu gaaraa cagta Guifsar, wuxuu si lama filaan ah u u leexdaa dhanka galbeed wuxuuna ku qulqulaa wadi Sahel oo ka soo horjeeda meesha ugu sarreysa ee Akbou. == Deegaanka == Webiga Oued Bou Sellam wuxuu ka kooban yahay 36% noocyada kalluunka ee biyaha gudaha Aljeeriya (15 nooc).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ046_RIS_2009_F.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313013840/http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ046_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1852pumfb2bnyi4kgpkmoeqiykt7s4t 0 48154 303289 299790 2026-07-25T13:13:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox historic site | name = Gogo Falls | native_name = | alternate_name = | image = | alt = | caption = | map_type = Kenya | map_alt = Gogo Falls oo ku yaalla Kenya | map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Kenya | elevation = {{cvt|1296|m}} | map_relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|0|54|S|34|35|E|display=inline,title}} | location = [[Kenya]] | region = [[Migori County]] | type = | part_of = | length = | width = | area = | height = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = [[Neolithic|Neolithic (Da'da Dhagaxa cusub)]] | cultures = [[Elmenteitan]] | dependency_of = | occupants = dadyowgii xoolo-dhaqatada ahaa ee qadiimiga ahaa | event = | excavations = ilaa 1983 | archaeologists = Karega-Munene, Samuel Kahinju<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actforlibraries.org/the-archaelology-dig-at-gogo-falls-yields-an-exclusive-pottery/ |title=Qodista qadiimiga ah ee Gogo Falls waxay soo saartay dhoobo gaar ah |publisher=Actforlibraries |date= |accessdate=December 4, 2016 |archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220201442/http://www.actforlibraries.org/the-archaelology-dig-at-gogo-falls-yields-an-exclusive-pottery/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | condition = | ownership = | management = | public_access = | website = | notes = }} '''Gogo Falls''' waa goob qadiimi ah oo u dhow biyo-dhac hore oo la xiray tan iyo 1956, waxaana ay ku taalla [[Harada Victoria]] Basin ee [[Migori County]], galbeedka [[Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mapcarta.com/12739926 |title=Gogo Falls |publisher= Mapcarta |date= |accessdate=December 4, 2016}}</ref> Goobtani waxay muhiim u tahay [[archaeology|cilmiga qadiimiga]] maadaama ay ku jiraan qaar ka mid ah waxyaabihii ugu horreeyay ee farshaxan iyo [[domestic animal|xoolaha]] ee aaggaas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robertshaw |first=Peter |date=February 26, 2010 |title=Qodista Gogo Falls ee goob qadiimi ah oo adag oo ku taal bariga Harada Victoria |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511425 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=63–195 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511425 |issn=0067-270X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Natiijooyinka laga helay goobta waxay gacan ka geystaan dib-u-dhiska [[prehistory|taariikh-horeyada]] dambe ee hareeraha Harada Victoria, oo ay ku jirto qabsashadii [[Pastoral Neolithic]] ee dadyowga [[Elmenteitan]] iyo qabsashadii dambe ee Da'da Birta. Farshaxannadii laga helay goobta waxaa ka mid ahaa [[pottery|dhoobo]] iyo [[iron|bir]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robertshaw |first=Peter |date=January 1, 1991 |title=Gogo Falls: Qodista goob qadiimi ah oo adag oo ku taal bariga Harada Victoria |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511425 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=63–195 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511425 |issn=0067-270X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>. Farshaxannadan ayaa la ogaaday qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada dadyowgii ku noolaa meel u dhow Gogo Falls.<ref name="chritz_2015"/> ==Goobta iyo deegaanka== Gogo Falls waxay ku taalla Harada Victoria Basin ee Kenya. Gogo Falls waxay ku taalla Kanyamkago Hillside meel u dhow biyo-xireenka casriga ah ee dhinaca galbeed ee [[Webiga Gucha]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Webiga Kuja). Kanyamkago Hills waxaa laga sameeyay dhagaxyo [[Precambrian|Pre-Cambrian]].<ref name="robertshaw_1991">{{Cite journal |last=Robertshaw |first=Peter |date=January 1991 |title=Gogo Falls: Qodista goob qadiimi ah oo adag oo ku taal bariga Harada Victoria |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511425 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=63–195 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511425 |issn=0067-270X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{rp|69}} Biyo-xireenka casriga ah ayaa aad ugu dhow Gogo Falls laakiin ma samayn wax biyo-dhac ah oo aagga ka mid ah; biyo-dhacyadu waxay u samaysmeen si dabiici ah.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|69}} Biyo-dhacyadu waxay ahaayeen meel wanaagsan oo lagu ururiyo kalluunka sababtoo ah waxay siiyeen gelitaan fudud kuwa degan aagga. ==Taariikhda cilmi-baarista== Cilmibaaraha qadiimiga ah ee ugu horreeyay ee ka shaqeeya gobolka Harada Victoria ee Kenya wuxuu ahaa Archdeacon [[Walter Edwin Owen|W. E. Owen]]; wuxuu markii dambe ka codsaday caawimaad [[Louis Leakey]].<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|63}} Shaqadooda ka dib, waxaa jiray dhawr godad oo la qoday laakiin ma aysan soo bandhigin wax farshaxan oo muhiim ah. Taasi waxay ahayd shaqadii laga qabtay Harada Victoria Basin ilaa 1980 markii Peter Robertshaw uu bilaabay shaqadiisa Gogo Falls.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|65}} Robertshaw iyo David Collett waxay booqdeen Gogo Falls 1981, waxay ogaadeen in qaar ka mid ah dhulka la [[Disturbance (archaeology)|dhibay]] sababtoo ah shaqada laga qabtay biyo-xireenka deegaanka. Laga soo bilaabo khalkhalka muuqda waxay ogaadeen in dhulku lahaa caddayn qadiimi ah oo ay tahay in si dheeraad ah loo baaro. Waxyaabaha la helay waxay ahaayeen dambas [[midden]] oo ay ku jiraan dhoobada Oltome (dhoobada [[Kansyore Pottery|Kansyore]]), hadhaagii xayawaanka iyo farshaxannada dhagaxa. Waxaa jiray ilko lo'aad oo laga helay aagga laakiin cilmi-baaris dheeraad ah waxay u muuqatay in lo'da iyo dhoobada aysan isku xirnayn.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|65}} Robertshaw wuxuu ku soo laabtay Gogo Falls 1983 si uu u sii qodo goobta iyadoo leh godad cusub oo ku yaalla meelo kala duwan oo ka mid ah biyo-dhacyada. 1989, Karega-Munene wuxuu qoday Gogo Falls miisaan ballaaran isagoo isticmaalaya farsamooyin qodis oo la mid ah kuwii Robertshaw 1983. ==Cilmibaarista iyo istiraatiijiyadda qodista== 1983, Robertshaw wuxuu qoday shan godad oo cabbirkoodu kala duwan yahay oo ku saabsan 2m x 2m. Istiraatiijiyadda qodista ee shanta godad waxaa ka mid ahaa ka saarista ciidda sare oo leh majarafado.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|71}} Markii ay ka hooseeyaan ciidda sare, trowels ayaa loo isticmaalay inta ka hartay qodista. Deposit-ka waxaa markaas loo kala saaray 10 cm unugyo qoto dheer kuwaas oo markaas lagu aqoonsaday labadaba lambar iyo xaraf. Ka dib markii deposit-ka loo kala saaray unugyo, waxaa markaas lagu qalajiyey-sieved iyadoo la isticmaalayo shaandho leh 5 mm mesh. Qodistii 1989 ee aaggan waxaa sameeyay Karega-Munene. Qodista waxay go'aansatay inay diiradda saarto aagga ku xiga webiga. Waxay dhisteen grid taas oo keentay 52 labajibbaaran, mid kasta wuxuu cabbiri jiray 5m x 5m. Waxaa jiray laba goobood oo soo saaray waxyaabaha ugu badan oo waxaa lagu aqoonsaday Area A.<ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002">{{Cite book |last=Karega-Mũnene |title=Holocene foragers, fishers and herders of western Kenya |date=2002 |publisher=Archaopress |isbn=9781841714172 |series=BAR international series |location=Oxford |oclc=ocm50177136}}</ref>{{rp|59}} Ka dib markii goobahaas ay bixiyeen waxyaabo badan oo la helay waxay qodeen labajibbaaran oo kale aaggaas kuwaas oo lagu calaamadeeyay 1 ilaa 30.<ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002" />{{rp|59}} Qodista labajibbaarradan waxay kaga duwanaayeen qodistii Robertshaw sababtoo ah ciidda sare lagama saarin majarafado, laakiin waxaa loo kala saaray 10 cm spits. ==Taariikhayn== Noocyo kala duwan oo taariikhayn ah ayaa loo isticmaalay Gogo Falls. Cilmibaarayaasha qadiimiga ah waxay u direen muunado dhuxul yar oo ku yaalla [[University of Oxford]] si loogu sameeyo [[Radiocarbon dating|radiocarbon]].<ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002" />{{rp|69}} Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muunadaha dhuxusha ee la helay waxay ahaayeen wax ka yar 30g, taas oo macnaheedu yahay taariikhaha waxay ahaayeen kaliya taariikhaha celceliska sababtoo ah muunadaha waxay ahaayeen kuwo ka yar waxa loo baahan yahay si loo helo taariikh sax ah.<ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002" /> Muunaduhu ma aysan awoodin inay bixiyaan taariikhaha saxda ah sababtoo ah waxay ka imaan karaan heerarka sare ama hoose ee heerka la taariikhaynayay. Inkasta oo muunaduhu ay lahaayeen dhibaatooyin yaryar oo loogu talagalay helitaanka taariikhaha, waxay ahaayeen doorashada ugu fiican ee taariikhaha heerarkaas.<ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002" />{{rp|70}} Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray walxo la taariikhaynayay iyadoo la isticmaalayo habkan oo taageeray fahamka goobta.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|73}} Taariikhaha la helay mar walba ma aysan dhigmin [[stratigraphy]] laakiin taariikhaha laftoodu ma ahayn kuwo tirakoob ahaan ka duwan.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|73}} Farsamada kale ee loo isticmaalo walxaha taariikhda ee Gogo Falls waxay ahayd [[Obsidian hydration dating|obsidian hydration]]. Qodista 1983, J.W. Michele wuxuu sameeyay taariikhaynta obsidian hydration ee MOHLAB.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|72}} Waxaa sidoo kale jiray dhibaatooyin noocan ah taariikhaynta sababtoo ah qiimaha hydration mar walba ma aha mid joogto ah oo ku filan taariikhda si sax ah. Taariikhda walaxdu waxay isbeddeli kartaa iyadoo ku xiran inta qorraxda ee ay hesho iyo halabuurka kiimikada ee ku jira deegaankeeda.<ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002" />{{rp|70}} Qaar ka mid ah taariikhaha muunadaha la helay ma aysan dhigmin sababtoo ah waxaa jiray farqi 1500-sano ah inta u dhaxaysa labada iyo qaar ka mid ah taariikhaha kale waxay ahaayeen kuwo ka weyn kuwa laga helay lakabyada qoto dheer.<ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002" />{{rp|70}} Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray taariikhaha kale oo muujiyay joogtaynta stratigraphic sababtoo ah waxaa jiray lakabyo ku yaalla godadka kuwaas oo muujiyay heerarka qoto dheer ay ka weyn yihiin kuwa sare. Taariikhaha laga helay qodista waxay taariikhaysan yihiin ilaa 2000 BP waxayna u dhexeeyaan sannadihii 1510-990 BC iyo AD 4 iyo AD 410.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|73–74}} <ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002" />{{rp|71}} ==Waxyaabaha la helay== Waxaa jiray waxyaabo badan oo kala duwan oo laga qoday Gogo Falls, waxaa la helay dambas midden, dhoobada Akira, dhoobada [[Kansyore Pottery|Kansyore]], dhoobada [[Elmenteitan|Elementeitan]], dhoobada Urewe, birta, [[Shell jewelry|dahabka qolofka]], [[ostrich eggshell beads|xayawaannada ukunta gorgorrada]], hadhaagii xayawaanka, farshaxannada dhagaxa iyo dhuxusha. Farshaxannada dhagaxa waxaa ka mid ah obsidian, quartz, [[microlith]]s yaryar iyo mindiyo la beddelay oo cabbirro kala duwan leh.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|77–78}} 1989, qodista waxay heshay farshaxanno dhagax ah oo badan oo horay loo helay laakiin waxay sidoo kale heleen fallaaro.<ref name="Karega-Mũnene_2002" />{{rp|73}} 1983, waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah farshaxannada lafaha la helay, oo ay ku jirto hal [[harpoon]] oo suurtagal ah, taas oo ka dhigi lahayd midda ugu horreysa ee Harada Victoria Basin.<ref name="robertshaw_1991" />{{rp|147}} Hadhaagii xayawaanka waxaa ka mid ah xayawaanka naasleyda ah kuwaas oo ahaa lafo iyo ilko ka yimid lo'da, lafaha kalluunka oo la rumeysan yahay inay yihiin kuwii ugu horreeyay ee la xiriira dhoobada Elementeitan, qolofka iyo hadhaagii dhirta. Iyada oo ku saleysan caddaynta, Gogo Falls waxay ahayd goob loogu talagalay daaqsinta lo'da, idaha iyo riyaha.<ref name="marshall_1995">{{Cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=Fiona |last2=Stewart |first2=Kathlyn |date=1995 |title=Hunting, Fishing and herding pastoralists of Western Kenya: the fauna from Gogo Falls |journal=Archaeozoologia |volume=7 |issue=1}}</ref>{{rp|8}} Dadka ku nool Gogo Falls waxay sidoo kale ugaarsadeen; lafaha zebra, warthog, bush pig, iyo oribi ayaa laga helay goobta.<ref name="marshall_1995" />{{rp|8}} Waxyaabaha la helay ayaa lagu faafiyay meelo kala duwan oo la qoday laakiin dhammaan aagagga waxay la jaanqaadeen kuwa kale. ==Dood== Gogo Falls waxay ka caawisaa cilmibaarayaasha qadiimiga ah maanta sababtoo ah iyada oo ku saleysan [[Isotope analysis|cilmibaarista dhawaan ee stable isotopes]] ee ilmaha xayawaanka, waddo ayaa la helay taas oo u oggolaan lahayd dadka inay u safraan Koonfurta Afrika.<ref name="chritz_2015">{{cite journal|last1=Chritz|first1=Kendra L.|last2=Marshall|first2=Fiona B.|last3=Zagal|first3=M. Esperanza|last4=Kirera|first4=Francis|last5=Cerling|first5=Thure E.