Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1920 303634 285808 2026-07-31T10:14:54Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Ogaden]] 303634 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ogaden]] nc5psiy8c4vu4l2zplk5sn16v2cneok 0 2503 303505 295132 2026-07-30T12:08:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Republic of Burundi |native_name = {{ublist|item_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|rn|Republika y'Uburundi}} |{{native name|fr|République du Burundi}}}} |common_name = Burundi |image_flag = Flag of Burundi.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Burundi.svg |image_map = Location Burundi AU Africa.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}} |image_map2 = Burundi - Location Map (2011) - BDI - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = {{unbulleted list |{{native phrase|rn|"Ubumwe, Ibikorwa, Amajambere"|italics=off|nolink=on}} |{{native phrase|fr|"Unité, Travail, Progrès"|italics=off|nolink=on}} }} |national_anthem = {{native phrase|rn|[[Burundi Bwacu]]|nolink=yes}}<br/>{{small|''Our Burundi''}}<br /> |languages_type = [[Official language]]s |languages = [[Kirundi]] (national and official)<br/>[[Af-Faransiis]] (official)<br/>[[Af-Ingiriisi]] (official)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-burundi.html|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Burundi?|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/englishnews/english-is-now-official-language-of-burundi/|title=English is now official language of Burundi|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-29|archive-date=2018-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214014654/http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/englishnews/english-is-now-official-language-of-burundi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblee.bi/Analyse-et-adoption-du-projet-de,835|title=Analyse et adoption du projet de loi portant Statut des Langues au Burundi - Assemblée Nationale du Burundi|first=Jibril TOUZI, Great Lakes|last=Consulting|website=www.assemblee.bi|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2018-07-29|archive-date=2018-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313094143/http://www.assemblee.bi/Analyse-et-adoption-du-projet-de,835|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/bitstream/112/7953/1/sage-jasmine-irakosz.pdf |access-date=2018-07-29 |archive-date=2017-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813072614/http://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/bitstream/112/7953/1/sage-jasmine-irakosz.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |capital = [[Bujumbura]] |coordinates = {{Coord|3|30|S|30|00|E|type:city}} |largest_city = capital |demonym = Burundian |ethnic_groups = {{ublist |85% [[Hutu]] |14% [[Tutsi]] |{{nbsp|2}}1% [[Twa]] |~3,000 Europeans |{{nowrap|~2,000 South Asians}}}} |government_type = [[Presidential system|Presidential]] [[republic]] |leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Burundi|President]] |leader_name1 = [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]]<ref name=cnn01/> |leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Burundi|1st Vice-President]] |leader_name2= Prosper Bazombanza |leader_title3 = [[Vice President of Burundi|2nd Vice-President]] |leader_name3= Joseph Butore |legislature = [[Parliament of Burundi|Parliament]] |upper_house = [[Senate (Burundi)|Senate]] |lower_house = [[National Assembly (Burundi)|National Assembly]] |sovereignty_type = Status |established_event1 = Part of [[Ruanda-Urundi]]<br>{{small|([[United Nations trust territories|UN trust territory]])}} |established_date1 = 1945–1962 |established_event2 = Independence from [[Belgium]] |established_date2 = 1 July 1962 |established_event3 = Republic |established_date3 = 1 July 1966 |established_event4 = [[Constitution of Burundi]] |established_date4 = 28 February 2005 |area_km2 = 27834 |area_rank = 142nd |area_sq_mi = |area_footnote = <ref name=ISTEEBU>{{cite web |url=http://www.isteebu.bi/index.php/economie-en-bref |title=Quelques données pour le Burundi |language=fr |publisher=ISTEEBU |accessdate=17 December 2015 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728161954/http://isteebu.bi/index.php/economie-en-bref |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |percent_water = 10<ref>{{Cite report |date=July 2015 |title=Annuaire statistique du Burundi |language=fr |url=http://www.isteebu.bi/images/annuaires/annuaire%202013%20pdf%20fin.pdf |publisher=ISTEEBU |page=105 |accessdate=17 December 2015 |archive-date=7 Bisha Lixaad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607125402/http://www.isteebu.bi/images/annuaires/annuaire%202013%20pdf%20fin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Burundi}}{{UN_Population|ref}} |population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} |population_estimate_rank = 86th |population_census = 8,053,574<ref name=ISTEEBU/> |population_census_year = 2008 |population_density_km2 = 401.6 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP = $7.985 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=85&pr.y=3&sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=618&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Burundi |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=13 January 2015}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $3.393 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2017 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $343<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2013 |Gini_change = Decrease |Gini = 39.2 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx |title= Gini Index, World Bank Estimate |work= World Development Indicators |publisher= The World Bank |accessdate= 13 January 2015}}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.404 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 184th |currency = [[Burundian franc]] (FBu) |currency_code = BIF |time_zone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] |utc_offset = +2 |drives_on = right |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy |calling_code = [[+257]] |cctld = [[.bi]] |footnote_a = }} '''Burundi''' waa wadan ku yaalla bartamaha qaarada [[Afrika]], caasimadiisu waa [[Bujumbura]], waa dowlad dhexda ku jirta badna aan lahayn, waxay ka mid tahay wadamada ku yaal [[Gobolka harooyinka waaweyn]], woqooyi waxaa ka xiga [[Ruwanda]], koonfur iyo bari [[Tansaaniya]] galbeedna waxaa ka xiga Kongo [[Za'iir]].[[File:By-map.png|thumb|right|Burundi|270px]] Burundi (/ bərʊndi, -rʌn- /), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Burundi (Kirundi): Burundi, oo ku yaal gobolka Woqooyiga Ameerika ee Bariga [[Afrika]], waxay xuduud ka dhigtay Rwanda waqooyiga, Tansaaniya dhinaca bariga iyo koonfurta, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo oo galbeed ah. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa qayb ka mid ah Bartamaha Afrika. Magaalada Burundi waa Bujumbura. Xuduudaha koonfur galbeed waxay ku dhow yihiin Lake Tanganyika. Dadka reer Twa, Hutu iyo Tutsi waxay ku noolaayeen Burundi ugu yaraan 500 sano. Muddo ka badan 200 oo sano, Burundi waxay ahayd boqortooyo madaxbannaan, ilaa bilowgii qarnigii 20aad, markii Jarmalku gumaysteen gobolka. Ka dib markii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka iyo guul darradii Jarmalka, waxay ka soo gashay dhulka Belgium. Labada Jarmal iyo Beljimka ayaa waxay Burundi iyo [[Rwanda]] ka dhigeen Gobollo-Urundi. Inkastoo ay jiraan khaldad caan ah, Burundi iyo [[Rwanda]] marnaba ma aheyn kuwo ku salaysan caadada ilaa wakhtiga gumeysiga [[Yurub]]. {{Politics of Burundi}} [[Burundi]] is divided into eighteen [[province]]s, each named after their respective [[Capital (political)|capital]] with the exception of Bujumbura Rural. The newest province, [[Rumonge Province|Rumonge]], was created on 26 March 2015 from five communes previously belonging to the provinces of Bujumbura Rural and Bururi.<ref name=rumong>{{cite web |last=Nkurunziza |first=Pierre |author-link=Pierre Nkurunziza |url=http://www.assemblee.bi/IMG/pdf/10%20du26%20mars%202015.pdf |title=LOI N^o 1/10 DU 26 MARS 2015 PORTANT CREATION DE LA PROVINCE DU RUMONGE ET DELIMITATION DES PROVINCES DE BUJUMBURA, BURURI ET RUMONGE |publisher=Presidential Cabinet, Republic of Burundi |date=26 March 2015 |accessdate=14 July 2015 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=25 Bisha Tobnaad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025102654/http://www.assemblee.bi/IMG/pdf/10%20du26%20mars%202015.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <!-- This table is transcluded into [[Burundi#Provinces, Communes and Collines]]. --> <section begin=table /> {{col-begin|width=75%}} {{col-2}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ |-bgcolor=#ACE1AF !Province !Capital !Area <br> (km²) <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/burundi_ext.aspx |title=Burundi: administrative units, extended |publisher=GeoHive |accessdate=13 July 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714122552/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/burundi_ext.aspx |archivedate=14 July 2015 |df= }}</ref> !Population <br> (2008 census)<ref name=statoids>{{cite web |last=Law |first=Gwillim |url=http://www.statoids.com/ubi.html |title=Provinces of Burundi |website=Statoids |accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> |- |colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''Eastern Burundi''' |- |[[Cankuzo Province|Cankuzo]] |[[Cankuzo]] |1,964.54 |228,873 |- |[[Gitega Province|Gitega]] |[[Gitega]] |1,978.96 |725,223 |- |[[Rutana Province|Rutana]] |[[Rutana]] |1,959.45 |333,510 |- |[[Ruyigi Province|Ruyigi]] |[[Ruyigi]] |2,338.88 |400,530 |- |colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''Northern Burundi''' |- |[[Karuzi Province|Karuzi]] |[[Karuzi]] |1,457.40 |436,443 |- |[[Kayanza Province|Kayanza]] |[[Kayanza]] |1,233.24 |585,412 |- |[[Kirundo Province|Kirundo]] |[[Kirundo]] |1,703.34 |628,256 |- |[[Muyinga Province|Muyinga]] |[[Muyinga]] |1,836.26 |632,409 |- |[[Ngozi Province|Ngozi]] |[[Ngozi, Burundi|Ngozi]] |1,473.86 |660,717 |- |colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''Southern Burundi''' |- |[[Bururi Province|Bururi]] |[[Bururi]] |1,644.68 |313,102 |- |[[Makamba Province|Makamba]] |[[Makamba, Burundi|Makamba]] |1,959.60 |430,899 |- |[[Rumonge Province|Rumonge]] |[[Rumonge]] |1,079.72 |352,026 |- |colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''Western Burundi''' |- |[[Bubanza Province|Bubanza]] |[[Bubanza]] |1,089.04 |338,023 |- |[[Bujumbura Mairie Province|Bujumbura Mairie]] |[[Bujumbura]] |86.52 |497,166 |- |[[Bujumbura Rural Province|Bujumbura Rural]] |[[Isale]] |1,059.84 |464,818 |- |[[Cibitoke Province|Cibitoke]] |[[Cibitoke]] |1,635.53 |460,435 |- |[[Muramvya Province|Muramvya]] |[[Muramvya]] |695.52 |292,589 |- |[[Mwaro Province|Mwaro]] |[[Mwaro]] |839.60 |273,143 |} Burundi waxay xorowday 1962-dii, markii hore waxay lahayd boqortooyo, laakiin dilal isdaba-joog ah, rabshado iyo cimilada guud ee xasilooni-darrada gobolka ayaa ka dhalatay dhisitaanka Jamhuuriyadda iyo hal xisbi qaran 1966. Noocyada qowmiyadaha iyo ugu dambeyntii laba dagaallo sokeeye iyo xasuuqii 1970-yadii iyo mar kale 1990-yadii waxay ka baxeen waddanka horumaray iyo dadkeeduna waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu faqiirsan aduunka. 2015 ayaa goob joog u ahaa tartan siyaasadeed oo weyn sida Madaxweynaha Pierre Nkurunziza uu doorbiday inuu ku ordo muddo seddexaad ah, isku day afgambi iyo doorashadii baarlamaanka iyo doorashadii madaxtooyada ayaa si weyn loo dhaleeceeyay xubnaha beesha caalamka. Nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Burundi waa mid ka mid ah madax-bannaanida Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee fadhigeedu yahay dowlad-goboleedyo badan. Madaxweynaha Burundi waa madaxa dawladda iyo madaxa dawladda. Burundi waxaa haatan ku jira 21 kooxood oo diiwaan gashan. 13kii Maarso 1992, hogaamiyaha taliska taliska ee Pierre Buyoya Pierre Buyoya ayaa aasaasay dastuur, taas oo bixisay geeddi-socod siyaasadeed oo dhinacyo badan ah iyo tartanka xisbiyada kala duwan. Lix sano ka dib, 6dii Juun 1998-kii, dastuurka ayaa la beddelay, ballaadhinta kuraasta Baarlamaanka Qaranka iyo sameynta qodobbo ku-xigeen laba madaxweyne. Sababtoo ah Heshiiskii Arusha, Burundi waxa ay hirgalisay dowlad ku meel-gaar ah 2000-kii. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, ==Tixraacyo== {{commonscat|Burundi|Burundi}} {{Gumud}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} script error african flag brunai* [[Category:Wadamada Afrika]] bx8v3phvm6umfh9g2nwd44ws3rfirxj 303506 303505 2026-07-30T12:09:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* Tixraacyo */ 303506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Republic of Burundi |native_name = {{ublist|item_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|rn|Republika y'Uburundi}} |{{native name|fr|République du Burundi}}}} |common_name = Burundi |image_flag = Flag of Burundi.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Burundi.svg |image_map = Location Burundi AU Africa.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}} |image_map2 = Burundi - Location Map (2011) - BDI - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = {{unbulleted list |{{native phrase|rn|"Ubumwe, Ibikorwa, Amajambere"|italics=off|nolink=on}} |{{native phrase|fr|"Unité, Travail, Progrès"|italics=off|nolink=on}} }} |national_anthem = {{native phrase|rn|[[Burundi Bwacu]]|nolink=yes}}<br/>{{small|''Our Burundi''}}<br /> |languages_type = [[Official language]]s |languages = [[Kirundi]] (national and official)<br/>[[Af-Faransiis]] (official)<br/>[[Af-Ingiriisi]] (official)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-burundi.html|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Burundi?|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/englishnews/english-is-now-official-language-of-burundi/|title=English is now official language of Burundi|publisher=|access-date=2018-07-29|archive-date=2018-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214014654/http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/englishnews/english-is-now-official-language-of-burundi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblee.bi/Analyse-et-adoption-du-projet-de,835|title=Analyse et adoption du projet de loi portant Statut des Langues au Burundi - Assemblée Nationale du Burundi|first=Jibril TOUZI, Great Lakes|last=Consulting|website=www.assemblee.bi|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2018-07-29|archive-date=2018-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313094143/http://www.assemblee.bi/Analyse-et-adoption-du-projet-de,835|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/bitstream/112/7953/1/sage-jasmine-irakosz.pdf |access-date=2018-07-29 |archive-date=2017-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813072614/http://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/bitstream/112/7953/1/sage-jasmine-irakosz.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |capital = [[Bujumbura]] |coordinates = {{Coord|3|30|S|30|00|E|type:city}} |largest_city = capital |demonym = Burundian |ethnic_groups = {{ublist |85% [[Hutu]] |14% [[Tutsi]] |{{nbsp|2}}1% [[Twa]] |~3,000 Europeans |{{nowrap|~2,000 South Asians}}}} |government_type = [[Presidential system|Presidential]] [[republic]] |leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Burundi|President]] |leader_name1 = [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]]<ref name=cnn01/> |leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Burundi|1st Vice-President]] |leader_name2= Prosper Bazombanza |leader_title3 = [[Vice President of Burundi|2nd Vice-President]] |leader_name3= Joseph Butore |legislature = [[Parliament of Burundi|Parliament]] |upper_house = [[Senate (Burundi)|Senate]] |lower_house = [[National Assembly (Burundi)|National Assembly]] |sovereignty_type = Status |established_event1 = Part of [[Ruanda-Urundi]]<br>{{small|([[United Nations trust territories|UN trust territory]])}} |established_date1 = 1945–1962 |established_event2 = Independence from [[Belgium]] |established_date2 = 1 July 1962 |established_event3 = Republic |established_date3 = 1 July 1966 |established_event4 = [[Constitution of Burundi]] |established_date4 = 28 February 2005 |area_km2 = 27834 |area_rank = 142nd |area_sq_mi = |area_footnote = <ref name=ISTEEBU>{{cite web |url=http://www.isteebu.bi/index.php/economie-en-bref |title=Quelques données pour le Burundi |language=fr |publisher=ISTEEBU |accessdate=17 December 2015 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728161954/http://isteebu.bi/index.php/economie-en-bref |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |percent_water = 10<ref>{{Cite report |date=July 2015 |title=Annuaire statistique du Burundi |language=fr |url=http://www.isteebu.bi/images/annuaires/annuaire%202013%20pdf%20fin.pdf |publisher=ISTEEBU |page=105 |accessdate=17 December 2015 |archive-date=7 Bisha Lixaad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607125402/http://www.isteebu.bi/images/annuaires/annuaire%202013%20pdf%20fin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Burundi}}{{UN_Population|ref}} |population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} |population_estimate_rank = 86th |population_census = 8,053,574<ref name=ISTEEBU/> |population_census_year = 2008 |population_density_km2 = 401.6 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP = $7.985 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=85&pr.y=3&sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=618&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Burundi |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=13 January 2015}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $808<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $3.393 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2017 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $343<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2013 |Gini_change = Decrease |Gini = 39.2 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx |title= Gini Index, World Bank Estimate |work= World Development Indicators |publisher= The World Bank |accessdate= 13 January 2015}}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.404 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 184th |currency = [[Burundian franc]] (FBu) |currency_code = BIF |time_zone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] |utc_offset = +2 |drives_on = right |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy |calling_code = [[+257]] |cctld = [[.bi]] |footnote_a = }} '''Burundi''' waa wadan ku yaalla bartamaha qaarada [[Afrika]], caasimadiisu waa [[Bujumbura]], waa dowlad dhexda ku jirta badna aan lahayn, waxay ka mid tahay wadamada ku yaal [[Gobolka harooyinka waaweyn]], woqooyi waxaa ka xiga [[Ruwanda]], koonfur iyo bari [[Tansaaniya]] galbeedna waxaa ka xiga Kongo [[Za'iir]].[[File:By-map.png|thumb|right|Burundi|270px]] Burundi (/ bərʊndi, -rʌn- /), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Burundi (Kirundi): Burundi, oo ku yaal gobolka Woqooyiga Ameerika ee Bariga [[Afrika]], waxay xuduud ka dhigtay Rwanda waqooyiga, Tansaaniya dhinaca bariga iyo koonfurta, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo oo galbeed ah. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa qayb ka mid ah Bartamaha Afrika. Magaalada Burundi waa Bujumbura. Xuduudaha koonfur galbeed waxay ku dhow yihiin Lake Tanganyika. Dadka reer Twa, Hutu iyo Tutsi waxay ku noolaayeen Burundi ugu yaraan 500 sano. Muddo ka badan 200 oo sano, Burundi waxay ahayd boqortooyo madaxbannaan, ilaa bilowgii qarnigii 20aad, markii Jarmalku gumaysteen gobolka. Ka dib markii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka iyo guul darradii Jarmalka, waxay ka soo gashay dhulka Belgium. Labada Jarmal iyo Beljimka ayaa waxay Burundi iyo [[Rwanda]] ka dhigeen Gobollo-Urundi. Inkastoo ay jiraan khaldad caan ah, Burundi iyo [[Rwanda]] marnaba ma aheyn kuwo ku salaysan caadada ilaa wakhtiga gumeysiga [[Yurub]]. {{Politics of Burundi}} [[Burundi]] is divided into eighteen [[province]]s, each named after their respective [[Capital (political)|capital]] with the exception of Bujumbura Rural. The newest province, [[Rumonge Province|Rumonge]], was created on 26 March 2015 from five communes previously belonging to the provinces of Bujumbura Rural and Bururi.<ref name=rumong>{{cite web |last=Nkurunziza |first=Pierre |author-link=Pierre Nkurunziza |url=http://www.assemblee.bi/IMG/pdf/10%20du26%20mars%202015.pdf |title=LOI N^o 1/10 DU 26 MARS 2015 PORTANT CREATION DE LA PROVINCE DU RUMONGE ET DELIMITATION DES PROVINCES DE BUJUMBURA, BURURI ET RUMONGE |publisher=Presidential Cabinet, Republic of Burundi |date=26 March 2015 |accessdate=14 July 2015 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=25 Bisha Tobnaad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025102654/http://www.assemblee.bi/IMG/pdf/10%20du26%20mars%202015.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <!-- This table is transcluded into [[Burundi#Provinces, Communes and Collines]]. --> <section begin=table /> {{col-begin|width=75%}} {{col-2}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ |-bgcolor=#ACE1AF !Province !Capital !Area <br> (km²) <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/burundi_ext.aspx |title=Burundi: administrative units, extended |publisher=GeoHive |accessdate=13 July 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714122552/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/burundi_ext.aspx |archivedate=14 July 2015 |df= }}</ref> !Population <br> (2008 census)<ref name=statoids>{{cite web |last=Law |first=Gwillim |url=http://www.statoids.com/ubi.html |title=Provinces of Burundi |website=Statoids |accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> |- |colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''Eastern Burundi''' |- |[[Cankuzo Province|Cankuzo]] |[[Cankuzo]] |1,964.54 |228,873 |- |[[Gitega Province|Gitega]] |[[Gitega]] |1,978.96 |725,223 |- |[[Rutana Province|Rutana]] |[[Rutana]] |1,959.45 |333,510 |- |[[Ruyigi Province|Ruyigi]] |[[Ruyigi]] |2,338.88 |400,530 |- |colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''Northern Burundi''' |- |[[Karuzi Province|Karuzi]] |[[Karuzi]] |1,457.40 |436,443 |- |[[Kayanza Province|Kayanza]] |[[Kayanza]] |1,233.24 |585,412 |- |[[Kirundo Province|Kirundo]] |[[Kirundo]] |1,703.34 |628,256 |- |[[Muyinga Province|Muyinga]] |[[Muyinga]] |1,836.26 |632,409 |- |[[Ngozi Province|Ngozi]] |[[Ngozi, Burundi|Ngozi]] |1,473.86 |660,717 |- |colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''Southern Burundi''' |- |[[Bururi Province|Bururi]] |[[Bururi]] |1,644.68 |313,102 |- |[[Makamba Province|Makamba]] |[[Makamba, Burundi|Makamba]] |1,959.60 |430,899 |- |[[Rumonge Province|Rumonge]] |[[Rumonge]] |1,079.72 |352,026 |- |colspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''Western Burundi''' |- |[[Bubanza Province|Bubanza]] |[[Bubanza]] |1,089.04 |338,023 |- |[[Bujumbura Mairie Province|Bujumbura Mairie]] |[[Bujumbura]] |86.52 |497,166 |- |[[Bujumbura Rural Province|Bujumbura Rural]] |[[Isale]] |1,059.84 |464,818 |- |[[Cibitoke Province|Cibitoke]] |[[Cibitoke]] |1,635.53 |460,435 |- |[[Muramvya Province|Muramvya]] |[[Muramvya]] |695.52 |292,589 |- |[[Mwaro Province|Mwaro]] |[[Mwaro]] |839.60 |273,143 |} Burundi waxay xorowday 1962-dii, markii hore waxay lahayd boqortooyo, laakiin dilal isdaba-joog ah, rabshado iyo cimilada guud ee xasilooni-darrada gobolka ayaa ka dhalatay dhisitaanka Jamhuuriyadda iyo hal xisbi qaran 1966. Noocyada qowmiyadaha iyo ugu dambeyntii laba dagaallo sokeeye iyo xasuuqii 1970-yadii iyo mar kale 1990-yadii waxay ka baxeen waddanka horumaray iyo dadkeeduna waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu faqiirsan aduunka. 2015 ayaa goob joog u ahaa tartan siyaasadeed oo weyn sida Madaxweynaha Pierre Nkurunziza uu doorbiday inuu ku ordo muddo seddexaad ah, isku day afgambi iyo doorashadii baarlamaanka iyo doorashadii madaxtooyada ayaa si weyn loo dhaleeceeyay xubnaha beesha caalamka. Nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Burundi waa mid ka mid ah madax-bannaanida Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee fadhigeedu yahay dowlad-goboleedyo badan. Madaxweynaha Burundi waa madaxa dawladda iyo madaxa dawladda. Burundi waxaa haatan ku jira 21 kooxood oo diiwaan gashan. 13kii Maarso 1992, hogaamiyaha taliska taliska ee Pierre Buyoya Pierre Buyoya ayaa aasaasay dastuur, taas oo bixisay geeddi-socod siyaasadeed oo dhinacyo badan ah iyo tartanka xisbiyada kala duwan. Lix sano ka dib, 6dii Juun 1998-kii, dastuurka ayaa la beddelay, ballaadhinta kuraasta Baarlamaanka Qaranka iyo sameynta qodobbo ku-xigeen laba madaxweyne. Sababtoo ah Heshiiskii Arusha, Burundi waxa ay hirgalisay dowlad ku meel-gaar ah 2000-kii. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, ==Tixraacyo== {{commonscat|Burundi|Burundi}} {{Gumud}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} script error african flag brunai* [[Category:Wadamada Afrika]] ewxqrjyi29ssc92ed0n1uwarqb9pqye 0 3524 303635 285809 2026-07-31T10:15:04Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Ogaden]] 303635 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ogaden]] nc5psiy8c4vu4l2zplk5sn16v2cneok 0 4827 303631 303331 2026-07-31T08:59:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |22.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |22..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |23".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |27.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ta8j4k29hfk2lson30fhyx75b8cce7b 0 5572 303610 44977 2026-07-31T03:32:02Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] 303610 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] 52xgxuil2qdw84rfnfpw6knzwayzq8s 0 5785 303507 294958 2026-07-30T12:10:40Z Isma4l 41797 303507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic of Cameroon | common_name = Cameroon | native_name = {{native name|fr|République du Cameroun}} | image_flag = Flag of Cameroon.svg | alt_flag = Vertical tricolor (green, red, yellow) with a five-pointed gold star in the center of the red. | image_coat = | symbol_type = Coat of arms | national_motto = <br/>{{native phrase|fr|"Paix – Travail – Patrie"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Peace – Work – Fatherland"}} | national_anthem = <br/>{{native phrase|fr|[[O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers|Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres]]|nolink=yes}}<br/>{{raise|0.2em|({{Lang-en|"O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers"}}) }}<br /><center> </center> | image_map = Location Cameroon AU Africa.svg | alt_map = Location of Cameroon on the globe. | image_map2 = Cameroon - Location Map (2013) - CMR - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Yaoundé]] | coordinates = {{Coord|3|52|N|11|31|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Douala]] | official_languages = [[English language|English]]<br> [[French language|French]]| ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | {{nowrap|31% [[Ethnic groups in Cameroon|Cameroon Highlanders]]}} | 19% [[Bantu peoples|Equatorial Bantu]] | 11% [[Kirdi]] | 10% [[Fula people|Fulani]] | 8% [[Bantu peoples|Northwestern Bantu]] | 7% Eastern Nigritic | 13% other African | <1% non-African }} | demonym = Cameroonian | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[presidential system|presidential republic]] under an [[totalitarian]] [[dictatorship]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Cameroon|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Paul Biya]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cameroon|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Philémon Yang]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Cameroon|Parliament]] | upper_house = [[Senate (Cameroon)|Senate]] | lower_house = [[National Assembly (Cameroon)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from [[France]]}} | established_event1 = Declared | established_date1 = 1 January 1960 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|Union with former<br/>[[British Cameroons]]}} | established_date2 = 1 October 1961 | area_km2 = 475,442 | area_rank = 53rd <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] sourced from the UN--> | area_sq_mi = 183,569 | percent_water = 0.57 | population_estimate = | population_census = 17,463,836<ref>{{cite web |title=Rapport de présentation des résultats définitifs |url=http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/downloads/Rapport_de_presentation_3_RGPH.pdf |format=PDF |page=6 |publisher=Institut national de la statistique |accessdate=21 July 2012 |language=French |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=13 Bisha Sideedaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813123335/http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/downloads/Rapport_de_presentation_3_RGPH.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 56th <!-- ''[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision Population Database]''. 2006. United Nations Population Division.--> | population_census_year = 2005 | population_density_km2 = 39.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 102,8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 167th <!--UN World Population Prospects--> | GDP_PPP = $81.535&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=1&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=622&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Cameroon |publisher=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,358<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $29.547&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,217<ref name="imf2"/> | Gini = 44.6 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2007 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |title=Distribution of family income – Gini index |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=1 September 2009 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=13 Bisha Lixaad 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.518 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 153rd | currency = [[Central African CFA franc]] | currency_code = XAF | time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[+237]] | cctld = [[.cm]] | footnote_a = These are the titles as given in the ''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'', Article X ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228030033/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Cameroon.pdf |date=28 February 2006 |title=English }} and {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228030033/http://www.prc.cm/instit/consti.htm |date=28 February 2006 |title=French }} versions). 18 January 1996. The French version of the song is sometimes called {{lang|fr|Chant de Ralliement}}, as in Swarovski Orchestra (2004). ''National Anthems of the World''. Koch International Classics; and the English version "O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers", as in [[#DeLancey|DeLancey and DeLancey]] 61. }} '''Kamiruun''' ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Kamiruun''' waa wadan ku yaalo Central [[Afrika]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Jad]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Ikweetiga Guinea]], [[Gabon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo‎]].Cameroon (Faransiiska: Cameroon), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Cameroon (Faransiiska: République du Cameroun), waa waddan ku yaal galbeedka iyo Bartamaha Afrika. Waxaa xuduud u leh Nigeria dhanka galbeedka iyo waqooyiga; Chad ilaa waqooyi bari; Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika; iyo Equatorial Guinea, Gabon iyo Jamhuuriyada Congo koonfurta. Xeebaha Cameroon waxay ku yaalaan Bight of Biafra, qayb ka mid ah Gacanka Guinea iyo Badweynta Atlantic. Inkasta oo Cameroon aysan ahayn waddan xubin ka ah ECOWAS, joqoraafi ahaan iyo taariikh ahaanba waxa ay ku taala Galbeedka Afrika iyadoo la yiraahdo Camerons Koonfureed oo hadda ka dhigaysa Waqooyi-galbeed iyo Koofurta Koonfureed oo leh taariikh xooggan oo Afrikaan ah. Wadanka waxaa mararka qaar loo yaqaanaa Galbeedka Afrika iyo waqtiyo kale oo Bartamaha Afrika ah sababtoo ah mawqifkiisa istaraatiijiga ah ee isgoysyada u dhaxeeya Galbeedka iyo Bartamaha Afrika. Faransiiska iyo Ingiriisku waa luqadaha rasmiga ah ee Kameroon. Wadanka waxaa badanaa lagu magacaabaa "Africa in minestras" oo ku saabsan kala duwanaanta juqraafiga iyo dhaqanka. Noocyada dabiiciga ah waxaa ka mid ah xeebaha, lamadegaanka, buuraha, xayawaanka roobka, iyo savannas. Dhulka ugu sarreeya ee ku dhawaad ​​4,100 mitir (13,500 ft) waa Buur Cameroon oo ku taal Gobolka Koonfureed ee dalka, magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ku nool magaalooyinka Douala ee Wuuri, waa caasimad dhaqaale iyo dekedda muhiimka ah, Yaoundé, iyo Garoua. Waddanka ayaa si fiican u yaqaan asalkiisa muusikada, gaar ahaan makossa iyo bikutsi, iyo kooxda kubada cagta ee guulaha badan. Dadka deggan degaannada hore waxaa ka mid ahaa ilaalada Sao oo ku yaala Harada Chad iyo Beeraha Beeraha ah ee ku yaalla koonfurta-bari ee xiga. Sahamiyeyaasha Bortuqiisku waxay gaadheen xeebta qarnigii 15aad waxaana lagu magacaabay aagga Rio dos Camarões (Waddada Shrimp), oo noqday Kameroon Ingiriisi. Askarta Fulani waxay aasaaseen Emirate-ka Adamawa ee waqooyiga qarnigii 19-aad, kooxo qowmiyadeed oo ka tirsan galbeedka iyo waqooyi-galbeed waxay sameeyeen madax-weynaan iyo fondoms. Kameroon waxay noqotay xarun jarmal ah sanadkii 1884 loo yaqaano Kamerun. Kadib Dagaalkii Dunida Kadib, dhulku waxaa loo kala qaybiyay Faransiiska iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska sida Laanta Qaramadda Midawga. Ururka Midawga Afrika ee u dooda xuquuqda aadanaha (UPC) ayaa ku dooday madaxbannaanida, laakiin waxaa mamnuucay France sannadkii 1950-kii, taasoo keentay in Cameroonian Independence War la dagaalanta kooxaha Faransiiska iyo UPC tan iyo horraantii 1971. 1960-kii, qaybta Faransiisku maamusho ee Cameroon wuxuu noqday madax-bannaan sida Jamhuuriyadda Cameroun ee ku hoos jira madaxweynaha Ahmadou Ahidjo. Qaybta koonfureed ee British Cameroons ayaa la wadaagay 1961-kii si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Cameroon. Xiriirinta waxaa laga tegey 1972-dii. Dalka waxaa loo magacaabay Jamhuuriyadda Midowday ee Cameroon sanadkii 1972 iyo Jamhuuriyada Cameroon sanadkii 1984. Cameroon waxay la kulantaa xasillooni siyaasadeed iyo mid bulsho. Tani waxay u ogolaatay horumarinta beeraha, wadooyinka, tareenada iyo warshadaha waaweyn ee batroolka iyo warshadaha. ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Yawunde]] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g201301/visit-cameroon/ A Visit to Cameroon] {{Dalalka Afrika}} 7fu52parmhb1c0w7bpc33y9mmpssvfi 0 5987 303584 249149 2026-07-30T23:57:28Z Ayanfo189 46015 303584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox broadcasting network |network_name= Raadiyoow Muqdisho <br />Radio Mogadishu</br> |network_logo= Radmoglogo.jpg |country= {{flagcountry|Somalia}} |network_type=Idaacad iyo telefishin |available= Qaranka |slogan= |owner= [[Siyaasadda Soomaaliya|Dawladda Soomaaliya]] |language= Soomaali, Carabi, Ingiriis |headquarters= [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]] |launch_date= 1951 |airdate= |established= |website= [http://www.RadioMuqdisho.net Radio Muqdisho] }} '''Radiyo Muqdisho''' codka Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, waa idaacad ku hadasha codka dowladda federaalka ee [[Soomaaliya]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mareeg.com/radio-mogadishu-expanded-to-reach-more-cities/|title=Mulaxamiistayaasha Soomaaliyeed|3=|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2020-03-02|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925144204/https://mareeg.com/radio-mogadishu-expanded-to-reach-more-cities/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Taariikh== Raadio muqdisho Waxaa la aasaasay xilligii gumeysiga talyaaniga ee [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya]]. Raadiyo Muqdisho ayaa markii hore ku baahin jirtay wararka afka soomaaliga iyo talyaaniga . idaacadda ayaa markii ugu horreysay la bilaabay 1951<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radiomuqdisho.net/radio-muqdisho-codkii-damista-diiday66-sano-oo-guuleedwq-liibaan-cabdi-cali/|title=waxaa la aasaasay 1951dii|3=|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2020-03-02|archive-date=2020-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302045806/https://www.radiomuqdisho.net/radio-muqdisho-codkii-damista-diiday66-sano-oo-guuleedwq-liibaan-cabdi-cali/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 9 sano ka hor intii aan dalku xor noqon. raadio muqdisho waxaa la xiray Dagaalkii sokeeye ee qarxay 1991, waxaana si rasmi ah dib loogu furay horaantii sanadkii 2000 dowladii ku meel gaarka ahayd ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, [[Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xassan]] . == Tixraac == [[Category:Radio]] [[Category:Media ee Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Muqdisho]] ga7ooaytkc9bl5v6guweamwb6egoo8s 0 8692 303591 217418 2026-07-31T01:05:53Z Ayanfo189 46015 /* Google */ 303591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company |name = Somtel <br /> سومتيل |type = [[Isgaarsiinta]] |logo = [[File:Somtel somalia logo.jpg|thumb|400px|Calaamadda ka muuqata sawirkan waxaa weeye caalamada u gaarka ah ee shirkadda isgaadhsiinta ee Somtel ee kalaarka huruuda ah]] |company_slogan = Share your world |foundation = 1998 <br /> [[Burco]], [[Somaliland]] |location_city = [[Hargeysa]] [[Muqdisho]] [[Boosaaso]] [[Garoowe]] |location_country = [[Somaliland]] |key_people = Axmed Nuux Siciid Ducaale |industry = [[Isgaarsiinta]] [[Somaliland]] |products = [[GSM]] [[Fixline]] [[4G LTE]] [[Mobile Money]] [[Roaming]] [[Voip]] |num_employees = inka badan 6000 [[Aduun]]ka oo dhan |revenue = |homepage = [http://www.somtelnetwork.net/ www.somtelnetwork.net] }} '''Somtel''' ({{lang-en|''Somtel''}} {{lang-ar|''سومتيل''}}), waa shirkad isgaarsiin oo ku taala [[Somaliland]].Waxa ay ka mid tahay shirkadaha ka farcamay [[Dahabshiil]]<ref>[http://saraarmedia.com/blog/1398]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, " Somtel waxay ka mid tahay shirkadaha ka farcama Dahabshiil"</ref>. Shirkadaan waxa ay cagaheeda isku taagtey bishii [[Maarso]] 1998. == Adeegyadda Somtel == Shirkadda somtel waa shirkad isticmaasho adeega xadhigla (wireless) ee casriga ah. Shirkadaan waa shirkadii ugu horeeysay ee [[Soomaaliya]] ka bilaawdo adeegyada [[3G]] iyo [[4G LTE]]. Shirkadani waxa xaruunteeda ugu ween ku taala wadada madaxtooyada [[Somaliland]] ee [[Hargeysa]], Sidoo kale waxaa shirkadan si rasmi ah uga hawl gashaa dhammaan wadanka oo dhan iyadoo xaruumo ku leh dhammaan gobolada dalka oo dhan. ==Magac== Ereyga Somtel waxaa laga soo xigtay ereyada [[Ingiriiska|Afka Qalaad]] ku noqonaya "Somali Telecomunication"; taasi oo macnaheedu yahay "Isgaadhsiinta Soomaalida". ==Shirkado Shiraako la ah== ===O3b=== Bishii Nofember 2013, shirkada warisgaadhsiita O3b Networks, Ltd. waxay ku dhawaaqdey ineey Somtel wada galeen heshiis ah in O3b keeni doonto adeeg internet oo xawaarihiisu aad u sareeyo, isla markaana kharash badan ugu fadhiyin Somtel.<ref>[http://www.o3bnetworks.com/2816 O3b]</ref> ===Google=== Tan ilaa horaantii 2012, Somtel waxay heshiis la gashay shirkada [[Google]] si ay u isticmaasho adeega [[e-mail]]ka ee shirkadani.<ref>[https://support.google.com/chat/answer/1694772?hl=en]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>http://www.made-in-china.com/traderoom/somtel</ref> ==Moowjadaha== Shirkada Somtel waxay ku shaqeeysa adeegyada kala ah [[GSM]] iyo [[4G LTE]], kuwaasi oo leh awood ka fiican kuwii hore. Intaas waxaa dheer adeegyo kale oo kala ah: [[3G]] 2100, [[2G]] 1800, 900 iyo LTE 800[[MHz]] 20 FDD. ==Linkiyo banaanka ag== *[http://www.somtelnetwork.net/ Somtel] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somtelnetwork.net/ |date=20131111020421 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} [[Category:Isgaarsiinta Somaliland]] [[Category:Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya]] c8ubgvox2wjp8uzv0622am7p934czgk 0 20201 303607 201765 2026-07-31T03:31:32Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]] 303607 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]] sf889dgs6f32ysrqa726inpm6s12o1q 0 20684 303632 252630 2026-07-31T09:46:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303632 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:3GPP Long Term Evolution Country Map.svg|thumb|right|300px|alt=Meelaha wali laga isticmaalo 3GPP| Deegaanada laga isticmaalo LTE {{legend|#ff0000|Wadanada leh adeega LTE}} {{legend|#3F6395|Wadanada leh shabakada adeega ganacsi LTE}} {{legend|#A5BDDB|Wadanada ku cusub tahay adeega LTE}}]] [[File:Lte signal android.png|thumb|right|150px|Signalka LTE Android]] '''Adeega LTE''' ({{lang-en|Long-Term Evolution}}) ('''LTE''') waa adeeg [[isgaarsiin]]ta ka mid ah kaasi oo degdeg badan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/home|title=An Introduction to LTE|publisher=3GPP LTE Encyclopedia|accessdate=December 3, 2010|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401064707/http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/home|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motorolasolutions.com/web/Business/Solutions/Industry%20Solutions/Service%20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6834_MotDoc_New.pdf|title=Long Term Evolution (LTE): A Technical Overview|publisher=Motorola|accessdate=July 3, 2010|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613000511/http://www.motorolasolutions.com/web/Business/Solutions/Industry%20Solutions/Service%20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6834_MotDoc_New.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[4G LTE]] *[[Isgaarsiin]] *[[Taleefoon]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Isgaarsiinta]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] l21cl17earm2j76qqw1l22um6mdljto 0 21738 303609 167308 2026-07-31T03:31:52Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] 303609 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] 52xgxuil2qdw84rfnfpw6knzwayzq8s 0 23634 303601 303135 2026-07-31T02:42:40Z Ayanfo189 46015 303601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Xaliimo Ismaaciil Ibraahim | image = Halima_Ismail_Ibrahim_April_2018.jpg | image_size = | caption = in 2018 | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Mogadishu]] | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | residence = | other_names = | known_for = Guddoomiyaha Guddiga madaxa bannaan ee doorashooyinka | education = | employer = | occupation = | religion = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = | nationality = [[Soomaaliya]] }} '''Xaliimo Ismaaciil Ibraahim''' oo ku magac dheer “Xaliimo Yareey” waa Guddoomiyaha Guddiga madaxa bannaan ee doorashooyinka qaran. Waa gabadhii ugu horreysay ee xilkaas qabata taariikhda Soomaaliya. Horay waxa ay u aheyd guddoomiyaha guddiga farsamada ee dhismaha maamul goboleedka [[Galmudug]], iyada oo sidoo kale noqotay guddoomiyaha guddiga farsamada ee xulitaanka baarlamaanka federaalka ah doorashadii 2012ka.Waa hooyo dhashay saddex carruur ah oo saygeeda Injineer Cabdulaahi Ismaaciil Cashuur lagu dilay magaalada Muqdisho 18ka Nofeembar 2014kii. Cashuur wuxuu la shaqeeyay wasaarada arrimaha gudaha iyo maamulka gobolka Banaadir, wuxuuna kaalin weyn ku lahaa dhismaha jidadka iyo bulaacadaha magaalada Muqdisho.<ref>https://niec.so/en/about/commissioners</ref> == Taariikh nololeedkeeda== Xaliimo Ismaaciil waxa ay 23kii Diseembar 1950dii ku dhalatay magaalada Muqdisho, gaar ahaan isbitaalka hooyada iyo dhallaanka ee [[Martiini (isbitaal)|Martiini]] ee uu dhisay gumeystihii Talyaaniga 1912kii. Waxa ay ku barbaartay xaafada isku-raranka ee degmada Xamaweyne. Waxa ay ku kortay guriga abtigeed oo shaqaale ka ahaa wasaarada caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya maadaama hooyadeed iyo aabbeheed ay kala tageen iyada oo uurka lagu sido.<ref>https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_somalia-push-voter-registration-ahead-2021-elections/6179500.html</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Waxa ay waxbarashada dugsiga hoose ku qaadatay dugsiga xanaanada oo la dhehi jiray Finta Kuwaataro Maajo Intii u dhaxeysay 1965-1966. Dowladdii Kacaanka ayaa mar dambe dugsigaas ugu magacdaray Xaaji Barsane. Shiikh [[Xasan Xaaji Barsane]] wuxuu ahaa halgamaa la dagaalay ciidamada gumeysiga Talyaaniga islamarkaasna ka hortagay iskuday boqortooyada Itoobiya ku doonaynaysay inay ku qabsato xuduudka Soomaaliya ee gobolka Hiiraan. Waxa ay 1967-1968 waxbarashada dugsiga dhexe ku qaadatay dugsiga Media Centrale (Mardambe ayaa magaca laga badelay oo loo bixiyay dugsiga Bartamaha). Waxa ay ka qalinjabisay dugsiga saree ee Raage Ugaas sanadkii 1967. Xaliimo waxa ay shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacada ku qaadatay cilmiga beeraha iyada oo ka qalinjebisay Jaamacada Ummadda Soomaaliyeed sanadkii 1981dii. Waxa ay kadib heshay deeq waxbarasho oo dalka Talyaaniga ah, waxa ayna jaamacada shahaadada heerka labaad ee jaamacada (Master’s degree) ee cilmiga dhaqaalaha iyo beeraha ka qaadatay jaamacada Turino sanadkii 1983dii.<ref>https://www.chathamhouse.org/chatham-house-prize/2018-nominees/halima-ismail-ibrahim</ref> ==Xirfad shaqo== Waxa ay Xaliimo Soomaaliya dib ugu soo noqotay isla sanadka 1983dii kadib markii ay soo dhamaysatay waxbarashada ay dalka Talyaaniga u joogtay. Shaqadeedii ugu horreysay waxa ay ka bilowday Jaamacada Ummada oo ay ka noqotay kaaliye bare (assistant lecture). Saddex sano kadib ayay noqotay bare buuxa oo jaamacada ka tirsan iyada oo dhigi jirtay cilmiga beeraha iyo dhaqaalaha. Waxa ay shaqadaas haysay ilaa iyo jaamacada ka xirantay 1991 markaas oo dowladdii keliteliska ahayd ee Maxamed Siyaad Barre la riday. Inta ay jaamacada ka shaqeynaysay Xaliimo waxa ay qabatay shaqooyin dhowr ah oo mutadawacnimo ah. Shaqooyinkaas waxaa ka mid ah mashruucii weynaa ee bacaad-celinta Shalaanbood ee gobolka Shabeelada Hoose, kaas oo ku guuleystay inuu joojiyo bacaadkii ku sii durqayey waddooyinka isku xira Muqdisho iyo jubbooyinka. Waxa ay Xaliimo sidoo kale ka mid ahayd dhallinyaradii ka qeyb-qaadatay olalaha barashada afsoomaaliga ee loo diray dhulka miyiga ah si ay dadka reer guuraaga ah usoo baraan qoraalka afsoomaaliga oo la hirgeliyay 1973dii. Waxa ay sidoo kale la shaqeysay Waaxda Bulshada iyo Horumarinta dadka ee xibsigii talada hayay ee Hantiwadaaga Soomaaliyeed.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211127025157/https://halqaran.com/index.php/2019/11/22/2020-is-a-pivotal-year-for-somalia-poll-agency/</ref> Waxa ay 1992 ka mid noqotay howlwadeennada Soomaalida ah ee howlgalka Qaramada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya (United Nations Operations in Somalia; UNOSOM). Waxa ay ahayd sarkaalka howlgalka ku qaabilsan arrimaha siyaasada. Waxa ay si gaar ah uga shaqeysay arrimaha dib- u-heshiisiinta iyo dhismaha goleyaasha heer gobol iyo degmo, howlahaas oo si gaar ah loogu dhiirogelinayay islamarkaasna qor loogu qaadayay kaalinta haweenka ee hoggaaminta siyaasadeed iyo talo ku-yeelashada go’aamada maamulka. Mudada ay la shaqeynaysay UNOSOM waxa ay isu keentay haween Soomaaliyeed oo hoggaamiyeyaal ah kuwaas oo ka kala yimid gobolada dalka oo dhan si ay ugu yeeshaan cod mideysan iyo kaalin xoog leh oo muuqata dedaalada dib-u-heshiisiinta kooxaha siyaasada. Sidoo kale waxa ay Xaliimo xubin ka ahayd guddiga ka shaqaynayay heshiisiinta hoggaamiyeyaasha Cali Mahdi Mohamed iyo Janaraal Maxamed Faarax Caydiid oo ku dagaalamayay islamarkaasna qad cagaaran kala dhex dhigay magaalada. Xaliimo waxa ay isaga tagtay Soomaaliya sanadkii 1996dii markaas oo ay Qaramada Midoobay joojisay howlgalka UNOSOM, isagana baxday Soomaaliya iyada oo ay dagaaladuna sii kordhayeen. Waxa ay u guurtay dalka Mareykanka oo ay ku nooleyd ilaa 2007dii. Bulshada rayidka/Siyaasad Xaliimo Ismaaciil waxa ay xubin ka ahayd ururada bulshada rayidka wixii ka dambeeyay markii dowladda militariga ay dhacday. Waxa ay ka mid ahayd koox haween ah oo ay hoggaamineysay [[Xaliimo Cabdi Caruush]] oo aasaasay ururka IIDA bishii May sanadka 1991. Ururka wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa horumarinta danaha iyo xirfadaha haweenka Soomaaliyeed, nabadiinta iyo heshiisiinta bulshada, difaacida iyo u doodida xaquuqda aadanaha iyo dhiirogelinta ka qeybgalka haweenka ee arrimaha siyaasada, dib u heshiisiinta qaran, dib-u-dhiska iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha dalka. Waxa ay 1995 hogaaminaysay koox haweenka Soomaaliyeed ah ee ka qeybgalay shirwaynihii Aayaha Haweenka ee dalka Shiinaha. Wixii markaa ka dambeeyay waxa ay u guurtay dalka Mareykanka maadaama ay sii kordheen dagaalada iyo colaadaha sokeeye. Waxa ay Soomaaliya dib ugu soo noqotay 2007dii, iyada oo noqotay xiriiriyaha howlaha ururka IIDA. Waxa ay maamushay mashaariicda IIDA ee dhanka waxbarashada, caafimaadka iyo xaquuqda haweenka ee isla gobolkaas. Waxa 2011dii Xaliimo loo doortay inay noqoto guddoomiyaha Isbaheysiga Ururada Bulshada Rayidka oo ujeedka loo dhisay uu ahaa in la mideeyo codka iyo awooda, iyo dedaalka ururada bulshada ee ku aadan in Soomaaliya ay ka baxdo dowladnimada ku-meel-gaarka ah oo ay yeelato dowlad joogta oo aan qabyo ahayn. Xaliimo waxa ay 2012kii guddoomiye ka noqotay Guddiga Farsamada ee u xilsaarnaa hubinta iyo soo-xulida xubnaha baarlamaanka federaalka ah ee dowladda Soomaaliya. Waxa uu guddigaas ku guuleystay dhismaha baarlamaankii ugu horreeyay ee lagu doorto gudaha Soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay markii ay dhacday dowladdii militiriga aheyd 1991. Wuxuu baarlamaankaas sees u noqday dhismaha dowlad buuxda oo ay Soomaaliya yeelato taas oo heshay aqoonsi caalami ah. Waxaa dowladaas madaxweyne ka ahaa mudane Xasan Shiikh Maxamuud. Xaliimo iyo koox kale oo haween ah ayaa Juun 2014kii aasaasay Ururka Hoggaanka Haweenka Soomaaliyeed (SWLI) oo kala shaqeeya haweenka Soomaaliyeed iyo hay’adaha caalamiga ah si loo taageero kaalinta haweenka dhanka siyaasadda iyo howlaha kale. Xaliimo waxa ay sidoo kale noqotay guddoomiyaha guddiga farsamada ee shirka maamul u sameynta gobolada dhexe. Guddiga ayaa sidoo kale maamulayay soo xulida ergooyinka doortay xildhibaanada Galmudug, iyaga oo sidoo kale maamulay doorashada madaxweynaha iyo madaxweyne xigeenka maamul goboleedkaas. Baarlamaanka Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa 6 Luulyo, 2015ka ansixiyay guddiga madaxa banaan ee doorashooyinka qaran oo ka kooban 11 xubnood. Guddiga waxaa horey usoo magacaabay wasaarada arrimaha gudaha ee dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya. Isla 25kii Bishaas ayay xubnaha guddiga u doortay in Xaliimo Ismaaciil Ibraahim noqoto guddoomiyaha guddiga doorashooyinka qaran. Waxa uu guddiga u xilsaaran yahay in uu Soomaaliya gaarsiiyo doorasho qof iyo cod ah sanadka 2020ka. Waxaa loo arkaa Xaliimo Ismaaciil inay tahay gabadha ugu awooda badan xilligan dhanka siyaasada, waana gabadhii ugu horreysay ee guddoomiye u noqota guddiga. ==sido kale fiiri== *[[Muqdisho]] [[category:Dadka reer Muqdisho]] 261cknlew34add1vlsjglwlxb3ji4yj 0 29949 303611 201767 2026-07-31T03:32:12Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]] 303611 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]] sf889dgs6f32ysrqa726inpm6s12o1q 0 29952 303612 201768 2026-07-31T03:32:22Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]] 303612 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]] sf889dgs6f32ysrqa726inpm6s12o1q 0 30209 303627 297742 2026-07-31T05:29:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|name=Blackpink|image=Blackpink Pink Carpet Event 2.jpg|landscape=haa|alt=Blackpink in PUBG Mobile promotional video in March 2021|caption=Blackpink ee 2024 <br /> bidix ilaa midig: [[Lisa]], [[Jisoo]], [[Jennie]], iyo [[Rosé]]|origin=[[Seoul]], Koonfur Kuuriya|genre=[[K-pop]]|years_active={{start date|2016}}–hada|label=*[[YG Entertainment|YG]] *YGEX *[[Interscope Records]]|associated_acts=YG Family|website={{URL|blackpinkofficial.com}}|current_members=* [[Jisoo]] * [[Jennie]] * [[Rosé]] * [[Lisa]]}}{{short description|koox gabdhood}}'''Blackpink''' ([[Hangul]]: 블랙 핑크; inta badan loo habeeyey sida '''BLACKPINK''' ama '''BLΛƆKPIИK''') waa koox gabdhaha Kuuriyada Koonfureed ah oo ay samaysatay [[YG Entertainment]], kana kooban xubno [[Jisoo]], [[Jennie]], [[Rosé]], iyo [[Lisa]]. Blackpink waa ficilka ugu sarreeya ee dumarka Kuuriyaanka ah ee ugu sarreeya ee [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], oo ku sarreysa lambarka 13 ee leh "[[Ice Cream]]" (2020), iyo [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], oo ku sarreysa lambarka labaad ''[[The Album]]'' (2020), kaas oo sidoo kale ah albamkii ugu horeeyay ee ay sameeyaan koox gabar Kuuriyaan ah oo iibisa in ka badan hal milyan oo nuqul.<ref>* {{cite magazine|first=Gary|last=Trust|date=September 8, 2020|title=Blackpink Hits New Hot 100 High With Debut of Selena Gomez Collab 'Ice Cream'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9445890/blackpink-hits-new-hot-100-high-ice-cream|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 8, 2020|language=en|archive-date=September 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910181907/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9445890/blackpink-hits-new-hot-100-high-ice-cream|url-status=live}} * {{Cite magazine|title=21 Savage & Metro Boomin's 'Savage Mode II' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9463907/21-savage-metro-boomin-savage-billboard-200-chart-debut|access-date=October 11, 2020|magazine=Billboard|language=en|archive-date=October 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017121028/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9463907/21-savage-metro-boomin-savage-billboard-200-chart-debut|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|date=November 13, 2020|title=NCT, BLACKPINK, Seventeen achieve 'million seller' status with their new albums|url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/11/13/nct-blackpink-seventeen-achieve-million-seller-status-with-their-new-albums/|access-date=December 16, 2020|website=Manila Bulletin|language=en-US|archive-date=April 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418013757/https://mb.com.ph/2020/11/13/nct-blackpink-seventeen-achieve-million-seller-status-with-their-new-albums/|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay ahaayeen kooxdii ugu horeysay ee Kuuriyaan ah ee soo gasha oo sare u qaada jaantuska [[Billboard Twitter Real-Time|''Billboard'' Fanaaniinta Soo Baxaya]] iyo inay sare u qaadaan jaantuska ''Billboard'' Iibinta Heesaha Dijitaalka ah ee Adduunka.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Xander|last=Zellner|date=June 27, 2018|title=Blackpink Is First All-Female K-Pop Group to Top Emerging Artists Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8463017/blackpink-no-1-emerging-artists-chart|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=July 8, 2020|language=en|archive-date=August 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818123635/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8463017/blackpink-no-1-emerging-artists-chart|url-status=live}}</ref> Blackpink waxay sidoo kale ahayd falkii ugu horreeyay ee dumar ah oo Kuuriyaan ah si ay shahaado uga hesho [[Ururka Warshadaha Duubista Ameerika|Ururka Warshadaha Duubista ee Ameerika]] (RIAA) heestooda guusha leh "[[Ddu-Du Ddu-Du]]" (2018), oo muqaalkeeda muusiga uu hadda yahay muqaal-ka ugu daawashada badan koox Koonfur Kuuriya ah ee [[Youtube|YouTube]].<ref>* {{cite magazine|first=Tamar|last=Herman|date=August 3, 2019|title=Blackpink Receive First RIAA Certification for 'Ddu-Du Ddu-Du'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8528212/blackpink-ddu-du-ddu-du-certified-gold|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=July 9, 2020|language=en|archive-date=November 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104205642/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8528212/blackpink-ddu-du-ddu-du-certified-gold|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|first=Bryan|last=Rolli|date=January 22, 2019|title=BlackPink's 'Ddu-Du Ddu-Du' Is The Most-Watched Music Video by a Korean Group On YouTube|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrolli/2019/01/22/blackpinks-ddu-du-ddu-du-is-the-most-watched-music-video-by-a-korean-group-on-youtube/#510c328c6a25|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=July 9, 2020|language=en|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234115/https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrolli/2019/01/22/blackpinks-ddu-du-ddu-du-is-the-most-watched-music-video-by-a-korean-group-on-youtube/#510c328c6a25|url-status=live}}</ref> Heestoodii 2018 ee "[[Kiss and Make-up]]", oo ay iska kaashadeen [[Dua Lipa]], ayaa ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee koox Kuuriyaan ah si ay shahaado uga helaan [[Warshadaha Codaynta Ingiriiska|Warshadaha Codaynta ee Ingiriiska]] (BPI)<ref>: * {{cite web|first=Hugh|last=McIntyre|date=March 17, 2020|title=BTS's 'Boy With Luv' Is Just The Fifth Korean Single To Be Certified in the U.K.