Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3435 303808 272069 2026-08-02T12:35:06Z Sakura emad 28797 Restored revision 224897 by [[Special:Contributions/Per excellence|Per excellence]] ([[en:w:User:BrandonXLF/Restorer|Restorer]]) 303808 wikitext text/x-wiki = Internet Explorer waa bog la isticmaalo oo kuufududaynaya inaad dhex gasho shabakada caalamiga ah = Internet Explorer ayaa waxa uu noqday boga loogu isticmaalka badanyahay caalamka sanadku markuu ahaa '''[[1992]]''' * [[Microsoft]] * [[Outlook Express]] {{stub}} [[Category:Internet]] j79s7rw8veka0d4ipuq09jifqomex02 0 4827 303945 303631 2026-08-03T03:17:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |22.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |22..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |23".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |27.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 8ya8do1dn5pc9vblbe59717f04gixp1 10 8618 303793 303792 2026-08-02T11:59:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ Celi 303793 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Infobox/style.css" /> {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go in the /doc subpage, and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> </noinclude> n2oqdz74rlb91mc3hw9fxdk5y7ag1mm 10 9158 303795 102412 2026-08-02T12:11:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>ifsubst | 1=<span style="font-variant:small-caps">{{{1}}}</span> | 2=<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/><span class="smallcaps">{{{1}}}</span> }}<noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> khqsztk4mo066r4tq05x25e7qvmck4p 3 11841 303856 303746 2026-08-02T14:29:56Z Pathoschild 246 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 303856 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__<div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Revi logo (pink).png|thumb|center|<span style="color:red">PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE MESSAGE HERE!</span>]] '''<span style="color:red"> BEFORE YOU BLOCK MY ACCOUNT: IF MY EDIT SUMMARY INCLUDE PREFIX </span>''(Script)''<span style="color:red">, DON'T BLOCK ME, JUST TELL ME TO SLOW DOWN AT COMMONS' TALK PAGE. IT IS AN AUTOMATED SCRIPT BEING USED ON COMMONS TO MOVE FILES.</span>''' Instead, please leave your message following site: <br /> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|45px|link=d:User talk:Revi C.]] [[d:User talk:Revi C.]] for Wikidata (Interwiki links) stuff <!--(I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there)--> <br /> [[File:Commons-logo.svg|45px|link=commons:User talk:Revi C.]] [[commons:User talk:Revi C.]] for renaming stuff or [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] action (I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there) <br /> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo optimized.svg|45px|link=m:User talk:Revi C.]] [[meta:User talk:Revi C.]] for other stuff (User right notification, revert message, etc...) Messages left on this page may be reverted or moved without any response.</div> 5b8qtz4dnjnrhc9ts3mku14m3gujbq8 10 16101 303905 303691 2026-08-02T17:01:02Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 303905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 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*'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> mcz6a1imri160zibqot5ltw5o5nr5v9 303910 303905 2026-08-02T17:06:44Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 303910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> cr8yypsdibinh0v4mm5x5kmxzc84tfb 303913 303910 2026-08-02T17:09:39Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 303913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyooye]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (Tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (Tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (Tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (Tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (Tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (Tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (Tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (Tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (Tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (Tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (Tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (Tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (Tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (Tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (Tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (Tiro)|14]] *[[15 (Tiro)|15]] *[[16 (Tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (Tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (Tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (Tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (Tiro)|20]] *[[21 (Tiro)|21]] *[[22 (Tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (Tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (Tiro)|24]] *[[25 (Tiro)|25]] *[[26 (Tiro)|26]] *[[27 (Tiro)|27]] *[[28 (Tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (Tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (Tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (Tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (Tiro)|32]] *[[33 (Tiro)|33]] *[[34 (Tiro)|34]] *[[35 (Tiro)|35]] *[[36 (Tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (Tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (Tiro)|38]] *[[39 (Tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (Tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (Tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (Tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (Tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (Tiro)|44]] *[[45 (Tiro)|45]] *[[46 (Tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (Tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (Tiro)|48]] *[[49 (Tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (Tiro)|50]] *[[51 (Tiro)|51]] *[[52 (Tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (Tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (Tiro)|54]] *[[55 (Tiro)|55]] *[[56 (Tiro)|56]] *[[57 (Tiro)|57]] *[[58 (Tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (Tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (Tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (Tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (Tiro)|62]] *[[63 (Tiro)|63]] *[[64 (Tiro)|64]] *[[65 (Tiro)|65]] *[[66 (Tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (Tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (Tiro)|68]] *[[69 (Tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (Tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (Tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (Tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (Tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (Tiro)|74]] *[[75 (Tiro)|75]] *[[76 (Tiro)|76]] *[[77 (Tiro)|77]] *[[78 (Tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (Tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (Tiro)|80]] *[[81 (Tiro)|81]] *[[82 (Tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (Tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (Tiro)|84]] *[[85 (Tiro)|85]] *[[86 (Tiro)|86]] *[[87 (Tiro)|87]] *[[88 (Tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (Tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (Tiro)|90]] *[[91 (Tiro)|91]] *[[92 (Tiro)|92]] *[[93 (Tiro)|93]] *[[94 (Tiro)|94]] *[[95 (Tiro)|95]] *[[96 (Tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (Tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (Tiro)|98]] *[[99 (Tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (Tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (Tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (Tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (Tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (Tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (Tiro)|104]] *[[105 (Tiro)|105]] *[[106 (Tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (Tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (Tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (Tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (Tiro)|110]] *[[111 (Tiro)|111]] *[[112 (Tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (Tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (Tiro)|114]] *[[115 (Tiro)|115]] *[[116 (Tiro)|116]] *[[117 (Tiro)|117]] *[[118 (Tiro)|118]] *[[119 (Tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (Tiro)|120]] *[[121 (Tiro)|121]] *[[122 (Tiro)|122]] *[[123 (Tiro)|123]] *[[124 (Tiro)|124]] *[[125 (Tiro)|125]] *[[126 (Tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (Tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (Tiro)|128]] *[[129 (Tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (Tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (Tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (Tiro)|132]] *[[133 (Tiro)|133]] *[[134 (Tiro)|134]] *[[135 (Tiro)|135]] *[[136 (Tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (Tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (Tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (Tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (Tiro)|140]] *[[141 (Tiro)|141]] *[[142 (Tiro)|142]] *[[143 (Tiro)|143]] *[[144 (Tiro)|144]] *[[145 (Tiro)|145]] *[[146 (Tiro)|146]] *[[147 (Tiro)|147]] *[[148 (Tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (Tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (Tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (Tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (Tiro)|152]] *[[153 (Tiro)|153]] *[[154 (Tiro)|154]] *[[155 (Tiro)|155]] *[[156 (Tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (Tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (Tiro)|158]] *[[159 (Tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (Tiro)|160]] *[[161 (Tiro)|161]] *[[162 (Tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (Tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (Tiro)|164]] *[[165 (Tiro)|165]] *[[166 (Tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (Tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (Tiro)|168]] *[[169 (Tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (Tiro)|170]] *[[171 (Tiro)|171]] *[[172 (Tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (Tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (Tiro)|174]] *[[175 (Tiro)|175]] *[[176 (Tiro)|176]] *[[177 (Tiro)|177]] *[[178 (Tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (Tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (Tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (Tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (Tiro)|182]] *[[183 (Tiro)|183]] *[[184 (Tiro)|184]] *[[185 (Tiro)|185]] *[[186 (Tiro)|186]] *[[187 (Tiro)|187]] *[[188 (Tiro)|188]] *[[189 (Tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (Tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (Tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (Tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (Tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (Tiro)|194]] *[[195 (Tiro)|195]] *[[196 (Tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (Tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (Tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (Tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (Tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (Tiro)|200]] *[[201 (Tiro)|201]] *[[202 (Tiro)|202]] *[[203 (Tiro)|203]] *[[204 (Tiro)|204]] *[[205 (Tiro)|205]] *[[206 (Tiro)|206]] *[[207 (Tiro)|207]] *[[208 (Tiro)|208]] *[[209 (Tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (Tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (Tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (Tiro)|212]] *[[213 (Tiro)|213]] *[[214 (Tiro)|214]] *[[215 (Tiro)|215]] *[[216 (Tiro)|216]] *[[217 (Tiro)|217]] *[[218 (Tiro)|218]] *[[219 (Tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (Tiro)|220]] *[[221 (Tiro)|221]] *[[222 (Tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (Tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (Tiro)|224]] *[[225 (Tiro)|225]] *[[226 (Tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (Tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (Tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (Tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (Tiro)|230]] *[[231 (Tiro)|231]] *[[232 (Tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (Tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (Tiro)|234]] *[[235 (Tiro)|235]] *[[236 (Tiro)|236]] *[[237 (Tiro)|237]] *[[238 (Tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (Tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (Tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (Tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (Tiro)|242]] *[[243 (Tiro)|243]] *[[244 (Tiro)|244]] *[[245 (Tiro)|245]] *[[246 (Tiro)|246]] *[[247 (Tiro)|247]] *[[248 (Tiro)|248]] *[[249 (Tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (Tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (Tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (Tiro)|252]] *[[253 (Tiro)|253]] *[[254 (Tiro)|254]] *[[255 (Tiro)|255]] *[[256 (Tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (Tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (Tiro)|258]] *[[259 (Tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (Tiro)|260]] *[[261 (Tiro)|261]] *[[262 (Tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (Tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (Tiro)|264]] *[[265 (Tiro)|265]] *[[266 (Tiro)|266]] *[[267 (Tiro)|267]] *[[268 (Tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (Tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (Tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (Tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (Tiro)|272]] *[[273 (Tiro)|273]] *[[274 (Tiro)|274]] *[[275 (Tiro)|275]] *[[276 (Tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (Tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (Tiro)|278]] *[[279 (Tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (Tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (Tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (Tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (Tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (Tiro)|284]] *[[285 (Tiro)|285]] *[[286 (Tiro)|286]] *[[287 (Tiro)|287]] *[[288 (Tiro)|288]] *[[289 (Tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (Tiro)|290]] *[[291 (Tiro)|291]] *[[292 (Tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (Tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (Tiro)|294]] *[[295 (Tiro)|295]] *[[296 (Tiro)|296]] *[[297 (Tiro)|297]] *[[298 (Tiro)|298]] *[[299 (Tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (Tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (Tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (Tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (Tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (Tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (Tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (Tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |down=tirooyinka qadka adag waa [[Tiro mutaxan|Tirooyin mutaxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> 3vzv2eeipl81gn3dwhx1qv8jxwrtzva 303914 303913 2026-08-02T17:10:06Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 303914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> cr8yypsdibinh0v4mm5x5kmxzc84tfb 303917 303914 2026-08-02T17:21:13Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 303917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] 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|list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> krjruixaa4ayqw4z3i3raklmy8g60sf 0 36928 303946 303398 2026-08-03T05:33:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soomaaliya''', sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]] waqooyi-galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika. Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan, kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta . Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Somalia | common_name = Somalia | native_name = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}<br />{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}<br /> Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coa_size = 100 | national_anthem = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}<br /><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]<br />{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Show globe|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Somalia|default=1}} | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Muqdisho]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] <ref name=MFA>{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Ali>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | recognized_languages = [[Carabi]] | religion = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)<ref name="factbook"/> <!-- check factbook references before changing! --> | demonym = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] <ref name="factbook"/> | government_type = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | leader_title2 = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]] | legislature = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]] | lower_house = Golaha Shacabka | sovereignty_type =Dhisidda | established_event1 = [[Dhul Udug]] | established_date1 = 2350 BC | established_event2 = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]] | established_date2 = 980 BC | established_event3 = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]] | established_date3 = 100 BC | established_event4 = [[Saldanadii Cadal]] | established_date4 = Qarniga 9aad <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> | established_event5 = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]] | established_date5 = Qarniga 10aad | established_event6 = [[Saldanadi Ifat]] | established_date6 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event7 = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] | established_date7 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event8 = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]] | established_date8 = Qarniga 16aad | established_event9 = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]] | established_date9 = 1695–1911 | established_event10 = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]] | established_date10 = 1648–1927 | established_event11 = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]] | established_date11 = 1878–1927 | established_event12 = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]] | established_date12 = 1749–1884 | established_event13 = [[British Somaliland]] | established_date13 = 1884 | established_event14 = [[Italian Somaliland]] | established_date14 = 1889 | established_event15 = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]] | established_date15 = 1 July 1960 | established_event16 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date16 = 1 Ogosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657<ref name="factbook"/> | area_rank = 43aad <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 19,280,850<ref name="data.humdata.org">{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 66aad | population_density_km2 = 27.2<ref name="WPP_2022">{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects |edition=online |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $32.500 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 151aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,920<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $12.990 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 147aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $766<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 177aad | Gini = 36.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only-->0.404 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 192aad | currency = [[Somali shilling]] | currency_code = SOS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85% * [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15% }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="factbook"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 }} Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]] kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Italian Somaliland iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|British Somaliland]] . 1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen . Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya. Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay. Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] . Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida . Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho, iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal . Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho. Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP per capita iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya South Sudan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta. Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika , Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Asalka erayga== Samaale , oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed , ayaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa in uu yahay halka ay ka soo jeedaan magaca Soomaali . Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada soo iyo maal , kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macneheedu yahay " tag" iyo "caano". Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan tag iyo caano xagga caanaha geela, Soomaalida koonfureed waxay adeegsadaan tarjumaada "sa' maal" oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Etymology kale oo macquul ah ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid ereyga Carabiga ee "hodanka ah" ( zāwamāl ), isagoo mar kale tilmaamaya hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha. Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka yimid Masar hore oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus . Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masar, iyadoo Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha "dhinaca bidixda"). Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad ee CE ayaa tilmaamaya waqooyiga xeebaha Soomaaliya - oo markaa ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi Bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria , iyada oo la tixraacayo dadka deggan Barbars ( Kushitic ) ee degaanka - sida Po-pa-li . Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee Soomaalidii sobriquet waxay soo bilaabatay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad ee miilaadiyada xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I oo lahaa mid ka mid ah saraakiishii maxkamadaha oo tiriyay hees uu ugu dabbaaldegayo guushii milateri ee ay ka gaareen Saldanada Ifat . Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa Harari qadiimiga ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed. Soomaalidu waxay si xad dhaaf ah u door bidaan shaydaanka Soomaaliga oo ka door bida qofka Soomaaliga ah ee aan saxda ahayn mar haddii kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay hal-ku-dhegyo laba-jibbaaran ah. Erayga af - soomaaliga marka laga yimaaddo juqraafi-siyaasadeed waa Horner oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda, waa Kuush. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]] Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulka asalka ah") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay. Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib . ===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa=== [[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]] Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan. Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda. Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan. [[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]] Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka. Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. ===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== [[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]] Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Cape Guardafui. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida. Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II , lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman , ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]] Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin "gacanta bidix") iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood. Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash ). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . Xilligii Ajuuraan Sultanate-ka , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha Merca , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah. Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan . Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]] Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan. Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad, oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska. Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan. ===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika=== [[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]] Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe , Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya. Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen. Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi . Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Somali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad. Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan; Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889 [[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]] Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh , waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (" Soomaali-weyn ") sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925. [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]] Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo. Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Abyssinia (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, British Somaliland waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960. ===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)=== Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Somali (HDMS) iyo Somali National League (SNL) — in Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood. British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960 [[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke & Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]] Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood. [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]] Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen, Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay. Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay French Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub. Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib. Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey "haa" codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999). [[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]] 26 June 1960 -kii British Somaliland protectorate waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)=== ===Inqilaab=== 15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka. Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay. [[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]] Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya, waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas. Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974. Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti. Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. [[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]] Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii. Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan. Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), United Somali Congress (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Somali Manifesto Group (SMG). ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]] Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka. Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye . Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa "la'aanta" shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya . Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan. [[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay "Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]] In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda. 1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga. Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo " Qaran guuldarreystay . ===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah=== [[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad. Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday. 10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd. DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004. Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta. Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah. ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== [[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]] Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya. ===Dowladda KMG ah=== Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. [ 191 ] January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Somalia ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. ===Falaagada Al-Shabaab=== Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah.  Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada.  29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah ===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka=== Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah . Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii. Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Operation Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor. [[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] Iyada oo qayb ka ah "Roadmap-ka Dhammaadka Ku-meel-gaarka" ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi-socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012 ===Dowladda Federaalka=== Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha ===2021-2023 abaar=== Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof. ==Juqraafiga== Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha . Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan "sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah". Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. [[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]] Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Khaatumo State of Somalia oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle . Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. ===Goobta=== [[File:Somalia (orthographic projection)2.png|thumb|Odoroska afafka ee Soomaaliya]] Soomaaliya waxaa ka xiga Kenya dhanka koonfur galbeed, waqooyi gacanka cadmeed , kanaalka Guardafui iyo badweynta Hindiya bari, galbeedna Itoobiya. Dalku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay Jabuuti . Waxay u dhaxaysaa loolka 2°S iyo 12°N , iyo longitudes 41° iyo 52°E . Istaraatiijiyad ahaan waxay ku taal afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee laga soo galo Badda Cas iyo kanaalka Suweys , waddanku wuxuu ku yaal cirifka gobol, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay u ekaanshaheeda khariidadda geeska wiyisha , oo badanaa loogu yeero Geeska Afrika. ===Biyaha=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya . [[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]] ===Degaan=== Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka . Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft). Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba. ===Deegaanka=== [[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]] Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Somalia iyo Somali Ecological Society, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero "soo jeedinta Soomaaliya" iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga . [[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]] Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya. Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah. Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero "dagaallada dhuxusha". Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada. Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka. Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta. Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]] Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "Xagaa"). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar. Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]] Soomaaliya waxaa ku jira naasley kala duwan iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay kala duwanaanshiyaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta weli dhacaya waxaa ka mid ah Haramcadka , libaaxa ,geriga xiiran , baboon , serval , maroodi , bushpig , cawska , lawska , kudu , dik-dik , oribi , dabada duurjoogta somaliyeed , reedbuck iyo zebra , maroodi shrew , dhagaxa dhagaxa ah . Waxa kale oo ay leedahay dad aad u tiro badan oo geel-jiif ah . Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah kuwan waa cudur, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama shil. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee sida gaarka ah looga helo dalka waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida ; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark ka yar; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi , Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet. Dhul-badeedka Soomaaliya ayaa ah goobaha ugu horreeya ee kalluumeysiga ee noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoof qaarad oo cidhiidhi ah laakiin wax soo saar leh ayaa ka kooban dhawr nooc oo kalluun -demersal ah iyo nooc qolof ah . Noocyada kalluunka laga helo si gaar ah qaranka waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli ( Cirrhitidae ), Symphurus fuscus ( Cynoglossidae ), Parapercis simulata OC ( Pinguipedidae ), Cociella somaliensis OC ( Platycephalidae ), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus ( Pseudochromis ). Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Kuwaas, ku dhawaad ​​kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes , Maska Garter-ka ee Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan ( Platyceps messanai ), mas diadem ( Spalerosophis josephscorteccii ), ciidda ciidda Soomaaliyeed , Qorraxda Gooryaanka xaglaha leh , Qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, Macmacaanka Laaluushka ah ee Laaluushka ah ( dyfani'ssty' Lizard ) gecko ( Hemidactylus granchii ), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore , iyo qorratada ciidda ( Mesalina ama Eremias ). Mas colubrid ( Aprosdoketophis andreonei ) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer ( Hackgreerius miopus ) waa noocyo cidhiidhi ah. ==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada== <!-- legislative leadership - executive leadership below -->{{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 350 | image1 = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud-ldn2.jpg | caption1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br /><small>[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022</small> | image2 = AU delegation meets Somalia Prime Minister to discuss support and collaboration (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]<br /><small>Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022</small> }} jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda . Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada. [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]] Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho, dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari . Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya ===Qaybaha maamulka=== {{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}} ​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),<ref name="factbook"/> kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa: {| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]] |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |- |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}} |} <small> * Lagu muransan yahay</small> <small> ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> <small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> ​<small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.<ref name="factbook"/> Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.<ref name="Frspc"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]] Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya . Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah. Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969. Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ===Milatari=== [[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida . Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda. Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA . Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.<ref name="Usthrs">{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,<ref name=Suehhrebubcp>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}</ref> wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Sasrracptrwvms">{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]] Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. ===Beeraha=== Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan. Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka [[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai 's Lootah Group, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 ft) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada , biyaha macdanta , macmacaanka , bacaha , dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta , aluminium , furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo , doonyo kalluumeysi , oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit . ===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta=== [[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA). MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha. ===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah=== Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay. [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuranium , iron ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey, halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta uranium-ka. Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is-dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta=== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( tele-density ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah. Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Golis Telecom Group , Hormuud Telecom , Somafone , Nationlink , Netco , Telcom iyo Somali Telecom Group . Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Universal TV . Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Sports oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan Garowe Online , Wardheernews, iyo Puntland Post . Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada Emirates bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah. Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta. Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana . ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]] Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft). Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso. Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== {{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}} {|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}} |- ! style="background:#cfb;"|Sano ! style="background:#cfb;"|Milyan |- |style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|2.3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|9.0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}} |} Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo. Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed. Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah. 1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]] Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Sweden , Canada , Norway , Netherlands , Germany , Denmark , Finland , Australia , Switzerland , Austria , Italy , iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo CIA World Factbook . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn. Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka. Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005-2010 est.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo . Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. ===Luuqadaha=== Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga , qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada , Canfarta iyo Saho . Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor. [[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]] Af- Soomaaligu waxay u qaybsamaan saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi , Banaadir iyo Maayga . Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir , laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Standard Somali. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle ( Raxanweyn ) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland. Dhowr hab oo qoraal ah ayaa sannadihii la soo dhaafay la isticmaalayey si loo qoro afka Soomaaliga. Farta Soomaaliga ayaa ah tan ugu isticmaalka badan, waana farta rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya laga isticmaalo tan iyo markii Golihii Sare ee Kacaanka ay si rasmi ah u hirgeliyeen bishii Oktoobar 1972. Qoraallada kale ee qarniyo badan loo adeegsan jiray qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah far Carabi oo muddo dheer soo jirtay iyo qorista Wadaad . Nidaamyada qoraalka wadaniga ah ee la sameeyay qarnigii 20aad waxaa ka mid ah farta Cismaanya , Boorama iyo Kaddare . Af-soomaaliga ka sokow, Carabigu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee qaranka Soomaaliya. Ku dhawaad ​​2 milyan oo Soomaali ah ayaa ku hadla Dunida Carabta, saameynta baahsan ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta. Ingriiska si weyn baa loogu hadlaa waana la baraa. Waxa ay ahaan jirtay af maamul oo ka tirsan maxmiyadda British Somaliland oo ay sabab u tahay caalamiyaynta ayaa sidoo kale caan ka ah Soomaaliya oo dhan. Ingiriisigu waa barta wax lagu baro jaamacado badan oo ku yaal Soomaaliya, waana mid ka mid ah luuqadaha shaqo ee aasaasiga ah ee NGO-yada waaweyn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. Talyaanigu waxa uu ahaa luqad rasmi ah oo ku taal Somaliland Talyaanigii iyo xilligii wakiilnimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisu aad buu u yaraaday xorriyadda ka dib. Hadda waxa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dawladda, iyo goobaha aqoonta leh. Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Sawaaxiliga Bantu ee ay ku hadlaan xeebta dadka Bravanese , iyo sidoo kale Kibajuni , oo ah lahjad sawaaxili ah oo ah luqadda hooyo ee qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee Bajuni . ===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} ===Diinta=== {{bar box|float=right |title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010<ref name="Pew">{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}} {{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}} }} {{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}} '''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010''' Diinta Boqolkiiba Islaamka 99.8% Mid kale 0.2% [[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]] Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah ( zawiya ) ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada. Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew. Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof. Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee British Somaliland protectorate . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl-wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta . ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]] Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn. Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray. Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka. Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6. Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka. Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah. Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn, warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali. Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere . ===Waxbarashada=== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho. Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada. [[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]] Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya . Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland University of Technology iyo Burco University . Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cunto=== [[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]] Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy. Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda [[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]] Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa " Qahwo ". Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad . ===Muusiga=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codka") ===Suugaanta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Canadian-ka ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , "Qaranka Abwaanada " iyo "Qaranka Baadiyada ". Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya: Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada, Abwaanada, Abwaanada, Abwaanada': nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan." ===Casri ah=== [[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]] Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta . Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami. Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Bandy World Championship 2014 . Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren . [ 364 ] Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai . ===Dhismaha=== [[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]] Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah. Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade. Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Warbixin Soomaaliya]] ==Taariikh nololeed== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Diriye Abdullahi |first=Mohamed |author-link=Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ |title=Dhaqanka iyo Caadooyinka Soomaaliya |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 |series=Dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka Afrika |location=Westport, Conn}} * {{Cite journal |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat iyo Ganacsiga Bariga Afrika, c. 1500–1800 |journal=[[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389 }} * {{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke |year= 2009 |title= Kacaankii Itoobiya: Dagaalka Geeska Afrika |location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} * {{Cite book |last= Laitin |first= David D. |year= 1977 |title= Siyaasad, Luuqad, iyo Fikir: Khibradda Soomaalida |location= Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7 }} * {{Cite journal |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= Qalab Software ah oo loogu talagalay Cilmi-baarista Luuqadda iyo Qaamuusyada: Codsiga Soomaaliga |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131 |s2cid= 6515240 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mauri |first=Arnaldo |chapter-url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=958442 |title=Nidaamyada Bangiyada Afrika |publisher=[[Cariplo]] – Finafrica |year=1971 |editor-last=Dell'Amore |editor-first=Giordano |location=Milan |pages=209–217 |chapter=Horumarinta Bangiyada Soomaaliya}} * {{Cite book |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Gabayada Afka iyo Qaranimada Soomaaliyeed |location= Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9 }} * {{Cite book |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |editor-last=Barrington |editor-first=Lowell W. |chapter-url=https://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472098985-ch5.pdf |title=Ka Dib Xorriyadda: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dowladaha Dhacdooyinka Kadib |pages=107–137 |chapter=Laga bilaabo Irredentism ilaa Kala-go'id: Hoos u dhaca Qaranimada Pan-Soomaali |location= Ann Arbor |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqw0DwAAQBAJ |title=Soomaaliya oo is-beddelaysa Tan iyo 2006 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4128-5390-3 |location=New Brunswick}} * {{Cite book |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= Ganacsiga u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Roomaanka iyo Hindiya |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 81-215-0670-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |author-link1=Aristide Zolberg |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author-link3= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Ka Baxsiga Rabshadaha: Khilaafaadka iyo Qaxootiga Dalalka Horumarka |location= New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-19-505592-4 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rosati |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=av8qvZ-0sHUC&pg=PA169 |title=Soosaarista Xoolaha iyo Sayniska Xoolaha Caalamka |last2=Tewolde |first2=A. |last3=Mosconi |first3=C. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wageningen Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-8686-034-0 |series=WAAP buugga sanadka |location=Wageningen |page=169}} {{Refend}} ==Xusuusin== {{lang-so|Soomaaliya}} {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}} '''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl '''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ "Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }} * [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay] *[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 <nowiki>Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969</nowiki>] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah"] *[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} *[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya] *[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&q=somalia+stillbay+culture&pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida] *[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&dq=isaaq+sultanate&pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ "Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ "Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ "Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada"] *[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html "Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC"] *[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka"] *[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing"] *[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html "Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009"] *[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 "Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya"] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay"] *[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta] *[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday"] * ​[https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "Mylonas, Harris. 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Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} [https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698394.001.0001 "James Ker-Lindsay (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Lionel Casson (1984). Ancient Trade and Society"] "Jorge Alejandro Suárez. Geopolítica de lo Desconocido: Una visión diferente de la Política International" "Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C "Lidwien Kapteijns (2012). Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=D97AEAAAQBAJ "Joana Cook (2023). The Rule Is For None But Allah. Oxford University Press"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC "Ali Jimale Ahmed (1995). 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Garowe Online"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USCIRF,,,4a4f272bc,0.html "USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009. Garowe Online"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml |date=20130928150305 }} [http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Opening Annual General Assembly Debate. UNIS Vienna (2005)"] [http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ "Kamaal. UN boss urges support for Somalia. Horseed Media"] [http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 "Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi. Kenya High Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |date=20120816100759 }} * [http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html "Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |date=20130402205646 }} [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief. World Bank"] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html "Somalia. The World Factbook (2009)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html "Coastline. The World Factbook"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |date=20170716042040 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm "Somalia – Climate. Country Studies"] [http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/113 "Fatima Jibrell. Goldman Environmental Prize"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Jeffrey Gettleman. As Somali Crisis Swells, Experts See a Void in Aid. The New York Times"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm "Islamists break Somali port truce. BBC News"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia "Clar Ni Chonghaile. Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo. The Guardian"] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Muddassar Ahmed. Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest. Al Arabiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html |date=20120809223608 }} * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece "Jonathan Clayton. Somalia's secret dumps of toxic waste. The Times"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece |date=20110810033244 }} * [http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Monetary policy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html |date=20090125062011 }} * [http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Payment system"] {{Wayback|url=http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html |date=20090122232449 }} * [http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf "UK Somali Remittances Survey"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf |date=20201109191722 }} * [http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 "Decades of community service recognised with award - Tower Hamlets Recorder"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205333/http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 |date=20110511205333 }} * [http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ "The curious tale of the world-beating Somali shilling - Financial Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815142257/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ |date=20170815142257 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 "Diplomat to start Somalia's first stock market - Reuters"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100728/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/08/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 |date=20150930100728 }} * [http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php "Mission & Vision - Somali Energy Company"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522182434/http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php |date=20230522182434 }} * [http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf "UNCTAD: Somalia Investment Data"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075656/http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf |date=20160306075656 }} * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ "Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917005212/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ |date=20070917005212 }} * [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM "OPEC: World proven crude oil reserves by country"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905210305/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM |date=20130905210305 }} * [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia "Soma Oil & Gas May Invest $20 Million to Survey Somalia - Bloomberg"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825065126/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia |date=20130825065126 }} * [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 "Big Uranium Find Announced in Somalia - The New York Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212617/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 |date=20200709212617 }} * [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) - Somalia Report"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119113709/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} * [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Long Forgotten Uranium Bonanza Rediscovered - MarketWatch"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211900/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 |date=20140517211900 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/world/somalia-business-keen-to-join-forces-for-peace-idUSTRE64M158/ "Somalia business keen to join forces for peace - Reuters"] * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 "Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War - The Wall Street Journal"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221707/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 |date=20170718221707 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 "Radio and electronic media edge out newspapers in Somalia - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213045204/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 |date=20121213045204 }} * [http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry - Official .so Domain"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ |date=20141031021901 }} * [http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ "International mail services officially resume in Somalia - UPU"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ |date=20131109172506 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true "Somalia's government launches postal service - BBC News"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103224919/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true |date=20220103224919 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 "New tourism ministry under construction in Garowe - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042703/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 |date=20160304042703 }} * [http://somta.so/ "Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA)"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123131425/http://somta.so/ |date=20190123131425 }} * [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 "South West State to renovate Government Hotels - Goobjoog"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411145528/https://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 |date=20230411145528 }} * [https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/ "Travel Advisory: Somalia - Travel.State.Gov"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311235850/https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.829980986%2C-1.783760626%2C59.54518237%2C12.077308381 |date=20200311235850 }} * [http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ "Somalia to revive national airline after 21 years - Laanta"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150005/http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ |date=20141102150005 }} * [http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ "The long awaited Somali Airlines is Coming Back! - Keydmedia Online"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231315/http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ |date=20131202231315 }} * [https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO "World Bank Open Data: Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130043543/https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO |date=20231130043543 }} * [https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf "UNFPA: Population Estimation Survey of Somalia 2014"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf |date=20170804014649 }} * [http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html "The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191857/http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html |date=20140416191857 }} * [http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf "The Global Religious Landscape - Pew Research Center"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |date=20130806002044 }} * [http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm "Somalia – Education Overview - WES"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511075522/http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm |date=20110511075522 }} * [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html "The State Of The World's Midwifery - UNFPA"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120184853/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html |date=20120120184853 }} * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|pp=170–1}} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=109}} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}} * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=98–99}} * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia - Britannica"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ |date=20221014163003 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ker-Lindsay |first1=James |title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969839-4 |pages=58–59}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Ancient Trade and Society - Lionel Casson"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }} * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}} * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}} * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html "Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }} * [[suspicious link removed] "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame"] * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 "The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"] * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}} * [[suspicious link removed] "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian"] * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ "Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 "Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News"] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 "Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }} * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm "Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }} * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance - United Nations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]] === Dawladda === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda * [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya * [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya * [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya * [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya * [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya === Taariikh === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia "Taariikh"] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya === Dalxiis === * [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] {{Wayback|url=https://tourism.gov.so/ |date=20230506225038 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka & Dalxiiska === Khariidado === * {{Wikiatlas}} * {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Midowga Afrika}} }} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Subject bar|Soomaaliya|Afrika|Dalalka|auto=yes|voy=Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} <!-- ugu hooseeya per [[WP:SUBCAT]] - hoosaadka dalalka ee hoostaga qaybaha gobolka --> 6jq8wkek47vs9t0viluqmx9o52hqj3e 0 41383 303805 298234 2026-08-02T12:32:22Z Sakura emad 28797 Restored revision 272708 by [[Special:Contributions/Abdirahman 4|Abdirahman 4]] ([[en:w:User:BrandonXLF/Restorer|Restorer]]) 303805 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mahdi Ayuub.jpg|thumb]] '''''Mahdi Ayuub''''' wuxuu ku dhashay sanadkii '''1941''' magaalada '''Fiiq''', oo ka tirsan deegaanka Soomaalida. Wuxuu waxbarashadiisa ilaa heer jaamacadeed ku dhigtay Itoobiya, kadibna wuxuu koorsooyin dheeraad ah ku qaatay dalka '''Jarmalka'''.[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldanadii_Ogaadeen] Sanadkii '''1973''', Mahdi Ayuub wuxuu ka mid noqday '''6-dii xildhibaan''' ee deegaanka Soomaalida ku matalayay '''dawladdii Derg'''. Intii uu xilka hayay, waxaa lagu xasuustaa inuu si '''dadaal iyo geesinimo leh''' u sii daayay '''Suldaan Duulane Rafle''' iyo '''Cabdiraxmaan Sheekh Qasim''', oo muddo dheer ku xirnaa gobolka '''Gojjam''' ee Axmaarada. Arrintan darteed ayaa Mahdi Ayuub jeel loogu taxaabay. '''Xilalkii uu Soo Qabtay''' Ka dib markii uu xabsiga ka soo baxay, Mahdi Ayuub wuxuu qabtay xilal muhiim ah oo kala duwan: • '''1975''' tii Guddoomiyaha degmada '''Dhagaxmadaw''' • '''Guddoomiyaha gobolka Jarar''' • '''Guddoomiyaha gobolka Afdheer''' • '''Guddoomiyaha gobolka Wardheer''' – Wuxuu si geesinimo leh u fuliyay toogashada '''5 askari oo ka tirsanaa millatariga Itoobiya''', kuwaas oo si kibir ah gabadh Soomaaliyeed u dilay. • '''Guddoomiyaha gobolka Hararge''' • '''Xubin ka tirsan Golaha Shangooga''' • '''Guddoomiyaha gobolka Fiiq''' Sanadkii '''1996''', Mahdi Ayuub waxaa loo doortay '''Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka deegaanka Soomaalida'''. Hal sanno ka dib, wuxuu sameeyay '''af-gambi taariikhi ah''', oo uu xilka kaga tuuray '''Madaxweyne Ciid Daahir''', arrintaas oo bogaadin iyo ammaan badan uu ku helay. Taariikhyahannadu waxay xuseen gabaygii caanka noqday ee la dhihi jiray: ''“Moortaanyadii & Madfacii ku dhacay leeeego'' ''Mahdi ina Ayuub baa lahaa Mahadhadeediye'' ''Haduu saa ku mawdana Aduun, magacsan Baw yaale'' ''Oo Hadaan Maalinguur jirin Absame Ba ma muuqdeen”'' '''Xadhigii iyo Dhibaatooyinkii uu La Kulmay''' • '''Xabsigiisii koowaad''' – Waxaa lagu xidhay dadaalkiisii xornimo-doonka ahaa, markii uu sii daayay maxaabiista Soomaaliyeed. • '''1997''' – Waxaa mar labaad loo taxaabay xabsiga, halkaas oo uu ku xirnaa '''3 sano'''. • '''Kadib''' – Wuxuu noqday '''xildhibaan heer deegaan''', kadibna waxaa loo magacaabay '''hogaanka nabadgalyada DDS'''. • '''Mar Saddexaad''' – Waxaa loo taxaabay xabsiga weyn ee '''Zuwey''', halkaas oo uu ku xirnaa '''6 sano'''. '''Dhimashadiisa & Dhaxalkiisii''' Mahdi Ayuub wuxuu ahaa '''siyaasi geesi ah''', oo naf-hurnimo weyn u sameeyay deegaanka Soomaalida. In kasta oo uu marar badan jeel ku jiray, haddana ma uusan joojin halgankiisa. '''Allaha u naxariistee''', Mahdi Ayuub wuxuu ka tagay taariikh '''wax ku ool ah''', waxaana loo xusuustaa '''dadaalkiisii, geesinimadiisii, iyo halgankiisii uu ugu jiray xuquuqda Soomaalida Itoobiya'''. '''Xigashooyin & Xusuus''' Waxaan kasoo xiganay maqaalo laga sameeyay oo Heer deegan iyo dawladaba ka socda jewtg5m7ax01740driwr6mast4hocja 0 42274 303894 296469 2026-08-02T16:40:04Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-22524-39|~2026-22524-39]] ([[User talk:~2026-22524-39|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 281489 wikitext text/x-wiki Kalabaydh waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]]) ee [[Somaliland]] , waxayna fadhisaa isgoysyada wadooyinka waaweyn ee isku xidha [[Gabiley]] , [[Wajaale]] iyo [[Boorama]] {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Kalabaydh | native_name = | other_name = | settlement_type = Magaalo | imagesize = | image_skyline = Kalaybadh.jpg | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_mapsize = | coordinates = {{coord|9|40|52.8|N|43|28|40.2|E|type:city_region:SO|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Maroodi Jeex]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Gabiley]] | established_title = | established_date = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = | blank_info = | name = }} ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Guud ahaan dadka ku dhaqan magaalada Kalabaydh waa 50,000 oo qof waxaana ugu horrayn dega beesha Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse ee Habar Awal Isaaq . ==Tixraac== 1:[https://books.google.com/books?id=pAeuDwAAQBAJ&q=kalabaydh+somalia.&pg=PA152 Buug-gacmeedka Horumarka Dhaqaale iyo Siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya ee Dhowaan Buugga 1aad Xogta Istaraatiijiga ah] 2:Dimoqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda oo ka mid ah Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika, IM Lewis, b.109. 3upr82b02owpp15uhfokl3y4wq26twa 10 46335 303923 303729 2026-08-02T18:12:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303923 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Bogga Hore/styles.css" /> __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ <!--Hordhaca--> {{Hordhaca Cusub ee Bogga Hore}} <div class="mp-clear"></div> <!-- Qaybaha Hoose ee Laba Geesoodka ah (Desktop) & Hal Gees (Mobile) --> <div class="mp-container"> <div class="mp-column"> <div class="mp-box"> <h2 class="mp-heading"> Maqaalka Maanta </h2> {| class="mp-content" |- | |- {{Maqaal Xul Ah Bogga 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Bahwadaagta la ah Wikimedia </h2> {{Wikimedia for portals}} <h2 class="mp-heading"> Luuqadaha kale Wikibidhiya </h2> {{Wikipedialang}} {{noexternallanglinks}} [[Category:Bogga Hore]] t6wji6iggu0pghxroexjzfurs9fv181 303925 303924 2026-08-02T18:25:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303925 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Bogga Hore/styles.css" /> __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ <!--Hordhaca--> {{Hordhaca Cusub ee Bogga Hore}} <div class="mp-clear"></div> <!-- Qaybaha Hoose ee Laba Geesoodka ah (Desktop) & Hal Gees (Mobile) --> <div class="mp-container"> <div class="mp-column"> <div class="mp-box"> <h2 class="mp-heading"> Maqaalka Maanta </h2> {| class="mp-content" |- | |- {{Maqaal Xul Ah Bogga Hore}} [[n:|'''Wararka Wiki''']] – [[Portal:Dhacdooyinka Hadda|'''Dhacdooyinka Hadda iyo Dheeraad...''']] |} </div> <div class="mp-column"> <div class="mp-box"> <h2 class="mp-heading"> Ma Ogtahay... </h2> {| class="mp-content" |- | |- {{Ma Ogtahay}} [[n:|'''Wararka Wiki''']] – 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{{noexternallanglinks}} [[Category:Bogga Hore]] 52lkytydn8240dxo72geq98c9jz843b 303926 303925 2026-08-02T18:28:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303926 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Bogga Hore/styles.css" /> __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__ <!--Hordhaca--> {{Hordhaca Cusub ee Bogga Hore}} <div class="mp-clear"></div> <!-- Qaybaha Hoose ee Laba Geesoodka ah (Desktop) & Hal Gees (Mobile) --> <div class="mp-container"> <div class="mp-column"> <div class="mp-box"> <h2 class="mp-heading"> Maqaalka Maanta </h2> {| class="mp-content" |- | |- {{Maqaal Xul Ah Bogga Hore}} [[n:|'''Wararka Wiki''']] – [[Portal:Dhacdooyinka Hadda|'''Dhacdooyinka Hadda iyo Dheeraad...''']] |} </div> <div class="mp-box"> <h2 class="mp-heading"> Ma Ogtahay... </h2> {| class="mp-content" |- | |- {{Ma Ogtahay}} [[n:|'''Wararka Wiki''']] – [[Portal:Dhacdooyinka Hadda|'''Dhacdooyinka Hadda iyo Dheeraad...''']] |} </div> </div> <div class="mp-column"> <div class="mp-box"> <h2 class="mp-heading"> Taariikh </h2> {| class="mp-content" |- | |- {{Maqaalka Fiican Bogga Hore}} [[n:|'''Wararka Wiki''']] – [[Portal:Dhacdooyinka Hadda|'''Dhacdooyinka Hadda iyo Dheeraad...''']] |} </div> <div class="mp-box"> <h2 class="mp-heading"> Maalintan </h2> {| class="mp-content" |- | |- {{Maqaalka Cusub Bogga Hore}} [[n:|'''Wararka Wiki''']] – [[Portal:Dhacdooyinka Hadda|'''Dhacdooyinka Hadda iyo Dheeraad...''']] |} </div> </div> </div> <div class="mp-clear"></div> <!-- Sawirka Maanta --> <div class="mp-box"> <h2 class="mp-heading"> [[File:Gnome-emblem-photos.svg|30px]] Sawirka Maanta </h2> {{Sawirka Maanta}} {{Xusuusta Wikipedia}} </div> <div class="mp-clear"></div> {{Qeybaha maqaalada Wikipediaha}} <h2 class="mp-heading"> Mashaariicda Bahwadaagta la ah Wikimedia </h2> {{Wikimedia for portals}} <h2 class="mp-heading"> Luuqadaha kale Wikibidhiya </h2> {{Wikipedialang}} {{noexternallanglinks}} [[Category:Bogga Hore]] 0q8d5kh0815uirdoqipynribdv7zhuz 10 47262 303922 303692 2026-08-02T18:05:14Z Isma4l 41797 303922 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saabsan beeraha iyo sharraxaadaha isticmaalka --> <!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ----------------> | official_name = Ghadames | native_name = {{lang|ar|غدامس}} | nickname = | settlement_type = Magaalo | motto = <!-- Sawirrada iyo khariidadaha -----------> | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Ghadames Mosque.jpg | photo2a = Old_Ghadames_(5282815851).jpg | photo2b = Ghadames - Altstadt mit Palmenhain.jpg | size = 300 | spacing = 2 | color = transparent | border = 0 }} | imagesize = | image_caption = Saacad ahaan ka bilaabmaysa xagga sare: <br> Masaajidka Ghadames, Magaalada Hore, muuqaalka waddada magaalada hore | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Libya<!-- magaca khariidadda goobta sida ku cad http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = hoose | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Libya <!-- Goobta ------------------>| subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{LBY}} | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Tripolitania]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Libya|Degmo]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Nalut District|Nalut]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = <!-- Siyaasadda -----------------> | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | established_title = <!-- La degay --> | established_date = | established_title2 = <!-- Lagu daray (magaalo) --> | established_date2 = | established_title3 = <!-- Lagu daray (magaalo weyn) --> | established_date3 = <!-- Bedka ---------------------> | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Dadweynaha -----------------------> | population_footnotes =<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/flash/flash-25431.html ''Der Spiegel''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065516/http://www.spiegel.de/flash/flash-25431.html |date=6 October 2014 }}, 2011 Aug 23</ref> | population_note = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = Qowmiyado | population_blank1 = | population_blank2_title = Diimo | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Macluumaadka guud ---------------> | timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|30|8|N|9|30|E|region:LY|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Ghadames|title=Wolfram-Alpha: Aqoonta adduunka oo la xisaabin karo|website=www.wolframalpha.com}}</ref> | elevation_m = 589 | elevation_ft = <!-- Xeerarka boostada & kuwa kale --------> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = {{designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Magaalada Hore ee Ghadamès | designation1_date = 1986 | designation1_number =<ref>{{cite web|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/362 |title=Magaalada Hore ee Ghadamès – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=2018-05-26}}</ref> | designation1_criteria = v | designation1_type = Dhaqan | designation1_free1name = Gobol | designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab States|Waddamada Carabta]] | designation1_meaning of name = }} | registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Libya|Koodhka Taarikada Gaadiidka]] | registration_plate = 17 | population_est = 10,000 | pop_est_as_of = 2011 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 10 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }} '''Ghadames''' ama '''Ghadamis''' {{IPAc-en|ɡ|ə|ˈ|d|æ|m|ᵻ|s}} ([[Ghadamès language|Ghadamsi]]: ⵄⴰⴷⴻⵎⴻⵙ / ''Ɛadēməs'' [ʕadeːməs], {{langx|ar|غدامس}}, {{langx|it|Gadames}}) waa magaalo [[oasis|oosis]] ah oo ku taal [[Degmada Nalut]] ee gobolka [[Tripolitania]] ee waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Libya]]. Ghadames, oo loo yaqaan 'luulka saxaraha', waxay ku taallaa oosis. Waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu da'da weyn ee saxaraha ka hor waxayna tusaale u tahay degsiimo dhaqameed. Naqshadeeda guriyeynta waxaa lagu gartaa qaybinta tooska ah ee hawlaha: dabaqa hoose waxaa loo isticmaali jiray in lagu kaydiyo sahayda; dabaqa koowaad waa qoyska, oo dul saaran waddooyin daboolan oo abuura wax ku dhow shabakad dhulka hoostiisa ah; iyo, xagga sare, sagxadaha hawada u furan oo loogu talagalay haweenka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/362/|title=Magaalada Hore ee Ghadamès – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=whc.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref> ==Juqraafi== Ghadames waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|462|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], meel u dhow [[Algeria–Libya border|xuduudaha Algeria]] iyo [[Libya–Tunisia border|Tunisia]]. Ghadames waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Illizi Province]], Algeria iyo [[Tataouine Governorate]], Tunisia. Oosis-ku wuxuu leeyahay dad tiradoodu kor u dhaafayso 10,000, badidooduna waa [[Berber people|Berber]]. Qaybta hore ee magaalada, oo ay ku wareegsan tahay [[city wall|darbi magaalada]], waxaa lagu dhawaaqay goob [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage|Dhaxalgal ah]]. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah toddobada qabiil ee ku noolaan jiray qaybtan magaalada waxay lahayd degmo u gaar ah, oo mid kasta ay lahayd goob dadweyne oo loogu dabaaldegi karo xafladaha. ==Cimilada== Ghadames waxay leedahay [[hot desert climate|cimilada saxaraha kulul]] ([[Köppen climate classification|kala soocida cimilada Köppen]] ''BWh'') oo leh xagaa kulul maadaama celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya uu yahay ku dhawaad 41°C (105.8°F) bisha Luulyo, oo ah bisha ugu kulul sanadka, iyo sidoo kale jiilaal qabow (oo leh isbeddel heerkul maalmeed sare). Magaaladu waxay heshaa roob yar sanadka oo dhan maadaama celceliska roobka sanadlaha ah uu yahay kaliya 73.1 mm (1.30 in). {{Weather box |width = 30 |location= Ghadames (1991–2020, heerkulka ugu sarreeya iyo kan hoose 1913–2020) |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 29.0 |Jan record low C = -2.0 |Feb record high C = 37.5 |Feb record low C = -3.0 |Mar record high C = 38.8 |Mar record low C = 1.5 |Apr record high C = 44.0 |Apr record low C = 3.4 |May record high C = 45.3 |May record low C = 9.8 |Jun record high C = 47.0 |Jun record low C = 14.4 |Jul record high C = 48.0 |Jul record low C = 17.0 |Aug record high C = 47.5 |Aug record low C = 16.7 |Sep record high C = 45.0 |Sep record low C = 11.5 |Oct record high C = 43.3 |Oct record low C = 7.5 |Nov record high C = 38.0 |Nov record low C = -1.0 |Dec record high C = 33.0 |Dec record low C = -2.5 |year record high C = |year record low C = | Jan high C = 18.2 | Feb high C = 20.7 | Mar high C = 25.3 | Apr high C = 30.5 | May high C = 35.7 | Jun high C = 39.7 | Jul high C = 41.5 | Aug high C = 40.8 | Sep high C = 37.7 | Oct high C = 32.1 | Nov high C = 24.4 | Dec high C = 19.0 | year high C = 30.5 | Jan mean C = 11.4 | Feb mean C = 13.7 | Mar mean C = 18.1 | Apr mean C = 22.9 | May mean C = 27.9 | Jun mean C = 31.7 | Jul mean C = 33.4 | Aug mean C = 32.9 | Sep mean C = 30.3 | Oct mean C = 24.9 | Nov mean C = 17.5 | Dec mean C = 12.5 | year mean C = 23.1 | Jan low C = 4.6 | Feb low C = 6.7 | Mar low C = 10.9 | Apr low C = 15.4 | May low C = 20.2 | Jun low C = 23.7 | Jul low C = 25.2 | Aug low C = 25.0 | Sep low C = 22.9 | Oct low C = 17.7 | Nov low C = 10.6 | Dec low C = 5.9 | year low C = 15.7 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 4.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 5.2 | Mar precipitation mm = 5.3 | Apr precipitation mm = 2.4 | May precipitation mm = 1.8 | Jun precipitation mm = 0.5 | Jul precipitation mm = 0.0 | Aug precipitation mm = 0.2 | Sep precipitation mm = 2.9 | Oct precipitation mm = 3.0 | Nov precipitation mm = 3.2 | Dec precipitation mm = 4.8 | year precipitation mm = 34.2 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 0.8 | Feb precipitation days = 0.8 | Mar precipitation days = 0.8 | Apr precipitation days = 0.5 | May precipitation days = 0.4 | Jun precipitation days = 0.0 | Jul precipitation days = 0.0 | Aug precipitation days = 0.0 | Sep precipitation days = 0.4 | Oct precipitation days = 0.6 | Nov precipitation days = 0.7 | Dec precipitation days = 0.9 | year precipitation days = 5.9 |Jan humidity = 52 |Feb humidity = 41 |Mar humidity = 36 |Apr humidity = 28 |May humidity = 26 |Jun humidity = 22 |Jul humidity = 22 |Aug humidity = 23 |Sep humidity = 29 |Oct humidity = 35 |Nov humidity = 47 |Dec humidity = 53 |year humidity = 34 |Jan sun = 248.0 |Feb sun = 240.1 |Mar sun = 257.3 |Apr sun = 273.0 |May sun = 313.1 |Jun sun = 309.0 |Jul sun = 372.0 |Aug sun = 353.4 |Sep sun = 273.0 |Oct sun = 263.5 |Nov sun = 246.0 |Dec sun = 232.5 |year sun = |Jand sun = 8.0 |Febd sun = 8.5 |Mard sun = 8.3 |Aprd sun = 9.1 |Mayd sun = 10.1 |Jund sun = 10.3 |Juld sun = 12.0 |Augd sun = 11.4 |Sepd sun = 9.1 |Octd sun = 8.5 |Novd sun = 8.2 |Decd sun = 7.5 |yeard sun = 9.3 |source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Libya/CSV/GHADAMES_62103.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Jalo |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = June 13, 2024}}</ref> |source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (heerkulka ugu sarreeya/hoose iyo qoyaanka),<ref name = DWD> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_621030_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Ghadames / Libyen | work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = 27 March 2016}}</ref> Arab Meteorology Book (qorraxda kaliya)<ref name=climate>{{cite web | url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data | publisher = Springer | access-date = 27 March 2016 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} ==Taariikhda== ===Xilliyadii hore=== [[File:Libya 4432 Ghadames Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|thumb|Guryaha Ghadames waxay ka samaysan yihiin dhoobo, lime, iyo jirridda geedaha timirta oo leh waddooyin daboolan oo u dhexeeya si ay u bixiyaan hoy wanaagsan oo ka dhan ah kulaylka xagaaga.]] Waxaa la soo jeediyay, oo ku salaysan caddaymo qadiimi ah, in aaggan la degganaa tan iyo 4-tii kun ee sano ee B.C., waana mid ka mid ah degsiimooyinka ugu da'da weyn saxaraha ka hor. Xaaladdeeda oo u dhow il biyo ah oo ku taal bartamaha saxaraha ayaa ka dhigtay meel muhiim ah qof kasta oo doonaya inuu dejiyo aagga. Diiwaannada ugu horreeya ee qoran ee ku saabsan Ghadames waxay soo bilaabmaan xilligii Roomaanka markii degsiimada loo yaqaanay '''Cydamus''', taas oo Ghadames casriga ah ay ka soo jeeddo magaceeda. Qarnigii 1-aad ee BC, Roomaankii [[proconsul|proconsul]] [[Lucius Cornelius Balbus (minor)|Lucius Cornelius Balbus]] ayaa duullaan ku qaaday Cydamus xilligii boqortooyada [[Augustus]].<ref name=temehughadames>{{cite web |url=http://www.temehu.com/Cities_sites/Ghadames.htm |title=Ghadames (Ghudamis), Cydamus: Luulka Saxaraha Liibiya |publisher=Temehu}}</ref> Ciidan Roomaan ah oo joogto ah ayaa la aasaasay xilligii boqortooyada [[Septimius Severus]], waxaana laga yaabaa in boqorku uu booqday degsiimada ku dhow AD 202.