|title=Environments and trypanosomiasis risks for early herders in the later Holocene of the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=112|issue=12|pages=3674–3679|date=2015|doi=10.1073/pnas.1423953112|pmid=25775535|pmc=4378429|bibcode=2015PNAS..112.3674C|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{rp|3674}} Maadaama la og yahay in ay jireen tiro badan oo xoolo ah iyo xayawaan duurjoog ah goobta, tani waxay caddaynaysaa in aysan jirin [[tsetse flies]] aagga. Haddii ay jiri lahaayeen duqsiga tsetse, markaas ma jiri lahayn caddayn ku saabsan xoolaha Gogo Falls. Stable isotopes-ka waxay sidoo kale caddaynayaan in aagga uu ku daboolan yahay cawska 2000-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay sababtoo ah korodhka roobka ee Holocene dambe, deegaanku wuxuu ahaa mid ku habboon inuu taageero xoolaha.<ref name="chritz_2015"/>{{rp|3677}} Caddayntani waxay ka caawisaa inay caddayso in laga yaabo inay jirtay dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka ka yimid bariga Afrika ilaa koonfurta Afrika, sababtoo ah isha ugu weyn ee cuntada dadka waxay ahayd xayawaanka waxayna ahayd inay u safraan meelo xayawaanku ka badbaadi karaan. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|2}} 59e6w3fwhgsyhmqtlfm1xqobsbngl3t 0 48228 303284 300765 2026-07-25T12:14:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Gacanka Table | native_name = {{native name|af|Tafelbaai}} | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ku taal Koonfur Afrika | image = Bloubergdtand.jpg | caption = Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo laga soo qaaday Gacanka Table oo laga eegayo [[Bloubergstrand]], oo dhanka woqooyi ka xigta Cape Town. [[Table Mountain]] ayaa ka muuqda masaafo fog oo dhanka kale ah ee gacanka. | coords = {{coord|33|51|S|18|27|E|type:waterbody_scale:2000000|display=inline,title}} | rivers = | oceans = [[Badweynta Koonfurta Atlaantigga]] | countries = [[Koonfur Afrika]] | length = | width = | area = {{convert|100|km2}}<ref name="Sabinet">{{cite journal |title=Table Bay, Cape Town, South Africa: an overview of its physical and ecosystem properties |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00382353_9228 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |date=2007 |access-date=2025-07-31}}</ref> | frozen = | islands = [[Jasiiradda Robben]] | cities = [[Cape Town]] }} '''Gacanka Table''' (Afrikaans: ''Tafelbaai'') waa gacan dabiici ah oo ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantigga]] dhanka woqooyi ee [[Cape Peninsula]], kaas oo u fidsan dhanka koonfureed ilaa [[Cape of Good Hope]]. Isagoo ay kor ka eegayso [[Cape Town]], gacanka waxaa ku dul yaal buurta fidsan ee [[Table Mountain]], taas oo uu magaca ka soo qaatay. {{wide image|File:Table Bay pano from Table Mountain.jpg|700px|Gacanka Table, dekedda iyo [[City Bowl]] oo laga eegayo dusha sare ee [[Table Mountain]] sannadkii 2022.}} ==Taariikh== ===Sahamintii hore ee Yurub=== Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee sahamiya gobolka wuxuu ahaa [[Bartolomeu Dias]], kaas oo ku wareegay Cape of Good Hope sannadkii 1488.<ref name="BritannicaDias">{{cite web |title=Bartolomeu Dias |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bartolomeu-Dias |website=Britannica |access-date=2025-07-31}}</ref><ref name="SAHODias">{{cite web |title=Bartolomeu Dias |url=https://sahistory.org.za/people/bartolomeu-dias |website=South African History Online |access-date=2025-07-31}}</ref> Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee ku xirta gacanka laftiisa wuxuu ahaa sahamiye reer Bortuqiis ah [[António de Saldanha]] sannadkii 1503. Saldanha wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay koritaankii ugu horreeyay ee la diiwaangeliyay ee Table Mountain.<ref name="SAHOSaldanha">{{cite web |title=António de Saldanha |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/antonio-de-saldanha |website=South African History Online |access-date=2025-07-31}}</ref> Gacanka waxaa markii dambe loogu magac daray ''Aguada de Saldanha'' ("Goobta biyaha ee Saldanha").<ref name="SAHOSaldanha"/><ref name="CastleTimeline">{{cite web |title=A Timeline Of The Castle of Good Hope |url=https://castleofgoodhope.co.za/reps_pubs/ccb_annexA_Timeline-Of-Castle-of-Good-Hope.pdf |website=castleofgoodhope.co.za |access-date=2025-07-31 |archive-date=2026-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260226185731/https://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/reps_pubs/ccb_annexA_Timeline-Of-Castle-of-Good-Hope.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sannadkii 1601, sahamiye reer Holland ah Joris van Spilbergen wuxuu u beddelay magaca Gacanka Table.<ref name="CastleTimeline"/> In kasta oo uu caan ku ahaa qarniyo badan inuu yahay hoyga maraakiibta, gacanku waa deked dabiici ah oo liidata, oo u nugul hirarka duufaannada woqooyi-galbeed. Maraakiib badan oo shiraaq ah oo magangelyo ka raadinayay gacanka intii lagu jiray qarniyadii 17-aad iyo 18-aad ayaa duufaannada jiilaalka ku soo tuuray xeebta. ===Degitaankii Holland iyo dhismaha dekedda=== In kasta oo ay xaaladuhu liiteen, gumaystayaashii Holland waxay ku adkaysteen degitaankooda xeebaha Gacanka Table, maadaama dekedo dabiici ah oo wanaagsan ay ku yar yihiin xeebtan. 6 Abriil 1652, [[Jan van Riebeeck]] wuxuu saldhig dib-u-habeyn ah ka dhisay gacanka ee [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC).<ref name="SAHORiebeeck">{{cite web |title=The Arrival of Jan Van Riebeeck in the Cape – 6 April 1652 |url=https://sahistory.org.za/article/arrival-jan-van-riebeeck-cape-6-april-1652 |website=South African History Online |access-date=2025-07-31}}</ref> Qalcaddii ugu horreysay, oo ahayd qalcad yar oo la yiraahdo [[Fort of Good Hope]], ayaa laga dhisay xeebta.<ref name="SAHODutchForts">{{cite web |title=Dutch and British coastal fortifications at the Cape of Good Hope, 1665-1829 |url=https://sahistory.org.za/place/dutch-and-british-coastal-fortifications-cape-good-hope-1665-1829 |website=South African History Online |access-date=2025-07-31}}</ref> Degitaankii wuxuu u koray magaalada Cape Town. Gacmo kale oo u dhow ayaa la tixgeliyay. Kuwa ugu fiican, [[Gacanka Saldanha]], waxay ka maqnaayeen biyo nadiif ah. [[Gacanka Simon]], in kasta oo si wanaagsan looga ilaaliyo duufaannada jiilaalka ee galbeedka, waxay u nuglayd duufaannada koonfur-bari ee xagaaga waxaana adkaa in laga galo dhanka dhulka ee Cape Town. [[Gacanka Hout]] wuxuu ahaa mid yar oo u nugul hirarka koonfur-galbeed ee jira. Ugu dambeyntii, deked casri ah ayaa laga dhisay Gacanka Table iyada oo loo marayo habka [[land reclamation|soo celinta dhulka]] waxaana laga ilaaliyay hirarka duufaanta iyadoo la isticmaalayo [[breakwater (structure)|biyo-xireenno]]. Dhismaha biyo-xireenkii ugu horreeyay wuxuu bilaabmay 1860, iyadoo [[Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]] uu si rasmi ah u bilaabay rarka ugu horreeyay ee dhagxaanta.<ref name="GatewayGuides">{{cite web |title=A Walking Tour of the V&A Waterfront |url=https://www.gatewayguides.co.za/Downloads/Waterfront.pdf |website=gatewayguides.co.za |access-date=2025-07-31 }}</ref> Qaab-dhismeedkan wuxuu ilaaliyay Alfred Basin, qaybta ugu horreysay ee dekedda cusub.<ref name="CTHeritage">{{cite web |title=Cape Town Breakwater |url=https://www.cape-town-heritage.co.za/landmark/cape-town-breakwater.html |website=Cape Town Heritage |access-date=2025-07-31 |archive-date=2025-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250820233342/https://www.cape-town-heritage.co.za/landmark/cape-town-breakwater.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Qaybtii hore ee horumarkan maanta waxaa loo yaqaan [[Victoria & Alfred Waterfront]]. Qaybta cusub, ee qoto dheer waa [[Duncan Dock]].<ref name="ArtefactsDuncan">{{cite web |title=Duncan Dock |url=https://artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes.php?bldgid=14872 |website=Artefacts.co.za |access-date=2025-07-31 |archive-date=2025-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250821081656/https://artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes.php?bldgid=14872 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Jasiiradda Robben]], halkaas oo [[Nelson Mandela]] lagu xiray tobannaan sano, waxay ku taal gacankan. ===Sliedrecht shidaal ku daatay=== Xeebaha gacanka ayaa shidaal ku daatay ka dib shil ku lug lahaa markabka Holland ee Sliedrecht bishii Nofembar 1953. Maraakiibta ayaa u dhaqaaqay {{cvt|96|km}} xeebta si ay u soo saaraan 1,000 tan oo shidaal ah oo ku wasakhoobay biyaha badda ka dib saameyntii hore.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article161508121 |title=Ship Oil Kills Fish, Penguins |date=1953-11-03 |work=Newcastle Sun (NSW : 1918 - 1954) |pages=8 |access-date=2020-04-22 |archive-date=2021-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321101447/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/161508121 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{expand section|other oil spills - there have been several|date=October 2025}} ===Maraakiib degtay=== {{See also|Shipwrecks of Cape Town}} ==Juqraafi== ===Jasiiradda Robben=== [[Jasiiradda Robben]] waxay ku taal Gacanka Table. Juqraafi ahaan, waxaa hoosta ka maray [[Tygerberg Formation]], kaas oo qayb ka ah Neoproterozoic ilaa horraantii Cambrian [[Malmesbury Group]] ee [[Saldania Belt]].<ref name="UCTGeology">{{cite thesis |last=Belcher |first=M.P. |title=STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF ROBBEN ISLAND |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/items/f2e47252-cf05-4832-b9d6-e1c3cd1751ea |website=OpenUCT |date=2003 |publisher=University of Cape Town |access-date=2025-07-31}}</ref> ===Bathymetry=== Gacanka Table waa gacan biyo ah oo qoto dheer oo iska yar, wuxuuna daboolayaa aag dhan qiyaastii 100 km². Waxay si tartiib ah uga soo kacdaa bari ilaa galbeed, iyadoo gaaraysa qoto dheer oo dhan 35 m xarunta afka gacanka.<ref name="Sabinet"/> Dhagax-hoosaadka waa shales, slates iyo sandstone ee kooxda Malmesbury, oo la mid ah dabeecadda, jiirada, iyo garaaca, dhagaxyada qaawan ee Jasiiradda Robben iyo Mouille Point. Badda hoosteeda waxaa ku yaal aagag waaweyn oo dhagax-hoosaad ah oo qayb ahaan qaawan iyo baro ciid fiican ilaa mid adag.<ref name="Sabinet"/> ===Khataraha socdaalka=== *Whale Rock: Goobta maraakiib badan oo degtay iyo kuwo dhulka ku dhacay. *Green Point: Goobta maraakiib badan oo degtay iyo kuwo dhulka ku dhacay. ==Galabta sawirrada== <gallery> File:Anonymous The Noord-Nieuwland in Table Bay, 1762.jpg|Maraakiibta [[Netherlands|Holland]] oo ku sugan Gacanka Table 1763 File:Pieter van der Aa Cape of Good Hope.jpg|Muuqaalka maraakiibta shiraaca ee Gacanka Table 1727 iyadoo [[Table Mountain]] ay ku taal gadaal File:Cape Town & Table Bay 1882.jpg|Khariidadda Gacanka Table (1882) File:IMRAY(1884) p0707 TABLE BAY.jpg|Khariidadda Dekedaha iyo Kaabayaasha (1884) File:Capetown table false bay.jpg|Cape Town oo laga eegayo meel bannaan, iyadoo loo eegayo koonfurta [[False Bay]] iyadoo [[Hangklip Point]] (bidixda sare), [[Cape Point]] (midigta sare) iyo Gacanka Table koonfurta iyo bariga ee si cad u muuqda, [[Jasiiradda Robben]], Febraayo 1995. File:Satellite image of Cape peninsula.jpg|Muuqaal macmal ah oo leh 2× kor u kac ah, laga soo qaaday xogta dayax-gacmeedka iyo sawirka. Laga eegayo bari [[Cape Peninsula]] iyo [[False Bay]] (gadaal) iyadoo [[Jasiiradda Robben]] (hore bidix), [[Table Mountain]] (xarunta hore) iyo [[Cape Point]] (hore midig). File:Ship Defense at Anchor in Table Bay.jpg|Sawirka Cape Town oo laga soo qaaday markabka [[East India Company]] [[Defence (1735 EIC ship)|Defense]], oo ku sii jeeda [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|the Downs]] ilaa [[Mumbai|Bombay]], oo ku xirnaa Gacanka Table Janaayo 24, 1739. </gallery> ==Sidoo kale eeg== *{{annotated link|False Bay}} *{{annotated link|Port of Cape Town}} *{{annotated link|Cape Peninsula}} *{{annotated link|Robben Island}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} d6ngdolapthraop32ik3y7x1v8mrup2 0 48624 303311 301028 2026-07-26T04:06:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tano<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh webiga Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' ama '''Webiga Tanoé''' ([[French language|Af-Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Tano'') waa [[webi]] ku yaal [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa 400 [[Kilometre|kiiloomitir]] laga bilaabo magaalo la yiraahdo Traa, oo ah xaafad ka tirsan [[Techiman]], oo ah caasimadda [[Bono East Region|Gobolka Bono East]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Ghana ilaa [[Aby Lagoon|Ehy Lagoon]], [[Tendo Lagoon]] iyo ugu dambeyntii Aby Lagoon ee [[Ivory Coast]] halkaas oo uu ka galo [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Webiga Tano wuxuu sameeyaa dhowr kiiloomitir oo ugu dambeeya xadka [[Ghana–Ivory Coast border|dhulka caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Tano Basin |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ |publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> [[Traditional religion|Caqiidooyinka maxalliga ah]] ee [[Bono people|dadka Bono]] ayaa aaminsan in Taakora, oo ah ilaaha ugu sarreeya ilaahyada Bono ee Dunida, uu ku nool yahay isha webiga.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] ''patachu.com''.</ref> Dadkii ugu dambeeyay ee ka mid ah [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), oo ah mid ka mid ah [[primate|xayawaanka]] ugu halista badan dunida, ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ku nool yihiin kaynta u dhaxaysa webiga iyo Ehy Lagoon.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Ilaa badhtamihii [[2008]], aaggan waxaa loo qorsheeyay [[logging|in la gooyo]] kayntiisa ay shirkadda [[Unilever]], iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo [[oil palm|timirta saliidda]] [[plantation|beeraha]].