|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2020/03/17/btss-boy-with-luv-is-just-the-fifth-korean-single-to-be-certified-in-the-uk/#6973121b4d86|access-date=July 9, 2020|website=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=October 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030151245/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2020/03/17/btss-boy-with-luv-is-just-the-fifth-korean-single-to-be-certified-in-the-uk/#6973121b4d86|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|title=Blackpink Raih Sertifikat Perak dari Industri Fonografi Inggris|url=https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2019/09/22/blackpink-raih-sertifikat-perak-dari-industri-fonografi-inggris|access-date=July 14, 2020|website=Warta Kota|language=id|archive-date=April 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418013758/https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2019/09/22/blackpink-raih-sertifikat-perak-dari-industri-fonografi-inggris|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo shahaado platinum ah oo ka timid [[Ururka Warshadaha Duubista Australia|Ururka Warshadaha Duubista ee Australia]] (ARIA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blackpink Raih Platinum di Australia untuk Single Kiss and Make Up|url=https://tirto.id/blackpink-raih-platinum-di-australia-untuk-single-kiss-and-make-up-ekph|access-date=July 14, 2020|website=tirto.id|language=id|archive-date=April 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418013758/https://tirto.id/blackpink-raih-platinum-di-australia-untuk-single-kiss-and-make-up-ekph|url-status=live}}</ref> Blackpink waxay show ku qabten [[Coachella]] sanadka 2023. Blackpink waxay jebisay diiwaanno badan oo khadka ah intii ay ku jireen xirfaddooda. Fiidiyowgooda muusigga ee "[[Kill This Love]]" (2019) iyo "[[How You Like That]]" (2020) mid kastaa wuxuu dejiyaa diiwaannada fiidiyaha muusiga ee aadka loo daawado 24-kii saac ee ugu horreeyay ee la sii daayay, iyadoo kan dambe uu jabiyay saddex oo dhigay laba ''[[Guinness World Records]]''<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 30, 2020|title=Blackpink's return sets new YouTube records with How You Like That|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2020/6/blackpinks-return-sets-new-youtube-records-with-how-you-like-that-622453|access-date=September 5, 2020|website=Guinness World Records|language=en|archive-date=July 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701052130/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2020/6/blackpinks-return-sets-new-youtube-records-with-how-you-like-that-622453|url-status=live}}</ref>. Waxay yihiin kooxdii ugu horeysay iyo haweenka Kuuriyaanka ah si ay u yeeshaan shan fiidiyow oo muusig ah waxay ururiyaan hal bilyan oo aragti kasta ee YouTube;<ref>* {{Cite web|title=Blackpink's 'Kill This Love' surpasses 1&nbsp;billion views on YouTube|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/09/02/entertainment/kpop/Blackpink-Kill-This-Love-1-billion/20200902174600339.html|access-date=September 5, 2020|website=Korea JoongAng Daily|language=en|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107053132/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/09/02/entertainment/kpop/Blackpink-Kill-This-Love-1-billion/20200902174600339.html|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2021/11/12/blackpink-collect-a-fifth-billion-view-music-video-with-how-you-like-that/?sh=8e52b6560a54|title=Blackpink Collects A Fifth Billion-View Music Video With 'How You Like That'|last=McIntyre|first=Hugh|date=November 12, 2021|work=[[Forbes]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112233014/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2021/11/12/blackpink-collect-a-fifth-billion-view-music-video-with-how-you-like-that/?sh=8e52b6560a54|archive-date=November 12, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=November 12, 2021}} * {{Cite web|date=April 23, 2021|last=McIntyre|first=Hugh|title=Blackpink's 'As If It's Your Last' Music Video Reaches One Billion Views On YouTube|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2021/04/23/blackpinks-as-if-its-your-last-music-video-reaches-one-billion-views-on-youtube/?sh=6a01d6dd8776|access-date=April 30, 2021|website=Forbes|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518131530/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2021/04/23/blackpinks-as-if-its-your-last-music-video-reaches-one-billion-views-on-youtube/?sh=6a01d6dd8776|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|date=October 13, 2020|title=Blackpink's 'Boombayah' reaches 1 billion views on YouTube, group's third MV to achieve feat|url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/13/blackpinks-boombayah-reaches-1-billion-views-on-youtube-groups-third-mv-to-achieve-feat/|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Manila Bulletin|archive-date=November 28, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201128215913/https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/13/blackpinks-boombayah-reaches-1-billion-views-on-youtube-groups-third-mv-to-achieve-feat/%7C|url-status=live}}</ref> fanaanka ugu badan ee laga diiwaan galiyo YouTube;  iyo kooxda hablaha loogu raacdo [[Spotify]], oo leh in ka badan 20  milyan oo raacsan laga bilaabo Maarso 2021.<ref>* {{cite web|author=Ana Monroy Yglesias|date=July 2, 2020|title="How You Like That:" Blackpink Breaks Multiple Records With Latest Music Video|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/how-you-blackpink-breaks-multiple-records-latest-music-video|access-date=July 6, 2020|website=[[Grammy Awards]]|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035846/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/how-you-blackpink-breaks-multiple-records-latest-music-video|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|date=September 10, 2021|title=블랙핑크, 저스틴 비버 제쳤다…유튜브 구독자 전 세계 1위 등극|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/018/0005034300|website=Naver|language=ko|archive-date=September 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910065926/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/018/0005034300|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210316007500315|title=BLACKPINK becomes first girl group to hit 20 mln followers on Spotify|date=March 16, 2021|website=Yonhap News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316083231/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210316007500315|archive-date=March 16, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=August 4, 2021}}</ref> Abaalmarintooda kale waxaa ka mid ah, [[Abaalmarinta Golden Disc]], [[Abaalmarinta Muusikada Seoul]], [[Abaalmarinta Mnet Muusiga Aasiya oo Kooxda Dhedig ugu Fiican]], Abaalmarintii ugu horreysay ee [[MTV Abaalmarinta Muqaalka Muusikada]] oo ay ku guuleysteen koox gabar Kuuriyaan ah,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.tenasia.com/archives/106836|title=BLACKPINK Becomes First Kpop Girl Group to Win MTV VMA...BTS Takes Home 4 Awards|last=Jung|first=You|date=August 31, 2020|work=TenAsia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922074951/http://en.tenasia.com/archives/106836|archive-date=September 22, 2020|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2020}}</ref> iyo aqoonsiga kooxdii ugu horeysay ee dumar ah oo Kuuriyaan ah oo ku jira liiska ''[[Forbes]]'' [[Forbes 30 Under 30|30 Under 30 Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramirez|first=Elaine|title=BlackPink: The All-Girl K-Pop Group Following BTS's Footsteps And Taking Over The U.S.|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/elaineramirez/2019/04/01/blackpink-the-all-girl-k-pop-group-following-btss-footsteps-and-taking-over-the-u-s/|access-date=July 14, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234606/https://www.forbes.com/sites/elaineramirez/2019/04/01/blackpink-the-all-girl-k-pop-group-following-btss-footsteps-and-taking-over-the-u-s/|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxa ay Forbes Korea u aqoonsatay mid ka mid ah [[Forbes Korea Power Celebrity 40|dadka caanka ah ee ugu awooda badan Koonfur Kuuriya]], iyagoo kaalinta koowaad galay 2019, saddexaad 2020, iyo labaad 2021.<ref>* {{cite web|url=http://jmagazine.joins.com/forbes/view/325767|title=포브스코리아 선정 2019 파워 셀러브리티 40|website=[[JoongAng Ilbo]]|access-date=July 6, 2020|date=April 23, 2019|first=Oh|last=Seung-il|archive-date=May 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502123542/http://jmagazine.joins.com/forbes/view/325767|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|url=http://jmagazine.joins.com/forbes/view/333966|script-title=ko:[2021 포브스코리아 선정 파워 셀럽 40] BTS·블랙핑크 '선두권' 수성, 임영웅·영탁 '트로트 대세' 등극|last=Oh|first=Seung-il|date=April 27, 2021|work=[[JoongAng Ilbo]]|language=ko|trans-title=[2021 Forbes Korea Selected Power Celeb 40] BTS·Blackpink 'Leading World' Suseong, Lim Young-woong·Young Tak 'Trot Trend'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428121650/http://jmagazine.joins.com/forbes/view/333966|archive-date=April 28, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=April 27, 2021|via=Joins}}</ref> Bishii Janaayo 2021, Blackpink waxaa u tixgaliyay madaxweynaha Koonfur Kuuriya [[Moon Jae-in]] faafinta waxyaabaha K-pop ee adduunka oo dhan wuxuuna u aqoonsaday inay yihiin dhacdo K-pop caalami ah.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gona|first=Mina|date=January 11, 2021|title=문 대통령 "BTS 등 세계인 매료..문화강국 위상 더 다져갈 것"|url=https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2021011110210713452|url-status=live|access-date=September 15, 2021|website=Star News|language=ko}}</ref> == Taariikhda fanka == === 2016–2017 === {{Multiple image|direction=vertical|align=right|width=240|image1=20161119 블랙핑크 멜론뮤직어워드 (1).jpg|caption1=Blackpink bisha Nofeembar 29, 2016|image2=블랙핑크(BlackPink) - 마지막처럼 171001 코리아뮤직페스티벌.jpg|caption2=Blackpink bisha Oktoobar 1, 2017}}Blackpink waxay sameysteen kulankoodii ugu horreeyay bishii Ogosto 8, 2016 sameeyay [[YG Entertainment,|YG Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=109&aid=0003347383|title=YG 새 걸그룹, '블랙 핑크' 이름의 뜻은?[YG 새 걸그룹 최종발표③]|access-date=August 12, 2016|date=June 29, 2016|author=Choi Na-young|work=OSEN|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertain.naver.com/music/now/read?oid=108&aid=0002536916|title=YG新걸그룹은 4인조 '블랙핑크'..최종멤버 이미 밝힌 4인|author=Gil Hye-seong|date=June 29, 2016|work=Star News|accessdate=June 29, 2016|language=ko}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> waxay soo saareen albumkoodii hal oo ugu horreeyay ''[[Square One]]'', iyo heesaha "[[Boombayah]]" iyo "[[Whistle]]"<ref name=":02">{{cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201608091630134122942_2|title=YG Entertainment unveils K-pop group BLACKPINK|author=Kim Yu-young|date=August 9, 2016|website=Kpop Herald|access-date=August 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/107611/blackpink-sweeping-charts-within-2-days-of-debut-all-kpop-news|title=BLACKPINK Sweeping Charts Within 2 Days of Debut|author=Jeon Su Mi|date=August 10, 2016|website=Mwave|access-date=August 13, 2016}}</ref>, Blackpink waxay soo saartay albumkeedii labaad ee ''[[Square Two]]'' iyo heesaha "[[Playing with Fire]]" iyo "[[Stay]]" bisha Nofeembar 1, 2016, Guusha ganacsi ee Blackpink shantii bilood ee ugu horreysay waxay ka heshay dhowr abaalmarino rookie ah abaalmarinno muusiko oo ku saabsan dhamaadka sanadka Korea, oo ay ku jiraan [[Asia Artist Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvdaily.asiae.co.kr/read.php3?aid=14793008471181924002|title='AAA' 조진웅∙엑소 대상…방탄소년단∙박보검∙윤아 2관왕 [종합]|date=November 16, 2016|website=TV Daily|access-date=January 4, 2018|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084540/http://tvdaily.asiae.co.kr/read.php3?aid=14793008471181924002|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Melon Music Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2016/11/21/exo-bts-twice-triumph-at-melon-music-awards/|title=EXO, BTS, TWICE triumph at Melon Music Awards|last=Hicap|first=Jonathan|date=November 21, 2016|website=[[Manila Bulletin]]|access-date=January 4, 2019|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403145928/https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2016/11/21/exo-bts-twice-triumph-at-melon-music-awards/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Golden Disc Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/popasia/blog/2016/11/25/31st-golden-disk-awards-nominations-are-revealed-0|title=The 31st Golden Disk Awards nominations are revealed|accessdate=December 17, 2016}}</ref> [[Seoul Music Awards]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://seoulmusicawards.com|title=ASeoul Music Awards|website=Seoul Music Awards|access-date=December 17, 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214235343/http://www.seoulmusicawards.com/|archivedate=December 14, 2013|df=}}</ref> iyo [[Gaon Chart Music Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=201702221804111352245_1|title=[6th 가온차트]"더 없이 공정했다"..엑소 4관왕·블랙핑크 3관왕(종합)|date=February 22, 2017|website=Herald Pop|access-date=January 4, 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007170233/http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=201702221804111352245_1|archivedate=October 7, 2017|df=}}</ref> Bishii Juun 22, 2017 kooxd waxay soo saartay heesta "As If It's Your Last".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2017/06/682_231754.html|title=BLACKPINK reveals digital single before Japanese showcase|work=The Korea Times|date=June 22, 2017|last=Kim|first=Jae-heun}}</ref> === [[2018]]–[[2019]] === {{Multiple image|direction=vertical|align=left|width=250|image1=180221 Black Pink for Marie Claire Korea Magazine.png|caption1=Blackpink bisha Febraayo 21, 2018|image2=180624 블랙핑크 분당 AK플라자 팬사인회 1.jpg|caption2=Blackpink bisha Juun 24, 2018.}}Juun 15, 2018 kooxdu waxay siidaysay [[Extended play|EP]]-kooriyadeedii ugu horreeyay ''Square Up,'' iyo heesta "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8461197/blackpink-square-up-ep-ddu-du-ddu-du-video|title=BlackPink Release 'Square Up' EP Fronted by Sharp-Shooting 'Ddu-Du Ddu-Du' Music Video|work=Billboard|last=Herman|first=Tamar|accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/years-and-years-if-youre-over-me-hits-number-1-on-the-official-trending-chart__23191/|title=Years and Years' If You're Over Me hits Number 1 on the Official Trending Chart|work=[[Official Charts Company|Official Charts UK]]|last=Copsey|first=Rob|accessdate=June 22, 2018}}</ref> Bishii Sebtember [[2018]], Fannaanda Ingiriiska [[Dua Lipa]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay "Kiss and Make Up", oo kaashanaysa shirkadda Blackpink, heesta ayaa la sii daayay bishii Oktoobar 19, 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iheart.com/content/2018-09-04-dua-lipa-announces-blackpink-collab-kiss-and-make-up-get-the-details/|title=Dua Lipa Announces Blackink Collab 'Kiss And Make Up': Get The Details|first=Hayden|last=Brooks|date=September 4, 2018|accessdate=October 30, 2018|publisher=[[iHeartMedia]]}}</ref>. Blackpink saddexaad [[Extended play|EP]], '' [[Kill This Love]] '', ayaa la sii daayay Abriil 5, [[2019]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20190325000285|title=BLACKPINK to drop new album, "Kill This Love," next month|last=|first=|date=March 25, 2019|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref> === 2020 === Abriil 22, waxaa la xaqiijiyey inay kooxdu ku jiri doonto [[Lady Gaga]] albumkiisa lixaad ee ''[[Chromatica]]'', oo ku taal heesta "[[Sour Candy]]", oo la sii daayay May 28, 2020<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9363808/lady-gaga-chromatica-official-track-list|title=Lady Gaga Confirms 'Chromatica' Track List, With Some Star-Studded Guests|last=Daw|first=Stephen|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=April 22, 2020|date=April 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/popasia/blog/2020/06/08/blackpink-hit-aria-top-10-lady-gagas-sour-candy|title=BLACKPINK hit ARIA Top 10 with Lady Gaga's "Sour Candy"|publisher=[[SBS PopAsia]]|date=June 8, 2020|accessdate=June 14, 2020}}</ref> Bishii Meey 18, YG Entertainment wuxuu ku dhawaaqay kooxda inay sii deyn doonto hees bisha Juun, oo ay ku xigto sii deyn dheeri ah inta u dhaxaysa Luulyo iyo Ogosto, si ay u horumariyaan albumkoodii ugu horreeyay ee dherer ah oo ay ku jiraan ugu yaraan 10 hees bishii Sebtember.<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://star.mt.co.kr/view.html?gnb=news&snb=search&no=2020050410445616469|title=[단독] 블랙핑크, 6월 컴백..YG "정확한 날짜 팬들에게"(종합)|date=May 4, 2020|accessdate=May 4, 2020|language=ko|website=Star News|last=Moon|first=Wan-sik}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.donga.com/article/all/20200518/101093085/1|title=블랙핑크 측 “첫 정규앨범 작업 끝…오는 9월 발표 예정” [공식]|website=Sports Dongha|accessdate=May 18, 2020}}</ref> ka dib markii la siidaayay albumkii buuxa ee ugu horreeyay ee kooxda, [[Rosé]], [[Lisa]], iyo [[Jisoo]] waxay sii deyn lahaayeen barnaamijyadooda keli ah markii ay diyaar yihiin, iyadoo albumka Rosé uu marka hore sii deyn doono.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mydaily.co.kr/new_yk/html/read.php?newsid=202006010910858499&ext=na|title=[공식입장] YG "블랙핑크, 로제·리사·지수 솔로곡 낸다…9월 정규앨범 이후 순차 발표"|publisher=Mydaily|date=June 1, 2020|accessdate=June 14, 2020}}</ref> Juun 10, boodhadh shaashad ku dhawaaqaya heesta, oo markii dambe shaaca laga qaaday oo cinwaan looga dhigay "How You Like That", ayaa lagu sii daayay dhammaan baraha bulshada ee warbaahinta, oo ay taariikhdu xustay 26-ka Juun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.hankooki.com/lpage/entv/202006/sp20200610112119136690.htm?s_ref=nv|title=[공식입장] YG "블랙핑크, 로제·리사·지수 솔로곡 낸다…9월 정규앨범 이후 순차 발표"|publisher=Sports Hankooki|date=June 10, 2020|accessdate=June 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spotvnews.co.kr/?mod=news&act=articleView&idxno=362515|title='컴백 D-10' 블랙핑크, '하우 유 라이크 댓' 타이틀 포스터 공개|publisher=SpotvNews|date=June 16, 2020|accessdate=June 17, 2020}}</ref> "[[How You Like That]]" oo la sii daayay 26 Juun 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.hankooki.com/lpage/entv/202006/sp20200610112119136690.htm?s_ref=nv|title=[공식입장] YG "블랙핑크, 로제·리사·지수 솔로곡 낸다…9월 정규앨범 이후 순차 발표"|publisher=Sports Hankooki|date=June 10, 2020|accessdate=June 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spotvnews.co.kr/?mod=news&act=articleView&idxno=362515|title='컴백 D-10' 블랙핑크, '하우 유 라이크 댓' 타이틀 포스터 공개|publisher=SpotvNews|date=June 16, 2020|accessdate=June 17, 2020}}</ref>, YG Entertainment waxay shaacisay in hees cusub, "[[Ice Cream]]", oo ay la socoto fanaanada reer Mareykan [[Selena Gomez]], la sii deyn doono 28-ka Ogosto.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ent|first=Y. G.|title=BLACKPINK to Release Second New Single on August… Shocking Collaboration Coming Up|url=https://yg-life.com/archives/157367?lang=en|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=YG LIFE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hong|first=Seung-han|title=블랙핑크, 두번째 신고 8월 28일 발표[공식]|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=468&aid=0000684961|website=Sports Seoul|date=August 4, 2020|accessdate=August 4, 2020|language=ko}}</ref>, Bishii Luulyo 28, kooxdu waxay ku dhawaaqday albumkoodii ugu horreeyay, ''[[The Album]]'', waxaa la sii deyn doonaa Oktoobar 2, 2020.<ref name="pitchfork">{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/blackpink-announce-new-album/|title=BLACKPINK announce new album|work=Pitchfork|date=July 28, 2020|accessdate=July 28, 2020|author=Minsker, Evan}}</ref> Bishii Sebtember 8, [[Netflix]] iyo Blackpink ayaa ku dhawaaqay ''BLACKPINK: Light Up The Sky'', filimku wuxuu soo bandhigi doonaa Oktoobar 14 oo ah dukumiinti dhan-marin u ah, oo daboolaya afarta sano tan iyo markii Blackpink ee ugu horreysay 2016 oo leh fiidiyoow fiidiyoow ah laga soo bilaabo tababbarkooda maalmeed si loo eego noloshooda gurigooda. , sheekooyinka daaha gadaashiisa iyo wareysiyo daacad ah oo xubnaha lala yeesho.<ref name="netflix">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbenjamin/2020/09/08/blackpink-netflix-documentary-light-up-the-sky-kpop/#6ae991fb60b5|title=BLACKPINK’s Netflix Documentary Marks Streaming Service Diving Into K-Pop Originals|work=Forbes|date=September 8, 2020|accessdate=September 9, 2020|last=Benjamin|first=Jeff}}</ref> == Saamayn == Bishii Janaayo 2019, fiidiyowga muusikada ee "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" wuxuu noqday fiidiyowga muusikada ee aadka loo daawado ee koox Koonfur Kuuriya <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8494591/blackpink-ddu-du-ddu-du-most-viewed-music-video-kpop-youtube|title=Blackpink's 'Ddu-Du Ddu-Du' Becomes Most-Viewed Music Video From a K-Pop Group on YouTube|date=January 23, 2019|work=Billboard|accessdate=November 13, 2019|first=Tamar|last=Herman}}</ref> Bishii Nofeembar 2019, fiidiyowgu wuxuu dhaafay hal bilyan oo aragti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrolli/2019/11/11/blackpinks-ddu-du-ddu-du-becomes-first-k-pop-group-video-to-earn-1-billion-youtube-views/|title=Blackpink’s ‘Ddu-Du Ddu-Du’ Becomes First K-Pop Group Video To Earn 1 Billion YouTube Views|work=Forbes|date=November 11, 2019|first=Bryan|last=Rolli|accessdate=November 13, 2019}}</ref> Bishii Sebtembar 2019, Blackpink wuxuu noqday kooxda muusikada oo leh tirada ugu badan ee macaamiisha ku leh [[Youtube|YouTube]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/blackpink-are-music-group-with-highest-number-of-youtube-subscribers|title=Blackpink are music group with highest number of YouTube subscribers|date=September 10, 2019|website=The Straits Times|access-date=November 4, 2019|archive-date=Bisha Tobnaad 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027182230/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/blackpink-are-music-group-with-highest-number-of-youtube-subscribers|url-status=dead}}</ref> Blackpink waxay ka dhigtay ''[[Majladda Time|Time Magazine]]'' "Time 100 Next", oo ah liistada 100 fannaane ee soo kordhay, oo ay soo saartay sanadkan Magazine.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://koogle.tv/media/news/blackpink-makes-time-magazines-newly-launched-100-next-list/|title=BLACKPINK makes Time magazine's newly launched '100 Next' list|last=|first=|date=November 14, 2019|work=KoogleTV|access-date=November 14, 2019|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=November 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115014350/http://koogle.tv/media/news/blackpink-makes-time-magazines-newly-launched-100-next-list/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/collection/time-100-next-2019/5718842/blackpink/|title=TIME 100 Next 2019: Blackpink|website=Time|language=en-us|access-date=November 15, 2019|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041521/https://time.com/collection/time-100-next-2019/5718842/blackpink/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bishii Nofeembar 22, 2019, Blackpink wuxuu gaadhay 9,604,061 '[[Spotify]]', dhaaftay [[Fifth Harmony]] iyo [[Little mix|Little Mix]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://koogle.tv/media/news/blackpink-is-most-followed-girl-group-on-spotify-surpassing-fifth-harmony-and-little-mix/|title=BlackPink is Most Followed Girl Group on Spotify, Surpassing Fifth Harmony and Little Mix|last=|first=|date=November 22, 2019|work=KoogleTV|access-date=November 25, 2019|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=June 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628212149/http://koogle.tv/media/news/Blackpink-is-most-followed-girl-group-on-spotify-surpassing-fifth-harmony-and-little-mix/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.osen.co.kr/article/G1111264902|title=블랙핑크, 스포티파이서 전세계 걸그룹 팔로워수 1위..피프스 하모니 넘었다[Oh!쎈 레터]|last=|first=|date=November 21, 2019|work=OSEN|access-date=November 25, 2019}}</ref> == Falanqeeyaha == Bishii Abriil 2019, Blackpink iyo 40ka doolar ee aad dooratay kan ugu weyn ee loo yaqaan Bridge Bridge ee Masiibooyinka National ee loogu talagalay in lagu xasilo dhibanayaashii dabkii ka dhacay Sokcho ee Koonfur Kuuriya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.kukinews.com/m/m_article.html?no=650112|script-title=ko:[단독] 위너 김진우, 강원도 산불 피해에 1000만원 기부|work=Kuki News|date=April 8, 2019|access-date=April 8, 2019|language=ko|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408072133/http://m.kukinews.com/m/m_article.html?no=650112|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Taageerida == Kooxda ayaa taageertay kuna duubtay dhowr nooc oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Puma]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ygex.jp/news_detail.php?id=1060569&artist_cd=BLAPI|website=[[YGEX]]|accessdate=July 7, 2018|title=4/19（木）～グローバル スポーツブランド「PUMA」の新商品「PUMA SUEDE BOW」（プーマ スウェード ボウ）のイメージモデルに決定！|date=April 17, 2018|language=ja|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Sideedaad 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814025817/https://ygex.jp/news_detail.php?id=1060569&artist_cd=BLAPI|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Reebok]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201611071535539995969_2|website=Kpop Herald|accessdate=March 14, 2017|title=Black Pink show off their sneaker game|publisher=Korea Herald}}</ref> [[Louis Vuitton]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yg-life.com/archives/100248?lang=en|website=YG Life|accessdate=July 7, 2018|title="TAEYANG· WINNER· BLACKPINK·CL"… Artists From YG Gathers For The 'First Time' [PICTORIAL]|date=March 19, 2018}}</ref> [[Adidas]], [[Dior|Dior Cosmetics]],<ref name="BPDIOR">{{cite web|url=http://ellegirl.jp/article/b_dior_blackpink_17_0821/1/|title=Black pink first appearance! Get a lip that rocks the heart with the new lip "Rouge Dior Liquid"|publisher=[[Elle Girl|Elle Girl Japan]]|date=August 9, 2017|accessdate=July 11, 2018|language=ja|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601183059/https://www.ellegirl.jp/egpr/pr-stories/a53284/b-dior-blackpink-17-0821/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Moonshot,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/08/09/2016080901407.html|website=Chosun.com|accessdate=March 14, 2017|script-title=ko:블랙핑크, 데뷔하자마자 핫 '광고계 관심'|language=ko|publisher=The Chosun Ilbo}}</ref> St. Scott London,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fashionseoul.com/?p=122282|website=Fashion Seoul|accessdate=March 14, 2017|title=세인트스코트, 새 얼굴에 YG신예 '블랙핑크'|language=ko|date=September 7, 2016}}</ref> [[109 (dukaan)|Shibuya 109]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://109news.jp/shibuya/20171222/109187/?detail|title=2018 New Year's 109 BLACKPINK and iKON|website=109 News|publisher=[[109 (department store)|Shibuya 109]]|date=December 22, 2017|accessdate=July 11, 2018|language=ja|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=August 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813134326/https://109news.jp/trend/20171222/109187/news_ownershibuya109?detail|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Tokyo Girls Collection]] x CECIL McBEE,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://109news.jp/fashion/20180331/114420/?detail|website=109 News|publisher=[[109 (department store)|Shibuya 109]]|accessdate=July 11, 2018|title=Serious announcement from the Korean Girls Group BLACKPINK and CECIL McBEE that the world draws attention!|language=ja|date=March 31, 2018|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101004959/https://109news.jp/?detail|dead-url=yes}}</ref> iyo [[Sprite]] Korea.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreadispatch.com/2018/05/11/seoul-sarah-woo-do-hwan-and-black-pinks-sprite-cf-is-now-out/|website=Korea Dispatch|date=May 11, 2018|accessdate=July 7, 2018|title=Woo Do Hwan and Black Pink's 'SPRITE CF' is now out!|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707231413/https://www.koreadispatch.com/2018/05/11/seoul-sarah-woo-do-hwan-and-black-pinks-sprite-cf-is-now-out/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Discography == {{main|Blackpink discography}} * ''[[Blackpink in Your Area]]'' (2018) * ''[[The Album]]'' (2020) == Filmografi == * ''[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpink_House Blackpink House]'' (2018, [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlive Vlive] / [[YouTube]] / [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/JTBC JTBC]2)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=311&aid=0000807979|script-title=ko:[공식] 블랙핑크 첫 리얼리티 '블핑하우스', 1월6일 첫방…12회 방송|access-date=January 5, 2018|language=ko}}</ref> * ''[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/YG_Future_Strategy_Office YG Future Strategy Office]'' (2018, [[Netflix]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.osen.co.kr/article/G1111003175|title='YG전자' 승리가 이끈 YG 셀프디스, B급유머 폭발..박봄·남태현 등장(종합)[Oh!쎈 리뷰]|website=OSEN|language=ko|access-date=October 5, 2018|date=October 5, 2018}}</ref> * ''Blackpink X Star Road'' (2018, Vlive) * ''Blackpink Diaries'' (2019, Vlive / YouTube) * ''24/365 with Blackpink'' (2020, YouTube)<ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=202006131006105562067_1|title=블랙핑크, 새 단독 리얼리티 론칭…팬들과 적극 소통한다|website=Herald Pop|language=ko|access-date=June 13, 2020|date=June 13, 2020}}</ref> * [[Blackpink: Light Up the Sky|''Blackpink: Light Up the Sky'']] (2020, Netflix)<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbenjamin/2020/09/08/blackpink-netflix-documentary-light-up-the-sky-kpop/#6ae991fb60b5 "Blackpink's Netflix Documentary Marks Streaming Service Diving into K-Pop Originals"]. ''Forbes''.</ref> * [[Blackpink: The Movie|''Blackpink: The Movie'']] (2021)<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2021/06/732_310597.html?gonw "'BLACKPINK THE MOVIE' to hit local theaters in August"].</ref> == xubnaha == * [[Jisoo]] * [[Jennie]] * [[Rosé]] * [[Lisa]]<br /> == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}}{{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibedda == * [http://blackpinkofficial.com/ Blackpink bogga rasmiga ah] {{Commons category|Blackpink}} [[Category:Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Kooxaha gabdhaha Koonfur Kuuriya]] iwcbfj1siq6v2bc3poeg8lxyegtbben 0 31113 303608 204504 2026-07-31T03:31:42Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Cumar Ghalib]] 303608 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cumar Ghalib]] ehti1313ws69m7y0dnl5dh9dkkhtnw4 0 31381 303637 285811 2026-07-31T10:15:24Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Ogaden]] 303637 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ogaden]] nc5psiy8c4vu4l2zplk5sn16v2cneok 0 31673 303581 303037 2026-07-30T22:09:09Z ~2026-40341-54 46562 303581 wikitext text/x-wiki Beel weynta Cumar Jibriil ee Habar jeclo darbiga isaaq waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Somaliland oo taarikh soo jireen leh waa beel gob ah xaga marka laga eeggo sidoo kale waa beel lagu tilmaamo in ay geesiyayaal yihiin waa beel xagga sugaantii hore marka lagu tilmaamo ragga Abwaanadooda Gabya aan laga Daba gabyi Jirin oo gabayadoodu waxay ahaayeen gabayo meel halis ah taabta o dee xigmadaysan oo xigmada aan laga daba hadlina leeyahay, sidoo kale waa reer Ay ku dheer tahay Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland oo Aqoon haday iyo naf iyo maal ba u huray waa reer Jecel Duriyadda waxa ladhaho, oo aad u dhiiri geliya ilaalinta Dalka Jamhuuriyada Somaliland sidoo kale waa reer Xagga Siyaasada aad ugu wanagsan oo aan Qabyaaladda aqoon unna dhinta magac duriyada haday gabay tahay iyo haday Dee Dhaqaalo tahay iyo haday Aqoon tahay, annigoo aan soo koobi karin Taarikhdooda. waxay caan ku ahaayeen Colkii Soocane, Kasheegnaa Gobolada Barri, laguna tilmaamo Geesiyaal oo Rag badan oo Gabyi jiray, Waxay lahaan jireen oo ka dhashay Abaan duulihii Wadan jiray Colkii socane..Waxaa ka dhashay Maxamed Yusuf . Lahaa taariikhda Khayr weyd. Abaan Duule Samatar Cali oo wadan jiray Colkii soocane oo ahaa Col ka sheegana gobolada bari oo dhan oo aad looga baqi jiray kana koobnaan jiray beelaha Cumar Jibriil' iyo rag kale oo caan ahaa ,Caaqil Cawed geedi., caaqil Cismaan candhoole, Ruugdheere , Xirsi Quusane, Nuur Goodaad, iyo ragkale oo aan la soo koobi karin Sayidku waakii lahaa marku kayaabay ninkaa ba’naantiisa dhanka dagaalka isago dhinacna ka calaalcalaya dhinacna ka sheegaya inuu ahaa dagaalyahayn aan nixin ( sayid maxamed cabdile xasan ayaa laga hayey ( Dadba cumarku wuu ugu xun Yahay dunjiga somaal’e , Waa waxaan diirka Somaliyeed dir ugu laabnayn’e, dadba samater cali baan u necebahay iyo dulufka idoor. waa beel lagu sheego inay yihiin geesiyiin Adeerkood Cumar Jibriil oo aan cabsida aqoon waa odhaah caanbaxday marka laga hadlayo Muuse sh. Isaaq Habar Jeclo. sidoo kale Abwaankii Salaan carabay waakii lahaa (Gawraarka Cumarkaa Xukuma Galaxyadii buurta, gol iyo garadag reeraha looga kala guuray, mar haddaan gundhawrka u tuntumo guuldarra dhicin’e, Abwaan caadleef baa Isna yidhi (Hadaymurugto Cumar baa metela maalin Dirireeed ) abwaan Walad baas wakii lahaa (adyad ulama tago Cumar jibriil Awrkiraaluhuye), Abwaan Gamuute na waa kii lahaa Balan baalna Cumar aan buurnay baa sii fadhiya. waa Reer kii Gabayga Geenyada ku siiyey Sayid ku markaa beer la isugu yimmi ee Dhamaan Abwaanadii Soomaalida isugu timmi ay Halkaas uu gabay dheer ka tiriyay Abwaan Xasan Dabaare, uu Sayid maxamed Cabdile Xasan Gabaygii Inna Dabaare ku siiyay Geenyo markii uu gabaygiisii Kaalinta Koobaad galay Sayidku yidhi ( Gabay waa Shanta Xasan ina Dabaare iyo maalin ba nin ba intuu ku daro ) Gabayga Geenyada lagu siiyay qaar ka mid ah ayaan idin la wadaagayaa, Xasan Dabaare Waa ninkii sayidku gabayga geenyada ku siiyey Sayidoow baladkeena ninkasta ha ku beermee bilidkiisu ku raac Sadex raari buulka iyo betelaha nu nahay, sadexna iyo buurta sinteeda iyo ban cawl baynu nahay laguu waa balasta oo bastayoyey noqotay , sayidoow beledkeena nin kastaa ha ku beermee bilidkiisu ku raac, sidaas baa geenyadda xamaro lagu siiyey Xasan Dabaare. Waxaa ka dhashay sida Nin kii Afduubay 1984 diyaaradii Somali-Airlines ee Ethiopia ka dajiyey Baashe diig, Taajirkii weeyna ee loo dilay Somaliland darteed Shahiid (Qaasin Qodax) waxaa kalo ka dhashay xagga Sportska Orodyahankii hore ee Somaaliyeed Coach [Jaamac Aadan Karaaciin|Jaamac Karaaciin]], waxa ka dhashay Abwaanka, fanaanka, Majaaajilaystaha, Jilaaga weeyn ee Faarax murtiile, Sidoo kale waxaa kaloo ka dhashay ninkii u horeeyay ee Soomaali ah ee ( Muhandiska ) ah oo Ahaa Kornayl, Eng: Maxamed Axmed Guutaale ( Injinneer Guutaale ) Injineerka ka ahaa oo Madaxii Warshadii Kabista Hargeysa haystay wuxuu ahaa Engineer keliya ee dhinaca Hubka iyo Gaadiidka soo bartay oo soomaaliya haysatey ee soo saarray Hubkii Gantaalaha BM. yada ku kala bedelay Gaadiida kala duwan oo Dawlado kala gaar ahi lahayeen sida Talyaani Iyo Romaaniya iyo Gantaallaha Oo (Russian) Ahaa sidoo kale ahanna Injiineer ka kaliya ee Aqoontaas soo bartay xilligii Dawladii Soomaaliya. Wuxuu ahaa xidig ama Cadceed sida saaxiibadiii oo wadamo kala duwan jooga Xogta nagu siiyeen. Engineer Guutaale. Isla haddana Kornayl Guutaale, wuxuu ahaa Aas aasayaashii SNM, Somali National Movement, haddana Talaabay markii uu isagga iyo Saraakiil dhowr ahi la baxeen Inna Askar, 1983, Guutaale wuxuu leeyahay sheekooyin cajiib ah oo ah waxa ladhaho (FANTASTIC) Ee aadka loo falanqeeyo. Markii dambe na uu SNM, u talabaay ee Halganki debeda ugu baxay SNM, ugu soo saaray Hubkii qaab ka duwan qaabkii uu ugu soo saaray Dawladii soomaaliya oo qaab ka duwan oo Casri ah Waanna Qaabka Ladhaho (Rocket) ka Waqtigaas buu haddanna Gaadhi caadi ah oo dheeraynaaya intuu kurta ka jaray oo si cajiib ah oo warshadaysan Haddana dib u ordaaya haddana dheeraynaaya isagoo qorigu dhacaaya wuxu ahaa ninka Sancadaas, oo muddo badan ay fahmi waayeen Dawladii Soomaaliya hubkani wuxuu yahay laakin ay ku war heleen inuu Eng: Guutaale, soo saarray Hubkaas ay muddo dheer ay fahmi wayeen, Dawladii Soomaaliya markii labaad keenay gaadhi qori saara Baabuur dheerayna u bedeala tiknikona u badala Shahiid Mujahid (Engineer, Maxamed Axmed Guutaale [Eng,Guutaale Tekniko] Caalamkuna qaatay nashqadaas Guutaale oo ahaana Halbowlaha SNM,oo SNM guulo badan ka soo hooyey dagaalo badan galay SNM, ah, Somali National Movement. Sidoo kale Reerk Cumar Jibriil ee Habar jeclo Waa reerkii Aas Aasay Saldhigii u horeeyey ee Gobolada Bariga laga sameeyo Oo SNM yeelato saldhigaas oo ahaa Balaadhis' Taliskii Guud barriga laga sameeyo Mujaahidiinta Aas aastay Saldhigaas, Mujaahid Maxamuud Cali Tima Dhaqe,Yacquub , Mujaahid Jaamac Guute wate.Mujaajid Siciid tima weyne. iyo rag kale. Mujaahidiinta Kale mujaahid Sahal Lebi Hoon'. Mujaahid Faarax Dhaansay, ninkii geliyay Ciidamadii u horeeyay Mujaahid Yacquub Gobolka Sanaag siiba u diray Ceerigaabo dagaalkii u horeeyay ka bilaabay ciidankaas na uu watay Mujaahid Faarax Dhaansay ayaa watay. Xagga Golihii Dhexe Somali National Movement. Eng: Maxamed Axmed Guutaale, Bilowgii SNM, la Aas aasay ilaa 1984, ayuu ahaa Golaha Dhexe SNM. Wasiir Cismaan Qaasin Qodax ayaa isna ahaa intii dambe SNM, ilaa intii Dalka la qabtay Halka Mujaahid Guutaale, ahaa Sarkaalkii mar walba soo saaraayey Gaadiidka Dagaalak iyo Isku Rakibidooda iyo Hogaamintii Ciidankii SNM, Sidoo kale Wasiir Cismaan Qaasin Qodax isna Wuxuu ka mid ahaa Gudidii loo xilsaaray Magac Bixinta Somaliland ayuu ka mid ahaa Gudid loo doortay magac bixinta Somaliland, markii dambe na Xilal badan ka soo qabtay dawladdii Riyaale wasaaradaha badan ka qabtay muj Cismaan Qaasin Qodax, Wasaaradda Caafimaadka Wasaaradda Hawlaha Guud, Wasaaradda Ganacsiga. SNM,Golaha sare kuwii ka sii hooseeay iyana Saraakiil ciidan ee Hoose waxaa ka mid ahaa Mujaahid Yacquub ( Sandheere ) Mujaahid Jaamac Guute Wate Mujaahid Sahal Lebi hoon iyo rag kale oo badan. waxaa ka dhashay Wasiirkii Mutacalinka ahaa [Eng yuusuf caynab muuse] oo Wasaaraddo badan ka soo qabtay Dawladii Cigaal iyo tii Riyaale, ay ka mid ahayeen Wasaaradda Maaliyadda Wasaaradda Gaashan Dhiga Wasaaradda Hawlaha Guud,kana mid ahaa Mutacalimiintii sida Qaaska ah uu tla tashan jirey Ina Cigaal. waxaa kaloo ka dhashay Wasiir Maxamed Xaaji Aadan oo soo qabtay Dawladii Siilaanyo iyo Dawlada Muuse Biixi, Wasiiro ku ixgeen, Wasiir ku xigeen Kaluumaysiga Wasiir Dawlaha Waxbarashadda Sidoo kale wasiir buuxa Wasaaradda Xidhiidhka iyo Golayaasha Wasaaradda Diinta iyo Awqaafta oo hadda ah. Beesha Cumar Jibriil waxaa ka dhashay Abwaano badan ( Abwaan Xasan Dabaarre ) [Abwaan'Cismaan Daado]] Abwaan Cateeye Jugux. [[abwan cadayaale] [Abwaan Maxamed Bulshaale] iyo rag kaloo badan oo aynaan soo koobi karin waa beelihii Dalkan Somaliland xoraynteeda qaybt Koobaad ee laxaadka leh ka qaatay, degaanada ay degaan waxa weeye Gobolka Saraar oo ay degaan 50% boqolkiba 50% waxay sidoo kale degaan gobolada Saaxil, Togdheer, [Sool], Qabiilada Cumar Jibriil u kala baxo oo kala dega Sool Saraar Saaxil iyo Toggdheer. '''<big>Cumar Jibriil</big>''' # '''Biciide''' Cumar (Siciid Cumar) ## '''Nuux''' Biciide ## '''Yoonis''' Biciide ### '''Idrays''' Yoonis ### '''Dudub''' Yoonis #### '''? Gadiid''' Dudub ##### '''? Faatax''' Gadiid ##### '''? Faarax''' Gadiid ##### '''? Xasan''' Gadiid # '''Isaxaaq''' Cumar ## '''Urursuge''' Isaxaaq ### '''Cali''' Urursuge #### '''Abokor''' Cali #### '''Guuleed''' Cali #### '''Xasan''' Cali #### ? Samakaab ### '''Aadan''' Urursuge #### ? Reer Cali Maxamed Xirsi Aadan #### ? Reer Cali Aadan #### ? Reer Xasan ### Maxamed Urursuge (? Reer Maxamed Dheere) #### ? Axmed Cabdille #### ? Abokor Cabdille #### ? Cali Cabdille ##### ? Galan ##### ? Cigaal ##### ? Gadiid ## '''Ayuun''' Isaxaaq ### '''? Khayr''' Ayuun #### '''? Wacays''' Khayr ##### '''? Faahiye''' Wacays ###### '''? Guuleed''' Faahiye ####### '''? Maxamed''' Guuleed (? Reer Maxamed Guuleed) ###### '''? Saalax''' Faahiye ####### '''? Reer Carraale''' Rooble ###### '''? Faarax''' Faahiye #### '''? Cabdi''' Khayr #### '''? Samatar''' Khayr ## '''Cali''' '''Afweyne''' Isaxaaq ### Maxamed Cali #### Reer Yuusuf Maxamed #### Reer Xasan Maxamed ##### Cabdi Xasan ##### Liibaan Xasan ### Maxamuud Cali #### Faarax Maxamuud #### Cabdi Maxamuud ### ? Reer Samatar Diiriye #### ? Guuleed Samater ##### ? Gorod Guuleed ##### ? Ismaaciil Guuleed ##### ? Iidle Guuleed #### ? Ileeye Samatar ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... '''Cumar Jibriil waxa uu u kala baxaa''' 1 siciid (biciide) cumar 2 isixaaq cumar *'''Biciide cumar''' Waa 2ba Reer 1.nuux biciide 2.yoonis biciide '''Yoonis biciide''' waa 2ba Reer a) idirays yoonis b) dudub yoonis )faatax gadiid )faarax gadiid )xassan gadiid '''Isixaaq Cumar''': Waa sadex Reer 1.Urursugge) 2. ayuun 3.Cali Afweyne '''1.Urursugge''' A. 1.cali urursuge 2. Adan urursuge .Reer Cali maxamed xirsi Adan .Reer cali Adan .Reer Xasan B)Maxamed Urusugge 1)Reer maxamed dheere 2)Axmed cabdile 3)Abokor cabdile 4)Cali cabdile :)Galan : . )Cigaal : : )Gadiid C) cali urursuge 1) Abokor cali 2) Guuleed cali 3) Xasan cali .) Samakaab '''2.Ayuun''' A) Wacays Khayr 1)Faahiye wacays .)Guuled faahiye ( Reer maxamed Guuled ) :)Saalax faahiye (Reer caraale Rooble ) :.)Faarax Faahiye B)cabdi khayr C) Samatar Khayr '''3'''.'''Cali afweyne''' '''A) Maxamed cali''' '''B.Maxamud Cali''' .) '''Reer Yuusuf Maxamed''' 1:Reer Samatar Diiriye A:Guuleed Samatar 1:Gorod Guuleed 2:Ismaciil Guuleed 3:Iidle Guuleed B:Ileeye Samatar .)'''Reer Xasan Maxamed''' 1:Cabdi Xasan 2:Liibaan Xasan B)Maxamuud cali 1:Faarax Maxamud 2:Cabdi Maxamud 2,Xirsi Quusane,, waa ninkii yidhi ninbaa diga gura hadana guba misna gala, Maansadini waxay baxday xili saga iyo nuur fadal geel ka qadayeen dhulbahante ,Ragu laaca horayto indhaa way iga lushaan, hadiise aan looxa fadhisto ilaah baa ku lib leh,, waxbaa laygu lagu ladhaa. cpq0roaeop59xptnv0xpfficqe0jaru 0 33625 303598 225838 2026-07-31T02:32:49Z Ayanfo189 46015 303598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hodan Nalayeh''' (Soomaali: Hodan Naaleeye; Af-Carabi: هودان نلايا; 1976 - Luulyo 12, [[2019]]) waxay ahayd Somali-Canadian media executive, lataliye suuqgeyn, u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha bulshada iyo hal-abuure ganacsi. Waxay ahayd madaxweynaha Wakaaladda Is-dhexgalka Dhaqanka iyo guddoomiye ku xigeenka Iibka & Horumarinta Barnaamijyada Soo-saarka Kamaradaha Caalamiga ah. [[File:Hodan_Nalayeh_Somalia_(cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|]] == Nolosha hore == Nalayeh waxay ku dhalatay 1976-kii [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]] <ref name="Ntsutiscm">https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2014/Feb/53415/new_television_show_uplifts_the_image_of_somali_canadians_in_mainstream_media.aspx</ref> Waxay ku soo kortay qoys ballaaran, iyadoo ay la socoto afar walaalo ah iyo toddobo gabdhood oo walaalo ah. Waxay ka soo jeedaa qabiilka [[Naleye Ahmed]] ee qabiilka [[Reer-Darawiish|Dhulbahante]] . Walaasheeda Dega Nalayeh waa lataliye sare oo madaxweyne ku xigeenka ah oo la-taliye gaar ah u ah macaamiisha [[U.S. Trust|US Trust]] . <ref name="Snrahwut">https://lasentinel.net/somalia-native-right-at-home-with-u-s-trust.html#sthash.E5J42Zao.dpuf</ref> Nalayeh oo siddeed jir ah, iyada iyo waalidkeed iyo walaalaheed ayaa markii dambe u haajirtay [[Kanada]] sanadkii 1984. Markii hore waxay degeen [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], ka hor inta aysan ugu dambeyntii u guurin [[Toronto]] sanadkii 1992. <ref name="Mthnsaloslit">{{Cite news}}</ref> Nalayeh wuxuu dhigan jiray [[West Humber Collegiate Institute|Machadka Kulliyadda West Humber]], oo ah dugsi sare oo ku yaal [[Etobicoke]] . Waxbarashadeeda dugsiga sare kadib, waxay wax ku baratay [[University of Windsor|Jaamacadda Windsor]], halkaas oo ay ku qaadatay shahaadada koowaad ee cilmiga isgaarsiinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ka heshay shahaadada jaamacadda ee saxaafadda warbaahinta [[Seneca College|Kulliyadda Seneca]] . <ref name="Mthnsaloslit2">{{Cite news}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == a1kgvosou2w88lb5x2gtqk2v0drvwp1 303599 303598 2026-07-31T02:34:19Z Ayanfo189 46015 /* Nolosha hore */ 303599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hodan Nalayeh''' (Soomaali: Hodan Naaleeye; Af-Carabi: هودان نلايا; 1976 - Luulyo 12, [[2019]]) waxay ahayd Somali-Canadian media executive, lataliye suuqgeyn, u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha bulshada iyo hal-abuure ganacsi. Waxay ahayd madaxweynaha Wakaaladda Is-dhexgalka Dhaqanka iyo guddoomiye ku xigeenka Iibka & Horumarinta Barnaamijyada Soo-saarka Kamaradaha Caalamiga ah. [[File:Hodan_Nalayeh_Somalia_(cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|]] == Nolosha hore == Nalayeh waxay ku dhalatay 1976-kii [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]] <ref name="Ntsutiscm">https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2014/Feb/53415/new_television_show_uplifts_the_image_of_somali_canadians_in_mainstream_media.aspx</ref> Waxay ku soo kortay qoys ballaaran, iyadoo ay la socoto afar walaalo ah iyo toddobo gabdhood oo walaalo ah. Waxay ka soo jeedaa qabiilka [[Naleye Ahmed]] ee qabiilka [[Reer-Darawiish|Dhulbahante]] . Walaasheeda Dega Nalayeh waa lataliye sare oo madaxweyne ku xigeenka ah oo la-taliye gaar ah u ah macaamiisha [[U.S. Trust|US Trust]] . <ref name="Snrahwut">https://lasentinel.net/somalia-native-right-at-home-with-u-s-trust.html#sthash.E5J42Zao.dpuf</ref> Nalayeh oo siddeed jir ah, iyada iyo waalidkeed iyo walaalaheed ayaa markii dambe u haajirtay [[Kanada]] sanadkii 1984. Markii hore waxay degeen [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], ka hor inta aysan ugu dambeyntii u guurin [[Toronto]] sanadkii 1992. <ref name="Mthnsaloslit">https://www.toronto.com/news-story/4577505-tv-host-hodan-nalayeh-shines-a-light-on-somali-life-in-toronto/</ref> Nalayeh wuxuu dhigan jiray [[West Humber Collegiate Institute|Machadka Kulliyadda West Humber]], oo ah dugsi sare oo ku yaal [[Etobicoke]] . Waxbarashadeeda dugsiga sare kadib, waxay wax ku baratay [[University of Windsor|Jaamacadda Windsor]], halkaas oo ay ku qaadatay shahaadada koowaad ee cilmiga isgaarsiinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ka heshay shahaadada jaamacadda ee saxaafadda warbaahinta [[Seneca College|Kulliyadda Seneca]] . <ref name="Mthnsaloslit2">http://cameraworksint.com/cameraworks-productions-introduces-vp-sales-programming-development/</ref> == Tixraacyada == huk5vobscymbz84e6d8bzchrg5q7z9b 303630 303599 2026-07-31T08:33:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hodan Nalayeh''' (Soomaali: Hodan Naaleeye; Af-Carabi: هودان نلايا; 1976 - Luulyo 12, [[2019]]) waxay ahayd Somali-Canadian media executive, lataliye suuqgeyn, u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha bulshada iyo hal-abuure ganacsi. Waxay ahayd madaxweynaha Wakaaladda Is-dhexgalka Dhaqanka iyo guddoomiye ku xigeenka Iibka & Horumarinta Barnaamijyada Soo-saarka Kamaradaha Caalamiga ah. [[File:Hodan_Nalayeh_Somalia_(cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|]] == Nolosha hore == Nalayeh waxay ku dhalatay 1976-kii [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]] <ref name="Ntsutiscm">https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2014/Feb/53415/new_television_show_uplifts_the_image_of_somali_canadians_in_mainstream_media.aspx</ref> Waxay ku soo kortay qoys ballaaran, iyadoo ay la socoto afar walaalo ah iyo toddobo gabdhood oo walaalo ah. Waxay ka soo jeedaa qabiilka [[Naleye Ahmed]] ee qabiilka [[Reer-Darawiish|Dhulbahante]] . Walaasheeda Dega Nalayeh waa lataliye sare oo madaxweyne ku xigeenka ah oo la-taliye gaar ah u ah macaamiisha [[U.S. Trust|US Trust]] . <ref name="Snrahwut">https://lasentinel.net/somalia-native-right-at-home-with-u-s-trust.html#sthash.E5J42Zao.dpuf</ref> Nalayeh oo siddeed jir ah, iyada iyo waalidkeed iyo walaalaheed ayaa markii dambe u haajirtay [[Kanada]] sanadkii 1984. Markii hore waxay degeen [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], ka hor inta aysan ugu dambeyntii u guurin [[Toronto]] sanadkii 1992. <ref name="Mthnsaloslit">https://www.toronto.com/news-story/4577505-tv-host-hodan-nalayeh-shines-a-light-on-somali-life-in-toronto/</ref> Nalayeh wuxuu dhigan jiray [[West Humber Collegiate Institute|Machadka Kulliyadda West Humber]], oo ah dugsi sare oo ku yaal [[Etobicoke]] . Waxbarashadeeda dugsiga sare kadib, waxay wax ku baratay [[University of Windsor|Jaamacadda Windsor]], halkaas oo ay ku qaadatay shahaadada koowaad ee cilmiga isgaarsiinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ka heshay shahaadada jaamacadda ee saxaafadda warbaahinta [[Seneca College|Kulliyadda Seneca]] . <ref name="Mthnsaloslit2">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://cameraworksint.com/cameraworks-productions-introduces-vp-sales-programming-development/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |archive-date=2014-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112061952/http://cameraworksint.com/cameraworks-productions-introduces-vp-sales-programming-development/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraacyada == j63hughah12mkpxbcnpq4ijtuhwuvlj 0 35067 303613 303081 2026-07-31T03:36:03Z ~2026-39149-13 46738 303613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shineemada Sacuudi Carabiya''' waa warshad yar oo cadaalad ah oo soo saarta filim sannad kasta. Marka laga reebo hal tiyaatar [[IMAX]] oo ku yaal [[Khobar]], ma jirin wax shineemo ah oo ku yaal Sacuudi Carabiya 1983 ilaa 2018,<ref name="mansour">{{cite web|last1=Lapin|first1=Andrew|title=Wadjda director Haifaa Al Mansour|url=http://thedissolve.com/features/interview/168-wadjda-director-haifaa-al-mansour/|website=Dissolve|access-date=25 November 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=3 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103131510/http://thedissolve.com/features/interview/168-wadjda-director-haifaa-al-mansour/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> inkastoo mararka qaar la hadal hayay furitaanka tiyaatarada filimada, 2008-dii waxaa la kireeyay qolalka shirarka si loogu muujiyo filimka majaajilada ah ee ''Mennahi''.<ref>{{cite web|title=SAUDI ARABIA: Going to the movies for the first time in decades|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2008/12/saudi-arabia--1.html|website=latimesblogs.com|access-date=14 October 2014|date=23 December 2008}}</ref> Sucuudiga oo raba inuu daawado filimada ayaa sidaas ku sameeyay dayax-gacmeedka, [[DVD]], ama muuqaal.  Shineemooyinka ayaa la mamnuucay muddo 35 sano ah<ref>{{cite web|last1=Petroff|first1=Alanna|title='Black Panther' comes to Saudi Arabia as movie theater ban ends|url=http://money.cnn.com/2018/04/18/media/saudi-arabia-movies-black-panther-amc/index.html|website=CNN.com|date=18 April 2018|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-date=18 Bisha Afraad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418202432/http://money.cnn.com/2018/04/18/media/saudi-arabia-movies-black-panther-amc/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ilaa shaleemadii ugu horeysay ee Sacuudi Carabiya laga furay 18 Abriil 2018 ee [[Riyadh]].  [[AMC Theatres]] ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay furto ilaa 40 shineemo ilaa 15 magaalo oo Sucuudiga ah shanta sano ee soo socota.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43652893 Sh but Khalid is the kingaudi cinema screens reopen on 18 April 'with Black Panther']</ref> Dawladdu waxay rajaynaysaa in marka la gaadho 2030, Sucuudigu hore u lahaan doono in ka badan 300 oo tiyaatar oo leh in ka badan 2,000 oo shaashado filim ah.<ref name=":0" /> wuxuu ahaa filimkii ugu horreeyay ee Sacuudi Carabiya; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lagu soo sawir dalka Imaaraadka Carabta, waxaana jilaasay atariisho u dhalatay dalka Urdun. Filimkii ''[[Wadjda]]'' ee 2012 wuxuu lahaa jilayaal Sucuudi ah<ref name="Davies">{{cite web|last1=Davies|first1=Catriona|title=The film director who's not allowed to go to the movies|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/25/world/meast/saudi-film-wadjda-mansour/index.html|website=CNN World. Inside the Middle East|access-date=14 October 2014|ref=25 May 2012}}</ref> wuxuuna ahaa filimkii ugu horeeyay ee gabi ahaan laga soo duubo Sacuudiga.<ref name="rt">{{cite web|title=rotten tomatoes. Wadjda|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/wadjda_2013/|website=rottentomatoes.com|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref> Filimka waxaana la daah-furay [[Filimka Caalamiga ee Berlin Dabaaldag|Bandhigga Filimada Caalamiga ee Berlin]] 66-aad, isagoo noqday filimkii ugu horreeyay ee ka qayb-qaata xafladda. [[Sameera Aziz]] waa filim sameeyihii ugu horreeyay ee Sacuudiga u dhashay ee ka shaqeeya shaleemada Hindiya ee caanka ah ee [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/511994/bollywoods-first-saudi-filmmaker-works.html|title=Bollywood's first Saudi filmmaker works on maiden venture|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref> Shineemada Sacuudiga, mid gudaha laga soo saaro ama ha noqoto mid shisheeye, waxay saaran tahay [[Faafreebka Sacuudiga|faafreeb Sacuudiga]]. == Tix == o6xdy6idvrei5o3jxlw0qoc135dbwlt 0 35553 303636 285810 2026-07-31T10:15:14Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Ogaden]] 303636 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ogaden]] nc5psiy8c4vu4l2zplk5sn16v2cneok 1 35554 303638 285817 2026-07-31T10:15:34Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Talk:Ogaden]] 303638 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Talk:Ogaden]] f3nuglima5cyl3wkjr9viyfq5b12sul 0 42101 303600 280651 2026-07-31T02:38:45Z Ayanfo189 46015 /* Nolosha gaarka ah */ 303600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilwad Elman''' ([[Af Soomaali]] |Soomaali : Ilwaad Elman ) waa [[Soomaali]] - Canadaad u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha bulshada. Waxay ka shaqeysaa Xarunta Nabadda iyo Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Elman ee [[Muqdisho]] iyada iyo hooyadeed Fartuun Aadan , oo ah aasaasaha NGO-ga. Waxaa loo doortay Shakhsiga Dhallinyarada Afrikaanka ah (Dumarka) ee Sanadka inta lagu guda jiro Abaalmarinta Dhallinyarada Afrika ee 2016 . {{Infobox person | name = Ilwad Elman | image = Ilwadelman2.jpg | imagesize = 160px | caption = Elman in 2015 | native_name = {{nobold|Ilwaad Elman}} | native_name_lang = so | birth_date = {{Birth based on age as of date|23|2012}} | birth_place = [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Dhaqdhaqaaqa Bulshada | title = | parents = [[Elman Cali Axmed]] iyo [[Fartuun Aadan]] }} ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Ilwaad waxa ay ku dhalatay magaalada Muqdisho ee dalka Soomaaliya intii u dhaxaysay 1989 ilaa 1990 .  Mid ka mid ah afar gabdhood, waa ilmo ay dhaleen ganacsade iyo nabad-doone Marxuum Elman Cali Axmed iyo Fartuun Aadan oo u dhaqdhaqaaqda arrimaha bulshada .  Aabaheed waxa uu ahaa nabadoon aad u adag sanadihii sagaashamaadkii, kaas oo hal-abuuray hal-ku-dheggii caanka ahaa ee Soomaaliya ka jiray ee ahaa “Qoriga tuura, Qalinka Qaado”; waxaa la dilay sanadkii 1996-dii, waxaana loo dilay shaqadiisii ​​xuquuqul insaanka, waxaana ilaa maanta loo yaqaanaa Aabihii Nabadda ee Soomaaliyeed. Ilwaad ayaa ka soo laabtay dalka Canada sanadkii 2010-kii, iyadoo ay weli colaada ka taagan tahay magaalada Muqdisho iyo gobolada Koonfurta iyo Bartamaha ee Soomaaliya, waxaana gacanta ku haya kooxda Al-Shabaab ee xiriirka la leh Al-Qaacida. Waxay ku sii sugnaatay Soomaaliya tan iyo markaas, iyada oo ay weheliso hooyadeed Fartuun Aadan oo la aasaasay xaruntii ugu horreysay ee dhibaatooyinka kufsiga ee ka badbaaday xadgudubyada galmada iyo jinsiga, naqshadaynta waxqabadyada loogu talagalay dib-u-habaynta waaxda amniga si loo abuuro meel loo wada dhan yahay haweenka dhismaha nabadda, iyo horumarinta barnaamijyada hub ka dhigista iyo dhaqancelinta carruurta askarta ah iyo dadka waaweyn ee ka soo goosta kooxaha hubaysan si ay u helaan dhaqan-dhaqaale iyo dib-u-dhalasho. Nofeembar 20, 2019, maamulka maxalliga ah ayaa xaqiijiyay walaasheed Almaas Elman , oo sidoo kale Soomaaliya ugu soo noqotay samafale, lagu toogtay gaari ay saarneyd, meel u dhow garoonka diyaaradaha ee Muqdisho. Sharafta Axmed, xaaskiisa Fartuun Aadan iyo carruurtooda ayaa Muqdisho ka hirgeliyay Xarunta Nabadda ee Elman . Aadan waxa ay u shaqeysaa sida Agaasimaha Fulinta ee NGO-ga , halka gabadhooda Ilwaad ay ka garab shaqeyso. Ilwaad waxa ay u adeegtaa iyada oo ah Agaasimaha Barnaamijyada iyo Horumarinta. Waxay mas'uul ka tahay naqshadeynta iyo kormeerka barnaamijyada Xarunta Nabadda & Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Elman iyadoo si ballaaran diiradda loo saarayo * Xuquuqda Aadanaha * Cadaalada Jinsiga * Ilaalinta Rayidka * Nabadda & Amniga * Ganacsiga Bulshada Waxa ay sidoo kale gacan ka geysataa maamulida Walaasha Soomaaliya, oo hoos timaada Xarunta Nabadda iyo Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Elman. Barnaamijkii ugu horreeyay ee waddanku u fidiyay dhibanayaasha xadgudubka ku salaysan jinsiga, wuxuu bixiyaa la-talin, caafimaad iyo taageero guri oo loogu talagalay haweenka u baahan. Shaqada Elman ayaa gacan ka geysatay wacyigelinta gudaha ee arrintan, waxayna dhiirigelisay isbeddelka siyaasadda dowladda. Waxa kale oo ay qabatay aqoon-is-weydaarsiyo waxbarasho oo ay u qabatay xubnaha bulshada nugul, waxaanay u qaabaysay oo hirgelisay mashaariic kor u qaadaysa fursadaha kale ee hab-nololeed ee dhalinyarada iyo waayeelka labadaba.  Bartamihii 2012, Muqdisho waxaa lagu qabtay shirweynihii ugu horreeyay abid ee Teknoolojiyada, Madadaalada, Naqshadeynta (TEDx). Munaasabadan oo uu soo qaban qaabiyay Bankiga Koowaad ee Soomaaliya ayaa waxaa lagu soo bandhigay horumarada dhanka ganacsiga, horumarka iyo amniga ee la doonayo in maalgashi loogu sameeyo Soomaaliya iyo caalamka. Ilwaad ayaa lagu soo bandhigay iyadoo marti ah, halkaasoo ay ku sharraxday doorka Walaasha Soomaaliya ee dib u dhiska dalka ka dib colaadaha.  Ka soo horjeeda 76 dhaqdhaqaaqe oo ka kala socda 36 dowladood oo kala duwan oo Afrika ah, Elman ayaa 2011 wakiil ka ah Soomaaliya intii lagu jiray ololihii "Fuul, Ka hadal" ee Buurta Kilimanjaro . Munaasabadan oo ay soo qaban qaabisay hay’adda UNite Africa oo hoos tagta UNwomen, ayaa gebagebadii waxaa ka soo qeyb galayaasha ay isku xilqaameen sidii loo joojin lahaa tacadiyada ka dhanka ah haweenka iyo gabdhaha. 2013, Elman ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay Documentary-ga Dabka , oo ay weheliyaan Xaawo Cabdi iyo Edna Aadan Ismaaciil . Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay filimka Live From Muqdisho 2014 , kaasoo diiradda lagu saarayo Bandhig Faneedka Muqdisho /Nabadda March 2013 .  Marka laga soo tago shaqadeeda Elman Peace,  Ilwad waxay u doodeeysaa hindisehii ugu dambeeyay ee Mu'asasada Kofi Annan ee lagu magacaabo Extremely Together,  halkaas oo iyada iyo 9 kale oo ka mid ah hogaamiyayaasha dhalinyarada ee uu hogaamiyo Mr. Ilwaad waxa kale oo ay madax ka tahay Kooxda Maaraynta Kiisaska Rabshadaha Ku Salaysan ee Ilaalinta Carruurta ee Muqdisho; waa xubin aasaase ah oo ka tirsan Guddiga La-talinta ee Cilmi-baarista Hab-dhaqannada Bulsho ee Ku-saleysan Rabshadaha Ku-saleysan Jinsiga ee Soomaaliya iyo Koonfurta Suudaan, waa xubin ka tirsan shabakadda dhakhaatiirta caalamiga ah ee duubista dhaawacyada rayidka ah, khabiir ku ah Shabakadda Nabadda ee Haweenka Waging ee Amniga Loo Dhanyahay, iyo xubin koox la-talin istiraatiiji ah oo ku saabsan aagga ilaalinta carruurta ee caalamiga ah ee mas'uuliyadda. Waxa ay Soomaaliya u soo noqotay Safiirka Adduunka ee Hal da’yar tan iyo 2013; Madaxweyne Barack Obama ayaa sanadkii 2014-kii soo gabagabeeyay wada-shaqeynta Aqalka Cad ee madaxda da’da yar ee Afrika, waxaana isla sanadkaas loo magacaabay danjiraha dhalinyarada ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro xadgudubyada galmada ee colaadaha. Warbixin gaar ah oo ay soo saartay bishii May, 2016, The Washington Post, waxay ku tilmaantay doorkii Elman, iyo Xarunta Elman, ee dhaqancelinta wiilasha, laga soo daayay askartii carruurnimada, ee dagaal oogayaasha, oo kaliya in si qarsoodi ah loo shaqaaleysiiyay inay noqdaan jaajuusiin ay u shaqeeyaan hay’adda cusub ee sirdoonka Soomaaliya.  