<ref>Birley, Anthony R. ''Septimius Severus: Boqorka Afrika''. London: Routledge. (2000) [1971]. pg 147.</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Roomaanku waxay ka baxeen aagga dhowr sano ka dib intii lagu jiray [[Crisis of the Third Century|Dhibaatadii Qarnigii Saddexaad]]. Qarnigii 6-aad, baadari ayaa ku noolaa oosis-ka, ka dib markii dadweynaha loo beddelay Masiixiyadda by [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] wadaaddo. Waxay noqotay qalcad u ah [[Donatism|Donatist]] bidco ilaa [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb|qabsashadii Carabta Muslimiinta]]. Dhamaadkii qarnigii 7-aad, Ghadames waxaa xukumayay Carabta Muslimiinta. Dadweynuhu waxay si dhakhso ah ugu beddeleen [[Islam|Islaamka]] Ghadames waxayna ka ciyaareen door muhiim ah saldhig ahaan [[Trans-Saharan trade|ganacsiga Saxaraha ka gudba]] ilaa qarnigii 19-aad. Qarnigii 12-aad ee juqraafi [[Abu Hamid al-Gharnati]] wuxuu ku daray Ghadamis waddamada [[Sudan (region)|Suudaan]] (i.e., waddamada dadka madow), saadaal uu Saad u arko mid suurtagal ah, maadaama Ghadamis had iyo jeer lahayd degganayaal u matalaya [[Timbuktu]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Saad | first=Elias N. | year=1983 | title=Taariikhda Bulshada ee Timbuktu: Doorka Aqoonyahanada Muslimiinta iyo kuwa caanka ah 1400–1900 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | page= 8-9 | isbn=0-521-24603-2}}</ref> Ghadamis waxay ahayd magaalo muhiim ah oo ku taal [[trans-Saharan slave trade|ganacsiga addoonta ee Saxaraha ka gudba]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ganacsiga addoonta ee Saxaraha ka gudba - tilmaamo ka yimid falanqaynta interpolation iyo sifo-u-qaabaynta heerkul-sare ee khadadka mitochondrial DNA (Harich et al. 2010) |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-138 |pmid=20459715 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="McLachlan">K. S. McLachlan, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/622157 "Tripoli iyo Tripolitania: Isku dhaca iyo Midnimada muddadii ay jireen Barbary Corsairs (1551–1850)"], ''Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers'', Taxanaha Cusub, Vol. 3, No. 3, Degsiimada iyo Isku dhaca dunida Mediterranean-ka. (1978), pp. 285-294.</ref> ===Magaca=== Magaca Ghadames wuxuu aad ugu xiran yahay taariikhdeeda. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in magaca Ghadames uu asal ahaan ku xiran yahay magaca qabiilka hore ee [[Berber people|Berber]] ee [[Tidamensi]], qabiil ka yimid [[Fezzan]]. Waxa kale oo la rumeysan yahay in magaca Tidamensi ay musuqmaasuqeen Roomaankii soo duulay si ay u sameeyaan magaca Cydamus, kaas oo markii dambe u banneeyay magaca Ghadames.<ref name=temehughadames /> ===1900s–maanta=== Oktoobar 1911, wax yar ka dib markii [[Italo-Turkish War|Dagaalkii Talyaani-Turki]] uu dillaacay, Ghadames waxaa qabsaday askar Talyaani ah oo ka soo socdaalay [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xakamaynta Talyaaniga ee magaalada ayaa la hakiyay dhowr jeer ilaa Juun 1915, markii kacdoon guud oo ka dhacay Liibiya uu sababay in ciidamada Talyaaniga ay ka baxaan Ghadames ilaa qalcadda Tripoli. Xakamaynta wax ku oolka ah ee magaalada ayaa dib loo soo celiyay Diseembar 1918, laakiin kacdoon ka dhacay [[Fezzan]] ayaa ka dhigay Ghadames xaalad degdeg ah ilaa 1923. 1943, ciidamada Faransiiska ee Xorta ah ayaa qabsaday Ghadames iyo aaggeeda ku hareeraysan qaybta koonfureed ee gumeystihii hore ee Talyaaniga ee [[Libya]], iyagoo samaynaya [[Fezzan-Ghadames (French Administration)|Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames]] ilaa madax-bannaanida Liibiya 1951. Ghadames waxaa laga dhigay caasimadda dhulka muddadaas. 1970-meeyadii, dawladdu waxay dhistay guryo cusub oo ka baxsan qaybta hore ee magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan oo deggan ayaa ku soo laabta qaybta hore ee magaalada inta lagu jiro xagaaga, maadaama naqshadeedu ay bixiso ilaalin wanaagsan oo ka dhan ah kulaylka. Waqtigaas oo kale, agaasime [[Moustapha Akkad]] wuxuu doortay Ghadames inuu yahay goob filim loogu talagalay muuqaallada gudaha ee magaalada [[Medina, Saudi Arabia|Medina]] gudaha ''[[The Message (1976 film)|The Message]]'', filim riwaayad Islaami ah oo epic ah. Intii lagu jiray [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liibiya]], ciidamada [[National Transitional Council|Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka Qaranka]] ayaa galay magaalada 30-kii Agoosto 2011, kuwaas oo ay go'doomiyeen ciidamada NTC tan iyo bilowgii khilaafka. Ilaa 2011, magaaladu waxay ahayd gacanta ciidamo Tuareg ah oo madax bannaan.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/24/libya-forgotten-south Liibiya: ka waran koonfurta?] [[The Guardian]], 24 Agoosto 2011</ref> Ka dib markii ay qabsadeen [[Libyan National Army|Ciidanka Qaranka Liibiya]], dhammaan bulshada Tuareg waxaa lagu qasbay inay cararaan fal [[ethnic cleansing|nadiifinta qowmiyadda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2012/05/continuous-attacks-against-them.html |title=Tuaregs Liibiya oo u cararaya Algeria iyadoo ay jiraan warar sheegaya nadiifinta qowmiyadda |access-date=2017-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072443/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2012/05/continuous-attacks-against-them.html |archive-date=2017-10-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-14948319|title=Tuareg-ta Liibiya ayaa wajahaya aargudasho|first=Justin|last=Marozzi|work=BBC News |date=18 Sebtembar 2011}}</ref> == Magaalada Hore ee Ghadames == {{Expand section|date=March 2011}} Magaalada hore, oo la diiwaangeliyay 1986 sidii [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage|Dhaxalgal ah]], waxaa laga qaaday dadkeedii degganaa dhammaadkii 1990-meeyadii, taas oo ka dhigtay dhismayaashii hore inay khatar ugu jiraan inay dumaan iyadoo ay sabab u tahay dayactir la'aan.<ref>Wargeyska Dhaxalgalka Adduunka, No.9, Diseembar 1995.</ref> Waxaa lagu daray [[List of World Heritage in Danger|Liiska Dhaxalgalka Adduunka ee Khatarta ku jira]] ilaa 2016 oo ay weheliyaan afar goobood oo kale oo ku yaal Liibiya, sababtoo ah burburka ay sababeen [[Libyan Civil War (2011–present)|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liibiya]] oo saameeyay dalka iyo khatarta burbur dheeraad ah oo ay keento.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1523/|title=Shan goobood oo Dhaxalgal ah oo Liibiya ka mid ah ayaa lagu daray Liiska Dhaxalgalka Adduunka ee Khatarta ku jira|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> ===Gallery=== <gallery> Image:Libya Ghadames Old Town Inside of small dwelling.JPG|Muuqaalka gudaha ee guri yar Image:Libya Ghadames Old Town Spring Water Pool.JPG|Barkadda Biyaha Guga ee Magaalada Hore Image:Libya Ghadames Old Town Wall Entrance.JPG|Iridda Darbiga Magaalada Hore Image:Libya Ghadames Old Town Fruit Trees.JPG|Geedaha Midhaha ee Magaalada Hore Image:بيوت غدامس القديمة من الأعلى.jpg|Sawir hawada sare laga qaaday oo magaalada hore ah. </gallery> {{wide image|Ghadames Panorama April 2004.jpg|1200px|align-cap=center|Muuqaalka saqafyada magaalada hore ee Ghadames}} {{clear}} ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Ghadames Museum]] * [[Ghadames Airport]] * [[List of cities in Libya|Liiska magaalooyinka Liibiya]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Akhris dheeraad ah== * {{cite book |title=En Tripolitaine: Socdaalka Ghadames |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/rsentripolitaine00bernuoft#page/128/mode/2up |chapter=Ghadames |publisher = Fontemoing |publication-place = Paris |author = Edmond Bernet |publication-date = 1912 |language=fr }} * [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00128855/document Lafi (Nora) "Ghadamès cité-oasis entre empire ottoman et colonisation"]" in Federico Cresti (ed.), ''La Libia tra Mediterraneo e mondo islamico'', Giuffrè, pp.&nbsp;55–70, 2006 ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Ghadames}} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/LY/56/Ghadamis.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.: "Ghadamis, Liibiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/LY/56/Ghadamis.html |date=20180427121612 }} * Azzouz, Intisar (1980) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060226194550/http://archnet.org/library/pubdownloader/pdf/2722/doc/DPC0125.pdf "Ghadames, Liibiya"] ''In'' Safran, Linda (ed) (1980) ''Goobaha Isugu imaatinka Dadweynaha ee Islaamka: dacwadaha siminaarka shanaad ee taxanaha isbeddellada dhismaha ee dunida Islaamka, oo lagu qabtay Amman, Jordan, 4–7 May'' Aga Khan Award for Architecture, Philadelphia, {{OCLC|7208199}}; sawirrada Ghadames. {{Authority control}} fo3nqbyycpiocnv0lctvymsn3x8hnu9 0 48624 303950 303311 2026-08-03T06:44:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tano<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh webiga Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' ama '''Webiga Tanoé''' ([[French language|Af-Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Tano'') waa [[webi]] ku yaal [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa 400 [[Kilometre|kiiloomitir]] laga bilaabo magaalo la yiraahdo Traa, oo ah xaafad ka tirsan [[Techiman]], oo ah caasimadda [[Bono East Region|Gobolka Bono East]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Ghana ilaa [[Aby Lagoon|Ehy Lagoon]], [[Tendo Lagoon]] iyo ugu dambeyntii Aby Lagoon ee [[Ivory Coast]] halkaas oo uu ka galo [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Webiga Tano wuxuu sameeyaa dhowr kiiloomitir oo ugu dambeeya xadka [[Ghana–Ivory Coast border|dhulka caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Tano Basin |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ |publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> [[Traditional religion|Caqiidooyinka maxalliga ah]] ee [[Bono people|dadka Bono]] ayaa aaminsan in Taakora, oo ah ilaaha ugu sarreeya ilaahyada Bono ee Dunida, uu ku nool yahay isha webiga.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] ''patachu.com''.</ref> Dadkii ugu dambeeyay ee ka mid ah [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), oo ah mid ka mid ah [[primate|xayawaanka]] ugu halista badan dunida, ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ku nool yihiin kaynta u dhaxaysa webiga iyo Ehy Lagoon.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Ilaa badhtamihii [[2008]], aaggan waxaa loo qorsheeyay [[logging|in la gooyo]] kayntiisa ay shirkadda [[Unilever]], iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo [[oil palm|timirta saliidda]] [[plantation|beeraha]].<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Bishii [[January]] ee [[2020]], baabuur xamuul ah oo waday [[sulfuric acid]] ayaa ku dhacay webiga Tano. 13-kii Janaayo dadka ayaa lagula taliyay inaysan cabin biyaha sababtoo ah wasakhowga. Webiga tan iyo markaas waxaa loo soo celiyay xaaladdiisa dabiiciga ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Bulaacada iyo Biyaha == Webiga Tano waa marin-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Bulaacada Tano, oo ah mid ka mid ah afarta bulaacadood ee waaweyn ee koonfur-galbeed Ghana, oo ay weheliyaan bulaacadaha Ankobra, Bia, iyo Pra. Bulaacadu waxay daboolaysaa qiyaastii 16,060 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, taas oo qiyaastii 92.6% ay ku taal gudaha Ghana iyo 7.4% ay u gudubto Ivory Coast.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=TANO BASIN |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/tano/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2026-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416143904/https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/tano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bulaacadu waxay ku fidsan tahay inta u dhaxaysa loolka ''5°00′ N'' iyo ''7°40′ N'' iyo dhigaha 1°48′ W iyo ''3°05′ W''. Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn ee Webiga Tano waxaa ka mid ah ''Boin'', ''Disue'', ''Amama'', ''Abu'', ''Gaw'', ''Suraw'', ''Samre'', ''Totua'', iyo ''webiyada Disri''.<ref name=":1" /> Bulaacada Tano waxay taageertaa [[agriculture|beeraha]], [[forestry|kaymaha]], [[mining|macdanta]], iyo sahayda biyaha guriga ee koonfur-galbeed Ghana iyo koonfur-bari Ivory Coast. Nidaamka webigu wuxuu bullaacaa gobol qani ku ah khayraadka macdanta, oo ay ku jiraan dahabka iyo kaydka bauxite.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tano River {{!}} Ghana, Ivory Coast & Burkina Faso {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tano-River |access-date=2026-06-16 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Deegaanka iyo Kala duwanaanshaha == Webiga Tano iyo qoyan-dhuleedyada la xiriira waxay taageeraan nidaamyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, gaar ahaan bulaacada hoose ee ku wareegsan kaymaha Tanoé-Ehy iyo [[Aby Lagoon complex|nidaamka Aby Lagoon]]. [[Habitat|Goobahan]] waxay ka kooban yihiin [[biodiversity|kala duwanaansho noole]] muhiim ah waxayna bixiyaan xiriir deegaan oo u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Koffi |first=Alexandre Tano Kan |date=2025-07-21 |title=Comprehensive Analysis of the Tano River and Its Basin |url=https://tanoriver.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-tano-river-and-its-basin/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=The Tano River |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260616183942/https://tanoriver.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-tano-river-and-its-basin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bulaacadu waxay sidoo kale taageertaa noocyo badan oo kalluun ah, shimbiraha qoyan-dhuleedka, iyo nidaamyada deegaanka kaynta kuleylaha kuwaas oo si sii kordheysa loogu hanjabay xaalufinta kaymaha, ballaarinta beeraha, iyo hawlaha macdanta sharci darrada ah.<ref name=":2" /> == Caqabadaha Deegaanka == Bulaacada Webiga Tano waxay wajahaysaa cadaadis [[environmental|deegaan]] oo kordhaya oo ka imanaya [[deforestation|xaalufinta kaymaha]], [[pollution|wasakhowga]], '''''macdan qodista sharci darrada ah''''' (oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''[[galamsey]]''), iyo [[agricultural expansion|ballaarinta beeraha]]. Hawlahani waxay gacan ka geystaan hoos u dhaca tayada biyaha, sedimentation, iyo luminta deegaanka.<ref name=":2" /> Iskaashiga xuduudaha ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo [[Ivory Coast|Côte d’Ivoire]] ayaa si sii kordheysa muhiim u ah si loo hubiyo maaraynta waarta ee khayraadka biyaha iyo [[Ecosystem|nidaamyada deegaanka]] ee webiga.<ref name=":1" /> == Qoraallada == {{Reflist}} == Tixraac == {{Commons}} * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24. h5xgu5t62l5wzq6qgn641dr3lkjcxh8 0 48805 303949 301402 2026-08-03T06:21:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kwilu | image = Crossing kwilu river.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = May, 2003 - Tuulo-degganayaal ka gudbaya webiga Kwilu | map = Kasai River Catchment OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_alt = | map_caption = Webiga Kwilu oo ku yaal biyo-qabashada Kasai (dhexda) | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-3.385251|17.384491|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Angola]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]}} | location = | length = {{convert|965|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Webiga Kasaï]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Kwilu''' ([[Af-Bortuqiis|Bortuqiis]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Af-Nederland|Nederland]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') waa wabi weyn oo ku yaal labada [[Gobolka Lunda Norte]] iyo [[Gobolka Lunda Sul]] ee [[Angola]] iyo sidoo kale [[Gobolka Kwilu]], oo hore loogu yaqaanay gobolka Bandundu, ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]] (DRC) ilaa magaalada [[Bandundu (magaalo)|Bandundu]], halkaas oo uu ku biiro [[Webiga Kwango]] wax yar ka hor inta aanu durdurkani gelin [[Webiga Kasai]]. Gudaha DRC webigu wuxuu maraa magaalooyinka [[Gungu]], [[Kikwit]], [[Bulungu (gobolka Bandundu)|Bulungu]], [[Bagata, Bandundu|Bagata]], Rutherfordia iyo Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} [[Lusanga, Kwilu|Lusanga]], oo hore u ahaan jirtay Leverville, waxay ku taal meesha uu [[Webiga Kwenge]] ku biiro Kwilu, ee u dhaxaysa Kikwit iyo Bulungu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf |title=M'Bwa na Basenji |author=C.J. Warrington |work=The Basenji |date=May 1972 |access-date=2012-02-02 |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228034228/http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Astaamaha == Waa wabi [[meander|leexleexda]]. Meel u dhow afkiisa wuxuu leeyahay ballac dhan 950 mitir. [[Maaddada sariirta|Maaddada wabiga]] waa [[ciid]].<ref name="hani">{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}</ref> Webigu waa qiyaastii {{convert|965|km}} oo dherer ah. Xilliga roobka, aagga fatahaaddu wuxuu daboolaa {{convert|1550|km2}}. Isha wabigu waxay ka kacdaa meelaha jooggoodu u dhexeeyo {{convert|1000|m|ft}} iyo {{convert|1800|m|ft}} ee buuraleyda Angola. Waxay si xoog leh ugu dhacaan [[Biyo-qabashada Kongo|Biyo-qabashada Kongo]] ee fidsan oo jooggeedu u dhexeeyo {{convert|500|m|ft}} iyo {{convert|300|m|ft}} ka sarreeya heerka badda. Sahamin la sameeyay sannadkii 2011 ayaa lagu helay 113 nooc oo kalluun ah oo ka tirsan 21 qoys iyo siddeed ammar.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}} <gallery widths="250px" heights="180px"> File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Dhinaca webiga ee [[Bandundu (magaalo)|Bandundu]], Juun 2007 File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Webiga oo ku yaal [[Bandundu (magaalo)|Bandundu]], Juun 2007 </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist |colwidth=30em}} == Isha == {{Refbegin}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=Oktoobar 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22}} *{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}} {{Refend}} rwwqo9xtck4r6h64sz5muf4vu0ssc2a 0 48806 303948 301406 2026-08-03T06:21:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303948 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Kwenge oo ku yaal biyo-qabashada Kasai (dhexda bidix)]] '''Webiga Kwenge''' ([[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Bandundu]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]. Webigu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa [[Angola]] ka dibna qiyaastii {{convert|6|km}} wuxuu sameeyaa qayb gaaban oo ka mid ah [[xadka Angola–Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo|xadka Angola–DRC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi laga bilaabo xadka Angola isagoo maraya degmooyinka [[Degmada Kwango|Kwango]] iyo [[Degmada Kwilu|Kwilu]], wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Webiga Kwilu]] meel ka hooseysa [[Kikwit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo |last=Blaes |first=X. |date=Oktoobar 2008 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD }}</ref> [[Lusanga, Kwilu|Lusanga]], oo hore u ahaan jirtay Leverville, waxay ku taal is-goyska wabiyada Kwenge iyo Kwilu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf |title=M'Bwa na Basenji |author=C.J. Warrington |work=The Basenji |date=May 1972 |access-date=2012-02-02 |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228034228/http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dhulka u dhexeeya Kwilu iyo Kwenge waxaa markii ugu horreysay degay [[Dadka Pende|Pende]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/ |title = Tribal Treasures |date = Ogosto 25, 2011 |publisher = Zemanek-Münster |access-date = 2012-02-02 }}</ref> [[Dadka Suku|Suku]], oo gobolka u yimid dooxada [[Webiga Kwango]] qarnigii 1800-aad, waxay ku nool yihiin gobolka bannaanka ee u dhexeeya wabiyada sare ee Bakali iyo Kwenge.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&pg=PA83 |page=83 |title=The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity |author=Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-32985-X}}</ref> Qaybta ugu hooseysa ee dooxada wabiga waxaa ku jira xariijimo dhul si joogto ah ama marmar fatahaaddu saamayn ku yeelato.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA531 |page=531 |title=A directory of African wetlands |author=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} sfb4xul72qbp17wl7qt1odid54g2ake 0 49823 303947 303677 2026-08-03T06:02:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afrikada Faransiiska''' waxaa ku jira dhammaan dhulalkii taariikhiga ahaa ee uu Faransiisku ku lahaa qaaradda Afrika. [[File:Colonization 1945 Spanish script.png|thumb|right|400px|Map showing French colonies, protectorates and mandates (in blue) in Africa in 1945; namely French Equatorial Africa, French North Africa, French Somaliland, Fezzan-Ghadames Military Territory iyo French West Africa. Along with former Belgian colonies (shown in light blue), these areas today make up the bulk of francophone Africa. ]] ==Meeleaha uu Faransiisku ku lahaa Afrika== [[Image:Map of Africa (2674833839).jpg|thumb|right|Map of French colonies in Africa (in green), {{Circa|1922}}]] {{Further|Françafrique|Scramble for Africa}} ===Afrikada Waqooyi ee Faransiiska=== {{main|French North Africa}} * Masar (1798–1801) * Aljeeriya (1830–1962) * Tunisiya (1881–1956) * Marooko (1912–1956) * Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) ===Afrikada Galbeed ee Faransiiska=== {{main|French West Africa}} * Xeebta foolmaroodiga (1843–1960) * Doxomeey ama Doxomeeyda Faransiiska (hadda Biniin) (1883–1960) ** Madax-bannaanida Doxomeey, iyadoo hoostegaysa ilaalinta Faransiiska 1889 ** Porto-Novo (ilaalin) (1863–1865, 1882) ** Cotonou (ilaalin) (1868) * Suudaanta Faransiiska (hadda Maali) (1883–1960) ** Senegambiya iyo Nayjar (1902–1904) ** Senegambiya iyo Nayjar (1902–1904) * Gini ama Giniyada Faransiiska (1891–1958) * Muritaaniya (1902–1900) ** Imaraadki Adrar (ilaalin) (1909) ** Imaraadki konfederashanka Taganit (ilaalin) (1905) ** Imaraadki Brakna (ilaalin) ** Imaraadki Trarza (ilaalin) (1902) * Nayjar (1890–1960) ** Suldaanadii Damagaram (Zinder) (ilaalin) (1899) * Sinigaal (1677–1960) * Volta Sare ee Faransiiska (hadda Burkiina Faaso) (1896–1960) * Togolandda Faransiiska (1918–1960) (oo hore u ahayd gumaysi Jarmal, maamulkii Isbahaysiga Quruumaha ee u guntaday Faransiiska) (hadda Togo) * Nayjeeriya ** Dhulalka Forcados iyo Badjibo (dhul kireysnaa 30 sano) (1900–1927) ** Imaraadki Muri (Waqooyi-bari ee Nayjeeriya) (1892–1893) * Gambiya ** Albreda (1681–1857) ** Jasiirada Kunta Kinteh (1695–1697, 1702) ===Afrikada Dhexe ee Faransiiska=== {{main|French Equatorial Africa}} * Tjaad (1900–1960) * Oubangui-Chari (hadda Jamhuuriyadda Afrika Dhexe) (1905–1960) ** Dar al Kuti (ilaalin) (1897) (1912 suldaanaddeedii waxaa baabi'iyay Faransiiska) ** Suldaanadii Bangassou (ilaalin) (1894) * Jamhuuriyadda Kongada Maanta, xilligaas Kongo tii Faransiiska (1875–1960) * Gabon (1839–1960) * Kaameruunta Faransiiska (91% ka mid ah Kaameruunta maanta) (1918–1960) (oo hore u ahayd gumaysi Jarmal, Maamul-wadaag, Ilaalin ka dibna Gumaysi Faransiis) * São Tomé iyo Príncipe (1709) ===Afrikada Bari iyo Badweynta Hindiya=== * Madagaskar (1896–1960) ** Boqortooyadii Imerina (ilaalin) (1896) * Isle de France (1715–1810) (hadda Mawrishiyas) * Jabuuti (Dhulka Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska) (Dhulka Faransiiska ee Afarta iyo Ciise) (Soomaalilaanta Faransiiska) (1862–1977) * Masartii Faransiiska (1798–1801, 1858–1882, 1956) * Mayotte (1841–hadda) * Seyshelles (1756–1810) * Jasiiradaha Chagos (1721–1745, 1768–1814) * Jasiiradaha Kala Fidsan (Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Jasiiradda Europa, Jasiiradda Juan de Nova, Jasiiradaha Glorioso, Jasiiradda Tromelin) * Komoros (1866–1975) * Réunion (1710–hadda) ==Eeg sidoo kale== * Gumaysigii Faransiiska * Taariikhda Afrika * Dhulalka Dibadda ee Faransiiska * Qaybsashadii Afrika ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Akwro dheeraad ah== * Langley, Michael. "Bizerta to the Bight: The French in Africa." ''History Today.'' (Oct 1972), pp 733–739. covers 1798 to 1900. * Hutton, Patrick H. ed. ''Historical Dictionary of the Third French Republic, 1870–1940'' (2 vol 1986) * Northcutt, Wayne, ed. ''Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946– 1991'' (1992) * Singh, Gurjit. "France in Africa: Trying a youthful look, Gateway House, 21 October 2021" [https://www.gatewayhouse.in/france-africa-youthful-look/ online]; Available at SSRN ===Siyasadda iyo Gumaysiga=== * Aldrich, Robert. ''Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion'' (1996) * Baumgart, Winfried. ''Imperialism: The Idea and Reality of British and French Colonial Expansion, 1880–1914'' (1982) * Betts, Raymond. ''Tricouleur: The French Overseas Empire'' (1978), 174pp * Betts, Raymond. ''Assimilation and Association in French Colonial Theory, 1890–1914'' (2005) [https://www.amazon.com/Assimilation-Association-French-Colonial-1890-1914/dp/0803262477/ excerpt and text search] * {{cite book|author=Chafer, Tony |title=The End of Empire in French West Africa: France's Successful Decolonization?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9GseKljgaW0C|year=2002|publisher=Berg|isbn=9781859735572}} * Clayton, Anthony. ''The Wars of French Decolonization'' (1995) * Cogneau, Denis, et al. "Taxation in Africa from Colonial Times to Present Evidence from former French colonies 1900-2018." (2021): [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03420664/document online] * Conklin, Alice L. ''A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895–1930'' (1997) [https://www.questia.com/library/65667984/a-mission-to-civilize-the-republican-idea-of-empire online] * Evans, Martin. "From colonialism to post-colonialism: the French empire since Napoleon." in Martin S. Alexander, ed., ''French History since Napoleon'' (1999) pp: 391–415. * Gamble, Harry. ''Contesting French West Africa: Battles over Schools and the Colonial Order, 1900–1950'' (U of Nebraska Press, 2017). 378 pp. [https://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.php?id=53876 online review] * Jennings, Eric T. ''Imperial Heights: Dalat and the Making and Undoing of French Indochina'' (2010). * Lawrence, Adria. ''Imperial rule and the politics of nationalism: anti-colonial protest in the French empire'' (Cambridge UP, 2013). * {{cite journal |first1=C. W. |last1=Newbury |first2=A. S. |last2=Kanya-Forstner |title=French Policy and the Origins of the Scramble for West Africa |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=10 |issue=2 |year=1969 |pages=253–276 |jstor=179514 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700009518 |s2cid=162656377 }}. * Klein, Martin A. ''Slavery and colonial rule in French West Africa'' (Cambridge University Press, 1998) * Manning, Patrick. ''Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880-1995'' (Cambridge UP, 1998). * Neres, Philip. ''French-speaking West Africa: From Colonial Status to Independence'' (1962) * Priestley, Herbert Ingram. ''France overseas: a study of modern imperialism'' (1938) 464pp. * Quinn, Frederick. ''The French Overseas Empire'' (2000) * {{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Pakenham |title=The Scramble for Africa, 1876–1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/scrambleforafric00pake |url-access=registration |year=1991 |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-51576-2}}. * Poddar, Prem, and Lars Jensen, eds., ''A historical companion to postcolonial literatures: Continental Europe and Its Empires'' (Edinburgh UP, 2008), [https://www.amazon.com/Historical-Companion-Postcolonial-Literatures-Continental/dp/0748623949/ excerpt] also [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1g0b6vw entire text online] * {{cite book | last=Petringa | first=Maria | title=Brazzà, a life for Africa | publisher=AuthorHouse | publication-place=Bloomington, IN | date=2006 | isbn=1-4259-1198-6 | oclc=74651678}} * Priestley, Herbert Ingram. (1938) ''France overseas;: A study of modern imperialism'' 463pp; encyclopedic coverage as of late 1930s * Roberts, Stephen H. ''History of French Colonial Policy (1870-1925)'' (2 vol 1929) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84402 vol 1 online] also [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.89866 vol 2 online]; Comprehensive scholarly history * {{cite book |first=Spencer |last=Segalla |title=The Moroccan Soul: French Education, Colonial Ethnology, and Muslim Resistance, 1912–1956|year=2009 |location=Lincoln|publisher=Nebraska UP|isbn=978-0-8032-1778-2}}. * Strother, Christian. "Waging War on Mosquitoes: Scientific Research and the Formation of Mosquito Brigades in French West Africa, 1899–1920." ''Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences'' (2016): jrw005. * Thomas, Martin. ''The French Empire Between the Wars: Imperialism, Politics and Society'' (2007) covers 1919–1939 * Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. ''French West Africa'' (Stanford UP, 1958). * Wesseling, H.L. and Arnold J. Pomerans. ''Divide and rule: The partition of Africa, 1880–1914'' (Praeger, 1996.) * Wesseling, H.L. ''The European Colonial Empires: 1815–1919'' (Routledge, 2015). ===Xorriyad-siinta=== * Betts, Raymond F. ''Decolonization'' (2nd ed. 2004) * Betts, Raymond F. ''France and Decolonisation, 1900–1960'' (1991) * Chafer, Tony. ''The end of empire in French West Africa: France's successful decolonization'' (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002). * Chamberlain, Muriel E. ed. ''Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century'' (Routledge, 2014) * Clayton, Anthony. ''The wars of French decolonization'' (Routledge, 2014). * Cooper, Frederick. "French Africa, 1947–48: Reform, Violence, and Uncertainty in a Colonial Situation." ''Critical Inquiry'' (2014) 40#4 pp: 466–478. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/676416 in JSTOR] * Ikeda, Ryo. ''The Imperialism of French Decolonisation: French Policy and the Anglo-American Response in Tunisia and Morocco'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) * Jansen, Jan C. & Jürgen Osterhammel. ''Decolonization: A Short History'' (Princeton UP, 2017). [https://press.princeton.edu/titles/10963.html online] * Jones, Max, et al. "Decolonising imperial heroes: Britain and France." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 42#5 (2014): 787–825. * Lawrence, Adria K. ''Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire'' (Cambridge UP, 2013) [https://issforum.org/roundtables/7-18-imperial-rule-nationalism online reviews] * McDougall, James. "The Impossible Republic: The Reconquest of Algeria and the Decolonization of France, 1945–1962," ''The Journal of Modern History'' 89#4 (December 2017) pp 772–811 [http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/694427 excerpt] * Rothermund, Dietmar. ''Memories of Post-Imperial Nations: The Aftermath of Decolonization, 1945–2013'' (2015) [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Memories-Post-Imperial-Nations-Aftermath-Decolonization/dp/1107102294/ excerpt]; Compares the impact on Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Portugal, Italy and Japan * Rothermund, Dietmar. ''The Routledge companion to decolonization'' (Routledge, 2006), comprehensive global coverage; 365pp * Shepard, Todd. ''The Invention of Decolonization: The Algerian War and the Remaking of France'' (2006) * Simpson, Alfred William Brian. ''Human Rights and the End of Empire: Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention'' (Oxford University Press, 2004). * Smith, Tony. "A comparative study of French and British decolonization." ''Comparative Studies in Society and History'' (1978) 20#1 pp: 70–102. [http://w3.salemstate.edu/~cmauriello/pdfEuropean/Smith%20Compartive%20French%20and%20British%20Decolonization.pdf online] {{Wayback|url=http://w3.salemstate.edu/~cmauriello/pdfEuropean/Smith%20Compartive%20French%20and%20British%20Decolonization.pdf |date=20150614085733 }} * Smith, Tony. "The French Colonial Consensus and People's War, 1946–58." ''Journal of Contemporary History'' (1974): 217–247. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/260298 in JSTOR] * Thomas, Martin, Bob Moore, and Lawrence J. Butler. ''Crises of Empire: Decolonization and Europe's imperial states'' (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015) * Von Albertini, Rudolf. ''Decolonization: the Administration and Future of the Colonies, 1919–1960'' (Doubleday, 1971), scholarly analysis of French policies, pp 265–469.. ===Sawirada iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay Faransiiska=== * Andrew, Christopher M., and Alexander Sydney Kanya-Forstner. "France, Africa, and the First World War." ''Journal of African History'' 19.1 (1978): 11–23. * {{cite journal |first1=C. M. |last1=Andrew |first2=A. S. |last2=Kanya-Forstner |title=French Business and the French Colonialists |journal=Historical Journal |volume=19 |issue=4 |year=1976 |pages=981–1000 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X00010803|s2cid=159812995 }}. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638246 online] * Andrew, C. M., and A. S. Kanya-Forstner. "The French 'Colonial Party': Its Composition, Aims and Influence, 1885-1914." ''Historical Journal'' 14#1 (1971): 99–128. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2637903 online]. * August, Thomas G. ''The Selling of the Empire: British and French Imperialist Propaganda, 1890–1940'' (1985) * Chafer, Tony, and Amanda Sackur. ''Promoting the Colonial Idea: Propaganda and Visions of Empire in France'' (2002) * {{cite journal |first=Vincent |last=Confer |title=French Colonial Ideas before 1789 |journal=French Historical Studies |volume=3 |issue=3 |year=1964 |pages=338–359 |doi=10.2307/285947|jstor=285947 }}. * Conkin, Alice L. ''A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895-1930'' (1997) [https://www.questia.com/library/65667984/a-mission-to-civilize-the-republican-idea-of-empire online] * Dobie, Madeleine. ''Trading Places: Colonization & Slavery in 18th-Century French Culture'' (2010) * {{cite journal |first=Guy |last=Martin |title=The Historical, Economic, and Political Bases of France's African Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |year=1985 |pages=189–208 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000148|s2cid=154727976 }}. * Rosenblum, Mort. ''Mission to Civilize: The French Way'' (1986) [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-07-05-bk-2118-story.html online review] * Rothermund, Dietmar. ''Memories of Post-Imperial Nations: The Aftermath of Decolonization, 1945–2013'' (2015) [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Memories-Post-Imperial-Nations-Aftermath-Decolonization/dp/1107102294/ excerpt]; Compares the impact on Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Portugal, Italy and Japan * Singer, Barnett, and John Langdon. ''Cultured Force: Makers and Defenders of the French Colonial Empire'' (2008) * Thomas, Martin, ed. ''The French Colonial Mind, Volume 1: Mental Maps of Empire and Colonial Encounters'' (France Overseas: Studies in Empire and D) (2012); ''The French Colonial Mind, Volume 2: Violence, Military Encounters, and Colonialism'' (2012) ===Taariikhda iyo xusuus-qorka=== * Bennington, Alice. "Writing Empire? The Reception of Post-Colonial Studies in France." ''Historical Journal'' (2016) 59#4: 1157–1186. [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/div-classtitlerewriting-empire-the-reception-of-post-colonial-studies-in-francea-hreffns01-ref-typefnadiv/32DA3F5C79BF6B46BE39A67840BF1D36 abstract] * {{cite journal |first=Rupert |last=Emerson |s2cid=220878619 |title=Colonialism |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=4 |issue=1 |year=1969 |pages=3–16 |doi=10.1177/002200946900400101}}. * Lawrence, Adria K. 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41797 /* */ 303799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{id|{{{1|}}}}}}|{{nowrap|1=[https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id={{{id|{{{1|}}}}}} {{{name|{{{2|{{{id|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}}}]}} {{#if: {{{noval|}}} | |{{#ifeq: {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{id|{{{1|}}}}}}|5|5}}|- |{{#ifexpr: 1957 <= {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{id|{{{1|}}}}}}|1|4}} and {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{id|{{{1|}}}}}}|1|4}} <= {{CURRENTYEAR}} ||{{error-small|COSPAR ID year must be between 1957 and {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}{{#if: {{{demo|}}}||[[Category:Pages with COSPAR ID errors]]}} }} {{#if:{{#invoke:ustring|match|\{{{id|{{{1|}}}}}}|^[0-9][0-9][0-9][A-Za-z][A-Za-z]?[A-Za-z]?[^A-Za-z]*$|6}} ||{{error-small|COSPAR ID does not match expected format}}{{#if: {{{demo|}}}||[[Category:Pages with COSPAR ID errors]]}} }} |<!--skip validation in case of TLE format--> }} }}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 3czeyrbfxl2ugvpypvcra0v2qna7m5g 10 49907 303800 2026-08-02T12:17:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P2818}} | [http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?fighterID={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P2818}}|sep=,}} }} Professional MMA record for {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{Remove accents|1={{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }}] from [[Sherdog]]<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P2818|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly>{{Wikidata check|property=P2818|value={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|category=Sherdog template with ID|namespaces=0|nocatsame=1}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:Sherdog|Sherdog]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{preview warning|1=To find the ID, see the [https://www.sherdog.com/events Sherdog search page] or try this [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}+site%3Awww.sherdog.com%2Ffighter%2F Google search].}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|[[Category:Sherdog template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata --> </noinclude> fde4c7qzcvmm8fajtvwuw5lhny1za4z 10 49908 303801 2026-08-02T12:17:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303801 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:WikidataCheck|wikidatacheck|property={{{property|}}}|value={{{value|}}}|category={{{category|}}}|namespaces={{{namespaces|0}}}|nocatsame={{{nocatsame|}}}|ignorecase={{{ignorecase|}}}|qid={{{qid|}}}|onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> lonkaxqbg229jfakz6ngquub3lnwstv 10 49909 303802 2026-08-02T12:21:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303802 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:template wrapper |{{#if:{{{_debug|}}} |list |wrap }} |_template=cite web |_exclude=_debug, archive-date, archivedate, archive-url, archiveurl, publisher, server, website, work, url-status |work={{{server|}}} |mode={{#invoke:Citation mode|main|cs1}} |type=[[FTP]] }}{{#ifeq:{{{url-status|}}}|dead|<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i>dead ftp link</i>&#93;</span></sup>{{Namespace detect |main=[[Category:Articles with dead FTP links]]}}}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|find|source={{{url|}}} |target=^ftp:// |plain=false}}|0|{{color|#d33|&#x7B;{[[Template:Cite FTP|Cite FTP]]}&#x7D; must use {{mono|{{color|#d33|ftp://}}}} scheme}}{{Namespace detect |main=[[Category:Articles using cite FTP with improper URL]]}}|}}}}<!-- --> {{link note|note=To view documents see [[Help:FTP]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> kwwgxs0joxajn5cxzacrt95dp63pa31 10 49910 303803 2026-08-02T12:22:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303803 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:template wrapper|{{#if:{{{_debug|}}}|list|wrap}}|_template=Cite encyclopedia |_exclude=access, id, sense, short, subid, subsection, term, _debug 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|doi={{#if:{{{term|{{{entry|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} |{{#ifexpr:( {{#if:{{{subsection|{{{sense|}}}}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{subid|}}}|1|0}} ) |10.1093/OED/{{{subid|}}} |{{#if:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} > 999999999 |10.1093/OED/{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} }} }} }} }} |doi-access={{#if:{{{term|{{{entry|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} |{{#ifexpr:( ({{#if:{{{subsection|{{{sense|}}}}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{subid|}}}|1|0}}) or {{#if:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} > 999999999|1|0}} |0 }} ) |{{#ifeq:{{{access|}}}|free}} }} }} |ref={{SfnRef|Reference-OED-{{#if:{{{term|{{{entry|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{subsection|{{{sense|}}}}}}|{{{subsection|{{{sense|}}}}}}-}} }}{{{term|{{{entry|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{short|}}}||{{#ifeq:{{{access|}}}|free||&#32;{{OEDsub|sentence={{#ifeq:{{{mode|cs1}}}|cs1|yes|no}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> d5r9nlc0tayrwc3aumqdwf51zzg162i 0 49911 303809 2026-08-02T13:08:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bernried |image_coa = DEU Bernried COA.svg |image_photo = Kirche Bernried.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Catherine |coordinates = {{coord|48|55|N|12|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bernried in DEG.