<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Bishii [[January]] ee [[2020]], baabuur xamuul ah oo waday [[sulfuric acid]] ayaa ku dhacay webiga Tano. 13-kii Janaayo dadka ayaa lagula taliyay inaysan cabin biyaha sababtoo ah wasakhowga. Webiga tan iyo markaas waxaa loo soo celiyay xaaladdiisa dabiiciga ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Bulaacada iyo Biyaha == Webiga Tano waa marin-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Bulaacada Tano, oo ah mid ka mid ah afarta bulaacadood ee waaweyn ee koonfur-galbeed Ghana, oo ay weheliyaan bulaacadaha Ankobra, Bia, iyo Pra. Bulaacadu waxay daboolaysaa qiyaastii 16,060 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, taas oo qiyaastii 92.6% ay ku taal gudaha Ghana iyo 7.4% ay u gudubto Ivory Coast.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=TANO BASIN |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/tano/}}</ref> Bulaacadu waxay ku fidsan tahay inta u dhaxaysa loolka ''5°00′ N'' iyo ''7°40′ N'' iyo dhigaha 1°48′ W iyo ''3°05′ W''. Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn ee Webiga Tano waxaa ka mid ah ''Boin'', ''Disue'', ''Amama'', ''Abu'', ''Gaw'', ''Suraw'', ''Samre'', ''Totua'', iyo ''webiyada Disri''.<ref name=":1" /> Bulaacada Tano waxay taageertaa [[agriculture|beeraha]], [[forestry|kaymaha]], [[mining|macdanta]], iyo sahayda biyaha guriga ee koonfur-galbeed Ghana iyo koonfur-bari Ivory Coast. Nidaamka webigu wuxuu bullaacaa gobol qani ku ah khayraadka macdanta, oo ay ku jiraan dahabka iyo kaydka bauxite.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tano River {{!}} Ghana, Ivory Coast & Burkina Faso {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tano-River |access-date=2026-06-16 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Deegaanka iyo Kala duwanaanshaha == Webiga Tano iyo qoyan-dhuleedyada la xiriira waxay taageeraan nidaamyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, gaar ahaan bulaacada hoose ee ku wareegsan kaymaha Tanoé-Ehy iyo [[Aby Lagoon complex|nidaamka Aby Lagoon]]. [[Habitat|Goobahan]] waxay ka kooban yihiin [[biodiversity|kala duwanaansho noole]] muhiim ah waxayna bixiyaan xiriir deegaan oo u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Koffi |first=Alexandre Tano Kan |date=2025-07-21 |title=Comprehensive Analysis of the Tano River and Its Basin |url=https://tanoriver.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-tano-river-and-its-basin/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=The Tano River |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260616183942/https://tanoriver.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-tano-river-and-its-basin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bulaacadu waxay sidoo kale taageertaa noocyo badan oo kalluun ah, shimbiraha qoyan-dhuleedka, iyo nidaamyada deegaanka kaynta kuleylaha kuwaas oo si sii kordheysa loogu hanjabay xaalufinta kaymaha, ballaarinta beeraha, iyo hawlaha macdanta sharci darrada ah.<ref name=":2" /> == Caqabadaha Deegaanka == Bulaacada Webiga Tano waxay wajahaysaa cadaadis [[environmental|deegaan]] oo kordhaya oo ka imanaya [[deforestation|xaalufinta kaymaha]], [[pollution|wasakhowga]], '''''macdan qodista sharci darrada ah''''' (oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''[[galamsey]]''), iyo [[agricultural expansion|ballaarinta beeraha]]. Hawlahani waxay gacan ka geystaan hoos u dhaca tayada biyaha, sedimentation, iyo luminta deegaanka.<ref name=":2" /> Iskaashiga xuduudaha ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo [[Ivory Coast|Côte d’Ivoire]] ayaa si sii kordheysa muhiim u ah si loo hubiyo maaraynta waarta ee khayraadka biyaha iyo [[Ecosystem|nidaamyada deegaanka]] ee webiga.<ref name=":1" /> == Qoraallada == {{Reflist}} == Tixraac == {{Commons}} * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24. adw27z6ej42nes9dv7tnotn2s1vat8s 0 48738 303309 301379 2026-07-26T03:26:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Kafue | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Kafue river02.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Kafue, Chamufumbu, u dhow Lubungu Pontoon, Zambia | map = Kafue OSM.svg | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Dooxada Webiga Kafue | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Zambia]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Kitwe]], [[Mazabuka]], [[Kafue|Magaalada Kafue]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->| length = {{convert|1576|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|320|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Xadka Zambia iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo waqooyi-galbeed ee Kipushi, [[North-Western Province, Zambia|Gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed]], [[Zambia]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|11|36|S|27|12|E|type:river_region:ZM|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1350|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Zambezi]] | mouth_location = u dhow [[Chirundu, Zambia|Chirundu]], [[Southern Province, Zambia|Gobolka Koonfurta]], [[Zambia]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-15.9429|28.9143|format=dms|type:river_region:ZM|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|410|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Zambezi]] | basin_size = {{convert|155000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Kafue''' oo dhererkiisu yahay 1576 km waa webiga ugu dheer ee si buuxda ugu dhex yaal [[Zambia]].<ref name="kambole">{{cite journal|last1=Kambole|first1=Michael|title=Managing the water quality of the Kafue River|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth|year=2003|volume=28|issue=20–27|pages=1105–1109|doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.031|bibcode=2003PCE....28.1105K|url=http://bscw-app1.let.ethz.ch/pub/nj_bscw.cgi/d11576701/Kafue_2003_Managing_the.pdf|access-date=19 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Biyihiisa waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[waraabka]] iyo dhalinta [[Hydroelectricity|korontada biyaha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/rivers/kafue/|title=Webiga Kafue}}</ref> Waa [[tributary|qulqulka]] ugu weyn ee [[Zambezi]],<ref>{{Cite report |author= The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank |author-link=worldbank.org |year=2010 |title=The Zambezi River Basin A Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Analysis |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/Zambezi_MSIOA_-_Vol_1_-_Summary_Report.pdf}}</ref> waxaana ka mid ah webiyada ugu waaweyn ee Zambia, waa kan ugu dhexeeya uguna [[Urban area|magaalaysan]]. In ka badan 50% ka mid ah [[Demographics of Zambia|dadka Zambia]] waxay ku nool yihiin Dooxada Webiga Kafue, kuwaas oo qiyaastii 65% ay yihiin dad magaalo.<ref name="kambole"/> Wuxuu leeyahay heer qulqul celcelis ahaan ah 320 m3/s qaybtiisa hoose, iyadoo leh kala duwanaansho xilliyeed weyn. Webigu wuxuu sannadkii 10 km3 ku shubaa [[Webiga Zambezi]].<ref name="AAAS"/> == Marinka == === Isha === Webiga Kafue wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa joog dhan 1350 m oo ku yaal [[madal-dhuleed]] siman oo ka hooseeya xadka u dhexeeya [[Zambia]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]] 120 km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Chingola]] ee [[Copperbelt Province]]. Isha Webiga Kafue waxay ku taal [[North-Western Province, Zambia|Gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed]] ee Zambia. Aaggu waa [[Miombo]] [[woodland]] oo ku taal biyaha qaybiya ee Congo-Zambezi, iyadoo leh [[dambos]] badan oo laamood leh kuwaas oo 10 ilaa 20 m ka hooseeya dhulka ugu sarreeya, iyadoo soo saaraysa [[topography]] si jilicsan u ruxmaya. Webigu wuxuu ku bilaabmaa sida dhibic ka timaada dambos qoyan (Munyanshi Swamp waa qulqul) iyo iyadoo leh jiir hoose si loo dardargeliyo qulqulka webiga, wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-bari si caajis ah, 50 km gudaheedna wuxuu u yeeshaa dabeecadda webi qaangaar ah. Aaggu wuxuu helaa qiyaastii 1200 mm oo roob ah xilliga roobka, kanaalka webiguna wuxuu dhawaan gaaraa 100 m ballac iyadoo leh [[dhul-daad]] dambos fluvial ah oo ballacoodu yahay 1 ilaa 2 km.<ref name="Google">[http://earth.google.com Google Earth] la helay 1 Maarso 2007.</ref> === Copperbelt === Kahor inta uusan webigu gaarin magaalooyinka [[Copperbelt]], si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu lumiyaa dhul-daadkiisa ballaaran, kanaalku wuxuu cidhiidhi ku noqdaa 30–40 m wuxuuna yareeyaa qallooca, dooxad gacmeed 40 m ama wax ka badan ka hooseeya madal-dhuleedka ku xeeran. Wuxuu u qulqulaa meel u dhow magaalooyinka Copperbelt ee [[Chililabombwe]], [[Chingola]] iyo [[Mufulira]], wuxuuna dhex maraa duleedka [[Kitwe]].<ref name="ITM">Terracarta/International Travel Maps, Vancouver Canada: "Zambia, 2nd edition", 2000</ref> Goobta caanka ah ee loo dalxiiso ee Hippo Pool ee waqooyiga Chingola ayaa loo ilaaliyay sidii [[National Monuments of Zambia|taallo qaran]]. Copperbelt-ka, biyaha waxaa laga qaadaa webiga si loo [[Irrigation|waraabiyo]] beeraha yaryar iyo [[Market gardening|beeraha suuqa]]. Kitwe wuxuu ka beddelaa jihada koonfur-galbeed wuxuuna u qulqulaa kaynta iyo aagagga dhagaxa fidsan kuwaas oo uu fataho xilliga roobka, isagoo ku sii jira kanaal qiyaastii 50 m ballac ah xilliga abaarta.<ref name="Google"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Norrgren|first1=L.|last2=Pettersson|first2=U.|last3=Örn|first3=S.|last4=Bergqvist|first4=P.-A.|date=2000-04-01|title=Environmental Monitoring of the Kafue River, Located in the Copperbelt, Zambia|journal=Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology|volume=38|issue=3|pages=334–341|doi=10.1007/s002449910044|pmid=10667931|bibcode=2000ArECT..38..334N |s2cid=11407966|issn=0090-4341}}</ref> === Lukanga Swamp === {{main|Lukanga Swamp}} Webigu wuxuu mar kale horumariyaa qalloocyo adag iyo xirmo kanaallo ah oo ku yaal dhul-daad qoyan, oo leh [[Oxbow lake|oxbow lakes]] iyo lagoons. Wuxuu u qulqulaa 20 km galbeedka qaybta joogtada ah ee [[Lukanga Swamp]] oo ka buuxisa niyad-jab wareeg ah, taas oo ku qulqulata kanaal ilaa Kafue. Aagga u dhexeeya qoyanada iyo webiga waa dhul-daad marka taasi iyo aagagga ku xeeran ay fatahaan xilliga roobka, qoyanada isku-dhafan waxay ka badan yihiin 6,000 km2.<ref name="Google"/> Tani waa kii ugu horreeyay ee saddexda aag ee ugu waaweyn duurjoogta webiga, waana kan ugu yar ee la sahmiyo oo la ilaaliyo. === Kafue National Park === {{main|Kafue National Park}} Dabeecadda webigu way isbeddeshaa mar kale, maadaama uu sameeyo kanaal xilli-abaareed oo aan qalloocanayn oo leh bangiyo ciid ah iyo jasiirado. Isagoo sii wada koonfur-galbeed wuxuu galaa [[Kafue National Park]], oo ah beerta qaran ee labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika, halkaas oo uu ka helo labadiisa qulqul ee ugu waaweyn, webiyada Lunga iyo Lufupa, sidoo kale waqooyiga.<ref name="ITM"/> Kafue waxay ku taal geeska koonfur-bari ee Busanga Plain, oo ah mid ka mid ah aagagga [[wildlife|duurjoogta]] ee ugu horreeya Afrika, oo loo yaqaan raxan badan oo [[cape buffalo]], [[zebra]] iyo [[antelope]]. Xilliga roobka Lufupa wuxuu fatahaa bannaanka.<ref name="Spectrum">Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996.</ref> === Itezhi-Tezhi Gap === {{main|Itezhi-Tezhi Dam}} Sida webiyada sare ee Zambezi, [[Okavango River|Okavango]] iyo [[Cuando River|Cuando]], Kafue wuxuu u qulquli jiray koonfur ilaa [[Lake Makgadikgadi]] iyo ilaa [[Limpopo River]], laakiin dhulka aaggaas ayaa la [[Tectonic uplift|kordhiyay]]. Dooxada rift-ka ayaa samaysay oo u qulqulaysay bari ilaa meesha Kafue National Park uu hadda yahay, webiga Kafue wuxuu ka nabaad-guuriyay kanaal la yiraahdo Itezhi-Tezhi Gap iyada oo loo marayo buuro qiyaastii 100 m ah, isagoo u qulqulaya bari. [[Itezhi-Tezhi Dam]] waxaa la dhisay 1977 meesha bannaanka ah waxayna hadda samaysaa kayd biyo ah oo dhererkiisu yahay 50 km iyo ilaa 10 km ballac.<ref name="Spectrum"/> === Kafue Flats === {{main|Kafue Flats}} Sii bari, webigu wuxuu si caajis ah ugu qulqulaa bannaanka fidsan ee loo yaqaan Kafue Flats (oo hore loo yiqiin ''Butwa'' ka dib dadka [[Kafwe Twa|Twa]]) iyo markii saddexaad wuxuu horumariyaa qalloocyo adag oo ku yaal kanaallo qoyan iyo lagoons. Markan si kastaba ha ahaatee wuxuu sidoo kale leeyahay [[Zambezian flooded grasslands|dhul-daad]] weyn oo aan waddooyin ama tareenno ka gudbin, 240 km dherer iyo qiyaastii 50 km ballac,<ref name="Google"/> oo fatahay ilaa qoto dheer oo ka yar mitir xilliga roobka (qoto dheer lagoons qaar iyo aagag qoyan joogto ah), iyo engegitaanka ilaa ciid madow oo dhoobo ah xilliga abaarta. Kafue Flats waa aagga saddexaad ee ugu weyn duurjoogta webiga. Tobanaan kun oo Kafue Lechwe ah ayaa ku nool Kafue Flats waxaana loo habeeyay inay u gudbaan aagagga fatahay. Aaggani wuxuu kaloo leeyahay mid ka mid ah noocyada iyo cufnaanta ugu weyn ee shimbiraha adduunka. [[Lochinvar National Park|Lochinvar]] iyo [[Blue Lagoon National Park]]s ayaa laga dhisay bannaanka. Agagaarka [[Mazabuka]] marka webigu u dhawaado magaalada [[Kafue]], beeraha sonkorta iyo hantida kale ee waaweyn ee beeraha ayaa laga dhisay ciidda madow ee bacrinka ah waxayna isticmaalaan biyaha webiga xilliga abaarta.<ref name="Spectrum"/> === Kafue Gorge iyo Dam === [[File:Victoria Falls National Park marker.jpg|thumb|Calaamadda Beerta Qaranka ee Victoria Falls]] Kafue Flats waxay ku dhammaataa magaalada Kafue iyo halkaas, maadaama dooxada rift-ku ay sii qoto dheeraanayso, webigu wuxuu hoos ugu dhacaa 550 m muddo 60 km ah iyada oo loo marayo [[Kafue Gorge]].<ref name="Google"/> Biyo-xireen labaad, [[Kafue Gorge Dam]], oo leh kayd biyo ah oo yar, ayaa dhaliya koronto. Zambezi-ga hoose (oo asal ahaan ahaa webi gooni ah) ayaa dib u dhex maray dooxooyinka rift-ka ugu dambeyntiina [[River capture|qabsaday]] Kafue. Isku-darkoodu waa qiyaastii 20 km waqooyiga [[Chirundu, Zambia|Chirundu]].