Ilwaad ayaa Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay uga warbixisay dood ku saabsan ilaalinta rayidka 2015-kii; waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee wakiil ka socda bulshada rayidka ah lagu casuumo inuu arrintan ka hadlo ka hor Golaha Ammaanka, iyo sidoo kale markii ugu horeysay ee dood cilmiyeedka sanadlaha ah oo diiradda lagu saaray xoojinta haweenka iyo ka qaybgalka. Waxay markii dambe wax ka qortay Ajendaha Waxqabadka Dhallinyarada ee ka hortagga Xag-jirnimada Rabshadaha kaas oo lagu xusay Qaraarkii taariikhiga ahaa ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 2250 ee dhallinyarada, nabadda iyo amniga. Agoosto 2016, Ilwad waxaa loo magacaabay Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay Ban Ki-Moon oo ah lataliye khabiir ah oo ku saabsan dhalinyarada, nabadda iyo amniga, waxaana loo xilsaaray inuu la taliyo daraasad lagu horumarinayo istiraatiijiyadda UNSCR 2250. Laga soo bilaabo jiidaha hore ee colaadaha iyo inta badan marka ay la kulmaan ammaan-darro xad-dhaaf ah; Ilwaad waxay sii waddaa hal-abuurnimada dadaallada u doodista ee EPHRC. Iyada oo loo marayo saamaynta isku dhafan ee waxqabadyada barnaamijka xididdada cawska waxay naqshadeysaa iyo sidoo kale u doodeheeda caalamiga ah; Waxay kicisay dhaqdhaqaaqyo qaran oo gudaha ah waxayna soo jiidatay indhaha caalamka si ay uga soo dhalaalaan waxqabadyada xal waara ee dhibaatada bini'aadamka iyo dhibaatooyinka daba dheeraaday ee Soomaaliya. ==Abaalmarinta iyo aqoonsiga== Ilwaad ayaa lagu sharfay 2015 Gleitsman Abaalmarinta Dhaqdhaqaaqa Caalamiga ah , Xarunta Dugsiga Harvard Kennedy ee Hogaaminta Dadweynaha 2016 Xaqa Abaalmarinta Qaldan, Oxfam America 2016 Abaalmarinta Haweeneyda Da'da yar ee Afrikaanka ah 100ka Afrikaan ee ugu saameynta badan dhalinyarada 2017 2017 BET Global Good Star Award] Qaataha Dhammaystirka Abaalmarinta Aurora ee kicinta aadanaha Elman waxay ku jirtay liiska 100-ka haween ee BBC ee lagu dhawaaqay 23kii Noofambar 2020. ==Maamuusyo kale== Sannadkii 2014-kii, Elman waxaa Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Mareykanka u magacawday xubin ka tirsan YALI . Sannadkii 2018, waxaa lagu martiqaaday inay ka soo qaybgasho Barnaamijka Hogaamiyeyaasha Caalamiga ah ee Xafiiska Arrimaha Dibedda iyo Barwaaqo-sooranka ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ==Tixraac== [https://ameyawdebrah.com/full-list-2016-africa-youth-awards-winners/ "Liiska Buuxa: 2016 Ku Guulaystayaashii Abaalmarinta Dhallinyarada Afrika - Ameyaw Debrah"] [http://hiiraan.ca/news4/2013/May/29479/canadian_sisters_on_front_lines_of_rebuilding_somalia.aspx "Walaalaha Canada ee ku sugan jiida hore ee dib u dhiska Soomaaliya"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175420/http://www.ficdc.org/cdc3221?lang=fr "Munaasabada Muqdisho waxay gacan ka geysataa sidii ay magaalada uga gudbi lahayd dhawaqyadii dagaalka"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160508114827/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/exclusive-us-funded-somali-intelligence-agency-has-been-using-kids-as-spies/2016/05/06/974c9144-0ce3-11e6-a6b6-2e6de3695b0e_story.html "Gaar gaar ah: Hay'adda sirdoonka Soomaaliya ee uu Maraykanku maalgeliyo waxay carruurta u adeegsan jirtay basaasnimo"] [https://cpl.hks.harvard.edu/gleitsman-award-celebrates-somali-humanitarians-fartuun-adan-and-ilwad-elman "Award Gleitsman Award Oo U Dabaal Dagay Samafalayaasha Soomaaliyeed Fartuun Aadan iyo Ilwad Elman"] [https://auroraprize.com/en/2017-aurora-prize-finalists "2017 Ciyaartooyda Abaalmarinta Aurora] [https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/speech-by-uk-ambassador-during-the-queens-birthday-party-in-mogadishu "Khudbadii Safiirka UK ee Xaflada Dhalashada Boqorada ee Muqdisho"]//GOV.UK . 31 Luulyo 2018. ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1iglbz_tedxmogadishu-ilwad-elman-in-memory-of-my-father-i-returned-to-rebuild-somalia_lifestyle Xusuusta Aabbahay, Waxaan u Laabtay Dib-u-dhiska Soomaaliya] a5z7zbrmmkveg6df5vui6pkjufewe0o 0 42940 303592 285450 2026-07-31T01:48:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = Anna Jagodzińska | image = Anna Jagodzińska (cropped).jpg | caption = Jagodzińska Sanadkii 2018 | birth_name = Anna Maria Jagodzińska<ref name=nymag/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|09|12}}<ref name=nymag>[http://nymag.com/fashion/models/ajagodzinska/annajagodzinska/ "Anna Jagodzinska"] {{Wayback|url=http://nymag.com/fashion/models/ajagodzinska/annajagodzinska/ |date=20181113135402 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113135402/http://nymag.com/fashion/models/ajagodzinska/annajagodzinska/ |date=2018-11-13 }}. [[New York Magazine]] model directory. Accessed March 4, 2009.</ref> | birth_place = [[Sierpc]], Poland<ref name=nymag/> | nationality = Polish | yearsactive = 2003–2006, 2008–present<ref name=nymag/> | haircolor = Huruud<ref name=show>[http://models.com/oftheminute/?p=5049&page=13 Anna Jagodzinska show package]. Next Management (February 2009), via models.com. Accessed March 4, 2009.</ref> | eyecolor = Buluug-cagaar<ref name=show/> | height = {{height|m=1.77}}<ref name=show/> | agency = {{Plainlist| * Maamulka Model New York (New York) * [[Maamulka Haweenka]] (Paris) * [[Maamulka Elite Model ]] (Milan, London) * Uno Models (Barcelona) * Model Scoop (Copenhagen) * Modelink (Gothenburg) * Kult Models (Hamburg) * MP Stockholm (Stockholm) * Model Plus (Warsaw)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://models.com/models/anna-jagodzinska|title=StackPath}}</ref> }} }} '''Anna Maria Jagodzińska''' (waxay dhalatay Sebtembar 12, 1987) waa moodel Booland ah Waxay ka soo muuqatay daboolka American, Talyaani, Australian, Chinese, Portuguese, iyo German Vogue , L'Officiel , Revue de Modes , iyo Japanese Numéro Bishii Diseembar 2011, waxay gashay kaalinta #9 ee moodooyinka websaydhka model.com ==Nolosha iyo shaqada== Jagodzińska waxa uu ku dhashay Sebtembar 12, 1987, ee Sierpc , Poland. Waxay la saxiixatay Maareynta Modelka Next ee 2003, waxayna ka dhigtay ciyaarteedii ugu horreysay ee runway-ga ee Pringle of Scotland 's Dayrta 2003 show. Sannadkaas ka dib, waxay u guurtay magaalada New York . Intii lagu jiray gu'ga 2004 toddobaadyada moodada (Sebtembar 2003), waxay u qaabaysay DKNY iyo Marc ee Marc Jacobs. Sannadkii 2004-tii oo ay horumartay; waxay u soo socotay Alexander McQueen , Burberry , Chanel , Marni , iyo Prada intii lagu jiray dayrta 2004 toddobaadyada moodada. Sannadkaas, waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay tifaftirayaasha W , Vogue Italia , iyo iD , waxayna u qaabaysay xayeysiisyada BCBG Max Azria , Moschino Cheap & Chic , iyo Pollini . Sannadkii 2005, Jagodzińska wuxuu ka soo muuqday daboolka Faransiiska Revue de Modes , Australiyaanka Vogue , iyo L'Officiel . Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay tifaftirka British Vogue . Waxay ku socotay bandhigyada moodada Derek Lam , Diane Von Fürstenberg , Marc Jacobs , iyo Peter Som . Ugu dambayntii, waxay u qaabaysay udgoonka Moschino Funny iyo buugga Neiman Marcus . 2006, Jagodzińska ayaa ka soo muuqday jaldiga Jarmalka Vogue iyo tafatirka Vogue Italia . Waxay sidoo kale sii waday inay ka soo muuqato xayaysiisyada Moschino oo ay u qaabaysay ololaha xayaysiiska gu'ga ee H&M. Jagodzińska ayaa markaa nasasho ka qaatay qaabaynta si ay diiradda u saarto daraasadda. Jagodzińska waxay samaysay "soo laabasho saadaasha hawada" si ay u qaabayso Febraayo 2008, markii ay ku socotay dayrta 2008 bandhigyada moodada Balenciaga , Chanel , Givenchy , Louis Vuitton , iyo kuwa kale. Sannadkaas ka dib, waxay ka soo muuqatay daboolka Japanese Numéro iyo Vogue Italia . Waxay sidoo kale ku samaysay shaqada tifaftirka ee Numéro , Vogue Paris , Japanese Vogue , Harper's Bazaar , iyo V. Waxay u soo bandhigtay sidii 'wajiga wakhtiga' ee May 2009 ee US Vogue Jagodzińska waxa uu ka soo muuqday bandhigyada 58 ee gu'ga 2009 toddobaadka moodada Waxay u qaabaysay laba iyo toban olole xayaysiis gu'ga 2009. Waxay ku dhex socotay bandhigga Fashion- ka sirta ee Victoria ee sanadlaha 2009 ee magaalada New York markii ugu horeysay. 2010, Jagodzińska waxaa lagu soo bandhigay David Gandy oo ku jira xayeysiiska udgoonka "Buluug fudud" ee Dolce & Gabbana kaas oo uu sawiray Mario Testino . Jagodzińska ayaa ka soo muuqday ololaha Donna Karan , GAP , Tom Ford , Neiman Marcus , Dolce & Gabbana , Tommy Hilfiger , Stella McCartney , Calvin Klein , Reserved , David Yurman , Oscar de la Renta , Prada , Chloéta , Ferrén , Bottega Balenciaga , Alberta Ferretti , Moschino , iyo Max Azria . Waxay ka soo muuqatay tifaftirka British, Chinese, Australian, Japanese, French, Italian, American, Portuguese, iyo German Vogue , Harpers Bazaar , iD , W , V , French iyo Japanese Numéro . ==Dacwad== Waxaa la soo wariyay bishii Noofambar 2010 in Jagodzińska ay dacweysay hay'addeeda ( Maareynta Modelka Xiga ) oo ay weheliso moodooyinka xiga ee Karmen Pedaru iyo Anna Aleksandra Cywinska . Marka loo eego dacwadda, Xiga waxa ay ahayd "ururinta iyo beddelidda boqollaal kun oo doollar oo magdhow ah oo loo qoondeeyey oo ay u soo diraan qolo saddexaad oo ballansan gudaha Maraykanka" oo aan u gudbin lacagta caddaanka ah. Jagodzińska ayaa sheegtay in xigta lagu leeyahay $230,000 oo ay sidoo kale raadsatay $1 milyan oo magdhow ah. Laga bilaabo 2012 , wax xal ah oo dadweynaha looma soo bandhigin. ==Tixraac== [http://nymag.com/fashion/models/ajagodzinska/annajagodzinska/ "Anna Jagodzinska"] {{Wayback|url=http://nymag.com/fashion/models/ajagodzinska/annajagodzinska/ |date=20181113135402 }} [http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Anna+Maria_Jagodzinska/ "Anna Maria Jagodzinska FMD Bio"] [http://models.com/models/anna-jagodzinska/year/magazine "Xidhmada Majaladda - Anna Jagodzinska"] [http://models.com/feed/?p=1137 "Wajiyada Badan ee Anna J"] [http://models.com/oftheminute/?p=4400 "Model Daqiiqado Xasuusta S/S 09"] [https://www.gofugyourself.com/photos/may-vogues-1981-present/may-2009-models-1587953630 "Vogue May 2009: Noocyo badan"] [https://kobietaistyl.pl/reserved-marka-polska-o-rozglosie-miedzynarodowym/ "Reserved – marka polska o rozgłosie międzynarodowym"] [http://www.styleite.com/media/models-sue-next-management/ "Models Dacweeyay Maamulka Xiga Ee Xaday Lacagtooda"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.styleite.com/media/models-sue-next-management/ |date=20130117205443 }} [http://nymag.com/thecut/2012/10/models-sue-for-shoddy-accounting-at-agencies.html "Models waxay dacweeyaan 'Shoddy Accounting' ee Wakaaladaha Sare"] 72ywvfpmho59ytut473bqbwud255pio 0 43542 303641 294225 2026-07-31T11:37:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qalliinka neerfaha ee caalamiga ah''' waa goob ku taal isgoyska caafimaadka dadweynaha iyo qalliinka neerfaha . Waxay ujeedadeedu tahay in la ballaariyo bixinta daryeelka neerfaha ee la hagaajiyay oo loo siman yahay caalamka oo dhan. ==Qeexid iyo taariikh== Qalliinka neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah waa "cilmiga caafimaadka iyo caafimaadka dadweynaha ee neerfayaasha iyada oo ujeeddada aasaasiga ah ee hubinta waqtiga, badbaadada, iyo daryeelka neerfaha ee la awoodi karo dhammaan kuwa u baahan Ereyga neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah ayaa markii ugu horreysay loo adeegsaday 1995 by neurosurgeon Canadian Dwight Parkinson si uu u qeexo daryeelka caafimaad ee neerfaha ee Manitoba; si kastaba ha ahaatee, goobta sida lagu qeexay maanta waxay dhalatay bartamihii 2010-yadii. Qeexida casriga ah ee qalliinka neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah waxay ka dhalatay isku-darka caafimaadka caalamiga ah iyo qalliinka neerfaha . Sidaa awgeed, qalliinka neerfaha ee caalamiga ah waxaa loo raray inuu yahay qayb ka mid ah caafimaadka caalamiga ah ee qalliinka caalamiga ah ==Culayska cudurrada ee lagu hagaajin karo neurosurgery== Qiyaastii 22.6 milyan oo qof ayaa waxaa saameeya cudurro lagu hagaajin karo neerfayaasha sanad walba, 13.8 milyanna waxay u baahan yihiin faragelin qalliin Culayska cudurada lagu daaweyn karo neerfayaasha ayaa si aan isku mid ahayn loogu qaybiyay caalamka, iyada oo wadamada dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ay wataan in ka badan 78.1% kiisaska Waddamada dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa ka maqan xoog-shaqaale, kaabayaasha, maalgelinta, iyo xogta loo baahan yahay si wax looga qabto culayska cudurka Bukaannada dakhligoodu sarreeyo , gaar ahaan meelaha miyiga ah iyo kuwa dhaqaale ahaan liita, waxay la kulmaan caqabado gaar ah si ay u helaan daryeel caafimaad oo badbaado leh, waqti ku habboon, oo la awoodi karo sababtan awgeed, inta badan shaqada neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah waxay diiradda saartay helitaanka daryeelka ee wadamada dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah inkastoo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee kala duwanaanshaha helitaanka daryeelka neerfaha. ==Ku celceli== -dhaqanka qalliinka neerfaha ee caalamiga ah wuxuu ku lug leeyahay u doodista, waxbarashada, siyaasadda, cilmi-baarista, iyo bixinta adeegga. Qaybaha dhaqanka neerfayaasha caalamiga ah waa kuwo isku xiran laakiin dhakhaatiirta neerfayaasha caalamiga ah waxay u muuqdaan inay diiradda saaraan shaqadooda hal ama laba ka mid ah. Isbeddelkan ayaa u oggolaaday takhasuska gudaha iyo iskaashiga weyn ee ka dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka iyo hay'adaha. ===U doodid=== Dadaallada u doodista waxay ka dhacaan heer caalami, heer gobol, iyo heer maxalli ah iyo iyadoo lala kaashanayo dadaallada caafimaadka ee la wadaaga yoolalka la midka ah ee daaweynta neerfayaasha caalamiga ah - caymiska caafimaadka caalamiga ah iyo horumar waara. Caalami ahaan, kooxaha u doodaha neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah waxay ka qaybqaataan dhacdooyinka siyaasadda caafimaadka heerka sare sida Golaha Caafimaadka Adduunka iyo Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay U doodayaasha neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah waxay gacan ka geysteen go'aamo heer sare ah oo badan oo ay ku jiraan folate folate, ogaanshaha iyo maaraynta cilladaha ku dhasha xubnaha taranka, iyo ka hortagga dhaawaca Maxali ahaan, kooxaha u doodaha neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah waxay ka kooban yihiin shaqaalaha caafimaadka iyo u doodayaasha kale ee bukaanka. Kooxahani waxay saameeyaan go'aan qaadashada maxalliga ah laakiin si isku mid ah ayay u firfircoon yihiin caalamka. Kooxo badan oo u doode maxalli ah ayaa xubno ka ah kooxaha u doodista caalamiga ah sida G4 Alliance, Dadka iyo Ururada United for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (PUSH!) Global Alliance, iyo Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Spina Bifida iyo Hydrocephalus (IFSBH). Kooxaha u doodista qalliinka neerfaha ee caalamiga ah waxay ka shaqeeyaan hay'adahan caalamiga ah si ay isugu xiraan dadaallada u doodista heer gobol iyo heer caalami. ===Waxbarashada=== Waxbarashada neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah waxay diiradda saartaa laba dhinac. Marka hore, barayaasha qalliinka neerfaha ee caalamiga ah waxay tababaraan khabiiro si ay ugu adeegaan gobollada aan kheyraadka lahayn. Tababarku wuxuu ugu horreyn diiradda saarayaa bixinta adeegga badbaadada iyo tayada leh ee bulshooyinka aan loo adeegin. Dadaalladan waxbarasho ee cilmi-nafsiga ee caalamiga ah ayaa loo qaybin karaa tababar aan gaar ahayn iyo mid gaar ah. Tababarka ama waxbarashada aan khaaska ahayn ee shaqo wadaaga/bedelida bartilmaameedyada shaqaalaha daryeelka caafimaadka ee aan khaaska ahayn sida dhakhaatiirta guud, saraakiisha caafimaadka, iyo dhakhaatiirta guud Tababarka aan khaaska ahayn ayaa si gaar ah muhiim u ah kordhinta helitaanka daryeelka lagama maarmaanka ah iyo xaaladaha degdegga ah ee neerfayaasha si degdeg ah. Tababarka aan khaaska ahayn, oo ka duwan tababbarka gaarka ah, waxaa lagu samayn karaa waqtiyo gaaban, oo leh kooxo waaweyn, iyo agabyo yar. Tababarka neurosurgery ee gaarka ah wuxuu socon karaa meel kasta laga bilaabo dhowr bilood ilaa 8 sano iyadoo ku xiran heerka tababarka. 21​​ ​Dhanka kale, degenaanshaha qalliinka neerfaha waxay socdaan inta u dhaxaysa 4 iyo 8 sano. Diirada kale ee waxbarashada qalliinka neerfaha ee caalamiga ah waa is-weheshiyo soo bandhigaya tababarayaasha fikradaha caafimaadka caalamiga ah iyo kuwa guud . Isbahaysiga neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah ayaa ah kuwa cusub laakiin aad ayey caan ugu yihiin machadyada sida Cambridge, Cornell, Duke,Harvard, iyo Jaamacadda Cape Town oo bixiya tababar gaar ah ===Siyaasadda=== Dhakhaatiirta caalamiga ah ee ku takhasusay qalliinka neerfayaasha ayaa si weyn uga qaybqaata naqshadeynta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadaha caafimaadka ee hagaajinaya helitaanka badbaadada, waqtiga, iyo daryeelka neerfaha ee la awoodi karo ee caalami ahaan. Tusaalooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee dadaallada siyaasadda neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah waxaa ka mid ah tilmaamaha siyaasadda caafimaadka ee dhamaystiran ee dhaawacyada maskaxda iyo lafdhabarta iyo lafdhabarta bifida iyo hydrocephalus Tilmaamaha siyaasadda dhamaystiran waxay wax ka qabtaan caqabadaha saameeya bukaanka joogtada ah ee daryeelka waxayna soo jeedinayaan xalalka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka Dukumeentiyadan waxaa loogu talagalay siyaasad-dejiyeyaasha meelaha leh culeys weyn oo cudurro ah oo loogu talagalay qalliinka neerfaha. Dhaawacyada maskaxda iyo laf dhabarta ayaa la doortay sababtoo ah waxay ka kooban yihiin in ka badan 47.1% culeyska cudurrada neerfaha ee caalamiga ah halka hydrocephalus iyo spina bifida loo doortay saameyntooda xun ee carruurta. ===Cilmi baaris=== Cilmi-baadhistu waa arrin aan laga maarmi karin oo ku saabsan dhaqanka neerfayaasha caalamiga ah ee loo yaqaan 'academic global neurosurgery' Qalliinka neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah ee akadeemiyadda wuxuu leeyahay diiradda ballaaran wuxuuna adeegsadaa fikradaha ka yimaada cudurrada faafa, dhaqaalaha caafimaadka , siyaasadda caafimaadka, adeegyada caafimaadka, nidaamyada caafimaadka, hirgelinta iyo sayniska faafinta, iyo badbaadada bukaanka & cilmi-baarista horumarinta tayada Kobaca cilmi-nafsiga caalamiga ah ee cilmi-nafsiga ee cilmi-nafsiga tan iyo 2016 waa natiijada xiisaha korodhka iyo taageerada bulshada neurosurgical ee lagu garto abuurista guddi ad-hoc ah oo ka dhex jirta Xiriirka Adduunka ee Societies Neurosurgical, daabacaadda arrimaha gaarka ah ee sumcadda faca-ficilada ee joornaalada dib loo eegay , abuurista xarumaha caalamiga ah ee neurosurgery. Qalliinka neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah ee tacliinta ayaa tilmaamaya caqabadaha helitaanka daryeelka neerfaha waxayna soo jeedinayaan xalal kordhinaya helitaanka daryeelka. Caddaynta ay keentay cilmi-nafsiga caalamiga ah ee cilmi-nafsiga waxay ku wargelinaysaa dhinacyada kale ee dhaqanka neerfaha caalamiga ah. ===Bixinta adeegga=== Bixinta adeeggu waa qaybta ugu da'da weyn ee ku dhaqanka neerfayaasha caalamiga ah waxaana dib loo soo celin karaa xilligii gumeysiga markii dhakhaatiirta qalliinka ay daryeel ku bixin lahaayeen deegaannada Qalliinka neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah wuxuu ujeedkiisu yahay in la yareeyo caqabadaha lagama maarmaanka ah iyo hababka degdega ah ee neerfayaasha sida kuwa loo baahan yahay istaroogga degdega ah, cilladaha tuubada neerfaha, dhaawacyada maskaxda ee dhaawaca ah, iyo dhaawacyada laf-dhabarka Bukaannada dalka dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexe waxay leeyihiin natiijooyin ka xun marka loo eego dhiggooda waddanka dakhligoodu sarreeyo sababtoo ah waxay si joogto ah ula kulmaan caqabado si ay u helaan daryeel caafimaad oo waqtiyeysan oo badbaado leh Hoos-u-dhaca xoogga shaqada ee dalalka dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa caqabad weyn ku ah helitaanka daryeelka. Inkasta oo deegaannadii hore ay tababareen dhakhaatiirta neerfayaasha maxalliga ah tan iyo markii ay xornimada qaateen, cufnaanta xoogga shaqada neerfaha ee dalal badan oo dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa weli ka hooseeya Ururka Adduunka ee Societies Neurosurgical 'talinta 1 neurosurgical 200,000 qofba Intaa waxaa dheer, inta badan wadamada dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah waxay leeyihiin kala duwanaansho juqraafi ah oo ku saabsan shaqada neerfaha iyada oo inta badan dhakhaatiirta qaliinka neerfaha ay ka shaqeeyaan magaalooyinka halka inta badan dadka ku nool wadamadan ay yihiin miyi-deggenayaal Intaa waxaa dheer, ururada aan dawliga ahayn ee qalliinka ee ka socda wadamada dakhligoodu sarreeyo waxay caawiyaan buuxinta farqiga adeegga ee qaar ka mid ah wadamada dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah Inkasta oo inta badan ururada aan dawliga ahayn ee neurosurgical ay bixiyaan adeeg-bixin muddo-gaaban ee wadamada dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah, qaar sida CURE International waxay bixiyaan daryeel waqti dheer ah Shaqaalaha neerfaha ee wadamada dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhay tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay dadaallada la beegsaday ee beesha caalamka ee neurosurgery. Tusaale ahaan, Xiriirka Adduunka ee Societies Neurosurgical wuxuu taageeraa tababbarka rabitaanka dhakhaatiirta neerfayaasha ee ka imanaya waddamada aan shaqaynayn iyada oo loo marayo deeqo waxbarasho oo laga helo xarumaha la aqoonsan yahay ee Afrika, Aasiya, iyo Koonfurta Ameerika Dhakhaatiirta da'da yar ee neerfayaasha ee ka yimid gobollada aan kheyraadka lahayn ee loo tababaray farsamooyinka sare ee neerfaha ayaa sheegaya in bukaannadooda aysan helin daryeel badbaado iyo waqti ku habboon sababtoo ah kaabayaasha ku filan Helitaanka kaabayaasha neurosurgical waxaa lagu qiimeyn karaa si kooban iyadoo la adeegsanayo Xiriirka Adduunka ee Societies Qalliinka Neurosurgical ee xarunta kala soocidda saddex-heer ama iyadoo la adeegsanayo qalabka qiimeynta isbitaalka. Xiriirka Adduunka ee Societies Neurosurgical tas-hiilaadka kooxaha kala soocidda saddex-heer galay heerka 1 (qalabka loogu talagalay hababka neerfayaasha degdega ah), heerka 2 (qalabka lagu sameeyo hababka aasaasiga ah ee microneurosurgical), iyo heerka 3 (qalabka loogu talagalay qalliinka qallafsan iyo sare ee neurosurgery). ==Tixraac== [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6830053 "Waa maxay 'qaliin caalami ah'? Qeexida isdhexgalka maaddooyinka badan ee u dhexeeya qalliinka, suuxinta iyo caafimaadka dadweynaha"] [[doi:10.1093/neuopn/okab025|"Warqad: Baaxadda iyo Dhaqanka Neurosurgery Global"]] [[doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.12.048|"Qaliinka Neerfaha Caalamka: Baahida aan la daboolin"]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7414764 "Maxaa Magaca ku jira] [[doi:10.3171/2017.11.JNS171500|"Qalabka neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah: awoodda hadda jirta iyo yaraanta bixinta daryeelka muhiimka ah ee neerfaha. Soo koobidda fulinta ee Hindisaha Qalliinka Neurosurgery ee Caalamiga ah ee Barnaamijka Qalliinka Caalamiga ah iyo Isbeddelka Bulshada "]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7573644 "Ururka Adduunka ee Bulshooyinka Qalliinka Neurosurgical ee Da'yarta Sahanka Dhakhaatiirta Neurosurgical (Qaybta I): Tirakoobyada, Kheyraadka, iyo Waxbarashada"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7573643 "Xiriirka Adduunka ee Bulshooyinka Qalliinka Neurosurgical ee Da'yarta Sahanka Dhakhaatiirta Neurosurgical (Qaybta II): Caqabadaha Hormarinta Xirfadda iyo Bixinta Adeegga Qalliinka Neurosurgery"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8193351 "Baahiyaha Dhakhaatiirta Da'da Yar ee Afrikaanka ah ee Neurosurgeons iyo Deganeyaasha: Daraasad-Qeyb-dhaaf ah"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895422 Qalliinka neerfayaasha ee caalamiga ah: dardargelinta joogtada ah ee Golaha Caafimaadka Adduunka ee 72aad] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154228 "Hawl-isbedelka iyo Wadaagista Hawsha ee Qalliinka Neerfaha: Sahan Caalami ah oo ku saabsan Dhaqannada Hadda ee Waddamada Dakhliga Hoose iyo Dhexe"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154229 "Aragtida caalamiga ah ee ku saabsan wareejinta Hawsha iyo Wadaagista Hawsha ee Qalliinka Neerfaha"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154225 "Haw- Wadaagista Qalliinka Neerfaha ee Degdegga ah: Daraasad Kooxeed oo Dib-u-eegis ah oo Filibiin"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7398343 "Dib u eegis ku saabsan waxbarashada neurosurgery ee caalamiga ah: Horizon of Neurosurgery ee dalalka soo koraya"] [https://neurotrauma.world/about "Kooxda Cilmi-baarista Caafimaadka Caalamiga ah ee NIHR ee Neurotrauma"] {{Wayback|url=https://neurotrauma.world/about |date=20231125025043 }} [https://neurosurgery.weill.cornell.edu/education/neurosurgical-fellowships/global-health-neurosurgery-fellowship "Isbahaysiga Caafimaadka Neurosurgery"] [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875020312973 "Waxbarashada Qalliinka Neurosurgery ee Caalamiga ah ee Barnaamijyada Deganaanshaha Mareykanka"] [https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/16838/prioritizing-global-neurosurgery-in-the-focus-of-global-public-health-the-ethical-financial-and-clin "Mudnaansiinta Qalliinka Neerfaha Caalamiga ah ee diiradda saaraya Caafimaadka Dadweynaha Adduunka: Anshaxa, dhaqaalaha iyo baahiyaha caafimaad | Mawduuca Cilmi-baarista Xuduudaha"] [https://www.chyspr.org/ "Talooyinka Siyaasadda Dhameystiran ee Maareynta Spina Bifida & Hydrocephalus ee Wadamada Dakhliga Hoose & Dhexe"] [https://irjns.org/article-1-209-en.html "Saameynta Qalliinka Neurosurgery ee Caalamiga ah ee Waddamada dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo kuwa dhexe: Xaaladda Cameroon"] {{Wayback|url=https://irjns.org/article-1-209-en.html |date=20251109232609 }} 0zyia26q2yrm9ohusm13w85web3inml 0 44763 303629 290094 2026-07-31T07:16:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Efa Iwara | image = Efe Iwara at the 2021 AMA Award 01.jpg | caption = Efe oo ka qayb galaysa 2021 [[Abaalmarinta Akadeemiyada Filimada Afrika]] | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|20 August 1986}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | education = [[Jaamacadda Ibadan]] | occupation = {{flatlist| * Jilaa * raaber }} | years_active = 2006 ilaa maanta | known_for = Jilidda, muusikada }} '''Efa Iwara''' (wuxuu dhashay 20 Agoosto 1986), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Efa, waa jilaa reer Nigeria ah iyo fanaaniin ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Iwara waxa uu ku dhashay 20kii Agoosto 1986 ee Ibadan, Gobolka Oyo waxa u dhashay Bare-sare ee aabbihiis Linguistics iyo hooyadii maktabadda. Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Ugep oo ka tirsan Ismaamulka Yakurr ee Gobolka Cross River , Nigeria Waxbarashadiisa hoose ayuu ku qaatay Staff School, Ibadan, iyo Dugsiga Caalamiga ah, Barth Road, Ibadan , waxbarashadiisa sare. Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay Jaamacadda Ibadan , isagoo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay Juqraafiga. ==Xirfad== Iwara waxa uu xirfadiisa ka bilaabay warshadaha madadaalada isaga oo muusik ahaan ah 2006dii isaga oo ku jira koox lagu magacaabo X-Factor with DJ Clem, Bolaji, Jide iyo Boye. Ka dib kala diristii kooxda, wuxuu sii daayay halkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay iyo 5 track EP oo loo yaqaan Waka EP ee 2011. Halkiisii ​​​​ugu dambeeyay ee rasmiga ah wuxuu cinwaankiisu ahaa "Fall in Love" oo leh Plantashun Boiz ee 2014 Wuxuu sameeyay jilitaankiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay ee 2011 dhacdadii Tinsel isagoo ah dhexdhexaadiyaha doodaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee wuxuu weli diiradda saaray muusigga xilligan. Muuqaalkiisa xiga wuxuu ahaa xilli ciyaareedkii ugu horreeyay ee MTV Shuga Naija ee 2013. Wuxuu ka maqnaa goobta jilitaanka ilaa 2016 markii uu ka soo muuqday Life 101 ee TV-ga Ebonylife Tan iyo markaas, wuxuu ka soo muuqday taxane TV oo ay ku jiraan Ajoche , oo ah Afrika Magic asalka ah, Rumor Has It iyo Naadiga Ragga . Waxa kale oo uu ka soo muuqday filimada sida Isoken , Seven iyo Rattlesnake: Sheekada Ahanna . Wuxuu ku mutaystay abaal-marintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee Afrika Magic Viewers' Choice Award (AMVCA) ee waxqabadkiisa Toddobaadka . ==Tixraac== [https://www.legit.ng/1363013-efa-iwara-biography-age-height-state-origin-wife-movies.html "Biography Efa Iwara: Da'da, dhererka, xaaladda asalka, xaaskiisa, filimada"] [https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/their-excellencies-best-of-nollywood-leading-men-file-out-today/ "Wanaagtooda… Ragga ugu wanaagsan ee Nollywood ee hogaaminaya maanta ayaa soo bandhigaya"] [https://thenet.ng/how-efa-iwara-abandoned-a-struggling-music-career-to-make-it-big-in-nollywood/ "Sidee Efa Iwara uga Tagtey Mihnadda Fanka ee Halganka leh si ay ugu Weynaato Nollywood"] [https://dnbstories.com/2020/10/full-biography-of-nigerian-actor-efa-iwara.html "Biography Full of Jilaa Nigeria Efa Iwara iyo xaqiiqooyin kale oo isaga ku saabsan"] [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/602471-movie-review-ile-owo-hazy-storyline-that-offers-no-logical-explanation-for-events-characters.html?tztc=1 "DIB U EEGIDDA FILIMKA: Ile Owo: Sheeko xamaasad leh oo aan bixineynin sharraxaad macquul ah oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka, jilayaasha"] [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/this-lady-called-life-is-a-poignant-love-story-on-abuse-and-redemption-pulse-review/5wj65g3.amp 'Marwadan Nolosha Loogu Yeedhay' waa sheeko jacayl oo dareen leh oo ku saabsan xadgudubka & madax furashada Pulse review] [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-sessions-starring-efa-iwara-omowunmi-dada/1vy9bj6.amp "Halkan waxaa ah waxa aad u baahan tahay oo dhan inaad ka ogaato 'Sessions' ee uu jilayo Efa Iwara, Omowunmi Dada"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-sessions-starring-efa-iwara-omowunmi-dada/1vy9bj6.amp |date=20230329174126 }} [https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/04/must-watch-efa-iwara-chiagoziem-nwakanma-star-accelerate-tvs-corper-shun-teaser/ "Waa in la daawado! Efa Iwara, Chiagoziem Nwakanma xiddiga ee dardargelinta TV-ga 'Corper Shun' | Teaser"] [https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021 "2022 Abaalmarinta Africa Magic Award Musharrixiinta ayaa ku deeqay- Eeg cidda liiska ku jirta"] 0p6ked6lpjww0rb72y5j5asjw7d1oov 0 45418 303640 298697 2026-07-31T11:29:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippa Hobbs''' waa taariikhyahan faneedka Koonfur Afrika, farshaxan, iyo ururiyaha farshaxanka. Waxay ku dhalatay 1955 waxayna ka qalin jabisay St Andrew's School 1972. Waxay fanka ku baratay Kuliyadda Farshaxanka ee Johannesburg ka hor intaysan dhammayn koorsada daabacaadda ka dib ee Jaamacadda Farshaxanka (Philadelphia) . Kadib waxay sii waday waxbarashadeeda Jaamacadda Koonfur Afrika (UNISA) iyo Technikon Witwatersrand ee Johannesburg Hobbs wuxuu ahaa borofisar fanka Technikon Witwatersrand laga bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1993, iyo sidoo kale madaxa daabacaadda halkaas Waxaa lagu xusay inay gacan ka geysato ku-dhaqanka farshaxanka (oo leh bandhigyo heer qaran iyo heer caalami ah), waxbarashada farshaxanka, cilmi-baarista, iyo horumarinta bulshada iyada oo loo marayo farshaxanka. Laga bilaabo 2006, Hobbs waxa uu u shaqeeyay sidii Curator of MTN Art Collection, oo ah ururinta fanka ee gaarka ah, shirkadda ee Johannesburg. ==Fanka== Hobbs ayaa lagu martiqaaday in uu gacan ka geysto Sawirrada Mashruuca Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee 1996, kaas oo ku lug lahaa fanaaniinta samaynta muuqaal muuqaal ah qodob kasta oo ka mid ah Sharciga Xuquuqda ee Koonfur Afrika. Hobbs' faqraddiisa loo qoondeeyay wuxuu ahaa faqradda 8: Xorriyadda Hadalka, halkaasoo alwaaxdeeda - oo uu Carabku helay - ay tusinayso dheellitirka khatarta ah ee u dhexeeya xuquuqda hadalka iyo cawaaqibka ka dambeeya Shaqooyinka kale ee Hobbs waxaa ka mid ah Dracunculus iyo Cat's Cradle , alwaax la soo saaray 1993, iyo Spiritus Candelabrae , oo ah laba midab oo alwaax ah oo la soo saaray 1992. ==Tixraac== [http://www.durbanet.co.za/exhib/dag/hr/cl08.htm "Sawirada Xuquuqda Aadanaha, Koonfur Afrika - Farqada 8: Xorriyadda Hadalka (Philippa Hobbs)"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.durbanet.co.za/exhib/dag/hr/cl08.htm |date=20160303185247 }} [https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/2c99d347-8e25-4d89-b081-1a5eef1d0521 Daabacaadda Casriga ah ee Koonfur Afrika: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Farshaxanka ee La Xiriira Xaaladaha Dhaqaale-Dhaqaale, Iyadoo Tixraac Gaar ah loo leeyahay Saxafada Caversham]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://asai.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Messages-and-Meaning-the-MTN-art-collection-pg-141-156.pdf Farriimaha iyo Macnaha: Ururinta Farshaxanka ee MTN] {{Wayback|url=https://asai.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Messages-and-Meaning-the-MTN-art-collection-pg-141-156.pdf |date=20250929093734 }} srw0tyap9n2hpmyw29yxqx1s41qkbkd 0 46120 303633 293474 2026-07-31T09:50:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Lauren Beukes | image = Lauren Beukes, dConstruct 2012 - 2 cropped.jpg | caption = Lauren Beukes at [[dConstruct]], 2012. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|6|5}} | birth_place = [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Writer | nationality = South African | period = (2005–present) | genre = {{plainlist| * Sheeko-xariireed Saynis * [[Sheekooyin Suugaaneed]] * [[Sheekooyin Magaaleed]] * [[Sheekooyin Utopian iyo Dystopian ah | Sheeko-xariireed Dystopian ah]] * Sheeko-xariireed aan sheeko-xariireed ahayn }} | name = Lauren Beukes | image = Lauren Beukes, dConstruct 2012 - 2 cropped.jpg | caption = Lauren Beukes oo ka tirsan [[dConstruct]], 2012. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|6|5}} | birth_place = [[Johannesburg]], [[Koonfur Afrika]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Qoraa | nationality = Koonfur Afrika | period = (2005–hadda) | genre = {{plainlist| * Sheeko-xariireed Saynis * [[Sheekooyin Suugaaneed]] * [[Sheekooyin Magaaleed]] * [[Sheekooyin Utopian iyo Dystopian ah | Sheeko-xariireed Dystopian ah]] * Sheeko-xariireed aan sheeko-xariireed ahayn }} | website = {{URL|http://laurenbeukes.com/}} }} '''Lauren Beukes''' (waxay dhalatay 5 Juun 1976) waa qoraa sheeko-yaqaan Koonfur Afrikaan ah, qoraa sheeko-gaaban, wariye iyo qoraa qoraal telefishan . ==Nolosha hore== Lauren Beukes waxay dhalatay 5 Juun 1976. Waxay ku kortay Johannesburg , Koonfur Afrika Waxay dhigatay Dugsiga Roedean ee Johannesburg, waxayna haysataa shahaadada MA ee qoraalka hal-abuurka ah oo ay ka qaadatay Jaamacadda Cape Town . Beukes waxay qortay sheeko-xariireedkeedii ugu horreeyay markay dhallinyaro ahayd. Inkasta oo aan la daabicin, haddana waxay markii dambe ku tilmaantay wax ay "qaaradaha la wareegtay" laakiin waxay go'aansatay inay ka tagto khaanad Waxay u shaqaynaysay weriye madax-bannaan muddo toban sano ah, oo ay ku jiraan laba sano oo ay ku sugnayd New York iyo Chicago. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20131203060803/http://www.firststep.me/index.php/ultimate-careers/career-interviews/367-lauren-beukes-the-writer-who-is-inspired-by-the-world "Lauren Beukes waa qoraaga dunida ku dhiiratay"] [https://tarotinterviews.com/episode/a-sloth-a-lizard-wizard-and-a-terrible-date-walk-into-a-podcast-lauren-beukes-draws-the-cards "Nin caajis ah, Saaxir Libaax ah iyo Taariikh Xun oo ku socota Podcast: Lauren Beukes ayaa sawirtay Kaararka"] {{Wayback|url=https://tarotinterviews.com/episode/a-sloth-a-lizard-wizard-and-a-terrible-date-walk-into-a-podcast-lauren-beukes-draws-the-cards |date=20250516231044 }} [https://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/C-Notes/August-2013/The-Shining-Girls/ "Qoraaga Gabdhaha Ifaya ayaa sheegaya sababta sheeko-xagaaga ee qof walba uu ugu jecel yahay loogu dhigay Chicago"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/C-Notes/August-2013/The-Shining-Girls/ |date=20191223194323 }} juk3s92a6ztqz1y75y9dacdte5kdswb 0 46805 303639 293888 2026-07-31T10:34:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum | name = Toy Museum | native_name = Leksaksmuseet | native_name_lang = sv | logo = | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Spårvägsmuseet 2009.jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Iridda laga galo Leksaksmuseet iyo [[Spårvägsmuseet]]. | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_dot_label = | coordinates = {{coord|59|18|42|N|18|05|55|E|region:SE_type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=inline,title}} | former_name = | established = {{start date|1980|08|30|df=y}} | dissolved = | location = [[Södermalm]], [[Stockholm]] | type = | accreditation = | key_holdings = | collections = | collection_size = | visitors = | founder = | executive_director = | leader_type = | leader = | director = | president = | ceo = | chairperson = | curator = | architect = | historian = | owner = | employees = | publictransit = | parking = | website = | network = | embedded = }} [[Image:Leksaksmuseet, Stockholm.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Iridda gudaha ee laga galo Leksaksmuseet]] Madxafka Alaabta lagu ciyaaro ({{langx|sv|Leksaksmuseet}}) waa [[toy museum|madxaf alaabta lagu ciyaaro]] kaas oo ku yaalla (tan iyo 2005) gudaha [[Spårvägsmuseet]] ee [[Södermalm]], [[Stockholm]]. Markii hore wuxuu ku yaallay [[Mariatorget]], halkaas oo markii ugu horreysay la furay Ogosto 30, 1980. Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha soo jiidashada leh ee caanka ah waa ururinta [[railway modelling|moodooyinka tareennada]] ee Bulshada Tareennada (Järnvägssällskapet). Xoogga waxaa lagu saaray "qarnigii 20-aad, iyadoo xoogga la saarayo alaabta lagu ciyaaro ee farsamada leh". Hadda Leksaksmuseet wuxuu ku yaallaa Nacka, Saltsjö-Pir, dhismooyin cusub oo casri ah. ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commonscat|Leksaksmuseet}} ​[https://www.leksaksmuseet.se/ Mareegta rasmiga ah ee Leksaksmuseet] {{Wayback|url=https://www.leksaksmuseet.se/ |date=20251227163704 }} sxhrx6675iaybo678j41ycmrojmzomr 0 47737 303628 303162 2026-07-31T06:46:08Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Water transit |name = Kivukada Likoni |logo = |logo_size = |image = Jambo, Mombasa, 2025 (03).jpg |image_size = |caption = MV ''Jambo'' oo rakaabka ka qaadaya jasiiradda [[Mombasa]] sanadkii 2025 |locale = [[Mombaaso]], Kenya |waterway = [[Dekedda Kilindini]] |transit_type = [[Lugeeyayaal]] iyo [[Gaadiidka waddooyinka|gaadiidka]] [[kivukada]] |began_operation = |ended_operation = |system_length = {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} |lines = |vessels = MV ''Harambee''<br />MV ''Pwani''<br />MV ''Kilindini''<br />MV ''Mvita''<br />MV ''Nyayo''<br />MV ''Likoni''<br />MV ''Kwale''<br />MV ''Jambo'' |terminals = Jasiiradda Mombasa<br />Likoni |ridership = |operator = Kenya Ferry Services |owner = }} '''Kivukada Likoni''' waa adeeg kivuko ah oo ka gudba [[Dekedda Kilindini]], una adeega magaalada Kenya ee [[Mombaaso]] inta u dhexeysa [[Jasiiradda Mombasa]] iyo [[xaafadda]] weyn ee [[Likoni]]. [[Ferry#Double-ended|Kivukada labada dhinac leh]] ayaa ku kala beddela dekedda, iyagoo wada gaadiidka waddooyinka iyo dadka lugeynaya. Kivukadahan waxaa maamula Kenya Ferry Services (KFS), waana adeeggii kivuko ee kaliya ee ay maamusho KFS. Kivukada Likoni waxay bilowday hawlgalkeeda 1937.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KFS History|url=https://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/about-us/about-kfs-ltd/kfs-history|website=www.kenyaferry.co.ke|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> Adeegga rakaabka waa lacag la'aan; gaadiidka (oo ay ku jiraan [[tuktuk]]-yada, mootooyinka, iyo gawaarida waaweyn) ayaa bixiya lacag. Gudubku waa qiyaastii {{convert|500|m}}. ==Adeegga== [[File:Hamburg Dradenau MV Kwale MV Likoni 3735.jpg|thumb|left|Kivukada cusub ee MV ''Kwale'' iyo MV ''Likoni'' oo ku xiran Terminalka Dradenau ee Dekedda Hamburg, Jarmalka.]] Waxaa jira toddobo kivuko oo shaqeeya. MV ''Mvita'' iyo MV ''Pwani'' waxaa la iibsaday 1969 iyo 1974, siday u kala horreeyaan; MV ''Nyayo'', MV ''Harambee'', iyo MV ''Kilindini'' waxaa loo iibsaday gacan labaad 1990. MV ''Kwale'' iyo MV ''Likoni'' waxaa la helay Juun 2010. MV ''Jambo'' waxaa laga iibsaday Turkiga 2020.<ref name="Barasa 2020">{{cite news |last1=Barasa |first1=Lucas |title=New Likoni ferry, MV Jambo, leaves Turkey for Kenya |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/mombasa/new-likoni-ferry-mv-jambo-leaves-turkey-for-kenya-412794 |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=Nation |date=29 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Sannadkii 2010, ''Harambee'', ''Nyayo'', iyo ''Kilindini'' ayaa laga saaray [[Lloyd's Register]] sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan u qalmin badda.<ref>Daily Nation, 7 March 2010: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/875106/-/vr7qqq/-/index.html New ferries no magic wand, say experts]</ref> Ilaa laga gaaray Maajo 2011, MV ''Nyayo'' waxay weli isticmaalka ugu jirtay sidii kivuko gargaar ah. [[Dongo Kundu bypass]] ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay fududeyso kivukada ciriiriga ah iyadoo isku xiraysa . Waddada ayaa mari lahayd [[Diani Beach|Diani]] ilaa [[Miritini]], iyadoo dhaafi lahayd Mombasa lafteeda.<ref>The Standard, 28 January 2010: [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/mag/InsidePage.php?id=2000001834&cid=470& A bypass might solve the ferry debacle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314134625/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/mag/InsidePage.php?id=2000001834&cid=470& |date=14 March 2012}}</ref> Buundo toos ah ama tunnel ka imanaya Likoni oo u socda Jasiiradda Mombasa ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay, laakiin qiimaha sare ee dhisiddooda ayaa ka dhigay fursadahan kuwo aan suurtagal ahayn.<ref>Daily Nation, 7 March 2010: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/State%20sitting%20on%20grand%20proposals%20over%20ferry%20problems/-/1056/875118/-/l7cj21/-/index.html State sitting on grand proposals over ferry problems] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/State%20sitting%20on%20grand%20proposals%20over%20ferry%20problems/-/1056/875118/-/l7cj21/-/index.html |date=20171029014015 }}</ref> Sannadkii 2018, [[Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Mareykanka]] ayaa ka digtay dadka safraya inay isticmaalaan kivukada sababo la xiriira welwelka ammaanka.<ref name="KTA">{{cite web |title=Kenya Travel Advisory |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/kenya-travel-advisory.html |website=travel.state.gov |access-date=6 July 2023 |archive-date=23 Bisha Todobaad 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723180913/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/kenya-travel-advisory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhacdooyinka == ===''Mtongwe'' Musiibadii (1994)=== 29 Abriil 1994, kivukada ''Mtongwe'' oo ku sii jeeday dhulweynaha ayaa kula gadoontay {{convert|40|m}} dekedda, taasoo dishay 272 ka mid ah 400 oo qof oo saarnaa.<ref>Daily Nation, Wednesday Magazine, 19 November 2003: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427035859/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/wednesday/19112003/story19111.htm The restless ghosts of Mtongwe]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Business|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/2560-246764-uuyore/index.html|website=The East African|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Musiibada ka dib, waxaa la soo wariyay in awoodda markabka ay ahayd 300. Ilaa 2005, KFS waxay magdhow siisay 81 qoys wadar ahaan [[Shilinka Kenya|KSh]] 36,902,472 ([[Doolarka Mareykanka|US$]]486,840).<ref>[http://ferrynews.com/stories/kenyan-ferry-firm-compensates-tragedy-victims Kenyan ferry firm compensates tragedy victims — Ferrynews<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===''Harambee'' dhacdadii (2019)=== 29 Sebteembar 2019, 35-jir Mariam Kighenda iyo gabadheeda 4-jirka ah Amanda Wambua ayaa dhintay ka dib markii ay raaceen ''Harambee'' iyadoo gaarigooda [[Toyota Isis]] uu ka siibtay dhabarka dambe ee raritaanka dekedda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Car-plunges-into-Indian-Ocean/4552908-5292398-view-asAMP-59w0n4z/index.html|title=Search and rescue underway in Kenya after car plunges into ocean|work=The East African|date=30 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343853/mother-and-daughters-identified-as-victims-of-likoni-ferry-tragedy|title=Mother and daughters identified as victims of Likoni Ferry tragedy|work=Standard Media|date=30 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343916/body-of-woman-and-daughter-still-trapped-60m-underwater|title=Body of woman and daughter still trapped 60m underwater|work=Standard Media|date=1 October 2019}}</ref> 2 Oktoobar, kooxda samatabbixinta ayaa adeegsatay robot-yo si ay u helaan meydadka dhibanayaasha oo ku xayiran gaariga.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001344131/state-use-robots-to-locate-likoni-ferry-tragedy-victims|title=State using robots to locate Likoni Ferry tragedy victims|work=Standard Media|date=2 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2019/10/search-for-sunday-0ferry-tragedy-victims-widened-to-9-probable-locations/|title=Search for Sunday ferry tragedy victims widened to 9 probable locations|work=Capital FM Kenya|date=2 October 2019}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 9 Oktoobar, gaariga iyo meydadka ayaa laga helay qoto dheer oo ah {{convert|58|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Divers-locate-car-that-slid-off-Kenya-ferry/4552908-5305000-view-asAMP-770qj0z/index.html|title=Divers locate car that slid off Kenyan ferry|work=The East African|date=9 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001345166/family-of-likoni-victims-left-frustrated-as-retrieval-of-bodies-is-delayed|title=Family of Likoni victims left frustrated as retrieval of bodies is delayed|work=Standard Media|date=11 October 2019}}</ref> Waxaa la soo saaray laba maalin ka dib.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kahawatungu.com/2019/10/11/breaking-ill-fated-vehicle-in-likoni-ferry-tragedy-finally-retrieved/amp/#aoh=15708157660462&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s|title=Likoni Ferry Tragedy, Bodies Finally Retrieved [Video]|work=Kahawa Tungu|date=11 October 2019|access-date=24 Bisha Lixaad 2026|archive-date=11 Bisha Tobnaad 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011175011/https://www.kahawatungu.com/2019/10/11/breaking-ill-fated-vehicle-in-likoni-ferry-tragedy-finally-retrieved/amp/#aoh=15708157660462&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kharashaadka == Mootooyinka waxay bixiyaan KSh 50, gawaarida sedan waxay bixiyaan KSh 120, minibuses waxay bixiyaan KSh 600, iyo basaska waxay bixiyaan KSh 1,100.<ref>{{cite web|title=KFS toll charges|url=http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/bonus-pages/about-us|accessdate=5 March 2019}}</ref> Dadka lugeynaya iyo baaskiilleyda waa lacag la'aan. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke Kenya Ferry Services] - "la hakiyay" tan iyo 2022 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221116172633/http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/] iyo hadda (Nofeembar 2025) dib u sii hagida goob su'aalo [https://web.archive.org/web/20250101000000*/http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/] su0wtmc6sxw8re214dtp44n322u9goz 0 49429 303596 303253 2026-07-31T02:16:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image_photo = Aschara-Kita.JPG | image_caption = Beerta carruurta iyo kaniisadda | image_coa = | coordinates = {{Coord|51|03|20|N|10|40|49|E|type:city(440)_region:DE-TH_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Bala Aschara.png | state = | district = [[Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis]] | type = Ortsteil | Town = Bad Langensalza | elevation = 243 | area = 8.09 | postal_code = 99947 | area_code = 03603 | population = 440 | population_as_of = 2020-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name="population">{{cite web |url=https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/wirtschaft/ |title=Wirtschaft – Standortinformationen |date=19 February 2020 |trans-title=Economy – location information |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bad Langensalza |access-date=2022-05-30 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523082716/https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/wirtschaft/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | mayor = Dieter Kraußlach<ref name="official">{{cite web |url=https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/aschara/ |title=Aschara |date=19 February 2020 |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bad Langensalza |access-date=2022-05-30 |archive-date=2022-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530155349/https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/aschara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsteilbürgermeister | website = [https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/aschara/ badlangensalza.de] | year_of_first_mention = 786<ref name="official" /> }} '''Aschara''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaʃaːʁaː|pron}}) waa tuulo iyo qayb ka mid ah magaalada [[Bad Langensalza]] ee [[Thuringia]], badhtamaha Jarmalka, oo leh 440 qof oo degan.<ref name="population" /> == Juqraafi == Tuuladu waxay ku taal qiyaastii 6 km koonfurta duleedka Bad Langensalza oo ku taal jiirarka koonfur-bari ee buurta ''Ascherberg'' (310 m heerka badda), oo ay weheliso durdurka ''Weißer Bach''. Tuulooyinka ugu dhow waa [[Eckardtsleben]] oo dhanka woqooyi ah, [[Burgtonna]] oo dhanka bari ah, [[Ballstädt]] oo dhanka koonfur-bari ah, [[Westhausen, Gotha|Westhausen]] oo dhanka koonfur ah, [[Wiegleben]] oo dhanka galbeed ah iyo [[Henningsleben]] oo dhanka woqooyi-galbeed ah. Xiriirada gaadiidka ayaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' (waddada federaalka) 247 ee u dhaxaysa [[Gotha]] iyo Bad Langensalza, oo ka soo baxaysa Aschara iyada oo loo sii marayo waddada baadiyaha ee 2125, iyo Burgtonna iyada oo loo sii marayo ''Ascharer Straße''. Buuraha ''Fahner Höhe'' waxay ku yaallaan qiyaastii 4 km galbeedka tuulada. == Taariikh == Liiska hantida ee [[Hersfeld Abbey]], tuuladu waxay ka muuqataa deeqdii [[Charlemagne]] uu siiyay kaniisadda, taas oo la sameeyay ilaa geeridii aasaasaheeda ''Lullus'' ee 786. Sidaas darteed, Aschara waxay u dabaal-dagtay sannad-guuradeedii 1,225-aad (ugu yaraan) sannadkii 2011. Sannadkii 932, [[Henry the Fowler]] wuxuu tuulada u beddeshay hanti kale oo uu siiyay Abbot-ka Hersfeld Abbey.<ref name="Beck">{{Cite book |first=August |last=Beck |title=Geschichte des Gothaischen Landes |language=de |volume=3: ''Geschichte der gothaischen Landstädte, Marktflecken und Dörfer in alphabetischer Ordnung.'' Theil&nbsp;1: ''Altenbergen – Mechterstedt.'' |publisher=Thienemann |publication-place=Gotha |date=1875 |url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11315147?page=27 |pages=19–25}}</ref> Sayidkii ''Aschare'' wuxuu tuulada siiyay Sayidkii Salza (Bad Langensalza) kuwanina (suurtagal ahaan qiyaastii 1410) waxay siiyeen Sayidkii Gleichen. Sannadkii 1634, natiijada heshiis dhaxal ah, tuulada iyo sayidnimada Tonna waxay u gudbeen baron-ka Tautenburg iyo Frauenprießnitz, geeridiisii ka dibna 1640 kii waxa ay u gudubtay tirada Waldeck. Iyada oo loo marayo deedka iibka ee 1677, Aschara waxay ku dhacday [[Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]].<ref name="Beck" /> Woqooyiga tuulada waxaa ka kaca buur, dhinaca koonfureed ee canab laga beeray xilligii dhexe, in kasta oo ay dhalasho liidato.<ref name="Beck" /> Maanta, buurta waxaa kala qaybiyay tareenka u socda Bad Langensalza; qaybta galbeed waa ''Weinberg'' ("beerta canabka"), 268 m sare, oo taagan mashiinka dabaysha ee Dutch oo laga soo bilaabo 1848, iyo qaybta bari waxaa loo yaqaan ''Wartberg''. 1 Janaayo 1994, Aschara waxaa lagu daray Bad Langensalza.<ref name="official" /> == Goobaha == * '''Kaniisad:''' Sida uu sheegay Beck, waxaa jiray kaniisad yar oo ka sarreysa tuulada, malaha beerta canabka, taas oo haraageedii wali la arki karayay qarnigii 18-aad. Geedka lime ayaa lagu beeray meesha. Kaniisadda, oo la dhisay ka hor [[Reformation]] (i.&nbsp;e. ka hor 1517), waa in la dumiyaa 1748 sababtoo ah way burburtay.<ref name="Beck" /> Dhagaxii aasaaska ee dhismaha Kaniisadda St&nbsp;Peter's waxaa la dhigay 28&nbsp;May 1749. Gudaha kaniisadda, waxaa ku yaal xubin la dhisay 1751–52<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBuTJvPDwmQ |title=Orgelschätze in Thüringen: Die Nössler-Orgel in Aschara |trans-title=Organ treasures in Thuringia: The Nössler Organ in Aschara |type=Motion picture |language=de |access-date=2022-01-15}}</ref> by dhisaha xubinta Johann Valentin Nößler. * '''''Altes Backhaus''''' ("Guri Dubis oo Hore"): Guri [[half-timbered]] dib loo soo celiyay oo ku yaal bartamaha tuulada * '''Iskutallaab dhagax ah''' ({{Coord |51|3|43.5|N |10|40|54.3|E |type:landmark_region:DE-TH_source:dewiki |name=Steinkreuz Aschara |display=inline}}): Qiyaastii 600 m woqooyiga tuulada, waxaa ku yaal iskutallaab dhagax ah oo qadiimi ah oo hoos timaada geed dhinaca galbeed ee waddada ee jihada Eckardtsleben. Halkan, xadka Eckardtsleben, waddo wasakh ah ayaa laamaysa dhanka galbeed. Iskutallaabta dhagaxa ah waxay sidoo kale leedahay magacyo kale oo afka ah: ''Schwedenkreuz'', ''Taternkreuz''. Magacyada goobta ayaa sidoo kale tixraacaya iskutallaabta: ''Beim Kreuzchen'', ''Totenrain''. Iskutallaabtu waxay leedahay gacmo waxyar u fidsan xagga dibadda oo leh geeso wareegsan iyo koob yar oo dusheeda ah. Asalka dhismaha lama yaqaan.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Frank |last=Störzner |title=Steinkreuze in Thüringen. Katalog Bezirk Erfurt |language=de |series=Weimarer Monographien zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte |number=10 |issn=0232-265X |publisher=Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Thüringens |publication-place=Weimar |date=1984 |volume=10 |page=62 |url=http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-20130516-134002-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.suehnekreuz.de/ |title=Sühnekreuze und Mordsteine |language=de |website=www.suehnekreuz.de |access-date=28 February 2019 |archive-date=11 Bisha Labaad 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211033403/http://www.suehnekreuz.de/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''Mashiinka dabaysha ee hore''' ({{Coord |51|3|38.2|N |10|41|1.6|E |type:landmark_region:DE-TH_source:dewiki |name=Windmühle Aschara |display=inline}}): Haraaga mashiinka dabaysha ee hore waxay ku taagan yihiin ''Weinberg'' ("beerta canabka"), 268 m heerka badda (NN). <gallery> Bundesarchiv Bild 183-56740-0001, Aschara, erstes sozialistisches Dorf, Ortsschild.jpg|Laga soo galo Aschara 11&nbsp;Luulyo 1958: "Tuuladii ugu horreysay ee hantiwadaag ah ee degmada Bad Langensalza" Aschara-Kirche-2.JPG|Kaniisadda St Peter's Aschara-Kirchentür.JPG|Iridda kaniisadda Aschara-Backhaus.JPG|''Altes Backhaus'' Aschara Windmühle Steinkreuz.jpg|Iskutallaab dhagax ah iyo mashiinka dabaysha oo u dhow Aschara </gallery> == Dhaqaale == Dhaqaalaha tuuladu waa beerasho. Ganacsiyo farsamo gacmeed oo yar ayaa sidoo kale halkan ku yaal. Shirkadaha ugu waaweyn waa shirkad mashiinada beeraha iyo shirkad baabuur iyo mashiinno injineernimo. Aschara waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa warshad hilibka oo isku magac ah, taas oo u guurtay beer warshadeed cusub oo ku taal duleedka Bad Langensalza ee ''c.'' 1985. == Tixraacyo == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons-inline}} {{Authority control}} bcjtb1glhd4f5jhm6d42jc5fx0z7avn 0 49469 303603 302669 2026-07-31T02:46:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Baabe COA.svg |image_photo = Baabe evangelische Dorfkirche 01.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Evangelic (la dhisay 1929/30) ee Baabe |coordinates = {{coord|54|21|N|13|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Baabe_in_VR.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Mönchgut-Granitz |elevation = 10 |area = 2.26 |postal_code = 18586 |area_code = 038303 |licence = RÜG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 006 |website = [http://www.baabe.de/ www.baabe.de] |mayor = Hartwig Diwisch |party = CDU }} '''Baabe''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]] ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. [[File:Baabe, Sellin (2011-05-21) 3.JPG|thumb|left|Muuqaal hawada sare ah oo Baabe ah oo ku wajahan [[beach|xeebaha]] ciidda leh ee [[Baltic Sea|Badda Baltic]]]] == Goobaha la booqdo == <!---what happened to this list? → ''See also: [[List of heritage buildings in Baabe]]'' ---> * Goobta lagu daawado ee ''Baaber Bollwerk'' * Guryo saqafkoodu ka samaysan yahay [[Thatched|caws]] * [[Mönchgut Coastal Fishing Museum|Matxafka Kalluumeysiga Xeebta ee Mönchgut]] * Kaniisadda Tuulada Baabe Dhinaca waqooyi ee tuulada waxaa mara Mönchgraben, oo ah haraaga xuduuddii dhexe ee qarniyadii dhexe. == Cimilada == Baabe, heerkulka celceliska ayaa aad u kala duwan. Marka la eego qoyaanka, heerkulku wuxuu dareemaa qabow nus sannadkii iyadoo ay jirto xoogaa roob ama baraf ah. Bilaha ugu diirran ee la booqdo waa Juun, Luulyo, iyo Agoosto oo leh heerkulkiisu yahay 74.5°F (23.6°C) iyo hoos u dhac dhan 58.5°F (14.7°C) habeenkii. Bilaha leh fursadda ugu yar ee roob ama baraf muhiim ah Baabe waa Febraayo, Maarso, iyo Abriil, iyadoo kan ugu fiican yahay Maarso. Waxay u badan tahay inay roob ama baraf da'aan horraanta ilaa badhtamaha Janaayo iyadoo celcelis ahaan 2 maalmood oo roobab muhiim ah toddobaadkii.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Best Time to Visit Ostseebad Baabe, Germany for Weather, Safety, & Tourism {{!}} Champion Traveler |url=https://championtraveler.com/dates/best-time-to-visit-ostseebad-baabe-de/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=championtraveler.com}}</ref> == Dalxiiska == Bilaha dalxiiska ee ugu mashquulka badan Baabe waa May, waxaa ku xiga Agoosto iyo Janaayo. <ref name=":0" /> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.baabe.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Baabe] *[http://www.amt-moenchgut.de/ris/instanz_3/index.htm Baabe ee Amt Mönchgut-Granitz] {{Wayback|url=http://www.amt-moenchgut.de/ris/instanz_3/index.htm |date=20071220221614 }} {{Authority control}} jgle52umv68xvbsr5fzjv0wggntuu7h 0 49607 303614 303347 2026-07-31T04:35:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = Wappen Bad Wörishofen.svg |image_photo = 2001 Kurhaus BW.jpg |image_caption = Kurhaus-ka Bad Wörishofen |coordinates = {{coord|48|00|21|N|10|35|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bad Wörishofen in MN.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Unterallgäu |elevation = 603-670 |area = 57.79 |postal_code = 86825 |area_code = 08247 |licence = MN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 78 116 |divisions = 12 Gemeindeteile |website = {{URL|https://www.bad-woerishofen.de/}} |mayor = Stefan Welzel<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Bad Wörishofen''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˌvøːʁɪsˈhoːfn̩|-|De-Bad Wörishofen.ogg}}) waa [[Magaalo raaxo|magaalo biyo-daweyn]] oo ku taal degmada [[Unterallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]], waxayna ku caan tahay biyaha lagu daweeyo ([[hydrotherapy]]) oo uu heer ka gaarsiiyay [[Sebastian Kneipp]] (1821–1897), oo ahaa wadaad Katoolik ah oo halkaas ku live-jiray 42 sano. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah huteelada raaxada iyo guryaha martida ee Bad Wörishofen waxay martidooda u fadiyaan daweyn iyagoo adeegsanaya hababka Kneipp. [[File:Bad Wörishofen - St. Justina (2012-07-08).JPG|thumb|left|Kaniisadda St. Justina ee Bad Wörishofen]] Aagga cusub ee raaxada ee magaalada ka dışa ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Therme Bad Wörishofen]]. Wargeyska ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' wuxuu magaalada ku tilmaamay "caasimadda qarsoon ee caafimaadka".<ref>[http://www.berliner-kurier.de/archiv/spannen-sie-aus-in-bad-woerishofen--im-kneipp-kurort-kann-mann-kraft-tanken-wellness-woche-gewinnen,8259702,8192890.html "Spannen Sie aus in Bad Wörishofen. Im Kneipp-Kurort kann Mann Kraft tanken: Wellness-Woche gewinnen"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.berliner-kurier.de/archiv/spannen-sie-aus-in-bad-woerishofen--im-kneipp-kurort-kann-mann-kraft-tanken-wellness-woche-gewinnen,8259702,8192890.html |date=20150923215714 }}. ''[[Berliner Kurier]]''. (1 September 2010).</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Magaaladu waxay ku taal Wörthbach, oo ah laan ka mid ah Astaanta [[Mindel (river)|Mindel]] ee {{ill|Donau-Iller|de|Region Donau-Iller}}, oo ah gobol xuduud u ah [[Bavaria]] iyo [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Waxay qiyaastii 80&nbsp;km / 50 mayl ka xigtaa dhanka galbeed [[Munich]] iyo 35&nbsp;km / 22 mayl ka xigtaa dhanka bariga [[Memmingen]]. ==Taariikhda== Xustii ugu horreysay ee laga hayo goobtan waxay ka dhalatay sanadkii 1067, halkaas oo loogu tilmaamay inay tahay "Werenshova". Magaca waxaa loo malaynayaa inuu ka dhigan yahay "Guri-beereedkii Werin". Qarni ku dhowaad Wörishofen waxay ahayd deegaan beeraha u badnaa. Waxaa u dhaxeeyay 1719 iyo 1721 [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] {{ill|Wörishofen Monastery|de|Kloster Wörishofen}} oo loo dhisay maamulka [[Dominikus Zimmermann]]. [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunia]] ka dib, iyadoo koonfur-galbeed Jarmalka ay ka tirsanayd [[Allied-occupied Germany#American zone|Aagga qabsashada Mareykanka]], Bad Wörishofen waxay ahayd goob ku taalla [[displaced persons camp|xeryaha dadka barakacay]].<ref>[http://www.dpcamps.org/BadWorishofen.html DP Camp Bad Wörishofen]</ref> Badanka dadkii barakacay ee ku jiray waxay ahaayeen kuwo ka soo jeeda [[Lithuania]]. Xeradu waxay heshay kalsoonida iyo taageerada [[United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration|UNRRA]], waxaana sidaas darteed loo dhiibay ogolaansho ay ku daabacataan lacagahooda waraaqaha ah. == Shakhsiyaadka == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]] (1945–1982), agaasime filim * [[Jeremias Schröder]] (wuxuu dhashay 1964 as Maximilian Schröder), Benedictine Abbot iyo Madaxweynaha Benedictine Congregation ee [[St. Ottilien Archabbey|St. Ottilien.]] * [[Yank Azman]] (wuxuu dhashay 1947), jilaa Kanada ah === Shakhsiyaadka ku xidhan Bad Wörishofen === * Hermann Aust (1853–1944), taageere weyn oo Sebastian Kneipp iyo taageeraha horumarinta Bad Wörishofen oo ah magaalo raaxo. * [[Viktor Frankl]] (1905–1997), aasaasihii [[logotherapy]], wuxuu ka shaqeeyay Bad Wörishofen sanadkii 1945 halkaas oo uu ka ahaa dhqtar ka tirsan Cisbitaalka Dadka Barakacay. [[File:Sebastian Kneipp.jpg|thumb|150px|Sebastian Kneipp 1915]] * [[Sebastian Kneipp]] (1821–1897), wadaad iyo Hydrotherapeut, oo ah ikhtiraacaha daweynta biyaha ee ''Kneipp''. * [[Carl Beines]] (1869–1950), violinist, laxamiiste, agaasimaha kooxda hestrada iyo macallin codka ah, oo ardaydiisa ay ka mid yihiin [[Richard Tauber]], iyo [[Herbert Ernst Groh]], wuxuu ku noolaa, ku baray kuna dhitay magaalada. * [[Katherine Mansfield]] (1888–1923), qoraa ka soo jeeda New Zealand, waxay qortay sheekooyinka gaagaaban ee ''[[In a German Pension]]'' ka dib markii ay joogtay Bad Wörishofen sanadkii 1909. * [[Franz Roth|Franz "Bulle" Roth]] (wuxuu dhashay 1946), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah oo u ciyaari jiray [[Germany national football team|kooxda qaranka Jarmalka]] iyo [[FC Bayern München]], mulkiilaha dukaan dharka isboortiga ah oo ku yaal Bad Wörishofen * [[Ulla Salzgeber]] (waxay dhalatay 1958), ciyaartoyda fardaha, waxay ku noolayd Bad Wörishofen ilaa 2011. * [[Irmgard Seefried]] (1919–1988), soprano, waxay ku noolayd Bad Wörishofen sanadihii 1923 ilaa 1940, iyadoo ku guuleysatay billadda dahabka ee badbaadada dadweynaha ee Bad Wörishofen. * [[Ethel Smyth]] (1858–1944), laxamiiste Ingiriis ah, waxay muddo ku noolayd Munich iyadoo booqasho caafimaad ka samaysay Bad Wörishofen sanadkii 1889. * [[Antanas Deksnys]] (1906–1999), bishob Katoolik ah oo ka soo jeeda Lithuania. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[Wörishofer|Kabaha sandal-ka ah ee Wörishofer]] waxaa lagu sameeyaa halkan.<ref>{{citation |title=Ooh, but they are comfy . . . |author=Imogen Fox |date=23 July 2010 |journal=[[The Guardian]] | page=13}}</ref> == Xusuusin iyo tixraac == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Commons category|Bad Wörishofen}} {{Cities and towns in Unterallgäu (district)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bad Worishofen}} jh7bu6xh844b7cdgg915qkdlzotgdtt 0 49609 303615 303349 2026-07-31T04:38:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Bad Zwesten COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|03|N|09|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_skyline = Bad Zwesten von Altenburg.jpg |image_caption = Bad Zwesten, dhanka kuleedka waa Rugta Caafimaadka ee Hardtwald |image_plan = Bad Zwesten in HR.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Schwalm-Eder-Kreis |elevation = 210 |area = 39.45 |postal_code = 34596 |area_code = 05626 |licence = HR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 34 027 |divisions = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.badzwesten.de/ www.badzwesten.de] |mayor = Achim Siebert<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-04/BVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen, Stand 13.04.2023|language=de|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS|access-date=2023-07-06|archive-date=2023-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162647/https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-04/BVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|url-status=dead}}</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Bad Zwesten''' waa munisipaliteot ku yaal degmada [[Schwalm-Eder]] ee gobolka [[Hesse]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goolaynta=== Bad Zwesten waxay qiyaastii 8&nbsp;km dhanka koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Bad Wildungen]] iyadoo ku taal webiga [[Schwalm (Eder)|Schwalm]], oo ka tirsan [[Drainage basin|biyo-qabeenka]] [[Eder (Fulda)|Eder]]. Dhanka waqooyi ee deegaanka waxaa ka bilaabma Bausaha Biyaha iyo Dabeecadda ee [[Kellerwald]]-Edersee. ===Deegaannada hoos yimaada=== * Betzigerode * Niederurff * Oberurff-Schiffelborn * Wenzigerode * Zwesten (xarunta maamulka) ==Taariikhda== Zwesten waxaa markii ugu horreysay dokumeenti lagu xusay qiyaastii sanadkii 800. Sanadkii 1913 waxaa la helay [[mineral spring|il-biriyo oo macdan ah]], oo sanadkii 1960 si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay ''Heilquelle'' (≈il-biriyeed caafimaad). Cusbooneysiinta maamulka ee Hesse dhexdeeda, deegaannadii madax-bannaanaanta lahaa ee Betzigerode, Niederurff, Oberurff-Schiffelborn, Wenzigerode, iyo Zwesten ayaa lagu midoobay deegaanka cusub ee Zwesten sanadkii 1972. Sanadkii 1992, deegaanku wuxuu helay aqoonsi rasmi ah oo ah magaalo biyo-daweyn, taas oo u oggolaatay in magaceeda lagu daro hor-dhegeha ''Bad'' – oo ka dhigan "qubeys" ama "biyo-daweyn" ee [[German language|Aqoonta Jarmalka]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha deegaanka=== {{update section|date=July 2021}} Golaha maamulka deegaanka wuxuu ka kooban yahay 23 xubnood. *[[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] 6 kuraas *[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] 10 kuraas *[[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]] 3 kuraas *FWG (isbaahaysiga muwaadiniinta) 2 kuraas *Bürgerliste (isbaahaysiga muwaadiniinta) 2 kuraas (sida ku xusan doorashooyinkii deegaanka ee 26 Maars 2006) ==Dhaqaalaha== [[Image:Hardtwaldklinik Zwesten.jpg|thumb|180px|Rugta Caafimaadka ee Hardtwald II oo ka koraysa deegaanka]] Magaalada biyo-daweynta ee Bad Zwesten waxay barwaaqadeeda ku dhiseysaa ''Löwensprudel'' ("Biyaha Qasabadaha ee Libaaxa"). Magaala-biyo-daweyntan waxaa ku yaal laba rugood oo caafimaad, Hardtwald Clinics I iyo II oo leh qiyaastii 650 sariirood. ==Gaadiidka== Bad Zwesten waxay ku taallaa isgoyska Jidadka Waaweyn ee Federaalka (''Bundesstraßen'') B&nbsp;3 iyo B&nbsp;485. Qiyaastii 5&nbsp;km halka uu deegaanka ku yaal waxaa ku yaal isgoyska Borken/Bad Zwesten ee jidka xawaaraha sare ee Autobahn [[Bundesautobahn 49|A 49]] ([[Kassel]] – [[Fritzlar]] – [[Marburg]]). Deegaanku wuxuu ka tirsan yahay Shabakadda Gaadiidka ee Waqooyiga Hesse (''Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund'') oo sidoo kale ka shaqeysiisa taksi la wadaago oo loogu yeero xarunta tareennada ee [[Borken, Hesse|Borken]] oo ku taalla Waddada Tareenka ee Main-Weser. ==Litarajarta== *Martin Opfer: ''Zwesten : Betzigerode, Niederurff, Oberurff, Schiffelborn und Wenzigerode; Bilder und Texte erzählen, wie es damals war'', Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1989, {{ISBN|3-925277-31-5}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.bad-zwesten.de Bad Zwesten] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bad-zwesten.de/ |date=20120503234037 }} {{Authority control}} i3xp15hp7b0oeyb7c3grkrzn2rqqql8 0 49614 303616 303354 2026-07-31T04:38:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Badenheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|50|37|N|7|58|06|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Badenheim in MZ.svg |state = |district = Mainz-Bingen |Verbandsgemeinde = Sprendlingen-Gensingen |elevation = 120 |area = 4.33 |postal_code = 55576 |area_code = 06701 |licence = MZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 39 004 |website = [http://www.badenheim.de/ www.badenheim.de] |mayor = Jan Ott<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3390000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mainz-Bingen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} [[File:WappenBadenheim alt.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Badenheim ee qiyaastii 1608]] '''Badenheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbaːdn̩haɪm}}) waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteot]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah meel wadaagga munisipaliteetada – oo ku taal degmada [[Mainz-Bingen]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Sprendlingen-Gensingen|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Sprendlingen-Gensingen]], oo xarunteedu ku taallaa [[Sprendlingen]]. ==Juqraafiga== Munisipaliteetku wuxuu ku yaallaa galbeedka ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 50 ee buuraha dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Rhenish Hesse]] qiyaastii 10&nbsp;km dhanka bariga magaalada [[Bad Kreuznach]]. ==Dhaqanka iyo booqashada== Badenheim waxay leedahay kaniisad [[Roman Catholicism|Katoolik]] ah oo ka dhalatay xilligii [[Baroque architecture|Barroqiga]] sidoo kale kaniisad [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Injiili]] ah oo qaabka [[Classicism|Klassikism-ka]] ah. Sidoo kale waxaa mudan in la eego guryaha [[Timber framing|dhisme-dhireedka]] leh iyo meelaha khamriga lagu sameeyo. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Badenheim}} * [http://www.badenheim.de/site/index.php Bogga rasmiga ah ee munisipaliteetka] {{Wayback|url=http://www.badenheim.de/site/index.php |date=20090309214524 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309214524/http://badenheim.de/site/index.php |date=2009-03-09 }} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} {{MainzBingen-geo-stub}} r6fn6xcr7h3i8qqox62dsx387d6uhfq 0 49631 303617 303373 2026-07-31T04:41:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = Ballenstedt Detailansicht.jpg |image_caption = Sida ay muuqato magaalada hore |image_coa = DEU Ballenstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|43|12|N|11|14|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ballenstedt in HZ.png |state = |district = Harz |elevation = 236 |area = 86.65 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15085040 |postal_code = 06493 |area_code = 039483 |licence = HZ |website = [http://www.ballenstedt.de/ www.ballenstedt.de] |mayor = Dr. Michael Knoppik<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Ballenstedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbalənʃtɛt|-|De-Ballenstedt.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Harz (district)|degmada Harz]], ee gobolka [[Germany|Jarmalka]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]]. ==Juqraafiga== Waxay ku taallaa darafka waqooyi ee buuraleyda [[Harz]], ku dhawaad 10&nbsp;km (6&nbsp;mi) koonfur-bari ee [[Quedlinburg]]. Dhulka munisipaliteetka wuxuu ka kooban yahay tuulooyinka Asmusstedt, Badeborn, Opperode, [[Radisleben]], iyo [[Rieder]]. Ballenstedt waa meel ay ku joogsato jidka quruxda badan ee [[Romanesque Road]]. ==Taariikhda== [[File:Schloss Ballenstedt, Hofseite.JPG|thumb|left|Qasrigii Ballenstedt, dhanka barxadda]] Koomiskii [[Duchy of Saxony|Saksikitaanka]] ahaa ee [[Esico of Ballenstedt]] (c. 1000–1059/60) waxaa la xusay 1030 gudaheeda taariikhda Xilligii Dhexe ee [[Annalista Saxo]] iyo warqad rasmi ah 1036 oo uu soo saaray Boqorkii [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]]. Wuxuu ahaa wiil uu dhalay Count Adalbert, oo hayay xafiiska ''[[Vogt]]'' ee [[Nienburg Abbey]], iyo Hidda, oo ahayd gabadhii [[Odo I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark|Margrave Odo I ee Saxon Ostmark]]. Esico, oo walaashiis [[Uta von Ballenstedt|Uta]] ay guursatay [[Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen|Margrave Eckard II ee Meissen]] waxaa loo tixgeliyaa awoowga [[House of Ascania]]. Wuxuu lahaa [[collegiate church|kaniisad kuleej]] oo ku taallay Ballenstedt, oo loo hibeyay Qduusiinta [[Pancras of Rome|Pancras]] iyo [[Abundius]], iyadoo uu goobjoog ka ahaa Boqorkii [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]] sanadkii 1046. Kaniisadda Ballenstedt waxaa lagu xusay xeer sanadkii 1073<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dfg-viewer.de/show?tx_dlf%5Bdouble%5D=0&tx_dlf%5Bid%5D=http://recherche.landesarchiv.sachsen-anhalt.de/xslt/index.aspx?xml=Z_1__Nr_28-producer.xml&tx_dlf%5Bpage%5D=2&cHash=b79f5d52ff7007781d940aaebb70e03b|title=DFG-Viewer: (König Heinrich IV.)|website=dfg-viewer.de}}</ref> oo uu soo saaray [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] kaas oo boqorku ugu xaqiijiyay kaniisadda lahaanshaha 21 [[Mansus|''mansi'']] oo uu markii hore bixiyay aabbihiis [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]. Sanadkii 1123 [[Otto, Count of Ballenstedt|Otto the Rich]] iyadoo uu la joogo wiilkiisa [[Albert the Bear]], oo dambe noqday taliyihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]], wuxuu aasaasay kaniisad ka tirsan [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] ee goobtaas. Albert waxaa lagu aasay godka kaniisadda ee 1070; monument loogu talagalay wuxuu ku yaallaa parka magaalada. Awoowgii Albert ee [[Henry I, Count of Anhalt|Henry I]] wuxuu noqday [[Principality of Anhalt|Aamiirkii ugu horreeyay ee Anhalt]] sanadkii 1218. Sanadkii 1512 muwaadiniinta Ballenstedt waxaa la siiyay [[brewing right|xuquuqda khamri-samiyeedka]] oo uu siiyay aamiirkii Ascanian-ka ahaa ee [[Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen|Wolfgang ee Anhalt-Köthen]]. Ka dib markii Wolfgang uu kulan la qaatay [[Martin Luther]] 1521 ee [[Diet of Worms]], wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah taliyeyaashii ugu horreeyay ee [[Protestant Reformation|Protestant-ka]] ee [[Holy Roman Empire|Boqortooyada Qduuska ah ee Roomaanka]]. Kaniisaddii Ballenstedt waxaa loo galay oo la dhacay waqtigii [[German Peasants' War|Dagaalkii Beeraleyda Jarmalka]], ka dib Aamiir Wolfgang wuxuu kaniisaddii ka dhigay [[Secularization|maamul gaar ah]] sanadkii 1525. Wuxuu u doortay Ballenstedt inay noqoto xaruntiisa wuxuuna siiyay [[German town law|xuquuqda magaalada]] sanadkii 1543. Waxay heshay gidaarrada magaalada 1551; aqalka magaalada markii ugu horreysay waxaa la xusay 1582. Maadaama aamiirradii Anhalt ay taageereen Boqorkii [[Christian IV of Denmark]] waqtigii [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]], Ballenstedt waxaa weeraray oo dhacay ciidamadii Boqortooyada ee ka socday [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] sanadkii 1626. [[File:Schloss Ballenstedt 1837.jpg|thumb|left|Qasrigii Ballenstedt, ku dhawaad 1837]] Dagaalka ka dib, magaalada iyo kaniisaddii hore waxaa loo dhisay sidii hoy xagaaga ee [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] oo ay lahaayeen aamiirradii Ascanian-ka ee [[Anhalt-Bernburg]]. Sanadkii 1765 aamiirkii aqoonta lahaa ee [[Frederick Albert, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg|Frederick Albert]] wuxuu dhammaan hoygiisa ka soo raray [[Bernburg]] oo u soo xagjiray Qasrigii Ballenstedt wuxuuna keenay xilli horumar leh, iyadoo la aasaasay masraxa qasriga sanadkii 1788, kaas oo ah masraxa ugu horreeyay ee Saxony-Anhalt iyo dhulka laxamiistayaasha sida [[Albert Lortzing]] iyo [[Franz Liszt]]. Qayb ka mid ah dib-u-midoobiddii [[Duchy of Anhalt]] tan iyo 1863, Ballenstedt waxay noqotay magaalo deegaan u ah dadka xaq-iyo-sooriga ah ee ka fariistay sida [[Princess Friederike of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]], oo ku dhimatay Qasrigii Ballenstedt 1902, ama faniinka iyo qoraaga [[Wilhelm von Kügelgen]], oo gurigiisu maanta yahay maktabad. ==Syaasadda== {{update section|date=July 2021|reason=many new elections are after that}} [[File:Ballenstedt Rathausplatz 12.JPG|thumb|Aqalka magaalada]] Kuraasta golaha munisipaliteetka ({{lang|de|Stadtrat}}) ee doorashooyinkii 2004: *[[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]]: 8 (41.2%) *[[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]: 4 (18.2%) *[[Free Voters]]: 3 (12.6%) *[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]]: 3 (12.5%) *[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]: 1 (7.5%) *Madax-bannaan: 1 (5.4%) Astaanta gaashaanka waxay ka dhalatay calaamaddii Counts of Ballenstedt, oo sidoo kale ah asalka [[coat of arms of Saxony|astaanta gaashaanka ee Saxony]]. Markii ugu horreysay ee lagu muujiyay waxay ahayd 1560 ka dib markii Ballenstedt ay heshay xuquuqda magaalada. == Meelaha soo-jiidashada leh == [[File:St. Nicolai.jpg|thumb|St. Nicholas ee Altstadt 2005]] * [[Ballenstedt Castle|Qasrigii Ballenstedt]]: Dhisme Baroque ah oo laba garab leh, oo la cusbooneysiiyay qarnigii 18aad, xabaashii [[Albert I of Brandenburg|Albert the Bear]] * Parka Qasriga: wuxuu sameeyay [[Peter Joseph Lenné]]; qasriga iyo parka qasriga waxay ka tirsan yihiin mashruuca [[Saxony-Anhalt Garden Dreams]] * [[Ballenstedt Castle Theatre|Masraxa Qasrigii Ballenstedt]]: waxaa ku ciyaaray [[Albert Lortzing]] iyo [[Franz Liszt]] * Huteelka qasriga ee Großer Gasthof: markii hore waxaa la dhisay 1733 oo ahayd [[armory (military)|pooksa hubka]], waxaa converted 1756 ka socday dhisaha Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Martin Peltier de Belfort, oo loo sameeyay hoyga martida * Maktabadda Taariikhda Gobolka, oo ka soo horjeeda Großer Gasthof qaybta sare ee jidka * Guriga [[Wilhelm von Kügelgen|Kügelgen]], Kügelgenstr. 35a * Guriga Huruudda ah (''Gelbes Haus''), ee ka bixitaanka magaalada ee dhanka [[Rieder]], waxaa loo dhisay sidii guriga kastamka jidka * Allee: jid hal kiilomitir ah oo u taga qasriga, xarunta magaalada * Aqalka Magaalada ee Hore (''Altes Rathaus''): dhisme alwaax ah oo la dhisay 1683 * Aqalka Magaalada ee Mpya (''Neues Rathaus''): dhisme weyn, la dhisay 1906 oo ku batay naqshaddii dhisaha Berlin ee [[Alfred Messel]] * Kaniisadda St. Nicholas: Kaniisad Gothic ee Dambe ah, la dhisay 1326, waxay gubatay 1498, dib ayaa loo dhisay 1501 * Gidaarka magaalada, wali waxaa lagu arki karaa ''Wallstraße'' * Burjiyada gidaarka pitaha gidaarka magaalada (Oberturm, Unterturm, Marktturm – kan dambe waa la geli karaa, furuhu wuxuu ku jiraa maqaayada ka soo horjeeda) * Goobta dabbaasha, la dhisay 1907–08 * [[Teufelsmauer (Harz)]] * Dhowrka dabiiciga ah ee [[Gegensteine]] * [[Bismarck Tower (Ballenstedt)|Burjiga Bismarck]], Opperode * [[Roseburg (castle)|Qasrigii Roseburg]] * [[Oberhof Ballenstedt]] ==Gaadiidka== Ballenstedt waxay ku taallaa [[List of highways numbered 185|jidka weyn ee federaalka]] 185, oo u taga jidka federaalka 6 iyo [[Bundesautobahn 14]]. Shirkadda tareenka waxaa la joojiyay 2003. Meel yar oo shub ah oo diyaaradaha laga kaniyo waxay 5&nbsp;km (3&nbsp;mi) ku taallaa ka baxsan magaalada. ==Dadka caanka ah== ===Waxa ku dhashay Ballenstedt=== * [[Uta von Ballenstedt]] (1000 - ka hor 1046), aasaasihii [[Naumburg Cathedral]] * [[Johann Arndt]] (1555–1621), fiqi * [[Pauline zur Lippe]] (1769–1820), taliyihii Aamiirrada Lippe * [[Caroline Bardua]] (1781–1864), faniin [[File:Wilhelmine Luise Prinzessin von Preussen.jpg|thumb|150px|Wilhelmine Luise Princess ee Prussia]] * [[Princess Louise of Anhalt-Bernburg]] (1799–1882), Aamiirad ee Prussia * [[Gustav Strube]] (1867–1953), laxamiiste * [[Wilhelm von Krosigk]] (1871–1953), sarkiil ka tirsanaa [[Imperial German Navy|Ciidamada Badweynta ee Jarmalka]], taliyaha doonta, [[Rear Admiral]] * Wilhelm Thiele (1897–1990), siyaasi (NSDAP) * [[Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt]] (1898–1983), Aamiirad * [[Eduard, Prince of Anhalt]] (dhashay 1941), tan iyo 1963 madaxa guriga Anhalt-Ascania * [[Justus Pfaue]] (1942–2014), qoraa iyo filim-soo-saare * [[Eckhard Lesse]] (dhashay 1948), cayaaryahan orodka dheer ===Waxa ku dhashay Ballenstedt=== *[[Karl Christian Agthe]], laxamiiste, dhashay 16 Juun 1762 ee [[Hettstedt]], dhashay 27 Nofembar 1797 *[[Wilhelm von Kügelgen]], faniin, dhashay 20 Nofembar 1802 ee [[Saint Petersburg]], dhashay 25 Maajo 1867 *[[Wilhelm Vöge]], taariikhyahan farshaxanka, dhashay 16 Febraayo 1868 ee [[Bremen]], dhashay 30 Diseembar 1952. ==Magaalooyinka gemisiga ah== *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Kronberg im Taunus]], Jarmalka == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Ballenstedt}} * [http://www.ballenstedt-blog.de Ballenstedt-Blog.de (german)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ballenstedt-blog.de/ |date=20201025042630 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025042630/http://www.ballenstedt-blog.de/ |date=2020-10-25 }} * [https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fballenstedt-blog.de%2F&sl=de&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 Ballenstedt-Blog.de (english)] {{Authority control}} ifwqb8l29pac7ddffzdviruvcv3bb11 0 49650 303618 303393 2026-07-31T04:44:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Rathaus Barleben.jpg |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-83-040 Barleben 1993 COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|12|N|11|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Barleben in BK.png |state = |district = Börde |elevation = 44 |area = 29.73 |postal_code = 39179 |area_code = 039203 |licence = BK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 83 040 |divisions = |website = [https://www.barleben.de/ www.barleben.de] |mayor = Frank Nase<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;25 |party = CDU }} '''Barleben''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|munisipaliteot]] ku yaal [[Börde (district)|degmada Börde]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay approximately 8 km waqooyi ka xigtaa [[Magdeburg]]. ==Magaalooyinka mataanka ah — magaalooyinka walaala ee ah== {{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Barleben waxay [[town twinning|la mataanoobay]] waliba: *{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Viimsi Parish]], Estoniya<ref name=viimsi>{{cite web|title=Välissuhted|url=http://www.viimsivald.ee/index.php?id=11077|publisher=Viimsi vald|accessdate=5 March 2011|language=Estonian|archive-date=22 Bisha Todobaad 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722090040/http://www.viimsivald.ee/index.php?id=11077|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} fx4gxolptjf5hedr5dgbufo7jnmfxme 0 49699 303619 303457 2026-07-31T04:49:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Baunatal |image_coa = DEU Baunatal COA.svg |image_photo = Baunatal vom Burgberg aus.JPG |image_caption = Baunatal oo ka soo muuqata Burgberg |coordinates = {{coord|51|15|32|N|09|25|06|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Baunatal in KS.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Kassel |elevation = 210 |area = 38.27 |postal_code = 34225 |area_code = 0561, 05601, 05665 |licence = KS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 33 003 |website = [http://www.baunatal.de www.baunatal.de] |mayor = Henry Richter |party = independent }} '''Baunatal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbaʊnataːl|-|De-Baunatal.ogg}}, {{lit|Dooxada [[Bauna]]}}) waa magaalo ku taalla [[Kassel (district)|degmada Kassel]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waa magaalo nisbatan yar oo ka dhalatay ku birlabida [[Gemeinde (Germany)|munisipaliteetada]] hore u madaxbanaa ee ''Altenbauna'', ''Altenritte'', ''Großenritte'', ''Guntershausen'', ''Hertingshausen'', ''Kirchbauna'' iyo ''Rengershausen'' sannadkii 1966.<ref name="HIST">[http://www.vfhud-baunatal.de/html/baunatal.html Baunatal – aus historischer Sicht] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vfhud-baunatal.de/html/baunatal.html |date=20120425125408 }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425125408/http://www.vfhud-baunatal.de/html/baunatal.html |date=April 25, 2012 }} Verein für Heimatgeschichte und Denkmalpflege Baunatal e.V.</ref> Sannadkii 1999, magaaladu waxay martigalinisay dabbaaldegga gobolka ee 39aad ee [[Hessentag]]. ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Stadtteile von Baunatal.svg|thumb|Xaafadaha Baunatal]] ===Mawqicda juqraafiyeed=== Baunatal waxay si toos ah xadka koonfureed ugu leedahay [[Kassel]] waxayna ku taallaa ka baxsan koonfura dooxada webiga [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]]. Barta ka baxsan koonfura iyo ka baxsan waqooyi-galbeed magaaladu waxay xadka ku leedahay [[Habichtswald]] oo leh [[Baunsberg]] (413,4 m ka sareeya [[Normalhöhennull|heerka badda]]) ka baxsan waqooyiga. Baunatal waxay magaceeda ka heshay webiga [[Bauna]], oo dhex mara magaalada waqooyi-galbeed ilaa koonfur-bari ilaa uu ka galo Fulda dhow Guntershausen. ===Bulshooyinka jaarka ah=== Baunatal waxay xadka ku leedahay ka baxsan waqooyiga munisipaliteetka [[Schauenburg, Hesse|Schauenburg]] iyo degmada magaalada ee Kassel, ka baxsan bariga munisipaliteetka [[Fuldabrück]], ka baxsan koonfur-bariga munisipaliteetka [[Guxhagen]], ka baxsan koonfura munisipaliteetka [[Edermünde]] iyo ka baxsan galbeedka magaalada [[Niedenstein]]. ==Taariikhda== ''Volkswagenwerk Kassel'' waxaa lagu dhisay 1957 dhulkii hore ee shirkadda [[Henschel & Son]] ee Altenbauna.<ref name="VW">[https://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/de/pressemitteilungen/2011/03/15/volkswagen_ag_werk1.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html Presse-Basisinformationen: Volkswagen AG Werk Kassel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415174107/https://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/de/pressemitteilungen/2011/03/15/volkswagen_ag_werk1.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html |date=2012-04-15 }} - Volkswagen Media Services</ref> Sannadkii 1960, Kaliya hal sano ka dib bilowgii soo saarista, tirada shaqaaluhu waxay ka badatay 6,000. Dhaqsaha horumarkan dartiis deegaanka iyo baahida guryaha ayaa kor u kacay. Sidaas darteed saddexda munisipaliteet ee Altenbauna, Altenritte iyo Kirchbauna waxay u ku birlabeen Baunatal 1 Janaayo 1964.<ref name="HIST" /> [[File:Großenritter Kirche Winter 2025 2.jpg|thumb|Dhismayaasha alwaaxda leh waxay caan ku yihiin gobolka. ]] 1 Juuly 1966 iyadoo lagu daray Großenritte, Baunatal waxay ka heshay [[town privileges|xuquuqda magaalada]] [[Politics of Hesse|Dowladda Hesse]]. Duqii ugu dambeeyay ee magaalada cusub ee la dhisay wuxuu ahaa Horst Werner. Wakhtigan tirada dadka ku nool waxay ahayd 11,705 tirada shaqaalaha warshadda Volkswagen-na waxay ahayd ku dhawaad 13,400. 1 Oktoobar 1971 munisipaliteetka Hertingshausen wuxuu ku dhiiraday Baunatal. 1 Agoosto 1972 ugu dambeyntii munisipaliteetka Buchenhagen, oo ahaa birlabidii Guntershausen iyo Rengershausen, wuxuu ku dhiiraday Baunatal. Dadka Baunatal waxay ahaayeen ku dhawaad 19,300 sannadkii 1972. Hada ({{#formatdate:{{Population Germany|key=06|datref=STAND}}|dmy}}) tirada dadka ku nool waa {{formatnum:{{Population Germany|key=06633003}} }}.<ref>{{Population Germany|key=06|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> ==Gaadiidka== Baunatal waxay ku xiriirsan tahay magaalada [[Kassel]]iyadoo la isticmaalayo [[tram|taraamka]] iyo [[bus|baska]].<ref>[http://www.kvg.de/fileadmin/kvg/dokumente/Plaene/haltestellen/baunatal.pdf Haltestellenübersichtsplan Baunatal Stadtmitte] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kvg.de/fileadmin/kvg/dokumente/Plaene/haltestellen/baunatal.pdf |date=20111125224951 }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125224951/http://www.kvg.de/fileadmin/kvg/dokumente/Plaene/haltestellen/baunatal.pdf |date=November 25, 2011 }} - Kasseler Verkehrs-Gesellschaft AG</ref> Magaaladu sidoo kale waxay leedahay iyada [[Public transport bus service|shabakadda baska]] oo loo yaqaan ''StadtBus Baunatal'' oo ay maamusho ''Regionalverkehr Kurhessen GmbH (RKH)''.<ref>[http://www.nvv.de/stadtbus_baunatal.html StadtBus im Überblick] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118102021/http://www.nvv.de/stadtbus_baunatal.html |date=2012-01-18 }}- Nordhessischer VerkehrsVerbund</ref> Sido kale qeybaha Rengershausen iyo Gunterhausen waxay ku xiriirsan yihiin [[Deutsche Bahn|shabakadda tareenka qaranka]] waxayna siiyaan xiriirka [[Main–Weser Railway]] iyo [[Frederick William Northern Railway]] iyadoo la isticmaalayo ''[[Stadtbahn#Regionalstadtbahn|RegioTram Kassel]]''. Baunatal waxay ku xiriirsan tahay [[German autobahns|jidadka waaweyn]] [[Bundesautobahn 7|A 7]], [[Bundesautobahn 44|A 44]] iyo [[Bundesautobahn 49|A 49]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha magaalada=== [[2021 Hessian local elections|Doorashadii deegaanka ee dhacday 14 Mearso 2021]] waxay bixisay natiijooyinkan soo socda:<ref>{{cite web|title=Wahlergebnisse|url=https://www.baunatal.de/de/rathaus-politik/ihre-stadt/statistik/wahlergebnisse.php|website=baunatal.de|publisher=Baunatal|language=de|accessdate=2022-01-09|archive-date=2022-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109105320/https://www.baunatal.de/de/rathaus-politik/ihre-stadt/statistik/wahlergebnisse.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" | '''Xisbiyada iyo bulshooyinka codbixiyayaasha''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2021''' |align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2021''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2016''' |align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2016''' |---- |SPD |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] |align="right" |50.9 |align="right" |23 |align="right" |61.4 |align="right" |27 |---- |CDU |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] |align="right" |21.7 |align="right" |10 |align="right" |19.6 |align="right" |9 |---- |GREENS |[[Alliance '90/The Greens]] |align="right" |19.5 |align="right" |9 |align="right" |10.5 |align="right" |5 |---- |FDP |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] |align="right" |8.0 |align="right" |3 |align="right" |8.5 |align="right" |4 |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Wadarta''' |align="right" |100 |align="right" |45 |align="right" |100 |align="right" |45 |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Iska soo baxa codbixiyayaasha oo % ah''' |colspan="2" align="right" |42.8 |colspan="2" align="right" |46.2 |} ===Duqayda=== Duqayda Baunatal tan iyo 1 Juuly 1966: * Horst Werner * Martin Hesse * Hans Joachim Pioch * Heinz Grenacher * Manfred Schaub * Silke Engler * Manuela Strube * Henry Richter ==Dhaqanka== ===Stadtmuseum=== Stadtmuseum waa matxaf taariikhda deegaanka ah oo ku yaal Baunatal-Altenritte. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee matxafku waa taariikhda qarnigii 20aad gaar ahaan mowduucyadan: dhismihii tareenka ee ugu horreeyay, taariikhda warshadda hubka ee Henschel & Son, nolol maalmeedka waqtigii naasiga, taariikhda warshadda Volkswagen tan iyo 1957, horumarka magaalada ee Baunatal tan iyo 1966. ===Heimatmuseum Hessenstube=== Heimatmusesum waa matxaf taariikhda deegaanka ah oo ku yaal Baunatal-Altenritte. Matxafku wuxuu bixiyaa aragti ku saabsan nolosha iyo jawiga shaqada ee dadka tuulooyinkii hore ee Baunatal laga bilaabo dhamaadkii qarnigii 19aad ilaa bilowgii qarnigii 20aad. Matxafku wuxuu soo bandhigaa shuruudaha guryaha miyiga, goobta birta ee taariikhiga ah iyo meelaha shaqada ee taariikhiga ah ee nijaariinta, kabatalliyeyaasha iyo xirfadlayaasha alwaaxda. ===Dorothea Viehmann=== Baunatal waa meeshii ay ka soo jeeday sheeko-sheegeeda caanka ah ee [[Dorothea Viehmann]]. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu muhiimsan ee sheekooyinka xariirta ee [[Brothers Grimm]]. Dorothea Viehmann waxay u dhalatay Katharina Dorothea Pierson 8 Nofeembar 1755 ee Rengershausen. ===Hünstein=== Hünstein waa taallada dhaqanka ah oo ku taalla Baunatal-Großenritte. [[menhir|Dhagaxa keliga ah]] oo ka kooban [[quartzite]] wuxuu ahaa goobta kulannada cibaadada intii lagu jiray qarnigii 4aad iyo 3aad C.H. Halqabsiga wuxuu leeyahay in qof weyn uu ka soo hoday dhagaxa keliga ah [[Hirzstein]]-ka dhow iyadoo la rajaynayo in lagu burburiyo munaaraddii Kaniisadda ee Kirchbauna.<ref>[http://www.grossenritte.de/huenstein.html Der Hünstein] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425125408/http://www.grossenritte.de/huenstein.html |date=April 25, 2012 }} - grossenritte.de</ref> ==Warshadaha== Baunatal waxay caan ku tahay warshadda [[Volkswagen]], oo ah tan labaad oo ugu weyn calaamadda oo leh 13,500 shaqaale. Warshaddu ma dhisayso gaadiidka laakiin waxay gaarsiisaa qaybaha iyo kulammada dhismayaasha kale ee shirkadda. Qaybta ganacsiga waxay u qaybsantaa inta badan qaybahan soo socda: [[gear manufacturing|soo saarista qalabka gaadiidka]], [[foundry|dhalaalinta birta]], [[exhaust systems|nidaamyada qiiqa]], [[Coachwork|riixista jirka gaariga]], Original Teile Center (xarunta qaybaha asalka ah), Volkswagen [[vocational education|tababarka xirfadda]]. Dhulku wuxuu leeyahay wadarta dhul ee {{convert|2404737|m2|0|abbr=on}} wuxuuna si toos ah uga xiriirsan yahay shabakadda tareenka iyo wadada weyn ee A 49.<ref name="VW" /> Sannadkii Juun 2015, robot ayaa dilay nin ka mid ah xarunta Volkswagen, oo loo aamminsan yahay inuu ahaa ka dhalatay khalad aadanaha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/robot-kills-man-at-volkswagen-plant-in-germany/ar-AAcrq3c |title=Robot kills man at Volkswagen plant in Germany |website=[[MSN]] |accessdate=2015-07-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702182412/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/robot-kills-man-at-volkswagen-plant-in-germany/ar-AAcrq3c |archivedate=2015-07-02 }}</ref> ==Isboortiga== Baunatal waxay martigalisaa kooxaha iyo kooxaha isboortiga ee soo socda: * [[KSV Baunatal]] (tusaale [[Association football|kubbadda cagta]], [[team handball|kubbadda gacanta]]) * [[Eintracht Baunatal|GSV Eintracht Baunatal]] (tusaale kubbadda cagta, kubbadda gacanta) * Pinguine Baunatal ([[Inline hockey]]) ==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah – magaalooyinka walaalaha ah== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Baunatal waxay [[Sister city|mataan tahay]] oo leh:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte|url=https://www.baunatal.de/de/rathaus-politik/ihre-stadt/partnerstaedte/|website=baunatal.de|publisher=Baunatal|language=de|accessdate=2019-11-27}}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Vire-Normandie]], Faransiiska (1983) *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Sangerhausen]], Jarmalka (1990) *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[San Sebastián de los Reyes]], Isbayn (1990) *{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Vrchlabí]], Jamhuuriyadda Tseke (1991) *{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Caterham]], Boqortooyada Midowday (2016) Muuqaal xusidda mataanaynta Baunatal waxaa jira ''Avenida de Baunatal'' (Af-Ingiriisi: ''Baunatal Avenue'') ee San Sebastián de los Reyes. Sidoo kale, hal xarun oo ka mid ah [[Line 10 (Madrid Metro)|Lainka 10 ee Metro-ga Madrid]] waxaa loogu magac daray Avenida-kan. Maadaama oo magaca "Avenida" inta badan laga tago, xaruntu si fudud waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Baunatal (Madrid Metro)|Baunatal]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nznu1l2jzwdfbunb6g0crb34fb3se0v 0 49700 303620 303458 2026-07-31T04:54:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Bausendorf-k.JPG |coordinates = {{coord|50|00|56|N|06|59|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bausendorf in WIL.svg |state = |district = Bernkastel-Wittlich |Verbandsgemeinde = Traben-Trarbach |elevation = 177 |area = 11.86 |postal_code = 54538 |area_code = 06532 |licence = WIL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 31 004 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.bausendorf.de/ www.bausendorf.de] |mayor = Hans-Peter Heck<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 8 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bausendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbaʊzn̩dɔʁf}}; sidoo kale deegaanka lagu yaqaanno ''Bausendorf-Olkenbach'') waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah meel ay ku midoobeen munisipaliteetooyin – oo ku taalla [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Goobta fasaxa ee Bausendorf oo leh xarunteeda dibadda ah ee Olkenbach waxaa laga helaa iyadoo hoos ku sheltered ah ee kaynta ballaaran ee [[Kondelwald]] ee koonfurta [[Eifel]] ee dooxada hoose ee [[Alf (river)|Alf]]. Dhulka munisipaliteetka waa 54.5% kaymo. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Traben-Trarbach (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Traben-Trarbach]]. == Taariikhda == Bilaabashadii 1794, Bausendorf waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunkii [[France|Faransiiska]], ka dibna 1814 tuulada waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Tan iyo 1947, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] markaas cusub ee la dhisay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. ''Ortsgemeinde''-da maanta waxay ku dhalatay qaabdhismeedka dib-u-habaynta maamulka iyadoo la dhiirageliyay birlabidii munisipaliteetadii hore u kala saarnaa ee Bausendorf iyo Olkenbach 7 Juun 1969. == Siyaasadda == Golaha munisipaliteetka wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 xubnood oo golaha ah, oo lagu doortay [[proportional representation|wakiilnimada saamiga]] doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. Doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009 waxay bixisay natiijooyinkan soo socda:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2310200400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> {| class="wikitable" width="500" ! Sannadka || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || Steinmetz || Zukunft || Wadarta |- align="center" | 2009 || 3 || 7 || 6 || 16 kuraasta |} [[Image:Bausendorf, kerk 2009-08-05 13.46.JPG|thumb|left|220px|Bausendorf, kaniisadda]] == Dhaqanka iyo booqashada == ''St. Bartholomäus Wallfahrtskirche Heinzerath'' (“Kaniisadda Xajka ee Saint Bartholomew ee Heinzerath”) ee ku taalla xarunta dibadda ee Olkenbach waxay ku taallaa xeebta Alf. Inhabitants-ka [[Eifel]]-ka dhow, dhexda [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]] iyo “Dooxada Wittlich” (''Wittlicher Tal'') waxay xaj sannad kasta ku tagaan kaniisaddan waqtiga goosashada. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kabayaasha == Bausendorf waxay leedahay xarun [[daycare|xanaanada]] iyo [[primary school|skuul hoose]]. Waxay sidoo kale leedahay [[bakery|roodhida]], wakaalad boosto, laba dukaanka ku takhasusay korontada, dukaanka hilibka iyo saddex dukaanka gaadiidka. Sidoo kale munisipaliteetka dhex mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 49. Ka baxsan galbeedka waxaa dhex mara [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 1|A&nbsp;1]]. Ee [[Ürzig]] waxaa ku yaal [[railway station|xarunta tareenka]] ee ''Moselstrecke'' (Lainka Moselle). == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Bausendorf}} *[http://www.bausendorf-olkenbach.de/ Munisipaliteetka bogga rasmiga ah]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} ow7y7v7vwl5xw0qn7ngv9vwrldlzwcm 0 49703 303621 303461 2026-07-31T04:54:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bayrischzell COA.svg |image_photo = Bayrischzell.jpg |image_caption = Bayrischzell |coordinates = {{coord|47|40|N|12|01|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bayrischzell in MB.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Miesbach |elevation = 800 |area = 79.45 |postal_code = 83735 |area_code = 08023 |licence = MB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 82 112 |website = [http://www.bayrischzell.de/ www.bayrischzell.de] |mayor = Georg Kittenrainer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Bayrischzell''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbaɪʁɪʃˌtsɛl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ka tirsan degmada [[Miesbach (district)|Miesbach]] ee [[Bavaria|Bafaariya]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Bayrischzell waxay ku taallaa [[Mangfallgebirge]] ee u dhaxeysa [[Schliersee]] ee galbeedka iyo [[Oberaudorf]] ee bariga. Waxay ku taallaa hoosta buurta [[Wendelstein (mountain)|Wendelstein]], hoosta [[Sudelfeld]] iyo ka hooseysa marinka Sudelfeld. Waxay ku taallaa ka bixitaanka waqooyi ee [[Ursprungtal]]. Waxay {{convert|23|km|mi}} koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Miesbach]], {{convert|25|km|mi}} waqooyi-galbeed ka xigtaa [[Kufstein]], {{convert|20|km|mi}} galbeed ka xigtaa Oberaudorf. Galbeedka munisipaliteetka, oo dhow xadka munisipaliteetka Schliersee, waa [[Taubensteinhaus]] oo ku taal {{convert|1567|m|ft}} oo dherer ah. ==Xaafadaha== Bayrischzell waxay leedahay 15 xaafadood oo la tilmaamay:<ref>[http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html?val=377&attr=590&modus=automat&tempus=20130629/182913&hodie=20130629/183100 Bayerische Landesbibliothek online – Ortsdatenbank]</ref> {{div col|colwidth=18em}} * Bäckeralpe * Bayrischzell * Dorf * Geitau * Hochkreut * Klarer * Klarermühl * Kloo * Niederhofen * Noidach * Osterhofen * Riedler * Sudelfeld * [[Wendelsteinhaus]] * Zipflwirt {{div col end}} <!-- == Wappen == --> ==Taariikhda== Calaamado u dhaxeeya 500 iyo 700 AD ayaa dhul nadiafin lagu sameeyay deegaanka munisipaliteetka maanta. Sannadkii 1076 kaniisad yar oo leh kaniisadda Margarethe waxaa aasaasay Haziga, oo ahayd xaaskii Palatine Count Otto II, oo ka soo jeeda Scheyern-Wittelsbach. Sannadkii 1079 Tani waxaa loo baddalay kaniisad kaash ah, laakiin marka ay ahayd 1085 waxaa loo raray [[Fischbachau]]. Iyadoo ku dhowaanshaheeda [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]], Bayrischzell waxay ahayd goobta dhowr iskadhac hubaal ah oo ka dhacay labada [[War of the Spanish Succession|dagaal ee isku-xiga ee Isbania]] iyo [[War of the Austrian Succession|Awstriya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Napoleonic Wars|Dagaalladii Napoléon]] iyo iskadhacyada ilaalada buuraha deegaanka ee Tyroleans. Sannadkii 1811/12 xujada (ama xujada Margarethe) waxaa loo sameeyay [[parish|parish]] madaxbaddan. Tan iyo 1832, magaalada waxaa si rasmi ah loo callaamadiyay Bayrischzell. 5/6 Diseembar 1846 "Haberfeldtreiben" ayaa ka dhacay, oo ay ka qaybqaateen ka badan 100 ka mid ah. Markii la gaaray 1900 dalxiiska ayaa bilaabay inuu kobco. Calaamadda dharka ee qaabkeeda maanta waxay ka jirtay tan iyo 1959, iyadoo leh dheeman lacag ah oo xusuusinaya xiriirka taariikhiga ah ee dhow oo lagu leeyahay [[Wittelsbachs]]. Laga bilaabo 1900 tareen ayaa lagu dhisay lafaha [[Leitzachtal]], oo ka bilaabanaya [[Munich]] ilaa Bayrischzell oo sii maraya [[Westerham]]. 1 Oktoobar 1911, xarunta ugu dambeysa ee tareenka Schliersee-Bayrischzell waxay gashay shaqo.<ref>http://gemeinde.bayrischzell.de/gemeinde/geschichte-chronik.html {{Wayback|url=http://gemeinde.bayrischzell.de/gemeinde/geschichte-chronik.html |date=20161023063245 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023063245/http://gemeinde.bayrischzell.de/gemeinde/geschichte-chronik.html |date=2016-10-23 }} Gemeindegeschichte</ref> Sannadkii 1970ka Wendelstein Cable Car ayaa la dhammaystiray. ==Kuwani kale== Fadhiga Isboortiga Jaamacadda Jarmalka (Arbeitsgemeinschaft deutscher Sportreferenten) waxaa la aasaasay sannadkii 1948 ee Bayrischzell xitaa ka hor Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee 2 Epreel 1948 ee Bayrischzell.<ref>[http://www.adh.de/ueber-uns/daten-und-fakten/geschichte.html Geschichte] {{Wayback|url=http://www.adh.de/ueber-uns/daten-und-fakten/geschichte.html |date=20140819085405 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085405/http://www.adh.de/ueber-uns/daten-und-fakten/geschichte.html |date=2014-08-19 }} auf www.adh.de</ref> Habeenkii 26 Juun 2006 buurta {{convert|1500|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} Kümpflalm oo dhow [[Rotwand (Bavaria)|Rotwand]], dhabaha maabka [[Bear JJ1|Bruno]] waxaa dilay laba ugaarsato iyo askari boolis ah risaas wadnaha ah meel {{convert|150|m|ft}} ah. Wuxuu ka yimid Talyaaniga oo sii maray Tyrol Majo 2006. Dhabaha la buuxiyay wuxuu ka muuqdaa tan iyo Epreel 2008 [[Museum of Man and Nature]]. Sida ku xusan baaritaan ay sameysay ATS (Alpenregion Tegernsee Schliersee), Bayrischzell waa magaalada ugu nolosha fiican degmada Miesbach Dayrtii 2007, agaasime Rainer Kaufmann wuxuu filimiyay filimka telefishanka ''[[The best comes first]]'' ee ZDF. 1980-yadii ''Heirs to be learned'' waxaa lagu filimiyay Bayrischzell. ==Xirfaha Firaaqada iyo Isboortiga== Sudelfeld-ka jaarka ah oo leh 19 wiishasha barafka iyo dhowr {{convert|31|km|mi}} oo wadooyinka barafka ah ee loo diyaariyay waa mid ka mid ah gobollada barafka ku ciyaara ee ugu caansan Alps-ka Bafaariya iyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn gobolka barafka ee Jarmalka. Waxaa laga gaari karaa tuulada wiishka kursiga. Wendelstein waxaa laga gaari karaa wiishka fiilada ee ka bilaabanaya [[Osterhofen]] tan iyo 1970. Gobolka barafka ku ciyaara ee Wendelstein oo leh {{convert|10|km|mi}} oo buuro ah waa sir ugu weyn ee ciyaartoyda khibrada leh. Darafka tuulada waxaa ku yaal barkadda dabaasha ee hawada furan oo kulul, "Alpenfreibad Bayrischzell". Waxaa sidoo kale jira garoomo tennis, garoon mini golf ah iyo jiilaalka garoon baraf ah iyo garoon curling ah. In Geitau, oo ku taal darafka galbeed ee munisipaliteetka, waxaa ku taalla garoonka diyaaradaha ee Geitau, oo ay maamusho LSC Schliersee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lsc-schliersee.de/ |title=Home |website=lsc-schliersee.de}}</ref> ===Xarunta DSV Nordic active=== Jiilaalka, {{convert|96|km|mi}} oo wadooyinka la hagaajiyay ayaa loo heli karaa ciyaarta barafka. Xagaaga waxaa jira {{convert|28|km|mi}} oo wadooyinka socodka Nordic ah oo la calaamadiyay. ==Dhaqanka iyo waxyaabaha caanka ah== * [[St. Margareth (Bayrischzell)|Pfarrkirche St. Margareth]], oo lagu dhisay 1733, oo leh waxyaabo badan oo Farshaxan ah oo ay samayeeyeen rinjiilayaal deegaanka ah. ==Shakhsiyaadka== ===Ku dhashay Bayrischzell=== * [[Rolf Langenfass]] (1944–2012), naqshadeeyaha dharka iyo goobta * [[Felix von Manteuffel]] (dhashay 1945), jilaa * [[Alexander Vogelgsang]] (dhashay 1944), siyaasi (SPD) ===Shakhsiyaadka kale ee u dhawaa Bayrischzell=== * [[Ida zur Nieden]] (1886–1981), fanaanad, ku geeriyootay halkaas ==Muuqaallada== <gallery> Bayrischzell Wendelstein.JPG|Muuqaal ka soo bilaabanaya Sudelfeld dhanka Wendelstein 4921f1fdc0.jpg|Bayrischzell Bayrischzell 1.jpg|Sawirka hawada ee Bayrischzell Bahnhof Bayrischzell.JPG|Xarunta tareenka ee Bayrischzell </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{commons}} {{Authority control}} 79u4z2nuwzzuz2bnlza19sdo8lzi452 0 49718 303622 303476 2026-07-31T04:56:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Beendorf Schulplatz 12 Bauernhof.jpg |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-83-060 Beendorf COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|14|32|N|11|5|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beendorf in BK.png |state = |district = Börde |Verbandsgemeinde = Flechtingen |elevation = 130 |area = 6.83 |postal_code = 39343 |area_code = 039050 |licence = BK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 83 060 |mayor = Hagen Friedrichs<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Beendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːndɔʁf}}) waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Börde (district)|degmada Börde]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt|Saksonta-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Waqtiga [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dhuunida]], [[Nazi concentration camps|xerada ururinta ee Naasiga]] waxaa lagu aasaasay Beendorf.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff |title=Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG |publisher=[[Federal Ministry of Justice (Germany)|Bundesministerium der Justiz]] |date=1967-02-23 |accessdate=2009-04-14 |url=http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html |quote=556 Helmstedt-Beendorf, bis 10.4.1945 Neuengamme |language=German |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423004151/http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html |archivedate=23 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxay ahayd xera yar oo ka tirsan [[Neuengamme concentration camp|xerada ururinta ee Neuengamme]]. Laga bilaabo Febraayo 1944 ilaa Abriil 1945, takriban 2,500 oo dumar ah ayaa lagu qasbay inay ka shaqeeyaan god. Waxay qayb ka ahayd warshadaha hantida ee [[Luftwaffe|Lufawafiyada]] Jarmalka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Konzentrationslager Neuengamme |url=http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/index.php?id=12 |publisher=KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme |accessdate=2009-04-14 |language=German}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.ok.shuttle.de/ok/stein-gym/kz.htm Bogga xusuusta xerada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ok.shuttle.de/ok/stein-gym/kz.htm |date=20090201070838 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201070838/http://www.ok.shuttle.de/ok/stein-gym/kz.htm |date=2009-02-01 }} {{Authority control}} 80xby1utk24vkh99xtiuk0panlrqexx 10 49737 303508 2026-07-30T12:34:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303508 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Cite Q|cite_q|qid={{{1|{{{qid|}}}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 31r8c6dbxzs4zvgqeap88a2j8vlm85g 10 49738 303509 2026-07-30T12:35:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303509 wikitext text/x-wiki <span title="Name at birth">[[Birth name#Maiden and married names|née]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|&nbsp;{{trim|{{{1|}}}}}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> hb80dul63t5xpd86yi6lp7zq9791y70 10 49739 303510 2026-07-30T12:35:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303510 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span style="color: {{#invoke:Political party|fetch|{{{1|}}}|color}};">▌</span></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> rx2d6tnu0qers3cj7l1c0w8mfetvh2m 10 49740 303511 2026-07-30T12:36:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303511 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">[[Special:Preferences|{{int:mypreferences}}]]{{#switch: {{lc:{{{1|}}}}} |0 |user profile=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal|{{int:prefs-personal}}]] |1 |appearance=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|{{int:prefs-rendering}}]] |2 |date and time=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-datetime|Date and time]] |3 |editing=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|{{int:prefs-editing}}]] |4 |recent changes=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rc|{{int:prefs-rc}}]] |5 |watchlist=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|{{int:prefs-watchlist}}]] |6 |search=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|{{int:prefs-searchoptions}}]] |8 |pending changes=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-flaggedrevs|Pending changes]] |9 |gadgets=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|{{int:prefs-gadgets}}]] |10 |notifications=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|{{int:prefs-echo}}]] |11 |beta|beta features=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}]] |7 |12 |misc=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-misc|Misc]] |banners=&nbsp;→ [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|{{int:prefs-centralnotice-banners}}]] }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&nbsp;→ {{Preferences/section|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}|}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;= {{{3}}}|{{#if:{{{uncheck|}}}|&nbsp;→ {{nowrap|{{MediaWiki checkbox|no}} {{wrap|{{{uncheck}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{check|}}}|&nbsp;→ {{nowrap|{{MediaWiki checkbox}} {{wrap|{{{check}}}}}}}|}}}}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> lpkgeno5y0do84x15gxzcot1jk7ufwn 10 49741 303512 2026-07-30T12:37:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303512 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Adjacent stations|station}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> mm42f9ytujkp11dyp3dg9ka6ls57mod 828 49742 303513 2026-07-30T12:37:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: --[[--------------------------< I 1 8 N _ T >----------------------------------- settings definitions for i18n ]] local i18n_t = { ["cite_q"] = "{{cite Q|", ["erratum"] = "(erratum)", ["unknown-author"] = mw.wikibase.getLabel("Q4233718"):gsub("^%l", mw.ustring.upper), ["wdq"] = "[[WDQ (identifier)|Wikidata]]", -- go through "WDQ (identifier)" redirect to reduce clutter in "What links here" and improve reverse lookup. Keep in sync with {{QID}}. ["wikisource"] = "enwikisour... 303513 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< I 1 8 N _ T >----------------------------------- settings definitions for i18n ]] local i18n_t = { ["cite_q"] = "{{cite Q|", ["erratum"] = "(erratum)", ["unknown-author"] = mw.wikibase.getLabel("Q4233718"):gsub("^%l", mw.ustring.upper), ["wdq"] = "[[WDQ (identifier)|Wikidata]]", -- go through "WDQ (identifier)" redirect to reduce clutter in "What links here" and improve reverse lookup. Keep in sync with {{QID}}. ["wikisource"] = "enwikisource", ["errors"] = { ["local-article-not-found"] = "Local article not found.", ["no-label-or-title"] = "No label or title -- debug: ", }, ["months"] = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" }, ["ordinal"] = { [1] = "st", [2] = "nd", [3] = "rd", ["default"] = "th" }, ["trackingcats"] = { ["erratum"] = "[[Category:Cite Q - cites a work with an erratum]]", ["missing-wikidata"] = "[[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]]", -- TODO: point to a {{cite q}}-specific category; this one is specific to Module:WikidataIB ['no-label-or-title'] = '[[Category:Cite Q - missing label or title]]', ["retracted"] = "[[Category:Cite Q - cites a retracted work]]<!-- retracted -->", ["replaced"] = "[[Category:Cite Q - cites a replaced work]]<!