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Deggendorf |elevation = 400-1095 |area = 39.47 |postal_code = 94505 |area_code = 08158 |licence = DEG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 71 116 |divisions = 2 Ortsteile |website = {{url|http://bernried.de/}} |mayor = Stefan Achatz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Bernried''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Deggendorf (district)|Deggendorf]] ee ku taal [[Bafaariya]] oo ku taal [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o9tvxbvo4knaw9tnxo6oaiohkoi0fy5 0 49912 303810 2026-08-02T13:10:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Berscheid |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|49|59|1|N|06|13|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berscheid in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Südeifel |elevation = 490 |area = 7.49 |postal_code = 54673 |area_code = 06524 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 012 |divisions = |website = [http://www.suedeifelinfo.de/index.php/2014-04-02-10-51-07/gemeinden-der-vg-suedeifel Berscheid oo ku taal websaytka www.suedeifelinfo.de] |mayor = Albert Schier<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = }} '''Berscheid''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Bitburg-Prüm|gobolka Bitburg-Prüm]], oo ku taal [[Rheinland-Palatinate]], ee galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} ldvmdtydecuuj5097eygirmg7dez6fc 0 49913 303813 2026-08-02T13:12:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Marktplatz Bersenbrück.jpg |image_caption = Fagaaraha suuqa |image_coa = DEU Bersenbrück COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|32|N|7|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bersenbrück in OS.svg |state = |district = Osnabrück |Samtgemeinde = Bersenbrück |elevation = 37 |area = 42.54 |postal_code = 49593 |area_code = 05439, 05462 |licence = OS, BSB, MEL, WTL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 59 010 |divisions = 7 |website = [http://www.bersenbrueck.de/ www.bersenbrueck.de] |mayor = Christian Klütsch |party = CDU }} '''Bersenbrück''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛʁzn̩bʁʏk|-|De-Bersenbrück.ogg}}; {{langx|nds|Bessenbrügge}}) waa magaalada ku taalla [[Osnabrück (district)|gobolka Osnabrück]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa webiga [[Hase]], qriban 30&nbsp;km waqooyiga [[Osnabrück]]. Bersenbrück waa xarunta ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") ee [[Bersenbrück (Samtgemeinde)|Bersenbrück]]. == Bandhigga Reggae Jam == Bersenbrück waxay ku caan tahay bandhig-sanadeedkeeda muusigga reggae ee loogu magac daray Reggae Jam, oo ay ka qaybgalaan fannaaniin heer qaran iyo heer caalamis ah. Sannadkii 2014, Reggae Jam wuxuu u dabaaldegay guuradiisii 20-aad wuxuuna soo jiitay in ka badan 20,000 oo booqde.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.noz.de/deutschland-welt/niedersachsen/artikel/494470/20-jahre-reggae-jam-in-bersenbruck-20-000-besucher-erwartet-1#gallery&0&0&494470|accessdate=27 April 2017|publisher=Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung|date=29 July 2014|title=20 Jahre Reggae Jam in Bersenbrück: 20 000 Besucher erwartet}}</ref> Reggae Jam waxaa dhowr jeer loo doortay inuu yahay bandhigga reggae ee ugu caansan Jarmalka dhexdeeda inta ku xirnaa joornaalka ''Riddim''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Riddim Popularity Poll|url=http://www.reggaejam.de/fileadmin/_processed_/2/d/csm_Riddim_Readers_Poll_Winner_2015_a64abb801e.jpg|accessdate=27 April 2017|archive-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428051657/http://www.reggaejam.de/fileadmin/_processed_/2/d/csm_Riddim_Readers_Poll_Winner_2015_a64abb801e.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada == * [[Hans-Gert Pöttering]] (dhashay 1945), [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] - siyaasi iyo madaxweynihii hore ee Baarlamaanka Yurub ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bersenbruck}} tsxi1xahsee24um9jx2eq3yxscfokfo 0 49914 303814 2026-08-02T13:13:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|57|00|N|13|45|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bersteland in LDS.png |state = |district = Dahme-Spreewald |Amt = Unterspreewald |elevation = 54 |area = 29.31 |postal_code = 15910 |area_code = 035474 |licence = LDS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 61 017 |website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929051836/http://www.unterspreewald.de/c.pl www.unterspreewald.de] |mayor = Manuela Paulick<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12061000 Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Bersteland''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Dahme-Spreewald]] ee ku taal [[Brandenburg]] oo ku taal [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tirada dadka== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Bersteland.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarka tirada dadka intii ka dambeysay 1875 iyadoo ku dhex jirta xuduudaha hadda (Laynka buluugga ah: Tirada dadka; Laynka dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarka tirada dadka ee gobolka Brandenburg; Gadaasha cawlka ah: Waqtigii xukunkii Naasiga; Gadaasha cas: Waqtigii xukunkii shuuciyadda)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Bersteland: Horumarka tirada dadka <br>iyadoo ku dhex jirta xuduudaha hadda (2020)<ref>Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1256 | 1890 | 1357 | 1910 | 1259 | 1925 | 1111 | 1933 | 1104 | 1939 | 1101 | 1946 | 1471 | 1950 | 1198 | 1964 | 982 | 1971 | 936 | 1981 | 891 | 1985 | 889 | 1989 | 894 | 1990 | 870 | 1991 | 850 | 1992 | 839 | 1993 | 837 | 1994 | 831 | 1995 | 834 | 1996 | 886 | 1997 | 903 | 1998 | 919 | 1999 | 929 | 2000 | 929 | 2001 | 930 | 2002 | 911 | 2003 | 937 | 2004 | 937 | 2005 | 934 | 2006 | 937 | 2007 | 923 | 2008 | 930 | 2009 | 916 | 2010 | 925 | 2011 | 915 | 2012 | 907 | 2013 | 902 | 2014 | 895 | 2015 | 896 | 2016 | 901 | 2017 | 880 | 2018 | 894 | 2019 | 902 | 2020 | 889 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} anvdwg46zacwluwhs0wacseyto9p5ym 0 49915 303815 2026-08-02T13:15:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Belgium municipality |name = Bertem |picture = Gemeentehuis Bertem.JPG |picture-legend = Aqalka dowladda hoose ee Bertem |map = Bertem Flemish-Brabant Belgium Map.svg |map-legend = Mahadawga Bertem ee ku dhex yaal Flemish Brabant |arms = Blason ville bel Bertem.svg |flag = Bertem vlag.svg |arrondissement = [[Arrondissement of Leuven|Leuven]] |nis = 24009 |mayor = Joël Vander Elst (OpenVld) |majority = [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|OpenVld]], [[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]] |postal-codes = 3060, 3061 |telephone-area = 016 - 02 |web = [http://www.bertem.be/ www.bertem.be] |coordinates = {{coord|50|51|N|04|37|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}} }} '''Bertem''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈbɛrtɛm|-|Nl-Bertem.ogg}}) waa [[Magaalooyinka Beljamka|degmo]] ku taalla gobolka [[Beljamka]] ee [[Flemish Brabant]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay magaalooyinka Bertem iyada oo sax ah, [[Korbeek-Dijle]] iyo [[Leefdaal]]. 1-dii Jannaayo 2006, Bertem waxay lahayd wadarta tirada dadka ee 9,215. Wadarta dhulkeedu waa 29.75&nbsp;km² taas oo baxinaysa [[Tirada dadka halkii kiilometir|cufnaanta dadka]] ee 310 oo muwaadin halkii km². Degaanka waxaa ku caan ah muuqaalka miyiga, gaar ahaan "Koeheide"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koeheide.be|title=Bertemse Koeheide webpagina|website=www.koeheide.be}}</ref> iyo "Bertembos" ("Kaynta Bertem"). Bannaanka furan ee Leefdaal, waxaa suurtagal ah in lagu arko [[Xayawaanka baaba'a ku dhow|nooca baaba'a ku dhow]] ee hamsteerka Yurub (''Cricetus cricetus'')).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.petwebsite.com/hamsters/european_hamsters.htm|title=The European Hamster is sometimes referred to as the Common Hamster or Black Bellied Hamster and is 22-32 cm in length and can live up to 8 years. Find out more about this giant hamster in the profile below.|website=www.petwebsite.com}}</ref> Tuulada Bertem waxay xarun u tahay {{ill|Sint-Pieters-Bandenkerk|nl|Sint-Pieters-Bandenkerk (Bertem)}}, oo ah kaniisad qaabka [[Qaabdhismeedka Romaaniga|Romaaniga]] loo dhisay oo la dhisay u dhaxeysay 950 iyo 1050. Cayaaryahanka buskileetiga caanka ah ee Vlad van Mechelen waa ka soo jeeda halkaas. ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska degmooyinka Gobolka Flemish]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Linkiyada dibadda == * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{official|http://www.bertem.be }} * [http://vcbertemleefdaal.be/ VC. Bertem-Leefdaal, kooxda kubadda cagta ee Bertem] * [http://www.scholares.net/index.php?Gazetteer-Bertem Gazetteer Entry] {{Authority control}} lkjmpgem5hlcm29j84y4mcem3p83sui 303933 303815 2026-08-03T00:53:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Belgium municipality |name = Bertem |picture = Gemeentehuis Bertem.JPG |picture-legend = Aqalka dowladda hoose ee Bertem |map = Bertem Flemish-Brabant Belgium Map.svg |map-legend = Mahadawga Bertem ee ku dhex yaal Flemish Brabant |arms = Blason ville bel Bertem.svg |flag = Bertem vlag.svg |arrondissement = [[Arrondissement of Leuven|Leuven]] |nis = 24009 |mayor = Joël Vander Elst (OpenVld) |majority = [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|OpenVld]], [[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]] |postal-codes = 3060, 3061 |telephone-area = 016 - 02 |web = [http://www.bertem.be/ www.bertem.be] |coordinates = {{coord|50|51|N|04|37|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}} }} '''Bertem''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈbɛrtɛm|-|Nl-Bertem.ogg}}) waa [[Magaalooyinka Beljamka|degmo]] ku taalla gobolka [[Beljamka]] ee [[Flemish Brabant]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay magaalooyinka Bertem iyada oo sax ah, [[Korbeek-Dijle]] iyo [[Leefdaal]]. 1-dii Jannaayo 2006, Bertem waxay lahayd wadarta tirada dadka ee 9,215. Wadarta dhulkeedu waa 29.75&nbsp;km² taas oo baxinaysa [[Tirada dadka halkii kiilometir|cufnaanta dadka]] ee 310 oo muwaadin halkii km². Degaanka waxaa ku caan ah muuqaalka miyiga, gaar ahaan "Koeheide"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koeheide.be|title=Bertemse Koeheide webpagina|website=www.koeheide.be}}</ref> iyo "Bertembos" ("Kaynta Bertem"). Bannaanka furan ee Leefdaal, waxaa suurtagal ah in lagu arko [[Xayawaanka baaba'a ku dhow|nooca baaba'a ku dhow]] ee hamsteerka Yurub (''Cricetus cricetus'')).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.petwebsite.com/hamsters/european_hamsters.htm|title=The European Hamster is sometimes referred to as the Common Hamster or Black Bellied Hamster and is 22-32 cm in length and can live up to 8 years. Find out more about this giant hamster in the profile below.|website=www.petwebsite.com|access-date=2026-08-02|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183710/http://www.petwebsite.com/hamsters/european_hamsters.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tuulada Bertem waxay xarun u tahay {{ill|Sint-Pieters-Bandenkerk|nl|Sint-Pieters-Bandenkerk (Bertem)}}, oo ah kaniisad qaabka [[Qaabdhismeedka Romaaniga|Romaaniga]] loo dhisay oo la dhisay u dhaxeysay 950 iyo 1050. Cayaaryahanka buskileetiga caanka ah ee Vlad van Mechelen waa ka soo jeeda halkaas. ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska degmooyinka Gobolka Flemish]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Linkiyada dibadda == * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{official|http://www.bertem.be }} * [http://vcbertemleefdaal.be/ VC. Bertem-Leefdaal, kooxda kubadda cagta ee Bertem] * [http://www.scholares.net/index.php?Gazetteer-Bertem Gazetteer Entry] {{Authority control}} 7izofa31do7heiad024xvqnp0wrshs6 0 49916 303816 2026-08-02T13:17:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Belgium municipality |name = Bertrix |native_name = {{native_name|wa|Bietris}} |picture = Vue de Bertrix de la clairière P6140039.JPG |picture-legend = |map = Bertrix Luxembourg Belgium Map.svg |map-legend = Mahadawga Bertrix ee ku dhex yaal gobolka Luxembourg |arms = Blason ville be Bertrix (Luxembourg).svg |flag = Bertrix vlag.svg |province = [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|Luxembourg]] |arrondissement = [[Arrondissement of Neufchâteau (Belgium)|Neufchâteau]] |nis = 84009 |mayor = Matthieu Rossignol |majority = ACTION ([[Reformist Movement|MR]]-[[Socialist Party (Belgium)|PS]]) |postal-codes = 6880 |telephone-area = 061 |web = {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.bertrix.be bertrix.be] |coordinates = {{coord|49|51.25|N|5|15.2|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}} }} '''Bertrix''' ({{IPA|fr|bɛʁtʁi}}; {{langx|wa|Bietris}}) waa [[Magaalooyinka Beljamka|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Wallonia]] oo ku taalla [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|gobolka Luxembourg]], ee [[Beljamka]]. 1-dii Jannaayo 2007 degmada, oo ku fadhida 137.7&nbsp;km², waxay lahayd 8,164 oo muwaadin, taas oo baxinaysa [[Tirada dadka halkii kiilometir|cufnaanta dadka]] ee 59.3 oo muwaadin halkii km². Bertrix waxay xarun u tahay saldhigga ciidamada cirka kaydka ah ee [[NATO]] ee [[Jehonville Air Base]]. == Juqraafida == Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay [[deelgemeente|qeybaha]] soo socda: [[Auby-sur-Semois]], Bertrix, [[Cugnon]], [[Jehonville]], iyo [[Orgeo]]. Magaalooyinka kale ee dadku ku badan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah: {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em| * Acremont * Assenois * Biourge * Blanchoreille * Glaumont * La Flèche * La Géripont * Luchy * Mortehan * Nevraumont * Rossart * Sart * Thibauroche }} === Cimilada === <div style="width:75%"> {{Weather box |location = Bertrix |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan high F = 36 |Feb high F = 40 |Mar high F = 44 |Apr high F = 54 |May high F = 63 |Jun high F = 69 |Jul high F = 70 |Aug high F =69 |Sep high F = 64 |Oct high F = 54 |Nov high F =44 |Dec high F = 37 |year high F = 54 |Jan low F = 24 |Feb low F = 27 |Mar low F = 29 |Apr low F = 36 |May low F = 44 |Jun low F = 48 |Jul low F = 50 |Aug low F = 50 |Sep low F = 45 |Oct low F = 40 |Nov low F = 33 |Dec low F = 26 |year low F = 38 |Jan precipitation inch = 3.6 |Feb precipitation inch =1.6 |Mar precipitation inch = 2.4 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.4 |May precipitation inch = 2.3 |Jun precipitation inch = 3.1 |Jul precipitation inch = 4.4 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.2 |Sep precipitation inch = 2.6 |Oct precipitation inch = 4.7 |Nov precipitation inch = 3.3 |Dec precipitation inch = 4.1 |year precipitation inch = 37.8 |source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase> {{cite web |url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=122541&refer=wikipedia |title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Bertrix, Belgium |publisher=Weatherbase |year=2011 }} Retrieved on November 24, 2011. </ref> |date=November 2011 }} </div> ==Gaadiidka== Saldhigga tareenka ee Bertrix, oo ku yaal bariga magaalada, wuxuu leeyahay adeegyo tareen oo joogto ah oo u goosha [[Libramont]], [[Dinant]] iyo [[Virton]]. Maalmaha shaqada tareenadu waxay sii maraaan Virton iyo [[Aubange]] oo ay u socdaan [[Arlon]]. ==Magaalooyinka mataanka ah== Bertrix waxay [[Magaalooyinka mataanka ah|mataandahab ah]] la tahay: * [[Charmes, Vosges|Charmes]] ([[Faransiiska]]) (laga soo bilaabo 1968) * [[Rusca Montana]] ([[Rumaaniya]]) (laga soo bilaabo 1990) * [[Church Point, Louisiana]] (Mareykanka) (laga soo bilaabo 1992) ==Galiiriga sawirrada== <gallery widths=200px> Image:Bertrix JPG02.jpg|Aqalka dowladda hoose Image:Bertrix JPG01.jpg|Bertrix: Kaniisadda St Stephen </gallery> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska meelaha dhaxalka ah ee la dhowro ee Bertrix]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * {{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} f97tnlcrulebingji2mhvrqonofpgbj 0 49917 303817 2026-08-02T13:19:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = AWO Kindergarten Berumbur-Kleinheide.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Xanana ku taal Kleinheide, Berumbur | image_flag = Flagge Berumbur.svg | image_coa = DEU Berumbur COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|53|36|00|N|07|19|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Berumbur in AUR.svg | state = | district = Aurich | Samtgemeinde = Hage | elevation = 2 | area = 6.42 | postal_code = 26524 | area_code = 0 49 36 | licence = AUR, NOR | Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 52 003 | divisions = 4 Ortsteile | mayor = Udo Schmidt<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spd-hage.de/2021/05/02/udo-schmidt-ist-neuer-buergermeister-in-berumbur/ |title=Udo Schmidt ist neuer Bürgermeister in Berumbur |trans-title=Udo Schmidt is new mayor in Berumbur |website=[[SPD]] |date=2 May 2021 |access-date=17 October 2024 |language=de}}</ref> | party = SPD }} '''Berumbur''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Aurich (district)|gobolka Aurich]], ee Niedersachsen, Jarmalka. Waxay qayb ka tahay ururka degmooyinka (''[[Samtgemeinde]]'') ee [[Hage (Samtgemeinde)|Hage]]. Sannadkii 2022 waxay lahayd qriban 2,700 oo muwaadin waxayna ku fadhidaa dhul heerkiisu yahay 6.42 kiilometir oo labajibbaaran. Waxay bariga ka xigtaa magaalada [[Hage]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay xaafadaha (''[[Ortsteile]]'') Kleinheide iyo Holzdorf. Xagga galbeed ee Berumbur waxaa ku yaal [[Berum, Hage|Berum]], oo xarun u ah [[Berum Castle|Qasriga Berum]], kaas oo door weyn ka qaatay [[Taariikhda East Frisia|taariikhda East Frisia]]. == Etymology == Meeshan waxaa markii ugu horreysay si rasmi ah loo xusay iyadoo ah ''Bherum Buer'' sannadkii 1552. Magacyadii dambe waxay ahaayeen ''Behrumsbuhr'' (1645) iyo ''Berumbuer'' (1730). Magaca deegaankan, xididka [[Proto-Germanic]] ee ''*būr''- wuxuu ka muuqdaa laba jeer: iyadoo la qeexayo erey ahaan udub-dhexaadka [[Frisian-kii Hore]] ee ''bēre'', ereyga salka ahna uu yahay [[Jarmalka Hoose ee Dhexe]] ee ''būr''. Ujeeddadu waa "bulshada beeralayda ee ka tirsan [[Berum, Hage|Berum]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bibliothek.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/dateiarchiv/3254/Berumbur.pdf |title=Berumbur |website=Ostfriesische Landschaft |page=2 |access-date=17 October 2024 |language=de}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1mjkep2htb644itdy4wrstl9wsoyuhp 0 49918 303818 2026-08-02T13:21:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Berzhahn2.jpg |image_coa = DEU Berzhahn COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|32|24|N|8|00|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berzhahn im Westerwaldkreis.png |state = |district = Westerwaldkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Westerburg |elevation = 310 |area = 3.26 |postal_code = 56459 |area_code = 02663 |licence = WW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 43 209 |website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20071212161842/http://www.berzhahn.de/ www.berzhahn.de] |mayor = Markus Hof<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1430000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Westerwaldkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Berzhahn''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – degmo ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' – oo ku taal [[Westerwaldkreis]] oo ku taal [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafida== Berzhahn waxay ku taallaa jiirada waqooyi ee kaynta ballaaran 4&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Westerburg]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1972 waxay ka tirsanayd wixii markaa ahaa markii ugu horreysay ee la aasaasay [[Westerburg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Westerburg]], oo ah meel ay ku midaysan yihiin degmooyin. ==Taariikhda== Sannadkii 1338, Berzhahn waxay lahayd xusiddeedii ugu horreysay ee dhokumenti ah. ==Siyaasadda== Golaha deegaanka wuxuu ka kooban yahay 13 xubnood oo golihiisa ah, oo uu ku jiro duqa magaalada, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Nidaamka codaynta ee tirada badan|doorashada inta badan]] ee doorashadii deegaanka ee 7 Juun 2009. ==Dhaqaalaha iyo kabayaasha== Berzhahn waxay leedahay meel ay ku joogsadaan tareennada [[Limburg-Altenkirchen railway]], oo ay ka adeegaan tareennada deegaanka ee khadka RB90 (Limburg - Westerburg - Hachenburg - Altenkirchen - Au (Sieg) - Kirchen - Siegen). Saldhigga Limburg iyo Au (Sieg) waxaa ka jira xiriirro toos ah oo u socda Frankfurt/Main, Wiesbaden, Koblenz, Cologne iyo Aachen. Berzhahn waxay ku taallaa Tarifwabe (aagga qiimaha) 429 ee ururka gaadiidka Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM). Koonfur-bari ee degmada waxaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 255, oo ka timaada [[Montabaur]] oo u socota [[Rennerod]]. Waddooyinka ugu dhow ee [[Autobahn]] [[Isgoyska (waddada)|isgoysyada]] ah waa ''Montabaur'' iyo ''[[Limburg an der Lahn]]'' ee ku yaal [[Bundesautobahn 3|A 3]] ([[Cologne]]&ndash;[[Frankfurt am Main]]). Lammaanaha ugu dhow ee [[InterCityExpress]] waa [[Saldhigga tareenka|saldhigyada tareenka]] ee Montabaur iyo Limburg Süd ee ku yaal [[Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line]]. Dhalinta korontada, tuulooyinka [[Salz, Rhineland-Palatinate|Salz]] iyo Berzhahn waxay wadaagaan [[Beeraha dabaysha|beerta dabaysha]] ee dhulkeooda. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080414225622/http://www.berzhahn.de/ Mareegta intarneedka ee Berzhahn] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511163349/http://www.westerburger-land.de/haupt/gemeinden/uebersicht/unsere_gemeinden/ortsgemeinden/berzhahn/index.phtml Berzhahn ee bogagga intarneedka ee degmada wadajirka ah] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 64qpdgcf7xdjuxz58kr23d0rk39tff2 0 49919 303819 2026-08-02T13:23:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen-Berzhausen-klein.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|39|19|N|7|34|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Berzhausen in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 200 |area = 2.37 |postal_code = 57632 |area_code = 02685 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 005 |divisions = 4 |website = {{url|https://www.vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de/gemeinde-politik/uebersicht-ortsgemeinden/berzhausen/|vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de}} |mayor = Maik Kunz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Berzhausen''' waa tuulo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld]] oo ku taal [[Altenkirchen (district)|gobolka Altenkirchen]], oo ku taal [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]] ==Gaadiidka== Berzhausen waxaa ka adeega basaska khadka basaska deegaanka ee 136. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} nxyt8nmbfxr399wl6s96280p9bn5qr6 0 49920 303820 2026-08-02T13:25:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |name = Bescheid |image_photo = Bescheid02.jpg |image_coa = DEU Bescheid COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|45|8|N|6|53|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bescheid in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Hermeskeil |elevation = 421 |area = 7.62 |postal_code = 54413 |area_code = 06509 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 005 |website = [http://www.bescheid.de/ www.bescheid.de] |mayor = Nastja Raabe<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bescheid''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Trier-Saarburg]], oo ku taal [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pns76jyt0p56sxgz1xowg1wmenj6k0k 0 49921 303821 2026-08-02T13:26:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Beschendorf.png |image_coa = DEU Beschendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|10|57|N|10|52|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beschendorf in OH.png |state = |district = Ostholstein |Amt = Lensahn |elevation = 25 |area = 8.54 |postal_code = 23738 |area_code = 04564 |licence = OH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 55 006 |website = [http://www.lensahn.de/ www.lensahn.de] |mayor = Reinhard Krönke |party = }} '''Beschendorf''' waa degmo iyo magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Ostholstein]], oo ku taal [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Sannadkii 1322, magac-juqraafiyeedkan waxaa loo diiwaangeliyay magaca ''Beckendorp''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej |url=http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |access-date=2025-05-02 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154235/http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} foz6jdw5zcicthxmomud2jll2on9pd9 0 49922 303822 2026-08-02T13:28:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Besdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|3|N|9|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Besdorf in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Schenefeld |elevation = 13 |area = 7.37 |postal_code = 25584 |area_code = 04827 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 011 |website = |mayor = Kay Wieck |party = }} '''Besdorf''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Steinburg]], oo ku taal [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hxxes8oag3bde064rcxp300pikzwlmx 0 49923 303823 2026-08-02T13:29:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Besenthal.svg |image_coa = Wappen Besenthal.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|31|47|N|10|44|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Besenthal in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Büchen |elevation = 29 |area = 12.65 |postal_code = 23899 |area_code = 04547 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 010 |website = [http://www.buechen.de/ www.buechen.de] |mayor = Florian Schmidt |party = }} '''Besenthal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːzn̩taːl}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Lauenburg (district)|gobolka Lauenburg]], oo ku taal [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} bt9ava51eqdyijk47bqsw00948e5znw 0 49924 303824 2026-08-02T13:31:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |image_photo = Beseritz Kirche 2011-01-28 044.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisad |coordinates = {{coord|53|41|N|13|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beseritz in MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Neverin |elevation = 30 |area = 11.10 |postal_code = 17039 |area_code = 039601 |licence = MST |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 009 |website = [http://www.amt-neverin.de www.amt-neverin.de] |mayor = Christian Legde }} '''Beseritz''' ({{Langx|pl|Bezrzecze}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej |url=http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |access-date=2025-05-02 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154235/http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], oo ku taal [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hgzczz4jfmb6tn3pcr8s22h9f1smjk8 0 49925 303825 2026-08-02T13:33:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Besigheim |image_coa = DEU Besigheim COA.svg |image_photo = BesigheimMarktplatz_2010-05.jpg |image_plan = Besigheim im Landkreis Ludwigsburg.png |state = |regbzk = [[Stuttgart (region)|Stuttgart]] |district = [[Ludwigsburg (district)|Ludwigsburg]] |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08118007 |area = 16.83 |elevation = |coordinates = {{coord|48|59.9|N|9|8.5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |postal_code = 74354 |area_code = 07143 |licence = LB |mayor = Florian Bargmann<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-besigheim-2024/ Bürgermeisterwahl Besigheim 2024], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;32 |party = |website = {{URL|http://www.besigheim.de}} |year = 12th century }} {{Location map | Germany Neckar |caption = Besigheim oo ku taal Webiga Neckar |label = Besigheim | background = #EEEE88 |position=left | label_size = 84 |lat_deg = 48 | lat_min = 59.9 |lon_deg = 09 | lon_min = 8.5 |float = right | width = 220 }} '''Besigheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːzɪçhaɪm|-|De-Besigheim.ogg}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ludwigsburg (district)|Ludwigsburg]] oo ku taal [[Baden-Württemberg]] oo ku taal koonfurta [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay 13&nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi ka xigtaa [[Ludwigsburg]] markay marayso isgoyska webiyada [[Neckar]] iyo [[Enz]]. Magaaladu waxay leedahay dhismayaal hore oo badan iyo hooyga dowladda hoose oo dib u dhacaya sannadkii 1459. Waxaa ku yaal laba munaaradood oo [[Aagga Dhexe|qarniyadii dhexe]] ah, kaniisad Gotik ah, suuq dhagaxyo lagu goglay iyo meelo kale oo taariikhi ah oo xiiso leh. ==Taariikhda== Besigheim waxaa la founded-galeeyay qarnigii 12aad sidii magaalo oo derbi adag ku wareegsan yahay. Diiwaangelintii ugu horreysay ee rasmiga ahayd ee magaalada ee dokumeenti waxay ahayd 1153 wareegto uu soo saaray Boqor Friedrich I. Sannadkii 1693, dhismayaashii difaaca dhammaantood waxaa fakaray ciidamada Faransiiska, marka la gaaray 1750-kii waxay noqdeen kuwo burbur ah. ==Xiriirka caalamiga ah== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Besigheim waa [[Twin towns and sister cities|magaalo mataan ah]] oo la ah: *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Aÿ, Marne|Aÿ]], [[Faransiiska]]. *{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Newton Abbot]], [[Ingriiska]]. *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Bátaszék]], [[Hangari]]. ==Dadka caanka ah== *[[John Zeller]] (1830–1902), adeegga nooca ee Protestant ee [[Ottoman Syria|Suuriya ee Cusmaaniyiinta]]. *[[Friedrich Schrempf]] (1858–1912), tifaftire iyo xubin ka tirsan Reichstag-ga Jarmalka *[[Christoph Schrempf]] (1860–1944), feker ka tirsan fiqiga iyo falsafada *[[William Frank (athlete)|William Frank]] (1878–1965), ciyaartoy, biladdii naxaasta ee marathon-ka ee [[1906 Intercalated Games]] *[[Werner Villinger]] (1887–1961), dhaqtar maanka carruurta iyo dhallinyarada ee [[Nazi Germany]] *[[Luisa Richter]] (1928–2015), farshaxaniiste garaafyada iyo borofisar ku nool Feenesweela *[[Hans Mezger]] (1929-2020), engineer caan ku ah matoorada loogu talagalay Porsche 911 iyo gawaarida tartanka. Matoorkiisa 911 waxaa loo isticmaalay oo lagu horumariyay qiyaastii afar toban sano ilaa 2010. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ==Xiriirada dibadda== {{Commons category|Besigheim}} *[http://www.besigheim.de/ Webka rasmiga ah] {{Authority control}} in3ftuovkwv7bqerbvpn9em86697wak 828 49926 303826 2026-08-02T13:34:25Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: return { name = 'Neckar', y = '(100*($1 - 49.71)/(48.0 - 49.71))', x = '(100*( ($2 - (9.67 + 8.0)/2)*((1 - 0.86)*($1 - 49.71)/(48.0 - 49.71) + 0.86) + (9.67 + 8.0)/2 - 8.0)/(9.67 - 8.0))', image = 'Neckar_watershed_closer.gif' } 303826 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Neckar', y = '(100*($1 - 49.71)/(48.0 - 49.71))', x = '(100*( ($2 - (9.67 + 8.0)/2)*((1 - 0.86)*($1 - 49.71)/(48.0 - 49.71) + 0.86) + (9.67 + 8.0)/2 - 8.0)/(9.67 - 8.0))', image = 'Neckar_watershed_closer.gif' } popr74wqdy0zrsw2ypwcgnynrqedrx2 0 49927 303827 2026-08-02T13:36:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Besitz |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|21|N|10|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Besitz_(Mecklenburg)_in_LUP.svg |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Boizenburg-Land |elevation = 10 |area = 22.26 |postal_code = 19258 |area_code = 038844 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 010 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.amtboizenburgland.de/ www.amtboizenburgland.de] |mayor = Detlef Timm }} '''Besitz''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːzɪts}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], oo ku taal [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay laba xaafadood - '''Besitz''' (oo markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1376) iyo '''Blücher''' (oo markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1230 sidii ''Bluggere''), oo ah tuulo hore oo hantideeda lahayd qoyska Blücher. Sannadkii 1453, magac-juqraafiyeedkan waxaa loo xusay sidii Barsitze.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej |url=http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |access-date=2025-05-01 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154235/http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9x0e2szn9fuc8d6rsag3xqytg24wxky 0 49928 303828 2026-08-02T13:38:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bessenbach COA.svg |image_photo = Oberbessenbach, Neue Pfarrkirche-003.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisada Saints Ottilia iyo Stephen |coordinates = {{coord|49|58|N|09|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bessenbach in AB.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Aschaffenburg |elevation = 195 |area = 29.99 |postal_code = 63856 |area_code = 06095 |licence = AB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 71 112 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.bessenbach.de/ www.bessenbach.de] |mayor = Christoph Ruppert<ref name=mayor>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Bessenbach''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Aschaffenburg (district)|gobolka Aschaffenburg]] ee ku taal regierungsbezirk-ga [[Lower Franconia]] (''Unterfranken'') oo ku taal [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== [[File:Gemeinde Bessenbach.svg|thumb|''[[Village|Gemeindeteil]]e'']] Bessenbach waxay koonfur-bari ka xigtaa magaalada [[Aschaffenburg]] iyadoo ku dhex taal buuraha ka baxsan silsiladda [[Spessart]]. ===Qeybaha=== Bessenbach ''[[Ortsteil]]e''-keedu waa Beetacker, Frauengrund, Gemeindezentrum, Keilberg, Klingerhof, Klingermühle, Oberbessenbach, Steiger, Straßbessenbach, Unterbessenbach, Waldmichelbach iyo Weiler. ==Taariikhda== Degmada waxaa la dhisay 1 Jannaayo 1972 iyada oo loo marayo isku-dhafka degmooyinka Keilberg iyo Straßbessenbach. Sannadkii 1978, degmada Oberbessenbach ayaa iyana ku soo batay. ==Maamulka== ===Golaha deegaanka=== {{outdated section|date=April 2016}} Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20 xubnood oo golaheeda ah. {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="60%" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center" | || [[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|CSU]] || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || '''Wadarta''' |- align="center" | 2008 || 14 || 6 || 20 kuraas |} (sida doorashadii deegaanka ee dhacday 2 Maarso 2008) ===Duqa magaalada=== 15 Maarso 2020, Christoph Ruppert (CSU) ayaa loo dooraday duqa magaalada.<ref name=mayor/> ===Astaan-mikhiilka=== Astaanta degmada waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay: Baluug midabkiisu yahay guri-hoosaadka shimbirta shimbir-koraanka midabka lacagta ah oo leh laba madax, midabka cas, salka hoose oo leh khad mawjad ah oo labaad. Degmooyinkii hore is-maamuli jiray ee Keilberg, Straßbessenbach iyo Oberbessenbach waxay ku dhex merge-galeen degmo ka weyn 1978, iyagoo mar kale qaatay magacii taariikhiga ahaa ee Bessenbach. Qoyska reer maalka deegaanka oo sidoo kale loogu yeero Bessenbach waxay door ka qaateen horumarka degmada. Fadhigoodii awoowe, oo ahaa qalcad, wuxuu ku yaallay bartamaha Keilberg ee maanta. Sida jira taariikhda qoyska waxaa la diiwaangeliyay illaa qarnigii 12aad. Waxay lahaayeen xuquuqo maamul iyo kuwo maxkamadeed dhammaan dooxada Bessenbach kuwaas oo ay [[Alienation (property law)|wareejiyeen]] dhamaadkii qarnigii 13aad. Astaanta qoyska – shimbirka labada madax leh – waxaa dambe loo qaatay astaan ahaan gudaheeda astaanta degmada. U taagan Bessenbach, durdurka u serves-garaynaya sida xiriirka juqraafiyeed ee degmada oo loogu magac daray, waa fess-ka mawjadda ah ee ku yaal salka [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon-ka]]. Astaamahan waxaa la isticmaalayay tan iyo 28 Noofambar 1977. ===Magaalooyinka mataanka ah=== *{{Flagicon|France}} [[Dury, Somme|Dury]], [[Somme (department)|Somme]], [[Faransiiska]] *{{Flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Fuscien]], Somme, Faransiiska *{{Flagicon|France}} [[Sains-en-Amiénois]], Somme, Faransiiska Kani waa hanti-wadaag oo Bessenbach ay la lahayd dhammaan saddexda degmo ee Faransiiska tan iyo 1985. ==Cagidda/Kaabayeelka== ===Gaadiidka=== Degmada waxaa ka adeega khadadka basaska ee ''Verkehrsgemeinschaft am Bayerischen Untermain'' ("Uurka Gaadiidka ee Main-ka Hoose ee Bafaariya") oo ka socda [[Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof|stansiyanka tareenka ee Aschaffenburg]]. Waxa kale oo ay Bessenbach ku taal sax [[Bundesautobahn 3|A&nbsp;3]] [[interchange (road)|isgoyska]] Bessenbach/Waldaschaff iyo meel u dhow Spessart [[Rest area|xarunta adeegga]] oo ku dhow Rohrbrunn. ==Ciyaaraha== ''Ortsteil''-ka Straßbessenbach wuxuu martigeliyay [[Sidecarcross world championship|Sidecarcross Grand Prix-ga Jarmalka]] oo dhowr jeer ah. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirada dibadda== {{Commons category|Bessenbach}} * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} rf6148crbh5c188msb0gqqeppcw7rbf 0 49929 303829 2026-08-02T13:40:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Bestensee.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|15|N|13|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bestensee in LDS.png |state = |district = Dahme-Spreewald |elevation = 36 |area = 38.04 |postal_code = 15741 |area_code = 033763 |licence = LDS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 61 020 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.bestensee.de/ www.bestensee.de] |mayor = Roland Holm<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12061000 Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = independent }} '''Bestensee''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛstn̩zeː|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Bestensee.wav}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Dahme-Spreewald]] oo ku taal [[Brandenburg]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Dadka == <gallery widths="250" heights="200"> File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Bestensee.pdf|Horumarka Dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 ee ku dhex jira Xuduudaha Hadda (Lainka Buluugga ah: Dadweynaha; Lainka Dhibcaha leh: Garabdhiga Horumarka Dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Gadaal Ckul ah: Waqtigii maamulkii Naaziga; Gadaal Cas ah: Waqtigii maamulkii Shuuciga) File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Bestensee.pdf|Horumarka Dadweynaha ee Hadda iyo Projections-ka (Horumarka Dadweynaha ka hor Tirakoobka 2011 (lainka buluugga ah); Horumarka Dadweynaha ee Hadda sida ku xusan [[Census in Germany|Tirakoobka Jarmalka]] ee 2011 iyo 2022 (lainka buluugga ah ee xadka leh); Projection-ka rasmiga ah ee 2024-2040 ee saddexda meelood (lainta dhibcaha leh 2025-2040) </gallery> {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Bestensee: Horumarka dadweynaha <br>ee ku dhex jira xuduudaha hadda (2025)<ref>Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 751 | 1890 | 987 | 1910 | 1786 | 1925 | 2285 | 1933 | 2929 | 1939 | 3583 | 1946 | 4231 | 1950 | 4089 | 1964 | 4113 | 1971 | 4145 | 1981 | 4215 | 1985 | 4494 | 1990 | 5755 | 1995 | 5978 | 2000 | 6319 | 2005 | 6669 | 2010 | 6732 | 2015 | 7367 | 2020 | 8344 | 2025 | 9388 }} ==Eeg sidoo kale== *[[Pätzer Vordersee]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} galobh9zlgteiqvwuj6ngrl1bf7x3dc 0 49930 303830 2026-08-02T13:42:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen der Gemeinde Betteldorf.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|15|08|N|6|45|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Betteldorf in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Daun |elevation = 540 |area = 3.31 |postal_code = 54570 |area_code = 06595 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 006 |website = [http://www.betteldorf.de/ www.betteldorf.de] |mayor = Frank Spies<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Betteldorf''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah meel ka tirsan degaannada la isku geeyay – oo ku taal gobolka [[Vulkaneifel]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Daun (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Daun]], oo fadhigeedu ku yaal [[Daun, Germany|magaalada magaceeda la midka ah]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[High Eifel]] halka ay ku dhamaanayso buurta Döhmberg, qiyaastii 11&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta xarunta gobolka ee [[Daun, Germany|Daun]]. Dhanka koonfureed, ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 410 waxay maraysaa tuulada dhankeeda. == Taariikhda == Magaca Betteldorf wuxuu dib u noqonayaa nin [[Ancient Rome|Roomaan]] ah oo magaciisu ahaa ''Betilo'', kaaso ka shaqayn jiray goob ay fardaha ku beddelan jireen jidka Roomaanka ee ka dhaxeeyay [[Meuse]] iyo [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]] oo maanta ah dhulka degmada. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha deegaanka === Golahu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo gole ah, kuwas oo loo doorday [[Plurality voting system|aqlabiyada codadka]] doorashadii deegaanka ee dhacday 7 June 2009, iyo duqa magaalada ee sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. === Astaan-mikhiilka === Sharaxaadda astaanta ee Jarmalka ee rasmiga ah waxay ku qoran tahay: ''Unter rotem Schildhaupt, darin eine goldene Zange, in Gold ein grüner Leistenschragen, belegt mit einer roten Mispel mit goldenem Butzen.'' Astaanta degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic-ga]] ee Ingiriisiga waxay noqon kartaa: Dahab ah saalibka cagaaran ee xagga sare ku leh ubaxa mispel-ka oo cas oo leh buro dahab ah, dhanka sare oo cas leh birta alxanka ee dahabka ah. Awliyada deegaanka waa [[Saint Apollonia]], oo caankeeda oo ah birta alxanka ku taalla astaanta sare. Saalibka (isgoyska nooca X-ka ah) wuxuu u taagan yahay jidadka Roomaanka ee isku gooya koonfur-galbeed ee Döhmberg. Degaankii hore ee Roomaanka ee halkan waxaa sidoo kale lagu diiwaangeliyay helitaanka maaliyad weyn oo qadaadiic ah. Ubaxa cas ee [[Mespilus germanica|mispel-ka]] oo leh bartamaha dahabka ah wuxuu ka yimid astaanta uu lahaa Duke ee Arenberg, kaaso maamulkiisa ay Betteldorf ka tirsanaan jirtay ka dib markii uu geeriyooday [[County of Manderscheid|Midkii ugu dambeeyay ee Manderscheid]]. Midabada cas iyo dahabka waxay ka yimaadeen astaanta Manderscheids.