<ref name="ITM"/> == Buundooyinka == === Tareenka === Fiiri [[Kafue Railway Bridge]] si aad u hesho xisaab buuxda. Waxaa la furay 1906 si loogu xiro [[Kafue]] iyo [[Mazabuka]] asal ahaanna waxaa loola jeeday inay qayb ka noqoto [[Cape to Cairo Railway]]. === Waddada === Buundada waddada ee ugu horreysay ee ka gudubta Kafue ayaa asal ahaan laga dhisay Thames ee London intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Dagaalka ka dib, waa la kala dhigdhigay waxaana la rakibay qiyaastii 9 km hoos u socota buundada tareenka. Markii hore, taraafikada waddada ayaa ka gudbi jiray webiga pontoon. [[T3 road (Zambia)|T3 road]] waxay ka gudubtaa webiga u dhexeeya [[Chililabombwe]] iyo [[Chingola]] iyo sidoo kale magaalada [[Kitwe]], labaduba waxay ku yaalliin [[Copperbelt Province]]. [[T2 road (Zambia)|T2 road]] ([[Cape to Cairo Road]]) waxay ka gudubtaa webiga 10 km koonfurta xarunta magaalada [[Kafue]]. [[Lusaka–Mongu Road]] waxay ka gudubtaa webiga ee Kafue Hook Bridge ee [[Kafue National Park]]. == Arrimaha deegaanka == === Wasakhaynta === Maadaama uu dhex maro Copperbelt Webiga Kafue wuxuu halis weyn ugu jiraa [[pollution|wasakhaynta]], ma aha oo kaliya [[Urban Waste|qashinka magaalada]] laakiin ka [[copper|naxaas]] [[mine tailings|macdanta]].<ref>[http://www.visitzambia.co.zm/lk/news/kafue_province_campaigners_consider_suing_kcm_zambian_government_over_kafue_river_pollution Visit Zambia website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.visitzambia.co.zm/lk/news/kafue_province_campaigners_consider_suing_kcm_zambian_government_over_kafue_river_pollution |date=20070110232019 }} : "Kafue Province Campaigners consider suing KCM, Zambian Government over Kafue River Pollution." La helay 1 Maarso 2007.</ref> Aagagga qoyan ee galbeedka Lukanga Swamp waxay caawiyaan wasakhda inay degto si webigu u noqdo mid cad dhinaca hoose. Warbixin bishii Abriil 2002 ayaa tiri: ''… qoyanada dabiiciga ah ayaa aad waxtar ugu leh xakameynta wasakhaynta biyaha ee macdanta Copperbelt … Imtixaanadu waxay muujinayaan in Kafue uu ka nadiif yahay wasakhda macdanta ee hoose ee Copperbelt.''<ref>[http://www.blacksmithinstitute.org/zambmore.shtml Blacksmith Institute website: Zambia Country Report (April 2002)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.blacksmithinstitute.org/zambmore.shtml |date=20071011175622 }} la helay 1 Maarso 2007.</ref> [[Kafue Flats|Kafue flats]], dheecaanka fosfatka ee xad-dhaafka ah ee ka yimaada beeraha ganacsiga iyo Nakambala Sugar Estate waxay keeni karaan koritaanka haramaha, iyadoo hoos u dhigaysa dadka kalluunka.<ref name="AAAS">[http://www.aaas.org/international/ehn/waterpop/zambia.htm American Association for the Advancement of Science website] : H N. Weza Chabwela & Wanga Mumba, "Integrating Water Conservation and Population Strategies on the Kafue Flats", Report of a Workshop on Water and Population Dynamics, Montreal, Canada, October 1996.</ref> Dheecaanka ka yimaada macdanta ee leh cadmium, lead iyo mercury ayaa burburiyay Webiga Kafue. Bixinta biyaha magaalada ayaa la hakiyay markii Webiga Kafue uu noqday buluug sababtoo ah dheecaanka slurry. Sababo la xiriira baaxaddiisa iyo goobtiisa juqraafi, dooxada Webiga Kafue waa [[ecosystem]] oo bixiya adeegyo iyo taageero bulshooyinka iyo warshadaha oo leh dano kala duwan iyo mararka qaarkood iska hor imanaya isticmaalka khayraadka webiga. 1999, [[World Wildlife Fund]] (WWF) waxay bilowday wadahadal u dhexeeya Dawladda Zambia, [[ZESCO|Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation]] (ZESCO) iyo dadka deegaanka si loo soo celiyo qaab qulqul dabiici ah oo dheeraad ah oo ka yimaada sii daynta biyaha ee [[Itezhi-Tezhi Dam]] oo laga dhisay Webiga Kafue.<ref>{{cite web|last=United|first=Nations|title=Innovations for Sustainable Development: Local case studies from Africa.|url=https://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/africa_casestudies/publication.pdf|publisher=United Nations|access-date=7 November 2011}}</ref> Mashruucan ayaa saameyn weyn ku yeeshay horumarinta siyaasadda Dawladda Zambia ee khayraadka biyaha iyo bishii Febraayo 2010, Golaha Wasiirada ee Zambia waxay ansixiyeen siyaasad qaran oo biyo ah oo dib loo eegay oo "ujeedadeedu tahay in la horumariyo maareynta khayraadka biyaha iyadoo la dhisayo isuduwidda hay'adaha, ka qayb qaadashada hababka casriga ah ee maareynta khayraadka biyaha ee isku-dhafan iyada oo la dhimayo siyaasadda dawladda si wax looga qabto dano kala duwan oo ka dhex jira qaybta biyaha".<ref>{{cite web|title=Global Dimensions of Change in River Basins: Threats Linkages and Adaptation|url=http://www.gwsp.org/fileadmin/GCI_conference/Products/GWSP-GCI%20conference%202010%20Proceedings.pdf|publisher=Global Systems Water Project|access-date=7 November 2011}}</ref> ==== Burburka biyo-xireenka Tailings ==== {{Main article|2025 Sino-Metals Leach Zambia dam disaster}} 18 Febraayo 2025, [[tailings dam]] oo ay lahayd macdan naxaas ah oo ay maamulayso Sino-Metals Leach Zambia [[2025 Sino-Metals Leach Zambia dam disaster|burburtay]] ee Copperbelt Province, taas oo keentay 50 milyan oo litir oo qashin ah oo leh asiidh xoog leh, adke iyo biraha culus inay galaan qulqulka Webiga Kafue iyo kicinta xiritaanka biyaha ee [[Kitwe]].<ref name="ap_20250315_spill">{{Cite news |last1=Kille|first1=Richard |last2=Zimba |first2=Jacob |date=15 March 2025 |title=A river 'died' overnight in Zambia after an acidic waste spill at a Chinese-owned mine |url=https://apnews.com/article/mining-pollution-china-zambia-environment-93ee91d1156471aaf9a7ebd6f51333c1 |access-date=15 March 2025 |work=AP News |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317035516/https://apnews.com/article/mining-pollution-china-zambia-environment-93ee91d1156471aaf9a7ebd6f51333c1 |archive-date=17 March 2025 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Itezhi-Tezhi iyo Kafue Gorge Dams === {{main|Itezhi-Tezhi Dam}} Kuwani waxay saameyn weyn oo xun ku yeesheen webiga.<ref name="AAAS"/> === Biyo waraabka === [[Plantation|Beeraha]] ganacsiga, gaar ahaan kuwa xuduudka la leh Kafue flats waxay qaataan tiro badan oo biyo ah waraabka. Midda ugu weyn waa Nakambala Sugar Estate, oo soo saarta in ka badan 720,000 m3 maalintii si loo waraabiyo 134.13 kilomitir labajibbaaran oo dhul ah si loo beero sonkor.<ref name="AAAS"/> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} * [http://www.visitzambia.co.zm/ Ololaha Booqo Zambia] {{Authority control}} fpetqnph80pjdz6ei3em4xxx733swkw 0 48918 303310 302068 2026-07-26T03:56:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Revúboé | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_caption = | map = Revuboe Basin OSM.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Dooxada Revuboe | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = Mozambique | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|187.95|mi|km|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Buuraha Mozambique | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Webiga Zambezi | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-16.1789|33.6185|type:river_region:MZ|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Revúboé''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Wabigu waa [[wabi-laan]] weyn oo joogto ah oo ku shubma [[Webiga Zambezi]]. == Sharaxaad == Isagoo ka soo jeeda buuraha ku teedsan xuduudda waqooyi ee Mozambique iyo [[Malawi]], Revúboé wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta dherer dhan dhowr boqol oo kiiloomitir isagoo maraya dhul qallafsan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hub.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/risky-climate-southern-african-hydro-assessing-hydrological-risks-and-consequences-zambezi-river-basin-dams/lower-zambezi-region|title=The lower Zambezi region {{!}} Global CCS Institute|website=hub.globalccsinstitute.com|access-date=2019-05-27|archive-date=2019-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527170621/https://hub.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/risky-climate-southern-african-hydro-assessing-hydrological-risks-and-consequences-zambezi-river-basin-dams/lower-zambezi-region|url-status=dead}}</ref> Inta uu u socdo koonfurta, wabiga waxaa quudiya dhowr wabi oo yaryar, kuwaas oo ugu caansan ay yihiin wabiyaasha Ponfi iyo Condedezi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zapper.xitizap.com/xitizap%2032/index_files/Page369.htm|title=Cahora Bassa - jusante|website=zapper.xitizap.com|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Revuboe wuxuu ku shubaa dhanka bidix ee Webiga Zambezi meel u dhow magaalada [[Tete, Mozambique|Tete]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gG2MDwAAQBAJ&q=Revuboe+River&pg=PA90|title=Mines, Communities, and States: The Local Politics of Natural Resource Extraction in Africa|last=Steinberg|first=Jessica|date=2019-04-11|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108476935|language=en}}</ref> === Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale === Revúboé wuxuu maraa meel u dhow qaar ka mid ah kaydka ugu waaweyn ee dhuxusha iyo kookaha ee Mozambique; sidaas darteed, dhowr mashruuc oo waaweyn oo macdanta ah ayaa biyo ka soo saara wabiga si ay ugu isticmaalaan hawlaha macdanta.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Mining, Resettlement and Lost Livelihoods: Listening to the Voices of Resettled Communities in Mualadzi, Mozambique | url=https://www.im4dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Mozambique-FR-1psum-appr.pdf | archive-date=2016-06-03 | access-date=2026-07-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603113152/http://im4dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Mozambique-FR-1psum-appr.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Dhowr warshadood oo koronto-dhaliyaha biyaha (hydroelectric) ayaa ku yaal wabiga dhexdiisa. Revuboe waxaa loo tixgeliyey goob loogu talagalay warshado kale oo koronto-dhaliyaha biyaha ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serafim |first=Tiago |title=Evaluation of potential sites for the construction of hydropower plants in the Revuboe River |url=https://www.academia.edu/30545519}}</ref> Biyaha iyo nafaqooyinka wabiga ee ka yimaada waqooyiga dalka ayaa kiciya beeraha inta uu wabigu marayo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.guernicamag.com/mozambiques-mining-boomtown/|title=Mozambique's Mining Boomtown|last=Gerety|first=Rowan Moore|date=2013-05-15|website=Guernica|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Dhulkii u dhow afka wabiga ayaa ahaan jiray beerro bacrin ah, laakiin raritaankii ay dawladdu garwadeenka ka ahayd ee beeralayda (oo loo sameeyay si loo nadiifiyo dhulka mashaariicda macdanta) sanadihii 2010-kii ayaa keentay hoos u dhac ku yimaada dhaqdhaqaaqa beeraha.<ref name=":0" /> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} cdbag6cc32gio7vaq69sz1d248i5gon 0 49132 303307 302141 2026-07-26T02:58:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bahr Aouk | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Aoukalé | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa Chari oo uu ku jiro Bahr Aouk (dhexda midig) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Jaad]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> |length_km=650 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Chari]] oo ku taal xadka gobolka Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe, [[Jaad]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|50|42|N|18|52|35|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|367|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_km2=103577 | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Bahr Kameur]]; Teté; Gourdai | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Xaaladda ilaalinta | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat | designation1_date = 1 May 2006 | designation1_number = 1621<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1621|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Webiga Bahr Aouk''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Afrika]]. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa bariga [[Jaad]] oo ku taal xadka [[Suudaan]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed, isagoo samaynaya qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah xadka caalamiga ah ee u dhexeeya Jaad iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]. Bahr Aouk wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Chari]], kaas oo ka baxa xadka uuna u qulqulo waqooyi gudaha Jaad. == Haydaroometeri == Qulqulka wabiga waxaa la daawaday muddo 22 sano ah (1952–74) gudaha [[Golongoso]], oo ah magaalo ku taal meel u dhow meesha uu Bahr Aouk uu kaga biirayo Chari.<ref>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1537700.html GRDC - The Bahr Aouk at Golongoso]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah ee la cabbiray muddadan wuxuu ahaa {{convert|74|m3/s|cuft/s}}, isagoo ka soo qulqulaya aag qiyaastii {{convert|96000|km2|mi2}} kaas oo ah saamiga ugu sarreeya ee wadarta guud ee aagga biyo-qabashada ee wabiga. {{center| '''Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee wabiga Bahr Aouk ee saldhigga haydarooliga ee Golongosso (oo ah m³ / s)''' <br /> (Loo xisaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta muddo 22 sano ah, 1952–74) <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:250 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:220 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:40 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Janawari bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Luulyo bar:Aoû text:Agoosto bar:Sep text:Sebt. bar:Oct text:Okt. bar:Nov text:Nof. bar:Déc text:Dis. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 72.2 bar:Fév from:0 till: 30.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 19.4 bar:Avr from:0 till: 13.1 bar:Mai from:0 till: 9.