-- replaced -->", ["unknown-author"] = "", -- [[Category:Cite Q - author unknown]] removed as misplaced; someone is welcome to restore it if it is placed outside of the template parameter value ["unknown-template"] = "[[Category:Cite Q - template unknown]]", }, } --[[----------------< S I M P L E _ P R O P E R T I E S _ T >------------------- Table of simple properties that can be fetched in roughly the same way: id = PXXX maxvals = maximum number of multiple values (0 for all) linked = "no" suppresses linking populate_from_journal = true/false determines whether to look in a journal where the source is published rank = "best", "preferred", normal, etc. determines how Wikidata ranks are treated others = true - the value for the property goes to "others" section ]] local simple_properties_t = { publisher = {id = "P123", maxvals = 1}, oclc = {id = "P243", maxvals = 1}, ['publication-place'] = {id = "P291", maxvals = 0, linked = 'no'}, -- publication place (don't put into |place=; is treated specially in {{citation}} if both are given) doi = {id = "P356", maxvals = 1}, -- take care of |doi-broken-date= (WD "reason for deprecation"/"stated as") and |doi-access= (WD "access status")? issue = {id = "P433", maxvals = 0, populate_from_journal = true}, -- distinguish from |number= ("P1545"?) if both are given (still blocked by {{citation}}, but will be supported in the future) pmid = {id = "P698", maxvals = 1}, arxiv = {id = "P818", maxvals = 1}, bibcode = {id = "P819", maxvals = 1}, -- take care of |bibcode-access=? jstor = {id = "P888", maxvals = 1}, -- take care of |jstor-access=? mr = {id = "P889", maxvals = 1}, rfc = {id = "P892", maxvals = 1}, zbl = {id = "P894", maxvals = 1}, ssrn = {id = "P893", maxvals = 1}, place = {id = "P1071", maxvals = 0, linked = 'no'}, -- written-at place s2cid = {id = "P8299", maxvals = 1}, -- take care of |s2cid-access=? pmc = {id = "P932", maxvals = 1}, -- take care of |pmc-embargo-date= (WD "reason for deprecation")? lccn = {id = "P1144", maxvals = 1}, hdl = {id = "P1184", maxvals = 1}, -- take care of |hdl-access=? ismn = {id = "P1208", maxvals = 1}, journal = {id = "P1433", maxvals = 1}, citeseerx = {id = "P3784", maxvals = 1}, osti = {id = "P3894", maxvals = 1}, -- take care of |osti-access=? biorxiv = {id = "P3951", maxvals = 1}, asin = {id = "P5749", maxvals = 1}, -- What about |asin-tld=? (WD examples resolve to .com at present, but may change) ['article-number'] = {id = "P2322", maxvals = 1, populate_from_journal = true}, isbn = {id = "P212", maxvals = 1, populate_from_journal = true}, -- ISBN 13 issn = {id = "P236", maxvals = 1, populate_from_journal = true}, -- distinguish from |eissn= for electronic issues? -- jfm = {id = "P?", maxvals = 1}, -- Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik (not Zbl) -- sbn = {id = "P?", maxvals = 1}, -- Standard Book Number (predecessor of ISBN, not ICCU) -- message-id = {id = "P?", maxvals = 1}, -- Usenet message ID chapter = {id = "P792", maxvals = 1}, ['publication-date'] = {id = "P577", maxvals = 1, populate_from_journal = true}, -- publication date (don't use |date=; is treated specially in {{citation}} if both are given.) series = {id = "P179", maxvals = 1, populate_from_journal = true}, version = {id = "P348", maxvals = 0}, edition = {id = "P393", maxvals = 0}, volume = {id = "P478", maxvals = 0, populate_from_journal = true}, -- part = {id = "P1545"?, maxvals = 0}, -- to be added to {{citation}} / COinS &rft.part= title = {id = "P1476", rank="p n"}, -- url = {id = "P953", maxvals = 1}, -- deal with this along with archive-url pages = {id = "P304", maxvals = 0, populate_from_journal = true}, at = {id = "P958", maxvals = 0, populate_from_journal = true}, -- also incorporate lines (P7421) and columns (P3903) into this (cite map also supports |section=) -- sheets = {id = "P7416", maxvals = 0, populate_from_journal = true}, -- interviewer = {id = "P?", maxvals = 0}, -- does **not** go to "others" section! Multiple interviewers should be n-enumerated illustrator = {id = "P110", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section -- foreword and afterword, when contributions to another author's work, are contributions so belong in |contribution=; -- the writer's name goes in |contributor=; requires |title= and |author= -- However, this might need to add support for multiple contributors and their roles to {{citation}}, see Help_talk:Citation_Style_1#Others -- foreword = {id = "P2679", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section -- afterword = {id = "P2680", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section composer = {id = "P86", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section animator = {id = "P6942", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section director = {id = "P57", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section screenwriter = {id = "P58", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section signatory = {id = "P1891", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section presenter = {id = "P371", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section performer = {id = "P175", maxvals = 10, others = true}, -- goes to "others" section } --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { i18n_t = i18n_t, simple_properties_t = simple_properties_t, } jpebza3azvq70hmo619nqicv359kbgi 828 49743 303514 2026-07-30T12:38:26Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require('strict') local wdib = require('Module:WikidataIB') local getValue = wdib._getValue local _getPropOfProp = wdib._getPropOfProp local followQid = wdib._followQid local getPropertyIDs = wdib._getPropertyIDs local cite_cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Cite/config') local cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Cite_Q/config') local cs1_module = 'Module:Citation/CS1' -- don't load the module yet, may not be needed ----------------------------------------------------------------------... 303514 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local wdib = require('Module:WikidataIB') local getValue = wdib._getValue local _getPropOfProp = wdib._getPropOfProp local followQid = wdib._followQid local getPropertyIDs = wdib._getPropertyIDs local cite_cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Cite/config') local cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Cite_Q/config') local cs1_module = 'Module:Citation/CS1' -- don't load the module yet, may not be needed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- makeOrdinal needs to be internationalised along with cfg.i18n_t -- takes cardinal number as a numeric and returns the ordinal as a string -- we need three exceptions in English for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 21st, .. 31st, etc. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local makeOrdinal = function(cardinal) local card = tonumber(cardinal) if not card then return cardinal end local ordsuffix = cfg.i18n_t.ordinal.default if card % 10 == 1 then ordsuffix = cfg.i18n_t.ordinal[1] elseif card % 10 == 2 then ordsuffix = cfg.i18n_t.ordinal[2] elseif card % 10 == 3 then ordsuffix = cfg.i18n_t.ordinal[3] end -- In English, 1, 21, 31, etc. use 'st', but 11, 111, etc. use 'th' -- similarly for 12 and 13, etc. if (card % 100 == 11) or (card % 100 == 12) or (card % 100 == 13) then ordsuffix = cfg.i18n_t.ordinal.default end return card .. ordsuffix end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function is_set( var ) return not (var == nil or var == '') end --[[--------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >-------------------------------------------------------------- Whether needle is in haystack (taken from Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities) ]] local function in_array( needle, haystack ) if needle == nil then return false end for n, v in ipairs( haystack ) do if v == needle then return n end end return false end --[[--------------------------< A C C E P T _ V A L U E >------------------------------------------------------- Accept WD value by framing in ((...)) if param_val is equal to keyword; else pass-through WD value as is. ]] local function accept_value( param_val, wd_val ) local val = param_val if val then if in_array (val, {'accept', '))((', ':d:'}) then val = '((' .. wd_val .. '))' elseif '((accept))' == val then val = 'accept' elseif '(())(())' == val then val = '))((' elseif '((:d:))' == val then val = ':d:' else val = wd_val end end return val end -- function to fetch a value to display local function makelink(v, out, link, maxpos, wdl) local label if v.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then if v.mainsnak.datatype == "wikibase-item" then local qnumber = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qnumber) if qnumber == "Q2818964" then sitelink = nil end -- suppress link to "Various authors" if v.qualifiers and v.qualifiers.P1932 then label = v.qualifiers.P1932[1].datavalue.value else label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(qnumber) if label then label = mw.text.nowiki(label) else label = qnumber -- should add tracking category end end local position = maxpos + 1 -- Default to 'next' author. -- use P1545 (series ordinal) instead of default position. if v["qualifiers"] and v.qualifiers["P1545"] and v.qualifiers["P1545"][1] then position = tonumber(v.qualifiers["P1545"][1].datavalue.value) end maxpos = math.max(maxpos, position) if sitelink then -- just the plain name, -- but keep a record of the links, using the same index out[position] = label link[position] = sitelink else if wdl then -- show that there's a Wikidata entry available out[position] = string.format( "[[:d:Q%s|%s]]&nbsp;<span title='%s'>[[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|16px|alt=|link=]]</span>", v.mainsnak.datavalue.value["numeric-id"], label, cfg.i18n_t["errors"]["local-article-not-found"] ) else -- no Wikidata links wanted, so just give the plain label out[position] = label end end elseif v.mainsnak.datatype == "string" then local position = maxpos + 1 -- Default to 'next' author. -- use P1545 (series ordinal) instead of default position. if v["qualifiers"] and v.qualifiers["P1545"] and v.qualifiers["P1545"][1] then position = tonumber(v.qualifiers["P1545"][1].datavalue.value) end maxpos = math.max(maxpos, position) out[position] = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value else -- not a wikibase-item or a string! end else -- code here if we want to return something when author is "unknown" if v.qualifiers and v.qualifiers.P1932 then label = v.qualifiers.P1932[1].datavalue.value else label = cfg.i18n_t["unknown-author"] .. (cfg.i18n_t.trackingcats["unknown-author"] or "") end maxpos = maxpos + 1 out[maxpos] = label end return maxpos end --[=[-------------------------< G E T _ N A M E _ L I S T >---------------------------------------------------- get_name_list -- adapted from getAuthors code taken from Module:RexxS arguments: nl_type - type of name list to fetch: nl_type = 'author' for authors; 'editor' for editors; 'translator' for translators args - pointer to the parameter arguments table from the template call qid - value from |qid= parameter; the Q-id of the source (book, etc.) in qid wdl - value from the |wdl= parameter; a Boolean passed to enable links to Wikidata when no article exists returns nothing; modifies the args table ]=] local function get_name_list (nl_type, args, qid, wdl) local propertyID = "P50" local fallbackID = "P2093" -- author name string if nl_type =="author" then propertyID = 'P50' -- for authors fallbackID = 'P2093' -- author-string elseif nl_type =="editor" then propertyID = 'P5769' -- "editor-in-chief" fallbackID = 'P98' -- for editors - So-called "fallbacks" are actually a second set of properties processed -- TBD. Take book series editors into account as well (if they have a separate P code as well)? elseif nl_type == "translator" then propertyID = 'P655' -- for translators fallbackID = nil -- elseif 'contributor' == nl_type then -- f.e. author of forewords (P2679) and afterwords (P2680); requires |contribution=, |title= and |author= -- propertyID = 'P' -- for contributors -- fallbackID = nil else return -- not specified so return end -- wdl is a Boolean passed to enable links to Wikidata when no article exists -- if "false" or "no" or "0" is passed set it false -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false if wdl and (#wdl > 0) then wdl = wdl:lower() wdl = in_array (wdl, {"false", "no", "0"}) else -- wdl is empty, so wdl = false end local props = nil local fallback = nil if mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then props = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, propertyID) if props and fallbackID then fallback = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, fallbackID) end end -- Make sure it actually has at least one of the properties requested if not (props and props[1]) and not (fallback and fallback[1]) then return nil end -- So now we have something to return: -- table 'out' is going to store the names(s): -- and table 'link' will store any links to the name's article local out = {} local link = {} local maxpos = 0 if props and props[1] then for k, v in pairs(props) do if 'deprecated' ~= v.rank then -- ignore deprecated names maxpos = makelink(v, out, link, maxpos, wdl) end end end if fallback and fallback[1] then -- second properties for k, v in pairs(fallback) do if 'deprecated' ~= v.rank then -- ignore deprecated names maxpos = makelink(v, out, link, maxpos, wdl) end end end -- if there's anything to return, then insert the additions in the template arguments table -- in the form |author1=firstname secondname |author2= ... -- Renumber, in case we have inconsistent numbering local keys = {} for k, v in pairs(out) do keys[#keys + 1] = k end table.sort(keys) -- as they might be out of order for i, k in ipairs(keys) do out[k] = out[k]:gsub ('&#39;', '\''); -- prevent cs1|2 multiple names categorization; replace html entity with the actual character mw.log(i .. " " .. k .. " " .. (out[k])) if args[nl_type .. i] then -- name gets overwritten -- pull corresponding -link only if overwritten name is same as WD name if link[k] and (args[nl_type .. i] == out[k]) then args[nl_type .. '-link' .. i] = args[nl_type .. '-link' .. i] or link[k] -- author-linkn or editor-linkn end else -- name does not get overwritten, so pull name from WD args[nl_type .. i] = out[k] if link[k] then args[nl_type .. '-link' .. i] = args[nl_type .. '-link' .. i] or link[k] -- author-linkn or editor-linkn end end end end -- gets language codes used for a monolingual text property as a table local function _getLangOfProp(qid, pid) if not pid then return {} end local out = {} local props = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, pid) for i, v in ipairs(props) do if v.mainsnak.datatype == "monolingualtext" and v.mainsnak.datavalue then out[#out + 1] = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language end end return out end local function getLangOfProp(frame) local pid = frame.args.pid or mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") if pid == "" then return end local qid = frame.args.qid if qid == "" then qid = nil end return table.concat(_getLangOfProp(qid, pid), ", ") end -- gets the language codes of a Wikidata entry as a table local function _lang_code(qid) local lc = _getPropOfProp( {qid = qid, prop1 = "P407", prop2 = "P424", ps = 1} ) if lc then return mw.text.split( lc, "[, ]+" ) end lc = _getPropOfProp( {qid = qid, prop1 = "P407", prop2 = "P218", ps = 1} ) if lc then return mw.text.split( lc, "[, ]+" ) end return _getLangOfProp(qid, "P1476") end local function lang_code(frame) return table.concat(_lang_code(frame.args.qid or mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "")), ", ") end -- export for debug local function getPropOfProp(frame) return _getPropOfProp(frame.args) end -- wraps a string in nowiki unless disable flag is set local function wrap_nowiki(str, disable) if disable then return str or '' end return mw.text.nowiki(str or '') end -- sort sequence table whose values are key-value pairs by key local function comp_key(a, b) local param_a, enum_a = a[1]:match ('(%D+)(%d+)$'); -- get param name and enumerator from <a> local param_b, enum_b = b[1]:match ('(%D+)(%d+)$'); -- get param name and enumerator from <b> if enum_a and enum_b then -- if both parameters have neumerators if param_a == param_b then -- are parameter names the same? return tonumber (enum_a) < tonumber (enum_b); -- yes: compare enumerators end end return a[1] < b[1]; -- alpha sort if here end -- sort sequence table whose values are key-value pairs by value local function comp_val(a, b) return a[2] < b[2] end --[[-------------------------< C I T E _ Q >------------------------------------------------------------------ Takes standard CS1|2 template parameters and passes all to {{citation}}. If neither of |author= and |author1= are set, calls get_authors() to try to get an author name-list from Wikidata. The result is passed to {{citation}} for rendering. --]] local function _cite_q (citeq_args) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- parameters that don't get passed to Citation local expand = citeq_args.expand -- when set to anything, causes {{cite q}} to render <code><nowiki>{{citation|...}}</nowiki></code> local qid = citeq_args.qid or citeq_args[1] local wdl = citeq_args.wdl local template = citeq_args.template citeq_args.expand = nil citeq_args[1] = nil citeq_args.qid = nil citeq_args.wdl = nil citeq_args.template = nil -- if title supplied, flag to not read html title local titleforced = (citeq_args.title ~= nil) local oth = {} -- put the language codes into a sequential table langcodes[] local langcodes = {} if citeq_args.language then -- check these are a supported language codes for lc in mw.text.gsplit( citeq_args.language, "[, ]+", false ) do langcodes[#langcodes+1] = mw.language.isSupportedLanguage(citeq_args.language) and citeq_args.language end end if not langcodes[1] then -- try to find language of work langcodes = _lang_code(qid) end if not langcodes[1] then -- try fallback to journal's language local journal_qid = followQid({qid = qid, props = "P1433"}) langcodes = journal_qid and _lang_code(journal_qid) end citeq_args.language = citeq_args.language or table.concat(langcodes, ", ") -- loop through list of simple properties and get their values in citeq_args for name, data in pairs(cfg.simple_properties_t) do citeq_args[name] = getValue( {data.id, fwd = "ALL", osd = "no", noicon = "true", qid = qid, maxvals = data.maxvals, linked = data.linked, rank = data.rank or "best", citeq_args[name] } ) if data.populate_from_journal then local publishedin = getValue( {"P1433", ps = 1, qid = qid, maxvals = 0, citeq_args[name], qual = data.id, qualsonly = 'yes'} ) citeq_args[name] = publishedin or _getPropOfProp({qid = qid, prop1 = "P1433", prop2 = data.id, maxvals = data.maxvals, ps = 1}) end if citeq_args[name] and citeq_args[name]:find (cfg.i18n_t.trackingcats["missing-wikidata"], 1, true) then -- try fallback to work's native language citeq_args[name] = getValue( {data.id, ps = 1, qid = qid, maxvals = data.maxvals, linked = "no", lang = langcodes[1] } ) if citeq_args[name]:find('^Q%d+$') then -- qid was returned -- try fallback to qid's native language local qid_languages = _lang_code(citeq_args[name]) citeq_args[name] = getValue( {data.id, ps = 1, qid = qid, maxvals = data.maxvals, linked = "no", lang = qid_languages[1] } ) if citeq_args[name]:find('^Q%d+$') then -- qid was returned again citeq_args[name] = nil else -- record the language found if no lang specified citeq_args.language = citeq_args.language or qid_languages[1] end end end if data.others then oth[#oth + 1] = citeq_args[name] and (name:gsub("^%l", string.upper) .. ": " .. citeq_args[name]) citeq_args[name] = nil end end citeq_args.others = citeq_args.others or table.concat(oth, ". ") if citeq_args.others == "" then citeq_args.others = nil end citeq_args.journal = citeq_args.journal and citeq_args.journal:gsub("^''", ""):gsub("''$", ""):gsub("|''", "|"):gsub("'']]", "]]") citeq_args.ol = (getValue( {"P648", ps = 1, qid = qid, maxvals = 1, citeq_args.ol } ) or ''):gsub("^OL(.+)$", "%1") if citeq_args.ol == "" then citeq_args.ol = nil end -- TBD. Take care of |ol-access=? citeq_args.biorxiv = citeq_args.biorxiv and ("10.1101/" .. citeq_args.biorxiv) citeq_args.isbn = getValue( {"P957", ps = 1, qid = qid, maxvals = 1, rank="best", citeq_args.isbn } ) -- try ISBN 10 (only one value accepted) -- if url then see if there's an archive: citeq_args.url local url if not citeq_args.url then for i, pr in ipairs( {"P953", "P856", "P2699"} ) do url = getValue( {pr, ps = 1, qid = qid, maxvals = 1, qual="P1065" } ) if url then citeq_args.url = mw.text.split( url, " (", true )[1] local arcurl = mw.ustring.match( url, " %((.*)%)" ) -- when there is an archive url, <url> holds: url<space>(archive url); here extract the archive url if present if arcurl then local arcy, arcm, arcd = arcurl:match("(20%d%d)%p?(%d%d)%p?(%d%d)") if arcy and arcm and arcd then citeq_args["archive-url"] = arcurl citeq_args["archive-date"] = tonumber(arcd) .. " " .. cfg.i18n_t.months[tonumber(arcm)] .. " " .. arcy end end break end end end if citeq_args.publisher == "Unknown" then -- look for "stated as" (P1932) local stated_as = getValue( {"P123", ps = 1, qid = qid, maxvals = 1, qual="P1932", qo="y"} ) if stated_as then citeq_args.publisher = stated_as end end if not titleforced then -- Handle subtitle. if citeq_args.title then local subtitle = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements (qid, 'P1680'); if 0 ~= #subtitle then subtitle = subtitle[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.text; citeq_args.title = citeq_args.title .. ": " .. subtitle end end local htmltitle = getValue( {"P1476", qual = "P6833", ps = 1, qid = qid, maxvals = 1, qo = "y"} ) if htmltitle then citeq_args.title = htmltitle:gsub("</?i>", "''") else local title_display = citeq_args.title or mw.wikibase.getLabel(qid) or (langcodes[1] and mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(qid, langcodes[1])) if citeq_args.url then citeq_args.title = wrap_nowiki(title_display) else local slink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid) local slink_flag = false local wrap_title = '' local wslink = false if not slink then -- See if we have wikisource if not citeq_args.url then local wikisource_sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid, cfg.i18n_t.wikisource) or nil if wikisource_sitelink then slink = ':s:'..wikisource_sitelink wslink = true end end end if citeq_args.title then if slink then wrap_title = wrap_nowiki(citeq_args.title) slink_flag = true else citeq_args.title = wrap_nowiki(citeq_args.title) end else if slink and not wslink then if slink:lower() == title_display:lower() then citeq_args.title = '[[' .. slink .. ']]' else wrap_title = wrap_nowiki(slink:gsub("%s%(.+%)$", ""):gsub(",.+$", "")) slink_flag = true end elseif wslink then wrap_title = wrap_nowiki(title_display) slink_flag = true else citeq_args.title = wrap_nowiki(title_display) end end if slink_flag then if slink == wrap_title and not wslink then -- direct link citeq_args.title = '[[' .. slink .. ']]' else -- piped link citeq_args.title = '[[' .. slink .. '|' .. wrap_title .. ']]' end end end end end -- TBD: incorporate |at, |sheets= and |sheet= here as well -- Sort out what should happen if several of them are given at the same time if citeq_args.page or citeq_args.p then -- let single take precedence over multiple citeq_args.pages = nil citeq_args.pp = nil end if citeq_args.pages then local _, count = string.gsub(citeq_args.pages, "[,;%s]%d+", "") if count == 1 then citeq_args.page = citeq_args.pages citeq_args.pages = nil end end if is_set (qid) then if not is_set (citeq_args.author) and not is_set (citeq_args.author1) and not is_set (citeq_args.subject) and not is_set (citeq_args.subject1) and not is_set (citeq_args.host) and not is_set (citeq_args.host1) and not is_set (citeq_args.last) and not is_set (citeq_args.last1) and not is_set (citeq_args.surname) and not is_set (citeq_args.surname1) and not is_set (citeq_args['author-last']) and not is_set (citeq_args['author-last1']) and not is_set (citeq_args['author1-last']) and not is_set (citeq_args['author-surname']) and not is_set (citeq_args['author-surname1']) and not is_set (citeq_args['author1-surname1']) then -- if neither are set, try to get authors from Wikidata get_name_list ('author', citeq_args, qid, wdl) -- modify citeq_args table with authors from Wikidata end if not is_set (citeq_args.editor) and not is_set (citeq_args.editor1) and not is_set (citeq_args['editor-last']) and not is_set (citeq_args['editor-last1']) and not is_set (citeq_args['editor1-last']) and not is_set (citeq_args['editor-surname']) and not is_set (citeq_args['editor-surname1']) and not is_set (citeq_args['editor1-surname']) then -- if neither are set, try to get editors from Wikidata get_name_list ('editor', citeq_args, qid, wdl) -- modify citeq_args table with editors from Wikidata end if not is_set (citeq_args.translator) and not is_set (citeq_args.translator1) and not is_set (citeq_args['translator-last']) and not is_set (citeq_args['translator-last1']) and not is_set (citeq_args['translator1-last']) and not is_set (citeq_args['translator-surname']) and not is_set (citeq_args['translator-surname1']) and not is_set (citeq_args['translator1-surname']) then -- if neither are set, try to get translators from Wikidata get_name_list ('translator', citeq_args, qid, wdl) -- modify citeq_args table with translators from Wikidata end end for k, v in pairs(citeq_args) do if in_array (v, {'(())', 'unset', 'ignore'}) or 'string' ~= type(k) then -- empty accept-as-is-written (()) markup to indicate an empty/unused parameter value, other ((...)) markups are deliberately passed down to {{citation}} citeq_args[k] = nil elseif in_array (v, {'((unset))', '((ignore))'}) then -- strip off markup for free-text values clashing with local keywords citeq_args[k] = 'unset' end end local author_count = 0 for k, v in pairs(citeq_args) do if k:find("^author%d+$") then author_count = author_count + 1 end end if author_count > 8 then -- convention in astronomy journals, optional mode for this? if 'all' == citeq_args['display-authors'] then citeq_args['display-authors'] = nil; -- unset because no longer needed else citeq_args['display-authors'] = citeq_args['display-authors'] or 3 -- limit to three displayed names end end local editor_count = 0 for k, v in pairs(citeq_args) do if k:find("^editor%d+$") then editor_count = editor_count + 1 end end if editor_count > 8 then -- convention in astronomy journals, optional mode for this? if 'all' == citeq_args['display-editors'] then citeq_args['display-editors'] = nil; -- unset because no longer needed else citeq_args['display-editors'] = citeq_args['display-editors'] or 3 -- limit to three displayed names end end -- change edition to ordinal if it's set and numeric citeq_args.edition = citeq_args.edition and makeOrdinal(citeq_args.edition) -- code to make a guess what template to use from the supplied parameters -- (first draft for proof-of-concept) if citeq_args.isbn then template = template or "book" citeq_args.asin = nil -- suppress ASIN if ISBN exists elseif citeq_args.journal then template = template or "journal" elseif citeq_args.website then template = template or "web" end -- |id= could hold more than one identifier pulled from Wikidata not supported by {{citation}}, right now only add our qid to the list local list_sep = '. ' if citeq_args.mode ~= 'cs1' then list_sep = ', ' end local id = cfg.i18n_t.wdq.. '&nbsp;[[:d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' local old_id = citeq_args.id if wdl then -- show WD logo id = id .. '[[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|16px|alt=|link=]]' -- possibly replace by WD edit icon? end if is_set (old_id) then citeq_args.id = old_id .. list_sep .. id -- append to user-specified contents else citeq_args.id = id end -- clean up any blank parameters for k, v in pairs(citeq_args) do if v == "" then citeq_args[k] = nil end end -- if |expand=<anything>, write a nowiki'd version to see what the {{citation}} template call looks like if expand then local expand_args = { "{{" .. (template and ("Cite "..template) or "Citation") } -- init with citation template if expand == "self" then citeq_args.id = old_id -- restore original |id= parameter expand_args = { cfg.i18n_t.cite_q .. qid } -- expand to itself end -- make a sortable table and sort it by param name local sorttable = {} for param, val in pairs (citeq_args) do table.insert(sorttable, {param, val}) end table.sort(sorttable, comp_key) -- add contents to expand_args for idx, val in ipairs(sorttable) do table.insert(expand_args, val[1] .. '=' .. val[2]) end -- make the nowiki'd string and done return frame:preprocess (table.concat ({'<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline="1">', table.concat (expand_args, ' |') .. '}}', '</syntaxhighlight>'})); end local erratumid = getPropertyIDs( { "P2507", qid = qid, fwd = "ALL", osd = "no", rank = "best", maxvals = 1 } ) if erratumid then erratumid = " [[d:" .. erratumid .. "|" .. cfg.i18n_t.erratum .. "]]" .. cfg.i18n_t.trackingcats.erratum else erratumid = "" end local opt_cat = '' if getValue( {"P5824", ps = 1, qid = qid} ) then opt_cat = cfg.i18n_t.trackingcats.retracted end if getValue( {"P1366", ps = 1, qid = qid} ) then opt_cat = opt_cat .. cfg.i18n_t.trackingcats.replaced end if not citeq_args.title then -- emit category link if missing title opt_cat = opt_cat .. cfg.i18n_t.trackingcats['no-label-or-title']; end -- render the template local lc_template = template and template:lower() or "citation" local output if cite_cfg.known_templates_t[lc_template] then local config_t = {['CitationClass'] = cite_cfg.citation_classes_t[lc_template] or lc_template}; -- set CitationClass value output = require (cs1_module)._citation (nil, citeq_args, config_t) -- go render the citation else output = frame:expandTemplate{ -- render the template title = "Cite "..template, args = citeq_args } .. cfg.i18n_t.trackingcats["unknown-template"] end return output .. erratumid .. opt_cat end local function cite_q (frame) local args = {} for k, v in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do if v ~= "" then args[k] = v end end for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do if v ~= "" then args[k] = v end end args.qid = args.qid or args[1] or "" if args.qid == "" then return nil end args[1] = nil local citesep = (args.citesep or "") if citesep == "" then citesep = ", " end citesep = citesep:gsub('"', '') -- strip double quotes after setting default to allow |citesep="" as a blank separator args.citesep = nil local tag = args.tag or "" if tag == "" then tag = nil end args.tag = nil local list = args.list or "" if list == "" then list = nil end args.list = nil args.language = args.language or args.lang args.lang = nil local cites = {} for q in args.qid:gmatch("Q%d+") do -- make a new copy of the arguments local newargs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if k ~= "qid" then newargs[k] = v end end newargs.qid = q if tag == "ref" then cites[#cites + 1] = frame:callParserFunction{ name = "#tag:ref", args = { _cite_q(newargs), name = q } } -- expand like this: args = { _cite_q(newargs), name = 'foo', group = 'bar' } else cites[#cites + 1] = _cite_q(newargs) end end if list then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = list, args = cites } else return table.concat(cites, citesep) end end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { makeOrdinal = makeOrdinal, _getLangOfProp = _getLangOfProp, getLangOfProp = getLangOfProp, lang_code = lang_code, getPropOfProp = getPropOfProp, _cite_q = _cite_q, cite_q = cite_q } jk9i2n41ahl8lkgt8371yhwj7m8xb36 10 49744 303515 2026-07-30T12:40:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country data {{{1}}}|Scientist icon2|size={{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> pqowtikw4t4hnah0zql03tkbx7o85sb 828 49745 303516 2026-07-30T12:42:30Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require ('strict'); local lang_obj = mw.language.getContentLanguage(); -- needed for the function to reformat dates local global_df = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration').global_df; -- fetch global date format specified by {{use xxx dates}} template local base_format = global_df and global_df:match ('^(%a%a%a)'); -- get {{use xxx dates}} base date format: 'dmy' or 'mdy' local date_style = global_df and global_df:match ('^%a%a%a%-(.+)'); -- get |cs1-dat... 303516 Scribunto text/plain require ('strict'); local lang_obj = mw.language.getContentLanguage(); -- needed for the function to reformat dates local global_df = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration').global_df; -- fetch global date format specified by {{use xxx dates}} template local base_format = global_df and global_df:match ('^(%a%a%a)'); -- get {{use xxx dates}} base date format: 'dmy' or 'mdy' local date_style = global_df and global_df:match ('^%a%a%a%-(.+)'); -- get |cs1-dates= style modifiers --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T T E R >------------------------------------------------------------ local function to format <date> according to <format> (dmy or mdy) and <style> (long, short, year initial) as specified by the |cs1-dates= parameter of the {{use xxx dates}} template. valid |cs1-dates= format character strings are: l, ll, all – default; long-form publication and access- / archive-dates; 'all' when |cs1-dates= omitted or empty ls – long-form publication dates; abbreviated access- / archive-dates ly – long-form publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd) s, ss – abbreviated publication and access- / archive-dates sy – abbreviated publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd) y, yy – year-initial numeric publication, access- and archive-dates (ymd); overrides base format note: 'all' is added by get_date_format() in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration when |cs1-dates= is omitted or empty; cs1|2 and this module then assume long-form date style for all dates ]] local function formatter (date, format, style) --[[ First check for year-only in the date field. Next check for a year and month only. In either case, just return the date as provided. ]] if date:match('^%d%d%d%d$') then -- YYYY return date end if date:match('^%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$') or -- "Month YYYY" date:match('^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d$') then -- "YYYY-MM" return date end local format_strings_t = { -- map <style> to formatDate() format strings (same as #time parser function) ['dmy'] = { ['l'] = 'j F Y', -- long month name ['s'] = 'j M Y', -- abbreviated month name ['y'] = 'Y-m-d' -- year initial numeric; overrides <format> (dmy/mdy) }, ['mdy'] = { ['l'] = 'F j, Y', -- long month name ['s'] = 'M j, Y', -- abbreviated month name ['y'] = 'Y-m-d' -- year initial numeric; overrides <format> (dmy/mdy) } } local good, new_date = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, format_strings_t[format][style], date); -- attempt to reformat; on success, <good> is boolean true return (good and new_date) or date; -- returns <new_date> when <good> is boolean true; <date> else end --[[--------------------------< _ P U B _ D A T E _ F O R M A T >---------------------------------------------- Module entry point For publication dates |date=, |publication-date=, etc ]] local function _pub_date_format (date) if not global_df then return date; -- when article does not have {{use xxx dates}}, abandon end local styles_t = {all = 'l', ll = 'l', l = 'l', ls = 'l', ly = 'l', s = 's', ss = 's', sy = 's', yy = 'y', y = 'y'}; -- map known styles for publication dates return formatter (date, base_format, styles_t[date_style] or 'l'); -- not a known style default to 'l' (long form) end --[[--------------------------< P U B _ D A T E _ F O R M A T >------------------------------------------------ #invoke entry point For publication dates |date=, |publication-date=, etc {{#invoke:auto date formatter|pub_date_format|16 March 2025}} ]] local function pub_date_format (frame) return _pub_date_format (frame.args[1]); -- <args[1]> is date to be formatted end --[[--------------------------< _ A C C E S S _ A R C H I V E _ F O R M A T >---------------------------------- module entry point For access and archive dates |access-date=, |accessdate=, archive-date=, archivedate= ]] local function _access_archive_format (date) if not global_df then return date; -- when article does not have {{use xxx dates}}, abandon end local styles_t = {all = 'l', ll = 'l', l = 'l', ls = 's', ly = 'y', s = 's', ss = 's', sy = 'y', yy = 'y', y = 'y'}; -- map known styles for access/archive dates return formatter (date, base_format, styles_t[date_style] or 'l'); -- not a known style default to 'l' (long form) end --[[--------------------------< A C C E S S _ A R C H I V E _ F O R M A T >------------------------------------ #invoke entry point For access and archive dates |access-date=, |accessdate=, archive-date=, archivedate= {{#invoke:auto date formatter|access_archive_format|16 March 2025}} ]] local function access_archive_format (frame) return _access_archive_format (frame.args[1]); -- <args[1]> is date to be formatted end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { pub_date_format = pub_date_format, -- #invoke entry points access_archive_format = access_archive_format, _pub_date_format = _pub_date_format, -- module entry points _access_archive_format = _access_archive_format, } anrrkki5ypoi6dfl2vagbfm7fg8axpb 10 49746 303517 2026-07-30T12:44:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303517 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:template wrapper|{{#if:{{{_debug|}}}|list|wrap}}|_template=cite web |_exclude=db, id, _debug |_alias-map=accessdate:access-date,authorlink:author-link |{{#if:{{{author|}}}{{{author1|}}}|author={{{author|{{{author1|}}}}}}|author=WoRMS}} |url={{#if: {{{id|}}}|https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id={{{id}}}|}} |publisher=[[World Register of Marine Species]] |work={{#switch:{{lc:{{{db}}}}} | algae | algaebase = [[AlgaeBase]]. [[NUI Galway|National University of Ireland, Galway]] | amphipoda | amphipod = World Amphipoda Database | ascidiacea = Ascidiacea World Database | ascothoracida = World Ascothoracida Database | asteroidea | asteroid = World Asteroidea Database | brachiopoda | brachiopod = World Brachiopoda Database | bryozoa | bryozoans = World list of Bryozoa | ceriantharia | ceriantharian | ceriantharians = World list of Ceriantharia | cetacea = World Cetacea Database | ciliophora = World Ciliophora Database | collembola | collembolans | springtails = World Collembola Catalog | copepoda | copepods | copepod = World of Copepods Database | cubozoa | cubozoan | cubozoans = World list of Cubozoa | cumacea = World Cumacea Database | decapoda | decanet = DecaNet | echinoidea = World Echinoidea Database | euphausiacea | krill = World Euphausiacea Database | foraminifera | forams | modern foraminifera = World Modern Foraminifera Database | fungorum | fungi | index fungorum = Index Fungorum | gastrotricha | gastrotrichs = World Gastrotricha Database | hemichordata = Hemichordata World Database | hexacorallians | hexacorallia = Hexacorallians of the World | hydrozoa = World Hydrozoa Database | isopoda | isopod = World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans Database | lophogastrida | stygiomysida | mysida = World List of Lophogastrida, Stygiomysida and Mysida | kalyptorhynchia | proseriata = World Database of Proseriata and Kalyptorhynchia | mangroves | mangrove = World Mangroves Database | marine mollusca | mollusc | mollusca | mollusks | mollusk | molluscabase = MolluscaBase | millibase = MilliBase | myriapoda | myriapod | littoral myriapoda = World Database of littoral Myriapoda | myxozoa | myxozoan | myxozoans = World List of Myxozoa | nematoda | nematode | nemys = NeMys | nemertea = World Nemertea Database | octocorallia | octocorals = World List of Octocorallia | ophiuroidea = World Ophiuroidea Database | ostracoda | ostracod = World Ostracoda Database | paguroidea = World Paguroidea & Lomisoidea Database | phoronida = World Phoronida Database | pisces | fish | fishbase = [[FishBase]] | placozoa = World Placozoa Database | polychaeta | polychaete = World Polychaeta Database | porifera | sponge = World Porifera Database | pycnogonida | pycnogonid | pycnobase = Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database | remipedia | remipede = World Remipedia Database | rotifera | rotifer = Rotifer World Catalog | scleractinia = World List of Scleractinia | sipuncula = World Sipuncula Database | tardigrada | tardigrades = World List of Tardigrada | turbellaria | turbellarian | turbellarians = World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora | WoRMS <!--default value--> }} |veditors={{#switch:{{lc:{{{db}}}}} | algae | algaebase = Guiry MD, Guiry GM | amphipoda | amphipod = Lowry J | ascidiacea = Shenkar N, Gittenberger A, Lambert G, Rius M, Moreira Da Rocha R, Swalla BJ, Turon X | ascothoracida = Walter TC | asteroidea | asteroid = Mah CL | brachiopoda | brachiopod = Emig CC | bryozoa | bryozoans = Bock P | ceriantharia | ceriantharian | ceriantharians = Molodtsova T, Stampar SN | cetacea = Perrin WF | ciliophora = Xu K, Dolan J | collembola | collembolans | springtails = Cheng HJ, Arbea J, Ariño AH, Baquero Martín E, Burkhardt U, Cavalcante Bellini B, Collins GE, Cramphorn B, Deharveng L, D'Haese CA, Grujic NZ, Jordana R, Kasai H, Katz A, Kovac L, Mateos E, Nunes Godeiro N, Palacios Vargas JG, Potapov M, Ross GM, Schneider C, Soto-Adames FN, Sun X, Weiner WM, Xie Z, Yu D, Zeppelini D, Potapov A | copepoda | copepod = Walter TC, Boxshall G | cubozoa | cubozoan | cubozoans = Collins AG, Jarms G | cumacea = Watling L, Gerken S | decapoda | decanet = | echinoidea = Kroh A, Mooi R | euphausiacea | krill = Siegel V | foraminifera | forams | modern foraminifera = Hayward BW, Cedhagen T, Kaminski M, Gross O | fungorum | fungi | index fungorum = ((Index Fungorum Partnership)) | gastrotricha | gastrotrichs = Todaro A, d'Hondt JL | hemichordata = Shenkar N, Swalla BJ, van der Land J | hexacorallians | hexacorallia = Fautin DG | hydrozoa = Schuchert P | isopoda | isopod = Schotte M, Boyko CB, Bruce NL, Poore GC, Taiti S, Wilson GD | kalyptorhynchia | proseriata = Artois T, Schockaert E | lophogastrida | stygiomysida | mysida = Mees J, Meland K | mangroves | mangrove = Dahdouh-Guebas F | marine mollusca | mollusc | mollusca | mollusks | mollusk | molluscabase = Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O | myriapoda | myriapod | littoral myriapoda = Barber AD | myxozoa | myxozoan | myxozoans = Whipps CM, Atkinson SD, Hoeksema BW | nematoda | nematode | nemys = Deprez T | nemertea = Gibson R | octocorallia | octocorals = McFadden CS, Cordeiro R, Samimi-Namin K, Hoeksema BW, Williams G, van Ofwegen LP | ophiuroidea = Stöhr S, O'Hara T | ostracoda | ostracod = Brandão SN, Angel MV, Karanovic I, Parker A, Perrier V, Sames B, Yasuhara M | paguroidea = Lemaitre R, McLaughlin P | phoronida = Emig CC | pisces | fish | fishbase = Bailly N | placozoa = Schierwater B, Eitel M, DeSalle R | polychaeta | polychaete = Read G, Fauchald K | porifera | sponge = Van Soest RW, Boury-Esnault N, Hooper JN, Rützler K, de Voogd NJ, de Glasby BA, Hajdu E, Pisera AB, Manconi R, Schoenberg C, Janussen D, Tabachnick KR, Klautau M, Picton B, Kelly M, Vacelet J | pycnogonida | pycnogonid | pycnobase = Bamber RN, El Nagar A, Arango C | remipedia | remipede = Koenemann S, Hoenemann M, Stemme T | rotifera | rotifer = Jersabek CD, Segers H, Leitner M | scleractinia = Hoeksema BW, Cairns S | sipuncula = Saiz J | tardigrada | tardigrades = Guidetti R, McInnes SJ, Kristensen RM | turbellaria | turbellarian | turbellarians = Tyler S, Artois T, Schilling S, Hooge M, Bush LF }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> aym088f9dne16fjbavewji6hih11z24 0 49747 303518 2026-07-30T13:40:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Belgium municipality |name = Beernem |picture = Bulskampveld kasteel.jpg |picture-legend = Bulskampveld Castle <!-- {{Q|96197068}} --> |map = Beernem West-Flanders Belgium Map.svg |map-legend = Location of Beernem in [[West Flanders]] |arms = Blason Beernem.svg |flag = Beernem vlag.svg |province = [[West Flanders]] |arrondissement = [[Arrondissement of Bruges|Bruges]] |nis = 31003 |mayor = Jos Sypré ([[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]]) |majority = [[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]], [[Vooruit (political party)|Vooruit]], [[Groen (political party)|Groen]] |postal-codes = 8730 |telephone-area = 050 |web = [http://www.beernem.be/ www.beernem.be] |coordinates = {{coord|51|08|N|03|20|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}} }} '''Beernem''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈbeːrnəm|-|Nl-Beernem.ogg}}; {{langx|vls|Beirnem}}) waa [[Municipalities of Belgium|munisipaliteet]] miyi ah oo ku yaal gobolka [[Belgium|Beljamka]] ee [[West Flanders]], oo ku yaal koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Bruges]]. Munisipaliteetka wuxuu ka kooban yahay magaalooyinka Beernem lafteeda, [[Oedelem]] iyo [[Sint-Joris, Beernem|Sint-Joris]]. Janaayo 1, 2006 Beernem waxay lahayd wadarta dadka oo ah 14,642, oo u badan Beernem lafteeda iyo Oedelem. Wadarta aagga waa 71.68&nbsp;km² taas oo bixisa [[population density|cufnaanta dadka]] ee 204 degane halkii km². ==Sawirro== <gallery> File:Sint-Joris (Beernem) - Sint-Joriskerk 1.jpg|Kiniisada [[Saint George]] File:Beernem Psychiatrisch Centrum Sint-Amandus.JPG|Beernem [[psychiatric institution|Xituunta Dhimirka]] ee Sint-Amandus </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *{{Commons category-inline}} *{{in lang|nl}} {{Official website|http://www.beernem.be}} {{Authority control}} o45bg7cctud1yym29daktprz96wox4t 0 49748 303519 2026-07-30T13:42:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Belgium municipality |name = Beerse |picture = Nijverheidsstraat 2, Beerse (4).jpg |picture-legend = |map = Beerse Antwerp Belgium Map.svg |map-legend = Location of Beerse in the province of Antwerp |arms = Beerse wapen.svg |flag = Flag of Beerse.svg |province = [[Antwerp]] |arrondissement = [[Arrondissement of Turnhout|Turnhout]] |nis = 13004 |mayor = Bart Craane (CDE-Vlim) |majority = CDE-Vlim, BEERSEplus |postal-codes = 2340 |telephone-area = 014, 03 |web = [http://www.beerse.be www.beerse.be] |coordinates = {{coord|51|19|N|04|52|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}} }} '''Beerse''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈbeːrsə|-|Nl-Beerse.ogg}}) waa [[Municipalities of Belgium|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal gobolka [[Belgium|Beljamka]] ee [[Antwerp (province)|Antwerp]]. Munisipaliteetka wuxuu ka kooban yahay magaalooyinka Beerse lafteeda iyo [[Vlimmeren]]. Sannadkii 2024, Beerse waxay lahayd wadarta dadka oo ah 18,601.[https://allecijfers.be/gemeente/beerse/#:~:text=De%20bevolking%20van%20de%20gemeente%20Beerse%20is%20met,tot%20en%20met%202024%20was%20150%20inwoners%20%280%2C95%25%29.] Wadarta aagga waa {{convert|37.48|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="stat">{{cite web|url=https://statbel.fgov.be/sites/default/files/files/opendata/bevolking/sectoren/OPENDATA_SECTOREN_2021.xlsx |title=Bevolking per statistische sector - Sector 13004 |website=Statistics Belgium |access-date=9 May 2022 }}</ref> Shirkadda dawooyinka ee [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]], oo uu aasaasay Dr. [[Paul Janssen]], waxay xarunteeda ku leedahay Beerse. ==Warshadaha== Dhawr shirkadood ayaa ku yaal Beerse, kuwaas oo kuwa ugu muhiimsan ay yihiin: * [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]] ([[pharmaceuticals|dawooyinka]]) * [[Metallo-Chimique]] ([[metallurgy|birta]]) * [[Wienerberger]] Beerse ([[brick|tubada]]) * [[Glacio]] ([[ice cream|Jalaatada]]) * Aurora productions ([[paper|waraaqaha]] iyo [[plastic|balastigga]]) ==Cimilada== {{Weather box|width=auto |location = Beerse (1991−2020 normals<!--, extremes 1901−present -->) |single line = Y |metric first = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan record high C = |Feb record high C = |Mar record high C = |Apr record high C = |May record high C = |Jun record high C = |Jul record high C = |Aug record high C = |Sep record high C = |Oct record high C = |Nov record high C = |Dec record high C = |Jan record low C = |Feb record low C = |Mar record low C = |Apr record low C = |May record low C = |Jun record low C = |Jul record low C = |Aug record low C = |Sep record low C = |Oct record low C = |Nov record low C = |Dec record low C = |Jan high C = 6.3 |Feb high C = 7.4 |Mar high C = 11.1 |Apr high C = 15.5 |May high C = 19.1 |Jun high C = 21.7 |Jul high C = 23.7 |Aug high C = 23.5 |Sep high C = 20.0 |Oct high C = 15.2 |Nov high C = 10.1 |Dec high C = 6.7 |year high C = 15.0 |Jan mean C = 3.6 |Feb mean C = 4.0 |Mar mean C = 6.8 |Apr mean C = 10.1 |May mean C = 13.9 |Jun mean C = 16.8 |Jul mean C = 18.7 |Aug mean C = 18.3 |Sep mean C = 15.1 |Oct mean C = 11.2 |Nov mean C = 7.0 |Dec mean C = 4.1 |year mean C = 10.8 |Jan low C = 0.8 |Feb low C = 0.6 |Mar low C = 2.5 |Apr low C = 4.8 |May low C = 8.7 |Jun low C = 11.8 |Jul low C = 13.8 |Aug low C = 13.2 |Sep low C = 10.3 |Oct low C = 7.2 |Nov low C = 4.0 |Dec low C = 1.5 |year low C = 6.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 77.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 71.6 |Mar precipitation mm = 62.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 46.2 |May precipitation mm = 62.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 77.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 84.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 86.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 74.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 74.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 86.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 100.1 |year precipitation mm = 903.3 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 13.1 |Feb precipitation days = 12.3 |Mar precipitation days = 11.2 |Apr precipitation days = 9.1 |May precipitation days = 10.1 |Jun precipitation days = 10.5 |Jul precipitation days = 11.0 |Aug precipitation days = 11.2 |Sep precipitation days = 10.2 |Oct precipitation days = 11.4 |Nov precipitation days = 13.5 |Dec precipitation days = 15.0 |year precipitation days = 138.5 |Jan sun = 61 |Feb sun = 78 |Mar sun = 133 |Apr sun = 187 |May sun = 215 |Jun sun = 214 |Jul sun = 220 |Aug sun = 206 |Sep sun = 160 |Oct sun = 116 |Nov sun = 67 |Dec sun = 51 |year sun = 1707 |source 1 = [[Royal Meteorological Institute]]<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.meteo.be/resources/climatology/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS13004_9120_nl.pdf |title = Luchttemperatuur en neerslag Referentieperiode: 1991-2020 |language = nl |publisher = [[Royal Meteorological Institute]] |access-date = July 7, 2022}}</ref>}} ==Dadka caanka ah ee degan== * [[Peter Evrard]], fanaanka * [[René Verheyen]], ciyaaryahanka kubadda cagta * [[Patrick Vervoort]], ciyaaryahanka kubadda cagta ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *{{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.beerse.be/file_uploads/2248.pdf Qaybinta da'da] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425092429/https://www.beerse.be/file_uploads/2248.pdf |date=25 April 2021 }} {{Authority control}} b65xaj7o49sokhoszzu6am0chc30mlb 303623 303519 2026-07-31T04:56:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Belgium municipality |name = Beerse |picture = Nijverheidsstraat 2, Beerse (4).jpg |picture-legend = |map = Beerse Antwerp Belgium Map.svg |map-legend = Location of Beerse in the province of Antwerp |arms = Beerse wapen.svg |flag = Flag of Beerse.svg |province = [[Antwerp]] |arrondissement = [[Arrondissement of Turnhout|Turnhout]] |nis = 13004 |mayor = Bart Craane (CDE-Vlim) |majority = CDE-Vlim, BEERSEplus |postal-codes = 2340 |telephone-area = 014, 03 |web = [http://www.beerse.be www.beerse.be] |coordinates = {{coord|51|19|N|04|52|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}} }} '''Beerse''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈbeːrsə|-|Nl-Beerse.ogg}}) waa [[Municipalities of Belgium|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal gobolka [[Belgium|Beljamka]] ee [[Antwerp (province)|Antwerp]]. Munisipaliteetka wuxuu ka kooban yahay magaalooyinka Beerse lafteeda iyo [[Vlimmeren]]. Sannadkii 2024, Beerse waxay lahayd wadarta dadka oo ah 18,601.[https://allecijfers.be/gemeente/beerse/#:~:text=De%20bevolking%20van%20de%20gemeente%20Beerse%20is%20met,tot%20en%20met%202024%20was%20150%20inwoners%20%280%2C95%25%29.] Wadarta aagga waa {{convert|37.48|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="stat">{{cite web|url=https://statbel.fgov.be/sites/default/files/files/opendata/bevolking/sectoren/OPENDATA_SECTOREN_2021.xlsx |title=Bevolking per statistische sector - Sector 13004 |website=Statistics Belgium |access-date=9 May 2022 }}</ref> Shirkadda dawooyinka ee [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]], oo uu aasaasay Dr. [[Paul Janssen]], waxay xarunteeda ku leedahay Beerse. ==Warshadaha== Dhawr shirkadood ayaa ku yaal Beerse, kuwaas oo kuwa ugu muhiimsan ay yihiin: * [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]] ([[pharmaceuticals|dawooyinka]]) * [[Metallo-Chimique]] ([[metallurgy|birta]]) * [[Wienerberger]] Beerse ([[brick|tubada]]) * [[Glacio]] ([[ice cream|Jalaatada]]) * Aurora productions ([[paper|waraaqaha]] iyo [[plastic|balastigga]]) ==Cimilada== {{Weather box|width=auto |location = Beerse (1991−2020 normals<!--, extremes 1901−present -->) |single line = Y |metric first = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan record high C = |Feb record high C = |Mar record high C = |Apr record high C = |May record high C = |Jun record high C = |Jul record high C = |Aug record high C = |Sep record high C = |Oct record high C = |Nov record high C = |Dec record high C = |Jan record low C = |Feb record low C = |Mar record low C = |Apr record low C = |May record low C = |Jun record low C = |Jul record low C = |Aug record low C = |Sep record low C = |Oct record low C = |Nov record low C = |Dec record low C = |Jan high C = 6.3 |Feb high C = 7.4 |Mar high C = 11.1 |Apr high C = 15.5 |May high C = 19.1 |Jun high C = 21.7 |Jul high C = 23.7 |Aug high C = 23.5 |Sep high C = 20.0 |Oct high C = 15.2 |Nov high C = 10.1 |Dec high C = 6.7 |year high C = 15.0 |Jan mean C = 3.6 |Feb mean C = 4.0 |Mar mean C = 6.8 |Apr mean C = 10.1 |May mean C = 13.9 |Jun mean C = 16.8 |Jul mean C = 18.7 |Aug mean C = 18.3 |Sep mean C = 15.1 |Oct mean C = 11.2 |Nov mean C = 7.0 |Dec mean C = 4.1 |year mean C = 10.8 |Jan low C = 0.8 |Feb low C = 0.6 |Mar low C = 2.5 |Apr low C = 4.8 |May low C = 8.7 |Jun low C = 11.8 |Jul low C = 13.8 |Aug low C = 13.2 |Sep low C = 10.3 |Oct low C = 7.2 |Nov low C = 4.0 |Dec low C = 1.5 |year low C = 6.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 77.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 71.6 |Mar precipitation mm = 62.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 46.2 |May precipitation mm = 62.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 77.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 84.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 86.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 74.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 74.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 86.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 100.1 |year precipitation mm = 903.3 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 13.1 |Feb precipitation days = 12.3 |Mar precipitation days = 11.2 |Apr precipitation days = 9.1 |May precipitation days = 10.1 |Jun precipitation days = 10.5 |Jul precipitation days = 11.0 |Aug precipitation days = 11.2 |Sep precipitation days = 10.2 |Oct precipitation days = 11.4 |Nov precipitation days = 13.5 |Dec precipitation days = 15.0 |year precipitation days = 138.5 |Jan sun = 61 |Feb sun = 78 |Mar sun = 133 |Apr sun = 187 |May sun = 215 |Jun sun = 214 |Jul sun = 220 |Aug sun = 206 |Sep sun = 160 |Oct sun = 116 |Nov sun = 67 |Dec sun = 51 |year sun = 1707 |source 1 = [[Royal Meteorological Institute]]<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.meteo.be/resources/climatology/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS13004_9120_nl.pdf |title = Luchttemperatuur en neerslag Referentieperiode: 1991-2020 |language = nl |publisher = [[Royal Meteorological Institute]] |access-date = July 7, 2022}}</ref>}} ==Dadka caanka ah ee degan== * [[Peter Evrard]], fanaanka * [[René Verheyen]], ciyaaryahanka kubadda cagta * [[Patrick Vervoort]], ciyaaryahanka kubadda cagta ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *{{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.beerse.be/file_uploads/2248.pdf Qaybinta da'da] {{Wayback|url=http://www.beerse.be/file_uploads/2248.pdf |date=20210425092429 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425092429/https://www.beerse.be/file_uploads/2248.pdf |date=25 April 2021 }} {{Authority control}} oedywoqg5a4dq4zhy9jv0g3vf6lorvq 0 49749 303520 2026-07-30T13:44:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_flag = Flagge Beesten.svg | image_coa = DEU Beesten COA.png | coordinates = {{coord|52|26|N|07|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Beesten in EL.svg | state = | district = Emsland | Samtgemeinde = Freren | elevation = 32 | area = 25.81 | postal_code = 49832 | area_code = 0 59 05 | licence = EL | Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 54 003 | mayor = Werner Achteresch | party = CDU }} '''Beesten''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Emsland]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Saksonta Hoose]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ks5koms2104mk1p11ls4vo5j2f3g2ec 0 49750 303521 2026-07-30T13:46:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = CoA - Wappen Beetzendorf.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52.7000|11.0917|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beetzendorf in SAW.png |state = |district = Altmarkkreis Salzwedel |Verbandsgemeinde = Beetzendorf-Diesdorf |elevation = 35 |area = 97.97 |postal_code = 38489, 38486 |area_code = 039000, 039007 |licence = SAW, GA, KLZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 81 045 |website = [http://www.beetzendorf-diesdorf.de/ www.beetzendorf-<br />diesdorf.de] |mayor = Enrico Lehnemann<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Beetzendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːtsn̩ˌdɔʁf}}) waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Altmarkkreis Salzwedel]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt|Saksonta-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaybaha munisipaliteetka ama ''Ortsteile'' ee soo socda:<ref name=Hauptsatzung>[http://www.beetzendorf-diesdorf.de/images/stories/satzungen/beetzendorf/hauptsatzung_beetzendorf.pdf Hauptsatzung der Gemeinde Beetzendorf], 23 November 2017.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *Audorf *[[Bandau]] *Beetzendorf *Darnebeck *Groß Gischau *[[Hohentramm]] *[[Jeeben]] *Käcklitz *Klein Gischau *[[Mellin, Saxony-Anhalt|Mellin]] *Neumühle *Peertz *Poppau *Siedengrieben *Stapen *[[Tangeln]] *Wohlgemuth {{div col end}} Laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 2009 wuxuu dhex qaatay munisipaliteetyadii hore ee Bandau, Hohentramm, Jeeben, Mellin iyo Tangeln.<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-inklusive-umstellung-januar.html?nn=212328 Gebietsänderungen am 01.01.2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> [[File:004A mwuerfel.jpg|thumb|left|Sieben Linden sannadkii 2012]] Waxaa ka mid ah [[Village|tuulooyin]] kale oo ka sii duqsan sida [[Mellin, Saxony-Anhalt|Mellin]], mashruuc deegaan oo laga dhisay tan iyo 1997 dhowrka Poppau, ee [[Ecovillage|Tuulada Deegaanka]] Sieben Linden. [[File:Strohpolis.jpg|thumb|left|[[Straw-bale construction|Guri cawska la doortay]]<br />oo leh [[Solar panel|Doolarka cadayga]]]] [[File:Ruine Beetzendorf.jpg|thumb|left|taariikhda: haraadiga qasrigii hore<br />(la dhisay sannadkii 1200)]] [[File:Beetzendorf_railway_station.jpg|thumb|Saldhigga tareenka ee hore]] ==Dadka caanka ah== * [[Frederick Klaeber]], filoolojiste ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{Commons category-inline|Beetzendorf}} *{{Wikivoyage-inline|Beetzendorf}} {{Authority control}} 8b1wpba8df3dvy0pxq2kmybgric0o6a 0 49751 303522 2026-07-30T13:48:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|30|00|N|12|37|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beetzseeheide in PM.png |state = |district = Potsdam-Mittelmark |Amt = Beetzsee |elevation = 37 |area = 37.23 |postal_code = 14778 |area_code = 03381 |licence = PM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 69 019 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Dirk Lange<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12069000 Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Beetzseeheide''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Potsdam-Mittelmark]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Dadka == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Beetzseeheide.