<ref name="Wappen">Ortsgemeinde Betteldorf: [http://www.betteldorf.de/kultur/geschichte.html Das Wappen der Gemeinde Betteldorf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202500/http://www.betteldorf.de/kultur/geschichte.html |date=2011-07-18 }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo booqashada == === Dhismayaasha === Dhismayaasha xiisaha leh ee degmada waxaa ka mid ah Kaniisada [[Roman Catholicism|Kiniisadda Katoolikada]] ee Saint Apollonia oo ku taal Auf dem Höfchen 2. Tani waa [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn waddooyin dhinac ah]] oo ka timid qarnigii 18aad taas oo la ballaariyay qiyaastii 1895 iyo mar kale ka dib 1945. Hauptstraße 20 waxaa ku yaal ghar leh dhismo shub ah, oo la sheegay inuu ka mid yahay sannadkii 1799. Jadwalka dhalinyarada deegaanka ee dadaalkooda, taallo ayaa loo dhisay samankii xagaaga ee 1922 iyadoo loo danaynayo kuwii ku dhintay [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida]]. Dhagaxa cas ee [[sandstone]] waxaa ku yaal sawirka [[Michael (archangel)|Malakii Mikhaa'iil]].<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> === Taallooyinka dabiiciga ah === Qiyaastii 750&nbsp;m waqooyiga tuulada waxaa ku yaal [[menhir]] kaaso tan iyo 1938 ku jiray ilaalin ahaan taallo dabiici ah. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirada dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202347/http://www.betteldorf.de/ Webka rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2349594/1hl2nxq/index.html Warbixin kooban oo ku saabsan Betteldorf iyo filim] ee [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 3qlhjzqwmo27cdsa3cxguv185m2jqy3 303934 303830 2026-08-03T00:55:09Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen der Gemeinde Betteldorf.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|15|08|N|6|45|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Betteldorf in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Daun |elevation = 540 |area = 3.31 |postal_code = 54570 |area_code = 06595 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 006 |website = [http://www.betteldorf.de/ www.betteldorf.de] |mayor = Frank Spies<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Betteldorf''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah meel ka tirsan degaannada la isku geeyay – oo ku taal gobolka [[Vulkaneifel]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Daun (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Daun]], oo fadhigeedu ku yaal [[Daun, Germany|magaalada magaceeda la midka ah]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[High Eifel]] halka ay ku dhamaanayso buurta Döhmberg, qiyaastii 11&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta xarunta gobolka ee [[Daun, Germany|Daun]]. Dhanka koonfureed, ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 410 waxay maraysaa tuulada dhankeeda. == Taariikhda == Magaca Betteldorf wuxuu dib u noqonayaa nin [[Ancient Rome|Roomaan]] ah oo magaciisu ahaa ''Betilo'', kaaso ka shaqayn jiray goob ay fardaha ku beddelan jireen jidka Roomaanka ee ka dhaxeeyay [[Meuse]] iyo [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]] oo maanta ah dhulka degmada. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha deegaanka === Golahu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo gole ah, kuwas oo loo doorday [[Plurality voting system|aqlabiyada codadka]] doorashadii deegaanka ee dhacday 7 June 2009, iyo duqa magaalada ee sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. === Astaan-mikhiilka === Sharaxaadda astaanta ee Jarmalka ee rasmiga ah waxay ku qoran tahay: ''Unter rotem Schildhaupt, darin eine goldene Zange, in Gold ein grüner Leistenschragen, belegt mit einer roten Mispel mit goldenem Butzen.'' Astaanta degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic-ga]] ee Ingiriisiga waxay noqon kartaa: Dahab ah saalibka cagaaran ee xagga sare ku leh ubaxa mispel-ka oo cas oo leh buro dahab ah, dhanka sare oo cas leh birta alxanka ee dahabka ah. Awliyada deegaanka waa [[Saint Apollonia]], oo caankeeda oo ah birta alxanka ku taalla astaanta sare. Saalibka (isgoyska nooca X-ka ah) wuxuu u taagan yahay jidadka Roomaanka ee isku gooya koonfur-galbeed ee Döhmberg. Degaankii hore ee Roomaanka ee halkan waxaa sidoo kale lagu diiwaangeliyay helitaanka maaliyad weyn oo qadaadiic ah. Ubaxa cas ee [[Mespilus germanica|mispel-ka]] oo leh bartamaha dahabka ah wuxuu ka yimid astaanta uu lahaa Duke ee Arenberg, kaaso maamulkiisa ay Betteldorf ka tirsanaan jirtay ka dib markii uu geeriyooday [[County of Manderscheid|Midkii ugu dambeeyay ee Manderscheid]]. Midabada cas iyo dahabka waxay ka yimaadeen astaanta Manderscheids.<ref name="Wappen">Ortsgemeinde Betteldorf: [http://www.betteldorf.de/kultur/geschichte.html Das Wappen der Gemeinde Betteldorf] {{Wayback|url=http://www.betteldorf.de/kultur/geschichte.html |date=20110718202500 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202500/http://www.betteldorf.de/kultur/geschichte.html |date=2011-07-18 }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo booqashada == === Dhismayaasha === Dhismayaasha xiisaha leh ee degmada waxaa ka mid ah Kaniisada [[Roman Catholicism|Kiniisadda Katoolikada]] ee Saint Apollonia oo ku taal Auf dem Höfchen 2. Tani waa [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn waddooyin dhinac ah]] oo ka timid qarnigii 18aad taas oo la ballaariyay qiyaastii 1895 iyo mar kale ka dib 1945. Hauptstraße 20 waxaa ku yaal ghar leh dhismo shub ah, oo la sheegay inuu ka mid yahay sannadkii 1799. Jadwalka dhalinyarada deegaanka ee dadaalkooda, taallo ayaa loo dhisay samankii xagaaga ee 1922 iyadoo loo danaynayo kuwii ku dhintay [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida]]. Dhagaxa cas ee [[sandstone]] waxaa ku yaal sawirka [[Michael (archangel)|Malakii Mikhaa'iil]].<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> === Taallooyinka dabiiciga ah === Qiyaastii 750&nbsp;m waqooyiga tuulada waxaa ku yaal [[menhir]] kaaso tan iyo 1938 ku jiray ilaalin ahaan taallo dabiici ah. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirada dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202347/http://www.betteldorf.de/ Webka rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2349594/1hl2nxq/index.html Warbixin kooban oo ku saabsan Betteldorf iyo filim] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2349594/1hl2nxq/index.html |date=20160408095045 }} ee [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} ck3fzevq2mrsflzdy0sjv5gqw9ruzd7 0 49931 303831 2026-08-02T13:44:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bettringen |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Bettringen COA.png |image_flag = |coordinates = {{coord|48|47|14|N|9|48|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bettringen-in-Schwäbisch-Gmünd.png |plantext = Goobta Bettringen ku leedahay Schwäbisch Gmünd dhexdeeda |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Ostalbkreis |Town = Schwäbisch Gmünd |type = Stadtteil |elevation = 350-549 |population = 8967 |population_as_of = 2014 |area = 10.86 |postal_code = 73529 |area_code = 07171 |mayor = Brigitte Weiß |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsvorsteherin |party = CDU |year = 1218 |website = http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/99.php |_noautocat = }} '''Bettringen''' waa ''[[Stadtteil]]'' ka tirsan [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Iyadoo leh qiyaastii 10,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah, waa xaafadda ugu weyn ee Schwäbisch Gmünd. == Juqraafiga == ''Strümpfelbach'' waxay u qaysisaa Bettringen qeybta sare (''Oberbettringen'') iyo qeybta hoose (''Unterbettringen''). Oberbettringen waxay u badan tahay inay ku taal dhanka amba waqooyi ee webiga, halka Unterbettringen ay ku taal dhanka koonfureed. ''Strümpfelbach'' waxay ku fureysaa [[Rems (river)|Rems]]. Xaafadaha deriska la ah ee Schwäbisch Gmünd waa Weiler in den Bergen, Hussenhofen, Schwäbisch Gmünd oo sax ah iyo Bargau. Bettringen waxay sidoo kale xudduud la leedahay degmada [[Waldstetten]]. Bettringen waxay 50&nbsp;km bariga ka xigtaa Stuttgart iyo cagtii buuraha [[Swabian Alps]]. == Taariikhda == Bettringen waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1218 ''buugga cas ee kaniisadda Lorch''. Qarnigii 15aad waxaa jiray xusidda ugu horreysay ee Oberbettringen iyo Unterbettringen. ''Madaxda Bettringen'' (''Herren von Bettringen'') waxaa lagu xusay dhowr shahaado oo ka mid ah qarnigii 13aad iyo 14aad. Tan iyo 1870 ''Unterbettringen'' waxay ka tirsanayd Oberbettringen. Sannadkii 1934 degmada waxaa loo bixiyay magaca Bettringen. Sannadkii 1934 golaha magaalada ee Oberbettringen wuxuu go'aansaday inuu magaciisa u beddelo '''Bettringen'''. Tan iyo Abriil 1, 1959 Bettringen waxay ka tirsan tahay Schwäbisch Gmünd. == Siyaasadda == ''[[Mayor|Ortsvorsteherin]]'' (reer-wakiilka) Bettringen waa Brigitte Weiß ([[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]). Golaha deegaanka wuxuu leeyahay 16 kuraas: 8 CDU, 4 [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]], 3 [[Alliance '90/The Greens]], 1 [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]. Afeey xubnood oo ka tirsan golaha deegaanka waa kuwo sidoo kale xubin ka ah golaha magaalada ee [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]]. Sidoo kale kuwo ka mid ah xubnaha golaha dhallinyarada magaalada waxay ka yimaadeen Bettringen ama iskuullada Bettringen (oo ay ku jirto Iskuulka Waxbarashada). == Diinta == [[File:St Cyriakus Kirche.jpg|thumb|St. Cyriakus]] Waqti dheer Bettringen waxay u badnayd [[Catholic Church|Ruumani Katoolik]]. Tan iyo guuritaankii ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida sidoo kale dadka Protestant-ka ah waxay yimaadeen Bettringen. Maanta ka badan 5000 oo dad katoolik ah waxay ku nool yihiin Bettringen gudaha kaniisadda St. Cyriakus. Waxaa ku yaal saddex kaniisadood oo Katoolik ah iyo kaniisad yar: * ''[[Cyriacus|Kaniisadda St. Cyriakus]]'', kaniisadda weyn * ''Kaniisadda St. Ottilia'', kaniisadda ugu dhex ee taariikhda * ''Kaniisadda Auferstehung-Christi'' (Kaniisadda Soolka Masiix) * ''Kaniisadda yar ee Felix'' Adeegyada Katoolikada waxaa la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar maalintii laga bilaabo Talaadada ilaa Axadda. Dhammaan kaniisadaha katoolikada waxay leeyihiin waxay ka kooban yihiin qalabka buansiga. Muhiimada ugu weyn ee ekumene waa adeegga sanadlaha ah ee ekumene, kaaso dhaca Pentekoste kasta mid ka mid ah labada kaniisadood. === Qalabka buansiga ee kaniisadda St. Cyriakus === '''Tuubooyinka, joogsiyada iyo safafka:''' {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse:collapse;" | style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan=2 | '''I Hauptwerk''' C–g³ ---- |- |Helltrompete || 8′ |- |Mixtur V-VI|| 2′ |- |Octave || 4′ |- |Principal || 8′ |- |Pommer || 16' |- |Rohrflöte || 8′ |- |Gemshorn|| 4′ |- |Nasatquinte || 2²/₃′ |- |Blockflöte || 2’ |- |Tremulant || |} | style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan=2 | '''II Schwellwerk''' C–g³ ---- |- |Dulcian|| 16′ |- |Scharffzimbel IV|| ²/₃′ |- |Italienisch Principal || 4′ |- |Rohrflöte || 8′ |- |Quintade || 8′ |- |Schwegel || 2′ |- |Terz || 1³/₅′ |- |Sifflöte || 1¹/₃′ |- |Tremulant |- |} | style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan=2 | '''III Rückpositiv''' C–g³ ---- |- |Largiot || 1¹/₃′ + 1' |- |Kleingedackt || 4′ |- |Gedackt || 8′ |- |Principal || 4′ |- |Oktave || 2′ |- |Scharff III || 1′ |- |Oboe || 8′ |- |Tremulant || |} | style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan=2 | '''Pedal''' C–f¹ ---- |- |Tromba || 8′ |- |Posaune|| 16′ |- |Hintersatz IV || ²/₃′ |- |Choralbass || 4′ + 2' |- |Oktavbass || 8′ |- |Subbass || 16′ |- |Zartbass || 16′ |- |Spitzgambe || 8′ |} |} == Dhaqanka == Bettringen waxay leedahay dhaqan taajir ah, iyadoo leh kooxo badan. Waxaa ku yaal noocyo kala duwan oo kooxo ah iyadoo la ka bilaabayo kooxda ciyaaraha ka dibna kooxda muusigga, kooxo badan oo diinta u gaar ah, ilaa kooxo gaar ah. Kooxuhu waxay habeynaan matalaadyo badan sannadka oo dhan, sida iidda kaniisadda ee Corpus Christi, oo ah iid kaniisadeed oo wada shaqayn la leh Laanta Laqayda Cas ee Jarmalka, kooxda muusigga, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. == Waxbarashada == Bettringen waxay leedahay iskuullo hoose oo badan iyo noocyo kala duwan oo iskuullo sare ah iyo [[School of education|Iskuulka Waxbarashada]] (''Paedagogische Hochschule''). Bettringen waxay leedahay [[Gymnasium (school)|iskuul sare oo heer sare ah]] ee loogu yeero '''Scheffold Gymnasium''' ka dib duqii hore ee Schwaebisch Gmuend; [[Realschule]] ee '''Adalbert-Stifter Realschule''', oo loogu magac daray [[Adalbert Stifter]]; iskuul hoose iyo [[Hauptschule]] ee loogu yeero '''Uhlandschule''' ka dib [[Ludwig Uhland]] iyo [[Waldorf education|Freie Waldorf Schule]] (''Iskuulka Xoriyadda ee Waldorf''). Gymnasium-ku wuxuu ka tirsan yahay bulshada ''Gmünder Gymnasien'' (bulshada iskuullada sare ee ku taal [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]]). == Hay'adaha == === Stiftung Haus Lindenhof === '''Stiftung Haus Lindenhof''' (''Hay'adda House Lindenhof'') waa hay'ad Katoolik ah oo loogu talagalay dadka [[Disability|naqaska ah]] iyo dadka [[Old age|waayeelka ah]]. === Balliga dibadda === '''Freibad Bettringen''' (''balliga dibadda ee Bettringen'') waa balli leh aagga dabaal-yahannada iyo kuwa aan dabaalan karin. === Oderstraße 8 === '''Oderstraße 8''' (jidka [[Oder]]) waa xarunta dhallinyarada, taas oo ay martigeliyaan kaniisadaha Katoolikada iyo Protestant-ka ee Bettringen. == Xiriirada dibadda == * [http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/99.php Seite der Stadt Schwäbisch Gmünd] ee Jarmalka * [http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/2366-Tourism-and-spare-time.html] ee Ingiriisi {{Authority control}} r8yy47tzxoxcgze4zv6fiv5nmm9llby 303935 303831 2026-08-03T00:58:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bettringen |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Bettringen COA.png |image_flag = |coordinates = {{coord|48|47|14|N|9|48|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bettringen-in-Schwäbisch-Gmünd.png |plantext = Goobta Bettringen ku leedahay Schwäbisch Gmünd dhexdeeda |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Ostalbkreis |Town = Schwäbisch Gmünd |type = Stadtteil |elevation = 350-549 |population = 8967 |population_as_of = 2014 |area = 10.86 |postal_code = 73529 |area_code = 07171 |mayor = Brigitte Weiß |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsvorsteherin |party = CDU |year = 1218 |website = http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/99.php |_noautocat = }} '''Bettringen''' waa ''[[Stadtteil]]'' ka tirsan [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Iyadoo leh qiyaastii 10,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah, waa xaafadda ugu weyn ee Schwäbisch Gmünd. == Juqraafiga == ''Strümpfelbach'' waxay u qaysisaa Bettringen qeybta sare (''Oberbettringen'') iyo qeybta hoose (''Unterbettringen''). Oberbettringen waxay u badan tahay inay ku taal dhanka amba waqooyi ee webiga, halka Unterbettringen ay ku taal dhanka koonfureed. ''Strümpfelbach'' waxay ku fureysaa [[Rems (river)|Rems]]. Xaafadaha deriska la ah ee Schwäbisch Gmünd waa Weiler in den Bergen, Hussenhofen, Schwäbisch Gmünd oo sax ah iyo Bargau. Bettringen waxay sidoo kale xudduud la leedahay degmada [[Waldstetten]]. Bettringen waxay 50&nbsp;km bariga ka xigtaa Stuttgart iyo cagtii buuraha [[Swabian Alps]]. == Taariikhda == Bettringen waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1218 ''buugga cas ee kaniisadda Lorch''. Qarnigii 15aad waxaa jiray xusidda ugu horreysay ee Oberbettringen iyo Unterbettringen. ''Madaxda Bettringen'' (''Herren von Bettringen'') waxaa lagu xusay dhowr shahaado oo ka mid ah qarnigii 13aad iyo 14aad. Tan iyo 1870 ''Unterbettringen'' waxay ka tirsanayd Oberbettringen. Sannadkii 1934 degmada waxaa loo bixiyay magaca Bettringen. Sannadkii 1934 golaha magaalada ee Oberbettringen wuxuu go'aansaday inuu magaciisa u beddelo '''Bettringen'''. Tan iyo Abriil 1, 1959 Bettringen waxay ka tirsan tahay Schwäbisch Gmünd. == Siyaasadda == ''[[Mayor|Ortsvorsteherin]]'' (reer-wakiilka) Bettringen waa Brigitte Weiß ([[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]). Golaha deegaanka wuxuu leeyahay 16 kuraas: 8 CDU, 4 [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]], 3 [[Alliance '90/The Greens]], 1 [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]. Afeey xubnood oo ka tirsan golaha deegaanka waa kuwo sidoo kale xubin ka ah golaha magaalada ee [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]]. Sidoo kale kuwo ka mid ah xubnaha golaha dhallinyarada magaalada waxay ka yimaadeen Bettringen ama iskuullada Bettringen (oo ay ku jirto Iskuulka Waxbarashada). == Diinta == [[File:St Cyriakus Kirche.jpg|thumb|St. Cyriakus]] Waqti dheer Bettringen waxay u badnayd [[Catholic Church|Ruumani Katoolik]]. Tan iyo guuritaankii ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida sidoo kale dadka Protestant-ka ah waxay yimaadeen Bettringen. Maanta ka badan 5000 oo dad katoolik ah waxay ku nool yihiin Bettringen gudaha kaniisadda St. Cyriakus. Waxaa ku yaal saddex kaniisadood oo Katoolik ah iyo kaniisad yar: * ''[[Cyriacus|Kaniisadda St. Cyriakus]]'', kaniisadda weyn * ''Kaniisadda St. Ottilia'', kaniisadda ugu dhex ee taariikhda * ''Kaniisadda Auferstehung-Christi'' (Kaniisadda Soolka Masiix) * ''Kaniisadda yar ee Felix'' Adeegyada Katoolikada waxaa la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar maalintii laga bilaabo Talaadada ilaa Axadda. Dhammaan kaniisadaha katoolikada waxay leeyihiin waxay ka kooban yihiin qalabka buansiga. Muhiimada ugu weyn ee ekumene waa adeegga sanadlaha ah ee ekumene, kaaso dhaca Pentekoste kasta mid ka mid ah labada kaniisadood. === Qalabka buansiga ee kaniisadda St. Cyriakus === '''Tuubooyinka, joogsiyada iyo safafka:''' {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse:collapse;" | style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan=2 | '''I Hauptwerk''' C–g³ ---- |- |Helltrompete || 8′ |- |Mixtur V-VI|| 2′ |- |Octave || 4′ |- |Principal || 8′ |- |Pommer || 16' |- |Rohrflöte || 8′ |- |Gemshorn|| 4′ |- |Nasatquinte || 2²/₃′ |- |Blockflöte || 2’ |- |Tremulant || |} | style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan=2 | '''II Schwellwerk''' C–g³ ---- |- |Dulcian|| 16′ |- |Scharffzimbel IV|| ²/₃′ |- |Italienisch Principal || 4′ |- |Rohrflöte || 8′ |- |Quintade || 8′ |- |Schwegel || 2′ |- |Terz || 1³/₅′ |- |Sifflöte || 1¹/₃′ |- |Tremulant |- |} | style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan=2 | '''III Rückpositiv''' C–g³ ---- |- |Largiot || 1¹/₃′ + 1' |- |Kleingedackt || 4′ |- |Gedackt || 8′ |- |Principal || 4′ |- |Oktave || 2′ |- |Scharff III || 1′ |- |Oboe || 8′ |- |Tremulant || |} | style="vertical-align:top" | {| border="0" | colspan=2 | '''Pedal''' C–f¹ ---- |- |Tromba || 8′ |- |Posaune|| 16′ |- |Hintersatz IV || ²/₃′ |- |Choralbass || 4′ + 2' |- |Oktavbass || 8′ |- |Subbass || 16′ |- |Zartbass || 16′ |- |Spitzgambe || 8′ |} |} == Dhaqanka == Bettringen waxay leedahay dhaqan taajir ah, iyadoo leh kooxo badan. Waxaa ku yaal noocyo kala duwan oo kooxo ah iyadoo la ka bilaabayo kooxda ciyaaraha ka dibna kooxda muusigga, kooxo badan oo diinta u gaar ah, ilaa kooxo gaar ah. Kooxuhu waxay habeynaan matalaadyo badan sannadka oo dhan, sida iidda kaniisadda ee Corpus Christi, oo ah iid kaniisadeed oo wada shaqayn la leh Laanta Laqayda Cas ee Jarmalka, kooxda muusigga, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. == Waxbarashada == Bettringen waxay leedahay iskuullo hoose oo badan iyo noocyo kala duwan oo iskuullo sare ah iyo [[School of education|Iskuulka Waxbarashada]] (''Paedagogische Hochschule''). Bettringen waxay leedahay [[Gymnasium (school)|iskuul sare oo heer sare ah]] ee loogu yeero '''Scheffold Gymnasium''' ka dib duqii hore ee Schwaebisch Gmuend; [[Realschule]] ee '''Adalbert-Stifter Realschule''', oo loogu magac daray [[Adalbert Stifter]]; iskuul hoose iyo [[Hauptschule]] ee loogu yeero '''Uhlandschule''' ka dib [[Ludwig Uhland]] iyo [[Waldorf education|Freie Waldorf Schule]] (''Iskuulka Xoriyadda ee Waldorf''). Gymnasium-ku wuxuu ka tirsan yahay bulshada ''Gmünder Gymnasien'' (bulshada iskuullada sare ee ku taal [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]]). == Hay'adaha == === Stiftung Haus Lindenhof === '''Stiftung Haus Lindenhof''' (''Hay'adda House Lindenhof'') waa hay'ad Katoolik ah oo loogu talagalay dadka [[Disability|naqaska ah]] iyo dadka [[Old age|waayeelka ah]]. === Balliga dibadda === '''Freibad Bettringen''' (''balliga dibadda ee Bettringen'') waa balli leh aagga dabaal-yahannada iyo kuwa aan dabaalan karin. === Oderstraße 8 === '''Oderstraße 8''' (jidka [[Oder]]) waa xarunta dhallinyarada, taas oo ay martigeliyaan kaniisadaha Katoolikada iyo Protestant-ka ee Bettringen. == Xiriirada dibadda == * [http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/99.php Seite der Stadt Schwäbisch Gmünd] {{Wayback|url=http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/99.php |date=20171223100615 }} ee Jarmalka * [http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/2366-Tourism-and-spare-time.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.schwaebisch-gmuend.de/2366-Tourism-and-spare-time.html |date=20160727232445 }} ee Ingiriisi {{Authority control}} 0qzkbcc759xfdrewg28dqvmu5krslwi 0 49932 303832 2026-08-02T13:45:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Betzendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|08|N|10|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Betzendorf in LG.svg |state = |district = Lüneburg |Samtgemeinde = Amelinghausen |elevation = 70 |area = 32.71 |postal_code = 21386 |area_code = 04138 |licence = LG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 008 |divisions = 4 |mayor = Carsten Müller }} '''Betzendorf''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Lüneburg (district)|gobolka Lüneburg]], oo ku taal [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7lcwgcw4wwuzp4cdx8h80drub91vv6s 0 49933 303833 2026-08-02T13:47:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Betzenstein COA.svg |image_photo = Betzenstein.jpg |image_caption = Betzenstein |coordinates = {{coord|49|40|49|N|11|25|04|E|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Betzenstein in BT.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Bayreuth |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Betzenstein |elevation = 511 |area = 51.84 |postal_code = 91282 |area_code = 09244 |licence = BT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 72 118 |website = [http://www.betzenstein.de/ www.betzenstein.de] |mayor = Claus Meyer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Betzenstein''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛtsn̩ˌʃtaɪn|-|De-Betzenstein.ogg}}) waa [[Town#Germany|magaalo]] ka tirsan [[Bayreuth (district)|gobolka Bayreuth]], oo ku taal [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal [[Franconian Switzerland]], 35&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Nuremberg]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} kf0exyncz4kb5jrewxqtmy2w922rqux 0 49934 303834 2026-08-02T13:49:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Betzenweiler.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|7|2|N|9|34|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Betzenweiler in BC.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Biberach |elevation = 579 |area = 9.68 |postal_code = 88422 |area_code = 07374 |licence = BC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 26 020 |website = [http://www.betzenweiler.de/ www.betzenweiler.de] |mayor = Tobias Wäscher<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 11 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 }} '''Betzenweiler''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛtsn̩vaɪlɐ}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Biberach (district)|Biberach]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], oo ku taal koonfur-galbeed [[Jarmalka]]. Badkeedu oo ah {{convert|9.7|km2|sqmi|adj=on}} wuxuu u dhexeeyaa dooxada [[Federsee]] iyo buurta [[Bussen]], oo ah buurta ugu weyn ee bartamaha [[Swabia]]. Luuqada rasmiga ah waa Jarmal, laakiin wadahadallada maalmeed ee ka dhex dhaca dhowrka qof ee deegaanka oo dhan waa [[Swabian German|lahjadda Swabian-ka]]. Haddii loo eego cabbirkeeda oo ah dhanka 713{{clarify|date=June 2018}} Betzenweiler waxay leedahay kiimiko/warshad weyn iyo kuwo ka badan kuwa dibadda u adeega ee gudaha u adeega. Waxaa ku yaal qiyaastii 15 shirkadood oo waaweyn, kuwo leh ka badan 200 oo shaqaale ah, iyo kuwo yar oo badan. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mbcgp5xtm8mdb0jgqlktdaywl600of5 0 49935 303835 2026-08-02T13:51:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Betzigau COA.svg |image_photo = St. Afra (Betzigau) 01.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Afra |coordinates = {{coord|47|44|N|10|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Betzigau in OA.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Oberallgäu |elevation = 728 |area = 29.27 |postal_code = 87488 |area_code = 0831 |licence = OA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 80 114 |mayor = Roland Helfrich<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [http://www.betzigau.de www.betzigau.de] }} '''Betzigau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛtsiɡaʊ}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Oberallgäu]] oo ku taal [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. Joogga tuulada wuxuu ka dhaxeeyaa 709 m oo ka sarreeya heerka badda ilaa 946 m. Betzigau waxay ku taal khadka tareenka ee Buchloe–Lindau. == Horumarka Dadweynaha == Laga soo bilaabo 1988 ilaa 2008 Betzigau waxay ku korortay 440 degane, ama 19 %. Dhaxeeyadii 1988 iyo 2018 tuuladu waxay ka korortay 2320 ilaa 2926 oo ah 606 degane, ama 26,1 %. Tirakoobka soo socdaa wuxuu u muuqdaa xaaladda dhulka ee Maajo 25, 1987. {| class="wikitable" width=660 |- ! colspan="15" | Horumarka Dadweynaha |- bgcolor="#FFD39B" align=center | align=left | '''Sannadka''' || 1840 || 1900 || 1939 || 1950 || 1961 || 1970 || 1987 || 1991 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2010 || 2015 |- align=center | align=left | '''Deganayaasha''' || 1092 || 1265 || 1319 || 1747 || 1648 || 1803 || 2280 || 2499 || 2637 || 2775 || 2830 || 2747 || 2845 |- |} == Siyaasadda == Roland Helfrich waa duqa degmada Betzigau. Dakhliga cashuurta degmada ee 2017 wuxuu ahaa €2,841,000. Sidoo kale, €606,000 waxay ahaayeen dakhliga ka yimid cashuurta ganacsiga. == Taallooyinka Dhulka == <gallery> Kempten - Sterklings - Betzigau - Kirche v NW.JPG|Betzigau Haldenwang, OA - Wagegg - Betzigau, Herbst.jpg|Betzigau oo ka tiirta waqooyi-galbeed Betzigau - Unterhalden - Hauptmannsgreut, Hohe Schulter.JPG|Hauptmannsgreut Betzigau - Hauptmannsgreut Ri Hochgreut 230414.JPG|Hochgreut (920 m) Betzigau - Hauptmannsgreut, Hohe Schulter v NW, dunkle Wolken.JPG|Hohe Schulter (941 m) Betzigau - Kaisersmad Nr 7 v O 201013.JPG|Kaisersmad Betzigau - Leiterberg Nr 70 v S.JPG|Leiterberg 70 Aerial image of Notzenweiher (view from the south).jpg|Notzenweiher Betzigau - Ruine Schönberg v SW.JPG|Ruine Schönberg Betzigau - Stein Nr 1 v O.JPG|Stein Betzigau - Hochgreut - Kühe, Unterhalden.JPG|Unterhalden </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} oonh8uijknld2q9mrxtq7iymzichemp 0 49936 303836 2026-08-02T13:52:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | name = Beuel | type = Borough | City = Bonn | image_photo = Bonn Rhein und Köln.jpg | image_caption = Beuel oo ku taal xeebta webiga [[Rhine]] | image_coa = Wappen-bezirk-beuel.svg | image_plan = Bonn Stadtbezirk Beuel.svg | plantext = Beuel oo ku dhex taal Bonn | state = | regbzk = Cologne | district = urban | population = 67827 | population_as_of = 2020-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www2.bonn.de/statistik/dl/ews/Bevoelkerungsstatistik2020.pdf |title=Bevölkerung in der Bundesstadt Bonn Stichtag 31.12.2020|publisher=Bundesstadt Bonn Statistikstelle|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> | area = 33.2 | elevation = 54 | coordinates = {{coord|50|44|0|N|07|7|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = | area_code = 0228 | licence = BN | mayor = | Bürgermeistertitel = Borough mayor | party = | website = }} '''Beuel''' ([[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]: ''Büel'') waa xaafad magaalo (''[[Stadtbezirk]]'') oo ka tirsan [[Bonn]], Jarmalka. Waxay leedahay dadweyne dhan 67,827 (2020). ==Qeeybaha hoose== Beuel waxay ka kooban tahay xaafadaha hoose ee Beuel-Mitte, Beuel-Ost, Geislar, Hoholz, Holtorf, Holzlar, Küdinghoven, Limperich, Oberkassel, Pützchen/Bechlinghoven, Ramersdorf, Schwarzrheindorf/Vilich-Rheindorf, Vilich iyo Vilich-Müldorf. ==Magaalooyinka la mataanka ah – magaalooyinka walaala xiga== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Beuel waxay [[Sister city|mataano]] la tahay:<ref>{{cite web |title=Städtepartnerschaft mit Mirecourt.|url=https://www.bonn.de/bonn-erleben/besichtigen-entdecken/staedtepartnerschaft-beuel.php|website=bonn.de|publisher=Bonn|language=de|access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mirecourt]], Faransiiska (1969) ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ald1jokb1phj1i9kkm857ul0m29vpit 0 49937 303837 2026-08-02T13:54:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Kloster Beuron 2009 Blick von Nordwesten.jpg |image_caption = [[Beuron Archabbey|Macabadka Beuron]] |image_coa = DEU Beuron COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|3|1|N|8|58|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Karte Beuron.png |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Sigmaringen |elevation = 625 |area = 35.11 |postal_code = 88631 |area_code = 07466 |licence = SIG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 37 005 |divisions = 5 |website = [http://www.beuron.de/ www.beuron.de] |mayor = Hans-Peter Wolf<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-beuron-2024/ Oberbürgermeisterwahl Bürgermeisterwahl Beuron 2024], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;32 |party = }} '''Beuron''' ([[Swabian German|Swabian]]: ''Beira'') waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Sigmaringen (district)|Sigmaringen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Beuron waxay ku caan tahay [[Beuron Archabbey|Macabadka Beuron]] iyo [[Beuron Art School|Iskuulka Fanka ee Beuron]] ee fanka diinta. ==Juqraafiga== Beuron waxay u qaysantaa xaafado hoose ({{langx|de|Ortsteile}}): * Hausen im Donautal * Langenbrunn * [[Neidingen]] * Thiergarten ==Duqayda magaalada== * 1979–1995: Fidel Matthias Fischer * 1995–1998: Arndt Neff * 1998–2000: Gerhard Huhn (ku-meel-gaar) * 2000–2003: Herbert Bucher * 2003–2011: Robert Rauser * 2011–2024: Raphael Osmakowski-Miller<ref>Hermann-Peter Steinmüller (hps): ''Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen bleibt aus.'' In: ''[[Südkurier]]'' vom 21. Juni 2011</ref><ref name="Einsetzung">''Chefwechsel im Beuroner Rathaus''. In: ''Südkurier'' vom 4. September 2011</ref> * tan iyo 2024: Hans-Peter Wolf ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirada dibadda== {{Commons category-inline|Beuron}} * [http://www.beuron.de/ Webka rasmiga ah ee degmada Beuron] * [http://themenpark-umwelt.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/11919/?path=4422;6277;10830; Themenpark Umwelt] {{Authority control}} hwudwxesu0wfbxa7jia7t4vxvujm03i 0 49938 303838 2026-08-02T13:56:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Bexbachaussicht.jpg |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Bexbach COA.svg |image_flag=Flag of Bexbach.svg|coordinates = {{coord|49|20|58|N|7|15|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bexbach in HOM.svg |state = |district = Saarpfalz |elevation = 249 |area = 31.09 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 10045111 |postal_code = 66441–66450 |area_code = 06826 |licence = HOM |website = [http://www.bexbach.de www.bexbach.de] |mayor = Christian Prech<ref>[https://www.saarland.de/stat/DE/_downloads/aktuelleTabellen/Wahlen/Direktwahlen/Gew%C3%A4hlte_B%C3%BCrgermeister_und_Landr%C3%A4te_im_Saarland.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=11 Gewählte Ober-/Bürgermeister*innen, Landrät*innen und Regionalverbandsdirektor*in im Saarland], Statistisches Amt des Saarlandes, 27 March 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Bexbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɛksˌbax|-|De-Bexbach.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Saarpfalz]], ee [[Saarland]], Jarmalka. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Blies]], qiyaastii 6&nbsp;km bariga ka xigta [[Neunkirchen, Saarland|Neunkirchen]], iyo 25&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Saarbrücken]]. [[Saarländisches Bergbaumuseum]] (Madxafka Macdanta ee Saarland) wuxuu ku yaal magaalada. == wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada == * Edwin Hügel (1919-1988), siyaasi (FDP), wasiirka dhaqaalaha, gaadiidka iyo beeraha ee Golaha Zeyer II (1982-1983) * [[Gerd Dudenhöffer]] (dhashay 1949), majaajiliiste iyo qoraa == Xiriirada caalamiga ah == {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Bexbach waxay [[town twinning|mataano]] la tahay: *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Edenkoben]], Jarmalka, tan iyo 1936 *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Goshen, Indiana|Goshen]], Mareykanka, tan iyo 1979 *{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Pornichet]], Faransiiska, tan iyo 1985 == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirada dibadda == {{Commons category|Bexbach}} *[http://www.bexbach.de http://www.bexbach.de] {{Authority control}} 7uuuw5653u7o8w7ppnuyr99fzqgzp67 0 49939 303839 2026-08-02T13:58:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsteil |Municipality = Loxstedt |image_coa = Wappen Bexhövede.png |image_photo = |image_caption = |image_plan = CUX-Loxstedt-Bexhövede.svg |plantext = Goobta Loxstedt ku leedahay dhexdeeda |coordinates = {{coord|53|29|N|8|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = Cuxhaven |elevation = 12 |area = 12.34 |postal_code = 27612 |area_code = 04703 |licence = |website = http://www.bexhövede.de |population = 2285 |Stand = 2020-12-31 }} '''Bexhövede''' waa tuulo ka tirsan gobolka [[Cuxhaven (district)|Cuxhaven]] ee [[Lower Saxony]], Jarmalka taas oo la raaciyay degmada [[Loxstedt]] sannadkii 1974. Waxay si weyn uga caan tahay inay tahay meeshii ay ka soo jeedday [[Buxhoeveden family|qoyska sharafta leh ee Buxhoeveden]]. Dadkeeda sida ku xusan tirakoobkii 2011 waa 2,100 degane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bexhövede (Cuxhaven, Lower Saxony, Germany) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/germany/settlements/niedersachsen/cuxhaven/03352032x0G1V__bexh%C3%B6vede/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> ==Magaca== Magaca "Bexhövede" wuxuu ka yimid [[Old Saxon|Jarmalkii Hore]] ee "Buxhoevede" oo micnahiisu yahay "asalka durdurka" ama "isha biyaha."<ref>[http://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/ortsnamenforscher103_page-3.html Der ''Ortsnamenforscher'' auf NDR 1 Niedersachsen (The "Place Name Researcher" on Radio NDR 1, Niedersachsen)]. Jürgen Udolph.&nbsp;– in German</ref> Bek, ama durdurka uu magaca ka helay Bexhövede wuxuu ku yaal xarriiq ee ah qaybta sare ee astaanta magaalada. Qaybta hoose ee [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|astaanta]] waxay ka yimid astaanta qoyska Buxhoeveden.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bexhoeve.de/ |title=Wappen des Landkreises Wesermünde, 1973. |access-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302113700/http://www.bexhoeve.de/ |archive-date=2018-03-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Dadka caanka ah ee deegaanka== * [[Albert of Riga]] (c.1165–1229), Aasaasihii [[Riga]], dhisaha kaniisadda weyn ee magaalada, kii saddexaad ee [[Archbishopric of Riga|Bishobka Riga]] ee [[Livonia]]. Aasaasihii [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] * [[Hermann of Dorpat]] (1163–1248) Bishobkii ugu horreeyay ee [[Bishopric of Dorpat]] ee ku dhex jira Isbahaysiga Livonian ==Eeg sidoo kale== *[[Buxhoeveden family]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirada dibadda == *[http://www.loxstedt.de/leben-in-loxstedt/die-ortschaften/bexhoevede/ueber-bexhoevede.1159.de.html Taariikhda Bulshada]&nbsp;– ee Jarmal {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bexhovede}} 9bq6y5ocswxa8c8usf78ulcsu3brj20 303936 303839 2026-08-03T01:00:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsteil |Municipality = Loxstedt |image_coa = Wappen Bexhövede.png |image_photo = |image_caption = |image_plan = CUX-Loxstedt-Bexhövede.svg |plantext = Goobta Loxstedt ku leedahay dhexdeeda |coordinates = {{coord|53|29|N|8|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = Cuxhaven |elevation = 12 |area = 12.34 |postal_code = 27612 |area_code = 04703 |licence = |website = http://www.bexhövede.de |population = 2285 |Stand = 2020-12-31 }} '''Bexhövede''' waa tuulo ka tirsan gobolka [[Cuxhaven (district)|Cuxhaven]] ee [[Lower Saxony]], Jarmalka taas oo la raaciyay degmada [[Loxstedt]] sannadkii 1974. Waxay si weyn uga caan tahay inay tahay meeshii ay ka soo jeedday [[Buxhoeveden family|qoyska sharafta leh ee Buxhoeveden]]. Dadkeeda sida ku xusan tirakoobkii 2011 waa 2,100 degane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bexhövede (Cuxhaven, Lower Saxony, Germany) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/germany/settlements/niedersachsen/cuxhaven/03352032x0G1V__bexh%C3%B6vede/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> ==Magaca== Magaca "Bexhövede" wuxuu ka yimid [[Old Saxon|Jarmalkii Hore]] ee "Buxhoevede" oo micnahiisu yahay "asalka durdurka" ama "isha biyaha."<ref>[http://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/ortsnamenforscher103_page-3.html Der ''Ortsnamenforscher'' auf NDR 1 Niedersachsen (The "Place Name Researcher" on Radio NDR 1, Niedersachsen)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/ortsnamenforscher103_page-3.html |date=20161203020501 }}. Jürgen Udolph.&nbsp;– in German</ref> Bek, ama durdurka uu magaca ka helay Bexhövede wuxuu ku yaal xarriiq ee ah qaybta sare ee astaanta magaalada. Qaybta hoose ee [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|astaanta]] waxay ka yimid astaanta qoyska Buxhoeveden.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bexhoeve.de/ |title=Wappen des Landkreises Wesermünde, 1973. |access-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302113700/http://www.bexhoeve.de/ |archive-date=2018-03-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Dadka caanka ah ee deegaanka== * [[Albert of Riga]] (c.1165–1229), Aasaasihii [[Riga]], dhisaha kaniisadda weyn ee magaalada, kii saddexaad ee [[Archbishopric of Riga|Bishobka Riga]] ee [[Livonia]]. Aasaasihii [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] * [[Hermann of Dorpat]] (1163–1248) Bishobkii ugu horreeyay ee [[Bishopric of Dorpat]] ee ku dhex jira Isbahaysiga Livonian ==Eeg sidoo kale== *[[Buxhoeveden family]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirada dibadda == *[http://www.loxstedt.de/leben-in-loxstedt/die-ortschaften/bexhoevede/ueber-bexhoevede.1159.de.html Taariikhda Bulshada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.loxstedt.de/leben-in-loxstedt/die-ortschaften/bexhoevede/ueber-bexhoevede.1159.de.html |date=20160304085655 }}&nbsp;– ee Jarmal {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bexhovede}} hropt53zic114clx3fl8y77nwcn0cod 0 49940 303840 2026-08-02T14:00:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | name = Bezgenriet | type = Stadtteil | Town = Göppingen | image_coa = DEU Bezgenriet COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|48|40|5|N|9|36|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Göppingen | elevation = 361 | area = 5.46 | population = 1580 |population_as_of = 2011 |pop_ref = <ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/de/germany/settlements/badenwurttemberg/g%C3%B6ppingen/08117026x04G3__bezgenriet/ Bezgenriet], citypopulation.de, accessed 27 September 2021.</ref> | postal_code = 73035 | area_code = 07161 | image_plan = Gpbezirk bezgenriet.png | plantext = Goobta Bezgenriet ku leedahay magaalada Göppingen dhexdeeda }} '''Bezgenriet''' (361 m ka sarreeya heerka badda) waa xaafadda ugu koonfursan ee [[Göppingen]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Schopflenberg, oo la dhisay ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida]] sababtoo ah kordhinta soo flujo ee qaxootiga iyo dadka soo barakacay, waxay ka tirsan tahay ''[[Stadtteil]]'' Bezgenriet . == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 1110, [[Konrad II, Count of Württemberg]] wuxuu siiyay qaybo ka mid ah ''Pathicenriedt'' kaniisadda [[Blaubeuren Abbey]], taasina waxay calaamad u tahay xusiddii ugu horreysay ee magaca dambe ee Bezgenriet. Meeshu waxay 1477 ka tirsan tahay Xafiiska Göppingen. Taariikhda 1 Oktoobar 1957 Bezgenriet waxaa la raaciyay xaafad ahaan Göppingen. == Gaadiidka == Bezgenriet waxay ku xiran tahay jidka gobolka 1419 dhanka galbeed ilaa [[Hattenhofen (Württemberg)|Hattenhofen]] iyo Schopflenberg, iyo dhanka bariga ilaa [[Heiningen]]. Jidka ''[[Hohenstaufen|Staufer]]'' (''Straße der Staufer'') wuxuu maraa sida jidka gobolka 1214 iyada oo maraysa Bezgenriet, oo hal dhinac u socota [[Jebenhausen]] oo dhanka kale u socota [[Bad Boll|Boll]]. Goobta isku xirka ee [[Aichelberg]] ee [[Bundesautobahn 8]] waxay ku taa masaafo qiyaastii 8 kiilometir ah. Xarumo-tareen ee ugu dhow waa Göppingen iyo Faurndau. == Goobaha Soo Jiidashada == ''Kaniisadda Laurentius'' waxaa la dhisay 1405 waxaana loo yaqaanaa sawirada [[fresco]]es ee [[Last Judgement|Maalinta Qiyaame]]. Sawirada waxaa la helay ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida]] intii lagu jiray shaqada cusbooneysiinta. Kaniisadda Katoolikada ee ''Herz-Jesu-Kirche'' waxay ku taal Schopflenberg. == Suugaanta == * ''Der Kreis Göppingen.'' Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, {{ISBN|3-8062-0374-1}}. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirada dibadda == * {{Wikisource-inline| :de:Beschreibung des Oberamts Göppingen/Kapitel B 4 | Degmada Betzgenried ee sharraxaadda Oberamts Göppingen 1844}} {{Authority control}} 00ld6kp14q3ixsj9dc7alsr77y3qans 0 49941 303841 2026-08-02T14:02:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bibertal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|24|N|10|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bibertal in GZ.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Günzburg |elevation = 495 |area = 27.3 |postal_code = 89346 |area_code = 08226 |licence = GZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 74 119 |mayor = Roman Gepperth<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|https://www.bibertal.de}} }} '''Bibertal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbiːbɐtaːl}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Günzburg (district)|Günzburg]] oo ku taal [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirada dibadda== *[https://www.bibertal.de/ Webka rasmiga ah] {{Authority control}} aktgmueamnc57it45pvxsem89yqxl44 0 49942 303842 2026-08-02T14:03:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|46|N|11|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bibow_in_NWM 2011.svg |image_photo = Dorfkirche-bibow02.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada ee xagga sare ee Bibow |state = |district = Nordwestmecklenburg |Amt = Neukloster-Warin |elevation = 18 |area = 23.12 |postal_code = 19417 |area_code = 038482 |licence = NWM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 74 006 |divisions = 5 |website = {{url|https://www.amt-neukloster-warin.de}} |mayor = Dettlef Lukat }} '''Bibow''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Nordwestmecklenburg]], oo ku taal [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} icoay7dwv2kn63961om0fvijc0585aa 0 49943 303843 2026-08-02T14:05:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Biburg |image_coa = DEU Biburg COA.svg |image_photo = Biburg Lkr Kelheim ehem Klosterkirche.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisaddii hore ee macabadka [[Immaculate Mary|Immaculate Mary]] |coordinates = {{coord|48|48|N|11|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Biburg in KEH.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Kelheim |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Siegenburg |elevation = 376 |area = 14.2 |postal_code = 93354 |area_code = 09444 (Dürnhart, Perka) 09443 (Biburg, Etzenbach, Rappersdorf, Altdürnbuch) |licence = KEH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 73 119 |website = [https://www.gemeinde-biburg.de/ www.gemeinde-biburg.de] |mayor = Bettina Danner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Biburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbiːbʊʁk}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Kelheim (district)|Kelheim]] oo ku taal [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} kgvxjuu8x57rxn416onutvgezix6c3a 0 49944 303844 2026-08-02T14:07:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Bichl.svg |image_photo = Bichl Rathaus.JPG |image_caption = Aqalka hoose ee magaalada |coordinates = {{coord|47|43|14|N|11|24|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bichl in TÖL.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Benediktbeuern |elevation = 625 |area = 13.92 |postal_code = 83673 |area_code = 08857 |licence = TÖL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 73 115 |website = {{url|https://www.bichl.de/}} |mayor = Benedikt Pössenbacher<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Bichl''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]] ee [[Bavaria]], Jarmalka. Waxay ku taal {{Coord|47|43|N|11|25|E|region:DE_type:city(2000)}}, waxayna leedahay qiyaastii 2000 oo degane. Tuulada markii ugu horreysay waxay ku soo muuqatay dukumiintiyada sannadkii 1048. Magaca "Bichl" wuxuu u muuqdaa toos buurta ay ku taal kaniisadda tuulada, St. George. Kaniisadda waxaa dhisay Johann Michael Fischer. Asalka magaca Bichl wuxuu ka yimid wejiga Bavarian-ka ee buurta "Bühel" oo ku soo muuqda magacyo badan oo meelo ah, meelaha lagaga sheekeysto afafka [[Austro-Bavarian]]. Tusaale ahaan: [[Kitzbühel]]. ==Gaadiidka== Degmada waxay leedahay xarun tareen, {{stn|Bichl}}, ee [[Kochelsee Railway]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} du77p495m3nu9gjzvypi7mz7sj9ogza 0 49945 303845 2026-08-02T14:08:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = A60Eifel.jpg |image_caption = |image_coa = Wappen Bickendorf.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|2|04|N|6|30|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bickendorf in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Bitburger Land |elevation = 299 |area = 5.49 |postal_code = 54636 |area_code = 06569 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 014 |website = [http://www.bickendorf.org/ www.bickendorf.org] |mayor = Dietmar Tures<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bickendorf''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3ubdn5rwb1adn1oskq3hn7d1xk8zu64 0 49946 303846 2026-08-02T14:10:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bidingen COA.svg |image_skyline = Bidingen - Hasenberg - Bidingen v O, SoUg 01.JPG |image_caption = Bidingen oo ka muuqata bariga |coordinates = {{coord|47|50|N|10|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bidingen in OAL.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Ostallgäu |elevation = 768 |area = 36.31 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09777118 |postal_code = 87651 |area_code = 08348 |licence = OAL FÜS MOD |mayor = Franz Martin<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [http://www.bidingen.de www.bidingen.de] }} '''Bidingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbiːdɪŋən}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ostallgäu]] oo ku taal [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Meelaha ku yaal degmada == ;''Gemarkungen'' *Bernbach *Bidingen ;kuwa kale *Geblatsried *Geislatsried *Königsried *[[Ob, Germany|Ob]] *Tremmelschwang *Weiler *Ämbisried *Ruderatsried *Ebenried *Korbsee *Langweid *Etzlensberg == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 93tylp5g6op5km90n9qrtyqrsi3dbmh 0 49947 303847 2026-08-02T14:12:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Biebelnheim.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|47|48|N|8|10|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Biebelnheim in AZ.svg |state = |district = Alzey-Worms |Verbandsgemeinde = Alzey-Land |elevation = 147 |area = 6.20 |postal_code = 55234 |area_code = 06733 |licence = AZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 31 010 |mayor = Petra Bade<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Alzey-Worms], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = | website = https://www.gemeinde-biebelnheim.de/ }} '''Biebelnheim''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – oo ah [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal gobolka [[Alzey-Worms]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Rhenish Hesse]]. Maadaama ay tahay xituun ka mid ah xarruntaha [[winegrowing|wax-soo-saarka khamriga]], Biebelnheim waxay ku taal degmada ugu weyn wax-soo-saarka khamriga ee Jarmalka, oo ku dhex taal [[Rheinhessen (wine region)|Rhenish Hesse]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Alzey-Land|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Alzey-Land]], oo xarrunteedu ku taal [[Alzey]]. Magaalada ugu dhow waa [[Alzey]] (6&nbsp;km), halka 30&nbsp;km oo loo jiro caasimadda [[States of Germany|gobolka]], ee [[Mainz]], ay si fudud loogu gooyo jidka ah [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 63|A&nbsp;63]]. === Degmooyinka la deriska ah === Deriska Biebelnheim waa [[Albig]], [[Bechtolsheim]], [[Gabsheim]], [[Gau-Odernheim]], iyo [[Spiesheim]]. == Taariikhda == Degmada, oo mar loo yaqaannay ''Bibilinsheim'', ee ku taal meel taag ah, waxay leedahay muuqaal qurxoon iyo qaab miyi ah. Waxaa la sheegaa in tuuggii iyo dambiyadii la fogaaday ee [[Schinderhannes]] (Johannes Bückler) uu mar meel dhuumasho ah ku lahaa halkan. Waqti u dhaxeeya 1382 iyo 1384, [[Electoral Palatinate]] waxay helay [[Vogtei|''Vogtei'']], sida ay sidoo kale helayn milkiilayaasha [[Archbishopric of Mainz|Electoral Mainz]] sannadkii 1391. Ka dib markii loo wareejiyay laanta Zweibrücken sannadkii 1410, meeshu waxay mar kale dib ugu soo laabatay gacanta Palatinate sannadkii 1470. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha deegaanka === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaa ah, oo uu guddoomiye ka yahay maayarka sharafka leh. Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 June 2009 waxay bixisay natiijooyinkan soo socda:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3310101000.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="400" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center" | || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || Diel || Rick || '''Wadarta''' |- align="center" | 2009 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 12 kursi |} === Maayarka === * 1999–2014: Gabriele Holla ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]) * tan iyo 2014: Petra Bade (WiB) === Astaanta === [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa loo sharraxi karaa sida: Argent amaan ah oo leh lix wareeg oo gules ah oo ku xeeran inescutcheon loo qaybiyay fess sable leedahay demi-lion rampant Or oo hubeysan, langued iyo crowned ah ta labaad, iyo bendy lozengy argent iyo azure. == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la booqdo == === Muusiga === * ''Evangelischer Posaunenchor Biebelnheim'' (kooxda tromboonka ee [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]]) * ''Gesangverein Harmonie Biebelnheim'' (naadiga caadiga ah ee heesaha) * [[The Beatles|Beatles]] Museum “Little Cavern” (milkiilaha: Mathias Spang) === Dhismayaasha === *Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Katoolikada]] waxay leedahay Hooyada Ilaah ee qurxoon oo ku taal meesha allabariga sare, oo ka timid qiyaastii 1470 kuna tusinaysa saamaynta Upper-Rhenish. *''Hofhaus'' (aqalka guriga) ka yimid waqtigii ay qoyska Bolanden ahaayeen milkiilayaasha dhulka. === Cayaaraha === * ''TuS 1848 Biebelnheim e.&nbsp;V.'' (naadiga jimicsiga iyo cayaaraha) * ''Tanz-und Jazzgymnastikverein Biebelnheim und Umgebung e.&nbsp;V.'' (naadiga cayaaraha qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo djazz jimicsiga) * ''Gymnastikverein 1991 Biebelnheim'' (naadiga jimicsiga) == Dhaqaalaha iyo kabayaasha == === Gaadiidka === Isku xirka gaadiidka waxaa loo sheegi karaa mid aad u wanaagsan iyada oo la eegayo cabbirka Biebelnheim. Jidka [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 63|A&nbsp;63]] waxaa si bir ah looga gaari karaa meesha isku xirka ee Biebelnheim [[interchange (road)|interchange]] iyo sidoo kale, iyada oo maraysa meesha dhow ee ''Autobahnkreuz Alzey'' (“Alzey Autobahn Cross”). Jidka [[Bundesautobahn 61|A&nbsp;61]] wuxuu jiraa qiyaastii 10&nbsp;km oo kaliya. Biebelnheim dhexdeeda, xaaladda gaadiidka jidka waxay u muuqataa mid caqabad ku ah, maadaama degmadu aysan lahayn jid wareeg ah oo ay isticmaasho, oo wadayaasha ka socda degmooyinka la deriska ah ee Gau-Odernheim iyo Bechtolsheim waa inay dhex maraan Biebelnheim si ay u gaaraan Autobahnen ee kor ku xusan. Kordhinta gaadiidka baabuurta waaweyn ee dhex mara waddooyinka cidhiidhiga ah ee degmada waxay dhaliyay dadaal shacab oo ujeedadiisu tahay in loo raadiyo dhismaha jid wareeg ah, iyo sidoo kale jidka buskudka oo u socda Gau-Odernheim. Muraadka weyneynta jidka weyn waxaa loo qorsheeyay inuu dhaco sannadkii 2009.<ref>[http://www.allgemeine-zeitung.de/region/objekt.php3?artikel_id=3427860 Ausbau der Hauptstraße rückt in Sicht – Lange ersehntes Biebelnheimer Projekt im Bauprogramm des Landes für 2009 enthalten] in der Rhein Main Presse vom 10.&nbsp;September 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.allgemeine-zeitung.de/region/objekt.php3?artikel_id=3428282 Kommentar: Weiter dicke Bretter bohren] Rhein Main Presse vom 10.&nbsp;September 2008</ref> === Ganacsiyada dhisan === Biebelnheim dhexdeeda waxaa ka jira dhawr meelood oo soo saara khamriga iyo sidoo kale ganacsiyo kale oo beeraha ah, dubo, laba ganacsi oo taayirada ah, ganacsi baabuurta ah iyo ganacsi [[Travel trailer|caravan]]-ka ah. === Sandaaqadaha dowladda === Degmada waxay leedahay hal [[kindergarten|xanaanada carruurta]] iyo dab-demiska iskood u xilsaaray ee Biebelnheim. Carruurta dugsiga waxay aadaan [[primary school|dugsiga hoose]] ee Bechtolsheim ama [[secondary school|dugsiga sare]] ee Gau-Odernheim, Alzey ama Wörrstadt. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} jn4i8crnjbmxrns7jozloj21vuzcs18 0 49948 303848 2026-08-02T14:14:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Biebelried COA.svg |image_photo = Biebelried, Katholische Pfarrkirche St. Johannis Enthauptung, 004.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda [[Beheading of Saint John the Baptist|Madax-ka-jariddii Sant Yooxanaa Baabtismaaha]] |coordinates = {{coord|49|46|N|10|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Biebelried in KT.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Kitzingen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Kitzingen |elevation = 277 |area = 22.70 |postal_code = 97318 |area_code = 09302 |licence = KT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 75 113 |website = {{url|https://www.biebelried.de/}} |mayor = Roland Hoh<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Biebelried''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Kitzingen (district)|Kitzingen]] oo ku taal [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} obwq4tcyzbbco879dx0wesera345awj 0 49949 303849 2026-08-02T14:16:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bieberehren COA.svg |image_photo = Bieberehren rathaus.jpg |image_caption = Aqalka hoose ee magaalada |coordinates = {{coord|49|30|56|N|10|0|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bieberehren in WÜ.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Würzburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Röttingen |elevation = 248 |area = 14.83 |postal_code = 97243 |area_code = 09338 |licence = WÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 79 118 |mayor = Engelbert Zobel<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW |website = {{url|http://www.bieberehren.de/}} }} '''Bieberehren''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Würzburg (district)|Würzburg]] oo ku taal [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Tauber]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} 8xlkv3tgetbp80bc8imm2e827r7ic5g 0 49950 303850 2026-08-02T14:18:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Biebertal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|N|08|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Landkreis Gießen Biebertal.png | image_photo = Gleiberger Land (001).JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = |state = |region = Gießen |district = Gießen |elevation = 194 |area = 43.94 |postal_code = 35444 |area_code = 06409, 06446 |licence = GI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 31 002 |website = [https://www.biebertal.de/ www.biebertal.de] |mayor = Patricia Ortmann<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;23 |party = parteilos }} '''Biebertal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbiːbɐtaːl}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Gießen (district)|Gießen]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay 7&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigtaa [[Gießen]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} kvkeq9ccfmua8oplz7n9cu02rplvzj2 0 49951 303851 2026-08-02T14:21:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Biederbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|11|40|N|8|1|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Biederbach in EM.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Emmendingen |elevation = 423 |area = 31.36 |postal_code = 79215 |area_code = 07682 |licence = EM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 16 003 |divisions = 19 |website = [http://www.biederbach.de/ www.biederbach.de] |mayor = Rafael Mathis<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 11 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 }} '''Biederbach''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Emmendingen (district)|Emmendingen]] oo ku taal [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 67ustzz5kn5trfzsra36ysaui3c1f82 0 49952 303852 2026-08-02T14:22:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Biedershausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|19|05|N|7|29|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Biedershausen in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Thaleischweiler-Wallhalben |elevation = 306 |area = 3.65 |postal_code = 66917 |area_code = 06375 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 204 |website = |mayor = Christian Bühler<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südwestpfalz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Biedershausen''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Südwestpfalz]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} s3hlsapoxz7pmvg6655iadymha4tpl6 0 49953 303853 2026-08-02T14:24:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Biedesheim Panorama01.jpg |image_caption = Biedesheim oo ka soo muuqata jidka u dhexeeya [[Göllheim]] iyo [[Rüssingen]] |image_coa = DEU Biedesheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|36|16|N|8|6|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Biedesheim in KIB.svg |state = |district = Donnersbergkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Göllheim |elevation = 250-270 |area = 6.32 |postal_code = 67308 |area_code = 06355 |licence = KIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 33 006 |website = [https://www.goellheim.de/ortsgemeinden/biedesheim.htm www.goellheim.de] |mayor = Armin Wendel<ref>[https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/gruenstadt_artikel,-armin-wendel-offiziell-ins-amt-des-ortsb%C3%BCrgermeisters-eingef%C3%BChrt-_arid,5505108.html Armin Wendel offiziell ins Amt des Ortsbürgermeisters eingeführt], Die Rheinpfalz 12 May 2023, accessed 21 May 2023 (in German).</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;24 }} '''Biedesheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbiːdəshaɪm}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Donnersbergkreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== Tuuladu waxay ku taal qaybta sare ee togga ''Brübelbach''. Magaalooyinka waaweyn ee ugu dhow waa [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], oo 22 km (14 mi) ka xigta bariga iyo [[Kaiserslautern]], oo 40 km (25 mi) ka xigta galbeedka. Tuulada dhabta ah sokow, degmadu waxay sidoo kale ka kooban tahay meelaha ay dadku ku nool yihiin ee Neumühle iyo Siedlung Schönblick.<ref>[[Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz]] (Hrsg.): ''[https://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A/1132/A1132_202201_ur_G.pdf#page=136 Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile.]'' Stand: February 2022. {{p.|135}} (PDF; 3.3 MB).</ref> Degmooyinka la deriska ah waa [[Ottersheim]], [[Kindenheim]], [[Quirnheim]], [[Lautersheim]], [[Göllheim]] iyo [[Rüssingen]]. ==Taariikhda== Biedesheim waa deegaan [[Franks|Faranji]]. Waxaa mar dhow lagaga dhawaaqay magaca ''Bosinesheim'' gudaheeda [[Lorsch Codex]] sannadkii 782.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2016-02-22 |author=Minst, Karl Josef [Übers.] |pages=114 |publisher=Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg |title=Lorscher Codex (Band 3), Urkunde 1097, 27. Februar 782 – Reg. 1680 |url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/minst1970bd3/0120 |website=Heidelberger historische Bestände – digital}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Ka dib tuulada waxaa loo bixiyay "Büdesheim" iyo sannadkii 1766 "Rüben-Büdesheim" si looga soocdo "[[Erbes-Büdesheim]]" ee dhow [[Alzey]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2019-09-29 |author=Eberhard Ref |title=Verzeichnis der pfälzischen Mühlen |type=Abschnitt Biedesheim |url=https://www.eberhard-ref.net/pf%C3%A4lzisches-m%C3%BChlenlexikon/pf%C3%A4lzische-m%C3%BChlen-u-m%C3%BChlorte/berschweiler-b%C3%B6bingen/}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> "Rübenbüdesheim" waxaa weli loo isticmaalayay qarnigii 19aad. [[water castle|Khafiifka biyaha]] oo dhowr derbi oo kaliya ay ka badbaadeen burburkeedii sannadkii 1470, wuxuu ku yaallay qaybta galbeed ee tuulada.<ref>{{Ebidat|ID=2205|Name=Burg Biedesheim|Autor=Reinhard Friedrich|Abruf=2016-08-23}}</ref> [[File:Biedesheim Burgmauer 1aa.jpg|thumb|right|derbiyada qasriga qarniyada dhexe]] ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha=== [[Municipal council|Golaha tuulada]] wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo lagu doortay doorashada [[Mixed-member proportional representation|wakiilnimada saamiga shakhsi ahaaneed]] ee doorashooyinkii deegaanka ee dhacay June 9, 2024, iyo maayarka sharafka leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-10-26 |author=Armin Wendel (Wahlleiter) |date=2024-06-12 |publisher=[[Linus Wittich Medien]] GmbH, Höhr-Grenzhausen |title=Bekanntmachung des Ergebnisses der Wahl zum Gemeinderat Biedesheim am 9. Juni 2024 |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/782/ausgabe/25/2024/artikel/00000000000042880911-OL-782-2024-25-25-0 |website=Verbandsgemeinde Göllheim aktuell, Ausgabe 25/2024}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> ===Astaanta=== Astaantu waxay muujinaysaa [[saltire|isgoys (saltire)]] iyo laba xiddigood. ==Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la booqdo== ===Dhismayaasha=== Kaniisadda [[Protestantism|borotestanka]] waxay ahayd dhismaha [[romanesque art|romanesque]] oo ka yimid qarnigii 10aad. Waxaa loo cusbooneysiiyay 1498. Gudaheeda waxaa ku yaal [[mural|sawirro derbi]] oo qurxoon oo ka yimid qarniyadii 13aad iyo 15aad, oo lagu kashifay 1964.<ref>[https://www.donnersberg-touristik.de/de?option=com_content&view=article&id=143:biedesheim-protestantische-pfarrkirche&catid=64:sehenswuerdigkeiten-kirchen&Itemid=98 Webseite zur Biedesheimer Kirche und ihren Malereien (mit Innenaufnahme)]</ref> Qabuuraha hore ee ku xeeran kaniisadda waxaa ka muuqda dhagaxyada qabuuraha ee [[classicism|kalaasikiga]], oo mid ka mid ah uu u yahay ruug-caddaa [[Napoleonic Wars|Dagaalladii Napoleon]]. Waxaa sidoo kale tuulada ku taal kaniisad katoolik ah. <gallery> File:Biedesheim Prot. Kirche.JPG|kaniisadda borotestanka File:Biedesheim Napoleonsveteranenstein.JPG|dhagax qabri File:Biedesheim kath Kirche.jpg|kaniisadda katoolikada File:Lehrerwohnung und Gemeindeglockenturm Biedesheim.jpg|[[bell tower|munaaradda jalaska]] ee bulshada </gallery> ===Dhaqanka=== [[Kirchweih|Kerwe]] waxaa sannad walba la dabaaldegaa usbuuca saddexaad ee Sebtembar.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2025-01-05 |author=Laura Braunbach |date=2019-09-11 |language=de |publisher=Die Rheinpfalz |title=Es ist wieder soweit: die Birressemer Kerb |url=https://www.wochenblatt-reporter.de/goellheim/c-ausgehen-geniessen/es-ist-wieder-soweit-die-birressemer-kerb_a120835 |website=wochenblatt-reporter.de}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> ==Kabayaasha== Jidka [[Bundesautobahn 63|A63]] wuxuu 9 km (5.5 mi) ka xigaa galbeedka Biedesheim. Tuulada waxaa u adeega khadka baska 904 ee [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar|VRN]] oo ka socda [[Kirchheimbolanden]] oo u socda [[Eisenberg, Rhineland-Palatinate|Eisenberg]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2025-02-13 |publisher=Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar GmbH |title=Liniennetzplan Donnersbergkreis |url=https://www.vrn.de/mam/liniennetz/liniennetzplaene/dokumente/schematisch/donnersbergkreis_schematisch.pdf |website=vrn.de}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qjkmymekkcrexx72r4s0n2k2awvcn6t 0 49954 303854 2026-08-02T14:26:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Belgium municipality |name = Bierbeek |picture = Bierbeek Hilarius A.jpg |picture-legend = |map = Bierbeek Flemish-Brabant Belgium Map.svg |map-legend = Location of Bierbeek in Flemish Brabant |arms = Blason ville be Bierbeek.svg |flag = Flag of Bierbeek.svg |arrondissement = [[Leuven administrative Arrondissement|Leuven]] |nis = 24011 |pyramid-date= |0-19= |20-64= |65= |foreigners= |foreigners-date= |mayor = Johan Vanhulst (CD&V) |majority = [[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]], [[Vooruit (political party)|Vooruit]], [[Groen (political party)|Groen]] |postal-codes = 3360 |telephone-area = 016 |web = [http://www.bierbeek.be/ www.bierbeek.be] |coordinates = {{coord|50|50|N|04|46|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}} }} '''Bierbeek''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈbiːrbeːk|-|Nl-Bierbeek.ogg}}) waa [[Degmooyinka Beljamka|degmo]] ku taal gobolka [[Flemish Brabant]] ee [[Beljamka]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay magaalooyinka Bierbeek dhabta ah, [[Korbeek-Lo]], [[Lovenjoel]] iyo [[Opvelp]]. Janaayo 1, 2006, Bierbeek waxay lahayd wadarta dadweyne oo ah 9,147. Wadarta dhulku waa 39.73&nbsp;km² taasi oo bixinaysa [[cufnaanta dadweynaha]] oo ah 230 xiisadood oo km² kasta. ==Ku dhashay== * [[Gaston Roelants]] (dhashay 1937), ciyaartoy * [[Frederik Veuchelen]] (dhashay 1978), baaskiil wadle ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category}} *{{official website | http://www.bierbeek.be}} {{in lang | nl-BE}} {{Authority control}} iprkl8jvjqo4902jypjttdc4s262nxc 0 49955 303855 2026-08-02T14:27:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Biesdorf |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Biesdorf.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|53|15|N|6|18|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Biesdorf in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Südeifel |elevation = 280-300 |area = 5.47 |postal_code = 54675 |area_code = 06566 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 016 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.suedeifelinfo.de/index.php/2014-04-02-10-51-07/gemeinden-der-vg-suedeifel Biesdorf at website www.suedeifelinfo.de] |mayor = Alwin Houscht<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Biesdorf''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} sur87vuqlyrfi8s7rerffqt9vdozj55 0 49956 303857 2026-08-02T14:42:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Billigheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|20|52|N|09|15|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Billigheim in MOS.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis |elevation = 226 |area = 48.95 |postal_code = 74842 |area_code = 06265 + 06264 |licence = MOS, BCH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 25 009 |divisions = 5 |website = [http://www.billigheim.de/ www.billigheim.de] |mayor = Martin Diblik<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;25 |party = }} '''Billigheim''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis|Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Magaalada Billigheim waxay leedahay shantii qeybood ee deegaanka: [[Sulzbach (Billigheim)|Sulzbach]] (1803 Degaane), Billigheim, [[Allfeld]], [[Waldmühlbach]] iyo [[Katzental]]. ==Taariikhda== Xusidda ugu horreysay ee taariikhda Billigheim ee kaydka [[Würzburg]] waa sannadkii 1000. Sannadkias ka dib, kaniisad/guri daar ah ayaa halkaas lagu fundeeyay. Gurigaas kaniisadda ah wuxuu leeyahay tuulada illaa la secularize gareeyay 1584. Sannadkias ka dib, kaniisadda waxaa la xiray, oo tuulada waxaa lagu siiyay [[Kurmainz]]. Sannadkii 1803, oo lagu daray dhammaan aagga, magaalada waxaa lagu siiyay amiirrada [[Principality of Leiningen|Leiningen]] ee [[Baden]], oo kaniisaddii u bixiyay qasriga. Qasrigani wuxuu gubtay oo baaba'ay sannadkii 1902. Kaniisaddii soo hartay waxaa loo cusbooneysiiyay 1878–79. Sannadkii 1806 Billigheim waxay ka mid noqotay [[Grand Duchy of Baden]]. Ka timid Wikipedia-ga Jarmalka: Qiyaastii sannadkii 1000, Bishop Heinrich oo ka tirsan Würzburg wuxuu fundeeyay kaniisad Benedictine ah ee Billigheim, oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay "Closter Bullikhemb." Deegaankii hore, oo lagama yaabo inuu ka horreeyo tan, waxaa u badan inuu fundeeyay amiir Faranji ah oo gobolka ah oo ka tirsan qoyska Bulling. Sannadkii 1238, codsigii kaniisadaha, kaniisadda waxaa loo bixiyay monastery Cistercian ah kuna sii badatay qarnigii 13aad, oo haysay maamulka deegaanka illaa la dib-u-dhigo. Sannadkii 1361, tuulada iyo monastery-gaba waxay hoos yimaadeen maamulka Electorate of Mainz oo waxaa lagu maamulayay maaddada Allfeld. Sannadkii 1462, Billigheim waxaa ku hareereeyay oo weeraray Pfalzgraf Ludwig oo ka tirsan Zweibrücken. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoos amarka Hans von Gemmingen, tuulada waxaa loo difaacay si guul leh oo weeraryahannadii waa la eryay. Monastery-ga waxaa daciifiyay Dagaalkii Beeralayda iyo Reformation-ka qarnigii 16aad, oo ugu dambeyntii waxaa dib-u-dhigay 1584 Archbishop Wolfgang von Dalberg. Maamulaha cellar-ka Allfeld wuxuu sidoo kale u shaqaynayay sida sayidka maaddada ee Billigheim. Qiyaastii 1700, maamulka maaddada Allfeld waxaa loo wareejiyay Billigheim. Ka dib Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, Electorate of Mainz waxaa la secularize gareeyay, oo maaddada Billigheim waxay ku dhacday Principality of Leiningen sannadkii 1803. Amiirradii Leiningian waxay ka dhiseen qasri tuulada sannadkii 1803, oo uu burburiyay dab sannadkii 1902. ==Magaalooyinka la mataan ee la siman== *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Óbuda-Békásmegyer|Óbuda-Békásmegyer (Budapest)]], Hangari ==Galiirida== <gallery> Allfeld-kirche-innen.jpg|Meel allabari ee kaniisadda [[Saint George]], Allfeld, Billigheim AltesRathausBilligheim.jpg|Aqalka hoose ee hore ee magaalada Billigheim Schule-Billigheim.jpg|Dugsiga Hoose iyo Dhexe ee Billigheim </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons|position=left}} * [http://www.billigheim.de Weebsaydhka rasmiga ah] {{Authority control}} iu3g04rd1sbkwr0p7s2qwm30qvn59v7 0 49957 303858 2026-08-02T14:44:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Billwerder |name_local = |image_photo = Billwerder - Museum west.jpg |image_caption = "Glockenhaus" (Guri jalasaha) |type = Xaafad |City = Hamburg |state = |borough = Hamburg-Bergedorf |coordinates = {{Coord|53.499|N|10.134|E|type:city|display=it}} |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|Billwerder}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}} |area = 9.5 |area_code = 040 |licence = HH |plantext = Goobta Billwerder ku leedahay Hamburg |image_plan = Billwerder in HH.svg }} [[File:Varendorf(63)Bergedorf_Reinbek.jpg|thumb|Aagga Billwerder sannadkii 1790]] [[File:Pincerno_-_Billwerder_2.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda St. Nicholas Billwerder, oo la dhisay 1737. Dhismayaashii kaniisadeed ee ka horreeyay goobtan markii ugu horreysay waxaa la diiwaangeliyay qarnigii 13aad]] '''Billwerder''' ({{IPA|de|bɪlˈvɛʁdɐ|-|De-Billwerder.ogg}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan [[Hamburg]], Jarmalka, oo ku taal booraha [[Bergedorf]]. Waxay ku taal xadka waqooyi-galbeed ee booraha oo u dhow booraha [[Hamburg-Mitte]]. Si isku mid ah Billwerder waxay ka meel dhigtaa aag ka weyn oo dhanka koonfureed ka xiga webiga [[Bille (Elbe)|Bille]]. ==Magaca== Magacu wuxuu ka yimid ''Bilnawerthere'', oo macnaheedu yahay ''jasiirad ku taal Bille''. [[Werder (island)|Werder]] waa jasiirad u dhaxaysa webiyo ama jirro kale oo biyood, marka halkan ay tahay webiyada Bille iyo [[Elbe]]/[[Dove Elbe]]. Illaa 1949 Billwerder waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannay ''Billwärder an der [[Elbe]]''. ==Juqraafiga== Billwerder waxay xad la leedahay xaafadaha [[Lohbrügge]], [[Bergedorf (quarter)|Bergedorf]], [[Neuallermöhe]], [[Allermöhe]], [[Moorfleet]], [[Billbrook]], iyo [[Billstedt]]. Billwerder waa qayb ka mid ah aagga [[Marschlande]] (''dhulalka dhiqada ah'') ee Hamburg, oo ku caan ah dhulalkeedii qoyan iyo dhoobada ahaa. Waxay leedahay dad tiro yar. Muuqaalka dhuleed ee Billwerder wuxuu ka samaysmay u-gudubka miyiga [[Vierlande]] oo loo galo aagga warshadaha iyo ganacsiga ee dhow [[Port of Hamburg]], sida dhowga [[Billbrook]]. Billwerder inteeda badan waxaa lagu sifeeyaa beerashada dhirta iyo beeraha, dhanka kale se, deegaannada ganacsiga, [[Bundesautobahn 1|Jidka Weyn ee Dawladda 1]], iyo [[Hamburg-Bergedorf Railway Company|khadka tareenka ee Hamburg-Bergedorf]], khadkii tareen ee ugu horreeyay ee Waqooyiga Jarmalka, ayaa sidoo kale qayb ka ah xaafadda.<ref>[http://www.hamburg.de/billwerder/ Billwerder], Hamburg.de</ref> Sannadkii 2017 magaalada Hamburg waxay bilaabay qorshaynta xaafadda cusub ee [[Oberbillwerder]] oo ku taal [[Allermöhe station|steeshanka Allermöhe]]. ==Siyaasadda== Kuwani waa natiijooyinkii Billwerder ee doorashada gobolka ee [[Hamburg Parliament|Baarlamaanka Hamburg]]: {| class="wikitable zebra" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! Doorashada ! [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] ! [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] ! [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] ! [[The Left (Germany)|Left]] ! [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]] ! [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] ! Kuwa kale |- |2020 |'''25,9 %''' |25,8 % |12,8 % |12,0 % |{{0}}9,6 % |{{0}}2,6 % |11,3 % |- |2015 |'''55,5 %''' |10,3 % |{{0}}8,7 % |{{0}}9,1 % |{{0}}7,2 % |{{0}}5,6 % |{{0}}3,6 % |- |2011 |'''52,6 %''' |22,9 % | – |{{0}}5,8 % |{{0}}8,6 % |{{0}}5,6 % |{{0}}4,5 % |- |2008 |32,6 % |'''43,5 %''' | – |{{0}}7,8 % |{{0}}8,0 % |{{0}}5,2 % |{{0}}2,9 % |} ==Gaadiidka== Steeshannada [[Hamburg S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] ee [[Billwerder-Moorfleet station|Billwerder-Moorfleet]] iyo [[Mittlerer Landweg station|Mittlerer Landweg]] waxay ku yaallaan xaafadda. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Hamburg-Billwerder}} * [http://www.hamburg.de/billwerder/ Billwerder], Hamburg.de {{Authority control}} 5j75qpiwtiqax8detehopo3vt76gqmw 0 49958 303859 2026-08-02T14:46:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Bilsen.png |image_coa = DEU Bilsen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|46|17|N|9|52|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bilsen in PI.svg |state = |district = Pinneberg |Amt = Rantzau |elevation = 28 |area = 6.2 |postal_code = 25485 |area_code = 04106 |licence = PI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 56 004 |website = [https://www.bilsen.de/ www.bilsen.de] |mayor = Peter Lehnert |party = CDU }} '''Bilsen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪlzn̩}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Pinneberg (district)|Pinneberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} eozo0erx1z6iqn50f10pvsihlpdqot1 0 49959 303860 2026-08-02T14:48:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Bilshausen |image_coa = Wappen_Bilshausen.svg |image_flag = Flagge Bilshausen.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|37|50|N|10|09|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bilshausen in GÖ-2016.svg |state = |district = Göttingen |Samtgemeinde = Gieboldehausen |elevation = 176 |area = 8.49 |postal_code = 37434 |area_code = 05528 |licence = GÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03159005 |website = [http://www.bilshausen.de/ www.bilshausen.de] |mayor = Matthias Diederich |party = CDU }} '''Bilshausen''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Göttingen (district)|Göttingen]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay [[Eichsfeld]]. [[File:StCosmas und Damian Bilshausen.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda Katoolikada]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} bytyedv7tfwpvfuved85rjijp692y99 0 49960 303861 2026-08-02T14:49:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bimöhlen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|56|N|09|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bimöhlen in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Bad Bramstedt-Land |elevation = 16 |area = 17.23 |postal_code = 24576 |area_code = 04192 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 009 |website = [http://www.amt-bad-bramstedt-land.de/ www.amt-bad-<br />bramstedt-land.de] |mayor = Michael Schirrmacher |party = }} '''Bimöhlen''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bimohlen}} 02zoctnlvdbj00ckks8ga2ajgngtxaa 0 49961 303862 2026-08-02T14:51:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Binau.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|22|00|N|09|03|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Binau in MOS.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis |elevation = 253 |area = 4.83 |postal_code = 74862 |area_code = 06263 |licence = MOS, BCH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 25 010 |website = [https://www.binau.de/ www.binau.de] |mayor = Dominik Kircher<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-binau-2024/ Bürgermeisterwahl Binau 2024], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;32 |party = CDU }} '''Binau''' ([[South Franconian German|South Franconian]]: ''Bina'') waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis|Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Waxaa jira calaamado muujinaya deegaan aadanaha oo ka mid ah aagga oo taariikhdiisu dib uga soo laabanayso [[Bronze Age|Aagga naxaasta]]. Binau markii ugu horreysay ee lagu xusay kaydadka taariikhda waxay ahayd 769. Kaniisada/Guri daarta ku taal [[Lorsch]] waxay lahayd dhulal badan oo ay ku lahayd Binau. Qasriga maanta jira wuxuu ku yaallaa goobtii uu ku yaallay mid ka horeeyay, oo taagnaa illaa dhexda qarnigii 18aad. Maanta waxaa loo isticmaalaa guri loo nasiyo. Kaniisaddu waxay ka tirsan tahay qarnigii 14aad waxaana loo cusbooneysiiyay 1926 iyo 1956. [[Burg Dauchstein]] oo dhow waxaa la dhisay 1150 sida steeshanka cashuurta ee [[Hohenstaufen]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 1.5&nbsp;km oo ka xigta magaalada. ==Tixraac== * [https://www.binau.de Weebsaydhka rasmiga ah] {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fj42gt8ljn3bkj7yisff964v2ye1ehe 0 49962 303863 2026-08-02T14:54:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bippen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|35|N|7|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bippen in OS.svg |state = |district = Osnabrück |Samtgemeinde = Fürstenau |elevation = 60 |area = 79.23 |postal_code = 49626 |area_code = 05435 |licence = OS, BSB, MEL, WTL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 59 011 |divisions = 8 |website = [https://www.fuerstenau.de/Seiten/Bippen-staatlich-anerkannter-Erholungsort-mit-herrlichem-Waldgebiet.html www.fuerstenau.de] |mayor = Helmut Tolsdorf |party = SPD }} '''Bippen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪpn̩}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Osnabrück (district)|Osnabrück]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. [[Image:Bippen, Sankt Georges kirche foto2 2008-07-16 15.29.JPG|thumb|left|180px|kaniisadda: Sankt Georges Kirche]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1ltbvh8gbxrpbwnw7z3bw8cgkviao5v 0 49963 303864 2026-08-02T14:56:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type=Gemeinde |image_photo=Village of Birenbach, Württemberg.jpg |image_caption=Muuqaalka Birenbach |image_coa = DEU Birenbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|44|51|N|9|39|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Birenbach in GP.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Göppingen |elevation = 375 |area = 2.50 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08117009 |mayor = Michael Matzak<ref name=mayor>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-birenbach-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Birenbach 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 |postal_code = 73102 |area_code = 07161 |licence = GP |website = {{URL|http://www.birenbach.de/}} }} '''Birenbach''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Natiijo ahaan [[Protestant Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]] ee Jarmalka, hantidii kaniisadaha {{ill|Adelberg Abbey|de|Kloster Adelberg|lt=Adelberg}} iyo Oberhof waxaa la wareegay [[Duchy of Württemberg]]. Sannadkii 1806, dhammaan hantidii aristocracy-ga ee aagga Birenbach waxaa [[German mediatization|mediatize lagu sameeyay]] illaa ka dibna [[Kingdom of Württemberg]]. Birenbach waxay qayb ka ahayd degmada [[Börtlingen]] illaa 1823, markaas oo loo dhisay degmo madax-bannaan oo looga assigned gareeyay {{ill|Oberamt Göppingen|de}}. Gobolkan waxaa dib oo dhan loogu habeyay 1938 sida Landkreis Göppingen.<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Birenbach|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/586/Birenbach|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=27 July 2020}}</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Degmada (''[[Degaannada Jarmalka|Gemeinde]]'') ee Birenbach waxay ku taallaa [[Göppingen (district)|gobolka]] [[Göppingen]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], oo ka mid ah [[States of Germany|16-ka Gobol]] ee [[Jarmalka|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Jarmalka]]. Birenbach waxay ku taallaa ku dhawaad salka [[Hohenstaufen (mountain)|Hohenstaufen]], ee {{ill|Eastern foothills of the Swabian Jura|de|Vorland der östlichen Schwäbischen Alb|lt=buuraha bari}} ee [[Swabian Jura]], in kasta oo qayb yar oo ka mid ah aagga degmada ay ku taallaa [[Schurwald]] iyo [[Welzheim Forest]] oo dhanka ka xiga galbeedka. Heerka sarreeya ee ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa mid sare oo ah {{convert|521|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ee waqooyiga illaa mid hoose oo ah {{convert|317|m|sp=us}} NN on the Krettenbach, ee koonfurta.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Siyaasadda== Birenbach waxay leedahay halka xaafad (''Ortsteil''), magaalada Birenbach, iyo halka tuulo, Schützenhof. Waxaa jira [[abandoned village|tuulo ka baxday]] aagga degmada, oo ah Bremenhöfle. Birenbach waa qayb ka mid ah Östlicher Schurwald [[Municipal association (Germany)|ururka degmooyinka]], oo xaruntiisu ku taallaa [[Rechberghausen]].