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 14.6 bar:Jul from:0 till: 17.7 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 47.9 bar:Sep from:0 till: 122 bar:Oct from:0 till: 196 bar:Nov from:0 till: 201 bar:Déc from:0 till: 147 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 72.2 fontsize:S text: 72,2 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 30.9 fontsize:S text: 30,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 19.4 fontsize:S text: 19,4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 13.1 fontsize:S text: 13,1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 9.9 fontsize:S text: 9,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 14.6 fontsize:S text: 14,6 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 17.7 fontsize:S text: 17,7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 47.9 fontsize:S text: 47,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 122 fontsize:S text: 122 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 196 fontsize:S text: 196 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 201 fontsize:S text: 201 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 147 fontsize:S text: 147 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> }} == Tixraacyo == <references/> fpl41ynr7iv0jhc8rc1ek090axacydo 0 49164 303286 302580 2026-07-25T13:06:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Greater Accra | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = The Aerial View of Accra, the capital town of Ghana.jpg | image_caption = Muuqaalka cirka ee Accra | image_map = Greater Accra in Ghana 2018.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Greater Accra ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | image_flag = Flag of Greater Accra Region.svg | flag_size = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Linda Obenewaa Akweley Ocloo]] | leader_title1 = Duqa Magaalada | leader_name1 = Mohammed Adjei Sowah | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Accra]] | area_total_km2 = 3245 | area_footnotes = <ref name="Greater Accra Population">{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=1 |title=Greater Accra Region |access-date=2015-05-19 |publisher=Ghanadistricts.com}}</ref> | area_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 10-aad]] | population_total = 5455692 | population_as_of = 2021 tirakoob | population_footnotes = <ref name="Greater Accra Population"/> | population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 2-aad]] | population_density_km2 = auto | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2021)}} | blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 0.707<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#0c0|sare}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|1-aad]] | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2013 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $2,500 | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 29 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-AA]] | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|030]] }} '''Gobolka Greater Accra''' wuxuu leeyahay bedka ugu yar [[Ghana]] ee [[Gobolada Ghana|16-ka gobol ee maamul]], isagoo ku fadhiya guud ahaan dhul dhan 3,245 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About GAR – Greater Accra Region |url=https://www.gtarcc.gov.gh/index.php/about-gar/ |access-date=2023-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tani waa 1.4% guud ahaan bedka dhulka Ghana. Waa gobolka ugu dadka badan, iyadoo dadku gaarayaan 5,455,692 sanadkii 2021, taas oo ka dhigan 17.7% guud ahaan dadka Ghana.<ref name="Population & Housing Census 2010">{{cite web|title=Population & Housing Census 2010|url=http://statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|website=Ghana Statistical Service|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=22 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222235005/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Greater Accra - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/82-greater-accra |access-date=2019-05-19 |website=Government of Ghana |archive-date=2018-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117194242/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/82-greater-accra |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gobolka Greater Accra waa gobolka ugu magaaloobay dalka, iyadoo 87.4% dadkiisu ay ku nool yihiin xarumaha magaalooyinka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G02540.pdf |title=The Urban Transition in Ghana: Urbanization, National Development and Poverty Reduction |last=Songsore |first=Jacob}}</ref> Gobolka Greater Accra waxaa dhanka woqooyi ka xiga [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Gobolka Bariga]], dhanka bari waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Volta]], dhanka koonfureed waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Guinea]], dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]]. Waxa uu ka kooban yahay 29 goobood oo maamul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FACT-CHECK: Walewale MP’s claim that his constituency is bigger than Greater Accra Region is False - Ghana Fact |url=https://ghanafact.com/fact-check-walewale-mps-claim-that-his-constituency-is-bigger-than-greater-accra-region-is-false/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Sanadkii 1960, Greater Accra, oo markaas loo yaqaanay Accra Capital District, waxay dhanka juquraafi ahaan qayb ka ahayd [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Gobolka Bariga]]. Waxaa si gaar ah u maamuli jiray Wasiirka masuulka ka ah dawladda hoose. Iyadoo ka bilaabmaysa 23 Luulyo 1982, Greater Accra waxaa lagu abuuray Xeerka Gobolka Greater Accra (PNDCL 26) sidii gobol sharci ahaan u madax-bannaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=1&sa=26|title=Greater Accra Region - Political Administration|access-date=29 September 2010}}</ref> == Maamulka == [[Image:Districts of the Greater Accra Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Greater Accra]] Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 29 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 2 degmo oo magaalo madax ah, 23 degmo oo magaalooyin ah iyo 4 gole caadi ah).<ref name="Greater Accra Population" /> Degmo kasta, Magaalo ama Deegaan Magaalo iyo deegaan doorashada u dhigma, waxaa maamula Guddoomiye iyo Xubin Baarlamaan, oo matala dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo guddoomiye laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha. MMDA's waxaa laga kordhiyay 3 ilaa 5 sanadkii 1988; ka dib 5 ilaa 6 sanadkii 2004; ka dib 6 ilaa 10 sanadkii 2008; ka dib 10 ilaa 16 sanadkii 2012; iyo dhawaan 16 ilaa 29 sanadkii 2018. Tirada deegaan doorashooyinka waxay korodhay/baahday 22 ilaa 27 sanadkii 2004 iyo 34 ka hor [[doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2012]]. Liisku waa sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Degmo !Caasimad !Deegaan Doorasho !Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- |[[Ablekuma Central Municipal District|Ablekuma Central Municipal]] |[[Lartebiokorshie]] |[[Ablekuma Central]] |[[Dan Abdul-latif]] |NDC |- |[[Ablekuma North Municipal District|Ablekuma North Municipal]] |[[Darkuman]] |[[Ablekuma North]] |[[Shiela Bartels|Sheila Bartels]] |NPP |- |[[Ablekuma West Municipal District|Ablekuma West Municipal]] |[[Dansoman]] |[[Ablekuma West]] |[[Ursula Owusu|Ursula G Owusu]] |NPP |- | rowspan="4" |[[Accra Metropolitan District|Accra Metropolitan]] | rowspan="4" |[[Accra]] |[[Ablekuma South]] |[[Alfred Oko Vanderpuije|Alfred Okoe Vanderpuije]] |NDC |- |[[Odododiodio]] |[[Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye]] |NDC |- |[[Okaikwei Central (Ghana parliament constituency)|Okaikwei Central]] |[[Patrick Yaw Boamah]] |NPP |- |[[Okaikwei South]] |[[Dakoa Newman]] |NPP |- |[[Ada East District|Ada East]] |[[Ada Foah]] |[[Ada (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ada]] |[[Comfort Doyoe Cudjoe-Ghansah]] |NDC |- |[[Ada West District|Ada West]] |[[Sege (town)|Sege]] |[[Sege (Ghana parliament constituency)|Sege]] |[[Christian Corleytey Otuteye]] |NDC |- |[[Adenta Municipal District|Adenta Municipal]] |[[Adenta]] |[[Adenta (Ghana parliament constituency)|Adenta]] |[[Mohammed Adamu Ramadan]] |NDC |- |[[Ashaiman Municipal]] |[[Ashaiman]] |[[Ashaiman (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ashaiman]] |[[Ernest Henry Norgbey]] |NDC |- |[[Ayawaso Central Municipal District|Ayawaso Central Municipal]] |[[Kokomlemle]] |[[Ayawaso Central]] |[[Henry Quartey]] |NPP |- |[[Ayawaso East Municipal District|Ayawaso East Municipal]] |[[Nima (town)|Nima]] |[[Ayawaso East]] |[[Naser Toure Mahama]] |NDC |- |[[Ayawaso North Municipal District|Ayawaso North Municipal]] |[[Accra New Town]] |[[Ayawaso North (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ayawaso North]] |[[Yussif Issaka Jajah]] |NDC |- |[[Ayawaso West Municipal District|Ayawaso West Municipal]] |[[Dzorwulu]] |[[Ayawaso West]] |[[Lydia Alhassan]] |NPP |- |[[Ga Central District|Ga Central Municipal]] |[[Sowutuom]] |[[Anyaa-Sowutuom (Ghana parliamentary constituency)|Anyaa-Sowutuom]] |[[Dickson Adomako Kissi]] |NPP |- |[[Ga East Municipal District|Ga East Municipal]] |[[Abokobi]] |[[Dome-Kwabenya]] |[[Sarah Adwoa Safo]] |NPP |- |[[Ga North Municipal District|Ga North Municipal]] |[[Amomole]] |[[Trobu (Ghana parliament constituency)|Trobu]] |[[Moses Anim]] |NPP |- | rowspan="2" |[[Ga South Municipal District|Ga South Municipal]] | rowspan="2" |[[Ngleshie Amanfro]] |[[Bortianor-Ngleshie-Amanfrom (Ghana parliament constituency)|Bortianor-Ngleshie-Amanfrom]] |[[Sylvester Tetteh]] |NPP |- |[[Domeabra-Obom]] |[[Sophia Karen Edem Ackuaku]] |NDC |- |[[Ga West Municipal District|Ga West Municipal]] |[[Amasaman]] |[[Amasaman (Ghana parliament constituency)|Amasaman]] |[[Akwasi Owusu Afrifa-Mensah]] |NPP |- |[[Korle-Klottey Municipal District|Korle Klottey Municipal]] |[[Osu, Ghana|Osu]] |[[Korle Klottey (Ghana parliament constituency)|Korle Klottey]] |[[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]] |NDC |- |[[Kpone Katamanso Municipal District|Kpone Katamanso Municipal]] |[[Kpone]] |[[Kpone-Katamanso]] |[[Joseph Akuerteh]] |NDC |- |[[Krowor Municipal District|Krowor Municipal]] |[[Nungua]] |[[Krowor (Ghana parliament constituency)|Krowor]] |[[Agnes Naa Momo Lartey]] |NDC |- |[[La Dade Kotopon Municipal District|La Dade Kotopon Municipal]] |[[Labadi|La]] |[[Dade Kotopon]] |[[Rita Naa Odoley Sowah]] |NDC |- |[[La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal District|La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal]] |[[Madina]] |[[Abokobi-Madina]] |[[Francis-Xavier Kojo Sosu]] |NDC |- |[[Ledzokuku Municipal District|Ledzokuku Municipal]] |[[Teshie]] |[[Ledzokuku]] |[[Benjamin Ayiku Nartey]] |NDC |- |[[Ningo Prampram District|Ningo Prampram]] |[[Prampram]] |[[Ningo-Prampram]] |[[Sam Nartey George|Samuel George Nartey]] |NDC |- |[[Okaikwei North Municipal District|Okaikwei North Municipal]] |[[Achimota]] |[[Okaikwei North]] |[[Theresa Lardi Awuni]] |NDC |- |[[Shai Osudoku District|Shai Osudoku]] |[[Dodowa]] |[[Shai-Osudoku]] |[[Linda Obenewaa Akweley Ocloo]] |NDC |- | rowspan="2" |[[Tema Metropolis District|Tema Metropolitan]] | rowspan="2" |[[Tema]] |[[Tema Central (Ghana parliament constituency)|Tema Central]] |[[Yves Hanson-Nortey]] |NPP |- |[[Tema East]] |[[Isaac Ashai Odamtten]] |NDC |- |[[Tema West Municipal District|Tema West Municipal]] |[[Tema Community 18]] |[[Tema West]] |[[Carlos Kingsley Ahenkorah|Carlos Kingsley Ahenkora]] |NPP |- |[[Weija Gbawe Municipal District|Weija Gbawe Municipal]] |[[Weija]] |[[Weija (Ghana parliament constituency)|Weija]] |[[Tina Gifty Naa Ayele Mensah|Tina Gifty Naa Ayeley Mensah]] |NPP |} ==Demographics== ===Dadka=== [[Xarunta dadka]] ee gobolka Greater Accra waxay ku taal [[Accra|Greater Accra Metropolitan Area]] taas oo ka kooban degmooyinka [[Accra Metropolis District|Accra Metropolitan]], [[Tema Metropolis District|Tema Metropolitan]], [[Adenta Municipal District|Adenta Municipal]], [[La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal District]], [[Ashaiman Municipal District|Ashaiman Municipal]], [[Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal District|Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal]], [[Ga East Municipal District|Ga East Municipal]], [[Ga West Municipal District|Ga West Municipal]], iyo [[Ga South Municipal District|Ga South Municipal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=jii;view=text;rgn=main;idno=4750978.0016.105 |title =Environmental and Structural Inequalities in Greater Accra |access-date =2010-07-22|publisher =The Journal of the International Institute}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobkii 2010, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad dhan 4,010,054, taas oo ka dhigaysa gobolka labaad ee ugu dadka badan (wadarta guud ee dadka) ee [[Ghana]] ka dambeeya [[Gobolka Ashanti]].<ref name="Population & Housing Census 2010" /> {{Historical populations | 1984 | 1,431,099 | 2000 | 2,905,726 | 2010 | 4,010,054 | 2021 | 5,455,692 |align = none | footnote = xigasho:<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/cities/ Ghana population statistics]</ref> }} Kooxda [[Dadka Ga|Ga]] ee dadka [[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Ga-Dangme]] waa dadka taariikhiga ah ee Accra. Waxay sameeyaan kooxda ugu weyn ee qowmiyadaha hoose ee Gobolka Greater Accra, oo leh 18.9% dadka.<ref>[[Ga-Adangbe people]]</ref> Dadka Ga waxaa loo habeeyay lix magaalo oo madax-bannaan (Accra (Ga Mashie), Osu, La, Teshie, [[Nungua]], iyo [[Tema]]). Magaalo kastaa waxay lahayd kursi, kaas oo u adeegayay shayga dhexe ee caadooyinka Ga iyo sixirka dagaalka. Magaalada La waxay leedahay bangi bulsho oo u fidiya adeegyada bangiyada.