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarka Dadka tan iyo 1875 ee ku dhex jira Xuduudaha Hada (Xariiqda Buluuga ah: Dadka; Xariiqda Dhibcaha leh: Garabdhiga Horumarka Dadka ee gobolka Brandenburg; Gadaal Ckul ah: Waqtigii xukunkii Naasiga; Gadaal Guduud ah: Waqtigii xukunkii Komunistiga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Beetzseeheide: Horumarka dadka <br>ee ku dhex jira xuduudaha hadda (2013)<ref>Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1343 | 1890 | 1346 | 1910 | 1246 | 1925 | 1199 | 1933 | 1113 | 1939 | 1117 | 1946 | 1447 | 1950 | 1424 | 1964 | 1084 | 1971 | 996 | 1981 | 798 | 1985 | 782 | 1989 | 747 | 1990 | 718 | 1991 | 693 | 1992 | 677 | 1993 | 669 | 1994 | 654 | 1995 | 643 | 1996 | 637 | 1997 | 643 | 1998 | 674 | 1999 | 685 | 2000 | 709 | 2001 | 710 | 2002 | 711 | 2003 | 722 | 2004 | 747 | 2005 | 725 | 2006 | 721 | 2007 | 703 | 2008 | 694 | 2009 | 669 | 2010 | 665 | 2011 | 654 | 2012 | 663 | 2013 | 645 | 2014 | 676 | 2015 | 675 | 2016 | 699 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} bj1402igtei9bzrqchlcrkv5kcfkvcn 0 49752 303523 2026-07-30T13:49:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|50|N|13|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beggerow_in_MBS.svg |image_photo = Dorfkirche Beggerow 14.04.2009.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Kiniisada medieval-ka ee Beggerow |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Demmin-Land |elevation = 39 |area = 29.69 |postal_code = 17111 |area_code = 039996 |licence = DM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 008 |divisions = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = {{url|https://www.amt-demmin-land.de}} |mayor = Wolf-Peter Peetz }} '''Beggerow''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} epw16cuj9mf0rluhhxm7yza6oymn8b3 0 49753 303524 2026-07-30T13:51:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Grave Guenter Grass in Behlendorf.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Qabriga guuleystaha [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Aawardka Nobel ee Suugaanta]] [[Günter Grass]] oo ku yaal Behlendorf |image_flag = Flagge Behlendorf.png |image_coa = DEU Behlendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|42|N|10|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Behlendorf in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Berkenthin |elevation = 38 |area = 10.25 |postal_code = 23919 |area_code = 04544 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 008 |website = [http://www.amt-berkenthin.de/ www.amt-<br />berkenthin.de] |mayor = Renate Pfennigschmidt |party = CDU }} '''Behlendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːləndɔʁf}}) waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Lauenburg (district)|degmada Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Magac-deegaankan waxaa loo diwaan geliyay sida ''Belendorpe'' iyo ''Belendorp'', sannadkii 1194, iyo sida ''Belenthorp'', sannadkii 1230.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1937 |title=Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej |url=http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |access-date=2025-05-02 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154235/http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3ygjazfn7blu2m0fwz8kvi471xdxsfw 0 49754 303525 2026-07-30T13:52:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|01|N|13|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Behrenhoff_in_VG.svg |image_photo = Behrenhoff-Kirche-SW-160316-076.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kiniisada medieval-ka ah ee tuulada Behrenhoff |state = Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Landhagen |elevation = 25 |area = 24.37 |postal_code = 17498 |area_code = 038356 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 008 |divisions = 7 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.landhagen.de/gemeinden/behrenhoff/index.php www.landhagen.de] |mayor = Markus Clausen }} '''Behrenhoff''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} m6powkcodxsel50i1ry0qq6e8gyhtsv 303526 303525 2026-07-30T13:53:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|01|N|13|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Behrenhoff_in_VG.svg |image_photo = Behrenhoff-Kirche-SW-160316-076.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kiniisada medieval-ka ah ee tuulada Behrenhoff |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Landhagen |elevation = 25 |area = 24.37 |postal_code = 17498 |area_code = 038356 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 008 |divisions = 7 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.landhagen.de/gemeinden/behrenhoff/index.php www.landhagen.de] |mayor = Markus Clausen }} '''Behrenhoff''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ozora7s292rwil51tu58kazztpccv44 0 49755 303527 2026-07-30T13:54:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Herrenhaus Waterneverstorf.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = {{ill|Gut Waterneverstorf|de}} oo ku taal Behrensdorf |image_flag = Flagge Behrensdorf.png |image_coa = DEU Behrensdorf (Ostsee) COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|21|N|10|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Behrensdorf in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Lütjenburg |elevation = 3 |area = 20.85 |postal_code = 24321 |area_code = 04381 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 004 |mayor = Manfred Krumbeck |party = SPD }} '''Behrensdorf''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Plön (district)|degmada Plön]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta galbeed ee [[Hohwacht Bay]] ee xeebta [[Baltic Sea|Badda Baltik]]. Takriban hal kiiloomitir dhanka waqooyiga waxaa ku yaal [[Neuland Lighthouse|Lighthouse-ka Neuland]] oo waligiis jira waliba iimaanka siddeetan sano.<ref>[http://www.wsv.de/wsa-hl/wasserstrassen/bauwerke/leuchttuerme/lt_neuland/index.html ''Leuchtturm Neuland''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030050055/http://www.wsv.de/wsa-hl/wasserstrassen/bauwerke/leuchttuerme/lt_neuland/index.html |date=2010-10-30 }} ee www.wsv.de. La helay 11 Sep 2010.</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jvb0ambd3044z5pdi032rogtlmbxwkg 0 49756 303528 2026-07-30T13:56:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Beidenfleth COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|52|41|N|9|24|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beidenfleth in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Wilstermarsch |elevation = 5 |area = 13.57 |postal_code = 25573 |area_code = 04823, 04829 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 007 |website = [http://www.wilstermarsch.de/ www.wilstermarsch.de] |mayor = Andreas Lorenz |party = CDU }} '''Beidenfleth''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1sg0m0fu8yj8t33x1wllilwt3kb6mo5 0 49757 303529 2026-07-30T13:57:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo=Beierstedt.jpg|image_coa = DEU Beierstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|05|N|10|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beierstedt in HE.svg |state = |district = Helmstedt |Samtgemeinde = Heeseberg |elevation = 133 |area = 9.59 |postal_code = 38382 |area_code = 05354 |licence = HE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 54 002 |website = [http://www.samtgemeindeheeseberg.de www.samtgemeinde-heeseberg.de] |mayor = Brigitte Stolte |party = SPD }} '''Beierstedt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal [[Helmstedt (district)|degmada Helmstedt]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Saksonta Hoose]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} e2ozxdgc4rqrouek37cwzp68k2lw4tm 0 49758 303530 2026-07-30T13:59:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Beilingen |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = Wappen von Beilingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|57|14.33|N|6|39|44.80|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beilingen in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Speicher |elevation = 320 |area = 4.31 |postal_code = 54662 |area_code = 06562 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 010 |divisions = |website = [http://www.vg-speicher.de/index.php?id=beilingen&type=1 Beilingen at the website of VG Speicher] |mayor = Norbert Schröder<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = }} '''Beilingen''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Bitburg-Prüm|degmada Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], ee galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} lmrum7v8rjrhf3amgnko2j9otr1y1si 0 49759 303531 2026-07-30T14:01:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = Wappen von Beilngries neu.svg |image_photo = Beilngries vom Hirschberg aus.jpg |image_caption = Beilngries oo laga soo dhex ka eegay Hirschberg |coordinates = {{coord|49|2|N|11|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beilngries in EI.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Eichstätt |elevation = 368 |area = 100.02 |postal_code = 92339 |area_code = 08461 |licence = EI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 76 114 |divisions = 19 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.beilngries.de/ www.beilngries.de] |mayor = Helmut Schloderer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = Independent }} '''Beilngries''' ({{IPA|de|baɪlnˈɡʁiːs|-|De-Beilngries.ogg}}; {{langx|bar|Beilngrias}}) waa [[Town#Germany|magaalo]] ku taal [[Eichstätt (district)|degmada Eichstätt]], ee [[Bavaria|Bafaariya]], Jarmalka. Waxay ku taallaa webiga [[Altmühl]] iyo [[Rhine-Main-Danube Canal|Kanalka Rhine-Main-Danube]], 30&nbsp;km waqooyiga [[Ingolstadt]]. == Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada == * [[Rosa Aschenbrenner]] (1885-1967), siyaasiyada hantiwadaagga ah, xubinta Bavarian Landtag 1921-1932 iyo 1946-1948 * [[Karl Harrer]] (1890-1926), saxafi Spoorada ah iyo xubin aasaase ah iyo guddoomiyaha xisbiga [[German Workers' Party|Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka]], oo ah ururkii ka horreeyay [[Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei|Xisbiga Naasiga]] (NSDAP) ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} j5vab1y6tzgrqsqdircqjfhfamomqpm 0 49760 303532 2026-07-30T14:02:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Beilrode 001.JPG |image_caption = Muuqaal hawada sare ah |image_coa = Wappen Beilrode.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|34|N|13|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beilrode in TDO.png |state = |district = Nordsachsen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Beilrode |elevation = 82 |area = 92.67 |postal_code = 04886 |area_code = 03421 |licence = TDO, DZ, EB, OZ, TG, TO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14730030 |divisions = |website = [https://beilrode.de/ beilrode.de] |mayor = René Vetter<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_buergermeisterwahlen2023_gewaehlte-personen.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister 2023 im Freistaat Sachsen], Freistaat Sachsen. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 |party = Independent }} '''Beilrode''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Nordsachsen]], ee [[Saxony|Saksonta]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Wuxuu dhex qaatay munisipaliteetkii hore ee [[Großtreben-Zwethau]] Janaayo 2011. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay ''Ortsteile'' (qaybaha) Beilrode, Dautzschen, Döbrichau, Döhlen, Eulenau, Großtreben, Kreischau, Last, Neubleesern, Rosenfeld iyo Zwethau.<ref>[https://www.beilrode.de/seite/457325/ortsteile.html Ortsteile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928133728/https://www.beilrode.de/seite/457325/ortsteile.html |date=2021-09-28 }}, Gemeinde Beilrode, accessed 12 October 2021.</ref> ==Dadka degaanka ee caanka ah== *[[Fritz Ritterbusch]] (1894–1946), taliyihii xerada ururinta ee SS-ta Naasiga Jarmalka ee loo dilay dambiyada dagaalka == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} qttptw586ipz8yk9sku5ivyy5ys5nmo 0 49761 303533 2026-07-30T14:04:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Beimerstetten COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|29|3|N|9|58|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beimerstetten in UL.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Alb-Donau-Kreis |elevation = 587 |area = 14.34 |postal_code = 89179 |area_code = 07348 |licence = UL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 25 014 |website = [http://www.beimerstetten.de/ www.beimerstetten.de] |mayor = Andreas Haas<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-beimerstetten-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Beimerstetten 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = }} '''Beimerstetten''' ({{IPA|de|ˌbaɪmɐˈʃtɛtn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Alb-Donau (district)|Alb-Donau]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qhj9v3n4yioqbafhplrz4hskncwnjzo 0 49762 303534 2026-07-30T14:06:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|28|N|10|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beinerstadt in HBN.png |state = |district = Hildburghausen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Feldstein |elevation = 430 |area = 6.71 |postal_code = 98660 |area_code = 036873 |licence = HBN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 69 003 |mayor = Christian Vogler<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Beinerstadt''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Hildburghausen (district)|degmada Hildburghausen]], ee [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rkno8xi8amhydfwmkkp3t215ofkw0tl 0 49763 303535 2026-07-30T14:08:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Bekdorf-Wappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|55|N|9|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bekdorf in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Itzehoe-Land |elevation = 4 |area = 1.7 |postal_code = 25554 |area_code = 04823 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 008 |website = [http://www.amtitzehoe-land.de/ www.amtitzehoe-land.de] |mayor = Matthias Kelting |party = }} '''Bekdorf''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa meel u dhow Webiga [[Bekau]]. Bekdorf waxaa loo dhawaaqi karaa "bɛkˌdɔrf". ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 00538biazo7mvhs1ibwzwtjooum0t5a 0 49764 303536 2026-07-30T14:11:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bekmünde COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|55|N|9|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bekmuende in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Itzehoe-Land |elevation = 2 |area = 2.9 |postal_code = 25524 |area_code = 04821, 04823 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 010 |website = [http://www.amtitzehoe-land.de/ www.amtitzehoe-<br />land.de] |mayor = Klaus Krüger |party = }} '''Bekmünde''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay takriban 5&nbsp;km ka galbeed ka xigtaa [[Itzehoe]] waxayna takriban 50&nbsp;km ka ammaan-waqooyi ka xigtaa [[Hamburg]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bekmunde}} phajqu8ciqzyq6at9zab85tq4vh8lmn 0 49765 303537 2026-07-30T14:12:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bekond COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|50|57|N|6|48|2|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bekond in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Schweich an der Römischen Weinstraße |elevation = 220 |area = 3.81 |postal_code = 54340 |area_code = 06502 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 004 |website = [http://www.bekond.de/ www.bekond.de] |mayor = Andreas Müller<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bekond''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qz9jhlqehwsor6uzwijmkoce6ao0rxo 0 49766 303538 2026-07-30T14:15:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Beldorf.png |image_coa = DEU Beldorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|7|38|N|9|21|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beldorf in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Mittelholstein |elevation = 38 |area = 12 |postal_code = 25557 |area_code = 04835, 04872 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 013 |website = |mayor = Jens Beckmann |party = }} '''Beldorf''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 79chk1b8pej0g3g6zg7iog7ck1r0dyh 0 49767 303539 2026-07-30T14:16:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = Belg Hunsrueck DSC 9020.jpg | image_coa = DEU Belg COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|49|59|05|N|7|18|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Belg in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Kirchberg | elevation = 440 | area = 4.79 | postal_code = 56858 | area_code = 06543 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 007 | mayor = Karl-Heinz Schneider<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Belg''' ({{IPA|de|bɛlk}}) waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] hoos yimaada ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah munisipaliteetka wadajirka ah – ku yaal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Wuxuu hoos yimaadaa [[Kirchberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kirchberg]], oo xaruntiisu ku taal [[Kirchberg, Rhein-Hunsrück|magaalada la magaca ah]]. ==Juqraafiga== [[File:belg01.jpg|thumb|right|Guryaha beesha ee katirsan katirsanka tuulada]] Munisipaliteetku wuxuu ku yaallaa katirsanka [[Hunsrück]], si sax ah oo ku taalla ''Hunsrückhöhenstraße'' (“Waddada Dhererka Hunsrück”, oo ah waddo dabiici ah oo dhex marta Hunsrück oo markii hore loo dhisay amarka [[Hermann Göring]] oo ah waddo milatari; qaybta dhex marta Belg maanta waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 327). ==Taariikhda== Sanadkii 1295, Belg waxay helay xusuusteedii ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah oo ka dhanka ah [[County of Sponheim|Aamiirada Sponheim]]. Aasaaskan sharafka leh wuxuu siiyay laba kale oo hanti ah. Sida ugu horreysa qarnigii 11aad, [[slate]] ayaa laga qodi jiray Belger Bachtal (dooxa), iyo 15 god oo macdan ah ayaa weli laga shaqeynayay qarnigii 20aad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/wissenswertes02.html |title=Belg’s history |publisher=Kirchberg-hunsrueck.de |access-date=2012-08-20}}</ref> Wixii ka billowday 1794, Belg waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sanadkii 1815 waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia|Pruushiya]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Shirka Vienna]]. Wixii ka dambeeyay 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] cusub ee markaas la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha munisipaliteetka=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo kaniisadeed, oo loo doortay doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo meyerka sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. ===Meyerka=== Meyerka Belg waa Karl-Heinz Schneider, ku-xigeenkiisana waa Klaus Bast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/organe02.html |title=Belg’s council |publisher=Kirchberg-hunsrueck.de |access-date=2012-08-20}}</ref> ===Astaanta coa=== Shanta Jarmalka waxay u qornayd: ''Schräglinks geteilt, vorn in Grün zwei schräggekreuzte silberne Hämmer, belegt mit einer silbernen Ähre, hinten geschacht von Gold und Blau.'' [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] munisipaliteetka oo ku qoran luqadda [[Heraldry|aasaaska eega]] ee Ingiriisiga ayaa ah: Per bend sinister vert a hammer and a sledge per saltire surmounted by an ear of wheat palewise couped argent, and chequy of forty-two Or and azure. Skaalka qamadiga ah ee ku yaal dhanka midig (midigta qaadaha astaanta, bidixda eegaha) wuxuu calaamad u yahay [[agriculture|beeraha]], oo qarni badan muhiimad weyn u lahaa munisipaliteetka. [[charge (heraldry)|Calaamadani]] waxay ku dul taallaa (oo daboolaysa) mid kale, dubbe iyo sledge, oo ah qalabka macdan qodista oo xusuusinaya qarniyadii macdan qodista slate ee munisipaliteetka. [[tincture (heraldry)|Midabka]] vert (cagaar) wuxuu u weecdaa dhulka dhirtu ku badan tahay ee munisipaliteetka. Nashqadda "chequy" ee dhanka bidix (bidixda qaadaha astaanta, midigta eegaha) waxay u weecataa daacadnimadii hore ee Belg ee "Further" County of Sponheim. Waxay ku taallay ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' ee Kirchberg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/wappenbeschreibung02.html |title=Description and explanation of Belg’s arms |publisher=Kirchberg-hunsrueck.de |access-date=2012-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316122223/http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/wappenbeschreibung02.html |archive-date=2012-03-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Belg}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5129430/g6fltb/ Belg ku jirta barnaamijka telefishinka ''Hierzuland''] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} r1hcv6q6wll22kb32zd4vemjzenc9z2 303624 303539 2026-07-31T05:02:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = Belg Hunsrueck DSC 9020.jpg | image_coa = DEU Belg COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|49|59|05|N|7|18|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Belg in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Kirchberg | elevation = 440 | area = 4.79 | postal_code = 56858 | area_code = 06543 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 007 | mayor = Karl-Heinz Schneider<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Belg''' ({{IPA|de|bɛlk}}) waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] hoos yimaada ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah munisipaliteetka wadajirka ah – ku yaal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Wuxuu hoos yimaadaa [[Kirchberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kirchberg]], oo xaruntiisu ku taal [[Kirchberg, Rhein-Hunsrück|magaalada la magaca ah]]. ==Juqraafiga== [[File:belg01.jpg|thumb|right|Guryaha beesha ee katirsan katirsanka tuulada]] Munisipaliteetku wuxuu ku yaallaa katirsanka [[Hunsrück]], si sax ah oo ku taalla ''Hunsrückhöhenstraße'' (“Waddada Dhererka Hunsrück”, oo ah waddo dabiici ah oo dhex marta Hunsrück oo markii hore loo dhisay amarka [[Hermann Göring]] oo ah waddo milatari; qaybta dhex marta Belg maanta waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 327). ==Taariikhda== Sanadkii 1295, Belg waxay helay xusuusteedii ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah oo ka dhanka ah [[County of Sponheim|Aamiirada Sponheim]]. Aasaaskan sharafka leh wuxuu siiyay laba kale oo hanti ah. Sida ugu horreysa qarnigii 11aad, [[slate]] ayaa laga qodi jiray Belger Bachtal (dooxa), iyo 15 god oo macdan ah ayaa weli laga shaqeynayay qarnigii 20aad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/wissenswertes02.html |title=Belg’s history |publisher=Kirchberg-hunsrueck.de |access-date=2012-08-20 |archive-date=2016-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018212857/http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/wissenswertes02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wixii ka billowday 1794, Belg waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sanadkii 1815 waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia|Pruushiya]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Shirka Vienna]]. Wixii ka dambeeyay 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] cusub ee markaas la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha munisipaliteetka=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo kaniisadeed, oo loo doortay doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo meyerka sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. ===Meyerka=== Meyerka Belg waa Karl-Heinz Schneider, ku-xigeenkiisana waa Klaus Bast.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/organe02.html |title=Belg’s council |publisher=Kirchberg-hunsrueck.de |access-date=2012-08-20 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316122026/http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/organe02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Astaanta coa=== Shanta Jarmalka waxay u qornayd: ''Schräglinks geteilt, vorn in Grün zwei schräggekreuzte silberne Hämmer, belegt mit einer silbernen Ähre, hinten geschacht von Gold und Blau.'' [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] munisipaliteetka oo ku qoran luqadda [[Heraldry|aasaaska eega]] ee Ingiriisiga ayaa ah: Per bend sinister vert a hammer and a sledge per saltire surmounted by an ear of wheat palewise couped argent, and chequy of forty-two Or and azure. Skaalka qamadiga ah ee ku yaal dhanka midig (midigta qaadaha astaanta, bidixda eegaha) wuxuu calaamad u yahay [[agriculture|beeraha]], oo qarni badan muhiimad weyn u lahaa munisipaliteetka. [[charge (heraldry)|Calaamadani]] waxay ku dul taallaa (oo daboolaysa) mid kale, dubbe iyo sledge, oo ah qalabka macdan qodista oo xusuusinaya qarniyadii macdan qodista slate ee munisipaliteetka. [[tincture (heraldry)|Midabka]] vert (cagaar) wuxuu u weecdaa dhulka dhirtu ku badan tahay ee munisipaliteetka. Nashqadda "chequy" ee dhanka bidix (bidixda qaadaha astaanta, midigta eegaha) waxay u weecataa daacadnimadii hore ee Belg ee "Further" County of Sponheim. Waxay ku taallay ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' ee Kirchberg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/wappenbeschreibung02.html |title=Description and explanation of Belg’s arms |publisher=Kirchberg-hunsrueck.de |access-date=2012-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316122223/http://www.kirchberg-hunsrueck.de/wappenbeschreibung02.html |archive-date=2012-03-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Belg}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5129430/g6fltb/ Belg ku jirta barnaamijka telefishinka ''Hierzuland''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5129430/g6fltb/ |date=20160526100237 }} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 0j7uuvznxycnnapjls055eftf2dl7r8 0 49768 303540 2026-07-30T14:18:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | type = Ortsgemeinde | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Belgweiler COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|49|56|41.23|N|7|29|11.13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Belgweiler in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Simmern-Rheinböllen | elevation = 340 | area = 3.39 | postal_code = 55469 | area_code = 06761 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 008 | divisions = 2 | website = {{URL|http://www.belgweiler.net/}} | mayor = Herbert Lang<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 | party = }} '''Belgweiler''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛlkvaɪlɐ}}) waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] hoos yimaada ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah munisipaliteetka wadajirka ah – ku yaal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Wuxuu hoos yimaadaa ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], oo xaruntiisu ku taal [[Simmern]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Mawqica=== Munisipaliteetku wuxuu ku yaallaa dooxa Simmerbach ee katirsanka [[Hunsrück]]. ===Bulshooyinka dhismayaasha ah=== Belgweiler waxay leedahay tuulo yar oo ka baxsan oo la yiraahdo Wimmersbacherhof. ===Isticmaalka dhulka=== Tani waxay ku paraxaysaa Belgweiler sida soo socota: *[[Agriculture|Beeraha]] – 68.9% *[[Forest|Dhirtu u badan tahay]] – 18.8% *[[Water|Astaanta biyaha]] – 1.0% *Degaanka iyo gaadiidka – 11.2% *Kale – 0.1% ==Taariikhda== Sanadkii 1285, Belgweiler waxay helay xusuusteedii ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah. Wixii ka billowday 1794, Belgweiler waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sanadkii 1815, waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia|Pruushiya]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Shirka Vienna]]. Wixii ka dambeeyay 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] cusub ee markaas la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha munisipaliteetka=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo kaniisadeed, oo loo doortay nidaamka doorashada aqlabiyadda doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo meyerka sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1400700800.html Natiijooyinka doorashada munisipaliteetka ee Belgweiler]. {{Archive url|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720102320/http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1400700800.html|date=2011-07-20}}</ref> ===Meyerka=== Meyerka Belgweiler waa Herbert Lang.<ref name=mayor/> ===Astaanta coa=== Shanta Jarmalka waxay u qornayd: ''{{lang|de|In schräg links gestelltem Schild vorne in Schwarz ein rotbewehrter und gezungter wachsender goldener Löwe, hinten in Gold ein von Silber und Rot in zwei Reihen geschachtelter Balken, unten wachsend ein schwarzer Krummstab.}}'' [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] munisipaliteetka oo ku qoran luqadda [[Heraldry|aasaaska eega]] ee Ingiriisiga ayaa ah: Per bend sinister sable a demilion Or armed and langued gules and Or a fess countercompony argent and gules, issuant from base the head of an abbot's staff turned to sinister of the first. [[charge (heraldry)|Calaamadda]] ku taalla dhanka midig (midigta qaadaha astaanta, bidixda eegaha), ee [[Palatine lion]], waxay u weecdaa milkiilayaashii dhulka ee hore, Aamiirada Palatinate-Simmern iyo [[Elector of the Palatinate]]. Nashqadda fess countercompony ah (oo ah, qaab laba saf ah oo jeegaga ah) waxay u weecdaa Aamiirada “Hinder” [[County of Sponheim]], oo lahaan jiray ''[[Ortsteil]]'' ee Wimmersbacherhof. Shaqaalaha abbot-ka wuxuu u weecdaa milkiile kale oo dhul, oo lahaan jiray laba hanti oo tuulada ku yaal, Kaniisadda Ravengiersburg.<ref>[http://www.belgweiler.net/Ortsbeschreibung.htm1.htm Description and explanation of Belgweiler’s arms] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725020748/http://www.belgweiler.net/Ortsbeschreibung.htm1.htm |date=July 25, 2010 }}</ref> ==Dhaqanka iyo daawashada== [[File:Belgweiler-anna-kapelle01.jpg|thumb|Hauptstraße: Katholische Kapelle St. Anna]] [[File:Wimmersbacherhof01.jpg|thumb|Wimmersbacher Hof]] ===Dhismayaasha=== Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama meelo loo diiwaan geliyay ee Buugga Taallooyinka Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]: * [[Saint Anne|Astaanta Anna]] ee [[Catholic Church|Kaniisadda Katoolikada]] (''Kapelle St. Anna''), Hauptstraße – [[aisleless church|kaniisad yar oo aan lahayn meelaha dhinacyada]], qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 18aad * Hauptstraße – [[Cast iron|birta la shubay]] ee dooxada tubbada, oo ka baxday shaqada birta ee Stromberg, ee calaamadeysan 1884 * Hauptstraße 8 – dhismaha hantida ee pitiga ah; [[Timber framing|guriga jirkiisa alwaaxda yahay]], qaybta ganacsiga, ee calaamadeysan 1872 * Hauptstraße 15 – ''Quereinhaus'' (guri isugu jira degaan iyo ganacsi oo loo qaybiyay labadan ujeedo dhexda, ka xiga wadada), alwaaxda oo la malaasay, qarnigii 19aad * Mühlenweg 3 – shiididii hore; guriga alwaaxda yahay, saqafka oo kala hanta ah, qarnigii 18aad * Wimmersbacher Hof 1 – guriga alwaaxda yahay, oo qayb ahaan adag ama slate ah, qeybtii dambe ee qarnigii 19aad, maqsinka, oo qayb ahaan alwaax ah; dhammaan dhismaha dhismayaasha<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district]</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category|Belgweiler}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723024215/http://www.belgweiler.net/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee munisipaliteetka] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} iifsv26r6nslvefcfqjm09um426vnag 0 49769 303541 2026-07-30T14:20:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bellenberg COA.svg |image_photo = Alte Kirche - panoramio - Mayer Richard.jpg |image_caption = Kiniisada ee Saints Peter iyo Paul |coordinates = {{coord|48|15|N|10|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bellenberg in NU.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Neu-Ulm |elevation = 504 |area = 5.12 |postal_code = 89287 |area_code = 07306 |licence = NU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 75 115 |mayor = Oliver Schönfeld<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 28 January 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = CSU |website = [http://www.gemeinde-bellenberg.de www.gemeinde-bellenberg.de] }} '''Bellenberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛlənbɛʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Neu-Ulm (district)|Neu-Ulm]] ee [[Bavaria|Bafaariya]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} smk8qv7ydjodl362n1qjh0iuiuv07qv 0 49770 303542 2026-07-30T14:22:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bellheim COA.svg |image_flag = Flagge Bellheim.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|11|53|N|08|16|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bellheim in GER.svg |state = |district = Germersheim |Verbandsgemeinde = Bellheim |elevation = 113 |area = 20.44 |postal_code = 76756 |area_code = 07272 |licence = GER |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 34 001 |website = [http://www.bellheim.de/ www.bellheim.de] |mayor = Paul Gärtner<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3340000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Germersheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bellheim''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Germersheim (district)|degmada Germersheim]] ee [[States of Germany|gobolka Jarmalka]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Waxay ku taallaa galbeedka [[Rhine]], takriban {{convert|13|km|0}} bariga ka xigtaa [[Landau]] iyo {{cvt|15|km|0}} waqooyi-galbeed ka xigtaa magaalada [[Karlsruhe]]. Waxay guri u tahay Bellheimer Brauerei (qayb ka mid ah Park & Bellheimer AG), oo ah warshad khamriga oo soo saarta biirka Bellheimer Lord, Bellheimer Silberpils, iyo Bellheimer Naturtrüb iyo biyaha macdanta ee Bellaris. Bellheim waa xarunta ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' ("munisipaliteetka wadajirka ah") [[Bellheim (Verbandsgemeinde)|Bellheim]]. [[Bellheim station|Xarunta tareenka ee Bellheim]] waxay ku taallaa [[Schifferstadt–Wörth railway]] waxaana u adeega [[Karlsruhe Stadtbahn]]. ==Kudhaqanka hadda iyo kuwa hore== * Anton Spiehler (1795-1867), xoghayaha bisbada Katoolikada, meelaha ruuxiga ah iyo kapitular-ka kaniisadda ee Diocese ee Speyer * Michael Bayersdörfer (1867-1940), siyaasi iyo ku-xigeenka Reichstag (BVP) 1924-1933 * Manfred Kramer (wuxuu dhashay 1939), siyaasi (CDU), xubin ka mid ah [[Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate]] 1981-2003 * Richard Bolz (wuxuu dhashay 1947), Jeneraalkii hore ee [[German Army Aviation Corps]] * [[Georg Gawliczek]], (1919-1999), 1955/56 tababaraha kubbadda cagta ee Phönix Bellheim * Andy Becht (wuxuu dhashay 1974), qareen iyo siyaasi (FDP), wuxuu ku nool yahay Bellheim * [[Yemisi Ogunleye]] (waxay dhalatay 1998), horyaalka Olombikada ee toogashada ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.bellheim.de Bogga dawladda hoose ee Bellheim] {{in lang|de}} *[http://www.bellheimer.de Biirka Bellheimer] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} q34kfy8s2ij24297qhc1gey8ml2zk55 0 49771 303543 2026-07-30T14:23:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|16|23|N|10|47|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bellstedt in KYF.png |state = |district = Kyffhäuserkreis |elevation = 225 |area = 4.77 |postal_code = 99713 |area_code = 036020 |licence = KYF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 65 005 |mayor = Thomas Trietchen<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Bellstedt''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Kyffhäuserkreis]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mo1b29gfuut2ca1lq2y1hh45hqgitjx 0 49772 303544 2026-07-30T14:25:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Belrieth.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|31|N|10|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Belrieth in SM.png |state = |district = Schmalkalden-Meiningen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Dolmar-Salzbrücke |elevation = 311 |area = 9.93 |postal_code = 98617 |area_code = 036949 |licence = SM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 66 005 |website = [http://www.belrieth.de/ www.belrieth.de] |mayor = Dieter Antler<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = }} '''Belrieth''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Schmalkalden-Meiningen]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0si470kz2dofufb3grfbjmbbozgb4mx 0 49773 303545 2026-07-30T14:26:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Belsch.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|19|N|11|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Belsch_in_LUP.svg |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Hagenow-Land |elevation = 19 |area = 22.59 |postal_code = 19230 |area_code = 038854 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 008 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.amt-hagenow-land.de/ www.amt-hagenow-land.de] |mayor = Dieter Friedrichs }} '''Belsch''' ({{IPA|de|bɛlʃ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 55cygym78be45rp6fmwyrswa7e8cfb7 0 49774 303546 2026-07-30T14:28:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Belum |German_name = |type = |image_photo = Belum 2006 -St.-Vitus-Kirche- by-RaBoe 02.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kiniisada Evangelical Lutheran ee St. Vitus |image_flag = Flagge Belum.png |image_coa = DEU Belum COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|49|05|N|08|59|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Belum in CUX.svg |state = |district = Cuxhaven |Samtgemeinde = Land Hadeln |elevation = 2 |area = 25.72 |postal_code = 21785 |area_code = 04752 |licence = CUX |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 52 004 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.gemeinde-belum.de/ www.gemeinde-belum.de] |mayor = Karl-Heinz Linck |party = }} '''Belum''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Cuxhaven (district)|Cuxhaven]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Lasiyada Hoose]], Jarmalka. ==Taariikhda== Belum waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]]. Dhexe ee qarnigii 16aad dadka deegaanka waxay qaateen Luutheranka. Intii lagu jiray qabsashadii [[Catholic League (German)|Isbahaysiga Katoolikada]] ee ka hoosaysay [[Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly|Tilly]] (1628–1630), waxay ka dhibtoodeen iskudayadii dib-u-Katoolikaynta. Sanadkii 1648, ameerika-kiniisad-sare waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], oo markii hore lagu xukumayay [[personal union|midow shakhsi ah]] oo ay lahaayeen Iswidishka iyo laga bilaabo 1715 [[House of Hanover|Aasaaska Hanoverian]]. Sanadkii 1807, kumeelgaarka [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] ayaa qabsaday ama ku daray duchy-ga, ka hor intaysan [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] qabsan sanadkii 1810. Sanadkii 1813, duchy-ga waxaa loo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], oo – ka dib markii loo cusboaysiiyay [[Kingdom of Hanover]] sanadkii 1814 – ay ku dartay duchy-ga [[real union|midow dhab ah]] iyo dhulka ducal-ka, oo ay ku jirto Belum, wuxuu qayb ka noqday [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]], oo la aasaasay sanadkii 1823. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} ihklsajbrw8r2iek0r2n385xidu4ufi 0 49775 303547 2026-07-30T14:30:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Bendestorf.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|20|N|9|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bendestorf in WL.svg |state = |district = Harburg |Samtgemeinde = Jesteburg |elevation = 36 |area = 3.88 |postal_code = 21227 |area_code = 04183 |licence = WL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 53 003 |mayor = Bernd Beiersdorf }} '''Bendestorf''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Lower Saxony|Lasiyada Hoose]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa takriban 30&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigtaa [[Hamburg]] waxayna ka tirsan tahay Landkreis (degmada) [[Harburg (district)|Harburg]] iyo ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ee [[Jesteburg]]. Xusuustii ugu horreysay ee Bendestorf waxay dib uga dhaceysaa sanadkii 970. Dadkeeda hadda waa takriban 2300 (2022). Qarnigii dagaalka ka dib Bendestorf waxay si wanaagsan lagu ogaa istuudiyaha filimada oo ay ku filimayn jireen aktarada [[Hildegard Knef]] (ama [[Hildegard Neff]]) iyo aktaro kale oo caanka ah ee Jarmalka. ==Daawashada== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060304052259/http://www.bendestorf-online.de/gemeinde/sehenswuerdig/makens.htm Makens-Huus] ee Poststraße, oo ka soo bilaabantay 1640 oo guri u ah [https://web.archive.org/web/20060303010000/http://www.bendestorf-online.de/gemeinde/verwaltung.htm maamulka munisipaliteetka] iyo [http://www.bendestorf.de/filmmuseum/ein-stueck-filmgeschichte/ Filmmuseum], oo loo hibeyay soo saarista filimada Jarmalka ee dagaalka ka dib ee mp-ga ah. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060304052311/http://www.bendestorf-online.de/gemeinde/sehenswuerdig/scheune.htm Thiemann-Scheune] (seynada Thiemann) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060304052228/http://www.bendestorf-online.de/gemeinde/sehenswuerdig/muehle.htm Wassermühle] (shiidka biyaha) * Hünengrab (qabriga weyn), qabuuraha waqtiga dhagaxa ee ka soo jeeda [[Neolithic]] 2500 BC ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} ddxc200keb7s27zkgpntuozmmr9ifzt 0 49776 303548 2026-07-30T14:31:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Bendfeld.png |image_coa = DEU Bendfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|22|N|10|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bendfeld in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Probstei |elevation = 47 |area = 4.41 |postal_code = 24217 |area_code = 04344 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 006 |website = [http://www.amt-probstei.de/ www.amt-probstei.de] |mayor = Ingo Lage |party = SPD }} '''Bendfeld''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Plön (district)|Plön]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} lc24d4rnuubs8mbblyf7son33i2wfa7 0 49777 303549 2026-07-30T14:33:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|25|N|10|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Bengerstorf_in_LUP.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Boizenburg-Land |elevation = 15 |area = 32.78 |postal_code = 19258 |area_code = 038842, 038843,<br>038844, 038847 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 009 |divisions = 5 |website = [http://www.amtboizenburgland.de/ www.amtboizenburgland.de] |mayor = Günter Meyer |party = }} '''Bengerstorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} h1tdgc2mevesvspgy528fnk4dcd1uq3 0 49778 303550 2026-07-30T14:35:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|58|N|12|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Benitz_in_LRO.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Schwaan |elevation = 13 |area = 9.50 |postal_code = 18258 |area_code = 03844 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 011 |website = [http://www.amt-schwaan.de www.amt-schwaan.de] |mayor = Rainer Mohsakowski |party = }} '''Benitz''' ({{Langx|pl|Benice}})<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej |url=http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |access-date=2025-05-02 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154235/http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Sanadkii 1270, magaca meeshan waxaa loo diiwaan geliyay sidii ''Benizdorp'', iyo, sanadkii 1286, sidii ''Beens''.<ref name=":0" /> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} casauuw3m8dmeddtqf24tvrnhz3gjic 0 49779 303551 2026-07-30T14:37:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Benndorf |image_photo = |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-87-045 Benndorf COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|34|N|11|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Benndorf in MSH.svg |state = |district = Mansfeld-Südharz |Verbandsgemeinde= Mansfelder Grund-Helbra |elevation = 242 |area = 5.77 |postal_code = 06308 |area_code = 034772 |licence = MSH, EIL, HET, ML, SGH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 87 045 |mayor = Matthias Jentsch<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 7 March 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Benndorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛndɔʁf}}) waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Mansfeld-Südharz]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} h0eexpg3r61m5f677cz7jpn7k5f7sg7 0 49780 303552 2026-07-30T14:38:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen_bennewitz.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|21|35|N|12|42|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bennewitz in L.svg |state = |district = Leipzig |elevation = 117 |area = 46.42 |postal_code = 04828 |area_code = 03425 |licence = L |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14729030 |divisions = 12 |website = [http://www.gemeinde-bennewitz.de/ www.gemeinde-bennewitz.de] |mayor = Bernd Laqua<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2020], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Bennewitz''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Leipzig (district)|Leipzig]] ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Haddan Bennewitz waa koox ka kooban dhowr tuulo oo ay maamusho tuulada Bennewitz. Tuulada weyn ee Bennewitz waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee laga dego dooxada [[Mulde]]. Waxaa u badan inay magaceeda ka heshay Bono ama Bonislaw oo halkan degay noin 1200 sano ka hor. Magacu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Sorbian (ewag [[Wends]]), sida magacyo badan oo dhul ahaan ka jira gobolka. Xarunta tuulada hore waxay leedahay muuqda tuulada '[[Rundling]]' ee Sorbian (Wendish). == Gaadiidka == Bennewitz waxay ku taallaa isgoyska jidka weyn ee B6 iyo jidka weyn ee B107. Ka hore wuxuu ku xiraa mp-ga magaalada Leipzig. Tuuladu waxay leedahay saldhig tareen oo ay u shaqeeyaan tareennada commuter-ka ee maxalliga ah. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4vbqcmg3owski170h79uz5nwidbdoz0 0 49781 303553 2026-07-30T14:40:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo =Bennhausen Ostansicht Juli 2010.jpg |image_coa = DEU Bennhausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|37|20.88|N|7|58|44.54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bennhausen in KIB.svg |state = |district = Donnersbergkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Kirchheimbolanden |elevation = 281 <!-- Quelle: http://www.geodatenzentrum.de --> |area = 1.49 |postal_code = 67808 |area_code = 06357 |licence = KIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 33 005 |website = [http://www.kirchheimbolanden.de/273_1031.html kirchheimbolanden.de] |mayor = Reinhard Horsch<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Donnersbergkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bennhausen''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Donnersbergkreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kirchheimbolanden (Verbandsgemeinde)|Verbandsgemeinde ee Kirchheimbolanden]]. ==Juqraafiga== Bennhausen waxay leedahay dhul ballaciisu yahay 1.49&nbsp;km². Waxay ku taallaa [[North Palatine Uplands]], cagta [[Donnersberg]], oo qiyaastii 3&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta tuulada. Dhulka galbeedka iyo waqooyiga ee dhulka buuraha leh waxaa u badan beeraha miro-dhalka, iyo kaynta oo ku dhowaad gaarta meelaha ka ngoài ee tuulada. Dhulka koonfurta iyo bariga waxaa u badan dhul beereed. Munisipaliteetyada dariska la ah waa [[Weitersweiler]] (koonfur-bari), [[Jakobsweiler]] (galbeed), [[Dannenfels]] (waqooyi-galbeed) iyo [[Bolanden]] (bari). ==Taariikhda== Bennhausen waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaan geliyay, sanadkii 1252, sidii ''Benninhusen''. Sanadkii 1376, magaaladu waxay ka tirsanayd [[Electorate of the Palatinate|Palatinate]]. Intii lagu jiray [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soggashada Sano]], Bennhausen guud ahaan waa la burburiyay. Sanadkii 1706, waxaa siiyay Earls-ka [[Nassau-Weilburg]]. Wixii ka dambeeyay 1816, Bennhausen waxay ka tirsanayd munisipaliteetka Dannenfels.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} ==Maamulka== ===Siyaasadda=== {{Update|section|date=January 2013}} [[local government|Golaha maxalliga ah]] ee Bennhausen wuxuu ka kooban yahay oo lix xubnood, oo ku dooran doona [[majority vote|codka aqlabiyadda]], iyo [[Title of honor|sharaf-ku-lahaye]] [[mayor|duqa magaalada]] oo ah gudoomiye. [[local elections|Doorashooyinkii maxalliga ahaa]] ee ugu dambeeyay waxay dhaceen 7 June 2009.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3330400500.html | title=LWL RLP - Kommunalwahlen: Ergebnisse der Ratswahlen: Wahlergebnisse 2009: Stadt- und Gemeinderatswahlen }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Duqyada Magaalada<ref>[http://www.kirchheimbolanden.de/1435_1031.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106235011/http://www.kirchheimbolanden.de/1435_1031.html |date=2013-01-06 }}.</ref> |- | 1960–1974 || Richard Zerger |- | 1974–1982 || Erich Eymann |- | 1983–1993 || Reinhold Huy |- | 1994– || Reinhard Horsch |} ===Astanta gaarka ah=== [[coat of arms|Astanta gaarka ah]] waa "casaan iyo qalin si chabeen ah loo qeybiyay, sare ee xagga midig giraangiraha silver-ka ah oo lix af leh, hooska xagga bidix cawl cas oo ay dooxaday feyl cas". Waxaa ansixiyay sanadkii 1976 [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz|dowladda degmada Neustadt]]. [[Wheel of Mainz|Giraangiraha Mainz]] wuxuu xusuusinayaa in Bennhausen ay ka tirsan tahay [[diocese of Mainz]]. Cawlku waa sifaadka [[Saint Giles]], oo ka mid ah [[Fourteen Holy Helpers]], oo ay kiniisad hore u heysay.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}} ==Dhaqaalaha iyo kabayaasha dhaqaalaha== Sida caadiga ah tuulooyinka la midka ah, meeshu waxay lahayd muuqda, illaa 1960-kii, ee beeraha. Maanta, shaqada maalinlaha ah (commuters) ayaa maamula, marka laga eego dhanka dhaqaalaha. Dhowr meelood oo cusub ayaa la aasaasay qiyaastii 1980 iyo 2005, si isku xigta. Xarunta asalka ah, guryo dhowr ah ayaa lagu sameeyay dib-u-habayn oo ay sameeyeen dadka deegaanka iyo kuwa cusubba. Waxaa sidoo kale jira hanti beereed hore. [[elementary school|Dugsigii hoose]] ee hore, oo shaqaynayay illaa 1960, ayaa si ful ah loo dib-u-habeeyay loona sii ballaariyay; hadda wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii xarunta bulshada ee ujeedooyinka kala duwan. Bennhausen waxay leedahay [[volunteer fire department|waaxda dabdemiska ee mutadawiciinta]], oo ay ku jirto [[Junior firefighter|Kooxda Dabdemiska ee Dhallinyarada]]. Taageerayaasha bulshada waxay soo abaabulaan dhacdooyinka dhaqanka, festifaallada iyo bandhigyada, oo ka dhaca todobaadka 3-aad ee Ogosto. [[Landesstraße|L 397]] waxay sii maraysaa tuulada. Qiyaastii 3&nbsp;km koonfur bari, meesha laga baxo ee [[Göllheim]], waxay ku xirantahay [[A63 motorway (Germany)|A 63]] ([[Kaiserslautern]] - [[Mainz]]). Dhanka koonfur-galbeed, Kaiserslautern waa qiyaastii 30&nbsp;km. Waqooyiga, Mainz waxay u jirtaa noin 50&nbsp;km. [[Dreisen]], oo 4&nbsp;km u jirta Bennhausen, khadka tareenka waa la xray oo wuxuu shaqeeyaa oo kaliya dhammaadka todobaadka inta lagu jiro mieaha xagaaga, iyadoo loo marayo [[Zellertal railway]]. Saldhiga tareenka ee caadiga ah ee ugu dhow wuxuu ku yaal [[Kirchheimbolanden]], oo ku xiran [[Alzey]] iyo [[Mainz]], iyo sidoo kale [[Winnweiler]], oo halkaas uga xiranta [[Kaiserslautern]] iyo [[Bad Kreuznach]]. ==Tirada dadka== Bennhausen waxay leedahay tirada dadka oo ah 156 (ilaa December 31, 2011). {| class="wikitable" |+ Tirada dadka<ref>On December, 31.</ref> |- |2004|| 2006|| 2009||2010 ||2011 |- |141||148|| 145||157 ||156 |} ==Xusuusin== {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac== * Reinhold Huy, ''Vom Hofgut zum Dorf: Bennhausen. Ein Ort schreibt Geschichte'', Gemeinde Bennhausen, 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-926306-60-9}}. ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130528170329/http://www.kirchheimbolanden.de/272_1031.html Official webpage]. * [http://www.rlb.de/cgi-bin/wwwalleg/wiki.pl?db=rpb&index=1&zeilen=1&s1=o33304005? Literature on Bennhausen] at the [http://www.rlb.de/cgi-bin/wwwalleg/maske.pl?db=rpb Bibliographie of Rhineland-Palatinate] {{Commons category|Bennhausen}} {{Authority control}} lfj13ajmds4cfqij091uli0pg5fhuwx 0 49782 303554 2026-07-30T14:42:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Benningen (Schwaben) COA.svg |image_photo = Benningen Rathaus.jpg |image_caption = Aqalka hoose ee magaalada |coordinates = {{coord|47|58|N|10|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Benningen in MN.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Unterallgäu |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Memmingerberg |elevation = 601 |area = 11.17 |postal_code = 87734 |area_code = 08331 |licence = MN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 78 118 |website = [https://www.benningen-allgaeu.de/ www.benningen-allgaeu.de] |mayor = Martin Osterrieder<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Benningen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛnɪŋən}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Unterallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Magaaladu waxay leedahay [[Municipal association (Germany)|urur munisipaliteet]] oo ay la leedahay [[Memmingerberg]]. [[File:Benningen, die katholische Pfarrkirche Sankt Peter und Paul Dm- D-7-78-118-5 foto6 2014-07-28 15.45.jpg|Kiniisada Katoolikada ah ee Saints Peter iyo Paul|thumb|left|260px]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} g43i5d6sj0pqlr379mh2e3gwmyg1d2k 0 49783 303555 2026-07-30T14:43:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Expand German|topic=geo|date=February 2009|Benningen am Neckar}} {{Infobox German location |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 18 006 |image_coa = DEU Benningen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|56|42|N|09|14|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Benningen im Landkreis Ludwigsburg.png |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Ludwigsburg |elevation = 210 |area = 4.87 |postal_code = 71726 |area_code = 07144 |licence = LB |website = [http://www.benningen.de/ www.benningen.de] |mayor = Klaus Warthon<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-benningen-am-neckar-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Benningen am Neckar 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = }} '''Benningen am Neckar''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛnɪŋən ʔam ˈnɛkaʁ}}, {{lit|Benningen ee [[Neckar]]}}; [[Swabian German|Swabian]]: ''Bẽnnenge'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Ludwigsburg (district)|Ludwigsburg]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Benningen.jpg|thumb|Benningen am Neckar]] == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 85 AD, xadka Neckar-Odenwald wuxuu ahaa xadda Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Roomaanku waxay dhiseen [[Limes Germanicus]] si ay xaddan u adkeeyaan. Pitada xadka waxay ka dhiseen dhufaysyo masaafod isku mid ah, oo ay ku jirto [[castra|castrum]] yar oo ku taalla dhabarka koonfur-bari ee tuulada maanta. Afka webiga Murr oo ka dhiimasho ah webiga Neckar ayaa laga yaabaa inuu door ka qaatay doorashada meesha istaraateejiga ah. Qiyaastii 150 AD xaddii iyo dhufayskii waxaa loo raray bariga dhanka [[Murrhardt]], laakiin deegaan shacab ah ayaa halkaas ku baaqi karray. Sannadkii 260 AD, [[Alemanni]] ayaa barakiciyay Roomaankii oo degeen gobolka. Magaca Benningen wuxuu u badan yahay inuu ka yimid magaca horjoogaha qabiilka, oo loo adag yahay in loogu yeeri jiray Bunno. Sannadkii 779 magaalada waxaa markii ugu horreysay loo diiwaan geliyay Bunninga, markii kaniisadda Fulda ay halkaas ku heshay hanti dhowr ah. Mulkiilayaasha kale ee dhulka waxay ahaayeen [[Lorsch Abbey]] iyo [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer|Kiniisadda Speyer]]. Sannadkii 1351 iyo ugu dambayntii 1497 bulshadu waxay u gudubtay Württemberg waxayna ka tirsanayd Xafiiska [[Marbach am Neckar|Marbach]]. Wixii ka dambeeyay 1718 magaalada cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Ludwigsburg]] waxay noqotay xarunta cusub ee gobolka, sidaas darteed Benningen waxaa loo reebey oo lagu daray 1762 qayb ka mid ah degmada Ludwigsburg. Sannadkii 1579 maamulaha dugsiga naxwaha ee dariska la ah ee Marbach, Simon Studion, wuxuu helay baaqa Roomaanka wuxuu kaxeeyay qoditaan. Qoditaanka cilmiga qadiimiga ah ee nidaamsan ee castrum-ka iyo magaalada Roomaanka waxaa sameeyay [[Eduard von Kallee|Jeneraal Edward ee Kallee]] qarnigii 19aad, oo garawsaday muhiimaddeeda istaraateejiga ah ee ku batay tixgelin ciidan. Waxyaabihii uu helay waxaa hadda lagu bandhigay Aqalka Hoose ee cusub ee Magaalada, gudihiisa Aqalka Hoose ee Magaalada laftiisa waxaa ku yaal matxafka Roomaanka. Meel dhow waxaa lagu helay leexda [[Jupiter Column]], oo caadi ahaan lagu kor tusi jiray sanamka Jupiter, oo inta badan faras saaran, oo ku tumanaaya [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Abris]], inta badan loo muujiyo sidii mas. Matxaf kale oo yar oo ku yaal Benningen, oo ka shaqeeya waxyaabo kale oo ay ku jirto taariikhda Roomaanka ee meesha waa "Museum im Adler", oo ku yaal guri beereed hore iyo hotel laga soo bilaabo 1630. == Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada == * [[August Pauly]], (1796–1845), aqoonyahan cilmiga qadiimiga ah iyo madbacada * [[Gottlieb Storz]], (1852–1939), ganacsade horjooge ah ee Omaha, Nebraska, aasaasaha [[Storz Brewery]] * [[Willi Entenmann]], (1943–2012), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta (VfB Stuttgart) iyo tababare ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Benningen Am Neckar}} b3lyr5g0756izfpjn6b59kxwz1ll8oe 303556 303555 2026-07-30T14:44:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 18 006 |image_coa = DEU Benningen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|56|42|N|09|14|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Benningen im Landkreis Ludwigsburg.png |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Ludwigsburg |elevation = 210 |area = 4.87 |postal_code = 71726 |area_code = 07144 |licence = LB |website = [http://www.benningen.de/ www.benningen.de] |mayor = Klaus Warthon<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-benningen-am-neckar-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Benningen am Neckar 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = }} '''Benningen am Neckar''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛnɪŋən ʔam ˈnɛkaʁ}}, {{lit|Benningen ee [[Neckar]]}}; [[Swabian German|Swabian]]: ''Bẽnnenge'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Ludwigsburg (district)|Ludwigsburg]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Benningen.jpg|thumb|Benningen am Neckar]] == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 85 AD, xadka Neckar-Odenwald wuxuu ahaa xadda Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Roomaanku waxay dhiseen [[Limes Germanicus]] si ay xaddan u adkeeyaan. Pitada xadka waxay ka dhiseen dhufaysyo masaafod isku mid ah, oo ay ku jirto [[castra|castrum]] yar oo ku taalla dhabarka koonfur-bari ee tuulada maanta. Afka webiga Murr oo ka dhiimasho ah webiga Neckar ayaa laga yaabaa inuu door ka qaatay doorashada meesha istaraateejiga ah. Qiyaastii 150 AD xaddii iyo dhufayskii waxaa loo raray bariga dhanka [[Murrhardt]], laakiin deegaan shacab ah ayaa halkaas ku baaqi karray. Sannadkii 260 AD, [[Alemanni]] ayaa barakiciyay Roomaankii oo degeen gobolka. Magaca Benningen wuxuu u badan yahay inuu ka yimid magaca horjoogaha qabiilka, oo loo adag yahay in loogu yeeri jiray Bunno. Sannadkii 779 magaalada waxaa markii ugu horreysay loo diiwaan geliyay Bunninga, markii kaniisadda Fulda ay halkaas ku heshay hanti dhowr ah. Mulkiilayaasha kale ee dhulka waxay ahaayeen [[Lorsch Abbey]] iyo [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer|Kiniisadda Speyer]]. Sannadkii 1351 iyo ugu dambayntii 1497 bulshadu waxay u gudubtay Württemberg waxayna ka tirsanayd Xafiiska [[Marbach am Neckar|Marbach]]. Wixii ka dambeeyay 1718 magaalada cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Ludwigsburg]] waxay noqotay xarunta cusub ee gobolka, sidaas darteed Benningen waxaa loo reebey oo lagu daray 1762 qayb ka mid ah degmada Ludwigsburg. Sannadkii 1579 maamulaha dugsiga naxwaha ee dariska la ah ee Marbach, Simon Studion, wuxuu helay baaqa Roomaanka wuxuu kaxeeyay qoditaan. Qoditaanka cilmiga qadiimiga ah ee nidaamsan ee castrum-ka iyo magaalada Roomaanka waxaa sameeyay [[Eduard von Kallee|Jeneraal Edward ee Kallee]] qarnigii 19aad, oo garawsaday muhiimaddeeda istaraateejiga ah ee ku batay tixgelin ciidan. Waxyaabihii uu helay waxaa hadda lagu bandhigay Aqalka Hoose ee cusub ee Magaalada, gudihiisa Aqalka Hoose ee Magaalada laftiisa waxaa ku yaal matxafka Roomaanka. Meel dhow waxaa lagu helay leexda [[Jupiter Column]], oo caadi ahaan lagu kor tusi jiray sanamka Jupiter, oo inta badan faras saaran, oo ku tumanaaya [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Abris]], inta badan loo muujiyo sidii mas. Matxaf kale oo yar oo ku yaal Benningen, oo ka shaqeeya waxyaabo kale oo ay ku jirto taariikhda Roomaanka ee meesha waa "Museum im Adler", oo ku yaal guri beereed hore iyo hotel laga soo bilaabo 1630. == Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada == * [[August Pauly]], (1796–1845), aqoonyahan cilmiga qadiimiga ah iyo madbacada * [[Gottlieb Storz]], (1852–1939), ganacsade horjooge ah ee Omaha, Nebraska, aasaasaha [[Storz Brewery]] * [[Willi Entenmann]], (1943–2012), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta (VfB Stuttgart) iyo tababare ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Benningen Am Neckar}} 54pgj4u5uru0dmkay1u94s6ngy846lo 0 49784 303557 2026-07-30T14:46:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |image_photo = Dorfkirche altbensdorf.jpg |image_caption = Kiniisada ku taal Altbensdorf |coordinates = {{coord|52|25|00|N|12|19|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bensdorf in PM.png |state = |district = Potsdam-Mittelmark |Amt = Wusterwitz |elevation = 31 |area = 34.13 |postal_code = 14789 |area_code = 033839 |licence = PM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 69 028 |divisions = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Jens Borngräber<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12069000 Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Bensdorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Potsdam-Mittelmark]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Dimuqraadiyadda == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Bensdorf.