<ref name=LEO-BW/> ===Astaan muujinaye=== Birenbach's [[coat of arms|astaanteeda]] waxay muujineysaa [[Lions in heraldry|libaax]], ee [[Sable (heraldry)|madow]] oo u jeeda dhanka bidixda, ka sarreeya [[Azure (heraldry)|buluuq]], mawjad ka kooban [[fess]] dushiisa [[Field (heraldry)|mahad]] ee [[Or (heraldry)|jaalle]]. Libaaxu waxaa ka soo qaday [[Coat of arms of the Hohenstaufen family|astaanta qoyska Hohenstaufen]]. Astaantan waxaa sameeyay oo samaystay dadka deegaanka 1958, waxaana u ansixiyay isticmaalka rasmiga ah [[Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Ndaha]] 18 August 1959. Calanka u dhigma degmada waxaa la siiyay degmada isla taariikhdaas oo ay bixisay isla hay'addaas.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Gaadiidka== Birenbach waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] {{ill|Bundesstraße 297|de}}. Sannadkii 1907 illaa 1987, degmada waxay sidoo kale ku xirnayd nidaamka tareennada Jarmalka ee [[Tälesbahn (Geislingen–Wiesensteig)|Tälesbahn]]. Gaadiidka gobolka ee dadweynaha waxaa bixiya {{ill|Filsland Mobilitätsverbundes|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website}} (in German) jgpyiu4gq0e5k5rvmmau8kgefgrl2qz 0 49964 303865 2026-08-02T14:58:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flagge birgland.png |image_coa = DEU Birgland COA.svg |image_photo = 92262 Birgland.JPG |image_caption = Birgland |coordinates = {{coord|49|25|N|11|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Birgland in AS.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Amberg-Sulzbach |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Illschwang |elevation = 390 |area = 62.44 |postal_code = 92262 |area_code = 09666 |licence = AS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 71 116 |website = [http://www.birgland.de www.birgland.de] |mayor = Brigitte Bachmann<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Birgland''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪʁklant}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Amberg-Sulzbach]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== Maha tuulo loo yaqaanno Birgland, degmada Birgland waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinkan soo socda:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bayernportal.de/dokumente/behoerde/24553167515/ortsteile|title=Ortsteile mit Postleitzahl|access-date=2024-02-15}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=12em}} *Aicha *Ammerried *Ammersricht *Baumgarten *Betzenberg *Buchhof *Burkartshof *Dickatshof *Dollmannsberg *Eckeltshof *Eckertsfeld *Frechetsfeld *Fürnried *Geigenwang *Gronatshof *Hainfeld *Haslach *Hirschricht *Höfling *Kegelheim *Kutschendorf *Leinberg *Leinhof *Lichtenegg *Matzenhof *Nonnhof *Ödamershüll *Ödhaag *Ödthal *Pleishof *Poppberg *Reichenunholden *Riedelhof *Rothsricht *Schwend *Schwenderöd *Sunzendorf *Tannlohe *Troßalter *Wolfertsfeld *Woppenthal *Wurmrausch {{div col end}} == Dadka caanka ah ==<!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} bbrvkoblt9jmt2gk2utcssvghmeixud 0 49965 303866 2026-08-02T14:59:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|44|20|N|7|37|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Birkenbeul in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Hamm (Sieg) |elevation = 295 |area = 4.76 |postal_code = 57589 |area_code = 02682 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 007 |website = [https://www.hamm-sieg.de/hamm/de/Ortsgemeinden/Birkenbeul/ www.hamm-sieg.de] |mayor = Sven Merzhäuser<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = }} [[File:DEU Birkenbeul COA.svg|thumb|Astaanta Birkenbeul]] [[File:Birkenbeul-Weissenbrüchen 001.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka sula ahaan ee Birkenbeul]] '''Birkenbeul''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Xiriirinta gaadiidka == Birkenbeul waxay ku taallaa ururka gaadiidka ee Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM), nambarka aagga 913 oo waxaa u shaqeeya khadadka baska gobolka ee 285 iyo 934 ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} b13ile3l8sc10xpmj6kybpd9fxa2y0d 0 49966 303867 2026-08-02T15:02:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Birkenwerder |type = |image_photo = Birkenwerderrathaus.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Aqalka magaalada |image_coa = Wappen_Birkenwerder.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|41|N|13|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Birkenwerder in OHV.png |state = |district = Oberhavel |elevation = 32 - 56 |area = 18.10 |postal_code = 16547 |area_code = 03303 |licence = OHV |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 65 036 |website = [https://www.birkenwerder.de/ www.birkenwerder.de] |mayor = Stephan Zimniok<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12065000 Landkreis Oberhavel Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = }} '''Birkenwerder''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Oberhavel]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Birkenwerder waxay ku taallaa koonfurta [[Oberhavel]]. Xadka waqooyi ee [[Berlin]] wuxuu u jiraa 3 kiilómitir. Birkenwerder waxay xad la leedahay [[Oranienburg]] dhanka waqooyiga, [[Mühlenbecker Land]] dhanka bariga iyo [[Hohen Neuendorf]] dhanka koonfureed iyo dhanka waqooyiga. Dhexda Birkenwerder waxaa ku yaal webiga [[Briese]]. Dhanka galbeed ee Birkenwerder wuxuu ku shubmaa Webiga [[Havel]]. ''Briese'' iyo ''Lindenhof'' waa xaafado ({{Interlanguage link multi|Wohnplatz|de|3=Wohnplatz|lt=Wohnplätze}}) ee Birkenwerder. Ka badan 50% aagga wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhul dabiici ah/kaym. Waxaa jira waddooyin kaymo ah oo badan, sidoo kale harada webiga ''Briese''. Birkenwerder waxay ku xiran tahay jidka weyn A 10 ([[Bundesautobahn 10]]), B 96 ([[Bundesstraße 96]]) iyo B 96a oo ku dhammaada dhexda Birkenwerder. == Dimuqraadiyadda == <gallery widths="250" heights="180"> File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Birkenwerder.pdf|Koriinka dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 ee xuduudaha hadda jira (xariiqda buluugga ah: dadweynaha; xariiqda dhibcaha leh: barbardhiga koriinka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg) File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Birkenwerder.pdf|Koriinka dadweynaha ee dhowaan (xariiqda buluugga ah) iyo utubyada meelaha fog </gallery> {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Birkenwerder: Koriinka dadweynaha <br>ee xuduudaha hadda (2025)<ref>Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 951 | 1890 | 1167 | 1910 | 2318 | 1925 | 3387 | 1939 | 6648 | 1950 | 7148 | 1964 | 6967 | 1971 | 6911 | 1981 | 6325 | 1985 | 6122 | 1990 | 5510 | 1995 | 5417 | 2000 | 6518 | 2005 | 7219 | 2010 | 7819 | 2015 | 8019 | 2020 | 8132 | 2021 | 8116 | 2022 | 7922 | 2023 | 7923 | 2024 | 7935 | 2025 | 7958 }} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rk2nx5a3vo4o3c8jhs3d6ynh5tetdet 0 49967 303868 2026-08-02T15:04:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | type = Ortsgemeinde | image_coa = DEU Birkheim COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|7|0.70|N|7|37|18.24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Birkheim in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Hunsrück-Mittelrhein | elevation = 463 | area = 2.3 | postal_code = 56291 | area_code = 06746 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 016 | website = | mayor = Rainer Retz<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 | party = }} [[File:Birkheim01.jpg|thumb|Hoolka kaniisadda]] [[File:Birkheim02.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda]] '''Birkheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪʁkhaɪm}}) waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – oo ah [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah meel ka kooban degaanno badan – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|gobolka]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Hunsrück-Mittelrhein]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Emmelshausen]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Degmadu waxay ku taallaa bariga [[Hunsrück]] ee u dhaxeysa [[Middle Rhine]] iyo [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 61|A&nbsp;61]]. 132-ka qof ee ku nool Birkheim waxay ku nool yihiin aag ka kooban 220&nbsp;ha ee heerkeedu yahay 450&nbsp;m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]].<ref>[http://www.emmelshausen.de/vg_emmelshausen/Gemeinden/Birkheim/ Birkheim’s population, area and elevation]</ref> == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 1310, Birkheim waxay lahayd xusiddeeda ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah sida ''Bircheym'' waxayna hoos taysay maamulka [[Electorate of Trier|Electoral-Trier]]. Laga bilaabo 1794, Birkheim waxay hoos taysay maamulka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sannadkii 1815 waxaa loo assigned gareeyay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Tan iyo 1846, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] dhowaan la dhisay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].{{citation needed|date=July 2025}} ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha deegaanka=== Golaha wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo gole, oo lagu doorray [[Plurality voting system|u codayn ahalan oo badan]] doorashadii deegaanka ee dhacday 7 June 2009, iyo meyerka sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1400201600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> ===Meyerka=== Meyerka Birkheim waa Rainer Retz.<ref name=mayor/> === Astaanta === Qoraalka astaanta Jarmalka ah wuxuu leeyahay: ''In Silber, halblinks und schrägrechts durch blaue Wellenbalken geteilt, vorn ein rotes Balkenkreuz, hinten oben ein grünes Birkenblatt, unten ein schwarzes Wasserrad''.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}} Degmada [[Coat of arms|astaanteeda]] ee ka kooban luqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriiska: Argent a bend sinister wavy and couped at the nombril point a bend azure to sinister base, in dexter chief a cross gules throughout, in sinister a birchleaf palewise slipped vert and in base a waterwheel spoked of six sable.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}} Iskalaabtu waxay tilmaamaysaa la-lahaanshaha hantiyeed ee hore ee tuulada ee [[Electorate of Trier]] ee [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Dhegaha biyuhu wuxuu tilmaamayaa Friedrich Neubauer gristmill, oo loo yaqaanay ''Fritze Mühle'', oo la burburiyay 1920-yadii. Caleenta geedka birch-ka waa [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] ee magaca degmada, Birkheim (''Birke'' waa [[German language|Jarmal]] oo loo yaqaan [[birch]]). Mawjadda bend sinister iyo dhexda bend waxay u taagan yihiin durdurrada gobolka, midka dheer oo ah Niederbach, oo mar dhisay xadka u dhaxeeya Electorate of Trier iyo ''[[Vogt]]ei'' ee Pfalzfeld, iyo midka gaaban oo ah Quänkelbach, oo dhex mara tuulada kuna shubma Niederbach.<ref>[http://www.emmelshausen.de/vg_emmelshausen/Gemeinden/Birkheim/ Description and explanation of Birkheim’s arms]</ref> ==Dhaqanka iyo booqashada== ===Dhismayaasha=== Kuwani waa dhismayaal lagu diiwaangeliyay ama goobo ku yaal [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ee Diiwaanka Tiirarka Dhaqanka: * [[John of Nepomuk|Saint John of Nepomuk’s]] [[Catholic Church|Katoolikada]] [[Chapel|Kaniisadda yar]] (kaniisadda faraca; ''Filialkapelle St. Johann Nepomuk''), Hauptstraße 17 – [[aisleless church]], oo la calaamadeeyay 1897, munaaradda galbeed 1960 * Hauptstraße 5 – ''Quereinhaus'' (guri ka kooban meel nool oo ganacsi oo u qaybsan labadan xaaladood dhexda ka xiga, ilaa waddada); dhismaha [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], oo qayb ahaan adag, dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad<ref>[https://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district]</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3450816/5lukfj/index.html Qoraal yar oo Birkheim ah oo wata filim] ee [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} ectw46lejbbp1g74xm6vukznoz9cdtf 303937 303868 2026-08-03T01:04:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | type = Ortsgemeinde | image_coa = DEU Birkheim COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|7|0.70|N|7|37|18.24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Birkheim in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Hunsrück-Mittelrhein | elevation = 463 | area = 2.3 | postal_code = 56291 | area_code = 06746 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 016 | website = | mayor = Rainer Retz<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 | party = }} [[File:Birkheim01.jpg|thumb|Hoolka kaniisadda]] [[File:Birkheim02.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda]] '''Birkheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪʁkhaɪm}}) waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – oo ah [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah meel ka kooban degaanno badan – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|gobolka]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Hunsrück-Mittelrhein]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Emmelshausen]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Degmadu waxay ku taallaa bariga [[Hunsrück]] ee u dhaxeysa [[Middle Rhine]] iyo [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 61|A&nbsp;61]]. 132-ka qof ee ku nool Birkheim waxay ku nool yihiin aag ka kooban 220&nbsp;ha ee heerkeedu yahay 450&nbsp;m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]].<ref>[http://www.emmelshausen.de/vg_emmelshausen/Gemeinden/Birkheim/ Birkheim’s population, area and elevation]</ref> == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 1310, Birkheim waxay lahayd xusiddeeda ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah sida ''Bircheym'' waxayna hoos taysay maamulka [[Electorate of Trier|Electoral-Trier]]. Laga bilaabo 1794, Birkheim waxay hoos taysay maamulka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sannadkii 1815 waxaa loo assigned gareeyay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Tan iyo 1846, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] dhowaan la dhisay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].{{citation needed|date=July 2025}} ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha deegaanka=== Golaha wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo gole, oo lagu doorray [[Plurality voting system|u codayn ahalan oo badan]] doorashadii deegaanka ee dhacday 7 June 2009, iyo meyerka sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1400201600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> ===Meyerka=== Meyerka Birkheim waa Rainer Retz.<ref name=mayor/> === Astaanta === Qoraalka astaanta Jarmalka ah wuxuu leeyahay: ''In Silber, halblinks und schrägrechts durch blaue Wellenbalken geteilt, vorn ein rotes Balkenkreuz, hinten oben ein grünes Birkenblatt, unten ein schwarzes Wasserrad''.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}} Degmada [[Coat of arms|astaanteeda]] ee ka kooban luqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriiska: Argent a bend sinister wavy and couped at the nombril point a bend azure to sinister base, in dexter chief a cross gules throughout, in sinister a birchleaf palewise slipped vert and in base a waterwheel spoked of six sable.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}} Iskalaabtu waxay tilmaamaysaa la-lahaanshaha hantiyeed ee hore ee tuulada ee [[Electorate of Trier]] ee [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Dhegaha biyuhu wuxuu tilmaamayaa Friedrich Neubauer gristmill, oo loo yaqaanay ''Fritze Mühle'', oo la burburiyay 1920-yadii. Caleenta geedka birch-ka waa [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] ee magaca degmada, Birkheim (''Birke'' waa [[German language|Jarmal]] oo loo yaqaan [[birch]]). Mawjadda bend sinister iyo dhexda bend waxay u taagan yihiin durdurrada gobolka, midka dheer oo ah Niederbach, oo mar dhisay xadka u dhaxeeya Electorate of Trier iyo ''[[Vogt]]ei'' ee Pfalzfeld, iyo midka gaaban oo ah Quänkelbach, oo dhex mara tuulada kuna shubma Niederbach.<ref>[http://www.emmelshausen.de/vg_emmelshausen/Gemeinden/Birkheim/ Description and explanation of Birkheim’s arms]</ref> ==Dhaqanka iyo booqashada== ===Dhismayaasha=== Kuwani waa dhismayaal lagu diiwaangeliyay ama goobo ku yaal [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ee Diiwaanka Tiirarka Dhaqanka: * [[John of Nepomuk|Saint John of Nepomuk’s]] [[Catholic Church|Katoolikada]] [[Chapel|Kaniisadda yar]] (kaniisadda faraca; ''Filialkapelle St. Johann Nepomuk''), Hauptstraße 17 – [[aisleless church]], oo la calaamadeeyay 1897, munaaradda galbeed 1960 * Hauptstraße 5 – ''Quereinhaus'' (guri ka kooban meel nool oo ganacsi oo u qaybsan labadan xaaladood dhexda ka xiga, ilaa waddada); dhismaha [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], oo qayb ahaan adag, dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad<ref>[https://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district]</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3450816/5lukfj/index.html Qoraal yar oo Birkheim ah oo wata filim] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3450816/5lukfj/index.html |date=20160414111609 }} ee [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} rf604snvlcgw9j78gl2ap8xt7xy7vcq 0 49968 303869 2026-08-02T15:05:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Birkweiler COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|12|21|N|8|02|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Birkweiler in SÜW.svg |state = |district = Südliche Weinstraße |Verbandsgemeinde = Landau-Land |elevation = 189 |area = 4.94 |postal_code = 76831 |area_code = 06345 |licence = SÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 37 009 |website = [http://www.birkweiler.de/ www.birkweiler.de] |mayor = Bernd Flaxmeyer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Birkweiler''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪʁkvaɪlɐ}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Südliche Weinstraße]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Goobta == Degmadu waa tuulo khamri oo caadiga ah oo ku taal [[German Wine Route]] ee dooxada Siebelding ee salka [[Hohen-Berg|Hohenberg]] (556&nbsp;m oo wata munaaradda kormeerka). [[File:Birkweiler-St. Bartholomaeus-01-gje.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|Kaniisadda Katoolikada ee St. Bartholomäus]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Cities and towns in Sudliche Weinstrasse}} {{Authority control}} jjku1yckezip76v78blc50cv7or2d1l 0 49969 303870 2026-08-02T15:06:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|magaalada ku taal Faransiiska|Drachenbronn-Birlenbach}} {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Birlenbach COA.svg |image_photo = Birlenbach3.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|50|21|31.25|N|8|0|7.22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Birlenbach in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Diez |elevation = 175 |area = 4.04 |postal_code = 65626 |area_code = 06432 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 014 |divisions = 2 |website = [https://www.birlenbach-fachingen.de/ www.birlenbach-fachingen.de] |mayor = Georg Klein<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Birlenbach''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], ee galbeedka [[Jarmalka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birlenbach - Municipality |url=https://www.routeyou.com/en-de/location/view/47278430 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=RouteYou |language=en}}</ref> Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Diez (Verbandsgemeinde)|ururka degaannada ee Diez.]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3tyram6l48c2orm5ecl39m8cy7dyrf4 0 49970 303871 2026-08-02T15:08:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|13|N|7|35|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Birnbach in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen (Westerwald) |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 270 |area = 3.11 |postal_code = 57612 |area_code = 02681 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 009 |divisions = |website = {{url|https://www.vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de/gemeinde-politik/uebersicht-ortsgemeinden/birnbach|vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de}} |mayor = Mario Müller<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = }} '''Birnbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪʁnbax}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taallaa Westerwald, qiyaastii shan kiilómitir waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta magaalada gobolka ee Altenkirchen. Birnbach illaa xadka gobolka North Rhine-Westphalia waa qiyaastii shan kiilómitir. === Muuqaalka dhulka === Tuuladu waxay si baaxad leh ugu fadhidaa dhanka waddada tuulada; oo ay ku sifeeyaan dhulal cagaaran oo badan, durdurro, iyo geedo waaweyn oo ka tirsan aagga tuulada. Xarunta tuulada ee aadka u dhow waxay ku haysaa kaniisadda Evangelical Church. === Degaannada Jaarka ah === Tuulooyinka jaarka ah waa Wölmersen oo dhanka waqooyi-bari ah, Oberölfen oo dhanka bariga ah, Hemmelzen oo dhanka koonfureed ah, iyo Weyerbusch iyo Hilkhausen oo dhanka galbeed ah. == Taariikhda == === Qarniyadii Dhexe === Xusidda ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah ee tuulada waxay ku dhacday decree baapa ah oo ku taariikhaysan 31 March 1131. Taariikhdan waxay sidoo kale ahayd munaasabadda xuska guubta 850-aad ee lagu qhelday Birnbach sannadkii 1981. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, deegaamaynta aagga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay dhacday wax ka horreeya. Maxkamadda Sare ee Birnbach waxaa la xusay sida ugu horreysay 1260 waxayna ahayd midda keliya ee ku taal qaybta koonfur-bari ee Auelgau. Wax yar ka hor 1464, waxaa la kiciyay in loo wareejiyo Altenkirchen. === Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida === Saddex ka mid ah afarta saraakiil oo loo hayay inay ka dambeeyeen guul-darradii Ludendorff Bridge (March 7, 1945), oo la dilay March 13 iyo 14, 1945, laguna dilay iyadoo lagu toogtay, waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha dagaalka ee deegaanka. Kuwaasi waa Majors Johann Scheller iyo August Krafft, iyo sidoo kale Lieutenant Karl-Heinz Peters. Ugu horreyn, sarkaalka afarad, Major Herbert Strobel, wuxuu sidoo kale ku aasnaa halkan; lefaheeda waxaa loo wareejiyay dhulkiisa hooyo ka dib codsiga wiilkiisa. Saraakiisha waxaa lagu xukumay toogasho meel "Flying Tribunal" ah oo uu shahsi ahaan u magacaabay Hitler ee Rimbach iyo Oberirsen, oo isla markiiba lagu toogtay ka dib verdict-ka. Field Marshal Model wuxuu dhisay xarunta guud ee Army Group B ee Rimbacher Gasthaus "Katzmann." Maxkamaddan, oo hoos taysay maamulka General Rudolf Huebner, waxay ku taallay Oberirsener Gaststätte "Pick." Sarkaalka shanaad, Captain Willi Oskar Bratge, wuxuu ku dhacay gacanta Mareykanka intii lagu jiray qabashadii Ludendorff Bridge, sidaas darteed wuxuu ka baxsaday dhimasho. === Taariikhda Dhow === Qiyaastii 1990, Birnbach waxay heshay fiiro gaar ah sababtoo ah dhacdo lala yeeshay koox Bruderhofers ah oo degeen Birnbach oo ka dhiseen bulsho ka weyn halkaas. Waxqabadka dadka deegaanka wuxuu ka hor yimid bulshadaas illaa 1995 markii Bruderhofers ay ugu dambeyntii ka tageen tuulada. Hantidii Bruderhofers waxaa la wareegay New Religious Movement Lectorium Rosicrucianum, oo furay xarun maamul iyo shirarka ee Birnbach sannadkii 2000. === Koriinka Dadweynaha === Koriinka dadweynaha ee degmada Birnbach. Qiimayaasha laga bilaabo 1871 illaa 1987 waxay ku perustaan yihiin tirakoobyada. <div style="display:flex;"> {| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align:right; margin:0.1em; clear:none;" ! Sannadka !! Dadweynaha |- | 1815 || 140 |- | 1835 || 208 |- | 1871 || 252 |- | 1905 || 292 |- | 1939 || 307 |- | 1950 || 391 |- | 1961 || 442 |} {| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align:right; margin:0.1em; clear:none;" ! Sannadka !! Dadweynaha |- | 1970 || 423 |- | 1987 || 460 |- | 1997 || 582 |- | 2005 || 626 |- | 2011 || 599 |- | 2017 || 628 |- | {{EWDJ|DE-RP}} || {{Population Germany|key=07132009}}<ref>{{Population Germany|key=07|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |} </div> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha Deegaanka === Golaha deegaanka ee Birnbach wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba iyo toban xubnood oo gole oo lagu doorray doorashadii ahalanka ee doorashadii deegaanka ee May 26, 2019, iyo meyerka sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. Mario Müller wuxuu noqday meyerka Birnbach ee July 3, 2019. == Taallooyinka == * Kaniisadda Evangelical Parish Church Birnbach waxay ka tirsan tahay qarnigii 13aad. Cusbooneysiinta kaniisadda iyo munaaradda waxay dhacday 1893 illaa 1900 oo uu sameeyay architect Ludwig Hofmann, oo uu dhaqaaleeyay Emil Weyerbusch. * Xarunta magaalada waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha timber-frame-ka ah ee ugu dhow ee gobolka Altenkirchen: steeshan hore oo boostada ah oo ka tirsan qarnigii 16aad. == Dhaqaalaha == Birnbach waa bulsho deegaan oo ay sifeeyso beerashada. Maanta, waxaa wali jira afar ganacsi oo beero oo buuxa, oo ay la socdaan ganacsiyo xirfadeed oo gobolka ah, dukaamada raashinka, iyo aqal buugaagta lagu daabaco. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0r5chyjvk8pirexajpk67lx0vyotlfq 0 49971 303872 2026-08-02T15:11:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_coa = DEU Bischbrunn COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|49|52|13|N|09|29|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Bischbrunn in MSP.svg | state = | region = Unterfranken | district = Main-Spessart | Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Marktheidenfeld | elevation = 395 | area = 36.18 | postal_code = 97836, 97852 (Schleifmühle) | area_code = 09394 | licence = MSP | Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 77 120 | website = {{URL|http://www.bischbrunn.de}} | mayor = Agnes Engelhardt<ref name=mayor>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 | party = }} '''Bischbrunn''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ay ku nool yihiin ku dhawaad 1,800 (2013) oo qof oo ku taal gobolka [[Main-Spessart|Main-Spessart]] ee ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Lower Franconia]] (''Unterfranken'') ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]] waxayna xubno ka tahay ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' (Bulshada Maamulka) ee Marktheidenfeld. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Bischbrunn waxay ku taallaa gobolka Main-Spessart, ee Gobolka [[Würzburg]]. Waxay ku taallaa silsiladda buuraha ee [[Spessart]]. [[Geiersberg (Spessart)|Geiersberg]], oo ah mahadnaqa ugu sarreeya ee Spessart wuxuu ku yaallaa dhulka degmada. Bulshadu waxay leedahay ''Gemarkungen'' ee soo socda (aagagga miyiga ee hanti-dhaqameedka ah): Bischbrunn, Bischbrunner Forst, Fürstlich Löwenstein'scher Park, Oberndorf. ==Taariikhda== Sida qayb ka mid ah [[Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]], Bischbrunn waxay ku dhalatay ''[[Reichsdeputationshauptschluss]]'' sannadkii 1803 iyadoo loo beddelay [[Principality of Aschaffenburg]] ee dhowaan la dhisay, oo ay la soo martay 1814 [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]]. Intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee Bavaria, bulshada hadda jirta waxay ku dhalatay ''Gemeindeedikt'' ("Edict deegaanka") ee 1818. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Xuduudaha magaalada dhexdeeda, 1,855 oo qof ayaa lagu tiriyay 1970, 1,723 ee 1987 iyo 2000 1,917. ==Dhaqaalaha== Cushuuraha degmada ee 1999 waxay gaareen €704,000 (oo loo badalay), oo ay canshuuraha ganacsiga safiga ah ka ahaayeen €81,000. Sida ku xusan tirakoobyada rasmiga ah, waxaa jiray 67 shaqaale ah oo ku jira diiwaanka kaassada daryeelka bulshada oo ka shaqaynayay ganacsiyada wax soo saara 1998. Ganacsiga iyo [[transport|gaadiidka]] tani waxay ahayd 0, iyo 735 oo shaqaale ah oo ka shaqaynayay guriga. Qofna kama shaqaynaynin ganacsiyada habaynta. Lix ganacsi ayaa ku jiray dhismaha, intaas waxaa dheer, 1999, waxaa jiray 26 hawlgal oo beeraha ah oo leh aag shaqo oo ah 204&nbsp;ha, oo ay 99&nbsp;ha tahay dhul beereed iyo 104&nbsp;ha ay tahay dhul daaqsin ah. ==Xukuumadda== Dhanka maamulka, Bischbrunn waxay qayb ka tahay gobolka [[Main-Spessart|Main-Spessart]] (xaruntu tahay Karlstadt) ee ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Lower Franconia]] (xaruntu tahay Würzburg) waxayna xubno ka tahay ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' (Bulshada Maamulka) ee Marktheidenfeld. Meyerka Bischbrunn waa Agnes Engelhardt (''Bürgerliste''), oo xilka haysa tan iyo 2016.<ref name=mayor/> ===Astaanta=== Degmada [[Coat of arms|astaanteeda]] waxay noqon kartaa: Per pale, dexter argent a sprig of oak in bend with three leaves vert acorned of three Or, sinister a well of the first masoned sable over which a pail of the third hanging on a chain of the last, itself hanging from the peak of a pointed, outwards bowed frame of the first astride and on the well with a fleur-de-lis on the peak. ==Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha== ===Gaadiidka=== [[Bundesautobahn 3]] wuxuu dhex maraa dhulka Bischbrunn. Isgoysyada ugu dhow waxay ku yaallaan Rohrbrunn iyo [[Marktheidenfeld]]. ===Kuwa kale=== Aaladda baahinta ee weyn waxay ku taallaa Geiersberg. ==Waxbarashada== Sannadkii 1999 hay'adaha soo socda waxay ka jireen Bischbrunn: * [[Kindergarten|Xannaanada carruurta]]: 100 meelood oo leh 81 carruur ah * [[Primary school|Dugsiyada hoose]]: 1 oo leh 31 macallin iyo 444 arday ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.bischbrunn.de/ Websaydhka degmada] {{Commons category|Bischbrunn}} {{Authority control}} t22nnyjzz5g6rlewb7jjclhwujeh6b5 0 49972 303873 2026-08-02T15:13:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Bischoffen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|N|08|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lahn-Dill-Kreis Bischoffen.png |state = |region = Gießen |district = Lahn-Dill-Kreis |elevation = 307 |area = 35.37 |postal_code = 35649 |area_code = 06444 |licence = LDK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 32 002 |website = [http://www.bischoffen.de www.bischoffen.de] |mayor = Marco Herrmann<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Bischoffen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪʃɔfn̩}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Lahn-Dill-Kreis]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Bischoffen waxay ku taallaa Buuraha Lahn-Dill ee [[Aar Dam]] (''Aartalsperre''). Biyo-xeenkaani wuxuu celiyaa webiga Aar, oo ah laan ka tirsan [[Dill (river)|Dill]], oo dhisaya haro 57-ha ah oo ujeeddadeedu tahay uun [[flood control|xakamaynta fatahaadda]], iyadoo dabcan ay sidoo kale leedahay ushiisa [[recreation|nasashada]]. [[Image:Kirche Niederweidbach.jpg|thumb|left|Niederweidbach iyo Marienkirche]] ====Niederweidbach==== Waxay u dhaxaysaa tuulooyinka Bischoffen (oo iyadu ah degmo qayb ka ah, runtana ah magaca degmada ka soo bilaabatay, laakiin xarunta ugu weyn oo aan ahayn halkaas), Oberweidbach, Roßbach, [[Mudersbach (Hohenahr)|Mudersbach]] iyo [[Ahrdt]], Niederweidbach waxay ku taallaa dhanka xeebta ee Aartalsee, [[Reservoir (water)|harada gacanta lagu haysay]] ee uu sameeyay Aar Dam. Waxay sidoo cual ku taallaa qaybta Waddo Weyn ee Federaalka (''Bundesstraße'') B&nbsp;255 oo u dhaxaysa [[Herborn (Hesse)|Herborn]] iyo [[Gladenbach]]. q.v. [[#Niederweidbach's_history|Taariikhda Niederweidbach]] ===Degaannada jaarka ah=== Bischoffen waxay xad la leedahay waqooyiga degmada [[Bad Endbach]] iyo magaalada [[Gladenbach]], bariga degmada [[Lohra, Germany|Lohra]] (saddexduba ku yaal [[Marburg-Biedenkopf]]), koonfur-bariga degmada [[Biebertal]] (gobolka [[Gießen (district)|Gießen]]), koonfurta degmada [[Hohenahr]], koonfur-galbeed degmada [[Mittenaar]], iyo galbeedka degmada [[Siegbach]] (saddexduba ku yaal Lahn-Dill-Kreis). ===Degaannada ka tirsan=== Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay xarmaha Bischoffen, Niederweidbach, Oberweidbach, Roßbach iyo Wilsbach. Niederweidbach waa degmada ugu weyn Bischoffen, waana xarunteeda maamul. ==Taariikhda== Niederweidbach iyo Oberweidbach waxaa lagu xusay Codex Eberhardi ee Monastery-ga Fulda goor hore, sannadkii 802. Xusidda ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah ee degmooyinka kale waxay raacday dhammaadkii qarnigii 13aad ama bilowgii qarnigii 14aad. Tuulooyinku waxay ku tirsanaayeen xukkumaal diimeed iyo kuwo caadi ah oo kala duwan, laakiin qayb weyn oo ka mid ah aagga degmada ee hadda waxay ka mid noqotay County of Solms markii waqtigu socday, iyada oo loo marayo qaybinta hantida, ballanqaadyada iyo colada. Afar ka mid ah manaafiicda gobolka, sida Landgraves ee Hesse, Electors ee Mainz, Free Imperial City ee Wetzlar iyo Counts ee Nassau, jawiga siyaasadeed inta badan ma ahayn mid degan. Sannadkii [[Thirty Years' War]], dadka deegaanka waxay u dhibtoodeen baahi, dhibaato iyo burbur. Tuulooyinku si tartiib ah ayay uga soo kabsadeen intaas oo dhan. Bischoffen-ka maanta waxay ahayd, [[Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe]], mid loo qaybiyay laba degmo oo kala ah Oberbischoffen iyo Niederbischoffen (''Ober–'' = Sare; ''Nieder–'' = Hoose). Oberbischoffen waxay ku dhimatay intii uu socday [[Bubonic plague|Abaarta]] iyo [[epidemic|cudurrada]] kale dartiis waxana loo ka tagay. Niederbischoffen ayaa ka dib, dokumentiyadii ka dambeeyay, lagu dhihi jiray uun Bischoffen. Bischoffen waxay heshay muhiimad gaar ah iyadoo la dhisay waddada ganacsiga ee [[Cologne]]-[[Leipzig]], oo waddadeeda pitadeeda Aar-Salzböde [[railway|tareenka]] iyo Waddo Weyn ee Federaalka (''Bundesstraße'') B&nbsp;255 ka dib lagu dhisay. Bilaabashadii qarnigii 19aad, aagga markale ayaa loo qaybiyay: Bischoffen, Niederweidbach iyo Roßbach waxay u wareegeen [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]], Ahrdt iyo Mudersbach-na [[Kingdom of Prussia|Boqortooyada Prussia]]. Ilmaa dib-u-habaynta degmada ee 1972, xarmaha ka baxsan degmada waxay ka tirsanaayeen gobolka Biedenkopf, laakiin marka loo eego goobtooda iyo ujeeddada dhaqaale, waxaa loo assigned gareeyay Lahn-Dill-Kreis-ka cusub. ===Taariikhda Niederweidbach=== Ka dib xusiddeeda ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah ee ''Codex Eberhardi'' sannadkii 802 sida "Weidenbach", tuuladu waxay u qaybsantay laba, Oberweidbach iyo Niederweidbach, qarnigii 14aad, iyada oo la mid ah wixii lagu sameeyay Bischoffen-ka jaarka ah. Sannadkii 1432, tuulooyinka waxaa loo siiyay House of Solms-Hohensolms, waxaana loo wareejiyay Count of Solms-Hohensolms sannadkii 1606. Laga bilaabo 1628, waxay ka tirsanaayeen [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha deegaanka=== {{update section|date=July 2021}} Doorashadii deegaanka ee dhacday 26 March 2006 waxay bixisay natiijooyinka soo socda: {| cellpadding="2" style="width:180px; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;" | style="text-align:left;" | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] || 9 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | FWG || 7 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || 4 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | Kommunal Direkt || 3 kuraas |} <small>Fiiro gaar ah: FWG waa isbahaysi dadweynaha ah.</small> ===Astaanta=== Bischoffen deegaankeeda [[coat of arms|astaanteeda]] waxay ka kooban tahay: A bend wavy argent, above, in azure the crook of a bishop's crozier sinister Or, below, in vert an inverted scallop shell Or. Mawjadda bend waxay u taagan tahay webiga Aar, oo dhex mara degmada. Ushuu wuxuu u taagan yahay magaca degmada (ka soo bilaabatay [[German language|Jarmalka]] ''Bischof'' – [[bishop|obbo]]). Shell-ka [[scallop]] wuxuu u taagan yahay [[Saint James the Great]], Niederweidbach ee [[patron saint|awliyo dhiirrigeliyaha]], oo calaamadiisa dhaqanka ah ay tahay shell-kan. ==Booqashada== ===Marienkirche=== Munaaradda derbiga ee Niederweidbach, oo lagu dhisay qaybo ka mid ah [[town wall|derbiga magaalada]], iyada oo dhisnayd qarnigii 11aad, waxaa loo beddelay [[chapel|kaniisad yar]] – maadaama Niederweidbach ay ka tirsanayd Altenkirchen Parish – ee uu sameeyay Reverend Hartong, oo sii fadhiyay 1498 dhanka galbeed oo leh [[church (building)|kaniisad]] dhab ah [[nave]]. ==Buugaagta== * ''802–2002 – Weidbach 1200 Jahre – Ein Heimatbuch'', oo ay daabacday ''Interessensgemeinschaft Weidbacher Vereine e.V.'' sannadkii 2002 ee xuskeeda 1200-sano ee Niederweidbach iyo Oberweidbach. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://koob24.de/privat/aartalsee.htm Aartalsee] {{Authority control}} lz7wq4h0i6qvj3y2jpfkjh8oaqlxg16 303938 303873 2026-08-03T01:04:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Bischoffen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|N|08|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lahn-Dill-Kreis Bischoffen.png |state = |region = Gießen |district = Lahn-Dill-Kreis |elevation = 307 |area = 35.37 |postal_code = 35649 |area_code = 06444 |licence = LDK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 32 002 |website = [http://www.bischoffen.de www.bischoffen.de] |mayor = Marco Herrmann<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Bischoffen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪʃɔfn̩}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Lahn-Dill-Kreis]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Bischoffen waxay ku taallaa Buuraha Lahn-Dill ee [[Aar Dam]] (''Aartalsperre''). Biyo-xeenkaani wuxuu celiyaa webiga Aar, oo ah laan ka tirsan [[Dill (river)|Dill]], oo dhisaya haro 57-ha ah oo ujeeddadeedu tahay uun [[flood control|xakamaynta fatahaadda]], iyadoo dabcan ay sidoo kale leedahay ushiisa [[recreation|nasashada]]. [[Image:Kirche Niederweidbach.jpg|thumb|left|Niederweidbach iyo Marienkirche]] ====Niederweidbach==== Waxay u dhaxaysaa tuulooyinka Bischoffen (oo iyadu ah degmo qayb ka ah, runtana ah magaca degmada ka soo bilaabatay, laakiin xarunta ugu weyn oo aan ahayn halkaas), Oberweidbach, Roßbach, [[Mudersbach (Hohenahr)|Mudersbach]] iyo [[Ahrdt]], Niederweidbach waxay ku taallaa dhanka xeebta ee Aartalsee, [[Reservoir (water)|harada gacanta lagu haysay]] ee uu sameeyay Aar Dam. Waxay sidoo cual ku taallaa qaybta Waddo Weyn ee Federaalka (''Bundesstraße'') B&nbsp;255 oo u dhaxaysa [[Herborn (Hesse)|Herborn]] iyo [[Gladenbach]]. q.v. [[#Niederweidbach's_history|Taariikhda Niederweidbach]] ===Degaannada jaarka ah=== Bischoffen waxay xad la leedahay waqooyiga degmada [[Bad Endbach]] iyo magaalada [[Gladenbach]], bariga degmada [[Lohra, Germany|Lohra]] (saddexduba ku yaal [[Marburg-Biedenkopf]]), koonfur-bariga degmada [[Biebertal]] (gobolka [[Gießen (district)|Gießen]]), koonfurta degmada [[Hohenahr]], koonfur-galbeed degmada [[Mittenaar]], iyo galbeedka degmada [[Siegbach]] (saddexduba ku yaal Lahn-Dill-Kreis). ===Degaannada ka tirsan=== Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay xarmaha Bischoffen, Niederweidbach, Oberweidbach, Roßbach iyo Wilsbach. Niederweidbach waa degmada ugu weyn Bischoffen, waana xarunteeda maamul. ==Taariikhda== Niederweidbach iyo Oberweidbach waxaa lagu xusay Codex Eberhardi ee Monastery-ga Fulda goor hore, sannadkii 802. Xusidda ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah ee degmooyinka kale waxay raacday dhammaadkii qarnigii 13aad ama bilowgii qarnigii 14aad. Tuulooyinku waxay ku tirsanaayeen xukkumaal diimeed iyo kuwo caadi ah oo kala duwan, laakiin qayb weyn oo ka mid ah aagga degmada ee hadda waxay ka mid noqotay County of Solms markii waqtigu socday, iyada oo loo marayo qaybinta hantida, ballanqaadyada iyo colada. Afar ka mid ah manaafiicda gobolka, sida Landgraves ee Hesse, Electors ee Mainz, Free Imperial City ee Wetzlar iyo Counts ee Nassau, jawiga siyaasadeed inta badan ma ahayn mid degan. Sannadkii [[Thirty Years' War]], dadka deegaanka waxay u dhibtoodeen baahi, dhibaato iyo burbur. Tuulooyinku si tartiib ah ayay uga soo kabsadeen intaas oo dhan. Bischoffen-ka maanta waxay ahayd, [[Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe]], mid loo qaybiyay laba degmo oo kala ah Oberbischoffen iyo Niederbischoffen (''Ober–'' = Sare; ''Nieder–'' = Hoose). Oberbischoffen waxay ku dhimatay intii uu socday [[Bubonic plague|Abaarta]] iyo [[epidemic|cudurrada]] kale dartiis waxana loo ka tagay. Niederbischoffen ayaa ka dib, dokumentiyadii ka dambeeyay, lagu dhihi jiray uun Bischoffen. Bischoffen waxay heshay muhiimad gaar ah iyadoo la dhisay waddada ganacsiga ee [[Cologne]]-[[Leipzig]], oo waddadeeda pitadeeda Aar-Salzböde [[railway|tareenka]] iyo Waddo Weyn ee Federaalka (''Bundesstraße'') B&nbsp;255 ka dib lagu dhisay. Bilaabashadii qarnigii 19aad, aagga markale ayaa loo qaybiyay: Bischoffen, Niederweidbach iyo Roßbach waxay u wareegeen [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]], Ahrdt iyo Mudersbach-na [[Kingdom of Prussia|Boqortooyada Prussia]]. Ilmaa dib-u-habaynta degmada ee 1972, xarmaha ka baxsan degmada waxay ka tirsanaayeen gobolka Biedenkopf, laakiin marka loo eego goobtooda iyo ujeeddada dhaqaale, waxaa loo assigned gareeyay Lahn-Dill-Kreis-ka cusub. ===Taariikhda Niederweidbach=== Ka dib xusiddeeda ugu horreysay ee dokumenti ah ee ''Codex Eberhardi'' sannadkii 802 sida "Weidenbach", tuuladu waxay u qaybsantay laba, Oberweidbach iyo Niederweidbach, qarnigii 14aad, iyada oo la mid ah wixii lagu sameeyay Bischoffen-ka jaarka ah. Sannadkii 1432, tuulooyinka waxaa loo siiyay House of Solms-Hohensolms, waxaana loo wareejiyay Count of Solms-Hohensolms sannadkii 1606. Laga bilaabo 1628, waxay ka tirsanaayeen [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha deegaanka=== {{update section|date=July 2021}} Doorashadii deegaanka ee dhacday 26 March 2006 waxay bixisay natiijooyinka soo socda: {| cellpadding="2" style="width:180px; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;" | style="text-align:left;" | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] || 9 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | FWG || 7 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || 4 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | Kommunal Direkt || 3 kuraas |} <small>Fiiro gaar ah: FWG waa isbahaysi dadweynaha ah.