<ref>{{cite web|title=La Community Bank|url=https://www.ghanayello.com/company/6653/La_Community_Bank_Ltd|website=Ghana Yello|access-date=19 April 2018}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Qaybta ugu weyn ee dadka Accra waa [[Dadka Akan|Akan]], oo ah 39.8% dadka. Kooxda xigta ee ugu weyn waa [[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Ga-Dangme]] oo ah 29.7% dadka. Taas ka dib 18% dadka waa [[Dadka Ewe|Ewe]].<ref name="ghana.gov.gh">{{cite web |title=Greater Accra - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/about-ghana/regions/greater-accra |access-date=21 August 2016 |website=Government of Ghana |archive-date=23 Bisha Labaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223225526/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/about-ghana/regions/greater-accra |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sanadkii 1960 dadka Gobolka Greater Accra waxay ahaayeen 491,817. Sanadkii 2000 dadku waxay ahaayeen 2,905,726. Sanadkii 2010 dadku waxay ahaayeen 4,010,054.<ref name="ghana.gov.gh" /><ref name="Population & Housing Census 2010" /> ===Diinta=== Xiriirka diimeed ee dadka gobolka Greater Accra waa sida hoos ku qoran:<ref name="Greater Accra Population" /> * [[Masiixiyad|Masiixi]] – 77.8% * [[Islaam|Muslim]] – 16.2% * Diimaha kale – 4.6% * Dhaqan – 1.4% ==Gaadiidka== Gobolka Greater Accra waxaa u adeega [[Madaarka Caalamiga ah ee Accra]] ee ku yaalla [[Accra]]. Madaarku wuxuu bixiyaa duulimaadyo ku socda gudaha Ghana, qaaradda Afrika iyo qaaradaha kale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accra International Airport – GACL |url=https://www.gacl.com.gh/accra-international-airport/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |language=en}}</ref> Waxaa jira [[Shirkadda Tareenka ee Ghana|xariiq tareen]] oo firfircoon oo isku xirta [[Accra]] iyo [[Tema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-01 |title=Tema-Mpakadan rail services reactivated by Ghana Railways Dev Authority |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/grda-activates-tema-mpakadan-rail-services.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-06-18 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Ciidaha== [[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Dadka Ga]] waxay u dabaaldegaan ciidda [[Homowo]], oo macnaheedu yahay "in gaajada lagu qayliyo." Ciiddan waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa dhowr qarni ka hor. Waxaa loo dabaaldegaa xusuusta abaartii ku dhacday dadka Ga qarnigii 16-aad. Waa ciid cunno inta badan oo u dabaaldegta dhammaadkii muddadaas taariikhda Ga. Waxay dhacdaa bisha Agoosto sannad kasta waxaana u dabaaldega dhammaan qabaa'ilka Ga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homowo Festival – Visit Ghana |url=https://visitghana.com/homowo-festival/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Dadka Dangme ee ka yimid Ada waxay u dabaaldegaan ciidda [[Asafotu]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '[[Asafotufiam Festival|Asafotufiam]]', waa ciid sannadle ah oo dagaalyahannada oo ay u dabaaldegaan dadka Ada laga bilaabo Khamiista ugu dambeysa ee Luulyo ilaa usbuuca ugu horreeya ee Agoosto waxay xusuusataa guulaha dagaalyahannada ee dagaalka waana xusuus loo sameeyay kuwii ku dhacay garoonka dagaalka. Si dib loogu jilo dhacdooyinkan taariikhiga ah, dagaalyahannadu waxay xirtaan dhar dagaal oo dhaqameed waxayna sameeyaan dagaal been abuur ah. Tani sidoo kale waa waqti loogu talagalay caadooyinka ragga ee marinka, marka ragga loo soo bandhigo dagaalka. Ciiddu waxay sidoo kale ku beegan tahay wareegga beergooyska, marka caadooyinkan iyo xafladahan la qabto. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah caadooyinka daahirinta. Dabaaldeggu wuxuu gaaraa heerkii ugu sarreeyay iyadoo la kulma madaxda, socod midab leh oo ay sameeyaan Madaxda oo ay ku jiraan raacayaashooda. Waxaa weheliya kooxo milatari oo dhaqameed oo loo yaqaan 'Asafo Companies' dhexda durbaan, heeso iyo qoob-ka-ciyaarka waddooyinka iyo garoonka dabaaldegga. Goobta dabaaldegga, salaanta ayaa la isku dhaafsadaa inta u dhaxaysa madaxda, cabbitaannada ayaa la shubaa iyo caddaynta daacadnimada ayaa la sameeyaa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-17 |title=88th Ada Asafotufiami festival slated for August 1–8 |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/88th-ada-asafotufiami-festival-slated-for-august-1-8.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-06-18 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} {{Geographic location |Centre = [[File:Flag of Greater Accra Region.gif|25px|link=Greater Accra Region]] Greater Accra |North = [[File:Flag of Eastern Region (Ghana).gif|25px|link=Eastern Region (Ghana)]] [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Bariga]] |Northeast = ''[[Harada Volta]]'' |East = ''[[Harada Volta]]'' |Southeast = ''[[Harada Volta]]''<br />''[[Gacanka Guinea]]'' |South = ''[[Gacanka Guinea]]'' |Southwest = ''[[Gacanka Guinea]]'' |West = [[File:Flag of Eastern Region (Ghana).gif|25px|link=Eastern Region (Ghana)]] [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Bariga]]<br /> [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Dhexe]] |Northwest = [[Gobolka Ashanti|Ashanti]] }} {{Authority control}} pr3vvrcjkslznalcbv00s7uod2y320m 0 49166 303288 302583 2026-07-25T13:09:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Waqooyi | image_skyline = Stadium_tamale2.jpg | image_caption = Garoonka Tamale | image_map = Ghana - Northern Region (2018).png | mapsize = 200px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Waqooyi ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 16 | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Ali Adolf John]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers - Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-date=4 Bisha Todobaad 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704052607/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|url-status=dead}}</ref> | leader_title1 = <!-- Xubnaha Baarlamaanka --> | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = <ref name="Ghanadistricts.com - Northern Region">{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6 |title=Northern Region |access-date=2009-11-20 |publisher=GhanaDistricts.com |archive-date=2010-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211160742/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 26,534 | area_rank = <!-- [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 1-aad]] --> | population_total = 2,310,939 | population_as_of = 2021 Tirakoob | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = <!-- [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 15-aad]] --> | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2018 | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|037]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-NP]] | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $2,500 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2021)}} | blank_info_sec2 = 0.539<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|10-aad]] | timezone = [[GMT]] }} '''Gobolka Waqooyi''' waa mid ka mid ah lix iyo tobanka [[Gobolada Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=No new Covid-19 cases in Northern Region in 3 weeks - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/no-new-covid-19-cases-in-northern-region-in-3-weeks/ |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}</ref> Wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta woqooyi ee dalka waxaana uu kaalinta labaad kaga jiraa gobolada ugu waaweyn lix iyo tobanka gobol. Kahor kala qaybintiisa, wuxuu ku fadhiyay bed dhan 25,000 oo kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, taas oo matalaysa 10 boqolkiiba bedka [[Ghana]]. Bishii [[aftidii gobolada cusub ee Ghana ee 2018|Diseembar 2018]], waxaa laga abuuray [[Gobolka Savannah]] iyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]]. Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu u qaybsamaa 16 [[degmo]]. [[Caasimadda]] gobolka waa [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], [[Liiska magaalooyinka Ghana | magaalada saddexaad ee ugu weyn Ghana]].<ref name="Ghanadistricts.com - Northern Region"/> ==Juquraafi iyo cimilada== ===Goobta iyo bedka=== Gobolka Waqooyi, oo ku fadhiya qiyaastii 25,000 oo kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, wuxuu u taagan yahay gobolka labaad ee ugu weyn Ghana marka loo eego bedka dhulka. Wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]] iyo [[Gobolka Savannah]] dhanka woqooyi iyo [[Gobolka Oti]] dhanka koonfureed, iyo wadamada dariska ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Jamhuuriyadda Togo]] dhanka bari iyo La Cote d'Ivoire dhanka galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutuku |first=Ryan |date=2021-01-25 |title=The Northern Region districts and their capitals in Ghana |url=https://yen.com.gh/180838-the-northern-region-districts-capitals-ghana.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> ===Cimilada iyo dhirta=== [[File:Baobob tree.jpg|thumb|left|130px|Geedka [[Adansonia digitata|baobab]]]] Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu leeyahay nidaam [[Guinean forest–savanna mosaic|deegaan kaymo-savanna ah]]. Guinea Savanna waa tan ugu qoyan saddexda aag ee deegaanka savanna. Dhirtu waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay dhul-kaymeed iyo daaqsin. [[Xilliga roobabka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa Abriil iyo Oktoobar, halka xilliga abaaraha uu dhaco inta u dhaxaysa Janaayo iyo Maarso. Waxaa jira celcelis ahaan roobab sanadle ah oo dhan 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inches). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa bisha Maarso, dhamaadka xilliga abaaraha. Laga bilaabo dhammaadka Nofeembar ilaa Maarso, [[dabaysha ganacsiga]] ee woqooyi-bari ayaa afuufta, taas oo keenta [[Harmattan]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lyngsie |first1=G. |last2=Awadzi |first2=T. |last3=Breuning-Madsen |first3=H. |date=2011-11-01 |title=Origin of Harmattan dust settled in Northern Ghana — Long transported or local dust? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001670611100228X |journal=Geoderma |volume=167-168 |pages=351–359 |doi=10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.026 |bibcode=2011Geode.167..351L |issn=0016-7061|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Muddadan, heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 14 °C (59 °F) habeenkii iyo 40 °C (104 °F) inta lagu jiro maalintii.{{clear left}} ==Dhaqaalaha== {{multiple image | align = none | image1 = Agriculture Factory, Tamale, Dagbon.jpg | width1 = 223 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Agriculture Factory, Tamale.jpg | width2 = 225 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = [[Agribusiness]] [[warshad]] ku taal [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], Gobolka Waqooyi. [[Beeralayda]] shaqaalaha ah ee [[Warshad]] [[Beeraha]] ee [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], Gobolka Waqooyi. }} Sida dhammaan qaybaha Ghana, in ka badan kalabar dadka firfircoon ee dhaqaale ahaan waa [[Beeraha|beeralay]]. Gobolku waa mid ka mid ah gobolada ugu muhiimsan beeraha ee Ghana. Waxa kale oo uu leeyahay kaydka ugu weyn ee birta.{{clear left}} ==Demographics== Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu ka kooban yahay qayb badan oo ka mid ah dhulalka [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]], iyo [[Luuqadda Dagbani|Dagbani]] waa luuqadda loogu hadal badan yahay,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn Dagbanli (Dagbanli Bɔhimbu) → What Is The Dagbanli Language? - Learn Dagbanli {{!}} Learn Dagbani |url=https://learndagbani.org/course/learn-dagbani/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129054624/https://learndagbani.org/course/learn-dagbani/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyadoo ay weheliso [[Luuqadda Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]]. Dagbani waxay ka tirsan tahay hoos-qaybta [[Luuqadaha Oti–Volta|Oti-Volta]] ee [[Luuqadaha Niger-Congo|qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo]]. Luuqadaha kale ee lagaga hadlo gobolka waxaa ka mid ah Likpakpaln iyo Nawuri. == Ganacsiga == [[File:Night View of Tamale Street in Northern Ghana 01.png|thumb|Muuqaalka habeenkii ee magaalada Tamale, Ghana.]] Gobolku waa goob loo dalxiis tago maalgashiga ee Ghana, iyadoo Tamale horey loogu qiimeeyay magaalada ugu koritaanka dheereeya ee Galbeedka Afrika, iyada oo la kulantay koritaan baaxad leh marka loo eego magaalooyinka kale ee Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamale is the fastest growing city in West Africa - Tamale in Ghana |url=https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/tamale/84.php |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=independent-travellers.com |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204224447/https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/tamale/84.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Goobta gobolka iyo u dhawaanshaha weyn ee Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Afrika, marka loo eego Accra, waxay ka dhigaysaa meel soo jiidasho leh oo loogu talagalay maalgashadayaasha. Kaydka birta ee ugu weyn Ghana, oo lagu qiyaasay in ka badan saddex bilyan oo tan,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=N/R: Over 1.7bn tonnes of iron ore discovered in Yendi Municipality- Majority Leader |url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/n-r-over-1-7bn-tonnes-of-iron-ore-discovered-in-yendi-municipality-majority-leader.html |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Prime News Ghana |language=en-us}}</ref> waxay ka dhigaysaa gobolka meel ku habboon maalgashiga birta iyo birta. ==Dalxiiska== * Naa Gbewaa Palace, Yendi * Hamamat Shea Butter Village * Tamale Center for Culture and Arts * Savanna Centre for Contemporary Art * Red Clay Studios * Nkrumah Volini * Nuku Studios * Saakpuli Slave wells * Diarre Napagaduungbanani * Naa Binbegu Boabab Tree, Yendi * Buntaga Irrigation Dam * Sabali (River Oti) * Nawuni River (White Volta) * Deutsch Cemetery at Yendi * Adibo dalila war zones, Adibo === Diinta === Qiyaastii saddex ka mid ah shan qof oo ku nool gobolka Waqooyi ayaa xiriir la leh Islaamka (60.0%).