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarka Tirada Dadka illaa 1875 ee Xuduudaha Hadda (Khadka Buluugga ah: Tirada Dadka; Khadka Dhibcaha Leh: Bardhigga Horumarka Tirada Dadka ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Ckul ee Cawlka ah: Xilligii xukunkii Nasiiga; Asalka Ckul ee Casaan ah: Xilligii xukunkii Shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Bensdorf: Horumarka tirada dadka <br>ee xuduudaha hadda (2013)<ref>Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1200 | 1890 | 1300 | 1910 | 1500 | 1925 | 1763 | 1933 | 1783 | 1939 | 1860 | 1946 | 2284 | 1950 | 2276 | 1964 | 1682 | 1971 | 1493 | 1981 | 1231 | 1985 | 1208 | 1989 | 1191 | 1990 | 1194 | 1991 | 1170 | 1992 | 1170 | 1993 | 1131 | 1994 | 1137 | 1995 | 1138 | 1996 | 1149 | 1997 | 1341 | 1998 | 1366 | 1999 | 1440 | 2000 | 1411 | 2001 | 1411 | 2002 | 1411 | 2003 | 1371 | 2004 | 1367 | 2005 | 1368 | 2006 | 1352 | 2007 | 1333 | 2008 | 1292 | 2009 | 1273 | 2010 | 1240 | 2011 | 1266 | 2012 | 1284 | 2013 | 1262 | 2014 | 1270 | 2015 | 1235 | 2016 | 1236 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2a2yjf02wis3wcleqrlvwum0zdasu0d 0 49785 303558 2026-07-30T14:47:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|57|N|13|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Bentzin_in_VG.svg |image_photo = Bentzin Kirche Südseite 01.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kiniisada tuulada ee Bentzin |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Jarmen-Tutow |elevation = 12 |area = 38.76 |postal_code = 17129 |area_code = 039997 |licence = DM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 009 |divisions = 6 |website = [https://www.jarmen.de/gemeinden/bentzin.html www.jarmen.de] |mayor = Hartmut Giermann }} '''Bentzin''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Magaca dhulka ee deegaankan waxaa loo diiwaan geliyay sidii ''Bentcin'' sanadkii 1300.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1937 |title=Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej |url=http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |access-date=2025-05-02 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154235/http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} tk4v5bn53s1156j6e2wqshus6lu1he8 0 49786 303559 2026-07-30T14:49:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | type = Ortsgemeinde | image_photo = | image_coa = | coordinates = {{coord|50|1|16.3|N|7|36|17.95|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Benzweiler in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Simmern-Rheinböllen | elevation = 389 | area = 3.19 | postal_code = 55494 | area_code = 06766 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 011 | website = {{URL|http://www.benzweiler.de/}} | mayor = Hans-Joachim Kunz<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 | party = }} '''Benzweiler''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛntsvaɪlɐ}}) waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah meel nooc ka mid ah munisipaliteet jamac ah – oo ku yaal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], oo xarunteedu ku taallo [[Simmern]]. Benzweiler waa munisipaliteet [[tourism|dalxiis]] (''Fremdenverkehrsgemeinde''). {{stack|[[File:benzweiler01.jpg|thumb|Benzweiler oo ka muuqata koonfur-bari]]}} ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Munisipaliteetku wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Hunsrück]]. ==Taariikhda== Lix [[Tumulus|qabriga Dabaqa leh]] oo ka xiga waqooyi-bari tuulada waxay caddaynayaan in [[Celts|Seltikku]] halkan degeen waagii hore. Laga bilaabo 1794, Benzweiler waxay ku jirtay xukunkii [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sanadkii 1815 waxaa loo reebey Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Wixii ka dambeeyay 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] markaas cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. ===Horumarka tirada dadka=== Kuwani waa tirada dadka Benzweiler (31 Diseembar mid walba): {{historical populations|align=none|cols=3 | 1815 | 126 | 1835 | 178 | 1871 | 193 | 1905 | 194 | 1939 | 169 | 1950 | 178 | 1961 | 156 | 1965 | 159 | 1970 | 168 | 1975 | 162 | 1980 | 169 | 1985 | 164 | 1987 | 176 | 1990 | 187 | 1995 | 201 | 2000 | 213 | 2005 | 209 | 2009 | 213 |source = Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz }} ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha munisipaliteetka=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo gola ah, oo lagu doortay doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 June 2009, iyo duqa magaalada sharaf-ku-lahaye oo ah gudoomiye. ===Duqa Magaalada=== Duqa magaalada Benzweiler waa Hans-Joachim Kunz.<ref name=mayor/> ==Dhaqanka iyo daawashada== ===Dhismaha=== Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaasha ama meelaha ku jira Diiwaanka Minyaarooyinka Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]: * Hauptstraße 4 – dhismaha leh saqafka kalsoonaanta leh, qayb ahaan [[timber framing|framaheeda alwaaxda ah]], qiyaastii 1820 ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.benzweiler.de/ Munisipaliteetka boggiisa rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20041214101402/http://www.swr.de/hierzuland-rp/archiv/2003/05/27/index.html Muuqaal yar oo ku saabsan Benzweiler oo leh filim] ee [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} hz3xtknt75ot6fhbn0zt3bkgtpi0ted 0 49787 303560 2026-07-30T14:51:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Munisipaliteet |image_coa = DEU Beratzhausen COA.svg |image_photo = St. Peter und Paul Beratzhausen 03.jpg |image_caption = Beratzhausen oo leh Kiniisada Saints Peter iyo Paul |coordinates = {{coord|49|05|43|N|11|48|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beratzhausen in R.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Regensburg |elevation = 467 |area = 72.54 |postal_code = 93176 |area_code = 09493 |licence = R |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 75 118 |divisions = 56 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.beratzhausen.de/ www.beratzhausen.de] |mayor = Matthias Beer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} [[Image:300704 beratzhausen-oberpfalz-paracelsus-denkmal 1-480x640.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Minyaarada loo dhisay [[Paracelsus]] oo ku taalla horayda maqsinkii hore ee sekada ee Beratzhausen.]] '''Beratzhausen''' waa magaalada ganacsiga iyo munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Regensburg (district)|Regensburg]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} g4sli1vqpxa1wymdcy37g2o504tmakz 0 49788 303561 2026-07-30T14:52:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Berching COA.svg |image_photo = Stadtmauer (Berching).JPG |image_caption = Darbiga magaalada ee Berching |coordinates = {{coord|49|6|N|11|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berching in NM.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz |elevation = 385 |area = 131.18 |postal_code = 92334 |area_code = 08462 |licence = NM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 73 112 |divisions = 43 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.berching.de/ www.berching.de] |mayor = Ludwig Eisenreich<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Berching''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛʁçɪŋ|-|De-Berching.ogg}}; {{langx|bar|Bacham}}) waa [[Town#Germany|magaalo]] ku taalla degmada [[Neumarkt (district)|Neumarkt]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay maanta ka mid tahay oo kaliya affar magaalo oo ku yaal Jarmalka oo wali leh [[city wall|darbiga magaalada]] oo si buuxda u dhawrsan, iyadoo la jirtay [[Rothenburg ob der Tauber]], [[Nördlingen]] iyo [[Dinkelsbühl]], dhammaantoodna Bavaria ku yaal. Berching waa magaalo taariikhi ah oo leh darbi magaalo oo si buuxda loo dhowray iyo durdur yar. Deegaankii ugu horreeyay wuxuu diiwaan gashan yahay sanadkii 883, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka badan 1100 sano oo jiil ah. Berching waxay ku taallaa [[Neumarkt (district)|degmada Neumarkt]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa [[Rhine-Main-Danube Canal|Kanaalka Rhine-Main-Danube]], 20&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigtaa [[Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]]. Magaalada hore ama ''[[Altstadt]]'' waxaa ku weheliya darbi weyn oo ay ku dhex jiraan taawarrada. Taawarrada mid ka mid ah waxaa loo beddelay guri 6-dabaq ah. Hoteel yar oo loo yaqaan ''Blaue Traube'' ayaa ku yaal xarunta magaalada. [[File:Joseph Siffred Duplessis - Christoph Willibald Gluck - Google Art Project.jpg|left|thumb|150px|''[[Portrait of Christoph Willibald Gluck]]'' uu sameeyay [[Joseph Duplessis]], 1775]] ==Dadka deegaanka== *[[Christoph Willibald Gluck]], (1714-1787), curiye muusig, wuxuu ku dhashay Weidenwang, oo maanta ah degmada Berching * [[Claudia Brücken]], (dhalatay 1963), fanaanad, xubin ka mid ah kooxaha [[Propaganda (band)|Propaganda]], Act iyo [[Onetwo (band)|Onetwo]] [[Image:Apartment and tower.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Taawarka taariikhiga ah ee magaalada hore oo loo beddelay dhismaha guriga]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} cn4yo14c0qsynycmaocamhf4ok8t30m 0 49789 303562 2026-07-30T14:54:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Berenbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|04|N|6|57|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berenbach in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Kelberg |elevation = 430 |area = 3.15 |postal_code = 56766 |area_code = 02676 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 203 |website = [http://www.berenbach.de/ www.berenbach.de] |mayor = Birgit Wirtz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Berenbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːʁənbax}}) waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah meel nooc ka mid ah munisipaliteet jamac ah – oo ku yaal [[Vulkaneifel]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kelberg]], oo xarunteedu ku taallo [[Kelberg|munisipaliteetka isku magaca ah]]. == Juqraafiga == Munisipaliteetku wuxuu si sax ah ugu yaallaa [[Ulmen]] ee [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo loo yaqaan taariikhdeeda foolkaanada, muuqaalkeeda juqraafiyeed iyo dhul-aqooneed, iyo jilicsanaanteeda xitaa dhaqdhaqaaqa socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaaska mararka qaarkood ka soo burqada dhulka. == Taariikhda == [[Middle Ages|Astaamihii Dhexe]], Berenbach waxay ka tirsanayd ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Nürburg ee [[Electorate of Cologne]]. Xukunkii [[Prussia|Pruushiyaa]], tuuladu waxay ku jirtay ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Duqa Magaalada”) ee [[Kelberg]]. Waddada dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Berenbach waxaa laga wareejiyay 1970 degmada Mayen oo loo meel dhigay degmada Daun, oo maanta loo yaqaan degmada [[Vulkaneifel]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha munisipaliteetka === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo gola ah, oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka aqlabiyadda]] ee doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 June 2009, iyo duqa magaalada sharaf-ku-lahaye oo ah gudoomiye. === Astaanta === Blazon-ka Jarmalka wuxuu leeyahay: ''In silbernem Schild ein blauer Wellenbalken, oben ein schwarzes Balkenkreuz, unten ein aufsteigender roter Krummstab.'' Munisipaliteetka [[Coat of arms|astaanteeda]] luqadda ingiriisiga ee [[Heraldry|heraldic]] waxaa lagu muujin karaa: Argent a fess wavy azure, in chief a cross sable, issuant from base an abbot's staff sinister gules. Tuulada daacadnimadeeda [[Feudalism|feudalism-ka]] waagii [[Electorate of Cologne]] waxaa loo calaamadeeyay iskutallaabta madow ee ku taalla goobta lacagta ah ee qaybta sare ee [[escutcheon (heraldry)|scutcheon]], maadaama ay tani ahayd bearing-ka Cologne. Labada kiniisadood ee 1774 iyo tan cusub ee la dhisay 1933 waxay ku jiraan hoos imaadka Saint Bridget, oo loo calaamadeeyay salka astaanta uladeeda. Fess-ka fekerka ah (xariiqda jiifta) wuxuu u taagan yahay Ueßbach, webiga u qeebiya tuulada laba qaybood; sidoo kale waa [[Canting arms|canting]] dhammaadka magaca meesha ''—bach'' (“durduro”).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.berenbach.de/ |title=Description and explanation of Berenbach's arms |access-date=2007-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209170744/http://www.berenbach.de/ |archive-date=2012-02-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo daawashada == === Dhismayaasha === * [[Roman Catholicism|Kiniisada]] Katholiigga ah ee Bergfrieden 16, oo ah [[aisleless church|kiniisad aan lahayn marin-hoosaad]] oo la dhisay u dhaxeysa 1933 iyo 1940. * ''Furthermühle'' – khaanad koonfurta tuulada ku taalla ee Ueßbach, oo sida muuqata ah xaalad taariikhi ah, laakiin la xayndaabay.<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> ==Gaadiidka== Muuqaalka tareenka Berenbach wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Cross Eifel Railway]] oo ka socda Andernach harayda Mayen iyo Ulmen illaa Gerolstein inkasta oo qaybta ka socota Kaisersesch illaa Gerolstein maanta ay tahay mid ka baxsan shaqada. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120209170744/http://www.berenbach.de/ Munisipaliteetka boggiisa rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Berenbach/ Berenbach ee bogagga munisipaliteetka jamaca ah] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3357116/172d1sx/index.html Muuqaal yar oo ku saabsan Berenbach oo leh filim] ee [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} 6r3yndx5bqchxr0j8pn36kqr09t0mk7 303625 303562 2026-07-31T05:14:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Berenbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|04|N|6|57|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berenbach in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Kelberg |elevation = 430 |area = 3.15 |postal_code = 56766 |area_code = 02676 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 203 |website = [http://www.berenbach.de/ www.berenbach.de] |mayor = Birgit Wirtz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Berenbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːʁənbax}}) waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah meel nooc ka mid ah munisipaliteet jamac ah – oo ku yaal [[Vulkaneifel]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kelberg]], oo xarunteedu ku taallo [[Kelberg|munisipaliteetka isku magaca ah]]. == Juqraafiga == Munisipaliteetku wuxuu si sax ah ugu yaallaa [[Ulmen]] ee [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo loo yaqaan taariikhdeeda foolkaanada, muuqaalkeeda juqraafiyeed iyo dhul-aqooneed, iyo jilicsanaanteeda xitaa dhaqdhaqaaqa socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaaska mararka qaarkood ka soo burqada dhulka. == Taariikhda == [[Middle Ages|Astaamihii Dhexe]], Berenbach waxay ka tirsanayd ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Nürburg ee [[Electorate of Cologne]]. Xukunkii [[Prussia|Pruushiyaa]], tuuladu waxay ku jirtay ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Duqa Magaalada”) ee [[Kelberg]]. Waddada dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Berenbach waxaa laga wareejiyay 1970 degmada Mayen oo loo meel dhigay degmada Daun, oo maanta loo yaqaan degmada [[Vulkaneifel]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha munisipaliteetka === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo gola ah, oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka aqlabiyadda]] ee doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 June 2009, iyo duqa magaalada sharaf-ku-lahaye oo ah gudoomiye. === Astaanta === Blazon-ka Jarmalka wuxuu leeyahay: ''In silbernem Schild ein blauer Wellenbalken, oben ein schwarzes Balkenkreuz, unten ein aufsteigender roter Krummstab.'' Munisipaliteetka [[Coat of arms|astaanteeda]] luqadda ingiriisiga ee [[Heraldry|heraldic]] waxaa lagu muujin karaa: Argent a fess wavy azure, in chief a cross sable, issuant from base an abbot's staff sinister gules. Tuulada daacadnimadeeda [[Feudalism|feudalism-ka]] waagii [[Electorate of Cologne]] waxaa loo calaamadeeyay iskutallaabta madow ee ku taalla goobta lacagta ah ee qaybta sare ee [[escutcheon (heraldry)|scutcheon]], maadaama ay tani ahayd bearing-ka Cologne. Labada kiniisadood ee 1774 iyo tan cusub ee la dhisay 1933 waxay ku jiraan hoos imaadka Saint Bridget, oo loo calaamadeeyay salka astaanta uladeeda. Fess-ka fekerka ah (xariiqda jiifta) wuxuu u taagan yahay Ueßbach, webiga u qeebiya tuulada laba qaybood; sidoo kale waa [[Canting arms|canting]] dhammaadka magaca meesha ''—bach'' (“durduro”).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.berenbach.de/ |title=Description and explanation of Berenbach's arms |access-date=2007-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209170744/http://www.berenbach.de/ |archive-date=2012-02-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo daawashada == === Dhismayaasha === * [[Roman Catholicism|Kiniisada]] Katholiigga ah ee Bergfrieden 16, oo ah [[aisleless church|kiniisad aan lahayn marin-hoosaad]] oo la dhisay u dhaxeysa 1933 iyo 1940. * ''Furthermühle'' – khaanad koonfurta tuulada ku taalla ee Ueßbach, oo sida muuqata ah xaalad taariikhi ah, laakiin la xayndaabay.<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> ==Gaadiidka== Muuqaalka tareenka Berenbach wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Cross Eifel Railway]] oo ka socda Andernach harayda Mayen iyo Ulmen illaa Gerolstein inkasta oo qaybta ka socota Kaisersesch illaa Gerolstein maanta ay tahay mid ka baxsan shaqada. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120209170744/http://www.berenbach.de/ Munisipaliteetka boggiisa rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Berenbach/ Berenbach ee bogagga munisipaliteetka jamaca ah] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3357116/172d1sx/index.html Muuqaal yar oo ku saabsan Berenbach oo leh filim]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ee [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} 4xu8bxg8kqzocbl3h9aounpac9mnasm 0 49790 303563 2026-07-30T14:56:07Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Riya Williams Yuyada''' (waxay dhalatay 1991) waa u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda haweenka ee Koonfurta Suudaan, dhisa nabadda, iyo u doodda xuquuqda haweenka. Waxaa lagu yaqaanaa shaqadeeda kor u qaadista sinnaanta jinsiga, dhismaha nabadda, iyo bogsiinta bulshada ee Koonfurta Suudaan. <ref>https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-riya-william-yuyada-south-sudan</ref> == Noloshii hore iy... 303563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Riya Williams Yuyada''' (waxay dhalatay 1991) waa u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda haweenka ee Koonfurta Suudaan, dhisa nabadda, iyo u doodda xuquuqda haweenka. Waxaa lagu yaqaanaa shaqadeeda kor u qaadista sinnaanta jinsiga, dhismaha nabadda, iyo bogsiinta bulshada ee Koonfurta Suudaan. <ref>https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-riya-william-yuyada-south-sudan</ref> == Noloshii hore iyo asalka == Riya Williams Yuyada waxay ku dhalatay [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] sanadkii 1991 waxayna la kulantay saameynta colaadaha iyo barakaca intii ay yareyd nolosheeda. Waayo-aragnimadani waxay sii kordhisay ballanqaadkeeda ku aaddan dhismaha nabadda iyo u doodidda xuquuqda haweenka. Ku soo koridday deegaan ay colaaduhu saameeyeen ayaa sii xoojisay xiisaheeda ku aaddan wax ka qabashada rabshadaha ku salaysan jinsiga iyo kor u qaadista caddaaladda bulshada. <ref name=":02">https://www.feministhumanitariannetwork.org/news/iwd24-interview-riya-william-yuyuda-south-sudan</ref> <ref>https://www.accord.org.za/people/riya-william-yuyada</ref> == Tixraacyada == 96unwkpl26wa7wqnikw6v5iwbbpndu7 0 49791 303564 2026-07-30T14:56:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DE-NI 03-1-51-003 Bergfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|33|N|10|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bergfeld in GF.svg |state = |district = Gifhorn |Samtgemeinde = Brome |elevation = 64 |area = 10.6 |postal_code = 38467 |area_code = 05368 |licence = GF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 51 003 |mayor = Ute Düsterhöft |Bürgermeistertitel= Bürgermeisterin |party = CDU }} '''Bergfeld''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Gifhorn (district)|Gifhorn]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Bergfeld Straße.JPG|thumb|left|Waddada weyn]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} c6rje0k6v2avhyo5n0wat13t4cvzsk0 0 49792 303565 2026-07-30T14:58:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Berghaupten COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|24|25|N|07|59|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berghaupten in OG.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Ortenaukreis |elevation = 172 |area = 9.69 |postal_code = 77791 |area_code = 07803 |licence = OG, BH, KEL, LR, WOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 17 009 |website = [http://www.berghaupten.de www.berghaupten.de] |mayor = Philipp Clever<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;25 }} '''Berghaupten''' ({{langx|gsw|label=[[Low Alemannic German|Low Alemannic]]|Berghoupte}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Ortenau (district)|Ortenau]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Sidoo kale, waa meel dalxiis oo ay dowladda ansixisay oo ku taalla [[Black Forest]]. Munisipaliteedyada deriska la ah waa [[Ohlsbach]] (waqooyiga), [[Gengenbach]] (bariga), [[Hohberg]] (koonfur – kasoo horjeeda) iyo sidoo kale Offenburg (waqooyi-galbeed). == Taariikhda == Buurta dhow ee [[Geißkopf (Central Black Forest)|Geißkopf]] (359 m) waxaa ku yaal caddayn muujinaysa xeryaha ciidamada Roomaanka ama Jarmalka. == Isboortiga == [[Motorcycle speedway|Abaabulka mootada]] iyo [[grasstrack]] speedway waxaa ku qabta Motorrad Grasbahn, qiyaastii 1 kiilometir waqooyiga munisipaliteetka ee Bellenwaldstraße.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedwayplus.com/Berghaupten.shtml |title=Berghaupten Germany| website=Speedweek |access-date=22 March 2024}}</ref> Kooxda MSC Berghaupten waxay ku qabtaan kulammada tartanka goobta,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://msc-berghaupten.de/ |title=Home | website=MSC Berghaupten |access-date=22 March 2024}}</ref> oo mid ka mid ah uu ahaa fiinaalihii [[German Individual Speedway Championship]] ee 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyspeedway.nstrefa.pl/indmniemiec.php |title=Historyczne Zestawienie Wynikow 1991-2013 |website=Speedway History |access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} b6w9bx4eejq4jgey7u8fipd2ukjh2k7 0 49793 303566 2026-07-30T15:01:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Berglern COA.svg |image_photo = St. Andreas (Niederlern) p21.jpg |image_caption = Kiniisada Saint Andrew ee Niederlern |coordinates = {{coord|48|23|N|11|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berglern in ED.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Erding |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = [[Wartenberg, Bavaria|Wartenberg]] |elevation = 440 |area = 19.89 |postal_code = 85459 |area_code = 08762 |licence = ED |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 77 112 |website = [http://www.berglern.de www.berglern.de] |mayor = Anton Scherer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Berglern''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Erding (district)|Erding]] ee [[Bavaria]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6n8zns3ivpf0jbgkkn9bymda6sb9mwb 0 49794 303567 2026-07-30T15:02:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Berglicht COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|47|17.74|N|06|57|59.40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berglicht in WIL.svg |state = |district = Bernkastel-Wittlich |Verbandsgemeinde = Thalfang am Erbeskopf |elevation = 390 |area = 7.55 |postal_code = 54426 |area_code = 06504 |licence = WIL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 31 006 |divisions = |website = [https://www.berglicht.de/ www.berglicht.de] |mayor = Michael Reusch<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = }} '''Berglicht''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah meel nooc ka mid ah munisipaliteet jamac ah – oo ku yaal [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Munisipaliteetku wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Hunsrück]] wuxuuna ka tirsan yahay [[Thalfang am Erbeskopf|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Thalfang am Erbeskopf]], oo xarunteedu ku taallo munisipaliteetka [[Thalfang]]. == Taariikhda == [[File:Berglicht.jpg|thumb|left|Berglicht]] Sannadkii 1228, Berglicht waxay lahayd diiwaangalinteedii ugu horreysay ee qoraal ah. Markii hore, munisipaliteetku wuxuu ahaa laba xrood oo loogu yeeri jiray Berg (oo ku taalla Hangrücken) iyo Licht (oo ku taalla Lichterbach). Kiniisada Berg waxay lahayd xukunkooda sharciga ah waxayna ahayd kiniisadii hooyo ee kaniisado badan oo maanta ah Deaconry ee Morbach. Waxaa dhamaad loo yeelay xukunkii qarniyada dheeraa ee Baroortii Hunolstein qiyaastii 1800 oo uu sameeyay [[French Revolution|Kacaankii Faransiiska]]. Ka dib markii xukunkii [[France|Faransiiska]] uu dhamaaday, munisipaliteetku wuxuu u gudbay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]]. Wixii ka dambeeyay 1947, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] markaas cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Illaa dib-u-habaynta maamulka munisipaliteetka ee Rhineland-Palatinate ee 1969, munisipaliteetku wuxuu ka tirsanaa degmada Bernkastel, oo xarunteedu ku taallay [[Bernkastel-Kues]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha munisipaliteetka === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo gola ah, oo lagu doortay [[proportional representation|wakiilnimada saamiyeed]] ee doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 June 2009, iyo duqa magaalada sharaf-ku-lahaye oo ah gudoomiye. Doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 7 June 2009 waxay bixisay natiijooyinka soo socda:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2310600600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> {| class="wikitable" width="350" ! Sanno || [[Free Voters|FWG Reusch]] || [[Free Voters|FWG "Uss Doorf"]] || Wadarta |- align="center" | 2009 || 5 || 3 || 8 kuraas |} === Astaanta === Munisipaliteetka [[Coat of arms|astaanteeda]] waxaa lagu muujin karaa: Argent a fess enhanced and a pale to dexter gules, in base sinister a heart voided and within, a cross, the top arm joined to the cusp of the heart, sable, all within a bordure vert. == Akhrin dheeraad ah == * ''Berglicht – Chronik eines Hunsrückdorfes'' von Burkhard Okfen == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Berglicht}} *[https://www.berglicht.de/ Munisipaliteetka boggiisa rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929145016/http://www.swr.de/hierzuland-rp/archiv/2004/09/10/ Berglicht ee barnaamijka telefishanka ''Hierzuland''] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} cn4tdup2rkhas0ceojez3tfn783xn8e 0 49795 303568 2026-07-30T15:04:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bergrheinfeld COA.svg |image_photo = Mater Dolorosa Bergrheinfeld 2016 (04).jpg |image_caption = Kiniisada [[Our Lady of Sorrows]] |coordinates = {{coord|50|0|N|10|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bergrheinfeld in SW.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Schweinfurt |elevation = 208 |area = 19.87 |postal_code = 97493 |area_code = 09721, 09722 |licence = SW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 78 115 |divisions = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.bergrheinfeld.de/ www.bergrheinfeld.de] |mayor = Ulrich Werner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]]. Retrieved 5 September 2023.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = CSU }} '''Bergrheinfeld''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Schweinfurt (district)|Schweinfurt]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[Boll KG]] waxay xarunteedu ku taallaa Bergreinfeld.<ref>"[http://www.boll-kg.de/kontakt/index.htm Kontakt]." [[Boll KG]]. Retrieved on 25 September 2009.</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 5xkn9g3nbz0gve7ay9jwzu9w9rdbrst 0 49796 303569 2026-07-30T15:05:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bergtheim COA.svg |image_photo = Bergtheim, Dipbach, Kirchplatz 5, 001.jpg |image_caption = Guryaasha ku yaal fagaaraha kiniisadda ee Bergtheim-Dipbach |coordinates = {{coord|49|54|N|10|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bergtheim in WÜ.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Würzburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bergtheim |elevation = 216 |area = 26.48 |postal_code = 97241 |area_code = 09367 |licence = WÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 79 117 |website = [https://www.bergtheim.de/ www.bergtheim.de] |mayor = Konrad Schlier<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Bergtheim''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Würzburg (district)|Würzburg]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ml34fu3q902tg4apfggsc2kt949wcul 0 49797 303570 2026-07-30T15:07:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Beringstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|11|N|9|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beringstedt in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Mittelholstein |elevation = 14 |area = 14.29 |postal_code = 25575 |area_code = 04874 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 015 |website = |mayor = Sönke Rohwer |party = CDU }} '''Beringstedt''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Beringstedt waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 29 kiilometir koonfur koonfur-galbeed ee Rendsburg, xaruntii hore ee [[Holstein-Rendsburg|Ismaamulka Holstein-Rendsburg]] ku lahayd laga soo bilaabo 1290 illaa 1459. Beringstedt waxay qiyaastii 50 kiilometir waddooyinka hore koonfur-galbeed ka xigtaa Kiel, oo noqotay xarunta [[Duke of Holstein-Gottorp|Aamiirnimada Holstein-Gottorp]] sanadkii 1720. [[Duchy of Holstein|Aamiirnimada Holstein]] waxaa lagu daray Boqortooyada [[Kingdom of Prussia|Pruushiya]] dikreeto soo baxday 24 Diseembar 1866. Sannadkii 1867 Beringstedt waxaa lagu daray degmada cusub ee la aasaasay ee Rendsburg, ka dib markii [[Prussia|Pruushiya]] ay abuurtsay [[Province of Schleswig-Holstein|Gobolka Schleswig-Holstein]]. Xuduudaha degmada Rendsburg iyadoo si kedis ah ama u kas ahba waxay u dhigmaan kuwii ismaamulkii hore. Degmada Beringstedt ee maanta ee Rendsburg-Eckernförde waxaa la aasaasay 1970 iyadoo la isku daray degmooyinka Rendsburg iyo Eckernförde. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} m6y5tihvvmladifewwnrdqol88hu0pk 0 49798 303571 2026-07-30T15:09:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Berkatal |image_coa = DEU Berkatal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|14|N|09|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berkatal ESW.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Werra-Meißner-Kreis |elevation = 234 |area = 19.56 |postal_code = 37297 |area_code = 05657 |licence = ESW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 36 002 |divisions = 3 degmooyin |website = [http://www.berkatal.de www.berkatal.de] |mayor = Lutz Bergner<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2024-05/BVII_m05-2024_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen|language=de|date=21 May 2024|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Berkatal''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Werra-Meißner-Kreis]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Berkatal waxay ku taallaa Beerta Dabeecadda ee Meißner-Kaufunger Wald oo ku taal cagta buurta [[Hoher Meißner]]. Webiga [[Berka (river)|Berka]] wuxuu ka soo burqadaa dhexdeeda xuduudaha bulshada. ===Bulshooyinka deriska ah=== Berkatal waxay ka xaddidantahay galbeedka iyo waqooyiga magaalada [[Bad Sooden-Allendorf]], bariga magaalada [[Eschwege]], koonfurta bulshada [[Meißner, Hesse|Meißner]] iyo koonfur-galbeed magaalooyinka [[Hessisch Lichtenau]] iyo [[Großalmerode]] (dhammaantood ku yaal Werra-Meißner-Kreis). ===Bulshooyinka ka kooban=== Berkatal saddexdeeda ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' waa Frankenhain, Frankershausen (xarunta maamulka) iyo Hitzerode. Magaalada ugu dhow ee weyn waa xarunta degmada ee Eschwege. Berkatal waxay qiyaastii 40&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigtaa [[Göttingen]] iyo 45&nbsp;km bariga [[Kassel]]. ==Taariikhda== ===Frankershausen=== Bulshada ka kooban ee Frankershausen, oo lahayd diiwaangalinteedii ugu horreysay ee qoraal ah sanadkii 876, waa mid ka mid ah deegaannada ugu taariikhda dheer gobolka. Markii hore, Frankershausen waxay ku jirtay dhulalka ay haysteen Baroortii Bilstein, oo ka sellay tuulada 1301 [[Landgraviate of Hesse|Landgraves ee Hesse]]. Landgraves-ku waxay siiyeen eeyo qoysas badan oo sharaf leh xuquuqda Frankershausen intii ay socotay taariikhdeedu. Markii hore, xarunta tuuladu waxay ku fidsanayd dhexdeeda kaniisada tuulada, oo lagu ballaariyay qaabka [[Classicism|Classicist]]. Sannadkii markii uu xarfaha [[salt|cusbada]] ka bilaabay qarnigii 16aad, doolku wuxuu degey meesha la socota Berka. Waqtigaas waxaa ka soo baxay hanti weyn oo leh guryaal waaweyn oo leh godal hoose oo lagu dhex meelayn jiray [[wine|khamri]] ka yimid [[Rhineland]] oo loogu talagalay iib. Wali wax caddaynaya maanta hodanka ganacsatada cusbada iyo khamriga ee Frankershausen waa guryaasha la dhowray ee ka soo bilaabmay qarnigii 18aad ee la xiray xariiqa ''Berkastraße'' iyo ''Am Wasser'' (“Xarunta Biyaha”). Ganacsiga Frankershausen maanta waxaa ku yaal ganacsiyo badan oo gacanta ah iyo hawlgallo ganacsi, iyadoo la jirto ganacsi yar oo ka shaqeeya biraha. Sannadkii 1976, dabaaldega 1,200-sano ee bulshada ayaa la xusay. ===Frankenhain=== Bulshada ka kooban ee Frankenhain, oo lahayd diiwaangalinteedii ugu horreysay ee qoraal ah sanadkii 1360, waa meesha saddexaad ee ugu taariikhda dheer bulshada. Bulshadu waxay heshay kordhinta dhaqaalaha intii uu socday kordhinta ganacsiga cusbada iyo khamriga, oo ay dadka deegaanka dhammaan ''Meißnervorland'' iska lahayeen ka bilaabashada qarnigii 16aad. Darawalada gaadhiga ee halkaas degganaa waxay dhiseen xariiqa maanta ah ''Meißnerstraße'' hanti waaweyn oo leh godal hoose oo caadi ah oo weyn oo lagu dhex meelayn jiray khamri. Qarnigii 19aad, macdan qodista iyo sameynta [[melting pot]] waxay noqdeen ilaha ugu waaweyn ee maciishadda ee dadka deegaanka Frankenhain. Xitaa maanta, wali waxaa ku yaal ganacsi Frankenhain oo soo saara melting pots, oo ka iibiya alaabtiisa dhuuxa dhan ee dunida. ===Hitzerode=== Bulshada ka kooban ee Hitzerode waxay lahayd diiwaangalinteedii ugu horreysay ee qoraal ah sanadkii 1195 dokumeenti ka yimid [[Pope Celestine III]], oo uu ku adkeeyay xukunkii Monaster-ka Germerode. Qiyaastii 1300, Hitzerode waxay u gudubtay [[Landgraviate of Hesse|Landgraves ee Hesse]]. Sannadkii 1498, helf-keedu wuxuu ka tirsanaa Landgraviate ee Hesse helf-ka kalena waxaa loo xilsaaray Horjoogayaashii Völkershausen, ka dibna Apel Appe zu Aue iyo Horjoogayaashii [[Eschwege]]. Taariikhda tuulada waxaa loo sameeyay, sida xarruntaha kale ee bulshada ganacsiga cusbada iyo khamriga. Snadadii hore ee taariikhda tuulada, dhismaha wuxuu ku koobnaa ''Kirchberg'' (“Buurta Kiniisada”) iyo wadada ''Albunger Straße''. Sidaas darteed, markii ganacsiga cusbada uu bilaabanayay, ''Lange Straße'' (“Wadada Dheer”), sidoo kale waa la dhisay. Tani waxay ka socotay Dohlsbach dhanka Frankershausen, iyadoo ka xamla meesha Meißner illaa Spangenberg. Halkan waxaa ka soo baxay hantida đại diện ee ganacsatada oo wali muujinaya deegaanka maanta. Sannadkii 1995, dabaaldega 800-sano ee deegaanka ayaa la xusay. ===Isku-darka=== Sannadkii 1971, iyadoo la isku daray xarruntaha Frankenhain iyo Frankershausen, bulshada waxaa la aasaasay. Sanno ka dib, Hitzerode sidoo kale waa la isku daray. Maadaama ay caddayn la'aan ahayd illaa marka ay Hitzerode ku daraysay Bad Sooden-Allendorf, waxay wali leedahay koodka telefonka gobolka 05652 (Bad Sooden-Allendorf) maanta, halka labada xarun ee kale ay labaduba leeyihiin koodka gobolka 05657 (Meißner). ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha bulshada=== Doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 26 March 2006 waxay bixisay natiijooyinka soo socda: {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" | '''Xisbiyada iyo bulshooyinka codbixiyaasha''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2006''' |align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2006''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2001''' |align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2001''' |---- |CDU |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] |align="right" |26.8 |align="right" |4 |align="right" |23.2 |align="right" |3 |---- |SPD |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] |align="right" |40.2 |align="right" |6 |align="right" |39.7 |align="right" |6 |---- | ÜWG | Überparteiliche Wählergemeinschaft |align="right" |30.0 |align="right" |5 |align="right" |30.0 |align="right" |5 |---- | BLB | Bürgerliste Berkatal |align="right" |3.0 |align="right" |0 |align="right" |7.1 |align="right" |1 |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Wadarta''' |align="right" |100 |align="right" |15 |align="right" |100 |align="right" |15 |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Codbixinta ee %''' |colspan="2" align="right" |66.1 |colspan="2" align="right" |71.9 |} ===Duqyada Magaalada=== Laga bilaabo 1997 duqa magaalada bulshada wuxuu ahaa Friedel Lenze (SPD). Kuwa ka horreeyay waxay ahaayeen Willi Hildebrandt (SPD) ka soo bilaabo 1971 illaa 1979, Ferdinand Nieland (CDU) ka soo bilaabo 1979 illaa 1991 iyo Hansjörg Haas (CDU) ka soo bilaabo 1991 illaa 1996. ===Hogaanka bulshada=== Sida lagu dhigay sharciga Hessian, bulshada Berkatal waxay leedahay hogaan (''Gemeindevorstand'') oo ah guddiga hogaaminta jamaca ah ee bulshada. Guddigan, marka laga sootago Duqa Magaalada Friedel Lenze waxaa ku jira laba xubnood oo mid walba ka tirsan CDU, SPD iyo ÜWG. Xubinta sare, oo sidaas darteed ah ku-xigeenka duqa magaalada, waa Lutz Bergner (CDU). Gudoomiyaha hogaanka waa Manfred Zindel (ÜWG). Hogaanku wuxuu leeyahay laba guddi, oo mid walba ka kooban yahay shan xubnood: guddi weyn, oo dhaqaale iyo bulsho iyo guddi dhismaha iyo qorshaynta. Gudoomiyaha hore waa Bernd Fink (ÜWG) kan dambena waa Wolfgang Friederich (CDU). Saddexda xisbi ama bulshooyinka codbixiyaasha ee ku jira hogaanka waxay mid walba ku koobmeen koox, iyadoo Matthias Dix uu yahay gudoomiyaha kooxda CDU, Reinhard Philipp oo ah SPD kan iyo Thomas Schill oo ah kan ÜWG. ===Astaanta=== Bulshada [[Coat of arms|astaanteeda]] waxaa lagu muujin karaa: Gules a bend sinister wavy argent between a cross moline and a wagon wheel of six spokes Or. Bend-ka fekerka ah ee laaban wuxuu u taagan yahay magaca bulshada, Berka. Iskutallaabtu waa ''Frankenkreuz'', oo ah tixraac magacyada Frankershausen iyo Frankenhain. Rota gaadhiga wuxuu u taagan yahay darawalada gaadhiga ee mar halkan ku badnaa. ==Dhaqanka iyo daawashada== * Qasriga Bilstein : [[castle|Qasriga]] Baroortii Wigger – oo loogu magac daray [[Wigger I]] – waxaa dhisay Baroor Rugger II ka bilaabashada 1120, wuxuuna dhamaaday wax ka dambeeya 1145. Kaliya baaqii darbiga ayaa maanta jooga, gaar ahaan qaybaha ringwall, baaqii ceel ee bailey iyo cistern ee motte. Qaybta baaqa qasriga waxaa lagu helay saddex redoubts, High Redoubt, Redoubt over the Bilstein iyo Schnepfenburg, oo sidoo kale ah dhismayaasha qasriga ee macnaha weyn. Sida ku xusan sheekada, Baroorkii ugu dambeeyay ee Bilstein, oo la jiray qoyskiisa, waxaa lagu sheegay inuu dhagax ka soo tuuray gaadhi ku yaal derbiga markii lagu jiray weerarka, ka dib markii ciidamadii weerarka kaxeeyay ay heleen marin sir ah oo ka socda qasriga iyo ''Höllenmühle'' (khaanadda) hoose ee doolka oo loo maro qasriga laga soo siin jiray gaadiidka. * [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Kiniisada]] parish-ka ee Hitzerode : Kiniisada Hitzerode waxaa lagu dhisay meel wada muuqata oo ku taalla xarunta hore ee tuulada. Dhismaha, affarkiisa heer, wuxuu socday takriiban laba qarni. Qaybta hoose ee weyn ee taawarka quire waxaa la dhisay sannadaha hore ee qarnigii 16aad. Dhabarrada [[Timber framing|framaheeda alwaaxda ah]] ee sare waxaa la dhigay 1687. Qaybta dhamaadka, cupola, waxaa la dhigay 1738. Nave, oo la dhisay 1793, wali waa la dhowray foomkeeda asalka ah maanta. Oorgan-ku wuxuu leeyahay muuqaal [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] ah. Sidoo kale, kiniisaddan parish-ka ee Evangelical waxay haysaa saxanka baabtiiska oo taariikhi ah illaa 1603. * Kiniisada Frankenhain oo leh frescoes : Kiniisada parish-ka ee Evangelical ee Frankenhain waxay ku dhisantahay meel sare oo wada muuqata oo ku taalla xarunta tuulada. Qaybta ugu taariikhda dheer ee la dhowray ee dhismaha waa taawarka quire oo qaabkiisa asalka ah uu yahay [[Gothic architecture|Early Gothic]], oo lagu daray transept Classicist ah 1838. Kiniisadu waxay haysaa saxanka baabtiiska oo la dhowray ka soo bilaabmay qarnigii 16aad iyo oorgaan ka soo bilaabmay 1843. * Frau-Holle-Teich : “Waraabka Hooyo Hulda” wuxuu ku yaallaa meel godan ee Meißner. Sheekooyinka loo dhiibay waxay leeyihiin guriga Hooyo Hulda wuxuu ku yaallay Meißner. Magaca Frau-Holle-Teich waxaa la muujiyay inuu jiray ugu yaraan 300 sano. * ''Kripplöcher'' iyo ''Hielöcher'' : ''Kripplöcher'' iyo ''Hielöcher'' waxay ku yaallaan dhowaanta Frankershausen. Dhulka oo dhan waa meel dhowrida dabeecadda oo loo muujiyay [[karst]] geoloji oo leh godal yaryar iyo kuwo waaweyn, kuwo fidsan iyo kuwo dheer oo ay samaysteen dumitaannada. Dhexdeeda ''Hielöcher'' waxaa ka socda jidka wax barashada. ''Kripplöcher'', si kastaba ha ahaatee, laguma geli karo la'aanta hogaamiye. Sannadkii 1958 koox dhan oo lo' ah ayaa ku qasaytay dhul dumay oo cusub. Dhul dumidda waxaa keenay markii gypsum iyo kaydka cusbada ay biyuhu qaadaan. * Dolmen : Waqooyiga Hitzerode waxaa ku yaal qiyaastii shan illaa toddoba [[dolmen]]s. Kuwani waxay ka yimaadeen waqtiga qiyaastii 2000 BC. Sannadkii 1880, kii ugu horreeyay waa la furay, iyo dhamaadkii Ogosto 1881, hoos hogaaminta sayniska, sidoo kale kii labaad. Tani waxay ahayd tan ugu weyn, oo leh dhexroor qiyaastii 16&nbsp;m, qoditaankuna wuxuu socday saddex maalmood. Sannadkaas, laba darbi oo wareeg ah oo ka saman dhagxaan dabacsan oo lakab leh oo dhulka hoostiisa ah ayaa lagu helay. Gudihiisa waxaa ku jiray lafaha dadka iyo qaybo koal ah. * Xerada Roomaanka : Waqooyiga Hitzerode oo ku taal derbiga waqooyi ee Ihringsberg waxaa ku yaal waxa loo yaqaan ''Römerlager'', ama “Xerada Roomaanka”. Waa, dhab ahaan, dhismaha darbiga oo afar kun ah, oo geesaha ku laaban, oo uu ku weheliyo god, ka soo bilaabmay [[Middle Ages|Astaamihii Dhexe]], asal ka soo bilaabmay [[Germanic peoples|Jarmal]]. Darbiyadu waxay leeyihiin qiyaastii 85&nbsp;m ka soo bilaabmaysay bariga illaa galbeedka iyo ka soo bilaabmaysay waqooyiga illaa koonfurta qiyaastii 75&nbsp;m oo dherer ah. Celcelis ahaan, waxay leeyihiin qiyaastii 2 illaa 3&nbsp;m oo dherer ah. Waxaa ku jiray qol yar oo furan oo leh adkayn weyn halkan. * Kiniisada dhufayska ah ee Frankershausen : Kiniisada dhufayska ah ee Frankershausen, oo lagu ballaariyay qaabka Classicist, waa kiniisad parish ah oo [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] ah oo leh xarunta [[Gothic architecture|Early Gothic]] ah oo ka soo baxday inay samayso xarunta tuulada. Dibadda waxaa ku weheliya taawarka quire. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.berkatal.de Bulshada boggeeda rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} qk7mfo7j9gbb5kucy3opeqpd8vrj37t 303626 303571 2026-07-31T05:14:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Berkatal |image_coa = DEU Berkatal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|14|N|09|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berkatal ESW.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Werra-Meißner-Kreis |elevation = 234 |area = 19.56 |postal_code = 37297 |area_code = 05657 |licence = ESW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 36 002 |divisions = 3 degmooyin |website = [http://www.berkatal.de www.berkatal.de] |mayor = Lutz Bergner<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2024-05/BVII_m05-2024_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen|language=de|date=21 May 2024|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Berkatal''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Werra-Meißner-Kreis]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Berkatal waxay ku taallaa Beerta Dabeecadda ee Meißner-Kaufunger Wald oo ku taal cagta buurta [[Hoher Meißner]]. Webiga [[Berka (river)|Berka]] wuxuu ka soo burqadaa dhexdeeda xuduudaha bulshada. ===Bulshooyinka deriska ah=== Berkatal waxay ka xaddidantahay galbeedka iyo waqooyiga magaalada [[Bad Sooden-Allendorf]], bariga magaalada [[Eschwege]], koonfurta bulshada [[Meißner, Hesse|Meißner]] iyo koonfur-galbeed magaalooyinka [[Hessisch Lichtenau]] iyo [[Großalmerode]] (dhammaantood ku yaal Werra-Meißner-Kreis). ===Bulshooyinka ka kooban=== Berkatal saddexdeeda ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' waa Frankenhain, Frankershausen (xarunta maamulka) iyo Hitzerode. Magaalada ugu dhow ee weyn waa xarunta degmada ee Eschwege. Berkatal waxay qiyaastii 40&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigtaa [[Göttingen]] iyo 45&nbsp;km bariga [[Kassel]]. ==Taariikhda== ===Frankershausen=== Bulshada ka kooban ee Frankershausen, oo lahayd diiwaangalinteedii ugu horreysay ee qoraal ah sanadkii 876, waa mid ka mid ah deegaannada ugu taariikhda dheer gobolka. Markii hore, Frankershausen waxay ku jirtay dhulalka ay haysteen Baroortii Bilstein, oo ka sellay tuulada 1301 [[Landgraviate of Hesse|Landgraves ee Hesse]]. Landgraves-ku waxay siiyeen eeyo qoysas badan oo sharaf leh xuquuqda Frankershausen intii ay socotay taariikhdeedu. Markii hore, xarunta tuuladu waxay ku fidsanayd dhexdeeda kaniisada tuulada, oo lagu ballaariyay qaabka [[Classicism|Classicist]]. Sannadkii markii uu xarfaha [[salt|cusbada]] ka bilaabay qarnigii 16aad, doolku wuxuu degey meesha la socota Berka. Waqtigaas waxaa ka soo baxay hanti weyn oo leh guryaal waaweyn oo leh godal hoose oo lagu dhex meelayn jiray [[wine|khamri]] ka yimid [[Rhineland]] oo loogu talagalay iib. Wali wax caddaynaya maanta hodanka ganacsatada cusbada iyo khamriga ee Frankershausen waa guryaasha la dhowray ee ka soo bilaabmay qarnigii 18aad ee la xiray xariiqa ''Berkastraße'' iyo ''Am Wasser'' (“Xarunta Biyaha”). Ganacsiga Frankershausen maanta waxaa ku yaal ganacsiyo badan oo gacanta ah iyo hawlgallo ganacsi, iyadoo la jirto ganacsi yar oo ka shaqeeya biraha. Sannadkii 1976, dabaaldega 1,200-sano ee bulshada ayaa la xusay. ===Frankenhain=== Bulshada ka kooban ee Frankenhain, oo lahayd diiwaangalinteedii ugu horreysay ee qoraal ah sanadkii 1360, waa meesha saddexaad ee ugu taariikhda dheer bulshada. Bulshadu waxay heshay kordhinta dhaqaalaha intii uu socday kordhinta ganacsiga cusbada iyo khamriga, oo ay dadka deegaanka dhammaan ''Meißnervorland'' iska lahayeen ka bilaabashada qarnigii 16aad. Darawalada gaadhiga ee halkaas degganaa waxay dhiseen xariiqa maanta ah ''Meißnerstraße'' hanti waaweyn oo leh godal hoose oo caadi ah oo weyn oo lagu dhex meelayn jiray khamri. Qarnigii 19aad, macdan qodista iyo sameynta [[melting pot]] waxay noqdeen ilaha ugu waaweyn ee maciishadda ee dadka deegaanka Frankenhain. Xitaa maanta, wali waxaa ku yaal ganacsi Frankenhain oo soo saara melting pots, oo ka iibiya alaabtiisa dhuuxa dhan ee dunida. ===Hitzerode=== Bulshada ka kooban ee Hitzerode waxay lahayd diiwaangalinteedii ugu horreysay ee qoraal ah sanadkii 1195 dokumeenti ka yimid [[Pope Celestine III]], oo uu ku adkeeyay xukunkii Monaster-ka Germerode. Qiyaastii 1300, Hitzerode waxay u gudubtay [[Landgraviate of Hesse|Landgraves ee Hesse]]. Sannadkii 1498, helf-keedu wuxuu ka tirsanaa Landgraviate ee Hesse helf-ka kalena waxaa loo xilsaaray Horjoogayaashii Völkershausen, ka dibna Apel Appe zu Aue iyo Horjoogayaashii [[Eschwege]]. Taariikhda tuulada waxaa loo sameeyay, sida xarruntaha kale ee bulshada ganacsiga cusbada iyo khamriga. Snadadii hore ee taariikhda tuulada, dhismaha wuxuu ku koobnaa ''Kirchberg'' (“Buurta Kiniisada”) iyo wadada ''Albunger Straße''. Sidaas darteed, markii ganacsiga cusbada uu bilaabanayay, ''Lange Straße'' (“Wadada Dheer”), sidoo kale waa la dhisay. Tani waxay ka socotay Dohlsbach dhanka Frankershausen, iyadoo ka xamla meesha Meißner illaa Spangenberg. Halkan waxaa ka soo baxay hantida đại diện ee ganacsatada oo wali muujinaya deegaanka maanta. Sannadkii 1995, dabaaldega 800-sano ee deegaanka ayaa la xusay. ===Isku-darka=== Sannadkii 1971, iyadoo la isku daray xarruntaha Frankenhain iyo Frankershausen, bulshada waxaa la aasaasay. Sanno ka dib, Hitzerode sidoo kale waa la isku daray. Maadaama ay caddayn la'aan ahayd illaa marka ay Hitzerode ku daraysay Bad Sooden-Allendorf, waxay wali leedahay koodka telefonka gobolka 05652 (Bad Sooden-Allendorf) maanta, halka labada xarun ee kale ay labaduba leeyihiin koodka gobolka 05657 (Meißner). ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha bulshada=== Doorashadii munisipaliteetka ee dhacday 26 March 2006 waxay bixisay natiijooyinka soo socda: {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" | '''Xisbiyada iyo bulshooyinka codbixiyaasha''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2006''' |align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2006''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2001''' |align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2001''' |---- |CDU |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] |align="right" |26.8 |align="right" |4 |align="right" |23.2 |align="right" |3 |---- |SPD |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] |align="right" |40.2 |align="right" |6 |align="right" |39.7 |align="right" |6 |---- | ÜWG | Überparteiliche Wählergemeinschaft |align="right" |30.0 |align="right" |5 |align="right" |30.0 |align="right" |5 |---- | BLB | Bürgerliste Berkatal |align="right" |3.0 |align="right" |0 |align="right" |7.1 |align="right" |1 |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Wadarta''' |align="right" |100 |align="right" |15 |align="right" |100 |align="right" |15 |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Codbixinta ee %''' |colspan="2" align="right" |66.1 |colspan="2" align="right" |71.9 |} ===Duqyada Magaalada=== Laga bilaabo 1997 duqa magaalada bulshada wuxuu ahaa Friedel Lenze (SPD). Kuwa ka horreeyay waxay ahaayeen Willi Hildebrandt (SPD) ka soo bilaabo 1971 illaa 1979, Ferdinand Nieland (CDU) ka soo bilaabo 1979 illaa 1991 iyo Hansjörg Haas (CDU) ka soo bilaabo 1991 illaa 1996. ===Hogaanka bulshada=== Sida lagu dhigay sharciga Hessian, bulshada Berkatal waxay leedahay hogaan (''Gemeindevorstand'') oo ah guddiga hogaaminta jamaca ah ee bulshada. Guddigan, marka laga sootago Duqa Magaalada Friedel Lenze waxaa ku jira laba xubnood oo mid walba ka tirsan CDU, SPD iyo ÜWG. Xubinta sare, oo sidaas darteed ah ku-xigeenka duqa magaalada, waa Lutz Bergner (CDU). Gudoomiyaha hogaanka waa Manfred Zindel (ÜWG). Hogaanku wuxuu leeyahay laba guddi, oo mid walba ka kooban yahay shan xubnood: guddi weyn, oo dhaqaale iyo bulsho iyo guddi dhismaha iyo qorshaynta. Gudoomiyaha hore waa Bernd Fink (ÜWG) kan dambena waa Wolfgang Friederich (CDU). Saddexda xisbi ama bulshooyinka codbixiyaasha ee ku jira hogaanka waxay mid walba ku koobmeen koox, iyadoo Matthias Dix uu yahay gudoomiyaha kooxda CDU, Reinhard Philipp oo ah SPD kan iyo Thomas Schill oo ah kan ÜWG. ===Astaanta=== Bulshada [[Coat of arms|astaanteeda]] waxaa lagu muujin karaa: Gules a bend sinister wavy argent between a cross moline and a wagon wheel of six spokes Or. Bend-ka fekerka ah ee laaban wuxuu u taagan yahay magaca bulshada, Berka. Iskutallaabtu waa ''Frankenkreuz'', oo ah tixraac magacyada Frankershausen iyo Frankenhain. Rota gaadhiga wuxuu u taagan yahay darawalada gaadhiga ee mar halkan ku badnaa. ==Dhaqanka iyo daawashada== * Qasriga Bilstein : [[castle|Qasriga]] Baroortii Wigger – oo loogu magac daray [[Wigger I]] – waxaa dhisay Baroor Rugger II ka bilaabashada 1120, wuxuuna dhamaaday wax ka dambeeya 1145. Kaliya baaqii darbiga ayaa maanta jooga, gaar ahaan qaybaha ringwall, baaqii ceel ee bailey iyo cistern ee motte. Qaybta baaqa qasriga waxaa lagu helay saddex redoubts, High Redoubt, Redoubt over the Bilstein iyo Schnepfenburg, oo sidoo kale ah dhismayaasha qasriga ee macnaha weyn. Sida ku xusan sheekada, Baroorkii ugu dambeeyay ee Bilstein, oo la jiray qoyskiisa, waxaa lagu sheegay inuu dhagax ka soo tuuray gaadhi ku yaal derbiga markii lagu jiray weerarka, ka dib markii ciidamadii weerarka kaxeeyay ay heleen marin sir ah oo ka socda qasriga iyo ''Höllenmühle'' (khaanadda) hoose ee doolka oo loo maro qasriga laga soo siin jiray gaadiidka. * [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Kiniisada]] parish-ka ee Hitzerode : Kiniisada Hitzerode waxaa lagu dhisay meel wada muuqata oo ku taalla xarunta hore ee tuulada. Dhismaha, affarkiisa heer, wuxuu socday takriiban laba qarni. Qaybta hoose ee weyn ee taawarka quire waxaa la dhisay sannadaha hore ee qarnigii 16aad. Dhabarrada [[Timber framing|framaheeda alwaaxda ah]] ee sare waxaa la dhigay 1687. Qaybta dhamaadka, cupola, waxaa la dhigay 1738. Nave, oo la dhisay 1793, wali waa la dhowray foomkeeda asalka ah maanta. Oorgan-ku wuxuu leeyahay muuqaal [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] ah. Sidoo kale, kiniisaddan parish-ka ee Evangelical waxay haysaa saxanka baabtiiska oo taariikhi ah illaa 1603. * Kiniisada Frankenhain oo leh frescoes : Kiniisada parish-ka ee Evangelical ee Frankenhain waxay ku dhisantahay meel sare oo wada muuqata oo ku taalla xarunta tuulada. Qaybta ugu taariikhda dheer ee la dhowray ee dhismaha waa taawarka quire oo qaabkiisa asalka ah uu yahay [[Gothic architecture|Early Gothic]], oo lagu daray transept Classicist ah 1838. Kiniisadu waxay haysaa saxanka baabtiiska oo la dhowray ka soo bilaabmay qarnigii 16aad iyo oorgaan ka soo bilaabmay 1843. * Frau-Holle-Teich : “Waraabka Hooyo Hulda” wuxuu ku yaallaa meel godan ee Meißner. Sheekooyinka loo dhiibay waxay leeyihiin guriga Hooyo Hulda wuxuu ku yaallay Meißner. Magaca Frau-Holle-Teich waxaa la muujiyay inuu jiray ugu yaraan 300 sano. * ''Kripplöcher'' iyo ''Hielöcher'' : ''Kripplöcher'' iyo ''Hielöcher'' waxay ku yaallaan dhowaanta Frankershausen. Dhulka oo dhan waa meel dhowrida dabeecadda oo loo muujiyay [[karst]] geoloji oo leh godal yaryar iyo kuwo waaweyn, kuwo fidsan iyo kuwo dheer oo ay samaysteen dumitaannada. Dhexdeeda ''Hielöcher'' waxaa ka socda jidka wax barashada. ''Kripplöcher'', si kastaba ha ahaatee, laguma geli karo la'aanta hogaamiye. Sannadkii 1958 koox dhan oo lo' ah ayaa ku qasaytay dhul dumay oo cusub. Dhul dumidda waxaa keenay markii gypsum iyo kaydka cusbada ay biyuhu qaadaan. * Dolmen : Waqooyiga Hitzerode waxaa ku yaal qiyaastii shan illaa toddoba [[dolmen]]s. Kuwani waxay ka yimaadeen waqtiga qiyaastii 2000 BC. Sannadkii 1880, kii ugu horreeyay waa la furay, iyo dhamaadkii Ogosto 1881, hoos hogaaminta sayniska, sidoo kale kii labaad. Tani waxay ahayd tan ugu weyn, oo leh dhexroor qiyaastii 16&nbsp;m, qoditaankuna wuxuu socday saddex maalmood. Sannadkaas, laba darbi oo wareeg ah oo ka saman dhagxaan dabacsan oo lakab leh oo dhulka hoostiisa ah ayaa lagu helay. Gudihiisa waxaa ku jiray lafaha dadka iyo qaybo koal ah. * Xerada Roomaanka : Waqooyiga Hitzerode oo ku taal derbiga waqooyi ee Ihringsberg waxaa ku yaal waxa loo yaqaan ''Römerlager'', ama “Xerada Roomaanka”. Waa, dhab ahaan, dhismaha darbiga oo afar kun ah, oo geesaha ku laaban, oo uu ku weheliyo god, ka soo bilaabmay [[Middle Ages|Astaamihii Dhexe]], asal ka soo bilaabmay [[Germanic peoples|Jarmal]]. Darbiyadu waxay leeyihiin qiyaastii 85&nbsp;m ka soo bilaabmaysay bariga illaa galbeedka iyo ka soo bilaabmaysay waqooyiga illaa koonfurta qiyaastii 75&nbsp;m oo dherer ah. Celcelis ahaan, waxay leeyihiin qiyaastii 2 illaa 3&nbsp;m oo dherer ah. Waxaa ku jiray qol yar oo furan oo leh adkayn weyn halkan. * Kiniisada dhufayska ah ee Frankershausen : Kiniisada dhufayska ah ee Frankershausen, oo lagu ballaariyay qaabka Classicist, waa kiniisad parish ah oo [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] ah oo leh xarunta [[Gothic architecture|Early Gothic]] ah oo ka soo baxday inay samayso xarunta tuulada. Dibadda waxaa ku weheliya taawarka quire. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.berkatal.de Bulshada boggeeda rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 0d5vmgga0a93qst2u9b5qikbogjx3gx 0 49799 303572 2026-07-30T15:10:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Berkenthin.png |image_coa = DEU Berkenthin COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|43|N|10|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berkenthin in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Berkenthin |elevation = 12 |area = 10.22 |postal_code = 23919 |area_code = 04544 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 009 |website = [http://www.amt-berkenthin.de/ www.amt-<br />berkenthin.de] |mayor = Michael Grönheim |party = SPD }} [[Image:Amt Berkenthin Verwaltung.jpg|thumb|left|Maamulka Amt Berkenthin]] '''Berkenthin''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Lauenburg (district)|degmada Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa [[Elbe-Lübeck Canal]], qiyaastii. 10&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Ratzeburg]], iyo 15&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta [[Lübeck]]. Berkenthin waa xarunta ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' ("munisipaliteet jamac ah") ee [[Berkenthin (Amt)|Berkenthin]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Berkenthin}} {{Authority control}} 48lqgd7nv5mir23h3y5njb094bywben 0 49800 303573 2026-07-30T15:12:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Berkersheim |type = Quarter |City = Frankfurt am Main |image_coa = Wappen_Berkersheim.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|10|20|N|08|41|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankfurt Stadtteil Berkersheim.svg |plantext = Location of Berkersheim (''red'') and the Ortsbezirk Nord-Ost (''light red'') within Frankfurt am Main |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = urban |elevation = |area = 3.210 |population = 3881 |population_as_of = 2020-12-31 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop20>{{cite web|url=https://frankfurt.de/-/media/frankfurtde/service-und-rathaus/zahlen-daten-fakten/pdf/pdf-fsa/2021/fsa_2021_07_bevoelkerung_ende2020.ashx|title=Frankfurt Statsitik Aktuell 07/2021|publisher=Stadt Frankfurt am Main|date=July 2021}}</ref> |postal_code = 60435 |area_code = 069 |licence = F |website = [http://www.berkersheim.de/ www.berkersheim.de] }} '''Berkersheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛʁkɐshaɪm}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay ''[[Ortsbezirk (Frankfurt am Main)|Ortsbezirk]] Nord-Ost''. Berkersheim waxay ahayd magoolo madax-bannaan illaa 1910 markii loo badalay xaafad magaalada ka tirsan. Waxay ku taallaa qaybta waqooyi-bari ee Frankfurt waxayna xaddid ka tahay degmooyinka [[Harheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Harheim]] ee waqooyiga, [[Frankfurter Berg (Frankfurt am Main)|Frankfurter Berg]] ee galbeedka, [[Preungesheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Preungesheim]] iyo [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]] ee koonfurta iyo magaalada [[Bad Vilbel]] ee bariga. <gallery> File:Berkersheim-ffm001.jpg|Laga soo eegay [[Nidda River|Webiga Nidda]] </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Frankfurt-Berkersheim}} {{Authority control}} 53r0kerx5p3ornnv14srjxuijfwx1g6 0 49801 303574 2026-07-30T15:13:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen_Berkheim_(Landkreis_Biberach).svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|2|30|N|10|4|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berkheim in BC.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Biberach |elevation = 569 |area = 25.02 |postal_code = 88450 |area_code = 07354, 08395 |licence = BC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 26 019 |website = [http://www.gemeinde-berkheim.de/ www.gemeinde-berkheim.de] |mayor = Walter Puza<ref name=mayor>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 11 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;27 |image_skyline = File:Berkheim Blick über das Illertal nach - panoramio - Richard Mayer (1).jpg |image_caption = Skyline }} '''Berkheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛʁkhaɪm}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Biberach (district)|Biberach]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Duqyada Magaalada== Bishii Abriil 2011 Walter Puza ayaa loo doortay duqa magaalada isagoo helay 91.46% codadka, isagoo baddalay Michael Sailer. Puza waxaa dib loo doortay 2019.<ref name=mayor/> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[File:Illerbachen Kirche Tragekreuz.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Kiniisada St. Josef, Illerbachen, Berkheim, Biberach]] {{Authority control}} 463l7lq3cujdtm2pm41mwmhdo2gpesz 0 49802 303575 2026-07-30T15:16:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bermel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|17|05|N|7|5|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bermel in MYK.png |state = |district = Mayen-Koblenz |Verbandsgemeinde = Vordereifel |elevation = 400 |area = 7.34 |postal_code = 56729 |area_code = 02657 |licence = MYK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 011 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.eifel.com/bermel www.eifel.com/bermel] |mayor = Hans-Peter Isbert |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Bermel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛʁml̩}}) waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Mayen-Koblenz|degmada Mayen-Koblenz]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} i9gnedkvyxiqynt8720efcvhpf26vl5 0 49803 303576 2026-07-30T15:18:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bernbeuren COA.svg |image_photo = Auerberg Haslacher.jpg |image_caption = Harada Haslach ee dhowaanta Bernbeuren oo leh Mount [[Auerberg]] |coordinates = {{coord|47|44|17|N|10|46|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bernbeuren in WM.svg |state = |region = Upper Bavaria |district = Weilheim-Schongau |elevation = 773 |area = 41.65 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09190114 |postal_code = 86975 |area_code = 08860 |licence = WM |mayor = Karl Schleich<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |website = {{url|https://www.bernbeuren.de/}} }} '''Bernbeuren''' ({{IPA|de|bɛʁnˈbɔʏʁən}}) waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Weilheim-Schongau]], ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1y3kbyf196wl92kmihosvk997r6otz6 0 49804 303577 2026-07-30T15:20:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Berndroth COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|14.56|N|7|58|6.74|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berndroth in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Aar-Einrich |elevation = 370 |area = 6.22 |postal_code = 56370 |area_code = 06486 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 011 |website = |mayor = Rainer Hans Mohr<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Berndroth''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal [[Rhein-Lahn|degmada Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Aar-Einrich|bulshada ururka ee Aar-Einrich.]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nvmoefinxak3k6fy9609lk4nyu1m3zq 0 49805 303578 2026-07-30T15:22:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Berngau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|15|N|11|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berngau in NM.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz |image_photo = Bergau Ort 01.jpg |image_caption = Berngau |elevation = 433 |area = 27.14 |postal_code = 92361 |area_code = 09181 |licence = NM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 73 114 |divisions = 8 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.berngau.de/ www.berngau.de] |mayor = Thomas Meier<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Berngau''' waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Neumarkt (district)|Neumarkt]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} curfhdo9185ul2kkrmqtdgz5ialoyt2 0 49806 303579 2026-07-30T15:23:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Bernitt.svg |image_photo = Bernitt Kirche 2009-09-08 003.jpg |image_caption = Kiniisada tuulada ee xilligii dhexe ee Bernitt |coordinates = {{coord|53|53|56|N|11|52|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Bernitt_in_LRO.svg |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Bützow Land |elevation = 59 |area = 73.33 |postal_code = 18249 |area_code = 038464 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 013 |website = [http://www.amt-buetzow-land.de www.amt-buetzow-land.de] |mayor = Erhard Fink }} '''Bernitt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mrckk1ef319esnvpjaufr5qpx1xf6eg 0 49807 303580 2026-07-30T15:25:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|49|N|11|07|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bernstorf_in_NWM 2011.svg |image_photo = Bernstorf Herrenhaus 2011-10-02 006.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = {{ill|Herrenhaus Bernstorf|de}} ee Bernstorf |state = |district = Nordwestmecklenburg |Amt = Grevesmühlen-Land |elevation = 22 |area = 17.56 |postal_code = 23936 |area_code = 03881 |licence = NWM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 74 005 |divisions = 7 |website = [http://www.grevesmuehlen.de/ www.grevesmuehlen.de] |mayor = Mirko Timm }} '''Bernstorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteet]] ku yaal degmada [[Nordwestmecklenburg]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ratrb77kb38hgx4nh1v59rr11r366au 0 49808 303582 2026-07-30T23:50:49Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''''Hiiraan Online''''' (HOL) waa bog internet oo loogu talagalay wararka iyo macluumaadka ku saabsan [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Geeska Afrika (goob)|Geeska Afrika]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 1999 si ay wararka ugu gudbiso qurba-joogta sii kordheysa ee Soomaalida, waxayna sidoo kale ku taallaa Soomaaliya. <ref name=":1">"Hiiraan online"</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/digital-media-conflict-and-diasporas-horn-africa</ref> <ref>https://link.springer.c... 303582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Hiiraan Online''''' (HOL) waa bog internet oo loogu talagalay wararka iyo macluumaadka ku saabsan [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Geeska Afrika (goob)|Geeska Afrika]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 1999 si ay wararka ugu gudbiso qurba-joogta sii kordheysa ee Soomaalida, waxayna sidoo kale ku taallaa Soomaaliya. <ref name=":1">"Hiiraan online"</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/digital-media-conflict-and-diasporas-horn-africa</ref> <ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-56642-9_4</ref> Waxaa maamula oo xaruntiisu tahay [[Ottawa]], Kanada. Waxaa lagu daabacaa [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]] iyo [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] waxayna ka hadlaysaa wararka iyo arrimaha Soomaalida. Sannadkii 2019, waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay [[Online newspaper|mareegaha wararka ee]] ugu horreeya Soomaaliya. <ref name="{{Omission}} to Hiiraan Online, one of the leading Somali web news sites.">{{Cite book|last=Maruf|first=Harun|url=https://iupress.org/9780253037497/inside-al-shabaab/|title=Inside Al-Shabaab: The Secret History of Al-Qaeda's Most Powerful Ally|last2=Joseph|first2=Dan|date=1 October 2018|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|doi=10.2307/j.ctv6mtfn2|author-link=Harun Maruf|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref> == Taariikh == ''Hiiraan Online'' waxaa markii hore laga aasaasay [[Ottawa]], [[Kanada]], Luulyo 1, 1999. <ref name=":12">https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-somali-canadians-fear-sons/173025677/</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0005unse_h1o4/page/404/</ref> Aasaasihii shirkadda, Axmed Gure, oo hore uga [[Pilot in command|tirsanaan jiray shirkadda diyaaradaha]] ee [[Diyaarada Soomaaliya|Somali Airlines]], <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> ayaa bilaabay bogga internetka si uu ugu adeego [[Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed|qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed]] ee sii kordhaya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|<span title="why the website was started is not sourced (March 2022)">xigasho loo baahan yahay</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> 28 Juun 2011, weriye Faysal Maxamed Xasan oo ka howlgalayay [[Puntland]] ayaa la xiray ka dib markii uu soo sheegay in laba meyd oo madaxa laga jaray laga helay meel u dhow waddo ku taal magaalada [[Boosaaso]] ay qayb ka ahaayeen laamaha amniga ee gobolka. 2dii Luulyo, maxkamad hoose ayaa ku xukuntay dacwado ah "khatar gelinaya amniga dowladda iyo daabacaadda 'warbixin been abuur ah'." Markii dambe waa la sii daayay ka dib markii uu 33 maalmood ku qaatay xabsiga magaalada. == Tixraacyada == 9miep6ntqntchums22afwwv0icjshcb 303583 303582 2026-07-30T23:51:09Z Ayanfo189 46015 303583 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Hiiraan Online''''' (HOL) waa bog internet oo loogu talagalay wararka iyo macluumaadka ku saabsan [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Geeska Afrika (goob)|Geeska Afrika]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 1999 si ay wararka ugu gudbiso qurba-joogta sii kordheysa ee Soomaalida, waxayna sidoo kale ku taallaa Soomaaliya. <ref name=":1">"Hiiraan online"</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/digital-media-conflict-and-diasporas-horn-africa</ref> <ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-56642-9_4</ref> Waxaa maamula oo xaruntiisu tahay [[Ottawa]], Kanada. Waxaa lagu daabacaa [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]] iyo [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] waxayna ka hadlaysaa wararka iyo arrimaha Soomaalida. Sannadkii 2019, waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay [[Online newspaper|mareegaha wararka ee]] ugu horreeya Soomaaliya. <ref name="{{Omission}} to Hiiraan Online, one of the leading Somali web news sites.">{{Cite book|last=Maruf|first=Harun|url=https://iupress.org/9780253037497/inside-al-shabaab/|title=Inside Al-Shabaab: The Secret History of Al-Qaeda's Most Powerful Ally|last2=Joseph|first2=Dan|date=1 October 2018|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|doi=10.2307/j.ctv6mtfn2|author-link=Harun Maruf|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref> == Taariikh == ''Hiiraan Online'' waxaa markii hore laga aasaasay [[Ottawa]], [[Kanada]], Luulyo 1, 1999. <ref name=":12">https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-somali-canadians-fear-sons/173025677/</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0005unse_h1o4/page/404/</ref> Aasaasihii shirkadda, Axmed Gure, oo hore uga [[Pilot in command|tirsanaan jiray shirkadda diyaaradaha]] ee [[Diyaarada Soomaaliya|Somali Airlines]], ayaa bilaabay bogga internetka si uu ugu adeego [[Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed|qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed]] ee sii kordhaya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|<span title="why the website was started is not sourced (March 2022)">xigasho loo baahan yahay</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> 28 Juun 2011, weriye Faysal Maxamed Xasan oo ka howlgalayay [[Puntland]] ayaa la xiray ka dib markii uu soo sheegay in laba meyd oo madaxa laga jaray laga helay meel u dhow waddo ku taal magaalada [[Boosaaso]] ay qayb ka ahaayeen laamaha amniga ee gobolka. 2dii Luulyo, maxkamad hoose ayaa ku xukuntay dacwado ah "khatar gelinaya amniga dowladda iyo daabacaadda 'warbixin been abuur ah'." Markii dambe waa la sii daayay ka dib markii uu 33 maalmood ku qaatay xabsiga magaalada. == Tixraacyada == ezgffj0i8jw961rp5hk4vp53fkih6sg 0 49809 303585 2026-07-31T00:01:37Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Radio Erena''' waa idaacad raadiyo oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Baariis|Paris]] oo wararka ka baahisa luqadaha [[Af-Tigrinya|Tigrinya]] iyo [[Carabi|Carabiga]] una gudbisa [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] . Barnaamijyada maalinlaha ah ee laba saacadood soconaya waxay diiradda saaraan siyaasadda Eritrea iyo sidoo kale xaaladda socdaalka ee Yurub. Saldhigga idaacadda waxaa xaruntiisu tahay [[13th arrondissement of Paris|degmada 13-aad]] ee Paris, iyadoo taageero dhaqaale ka heleysa Reporters Wi... 303585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Radio Erena''' waa idaacad raadiyo oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Baariis|Paris]] oo wararka ka baahisa luqadaha [[Af-Tigrinya|Tigrinya]] iyo [[Carabi|Carabiga]] una gudbisa [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] . Barnaamijyada maalinlaha ah ee laba saacadood soconaya waxay diiradda saaraan siyaasadda Eritrea iyo sidoo kale xaaladda socdaalka ee Yurub. Saldhigga idaacadda waxaa xaruntiisu tahay [[13th arrondissement of Paris|degmada 13-aad]] ee Paris, iyadoo taageero dhaqaale ka heleysa [[Reporters Without Borders]] . Waxay isticmaashaa dayax-gacmeed, internetka, iyo barnaamij moobayl si ay ugu baahiso Eritrea, halkaas oo ah idaacadda kaliya ee madaxbannaan. <ref name="lemondelavoixde">https://erena.org/about-us/</ref> == Taariikh == Idaacadda waxaa la aasaasay 2009 <ref name="opendemocracyeritrean">http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2016/06/24/radio-erena-la-voix-de-l-erythree-en-plein-paris_4957644_3212.html</ref> <ref name="newsweekafricasnorthkorea">https://www.opendemocracy.net/sophie-baggott/radio-erena-wins-one-world-media-award-delivering-independent-news-to-eritreans-wor-0</ref> waxaana aasaasay [[Biniam Simon]], oo ahaa wariye hore oo ka tirsanaa [[Eri-TV]]<nowiki/>kaasoo loo ogolaaday inuu u safro Japan 2007 si uu uga qayb galo seminar ku saabsan soo saarista muuqaallada. Isagoo ka baqaya cadaadis uu ku hayo dalkiisa, wuxuu raadsaday laakiin waa laga diiday magangalyo uu ku joogo Japan; ka dibna wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu u safro Faransiiska. <ref name="theguardianabeaconofhope">http://www.newsweek.com/eritrea-north-korea-press-freedom-isaias-afwerki-623641</ref> Isagoo kaashanaya [[Reporters Without Borders|Wariyeyaasha Aan Xuduudda Lahayn]], wuxuu helay taageero dhaqaale iyo sidoo kale xafiis loogu talagalay saldhigga. <ref name="theguardianabeaconofhope" /> Saldhiggu wuxuu adeegsadaa dayax-gacmeed, internetka iyo barnaamij moobayl si uu uga baahiyo Eritrea, halkaas oo ah idaacadda kaliya ee madaxbannaan. <ref name="lemondelavoixde2">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/16/radio-erena-beacon-of-hope-for-eritrea-biniam-simon-paris</ref> == Tixraacyada == a5u6weau9s0r59dz247zythvbay6lbb 0 49810 303586 2026-07-31T00:09:14Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Dawit Isaak''' (wuxuu dhashay 28 Oktoobar 1964) waa qoraa riwaayadeed, suxufi iyo qoraa [[Eratareya|reer Eritrea ah]] oo ku xiran xabsi ku yaal Eritrea tan iyo 2001 iyada oo aan wax dacwad ah lagu soo oogin ama maxkamad la soo taagin, waxaana dowladda Eritrea u aragtaa khaa'inul waddan.  [[Amnesty International]] waxay u aragtaa [[Prisoner of conscience|maxbuus damiir leh]] waxayna ku baaqday in si degdeg ah oo shuruud la'aan ah loo sii daayo. Sannado badan, wuxuu ahaa muwaad... 303586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dawit Isaak''' (wuxuu dhashay 28 Oktoobar 1964) waa qoraa riwaayadeed, suxufi iyo qoraa [[Eratareya|reer Eritrea ah]] oo ku xiran xabsi ku yaal Eritrea tan iyo 2001 iyada oo aan wax dacwad ah lagu soo oogin ama maxkamad la soo taagin, waxaana dowladda Eritrea u aragtaa khaa'inul waddan.  [[Amnesty International]] waxay u aragtaa [[Prisoner of conscience|maxbuus damiir leh]] waxayna ku baaqday in si degdeg ah oo shuruud la'aan ah loo sii daayo. Sannado badan, wuxuu ahaa muwaadinka kaliya ee Iswiidhishka ah ee loo haystay maxbuus damiir ah (hadda waxaa ku biiray muwaadin Iswiidhish ah oo la afduubtay iyo qoraa caan ah [[Gui Minhai]] ). Laga bilaabo 2025, waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay mid ka mid ah saxafiyiinta ugu waqtiga dheer adduunka ee si joogto ah loo xiro. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110127142112/http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2792&artikel=2721509</ref> [[Mike Balsamo]], madaxweynaha [[National Press Club (United States)|Naadiga Saxaafadda Qaranka]] ayaa sheeganaya inuu yahay saxafigii ugu dheeraa ee la xiray adduunka. <ref>https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/eritrea/report-2011</ref> == Magangelyo iyo dhalashada Iswiidhishka == Isaak wuxuu yimid Sweden bishii Agoosto 1987, halkaas oo uu ka degay magaalada xeebta galbeed ee [[Göteborg|Gothenburg]]<nowiki/>wuxuuna noqday muwaadin Iswiidhish ah 4tii Noofambar 1992. Markii Eritrea [[Eratareya|xornimada qaadatay]], Isaak wuxuu ku laabtay waddankiisii hooyo, wuu guursaday oo carruur buu dhalay. Wuxuu bilaabay inuu wariye ahaan uga shaqeeyo wargeyskii ugu horreeyay ee madaxbannaan ee dalka, ''[[Setit (newspaper)|Setit]]'' . Ugu dambeyntii, wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah milkiilaha wargeyska. == Tixraacyada == fnlj09yncgdjpzqbuvpv44wfapild6q 0 49811 303587 2026-07-31T00:15:29Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Meron Estefanos''' (dhashay 6 Janaayo 1975) waa [[Human rights activist|u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha]] ee Iswidish-Eritrea iyo saxafi. Markii ugu horreysay waxaa caan ka noqotay bulshada qaxootiga Eritrea sanadkii 2011-kii iyadoo caawinaysa dadkii ay [[Refugee kidnappings in Sinai|afduubteen oo ay jirdileen dad tahriibiyayaal ah oo u socday Israa'iil]] si ay lacag madax furasho ah uga qaataan qaraabadooda, sida lagu muujiyay filimkii dokumentariyeed ee 2013 ''Sound of To... 303587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meron Estefanos''' (dhashay 6 Janaayo 1975) waa [[Human rights activist|u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha]] ee Iswidish-Eritrea iyo saxafi. Markii ugu horreysay waxaa caan ka noqotay bulshada qaxootiga Eritrea sanadkii 2011-kii iyadoo caawinaysa dadkii ay [[Refugee kidnappings in Sinai|afduubteen oo ay jirdileen dad tahriibiyayaal ah oo u socday Israa'iil]] si ay lacag madax furasho ah uga qaataan qaraabadooda, sida lagu muujiyay filimkii dokumentariyeed ee 2013 ''[[Sound of Torture|ee Sound of Torture]]'' . Ka dib markii [[Human trafficking in Libya|waddooyinka tahriibka iyo kuwa tahriibinta ay isu beddeleen Liibiya]], dadaalkeedu wuu sii socday wuxuuna shaaca ka qaaday shabakado dambiilayaal ah oo gaaray Yurub. Ilaa 2022, Estefanos wuxuu ka xumaaday in aan wax tahriibiyayaal ah la hor keenin maxkamad, iyadoo aysan jirin wax xiiso ah oo ka imanaya dowladaha qaranka iyo ururada caalamiga ah. == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Meron Estefanos waxay ku dhalatay 1974 [[Boqortooyada itoobiya|dalka Itoobiya]] . <ref name="rav">https://www.ravishly.com/ladies-we-love/meron-estefanos-eritrean-radio-journalist</ref> Aabaheed wuxuu ahaa qof u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha siyaasadda; markii uu ogaaday in la xirayo, wuxuu u cararay Suudaan, ugu dambayntiina wuxuu gaaray Sweden. Iyada iyo hooyadeed waxay ku hareen Eritrea, laakiin <ref name="joh">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQdeQ-9nXow</ref> : 2:18 Sannadkii 1987, waxay ka bixi kartaa Eritrea, <ref name="cbc">https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-december-15-2017-1.4448903/how-this-journalist-saves-eritrean-refugees-with-her-cellphone-1.4449005</ref> maadaama aabaheed uu shaqo ka helay Sweden. <ref name="toronto">https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/08/17/how-one-woman-saved-16000-refugees-with-her-phone.html</ref> Waxay isku sheegtaa inay mudan tahay sababtoo ah waxay heshay shahaadada dhalashada Sweden iyada oo u mareysa aabaheed waxayna u safri kartaa [[Ethiopian Airlines|diyaaradda Ethiopian Airlines]] ilaa Sweden. <ref name="joh" /> : 2:46 Waxay ku kortay Iswiidhan. <ref name="rav" /> == Tixraacyada == kf51g1l6iux2dnulbp4e459jmpuao3a 0 49812 303588 2026-07-31T00:29:23Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Rita Martin Lopidia''' waa haweeney u dhaqdhaqaaqda xuquuqda aadanaha iyo nabadda Koonfurta Suudaan, waana aasaasaha Eve Organization for Women Development ee [[Juba]], [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref>https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudan-woman-nominated-for-un-rapporteur-on-peaceful-assembly-rights</ref> == Taariikh Nololeed == Lopidia waxay ka timid Juba, Koonfurta Suudaan. Waa qof u ololeysa xuquuqda aadanaha iyo nabadda, oo abaabushay hawee... 303588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rita Martin Lopidia''' waa haweeney u dhaqdhaqaaqda xuquuqda aadanaha iyo nabadda Koonfurta Suudaan, waana aasaasaha Eve Organization for Women Development ee [[Juba]], [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref>https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudan-woman-nominated-for-un-rapporteur-on-peaceful-assembly-rights</ref> == Taariikh Nololeed == Lopidia waxay ka timid Juba, Koonfurta Suudaan. Waa qof u ololeysa xuquuqda aadanaha iyo nabadda, oo abaabushay haweenka u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha si ay u dalbadaan in haweenka iyo bulshada rayidka ah ay ka qayb qaataan wadahadallada nabadda ee ay hormuudka ka tahay IGAD ee ka dhacay [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] 2014 -2015 iyo sidoo kale Geeddi-socodka Dib-u-soo-nooleynta Heerka Sare 2017-2018. <ref>https://www.womenpeacesecurity.org/peacebuilder/rita-lopidia/</ref> Rita waxay ahayd ergo labada geeddi-socodba, waxayna saxiixday Heshiiskii Dib-u-soo-nooleynta ee Xallinta Khilaafaadka Koonfurta Suudaan - R-ARCSS. Rita waxay la shaqeysay dadka barakacayaasha ah ee ku nool Juba, Unity, Upper Nile iyo Jongolei, waxayna hadda la shaqeysaa Qaxootiga Koonfurta Suudaan ee ku sugan [[Yugandha|Uganda]] . Rita ayaa dhowr jeer khudbad ka jeedisay Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay iyadoo ka hadashay xaaladda Haweenka, Nabadda iyo Amniga ee Koonfurta Suudaan. Waxaa loo magacaabay Jagada Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Xuquuqda Xorriyadda Shirarka Nabadda iyo Ururnimada sannadkii 2018. <ref>https://www.eyeradio.org/s-sudans-peace-woman-wins-usip-peace-award/</ref> Waxay heshay Abaalmarinta CELD Global Women Leadership Award sanadkii 2017, oo ah "Abaalmarinta Lamaanaha ee Haweenka, Nabadda iyo Amniga" ee ugu horreysay sanadka 2019 iyo abaalmarinta dhismaha nabadda ee ugu horreysay ee [[United States Institute of Peace|Machadka Nabadda ee Mareykanka]] (USIP). <ref>https://www.herstory.ie/today/2022/7/7/global-peace-heroines</ref> <ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/south-sudanese-fighter-womens-voices-honored-by-us-peace-group--trfn-2020-09-16/</ref> == Tixraacyada == mw6kxceovb3ettvxoa8z7t46kgnba7x 0 49813 303589 2026-07-31T00:48:03Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Mustafe Xaaji Cabdinuur''' waa wariye iyo wariye idaacad [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Packer|first=George|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/georgepacker/2009/11/committee-to-protect-journalists.html|title=Interesting Times: Annual Reminder: Some Journalism Deserves Respect!|magazine=The New Yorker|date=2011-08-01|accessdate=2012-02-02}}</ref> Waxaa la guddoonsiiyay CPJ International Press Freedom Award|Abaalmarinta Caalamiga ah ee Xorriyadd... 303589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mustafe Xaaji Cabdinuur''' waa wariye iyo wariye idaacad [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Packer|first=George|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/georgepacker/2009/11/committee-to-protect-journalists.html|title=Interesting Times: Annual Reminder: Some Journalism Deserves Respect!|magazine=The New Yorker|date=2011-08-01|accessdate=2012-02-02}}</ref> Waxaa la guddoonsiiyay [[CPJ International Press Freedom Award|Abaalmarinta Caalamiga ah ee Xorriyadda Saxaafadda ee CPJ]] oo ay bixiso [[Committee to Protect Journalists|Guddiga Ilaalinta Suxufiyiinta]] sannadkii 2009. == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Cabdinuur wuxuu ku dhashay qoys shaqaale ah oo ku nool magaalada [[Baydhabo]], oo ah magaalo yar oo koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Muqdisho]] . Aabihiis, oo u shaqeynayay dowladda, ayaa u guuray [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] sanadkii 1987, saddex sano ka hor inta uusan bilaaban [[dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] . Dhawr sano ka dib burburkii nidaamkii militariga Soomaaliya, qoyska Cabdinuur waxay u guureen Muqdisho. Halkaas ayuu Cabdinuur ku dhammeeyay waxbarashadiisii dugsiga sare. Sannadkii 1995, wuxuu ku laabtay Baydhabo, halkaas oo uu ku bartay Ingiriisiga. == Tixraacyada == fy1nopmtah8fjjjlov7463ibfymuhc0 0 49814 303590 2026-07-31T00:57:10Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Harun Maruf''' waa wariye Soomaaliyeed oo fadhigiisu yahay [[Washitoon|Washington DC]], kana shaqeeya [[Voice of America]], sidoo kale wuxuu u soo shaqeeyay [[Associated Press]] iyo [[BBC]] . Wuxuu si wadajir ah u qoray buugga ''Gudaha Al Shabaab'' . == Asalka == Maruf wuxuu ku bartay Saxaafadda Caalamiga ah [[University of London|Jaamacadda London]] wuxuuna ka qaatay shahaadada Masterka. <ref>https://www.voanews.com/author/harun-maruf/p$-my</ref> == Xorriyadda saxaafadda ==... 303590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harun Maruf''' waa wariye Soomaaliyeed oo fadhigiisu yahay [[Washitoon|Washington DC]], kana shaqeeya [[Voice of America]], sidoo kale wuxuu u soo shaqeeyay [[Associated Press]] iyo [[BBC]] . Wuxuu si wadajir ah u qoray buugga ''Gudaha Al Shabaab'' . == Asalka == Maruf wuxuu ku bartay Saxaafadda Caalamiga ah [[University of London|Jaamacadda London]] wuxuuna ka qaatay shahaadada Masterka. <ref>https://www.voanews.com/author/harun-maruf/p$-my</ref> == Xorriyadda saxaafadda == Amnesty International ayaa sheegtay in hanjabaadaha [[National Intelligence and Security Agency|NISA]] ee Abriil 2020 ay ujeedadoodu ahayd in lagu cabsi geliyo oo lagu dhibaateeyo Maruf. <ref>https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/africa/east-africa-the-horn-and-great-lakes/somalia/report-somalia/</ref> Safaaradda Mareykanka ee Soomaaliya ayaa cambaareysay hanjabaadaha, iyadoo Maruf ku tilmaantay 'mid ka mid ah saxafiyiinta Soomaaliyeed ee ugu ixtiraamka badan'. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202004060645.html</ref> <ref>https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/us-defends-voa-reporter-harun-maruf-after-nisa-outbursts</ref> [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya]][[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] ayaa sidoo kale cambaareeyay falalka NISA isagoo sheegay inay muujinayso dabeecado kalitalisnimo ah. <ref>https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/farmajo-blasted-for-linking-journalists-in-somalia-to-al-shabaab-terror-group</ref> <ref>https://www.africanews.com/2020/04/07/ex-somali-president-cautions-govt-after-spy-outfit-threatened-top-journalist/</ref> == Tixraacyada == 0r4tt401svrijzoloagut52vcuhgvq7 0 49815 303593 2026-07-31T01:58:05Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: Golis Telecom ( {{Langx|so|Shirkadda Isgaarsiinta ee Golis}} Shirkadda '''Isgaarsiinta''' Golis ), oo loo soo gaabiyo '''Golis''', waa shirkadda [[isgaarsiinta]] ugu weyn ee gobolka [[Puntland]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Soomaaliya]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2002 iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in dalka la gaarsiiyo adeegyada GSM mobile, adeegyada [[taleefoonada fiilada|khadka go'an]] iyo [[Internet service provider|internetka]] . Shirkaddu waxay leedahay shabakad ballaaran oo dabooleysa dhammaan magaa... 303593 wikitext text/x-wiki Golis Telecom ( {{Langx|so|Shirkadda Isgaarsiinta ee Golis}} Shirkadda '''Isgaarsiinta''' Golis ), oo loo soo gaabiyo '''Golis''', waa shirkadda [[isgaarsiinta]] ugu weyn ee gobolka [[Puntland]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Soomaaliya]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2002 iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in dalka la gaarsiiyo adeegyada GSM mobile, adeegyada [[taleefoonada fiilada|khadka go'an]] iyo [[Internet service provider|internetka]] . Shirkaddu waxay leedahay shabakad ballaaran oo dabooleysa dhammaan magaalooyinka waaweyn iyo in ka badan 50 degmo oo ku yaal [[Puntland]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071022212418/http://golistelecom.com/about_g.htm</ref> == Dulmar Guud == Shirkaddu waxay xarunteedu ku taal magaalada dekedda ah iyo caasimadda ganacsiga ee Puntland, Bosaaso. Shirkadda Golis Telecom ayaa sidoo kale xarumo ku leh magaalooyinka waaweyn sida Garoowe, Qardho, Galkacayo, Laascaanood, Ceerigaabo, Carmo, Galdogob, Burtinle, Bursaalax, Badhan, Dhahar, Baargaal, Xingalool Boocame, iyo sidoo kale Ceerigaabo ee Somaliland. <ref>https://golistelecom.com/about-us/</ref> Golis Mobile waxay bixisaa adeegyo kale sida ''XOGMAAL'' . XOGMAAL waxay suurtogal ka dhigaysaa weydiinta, [[Email|iimayl u diritaanka]] moobaylka, iyo raadinta [[encyclopedia|encyclopedia-yada]] iyo [[Qaamuus|qaamuusyada]] internetka iyo sidoo kale [[Search engine|matoorada raadinta]]<nowiki/>sida [[Google]] . Waxay sidoo kale u oggolaanaysaa hubinta khadka tooska ah ee [[Stock|saamiyada]], [[Sarifka|sarrifka lacagaha]] iyo [[Weather forecasting|saadaasha cimilada]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, adeeggu wuxuu bixiyaa marin u helidda warbaahinta maxalliga ah ee Soomaalida, iyo sidoo kale kanaallada wararka caalamiga ah sida [[BBC]], [[Aljaziira|Al-Jazeera]] iyo [[CNN]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071022113223/http://golistelecom.com/xogmal.htm</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay ''[[The Economist]]'', sannadkii 2005, Soomaalidu waxay bixisay qaar ka mid ah qiimaha wicitaanka taleefanka ee ugu jaban Afrika. <ref>http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5328015</ref> == Tixraacyada == kjxg4qps0wav20ugbrjna9hz8sv40ih 0 49816 303594 2026-07-31T02:06:20Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Ururka Qaranka ee Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed (NUSOJ)''' waxaa la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2002 isagoo ah urur la yiraahdo Shabakadda Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed (SOJON) si loo hormariyo loona ilaaliyo xorriyadda saxaafadda iyo danaha suxufiyiinta ka dib markii Dowladdii hore ee Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya ay diyaarisay oo ansixisay sharci saxaafadda lagu caburinayo. Si ay si wax ku ool ah ugu dagaalamaan mushaharka iyo xaaladaha saxafiyiinta, xuquuqdooda shaqo iyo xorriyadd... 303594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ururka Qaranka ee Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed (NUSOJ)''' waxaa la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2002 isagoo ah urur la yiraahdo Shabakadda Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed (SOJON) si loo hormariyo loona ilaaliyo xorriyadda saxaafadda iyo danaha suxufiyiinta ka dib markii Dowladdii hore ee Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya ay diyaarisay oo ansixisay sharci saxaafadda lagu caburinayo. Si ay si wax ku ool ah ugu dagaalamaan mushaharka iyo xaaladaha saxafiyiinta, xuquuqdooda shaqo iyo xorriyaddooda xirfadeed, xubnaha ururka ee Shirkoodii Guud ee 2005 ee Muqdisho waxay go'aansadeen inay ururka ka beddelaan Urur una beddelaan urur shaqaale oo leh Magac cusub: Ururka Qaranka ee Saxafiyiinta Soomaaliyeed (NUSOJ). <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Ururka waxaa si rasmi ah loogu hibeeyay ujeeddada ah inuu u adeego danaha iyo baahiyaha saxafiyiinta xubnaha ka ah iyadoo la tixgelinayo xuquuqda saxafiyiinta, xorriyadda saxaafadda iyo xaaladaha shaqada. Ururka Qaranka ee Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed, <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> oo ah xubin ka tirsan [[International Federation of Journalists|Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Suxufiyiinta (IFJ)]], waa urur shaqaale oo qaran oo matalaya in ka badan 650 oo ka mid ah 1000 suxufi oo Soomaaliya ah, kuwaas oo aasaasay ama ku biiray ururka si ay u ilaaliyaan una difaacaan danahooda, baahiyahooda iyo xuquuqdooda si wadajir ah, ulana macaamilaan loo-shaqeeyayaasha, mas'uuliyiinta iyo qaybaha kale ee bulshada si wadajir ah. NUSOJ waa horyaal aad u firfircoon oo u ololeeya xorriyadda saxaafadda, xuquuqda saxafiyiinta, xuquuqda shaqaalaha iyo caddaaladda bulshada ee Soomaaliya. Saxafiyiinta xubnaha ka ah waxay ka shaqeeyaan warshadaha oo dhan sida weriyeyaal, tifaftireyaal iyo tifaftireyaal hoosaadyo iyo sawir qaadayaal. Xubnuhu waxay ka shaqeeyaan baahinta, wargeysyada, joornaalada, iyo warbaahinta cusub (mareegaha wararka). Xubnaha NUSOJ waxay ka soo jeedaan qoysas iyo asal kala duwan, iyadoo ay aad u kala duwan yihiin gobollada Soomaaliya. Iyadoo ay jiraan xadgudubyo aad u daran oo loo geystay ururada aadanaha iyo kuwa shaqaalaha ee ka dhanka ah xubnaha iyo hoggaanka NUSOJ, NUSOJ waxay dacwad ku saabsan xorriyadda isu imaatinka u gudbisay [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Aduunka|Hay'adda Shaqaalaha Adduunka]] (ILO) taasoo ku boorrisay dowladda Soomaaliya inay joojiso weerarrada ka dhanka ah NUSOJ iyo xubnaheeda. Khubarada xuquuqda aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> ayaa si isku mid ah u hadlay oo cambaareeyay weerarrada ka dhanka ah NUSOJ. [[European Parliament|Baarlamaanka Yurub]] ayaa si aqlabiyad ah u ansixiyay qaraar <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kaas oo ku baaqaya ilaalinta xuquuqda aadanaha ee Soomaaliya, gaar ahaan xuquuqda xubnaha NUSOJ iyo in la joojiyo weerarrada ka dhanka ah suxufiyiinta. == Tixraacyada == 8vsa4yerizpom8rxsqirss3osc03br3 303595 303594 2026-07-31T02:07:50Z Ayanfo189 46015 303595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ururka Qaranka ee Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed (NUSOJ)''' waxaa la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2002 isagoo ah urur la yiraahdo Shabakadda Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed (SOJON) si loo hormariyo loona ilaaliyo xorriyadda saxaafadda iyo danaha suxufiyiinta ka dib markii Dowladdii hore ee Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya ay diyaarisay oo ansixisay sharci saxaafadda lagu caburinayo. Si ay si wax ku ool ah ugu dagaalamaan mushaharka iyo xaaladaha saxafiyiinta, xuquuqdooda shaqo iyo xorriyaddooda xirfadeed, xubnaha ururka ee Shirkoodii Guud ee 2005 ee Muqdisho waxay go'aansadeen inay ururka ka beddelaan Urur una beddelaan urur shaqaale oo leh Magac cusub: Ururka Qaranka ee Saxafiyiinta Soomaaliyeed (NUSOJ). <ref>https://www.ifj.org/media-centre/news/detail/category/europe/article/ifj-welcomes-formation-of-first-national-union-of-somali-journalists-nusoj-in-fifteen-years.html</ref> Ururka waxaa si rasmi ah loogu hibeeyay ujeeddada ah inuu u adeego danaha iyo baahiyaha saxafiyiinta xubnaha ka ah iyadoo la tixgelinayo xuquuqda saxafiyiinta, xorriyadda saxaafadda iyo xaaladaha shaqada. Ururka Qaranka ee Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed, <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230930203107/https://www.nusoj.org/about-us/</ref> oo ah xubin ka tirsan [[International Federation of Journalists|Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Suxufiyiinta (IFJ)]], waa urur shaqaale oo qaran oo matalaya in ka badan 650 oo ka mid ah 1000 suxufi oo Soomaaliya ah, kuwaas oo aasaasay ama ku biiray ururka si ay u ilaaliyaan una difaacaan danahooda, baahiyahooda iyo xuquuqdooda si wadajir ah, ulana macaamilaan loo-shaqeeyayaasha, mas'uuliyiinta iyo qaybaha kale ee bulshada si wadajir ah. NUSOJ waa horyaal aad u firfircoon oo u ololeeya xorriyadda saxaafadda, xuquuqda saxafiyiinta, xuquuqda shaqaalaha iyo caddaaladda bulshada ee Soomaaliya. Saxafiyiinta xubnaha ka ah waxay ka shaqeeyaan warshadaha oo dhan sida weriyeyaal, tifaftireyaal iyo tifaftireyaal hoosaadyo iyo sawir qaadayaal. Xubnuhu waxay ka shaqeeyaan baahinta, wargeysyada, joornaalada, iyo warbaahinta cusub (mareegaha wararka). Xubnaha NUSOJ waxay ka soo jeedaan qoysas iyo asal kala duwan, iyadoo ay aad u kala duwan yihiin gobollada Soomaaliya. Iyadoo ay jiraan xadgudubyo aad u daran oo loo geystay ururada aadanaha iyo kuwa shaqaalaha ee ka dhanka ah xubnaha iyo hoggaanka NUSOJ, NUSOJ waxay dacwad ku saabsan xorriyadda isu imaatinka u gudbisay [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Aduunka|Hay'adda Shaqaalaha Adduunka]] (ILO) taasoo ku boorrisay dowladda Soomaaliya inay joojiso weerarrada ka dhanka ah NUSOJ iyo xubnaheeda. Khubarada xuquuqda aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=19924&LangID=E</ref> ayaa si isku mid ah u hadlay oo cambaareeyay weerarrada ka dhanka ah NUSOJ. [[European Parliament|Baarlamaanka Yurub]] ayaa si aqlabiyad ah u ansixiyay qaraar <ref>https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2018-0304_EN.html</ref> kaas oo ku baaqaya ilaalinta xuquuqda aadanaha ee Soomaaliya, gaar ahaan xuquuqda xubnaha NUSOJ iyo in la joojiyo weerarrada ka dhanka ah suxufiyiinta. == Tixraacyada == p5x1d66h8uivkycnsqlupr3uyau55lc 0 49817 303597 2026-07-31T02:20:10Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Shabakadda Warbaahinta Shabeelle''' ( '''SMN''' ) waa hay'ad [[Radio|warbaahineed]] [[Muuq-baahiye (farsamo)|oo]] fadhigeedu yahay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya. == Taariikh == Shabakadda Warbaahinta Shabeelle waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 2002 magaalada [[Marka|Merca]], Soomaaliya, waxaana aasaasay koox aqoonyahanno [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ah oo dhallinyaro ah. Hadafkeedu wuxuu ahaa in la hubiyo in Soomaalida adduunka oo dhan ay la socdaan horumarka ka jira bulshada Soomaaliyeed... 303597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shabakadda Warbaahinta Shabeelle''' ( '''SMN''' ) waa hay'ad [[Radio|warbaahineed]] [[Muuq-baahiye (farsamo)|oo]] fadhigeedu yahay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya. == Taariikh == Shabakadda Warbaahinta Shabeelle waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 2002 magaalada [[Marka|Merca]], Soomaaliya, waxaana aasaasay koox aqoonyahanno [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ah oo dhallinyaro ah. Hadafkeedu wuxuu ahaa in la hubiyo in Soomaalida adduunka oo dhan ay la socdaan horumarka ka jira bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo inay is xiriiraan. <ref name="Nsstvsl">https://www.insideview.com/directory/shabelle-media-network</ref> Wejiga koowaad ee shabakadda ayaa diiradda lagu saarayay in hawada laga sii daayo Afrika, Aasiya iyo Australia iyada oo loo marayo dayax-gacmeedka [[Thaicom 3]] . Sannadkii 2005, waxay ballaarisay inay ku darto baahinta dayax-gacmeedka ee Waqooyiga Ameerika iyo Yurub. <ref name="Nsstvsl2">https://web.archive.org/web/20121201051112/http://blogs.rnw.nl/medianetwork/new-somali-satellite-tv-station-launched</ref> Raadiyaha SMN ee Shabelle ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u koray si uu u noqdo mid ka mid ah idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay ee ugu ixtiraamka badan Soomaaliya, <ref name="rsf">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101216022733/http://en.rsf.org/somalia-press-freedom-prize-goes-to-somali-10-12-2010,39003.html Press Freedom Prize goes to Somali radio station Radio Shabelle]</ref> ayaa hawada ka baxaya 6 subaxnimo ilaa saqda dhexe. <ref name="repubblica">https://web.archive.org/web/20101216022733/http://en.rsf.org/somalia-press-freedom-prize-goes-to-somali-10-12-2010,39003.html</ref> Waxay markii dambe xarunteedii u rartay caasimadda qaranka, Muqdisho. <ref name="Nsstvsl3">http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL4378522</ref> == Tixraacyada == awrir9juefc7vni9cxhymhqgvzo91dg 0 49818 303602 2026-07-31T02:45:58Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Peter Adwok Nyaba''' waa dhaqdhaqaaqe u dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada rayidka ah. <ref name="afbooks">{{Cite web}}</ref> Waa u doode bulsho iyo cilmi-baare oo daraasado badan u sameeyay ururada samafalka caalamiga ah ee ka shaqeeya [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Wuxuu sii watay Wasiirka Waxbarashada Sare ee Dowladda Koonfurta Suudaan laga bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2013. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Chollo oo... 303602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Adwok Nyaba''' waa dhaqdhaqaaqe u dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada rayidka ah. <ref name="afbooks">{{Cite web}}</ref> Waa u doode bulsho iyo cilmi-baare oo daraasado badan u sameeyay ururada samafalka caalamiga ah ee ka shaqeeya [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Wuxuu sii watay Wasiirka Waxbarashada Sare ee Dowladda Koonfurta Suudaan laga bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2013. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Chollo oo ku taal [[Shilluk people|Shilluk,]] wuxuuna wax ku bartay dugsi diimeed oo Katoolig ah. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}</ref> Muddo gaaban, Nyaba wuxuu ka qayb qaatay [[First Sudanese Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee ugu horreeyay ee Suudaan]] laga bilaabo 1964 ilaa 1966, ka dibna wuxuu sii watay waxbarashadiisa [[University of Khartoum|Jaamacadda Khartoum]] . <ref name="afbooks2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref name=":02">{{Cite web}}</ref> == Xirfad == Shaqada Nyaba waxay diiradda saareysaa ururada samafalka caalamiga ah ee Koonfurta Suudaan, iyadoo diiradda saareysa maamulka, iskahorimaadka, iyo horumarinta bulshada. <ref name="afbooks3">{{Cite web}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == 08y9drprdn3ubd9r3uajnace97rjbby 303604 303602 2026-07-31T02:47:54Z Ayanfo189 46015 303604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Adwok Nyaba''' waa dhaqdhaqaaqe u dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada rayidka ah. <ref name="afbooks">https://africanbookscollective.com/contributor/peter-adwok-nyaba/</ref> Waa u doode bulsho iyo cilmi-baare oo daraasado badan u sameeyay ururada samafalka caalamiga ah ee ka shaqeeya [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref>https://riftvalley.net/staff/peter-adwok-nyaba/</ref> Wuxuu sii watay Wasiirka Waxbarashada Sare ee Dowladda Koonfurta Suudaan laga bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2013. <ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/01/06/260189348/how-i-almost-got-arrested-with-a-south-sudanese-ex-minister</ref> == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Chollo oo ku taal [[Shilluk people|Shilluk,]] wuxuuna wax ku bartay dugsi diimeed oo Katoolig ah. <ref name=":0">https://pachodo.org/pachodo-english-articles/23084-dr-peter-adwok-nyaba-a-controversial-character</ref> Muddo gaaban, Nyaba wuxuu ka qayb qaatay [[First Sudanese Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee ugu horreeyay ee Suudaan]] laga bilaabo 1964 ilaa 1966, ka dibna wuxuu sii watay waxbarashadiisa [[University of Khartoum|Jaamacadda Khartoum]] . <ref name="afbooks2">https://www.sudanspost.com/adwok-nyaba-says-south-sudan-peace-deal-failing-because-leaders-want-to-die-in-power/</ref> <ref name=":02">https://csrf-southsudan.org/repository/politics-liberation-south-sudan/</ref> == Xirfad == Shaqada Nyaba waxay diiradda saareysaa ururada samafalka caalamiga ah ee Koonfurta Suudaan, iyadoo diiradda saareysa maamulka, iskahorimaadka, iyo horumarinta bulshada. <ref name="afbooks3">https://csrf-southsudan.org/repository/politics-liberation-south-sudan/</ref> == Tixraacyada == mfw548xkkgbp8u7ulrubylcjp86klzc 0 49819 303605 2026-07-31T02:55:40Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Nyadol Nyuon''' (wuxuu dhashay 1987) waa qareen u dhashay Australia iyo u doode [[Xuquuqda dadka|xuquuqda aadanaha]], kaasoo ku dhashay xero qaxooti oo ku taal Itoobiya, kana soo jeeda qoys ka soo cararay [[Second Sudanese Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Labaad ee Suudaan]] . Waxay ka shaqeysaa [[Litigator|dacwad-oogayaal]] ganacsi oo ku sugan [[Melbourne]] waana faallooye joogto ah oo warbaahinta ah. == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Nyuon waxay ku dhalatay xerada qaxootiga... 303605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyadol Nyuon''' (wuxuu dhashay 1987) waa qareen u dhashay Australia iyo u doode [[Xuquuqda dadka|xuquuqda aadanaha]], kaasoo ku dhashay xero qaxooti oo ku taal Itoobiya, kana soo jeeda qoys ka soo cararay [[Second Sudanese Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Labaad ee Suudaan]] . Waxay ka shaqeysaa [[Litigator|dacwad-oogayaal]] ganacsi oo ku sugan [[Melbourne]] waana faallooye joogto ah oo warbaahinta ah. == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Nyuon waxay ku dhalatay xerada qaxootiga [[Itang|ee Itang]] ee Itoobiya sanadkii 1987, halkaas oo ay ku noolayd ilaa afar sano jir. Qoyska ayaa lagu qasbay inay ka baxaan xerada sababo la xiriira colaad ka jirtay Itoobiya, waxayna qaadatay 40 maalmood inay ku laabtaan dhul markaas ku yaal koonfurta [[Suudaan]] (tan iyo 2011, oo qayb ka ah [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] ). Wax yar ka dib markii ay timid, Nyuon way kala tagtay hooyadeed. Waxay dhif iyo naadir ku aragtay aabaheed, Taliye [[William Nyuon Bany]], oo ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii [[Sudan People’s Liberation Army|Ciidanka Xoreynta Dadka Suudaan]], isagoo ku maqan dagaal, wuxuuna dhintay 1996. <ref name="smh2019">https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/life-and-relationships/i-feel-free-lawyer-nyadol-nyuon-s-journey-from-horror-to-hope-20190517-p51ofy.html</ref> Waxaa soo korisay [[Step-mother|hooyooyin kala duwan oo soddog ah]] oo ku nool [[Nayroobi|Nairobi]], [[Lodwar]] iyo xerada qaxootiga ee [[Kakuma]] ee [[Kenya]], halkaas oo ay ku qaadatay waxbarashadeedii hoose iyo sare. Waxay sidoo kale ahayd Kakuma halkaas oo ay ku dhiirigelisay shaqada qareennada [[Gudida Sare Qoxootiga Qaramada Midoobay|UNHCR]] waxayna go'aansatay inay iyadu rabto inay noqoto qareen. <ref name="smh20192">https://womensagenda.com.au/latest/nyadol-nyuon-is-a-lawyer-a-former-refugee-an-incredible-advocate/</ref> Hooyadeed ayaa timid oo heshay ka dib geeridii aabaheed iyo markii ay jirtay qiyaastii 14 sano, waxayna walaalaheed kale u keentay Kakuma. Siddeed ka mid ah waxay ku noolaayeen guri dhoobo ah. <ref name="womensagenda">https://reichstein.org.au/news/australian-financial-review-women-of-influence-awards/</ref> Sannadkii 2005, qoyska waxaa loo aqbalay inay yihiin muhaajiriin u soo guuray Australia, Nyuon-na wuxuu jiray 18 sano markii ay yimaadeen Melbourne, iyagoo aan lacag lahayn. <ref name="smh20193">https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/life-and-relationships/go-back-to-your-s-hole-country-the-high-cost-of-standing-out-speaking-up-20210325-p57e75.html</ref> Ka dib markii ay heshay [[Victorian Certificate of Education|Shahaadada Waxbarashada ee Victoria]], waxay ka qaadatay [[Bachelor of Arts|Shahaadada Bachelor of Arts]] [[Victoria University, Australia|Jaamacadda Victoria]] ka hor inta aan loo ogolaanin [[Melbourne Law School|Dugsiga Sharciga ee Melbourne]] ee [[University of Melbourne|Jaamacadda Melbourne]], halkaas oo ay ku noolayd [[Ormond College|Kulliyadda Ormond]] waxayna ka qalin jabisay [[Juris Doctor|Shahaadada Juris Doctor]] . Waxaa ka caawiyay mid ka mid ah macallimiinteeda inay hesho deeq waxbarasho, ka dibna waxaa siisay $10,000 haweeney ay si kadis ah ula kulantay casho, oo sheekadeeda taabatay. <ref name="womensagenda2">https://www.sbs.com.au/news/new-harmony-alliance-chair-nyadol-nyuon-on-australia-s-african-communities-being-heard</ref> Walaalkeed ka yar [[Bigoa Nyuon|Bigoa]] wuxuu noqday ciyaaryahan [[Australian rules football|kubadda cagta ah oo u dhashay Australia]] . == Xirfad == Nyuon wuxuu hore uga soo shaqeeyay shirkad sharci oo caan ah oo lagu magacaabo Arnold Bloch Leibler. Bishii Sebtembar 2020, Nyuon waxaa loo magacaabay guddoomiyaha Harmony Alliance: Migrant and Refugee Women for Change, oo ah isbahaysi qaran oo ay ku mideysan yihiin haweenka soogalootiga ah iyo kuwa qaxootiga ah ee Australia. <ref>https://nationalwomensalliances.org.au/harmony-alliance/</ref> Doorkeedii guddoomiyenimada, waxay khudbad u jeedisay [[National Press Club (Australia)|Naadiga Saxaafadda Qaranka]] ee Canberra, oo cinwaan looga dhigay 'Australia Reimagined'. Bishii Nofeembar 2021, [[Victoria University, Melbourne|Jaamacadda Victoria]] waxay ku dhawaaqday in Nyuon ay qaban doonto door Janaayo 2022 isagoo ah agaasimaha Xarunta Sir Zelman Cowen, machad waxbarasho sharci, tababar iyo cilmi baaris ah oo loogu magac daray sharaftii guddoomiyihii hore ee [[Zelman Cowen]] iyadoo diiradda la saarayo sharciga iyo kala duwanaanshaha dhaqanka. Nyuon waxay kormeertay bixinta xarunta ee WorkWell Respect Network, oo ah mashruuc ay bilowday [[WorkSafe Victoria]] oo ujeedadiisu tahay ilaalinta haweenka dhaqamada kala duwan leh ee ku sugan goobaha shaqada ee Victoria. Barnaamijka waxaa si rasmi ah loo bilaabay bishii Luulyo 2024. <ref name="whiting">https://www.vu.edu.au/about-vu/news-events/news/nyadol-nyuon-appointed-director-of-the-sir-zelman-cowen-centre</ref> == Tixraacyada == 0ktahb1onzanvlxvbp7fl0p3tfvup0u 0 49820 303606 2026-07-31T03:00:18Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Ruth Simon''' (dhashay qiyaastii 1962 <ref name="CPJ2">http://cpj.org/news/1998/Eritrea29dec98.html</ref> ) waa wariye [[Eratareya|Eritrean ah]] . == Nolosha hore == Simon wuxuu la shaqeeyay [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xoreynta Dadka Eritrea]] intii lagu jiray [[Eritrean War of Independence|Dagaalkii Xornimada Eritrea]], isagoo madax ka ahaa daabacaaddeeda sirta ah. Waxay sidoo kale ahayd tifaftire guud oo ka tirsan majaladda ''Bana'' ee Ururka Dib-u-mideynt... 303606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Simon''' (dhashay qiyaastii 1962 <ref name="CPJ2">http://cpj.org/news/1998/Eritrea29dec98.html</ref> ) waa wariye [[Eratareya|Eritrean ah]] . == Nolosha hore == Simon wuxuu la shaqeeyay [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xoreynta Dadka Eritrea]] intii lagu jiray [[Eritrean War of Independence|Dagaalkii Xornimada Eritrea]], isagoo madax ka ahaa daabacaaddeeda sirta ah. Waxay sidoo kale ahayd tifaftire guud oo ka tirsan majaladda ''Bana'' ee Ururka Dib-u-mideynta Haweenka Eratariya ee Dagaalyahannada Guerrilla. <ref name="CPJ">http://cpj.org/awards/1998/simon-bio.php</ref> Dagaalkii ka dib, waxaa xabsiga dhigtay dowladda Eritrea 25-kii Abriil 1997-kii iyadoo u shaqeyneysay weriye ka tirsan [[Agence France-Presse]] (AFP). <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131105233145/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4851763.html</ref> [[Committee to Protect Journalists|Guddiga Ilaalinta Suxufiyiinta]] ee fadhigiisu yahay Mareykanka ayaa sheegay in loo xiray inay tabisay hadal la sheegay oo ka soo yeeray Madaxweyne [[Isaias Afwerki|Isaias Afewerki]] oo ahaa in ciidamada Eritrea ay la dagaallamayaan kooxaha fallaagada [[Suudaan]] . [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|Xisbiga Dadka ee Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Caddaaladda]], oo ah xisbiga Afewerki, ayaa soo saaray bayaan maalin ka dib warbixinteeda oo uu ku tilmaamay "kharribaad weyn" wuxuuna sheegay in ciidamada Eritrea aysan ka qayb qaadan [[Second Sudanese Civil War|dagaalkii sokeeye ee labaad ee Suudaan]] . Simon wuxuu ahaa wariyegii ugu horreeyay ee lagu xiro Eritrea tan iyo markii ay xorowday afar sano ka hor. <ref name="CPJ22">https://web.archive.org/web/20131105233145/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4851763.html</ref> Simon waxaa la xiray isagoon maxkamad la soo taagin ilaa bishii Maajo 1998, markaas oo Afewerki uu ku dhawaaqay in wariyaha uu wajihi doono maxkamad, Eritreana ay dacwad ka gudbin doonto wakaaladda wararka ee AFP oo ku eedeysay faafinta macluumaad been abuur ah iyada oo loo marayo "wakiil loogu yeero". [[Reporters Without Borders|Wariyeyaasha aan Xuduudda Lahayn]] ee fadhigoodu yahay Paris ayaa racfaan ka qaatay iyada, sidoo kale Kooxda Shaqada ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Xayiraadda Aan Sharciga Ahayn iyo CPJ ayaa iyaguna racfaan ka qaatay. <ref name="CPJ23">https://web.archive.org/web/20131105233145/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4851763.html</ref> Bishii Nofembar ee sanadkaas, Simon waxaa la guddoonsiiyay [[CPJ International Press Freedom Award|Abaalmarinta Xorriyadda Saxaafadda Caalamiga ah ee CPJ]] isagoo maqan, waana qofkii ugu horreeyay ee Eritrean ah ee ku guuleysta abaalmarinta. 29kii Diseembar 1998, Simon waa la sii daayay isagoon waligiis maxkamad la soo taagin. <ref name="CPJ23" /> Simon waa la furay wuxuuna leeyahay saddex carruur ah. == Tixraacyada == lz5n0bf251jhxa1c1idg9jzin6wc821