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf |title=Table 4.17: Population by religious affiliation and region, 2010 |access-date=2018-07-17 |archive-date=2018-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712212518/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{clear left}} ==Degmooyin== [[Image:Districts of the Northern Region (2018).png|thumb|right|300px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi]] Gobolka Waqooyi ee Ghana wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 degmo. 11 waa degmooyin caadi ah marka lagu daro 1 degmo oo magaalo madax ah iyo 4 degmo oo magaalooyin ah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6|publisher=GhanaDistricts.com|access-date=15 January 2013|archive-date=18 Bisha Koobaad 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118104026/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6|url-status=dead}}</ref> Degmo kasta, Magaalo ama Gole Magaalo, waxaa ku yaal magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. {| class="wikitable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi |- ! # ! Degmo ! Caasimad ! Dadka |- ! 1 | [[Gushegu District|Gushegu]] | [[Gushegu]] | |- ! 2 | [[Karaga District|Karaga]] | [[Karaga, Ghana|Karaga]] | |- ! 3 | [[Kpandai District|Kpandai]] | [[Kpandae|Kpandai]] | 108,816 |- ! 4 | [[Kumbungu District|Kumbungu]] | [[Kumbungu]] | |- ! 5 | [[Mion District|Mion]] | [[Sang, Northern Region|Sang]] | |- ! 6 | [[Nanton District|Nanton]] | [[Nanton, Ghana|Nanton]] | |- ! 7 | [[Nanumba North District|Nanumba North]] | [[Bimbilla]] | |- ! 8 | [[Nanumba South District|Nanumba South]] | [[Wulensi]] | |- ! 9 | [[Saboba District|Saboba]] | [[Saboba]] | |- ! 10 | [[Sagnarigu Municipal District|Sagnarigu]] | [[Sagnerigu]] | |- ! 11 | [[Savelugu Municipal District|Savelugu]] | [[Savelugu]] | |- ! 12 | [[Tamale Metropolitan District|Tamale Metropolitan]] | [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] | |- ! 13 | [[Tatale Sangule District|Tatale Sangule]] | [[Tatale]] | |- ! 14 | [[Tolon District|Tolon]] | [[Tolon, Ghana|Tolon]] | |- ! 15 | [[Yendi Municipal District]] | [[Yendi]] | |- ! 16 | [[Zabzugu District|Zabzugu]] | [[Zabzugu]] | |- |}{{clear}} == Goobaha caafimaadka == [[File:Tamale Teaching Hospital 3.jpg|right|thumb|Isbitaalka Waxbarashada Tamale, isbitaalka saddexaad ee ugu weyn Ghana.]] Isbitaallada Gobolka Waqooyi:<ref>{{Cite web|title=HEALTH FACILITIES IN NORTHERN REGION IN SHAMBLES...Tamale Hospital worst affected|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/191347/health-facilities-in-northern-region-in-shambles.html|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> * Isbitaalka Waxbarashada Tamale * Isbitaalka Tamale Central West * Isbitaalka Tamale West * Isbitaalka SDA * Isbitaalka Degmada Yendi * Isbitaalka Degmada Savelugu * Isbitaalka Degmada Bimbilla * Isbitaalka Degmada Kumbungu * Isbitaalka Degmada Gusheigu == Gaarsiinta Daryeelka Caafimaadka == Degmooyinka khatarta sare leh ee suunka woqooyi ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay leeyihiin daldoolo muuqda oo dhanka caymiska caafimaadka ah oo ay sababto arrimo bulsho-dhaqaale oo maxalli ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghanem |first=V. G. |date=2026 |title=Spatial and Machine Learning Analysis of District-Level Health Insurance Inequities in Ghana |journal=Cureus |volume=18 |issue=1 |article-number=e101984 |doi=10.7759/cureus.101984 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Muwaadiniin caan ah== {| class="wikitable" |- |+Qaar ka mid ah muwaadiniin caan ah oo u dhashay Gobolka Waqooyi, [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]] |- ! # ! Muwaadin ! Degsiimo |- ! scope=row | 1 | [[Aliu Mahama]] | [[Yendi]] |- ! scope=row | 2 | [[Wakaso]] | [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] |- ! scope=row | 3 | [[Abdul Majeed Waris|Majeed Waris]] | [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] |- ! scope=row | 4 | [[Haruna Iddrisu]] | [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] |- ! scope=row | 5 | [[Muhammad Mumuni]] | [[Kumbungu]] |- ! scope=row | 6 | [[Ramatu Baba]] | [[Yendi]] |- ! scope=row | 7 | [[Abubakari Sadiq NAM]] | [[Yendi]] |- !8 |Sheikh Ibrahim Basha |Tamale |- !9 |Sheikh Sa-eed Abubakar |Tamale |- !10 |[[Hajia Samata Gifty Bukari]] |[[Yendi]] |- !11 |[[Ibrahim Mahama (artist)|Ibrahim Mahama]] |Tamale |} ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} * {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}} * [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com] == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com – Gobolka Waqooyi] 7c727dxzx3ah4swvnxdczynebf90er2 0 49172 303287 302183 2026-07-25T13:07:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Kagera | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Kagera}}}} | nicknames = Dhulka Boqortooyooyinka; Kagera Boqortooyada | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]] | named_for = [[Webiga Kagera]] <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Untitled - panoramio - Mufumbiro Tours & Sa….jpg |photo2a = Mater Misericordiae Church - Bukoba.JPG |photo3a = Bugene Bananen.jpg |spacing = 2 |space = 2 |size = 225 |position = center |color_border = white |color = white |foot_montage = '''Laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos:'''<br /> [[Harada Fiktooriya]] oo ku taal xeebaha Kagera, kaniisadda [[Sisters of Mercy|Mater Misericodiae]] ee Bukoba iyo muuqaal laga keenay [[Degmada Karagwe]]}} | image_map = Tanzania Kagera location map.svg | map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Tanzania | coordinates = {{coord|1|55|S|31|18|E|display=inline, title}} | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Tanzania]] | established_title = La aasaasay | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Bukoba]] | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]] | p1 = [[Degmada Biharamulo]] | p2 = [[Degmada Miyiga ee Bukoba]] | p3 = [[Degmada Magaalada Bukoba]] | p4 = [[Degmada Karagwe]] | p5 = [[Degmada Kyerwa]] | p6 = [[Degmada Missenyi]] | p7 = [[Degmada Muleba]] | p8 = [[Degmada Ngara]] | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka | leader_name = Fatuma Mwasa | unit_pref = Mitri | area_water_percent = 27 | area_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|16 ka mid ah 31]] | area_total_km2 = 35,686 | area_land_km2 = 25513 | area_water_km2 = 10173 | elevation_m = 1400 | elevation_min_m = 1135 | elevation_min_point = [[Harada Fiktooriya]] | elevation_max_m = 1917 | elevation_max_point = Katerere | population_total = 2,789,577 | population_as_of = 2016 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|3 ka mid ah 31]] | demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]] | demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay | demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] | demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay | demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Haya|Wahaya]], [[:sw:Wanyambo|Wanyambo]], [[Dadka Shubi|Washubi]], [[Dadka Hangaza|Wahangaza]], [[Dadka Ha|Waha]], [[Dadka Zinza|Wazinza]] & Warongo. | population_demonym = Kageran | timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada | postal_code = 35xxx | area_code = 028 | iso_code = TZ-05 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.521<ref name="HDI_2019tzSubNat">{{cite web |title=Subnational HDI (v5.0) |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/TZA/?levels=1+4&years=2019 |website=Global Data Lab |publisher=Institute for Management Research [[Radboud University Nijmegen]] |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705223807/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/TZA/?levels=1+4&years=2019 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |location=[[Nijmegen, Netherlands]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|18 ka mid ah 25]] | website = {{URL|http://kagera.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tanzania |mammal = [[File:The book of antelopes (1894) Ourebia nigricaudata.png|50px|left]] [[Oribi]] |bird = [[Nyanza swift]] |fish = [[File:Pundamilia nyererei.jpg|50px|left]] [[Haplochromis nyererei]] |butterfly = [[File:Phalanta alcippe - Small Leopard - Butterfly 08.JPG|50px|left]] [[Phalanta phalantha]] |tree = [[File:Markhamia lutea at Palappuzha (3).jpg|50px|left]] [[Markhamia lutea]] |mineral = [[File:Nickel chunk.jpg|50px|left]] [[Nickel]] }} }} '''Gobolka Kagera''' (''Mkoa wa Kagera'' oo ku qoran [[Af-Sawaaxili]]) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]], bedkiisuna yahay {{cvt|35,686|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://geita.go.tz |title=Bedka Gobolka Kagera}}</ref> Gobolka Kagera waxaa dhanka bari ka xiga [[Harada Fiktooriya]], [[Gobolka Mwanza]] iyo [[Gobolka Mara]], koonfurta [[Gobolka Geita]] iyo [[Gobolka Kigoma]], galbeedka [[Rwanda]] halka waqooyiga uu xuduud kala leeyahay [[Uganda]] iyo [[Burundi]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed. Magaalada caasimadda u ah gobolka waa [[Bukoba]]. Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka qaranka ee 2022, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 2,989,299, taas oo ah kor u kac ka yimid 2,458,023 sanadkii 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muuqaalka wadanka Tanzania|url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/index.php/sw/sensa-2022/807-matokaeo-ya-mwanzo-ya-sensa-ya-watu-na-makazi-ya-mwaka-2022|url-status=live|access-date=31 January 2023|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831184708/http://www.clgf.org.uk/default/assets/File/Country_profiles/Tanzania.pdf}}</ref> == Eraybixinta == Gobolku magaca wuxuu ka soo qaatay [[Webiga Kagera]]. == Juqraafi == Kagera waxay xuduud la leedahay Uganda dhanka waqooyi, Rwanda iyo Burundi dhanka galbeed, iyo gobolada Tanzania ee [[Gobolka Kigoma|Kigoma]] dhanka koonfureed iyo [[Geita]] dhanka bari. [[Webiga Kagera]] wuxuu sameeyaa xuduuda gobolka ee Rwanda. Waxay u dhaxaysaa 30°25' iyo 32°40' bari, iyo 1°00' iyo 2°45' koonfur. Bedka guud waa {{convert|35686|km2}}, kaas oo {{convert|25513|km2}} uu yahay dhul, iyo 27 boqolkiiba, {{convert|10173|km2}} uu yahay biyo. Inta badan biyaha waa [[Harada Fiktooriya|Fiktooriya]], harada Ikimba, [[Harada Burigi|Burigi]], Ngono iyo [[Webiga Kagera]]. Kagera waa gobolka 15-aad ee ugu weyn Tanzania wuxuuna ka kooban yahay qiyaastii 3.3 boqolkiiba bedka dhulka Tanzania ee {{convert|885800|km2}}. Caasimadda gobolka [[Bukoba]] waxay qiyaastii {{convert|1500|km}} u jirtaa [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="Kagera_webHist" /> === Cimilada === Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah waa 500 ilaa 2000 mm, Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay qaab roobaad laba-jeer sanadkii ah laga bilaabo Maarso ilaa Maajo iyo laga bilaabo Oktoobar ilaa Noofembar. Roobabku waxay ku kala duwan yihiin 2000 mm sannadkii Bukoba ilaa 500 mm dhanka galbeed, iyadoo roobku uu ka sarreeyo xeebta Harada Fiktooriya oo uu yaraanayo markii laga fogaanayo harada iyo sidoo kale kor u kaca dhererka. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 20 °C ilaa 28 °C. Aagga waxaa daboolay buuro ku socda barbar-yaal xeebta harada oo u socda waqooyi ilaa koonfur.<ref name="Report2022"/> === Juolojiyada === Iyadoo ku taal [[Albertine Rift|Kivu Rift]], xagga galbeed ee labada laamood ee [[East African Rift]] oo ka gudba Tanzania, Kagera waxay la kulantaa dhaqdhaqaaqyo dhulgariir oo muhiim ah. 10 Sebtembar 2016, gobolka waxaa ku dhuftay [[dhulgariirkii Tanzania ee 2016|dhulgariir qiyaastii 5.9 ah]] kaas oo 17 qof ay ku dhinteen, ugu yaraan 250 kalena ay ku dhaawacmeen.<ref name="Mulibo_16">{{cite journal |last1=Mulibo |first1=Gabriel D. |title=Baaritaanka xoojinta macroseismic ee dhulgariirkii Kagera ee Mw5.9 Sebtembar 10, 2016: Saamaynta xoojinta saamaynta goobta |journal=[[Journal of African Earth Sciences]] |date=1 November 2019 |volume=159 |article-number=103568 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103568 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X19302213 |access-date=2 July 2022 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |bibcode=2019JAfES.15903568M |s2cid=200054374 |issn=1464-343X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Bashaya_16">{{cite news |last1=Bashaya |first1=Phinias |title=Sh1.4 bilyan oo loo ururiyey badbaadayaasha dhulgariirka |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Sh1-4-billion-raised-for-earthquake-survivors/1840340-3380484-xt9ao9/index.html |access-date=2 July 2022 |work=[[The Citizen (Tanzania)]] |publisher=[[Mwananchi Communications]] |date=14 September 2016 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] }}</ref> Kagera waxaa lagu yaqaanaa beeraha, muuqaalka cagaaran, iyo duurjoogta. Waxay leedahay ciid duug ah oo nafaqo leh laakiin maamulka ciidda oo liita ayaa horseeday [[daalashada ciidda]] taasoo u baahan isticmaalka [[bacriminta]].<ref name="Li_21">{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Chaodong |last2=Li |first2=Zhanbin |last3=Yang |first3=Mingyi |last4=Ma |first4=Bo |last5=Wang |first5=Baiqun |editor1-last=Tchounwou |editor1-first=Paul |title=Saamaynta Grid-Scale ee Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Saamaynta Aadanaha ee Nabaad-guurka Ciidda ee Buuraleyda Bariga Afrika (Kagera Basin) |journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]] |date=9 March 2021 |volume=18 |issue=5 |page=2775 |doi=10.3390/ijerph18052775 |pmid=33803377 |pmc=7967286 |issn=1660-4601|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Tirakoobka dadka == === Dadweynaha === Mid ka mid ah shanta gobol ee ugu dadka badan wadanka waa gobolka Kagera. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka dadweynaha iyo guryaha ee 2002, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 2,033,888, iyadoo heerka koritaanka celcelis ahaan uu ahaa 3.1%. 6.0% oo dhan reer Tanzania ee ku nool dhulka weyn ayaa laga helay gobolka.<ref name="Report2022"/> == Taariikh == Intii lagu jiray xilligii gumeysiga, gobolka waxaa loogu yeeri jiray West Lake, waxayna ka tirsanayd Gobolka Lake, oo ay ku jireen [[Gobolka Geita|Geita]], [[Gobolka Mwanza|Mwanza]], [[Shinyanga]], [[Gobolka Tabora|Tabora]], [[Gobolka Simiyu|Simiyu]], iyo [[Gobolka Mara|Mara]], gobolada. Ka dib xornimadii Gobolka Lake waa la kala jabiyay, iyadoo Kagera iyo qayb ka mid ah Geita ay noqdeen Gobolka West Lake. Ka dib [[Dagaalkii Uganda-Tanzania|Dagaalkii Kagera]] ee 1979, Gobolka West Lake waxaa loo bixiyay Gobolka Kagera.<ref name="Kagera_webHist">{{cite web |title=Historia ya Mkoa wa Kagera |trans-title=Taariikhda Gobolka Kagera |url=https://kagera.go.tz/historia |website=Mkoa wa Kagera |publisher=Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa Kagera |access-date=1 July 2022 |location=[[Bukoba, Tanzania]] |language=sw |date=2017 |archive-date=2 Bisha Todobaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702094327/https://kagera.go.tz/historia |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muddo dhan shan qarni, Kagera waxay hoy u ahayd sagaal boqortooyo oo kala duwan oo leh bulshooyin aad u [[hierarchical]]. Ka hor [[gumeysigii Yurub]], [[Qaxwaha|qaxwaha]] wuxuu ahaa dalag dhaqameed aagga, loo isticmaalo sifooyinkiisa kicinta iyo caadooyinka dhaqanka ee maxalliga ah. Intii lagu jiray gumeysiga, qaxwaha wuxuu ahaa dalag lacageed. [[Muuska|Muusku]] wuxuu ahaa [[cunto aasaasi ah]] gobolka. Inkasta oo uu jiray qaybsanaan shaqo oo ku salaysan jinsiga bulshada Bahaya ee dhaqameed, dumarkii xilligaas looguma fikirin inay ka hooseeyaan ragga. Dhab ahaantii dumarku waxay amreen ixtiraam gaar ah dhammaan caadooyinka dhaqameed. Tusaale ahaan, dhimashada madaxa qoyska (Nyin'enju), caadooyinka dhaxalka ayaa la raacay, "Dhaxalka Weyn" (Omusika) wuxuu lahaa inuu yeesho qof dumar ah oo loo soo xulay walaalihiis si uu u wadaago awoodiisa. Sidoo kale, dhimashada boqor xukumayay, inta lagu jiro caleemo-saarka boqorka xiga, waa inay jirtay "walaashii qaranka" (''Kinyany'engoma'') oo sidoo kale laga soo xulay walaalihiis. Boqorradu waxay ku noolaayeen daaraha waaweyn oo la ixtiraami jiray iyadoo loo arko inay yihiin xiriirka tooska ah ee ilaahyada boqortooyadooda. Awoodda sagaalka boqortooyo (Kihanja, Karagwe, Kiziba, Misenye, Bugabo, Kyamtwara, Ihangiro, Bukara iyo [[Biharamulo]]) ayaa hoos u dhacday markii [[Jarmalka|Jarmalku]] ay [[Bariga Afrika ee Jarmalka|gumeysteen Tanzania]] 1885 waxayna taageereen [[Dadka Haya|Haya]], qabiilka degmooyinka Bukoba iyo Muleba ka korreeya degmooyinka kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, boqorrada maxalliga ah ayaa awoodda ku sii jiray. Burburka boqortooyooyinkaan wuxuu yimid ka dib markii Tanzania ay heshay xornimadeeda iyo [[Madaxweynaha Tanzania|madaxweyne]] [[Julius Nyerere|Nyerere]] uu u arkay inay waxyeello u yihiin midnimada qaranka. Waxaa jiray madax loo yaqaan Omukama (eraygu wuxuu ka dhigan yahay boqor ama madax) kaas oo lagu dhalan karay awooddaas. Qaar ka mid ah madaxda caanka ah ee Kagera waxaa ka mid ah Kyamukuma, oo ahaa madaxii ugu dambeeyay ee Misenye (oo hadda ah [[Degmada Missenyi]]):<ref>Seth, Niyikiza [Isbeddelka cusub ee Haya, Dhaxalkii Babumbilo (2014)]</ref> Madaxda kale waxaa ka mid ahaa Rumanyika oo ka tirsan Karagwe, Ruhinda, Kahigi iyo madax kale oo hoose. Kahigi waa mid ka mid ah madaxda ka tanaasulay dhulkooda iyagoo la kaashanaya gumeystayaasha Jarmalka. Dalxiisyada dhaqanka ayaa diyaar u ah dalxiisayaasha soo booqda Kagera waxaana laga heli karaa caasimadda gobolka ee [[Bukoba]]. Dalxiisyadan waxaa ka mid ah booqashooyin lagu tago jardiinooyinka qaranka/kaydka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka iwm. Intii lagu jiray xukunkii Jarmalka Dr. M. Zupitza, oo markaas ahaa sarkaal caafimaad oo maxalli ah, wuxuu la kulmay dillaaca daacuunka ee Kiziba (1897–1898). Isagoo kaashanaya Dr. [[Robert Koch]], wuxuu xaqiijiyay in sababtu ay ahayd bakteeriyada la mid ah dillaaca [[Bombay]]. Markii awoodda loo wareejiyay British-ka ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, Kagera waxaa loo furay hawlgal [[Lutheran]] [[howlgalka]]. Masiixiyiin kale oo ay ku jiraan [[Roman Catholic]] ayaa yimid goor dambe. Dhaxalkoodu waa kaniisado badan oo gobolka ku yaal. Isku daygii [[Duulaankii Kagera|ku-darka Kagera]] ee Uganda 1979 wuxuu kiciyay [[Dagaalkii Uganda-Tanzania]]. == Dhaqaalaha == [[Beeraha]] waa hawsha dhaqaale ee ugu weyn, dalagyada ugu muhiimsan waa [[Digir|digirta]]. Iyadoo [[Badarka]] ay yihiin dalagga ugu badan, (42.8% ee guud ahaan bedka lagu beeray dalagyada sanadlaha ah), waxaa ku xiga xididdo iyo tuber leh (17.8%), (2.9%), dalagyada lacagta caddaanka ah (2.1%), iyo khudaarta iyo miraha leh (1.0%). Dalagyada waaweyn ee lacagta caddaanka ah waxay ahaayeen suuf. Wax soo saarka badarka ee aagga waxaa ku badan hadhuudhka, iyadoo 302,529 qoys oo gobolka ah ay beertaan hadhuudh xilliga roobka gaaban. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay ilaa 93.8% dhammaan qoysaska beeray dalagyada xilligaas.<ref name="Report2022">{{cite web| url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Agriculture/KAGERA%20REGION%20REPORT.pdf|title= Warbixinta Gobolka Kagera| publisher=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka| year=2022| access-date= 9 October 2022}}</ref> Iibka dalagyada cuntada ayaa ka dhigan 54.0% dakhliga guud ee lacagta caddaanka ah ee qoysaska yar-yar ee Gobolka Kagera, iyadoo iibka dalagyada lacagta caddaanka ah (18.9%), dakhli kale oo joogto ah (8.7%), kalluumeysi (4.3%), iyo mushahar/saadaal (4.3%). Ganacsiyada yaryar waxay ahaayeen isha ugu weyn ee dakhliga kaliya 3.4% qoysaska yaryar, waxaa ku xiga iibka xoolaha (2.5%), xawaaladaha lacagta caddaanka ah (2.0%), iibka alaabta kaynta (0.7%), iyo iibka alaabta xoolaha (0.6%).<ref name="Report2022"/> Kagera sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn [[qaxwaha]] soo saarayaasha dalka. Muleba oo leh 26%), Karagwe 23%), Ngara 10%), Biharamulo 1%), iyo Bukoba Urban 1%) waxay ahaayeen aagagga kale ee qaxwaha soo saara, iyadoo Bukoba Rural ay leedahay aagga ugu sarreeya 39%). (Khariidadda 3.33). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ngara (1.23 ha) waxay lahayd celceliska ugu weyn ee dhulka lagu beeray qaxwaha qoyskiiba, waxaa ku xiga Karagwe (0.32 ha), Biharamulo (0.22 ha), Muleba (0.21 ha), Bukoba Rural (0.21 ha), iyo Bukoba Urban (0.21 ha) (0.18 ha).<ref name="Report2022"/> === Duurjoogta iyo jardiinooyinka qaranka === Gobolka Kagera wuxuu leeyahay duurjoog aad u badan, oo ay ku jiraan daanyeerka baboon, giraffe, elands, yaxaasyada, hippopotamus, warthog. Shimbiraha waxaa ka mid ah [[African fish eagle]], [[hammerkop]], [[marabou stork]], [[cormorant]]. [[kingfisher]] iyo [[heron]]. Kagera waxay hoy u tahay [[Biharamulo Forest Reserve]], [[Burigi-Chato National Park]], [[Ibanda-Kyerwa National Park]], [[Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park]], [[Rubondo Island National Park]] iyo [[Saanane Island National Park]]. 2019, [[Burigi]], [[Biharamulo]] kaydka ciyaarta, iyo Lakes Burigi iyo Kimis ayaa loo cusbooneysiiyay si ay u noqdaan beerta qaranka oo leh [[Burigi-Chato National Park]]. [[Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park]] waxaa loo aqoonsaday [[Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park]] iyo [[Ibanda-Kyerwa National Park]].<ref name="TNP_21b">{{cite web |title=Jardiinooyinka Qaranka Tanzania |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/uploads/publications/en-1581671752-TANAPA%20GENERAL%20BROCHURES%202020-WEBSITE%20(1).pdf |publisher=[[Maamulka Jardiinooyinka Qaranka Tanzania]] |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707225507/https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/uploads/publications/en-1581671752-TANAPA%20GENERAL%20BROCHURES%202020-WEBSITE%20(1).pdf |archive-date=7 July 2022 |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]] |date=January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Qaybaha maamulka == === Degmooyin === Gobolka Kagera wuxuu u qaybsamaa siddeed [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|degmo]], mid kasta oo ay maamusho gole: {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" | Degmooyinka Kagera |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="width: 6em" | Khariidadda ! style="width: 12em" | Degmada ! Dadka<br />(2012) ! Bedka<br />(km²) |- | rowspan=9 | [[File:Kagera-Region.svg|250px]] | [[Degmada Biharamulo]] | style="text-align:right;" | 323,486 | style="text-align:right;" | 5,627 |- | [[Degmada Miyiga ee Bukoba]] | style="text-align:right;" | 289,697 | style="text-align:right;" | |- | [[Degmada Magaalada Bukoba]] | style="text-align:right;" | 128,796 | style="text-align:right;" | |- | [[Degmada Karagwe]] | style="text-align:right;" | 332,020 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,716 |- | [[Degmada Kyerwa]] | style="text-align:right;" | 321,026 | style="text-align:right;" | |- | [[Degmada Missenyi]] | style="text-align:right;" | 202,632 | style="text-align:right;" | 2,709 |- | [[Degmada Muleba]] | style="text-align:right;" | 540,310 | style="text-align:right;" | 10,739 |- | [[Degmada Ngara]] | style="text-align:right;" | 320,056 | style="text-align:right;" | 3,744 |- ! Wadarta ! style="text-align:right;" | 2,458,023 ! style="text-align:right;" | 40,838 |} Sanadkii 2016 [[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics]] ayaa soo warisay in gobolka ay ku nool yihiin 2,789,577 qof, oo ka yimid 2,458,023 sanadkii 2012.<ref name="2012_census">{{Cite report |url=http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |title=2012 Tirakoobka Dadweynaha iyo Guryaha - Qaybinta Dadweynaha iyadoo loo eegayo Aagagga Maamulka. |date=1 March 2013 |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |page= |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326183741/http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2016_census">{{Cite report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |trans-title=Qiyaasta Dadweynaha ee Aagagga Maamulka ee Sanadka 2016, Tanzania Bara |date=1 April 2016 |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |page= |language=sw |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Dadka caanka ah ee Gobolka Kagera == *[[Ali Mufuruki]], ganacsade iyo af-hayeenka dhiirigelinta *[[Claver Kamanya]], ciyaaryahan iyo bilad-guuleyste 400m * [[Anna Tibaijuka]], siyaasi * [[Laurean Rugambwa]], kaarinalka kaniisadda Katooliga * [[Saida Karoli]], muusikiiste * [[Josiah Kibira (filmmaker)|Josiah Kibira]], sameeyaha filimada * [[Justinian Rweyemamu]], aqoonyahan iyo dhaqaaleyahan [https://muckrack.com/james-kamala James Kamala], Suxufi == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Kagera}} * {{URL|http://kagera.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} * [http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regions/kagera/index.html Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Tanzania: Gobolka Kagera] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031215151044/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/kagera.htm Bogga Gobolka Kagera ee Tirakoobka Qaranka Tanzania ee 2002] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003123910/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/govdirf.html Database-ka Hagaha Dawladda Tanzania] qulsc5v52tt83dodqj29c3i9rw1h95s 2 49605 303296 2026-07-25T20:17:17Z Duuroow 46661 /* */ MAGACA SH XASAN BARSANE IYO BASR 303296 wikitext text/x-wiki MAGACA BASRA IYO BARSANE Magaca Barsane asalkiisa waxoow kayimid Basra. Sheekha waxoow safar waxbarasho kutagay dalka Ciraaq gaar ahaan magaalada Basra oo ay kuxooganeeyd dariiqadda Qaadiriyada. Waa halka dad badan ay moodaan in Sheekha ow heeystay dariiqadda Qaadiriyada. Qaar kale ayaa qaba inow dariiqadda Saalaxiyada heeystay. Dalka Ciraaq waxaa kuxooganaa dariiqadaha suufiyadda gaar ahaan dariiqadda Qaadiriyada. Waxaa kasoo jeeda Sheekh Cabdulqaadir Al-Jeeylaani. Waa sheekha ay ku abtirsato dariiqadda Qaadiriyada ee Soomaali kuxooganeeyd. Basra waa magaalo taariikhda Islaamka caan ku ahayd meelahii ugu horreeyey ee lagu aasaasay firqooyinka Sufiyada maanta jira iyo kuwa adduunka kasuulay. Waxay lahayd Saawiyo iyo taaqiyo oo lamed ah Jameeco. Waxaana suurtagal ah in Sheekh Xasan Barsane booqashadiisii magaalada Basra ee Zaawiyooyinka ay saameyn kulaheeyd fikraddii ow ku aasaasay Jameecada Jiliyaale. Sheekha markii ow dalka kusoo laabtay dadka waxaay ugu yeeri jireen Sh Xasan Basra. Waxaa isku ekaadey Basra oo Ciraaq ah iyo Barsane oo ah Sh Xasan qabiilka ow kasoo jeedo ah. Sidaas ayaa naaneeystii Basra iskuugu badashey qabiilka Barsane ee sheekha ow kasoo jeedo. Magaciisa saxda ah waa Sheekh Xasan Sheekh Nuur Sheekh Axmed. Aabahiis Sheekh Nuur waxoow ahaa macalin quraanka kudhiga tuulada Ubaade. Waxaa ow heeystay dariiqadda Raxmaaniyah ee Suufiyada kamedka ah. Sheekha waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuuw ahaa wadaad dhexdhexaad ah. Wuxuuw xiriir fiican lalahaa culimada, dariiqooyinka Suufiyada iyo qabaa'ilka kala duwan. Taariikhda kama muuqato inuuw u adeegayay firqo ama qabiil gaar ah.Waxaa suuragal ah inuuw ka fogaanayey kumilanka khilaafaadka u dhexeeyay firqooyinka Sufiyada iyo qabaa'ilka Soomaalida. 3tnzu5rc7cyu12ml573afal3v81dn1r