</small> ===Astaanta=== Bischoffen deegaankeeda [[coat of arms|astaanteeda]] waxay ka kooban tahay: A bend wavy argent, above, in azure the crook of a bishop's crozier sinister Or, below, in vert an inverted scallop shell Or. Mawjadda bend waxay u taagan tahay webiga Aar, oo dhex mara degmada. Ushuu wuxuu u taagan yahay magaca degmada (ka soo bilaabatay [[German language|Jarmalka]] ''Bischof'' – [[bishop|obbo]]). Shell-ka [[scallop]] wuxuu u taagan yahay [[Saint James the Great]], Niederweidbach ee [[patron saint|awliyo dhiirrigeliyaha]], oo calaamadiisa dhaqanka ah ay tahay shell-kan. ==Booqashada== ===Marienkirche=== Munaaradda derbiga ee Niederweidbach, oo lagu dhisay qaybo ka mid ah [[town wall|derbiga magaalada]], iyada oo dhisnayd qarnigii 11aad, waxaa loo beddelay [[chapel|kaniisad yar]] – maadaama Niederweidbach ay ka tirsanayd Altenkirchen Parish – ee uu sameeyay Reverend Hartong, oo sii fadhiyay 1498 dhanka galbeed oo leh [[church (building)|kaniisad]] dhab ah [[nave]]. ==Buugaagta== * ''802–2002 – Weidbach 1200 Jahre – Ein Heimatbuch'', oo ay daabacday ''Interessensgemeinschaft Weidbacher Vereine e.V.'' sannadkii 2002 ee xuskeeda 1200-sano ee Niederweidbach iyo Oberweidbach. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://koob24.de/privat/aartalsee.htm Aartalsee] {{Wayback|url=http://koob24.de/privat/aartalsee.htm |date=20120204211626 }} {{Authority control}} mjc0t26f6bbvcf6j6sjsz864xzbf6ez 0 49973 303874 2026-08-02T15:14:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bischofrod COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|32|N|10|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bischofrod in HBN.png |state = |district = Hildburghausen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Feldstein |elevation = 390 |area = 5.42 |postal_code = 98553 |area_code = 036873 |licence = HBN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 69 004 |mayor = Tobias Jäger<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Bischofrod''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Hildburghausen (district)|Hildburghausen]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2zyqk7xr00dkp28qh8kuv5alfz795l8 0 49974 303875 2026-08-02T15:16:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Bischofroda.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|3|26|N|10|21|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bischofroda in WAK.png |state = |district = Wartburgkreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hainich-Werratal |elevation = 225 |area = 10.05 |postal_code = 99826 |area_code = 036924 |licence = WAK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 63 008 |website = |mayor = Markus Riesner<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Bischofroda''' ({{IPA|de|bɪʃɔfˈʁoːda}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Wartburgkreis]] ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} k49xrsqxuvxmmqzyz5lulbxm352a5it 0 49975 303876 2026-08-02T15:17:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bischofsgrün COA.svg |image_photo = Ochsenkopf - Asenturm - Bischofsgrün, BT v S, Fichtelgeb 05.jpg |image_caption = Bischofsgrün oo ka muuqata [[Ochsenkopf (Fichtel Mountains)|Ochsenkopf]] |coordinates = {{coord|50|3|9.36|N|11|47|45.53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bischofsgrün in BT.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Bayreuth |elevation = 676 |area = 8.39 |postal_code = 95493 |area_code = 09276 |licence = BT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 72 121 |website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20071213110607/http://www.bischofsgruen.de/ www.bischofsgruen.de] |mayor = Michael Schreier<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Bischofsgrün''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Bayreuth (district)|Bayreuth]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. Bischofsgrün waxay ku taallaa [[Fichtel Mountains]] oo u dhaxaysa labada buurood ee ugu waaweyn silsiladda; [[Schneeberg (Fichtel Mountains)|Schneeberg]] (1051 m) iyo [[Ochsenkopf (Fichtel Mountains)|Ochsenkopf]] (1024 m). [[Ochsenkopf North Chairlift]] wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Bischofsgrün waana mid ka mid ah laba kursi oo kor u qaada ilaa meesha ugu sarreysa ee Ochsenkopf, taas oo ka dhigaysa magaalada goob ku habboon nasashada bannaanka ee sannadka oo dhan. Intii lagu jiray miexeeda jiilaalka dalxiisayaashu waxay u shubmaan aagga [[alpine skiing|skii-ga buuraha]], [[cross country skiing|skii-ga dalka dhexdiisa]], iyo [[sledding|slyeet-ka]]. Intii lagu jiray xagaaga, [[mountain biking|baaskiil-wadista buuraha]] iyo [[hiking|soconka]] waa kuwa caan ah. Bischofsgrün waxaa loo rumeysan yahay inay tahay magaalada ay fanka [[glassblowing|uulinta galaaska]] ka noqotay ganacsi dhab ah.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} Uulinta galaaska ma aha mid lagama maarmaan ah oo keliya maanta, laakiin Bischofsgrün waxay noqotay wax u eg soo-jiidashada dalxiisayaasha, ma aha koriinkeedii dartiis, laakiin kor u kaceeda la'aanteed. Sida ay leedahay qaar ka mid ah meelaha nasashada ee miyiga oo ku yaal buuraha hoose, waxay sidoo kale waliba leedahay beero yar, ugu yaraan maxali ahaaneed [[microbrewery]], iyo kaniisado dhagax oo cajiib ah. Bischofsgrün waxay ku taallaa [[White Main]] waxayna tahay meesha uu ka bilaabmo laanta White Main ee jidka baaskiilka ee [[Main-Radweg]] oo u dheer qiyaastii 600&nbsp;km pitada [[Main (river)|webiga Main]] ilaa afka [[Rhine]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Henrik Ohlmeyer]], skii-stunt-ga Jarmalka == Magaalooyinka jaarka ah == * {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Krásno (Sokolov District)|Krásno]], Jamhuuriyadda Tseke<ref>[http://mesto-krasno.cz/index.php?page=partnerska-obec Partnerství obcí Bischofsgrün a Krásno]</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bischofsgrun}} 0zh9xq65ocv6e2s6ht6byicthjyd04d 0 49976 303877 2026-08-02T15:19:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bischweier COA.svg |image_photo = Bischweier-St Annen-Kapelle-04-St Anna-gje.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda yar iyo Kaniisadda Saint Anne |coordinates = {{coord|48|50|16|N|08|17|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bischweier in RA.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Rastatt |elevation = 133 |area = 4.59 |postal_code = 76476 |area_code = 07222 |licence = RA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 16 006 |website = [http://www.bischweier.de www.bischweier.de] |mayor = Robert Wein<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Bischweier''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rastatt (district)|Rastatt]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. [[File:Bischweier, Kirche St. Anna.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Kaniisadda Saint Anne]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} c6o102au61mpvmbzif0g9ycbz3l60zc 0 49977 303878 2026-08-02T15:21:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bisingen |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = Ausblick nach Westen, Bisingen vom Traufgang - panoramio.jpg |image_caption = Bisingen oo ka muuqata bariga |image_coa = Wappen Bisingen.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|18|43|N|08|55|04|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bisingen in BL.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Zollernalbkreis |elevation = 561 |area = 32.83 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08417008 |postal_code = 72406 |area_code = 07476 |licence = BL |website = {{URL|https://www.gemeinde-bisingen.de/}} |mayor = Roman Waizenegger<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-bisingen-2021/ Bürgermeisterwahl Bisingen 2021], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Bisingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbiːzɪŋən}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Zollernalbkreis]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Bisingen waa mid ka mid ah deegaannada ugu dhow ee aagga, oo ay xaqiijiyeen dhowr raadraac oo ka tirsan [[Neolithic|Aagga Dhagaxa]], [[Bronze Age|Aagga Maaraha]], bilowgii [[Iron Age|Aagga Birta]] iyo [[La Tène culture|La Téne]] xilligii. Dhisidda Bisingen iyo Wessingen waxaa loo aanaynayaa [[Alemanni]] qiyaastii 300 A.D., iyadoo Steinhofen, Thanheim & Zimmern la dhisay qiyaastii 500 A.D. Xusidda ugu horreysay ee diiwaangashan ee Bisingen iyo Wessingen waxay ahayd 786 A.D.: Count-ka Franconian Gerold in der Baar wuxuu hanti ka soo bilaabatay ''Pisinguin'' (Bisingen) iyo ''Uassingun'' (Wessingen) u hadyeeyay [[Abbey of Saint Gall|monastery-ga St. Gallen]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gemeinde Bisingen: Gemeinde Bisingen|url=https://www.gemeinde-bisingen.de/|access-date=2020-08-10|website=www.gemeinde-bisingen.de}}</ref> Magaalooyinka Bisingen, {{ill|Thanheim, Bisingen|de|Thanheim (Bisingen)|lt=Thanheim}}, {{ill|Wessingen|de}}, iyo {{ill|Zimmern, Bisingen|de|Zimmern (Bisingen)|lt=Zimmern}} waxay qayb ka ahaayeen {{ill|Oberamt Hechingen|de}}, oo ah {{ill|Oberamt (Hohenzollern)|de|lt=gobol}} ka tirsan Principality of [[Hohenzollern-Hechingen]] iyo, laga bilaabo 1850, [[Kingdom of Prussia|Boqortooyada Prussia]]. Oberamt waxaa la laalay 1925 waxana la dhex xiray {{ill|Oberamt Haigerloch|de}} ee cusub ee {{ill|Landkreis Hechingen|de}}.<ref name="LEO-BW">{{cite web|title=Bisingen|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/16300/Bisingen|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=9 July 2020}}</ref> Sannadaha 1930-yadii, dadweynaha [[Romani people|Romani]] ee ka ku koray Steinhof si ay uga baxsdaan persecution-ka Württemberg waxaa, ka dib dadaalkii qareenka gobolka Julius Klink, la eryay.<ref>{{cite news|last=Münch|first=Paul|title=Ein Oskar Schindler aus Steinhofen?|url=https://www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de/inhalt.bisingen-ein-oskar-schindler-aus-steinhofen.a13d35d4-2530-4c3e-9a6e-6b1c28746ed1.html|work=[[Schwarzwälder Bote]]|date=12 October 2017|language=de|accessdate=12 October 2017}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray qaybtii dambe ee [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida]], laga bilaabo August 1944 illaa March 1945, {{ill|Bisingen concentration camp|de|KZ Bisingen|lt=a xero shaqo dhib ah}} waxay ka shaqaynaysay Bisingen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Das KZ Bisingen|url=https://museum-bisingen.de/geschichte/kz-und-werk-bisingen/|publisher=Museum Bisingen|language=de|accessdate=9 July 2020}}</ref> Dagaalka ka dib, Bisingen waxay bilaabay in ay si baaxad leh u fadhisato. Magaalada waxay korotay illaa 1970-yadii dhanka waqooyiga iyo bariga, iyo dhanka siyaasadda isla tobankii sano iyada oo isku xirtay Wessingen iyo Zimmern oo loo beddelay Bisingen 1972, oo ay raacday Thanheim 1974. Markii {{ill|1973 Baden-Württemberg district reform|de|Kreisreform Baden-Württemberg 1973|lt=Baden-Württemberg dib u habayn ku samaysay goboladeeda 1973}}, gobolka Hechingen waxaa ka dhalatay in la laalo, Bisingen-na waxaa loo assigned gareeyay [[Zollernalbkreis|gobolka cusub ee Zollernalb]]. Awoodda kiimikada ee Bisingen waxay bilaabay in ay fadhisato 1980-yadii, kororkani wuxuu sii socday illaa 1990-yadii.<ref name="LEO-BW" /> ==Juqraafiga== Bisingen waxay jismiyan ku taallaa dhanka waqooyi ee [[Swabian Jura]], u dhaxeysa buuraha [[Hundsrücken (Swabian Jura)|Hundsrücken]] iyo [[Hohenzollern (mountain)|Hohenzollern]]. Heerka ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu ka bilaabmaa hoos oo ah {{convert|485|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ee Klingenbach illaa kan ugu sarreeya oo ah {{convert|912|m|sp=us}} NN oo ku yaal meesha ugu sarreysa ee [[Zeller Horn]].<ref name=LEO-BW/> Qaybo ka mid ah ilaalinta Federaalka ee {{ill|Hohegert|de}}, {{ill|Irrenberg-Hundsrücken|de}}, iyo {{ill|Zollerhalde|de}} [[Naturschutzgebiet|dhismaha dabiiciga ah]] waxay ku yaallaan Bisingen.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ===Juqraafiga siyaasadda=== Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Bisingen waxay ku fadhidaa {{convert|32.84|km2|sp=us}} oo ka tirsan [[Zollernalbkreis|gobolka Zollernalb]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], oo ah [[States of Germany|gobol]] ka tirsan [[Federal Republic of Germany|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Jarmalka]].<ref name=LEO-BW/> Tuulooyinka [[abandoned villages|ka la tagay]] ee Hofen iyo Weiler waxay ku yaallaan Bisingen dhexdeeda. Weiler waxaa la xusay markii ugu horreysay 1328 sida "Wiler hinter Zollern" waxayna ka baaba'day qarnigii 15aad; waxay u badan tahay inay ka tirsanayd kaniisadda [[Maria Zell|Maria Zell]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden|volume=Band VII: Regierungsbezirk Tübingen|date=1978|publisher=[[Kohlhammer Verlag]]|language=de|isbn=3-17-004807-4|pages=206–08}}</ref> ==Astaanta== Bisingen deegaankeeda [[coat of arms|astaanteedu]] waa [[Divisions of the field|mid loo qaybiyay 'party per pale']] oo ah dhul [[Gules|gudood]] ah dhanka bidix iyo mid [[Or (heraldry)|jaalle]] ah dhanka khadka. Qaybta gudood dhexdeeda waxaa ku jira miter jaalle ah iyada oo qaybta jaallaha ah ay tahay kala go' guradii gear wheel gudood ah. Kuwani waa, si sse ah, tixraacyo loo leeyahay Lords ee Bisingen iyo kiimikada Bisingen. Pattern-kan waxaa markii ugu horreysay ansixiyay xukuumaddii ku meel gaarka ahayd ee [[Württemberg-Hohenzollern]] 14 September 1953. Xafiiska gobolka Zollernalb wuxuu dib u ansixiyay pattern-ka isticmaalka deegaanka 30 June 1982.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Gaadiidka== Bisingen waxay ku xiran tahay [[Bundesstraße|waddooyinka weyn ee Jarmalka]] ee [[Bundesstraße 27]] iyo tareenadeeda ee [[Tübingen–Sigmaringen railway]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * {{Official website}} (in German) {{Authority control}} 32j88drwl665wmb49r7ojx5d7jguw44 0 49978 303879 2026-08-02T15:23:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Bissee.svg |image_coa = DEU Bissee COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|10|N|10|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bissee in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Bordesholm |elevation = 44 |area = 9.27 |postal_code = 24582 |area_code = 04322 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 016 |website = [http://www.bordesholm.de www.bordesholm.de] |mayor = Sönke Harmann |party = }} '''Bissee''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} s2c6s0atchx3rdhi1ezfxs8aeygwuzc 0 49979 303880 2026-08-02T15:24:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bissendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|14|N|08|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bissendorf in OS.svg |state = |district = Osnabrück |elevation = 99 |area = 96.41 |postal_code = 49143 |area_code = 05402 |licence = OS, BSB, MEL, WTL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 59 012 |divisions = 13 |website = [http://www.bissendorf.de/ www.bissendorf.de] |mayor = Guido Halfter<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = independent }} '''Bissendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɪsn̩dɔʁf|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-PetiteTrolline-Bissendorf (Wedemark).wav}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Osnabrück (district)|Osnabrück]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 9&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Osnabrück]]. Dadkeeda waa 14,700 (2020). Waxay u qaybsantaa Bissendorf ee dhabta ah, [[Schledehausen]] iyo [[Wissingen]]. [[File:Bissendorf - Schelenburg - Wasserschloss -BT- 01.jpg|left|thumb|Biyo-qasrigii [[Schelenburg]], Bissendorf]] [[File:Bissendorf, die Sankt Dionysius-Kirche foto1 2013-09-29 16.41.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda: St. Dionysius]] [[File:Ledenburg.jpg|thumb|left|[[Schloss Ledenburg]]]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o0iipu9wfad79s63r7k9zzfo2okslkd 0 49980 303881 2026-08-02T15:27:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Village |Town = Ahlefeld-Bistensee |name = Bistensee |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Ahlefeld-Bistensee.png |image_coa = DEU Ahlefeld-Bistensee COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|24|2|N|9|41|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bistensee in RD.png |plantext = Goobta Bistensee ee Rendsburg-Eckernförde dhexdeeda |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |elevation = 15 |area = 5.87 |population = 276 |Stand = 2006-12-31 |postal_code = 24358 |area_code = 04353 |licence = RD |website = }} '''Bistensee''' waa degmo hore oo ka tirsan gobolka [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Tarikhu markay ahayd 1 Maarso 2008, waxaa la isku daray [[Ahlefeld]] si ay u samaysato degmada [[Ahlefeld-Bistensee]]. ==Tixraac== {{authority control}} {{Gumud}} n1csul4q6sqchfddv17yj6xaxcd5xhs 0 49981 303882 2026-08-02T15:28:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|47|37|N|7|41|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bitzen in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Hamm (Sieg) |elevation = 250 |area = 2.30 |postal_code = 57539 |area_code = 02682 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 010 |divisions = |website = [https://www.bitzen-online.de/website/index.php www.bitzen-online.de] |mayor = Armin Weigel<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = }} '''Bitzen''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6731d72s6gp2cm10dayxvcijt6buj7v 0 49982 303883 2026-08-02T15:29:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Blaibach.svg |image_photo = Pfarrkirche Blaibach.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Elisabeth |coordinates = {{coord|49|10|N|12|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Blaibach in CHA.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Cham |elevation = 394 |area = 17.02 |postal_code = 93476 |area_code = 0 99 41 |licence = CHA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 72 115 |website = [https://www.blaibach.de www.blaibach.de] |mayor = Monika Bergmann<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 19 October 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Blaibach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈblaɪbax}}; [[Northern Bavarian]]: ''Bloaba'') waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Cham (district)|Cham]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Duqyada magaala== Duqa magaalada waa Monika Bergmann, oo la doortay 2022. Duqyadii hore waxay ahaayeen Wolfgang Eckl (CSU/Freie Bürger), Ludwig Baumgartner (CSU/Freie Bürger) iyo Karl Trenner (CSU/Freie Bürger). [[File:Schloss Blaibach-3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Qasriga Blaibach (2016)]] ==Eeg sidoo kale== *[[Gotteszell–Blaibach railway]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fg6ti80x6dhmnqitioblb6wmkhkt75b 0 49983 303884 2026-08-02T15:31:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Blaichach COA.svg |image_photo = Blaichach - Pfarrkirche v SW, Wagneritz 01.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda baroshida |coordinates = {{coord|47|32|N|10|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Blaichach in OA.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Oberallgäu |elevation = 737 |area = 50.11 |postal_code = 87544 |area_code = 08321, 08323 |licence = OA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 80 115 |mayor = Christof Endreß<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |website = [http://www.blaichach.de www.blaichach.de] }} '''Blaichach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈblaɪçax}}) waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Oberallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} fhxesd1a8wy87p0xe4w3ndjw76pv185 0 49984 303885 2026-08-02T15:33:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Blankenfelde |name_local = |image_photo = Berlin-Blankenfelde church from south.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada |type = Quarter |City = Berlin |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|37|07|N|13|23|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = Pankow |divisions = [[Blankenfelde#Subdivision|2 aag]] |elevation = 80 |area = 13.4 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=110308}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = 13159 |area_code = |licence = B |year = 1375 |plantext = Goobta Blankenfelde ee Pankow iyo Berlin dhexdeeda |image_plan = Berlin Pankow Blankenfelde.png |website = }} '''Blankenfelde''' ({{IPA|de|ˈblaŋkŋ̍ˌfɛldə|lang|De-Blankenfelde.ogg}}) waa [[xaafad]] (''Ortsteil'') ku taallaa dhexdeeda [[Berlin]] degmada (''Bezirk'') ee [[Pankow]]. 95-ka xaafadood ee magaalada, waa meesha ugu hooseysa [[cufnaanta dadweynaha]].<ref>{{in lang|de}} [http://www.statistik-berlin.de/berl/regional/bez_ort_stg2005.pdf Boroughs, Localities, and Statistical Tracts from Berlin's Statistical Office]</ref> ==Taariikhda== Blankenfelde waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 1375 waxana lagu daray Berlin 1920 iyadoo la marayo "[[Greater Berlin Act]]". Dagaalkii [[World War II|Labaad ee Dunida]] ka dib, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[East Berlin|Berlin-ta Bariga]] laga bilaabo 1949 illaa 1990. Laga bilaabo 1961 illaa 1989, xuduudaheeda ka xiga barta galbeed waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Berlin Wall|Gudban Berlin]].<ref>{{in lang|de}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=WsIXVY8Q7tIC&dq=blankenfelde+auffanglager&pg=PA266 Historical data about Blankenfelde in DDR (page 226)]</ref> ==Juqraafiga== ===Dhuuxa jumlad ku aaddan=== Waxay ku taallaa miyiga waqooyi ee magaalada, Blankenfelde waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Brandenburg]] degmooyinkeeda [[Mühlenbecker Land]] ee gobolka [[Oberhavel]] iyo [[Wandlitz]] ee gobolka [[Barnim]]. Berlin dhexdeeda, xaafadaha deriska la ah waa [[Buch (Berlin)|Buch]], [[Französisch Buchholz]], iyo [[Rosenthal (Berlin)|Rosenthal]] ee degmada Pankow iyo [[Lübars]] ee [[Reinickendorf|degmada Reinickendorf]]. Harada ugu weyn ee Blankenfelde waa [[Arkenberger Baggersee]], oo ku taallaa qayb miyi ah oo ka tirsan [[Barnim Nature Park]].<ref>[http://www.np-barnim.de/ Infos on the NPB official website]. Click on "Naturpark", then click on "Region"</ref> ===Sahaaminta=== Blankenfelde waxay u qaybsantaa 2 aag (''Ortslagen''): *[[Arkenberge]] *[[Stadtrandsiedlung Blankenfelde]] ==Gaadiidka== Sida ay u dhex marayso linta ''[[Berlin S-Bahn|S-Bahn]]'' ee [[S8 (Berlin)|S8]], ma laha helitaan toos ah oo ku saabsan tareenka. Horey, waxaa looga adeegi jiray laan meesha ka baxday oo ka tirsan linta miyiga ee maxaliga ah, ''[[Heidekrautbahn]]'', oo ay [[Berlin-Blankenfelde station|saldhiga ka la tagay]] ku marag furayso. Plannada dib loogu shaqaysiinayo linti hore ee qayb ka ah [[Transport in Berlin#Public transport|gaadiidka dadweynaha ee Berlin]] waa kuwo la qiyaasay laakiin wali ma ahan kuwo la dhameystiray. [[Bus transport in Berlin|Linta baska]] 107 waxay u adeegtaa aagga. ==Galaari fanoon baladhan== <gallery widths=210> File:Berlin-Blankenfelde Bahnhof.JPG|Saldhigii hore ee [[Berlin-Blankenfelde station]] File:Berlin-Blankenfelde view from north.jpg|Muujinta waqooyi ee Blankenfelde </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline|Berlin-Blankenfelde|Blankenfelde}} {{Authority control}} rh1w05pp99zlaki2om83bxmdey8d07l 0 49985 303886 2026-08-02T15:34:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa =Wappen Blankenhagen.png |image_photo = Kirche Blankenhagen 03.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisaddii dhexe ee tuulada Blankenhagen |coordinates = {{coord|54|10|12|N|12|21|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Blankenhagen_in_LRO.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Rostocker Heide |elevation = 37 |area = 25.25 |postal_code = 18182 |area_code = 038201 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 015 |website = [http://www.amt-rostocker-heide.de www.amt-rostocker-heide.de] |mayor = Detlef Kröger |party = }} '''Blankenhagen''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} dq81uyy6q9byrc48l5z61yc5v9jb1hz 0 49986 303887 2026-08-02T15:41:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = Rathaus Blankenhain.JPG |image_caption = Aqalka dowladda hoose |image_coa = Wappen_blankenhain.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|50|51|36|N|11|20|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Blankenhain in AP.png |state = |district = Weimarer Land |elevation = 370-390 |area = 113.75 |postal_code = 99444 |area_code = 036459 |licence = AP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 71 008 |divisions = 23 |website = {{URL|https://www.blankenhain.de/}} |mayor = Jens Kramer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Blankenhain''' ({{IPA|de|ˈblaŋkn̩ˌhaɪn}}) waa [[magaalo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Weimarer Land]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=in}} koonfur ka xigtaa [[Weimar]]. ==Taariikhda== Ilaa [[Napoleonic Wars|Dagaalladii Napoleon]], Blankenhain waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Saxe-Weimar|Duchy ee Saxe-Weimar]]. Ka dib guuldarradii [[War of the Fourth Coalition|Isbahaysigii Apatad]] ee [[Battle of Jena–Auerstedt|Jena iyo Auerstedt]], [[Napoleon]] wuxuu xukunka Blankenhain ku xiray [[Principality of Erfurt]], isagoo si toos ah hoos xukunkiisa u keenay sida "domaine réservé à l'empereur" ({{langx|fr|domaine réservé à l'empereur}}), oo laga xoreeyay [[Confederation of the Rhine]] (oo magac ahaan ahayd ilaalinta Faransiiska oo loo dhisay in ay beddesho Holy Roman Empire oo baaba'day), oo ay gobollada ka kooban [[Thuringia]] ku soo biireen.<ref name="Erfurt Chronik 1806–1814">{{cite web |url=http://www.erfurt.de/ef/de/erleben/entdecken/geschichte/chronik/111885.html |title=1806–1814: Erfurt unter französischer Besetzung |trans-title=1806–1814: Erfurt under French occupation |publisher=Erfurt Stadtverwaltung [Erfurt city administration] |language=German |date= 22 January 2013|accessdate=2 January 2016 }}</ref> Ka dib [[Congress of Vienna]], [[Erfurt]] waxaa dib loogu soo celiyay [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] 21 June 1815, iyadoo noqotay caasimadda mid ka mid ah saddexda gobol (''{{lang|de|Regierungsbezirke}}'') ee gobolka cusub ee [[Province of Saxony]], laakiin qaybo koonfureed iyo bariga ka tirsan dhulka Erfurter waxay ku soo biireen Blankenhain iyagoo loo wareejiyay [[Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] ee cusub September-kii xigay.<ref name="Erfurt Chronik 1814–1850">{{cite web |url=http://www.erfurt.de/ef/de/erleben/entdecken/geschichte/chronik/111888.html |title=1814–1850: Erfurt im preußischen Staat |trans-title=1814–1850: Erfurt in the Prussian state |publisher=Erfurt Stadtverwaltung [Erfurt city administration] |language=German |date= 22 January 2013|accessdate=3 January 2016 }}</ref> Blankenhain waxay dhex ahaan jirtay Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach intii lagu jiray xilligii [[German Empire]] (1871–1918) iyo ilaa [[Weimar Republic]] illaa ay ka la midowday 7 ka mid ah 8-da kale ee [[Saxon duchies]] si ay u samayso [[Thuringia|Free State ee Thuringia]] ({{langx|de|Freistaat Thüringen}}). Ka dib markii si kooban loo maamulayay [[United States|Mareykanka]], laga bilaabo July 1945, gobolka Thuringia wuxuu hoos yimid [[Soviet occupation zone|aagga qabsashada Soofiyeeti]], waxana loo ballaariyay si ay ku jiraan qaybo ka tirsan Prussian Saxony, oo ay ku jirto [[Erfurt]], oo noqotay caasimadda cusub ee Thuringia. 1952, [[East Germany|Jarmalkii Bariga]] wuxuu laalay gobolladiisa, wuxuuna abuuray siday u kala horreeyaan gobollo (''{{lang|de|[[Administrative divisions of East Germany|Bezirke]]}}''), iyadoo Blankenhain ay ku dhex taallay gobolka miyiga ah ee {{lang|de|Kreis Weimar-Land}}, ee {{lang|de|[[Bezirk Erfurt]]}}. Gobolka Thuringia waxaa dib loo soo celiyay iyadoo xuduudaha laga yara beddelay intii lagu jiray [[German reunification|dib-u-midaynta Jarmalka]] 1990. Intii lagu jiray tartankii [[UEFA Euro 2024]], [[England national football team|kooxda qaranka ee kubadda cagta Ingiriiska]] waxay fadhiisinkeedu ahaa Blankenhain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/028a-1a13c01e4237-5989afa92bf7-1000--twenty-one-national-teams-confirm-team-base-camps-for-uefa/|title=Twenty-one national teams confirm team base camps for UEFA EURO 2024|website=[[UEFA]]|date=1 February 2024|access-date=31 October 2024}}</ref> === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * [[Otto Hammann]] (1852–1928), garyaqaan * Jörg Schneider (dhashay 1948), paleontologist * [[Christina Grosse]] (dhashay 1970), atirisho === Dadka ku xiran Blankenhain === * Johann Christoph Bach (1689–1740), organist, ina adeerka Johann Sebastian Bach * [[Max Burchartz]] (1887–1961), sawir-gacmeedyada iyo rinjiile, wuxuu waqti dheer ku lived Blankenhain * [[Wilhelm Hegeler]] (1870–1943), qoraa, wuxuu dhowr sano ku lived Blankenhain * Max Oehler (1881–1943), rinjiile, wuxuu beerta ku lahaa Blankenhain, wuxuuna sawiray magaalada iyo agagaarkeeda ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * {{Official website|http://www.blankenhain.de/}} * {{Commons category-inline|Blankenhain}} * [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=]] Wikisource waxay leedahay qoraallo ku saabsan Blankenhain: ** [[:s:de:Topographia Superioris Saxoniae: Blanckenhain|Blanckenhain]] ee ''{{lang|la|Topographia Superioris Saxoniae}}'' (by [[Matthäus Merian]] iyo [[Martin Zeiler]]) ** "{{lang|de|[[:s:de:Der Galgenbaum bei Blankenhain|Der Galgenbaum bei Blankenhain]]}}" ["The Gallows-tree of Blankenhain"] ee ''{{lang|de|Der Sagenschatz des Königreichs Sachsen}}'' [''The Folklore of the Kingdom of Saxony''] by [[Johann Georg Theodor Grässe]] {{Authority control}} izg17zmsy576xom8xy960xudtbtrigf 303939 303887 2026-08-03T01:14:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = Rathaus Blankenhain.JPG |image_caption = Aqalka dowladda hoose |image_coa = Wappen_blankenhain.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|50|51|36|N|11|20|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Blankenhain in AP.png |state = |district = Weimarer Land |elevation = 370-390 |area = 113.75 |postal_code = 99444 |area_code = 036459 |licence = AP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 71 008 |divisions = 23 |website = {{URL|https://www.blankenhain.de/}} |mayor = Jens Kramer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Blankenhain''' ({{IPA|de|ˈblaŋkn̩ˌhaɪn}}) waa [[magaalo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Weimarer Land]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=in}} koonfur ka xigtaa [[Weimar]]. ==Taariikhda== Ilaa [[Napoleonic Wars|Dagaalladii Napoleon]], Blankenhain waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Saxe-Weimar|Duchy ee Saxe-Weimar]]. Ka dib guuldarradii [[War of the Fourth Coalition|Isbahaysigii Apatad]] ee [[Battle of Jena–Auerstedt|Jena iyo Auerstedt]], [[Napoleon]] wuxuu xukunka Blankenhain ku xiray [[Principality of Erfurt]], isagoo si toos ah hoos xukunkiisa u keenay sida "domaine réservé à l'empereur" ({{langx|fr|domaine réservé à l'empereur}}), oo laga xoreeyay [[Confederation of the Rhine]] (oo magac ahaan ahayd ilaalinta Faransiiska oo loo dhisay in ay beddesho Holy Roman Empire oo baaba'day), oo ay gobollada ka kooban [[Thuringia]] ku soo biireen.<ref name="Erfurt Chronik 1806–1814">{{cite web |url=http://www.erfurt.de/ef/de/erleben/entdecken/geschichte/chronik/111885.html |title=1806–1814: Erfurt unter französischer Besetzung |trans-title=1806–1814: Erfurt under French occupation |publisher=Erfurt Stadtverwaltung [Erfurt city administration] |language=German |date=22 January 2013 |accessdate=2 January 2016 |archive-date=25 Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925043753/https://www.erfurt.de/ef/de/erleben/entdecken/geschichte/chronik/111885.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka dib [[Congress of Vienna]], [[Erfurt]] waxaa dib loogu soo celiyay [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] 21 June 1815, iyadoo noqotay caasimadda mid ka mid ah saddexda gobol (''{{lang|de|Regierungsbezirke}}'') ee gobolka cusub ee [[Province of Saxony]], laakiin qaybo koonfureed iyo bariga ka tirsan dhulka Erfurter waxay ku soo biireen Blankenhain iyagoo loo wareejiyay [[Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] ee cusub September-kii xigay.<ref name="Erfurt Chronik 1814–1850">{{cite web |url=http://www.erfurt.de/ef/de/erleben/entdecken/geschichte/chronik/111888.html |title=1814–1850: Erfurt im preußischen Staat |trans-title=1814–1850: Erfurt in the Prussian state |publisher=Erfurt Stadtverwaltung [Erfurt city administration] |language=German |date=22 January 2013 |accessdate=3 January 2016 |archive-date=22 Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922074157/https://www.erfurt.de/ef/de/erleben/entdecken/geschichte/chronik/111888.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Blankenhain waxay dhex ahaan jirtay Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach intii lagu jiray xilligii [[German Empire]] (1871–1918) iyo ilaa [[Weimar Republic]] illaa ay ka la midowday 7 ka mid ah 8-da kale ee [[Saxon duchies]] si ay u samayso [[Thuringia|Free State ee Thuringia]] ({{langx|de|Freistaat Thüringen}}). Ka dib markii si kooban loo maamulayay [[United States|Mareykanka]], laga bilaabo July 1945, gobolka Thuringia wuxuu hoos yimid [[Soviet occupation zone|aagga qabsashada Soofiyeeti]], waxana loo ballaariyay si ay ku jiraan qaybo ka tirsan Prussian Saxony, oo ay ku jirto [[Erfurt]], oo noqotay caasimadda cusub ee Thuringia. 1952, [[East Germany|Jarmalkii Bariga]] wuxuu laalay gobolladiisa, wuxuuna abuuray siday u kala horreeyaan gobollo (''{{lang|de|[[Administrative divisions of East Germany|Bezirke]]}}''), iyadoo Blankenhain ay ku dhex taallay gobolka miyiga ah ee {{lang|de|Kreis Weimar-Land}}, ee {{lang|de|[[Bezirk Erfurt]]}}. Gobolka Thuringia waxaa dib loo soo celiyay iyadoo xuduudaha laga yara beddelay intii lagu jiray [[German reunification|dib-u-midaynta Jarmalka]] 1990. Intii lagu jiray tartankii [[UEFA Euro 2024]], [[England national football team|kooxda qaranka ee kubadda cagta Ingiriiska]] waxay fadhiisinkeedu ahaa Blankenhain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/028a-1a13c01e4237-5989afa92bf7-1000--twenty-one-national-teams-confirm-team-base-camps-for-uefa/|title=Twenty-one national teams confirm team base camps for UEFA EURO 2024|website=[[UEFA]]|date=1 February 2024|access-date=31 October 2024}}</ref> === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * [[Otto Hammann]] (1852–1928), garyaqaan * Jörg Schneider (dhashay 1948), paleontologist * [[Christina Grosse]] (dhashay 1970), atirisho === Dadka ku xiran Blankenhain === * Johann Christoph Bach (1689–1740), organist, ina adeerka Johann Sebastian Bach * [[Max Burchartz]] (1887–1961), sawir-gacmeedyada iyo rinjiile, wuxuu waqti dheer ku lived Blankenhain * [[Wilhelm Hegeler]] (1870–1943), qoraa, wuxuu dhowr sano ku lived Blankenhain * Max Oehler (1881–1943), rinjiile, wuxuu beerta ku lahaa Blankenhain, wuxuuna sawiray magaalada iyo agagaarkeeda ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * {{Official website|http://www.blankenhain.de/}} * {{Commons category-inline|Blankenhain}} * [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=]] Wikisource waxay leedahay qoraallo ku saabsan Blankenhain: ** [[:s:de:Topographia Superioris Saxoniae: Blanckenhain|Blanckenhain]] ee ''{{lang|la|Topographia Superioris Saxoniae}}'' (by [[Matthäus Merian]] iyo [[Martin Zeiler]]) ** "{{lang|de|[[:s:de:Der Galgenbaum bei Blankenhain|Der Galgenbaum bei Blankenhain]]}}" ["The Gallows-tree of Blankenhain"] ee ''{{lang|de|Der Sagenschatz des Königreichs Sachsen}}'' [''The Folklore of the Kingdom of Saxony''] by [[Johann Georg Theodor Grässe]] {{Authority control}} a4ub7f4bzsi5al67xq1cevyynozw4yr 0 49987 303888 2026-08-02T15:43:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|34|N|13|07|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Blankenhof in MBS.svg |image_photo = Gutshaus Gevezin.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Horey {{ill|Indianermuseum Gevezin|de}} ee Blankenhof |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Neverin |elevation = 55 |area = 18.23 |postal_code = 17039 |area_code = 0395, 03962 |licence = MST |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 010 |website = [http://www.amt-neverin.de www.amt-neverin.de] |mayor = Rita Borgwart }} '''Blankenhof''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. Xaafadaha Chemnitz iyo Gevezin waxay ka tirsan yihiin Blankenhof. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9nlj6uk0tdlu0f2u69ymamqe9dodi9s 0 49988 303889 2026-08-02T15:45:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Blaufelden COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|17|49|N|09|58|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Blaufelden in SHA.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Schwäbisch Hall |elevation = 460 |area = 90.18 |postal_code = 74572 |area_code = 07953 |licence = SHA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 27 008 |website = [http://www.blaufelden.de www.blaufelden.de] |mayor = Michael Stefan Dieterich<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-blaufelden-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Blaufelden 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = independent }} '''Blaufelden''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Schwäbisch Hall (district)|Schwäbisch Hall]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Deegaanka waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti ka soo baxay 1157. Dib-u-habaynta diinta (Reformation) waxaa Blaufelden la soo hordhigay 1526, waxayna ahayd Lutheran wixii markaas ka dambeeyay. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} tptlok3h5eglewbpyhandn6xwacfork 0 49989 303890 2026-08-02T15:46:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Bleckede |image_photo = Lausitz Luftsport- & Techniktage 2013-Hinflug by-RaBoe 0350.jpg |image_caption = Muujinta hawada |image_coa = DEU Bleckede COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|18|N|10|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bleckede in LG.svg |state = |district = Lüneburg |elevation = 6 |area = 140.65 |postal_code = 21354, 19273 |area_code = 038844, 05852, 05854, 05857 |licence = LG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 009 |website = [http://www.bleckede.de/ www.bleckede.de] |mayor = Dennis Neumann<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Bleckede''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbleːkədə}}; [[Polabian language|Polabian]] ''Bleketsa'') waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Lüneburg (district)|Lüneburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], ee waqooyiga [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay u badan tahay inay ku taallo bangiga bidix ee [[Elbe]], qiyaastii {{convert|20|km|mi}} bariga [[Lüneburg]]. Bleckede waxay ku taallaa [[German Timber-Frame Road]]. ==Taariikhda== ===Aagga Dhexe=== [[File:ElbSchloss Bleckede (2814473890).jpg|thumb|left|Qasri]] Sida uu socday [[Ostsiedlung|guntinta bariga]] aagga maanta oo ah Bleckede wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Duchy of Saxony]]. Magaca hadda jira wuxuu ka yimid kala duwanaansho ka weyn Bleketsa, ee [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] ah. Ka dib markii [[House of Welf|Welf]] Saxon, Duke [[Henry the Lion]], uu la dumay oo la tuuray 1180, Welfs waxay waayeen inta badan Saxony, oo uu ku jiro darajada ducal oo loo siiyay [[House of Ascania]]. Ascanians sidoo kasihina waxay sheegteen Bleckede. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wiilka Henry ee [[William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg|William of Winchester]] wuxuu ku murmay sheegashadaas wuxuuna ka dhigay Bleckede saldhigga Welf ee Elbe ku yaal 1209, si uu tallaabo ugu lahaado aagagga trans-Elbian oo ku jiray habka guntinta ee dadka ka yimid galbeedka. William wuxuu sidoo kale ka thuuray cashuur maraakiibta dhaxeeya Bleckede wuxuuna magacaabay magaalada si loo sharfo aabihiis Lowenstat (Magaalada Libaaxa; Löwenstadt). Qasri ayaa la dhisay si loo dhowro gudbidda Elbe iyo saldhigga cashuurta. Qasri waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1270, maanta qasri wuxuu isticmaalaa aasaaskii kii hore. Laakiin Ascanians ma ay dhiibin Duke [[Albert II, Duke of Saxony|Albert II ee Saxony]] wuxuu u dagaallamay Bleckede wiilka William ee [[Otto the Child]], oo ka helay taageero Prince-Archbishop Gilbert ee Bremen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jirin dhinac lahaan kara kii kale sidaas darteed waxay ku heswiiseen 1287 in la siiyo King [[Rudolph I of Germany]] si uu u go'aamiyo. Wuxuu u concedes Bleckede Saxony, sidaas darteed magaca Welf ee Lowenstat waa la tuuray Bleckede-na waxay noqotay mid ka adkaatay. 1293 dukes-ka Saxon waxay u granting Bleckede - iyada oo ku jira magaalooyinka kale - xuquuqda [[coin]]age. Dukes-ka wada-taliye ee Saxon Albert II iyo adeeradiis [[Albert III of Saxe-Lauenburg|Albert III]], [[Eric I of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric I]] iyo [[John II of Saxe-Lauenburg|John II]] waxay partitioned Saxony u qaybiyeen [[Saxe-Lauenburg]] iyo [[Saxe-Wittenberg]] ka hor 20 September 1296.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 375. {{ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5}}</ref> Bleckede waxay markaas qayb ka ahayd Saxe-Lauenburg, ee loo yaqaano ''Lower Saxony'', oo ka soo horjeeda ''[[Upper Saxony]]'' oo ah Saxe-Wittenberg. Saxe-Lauenburg waxay ceded Bleckede - oo leh cashuur iyo qasri - Margrave [[Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal|Waldemar ee Brandenburg-Stendal]], oo si dhakhso ah u vendiyay helitaankiisii cusbaa 1308 Duke-ka Welf ee [[Otto the Strict]], oo xukumayay laanta [[Lüneburg-Celle|Principality of Lunenburg (Lüneburg)]]. Muuqaal sano ka dib duke-ku wuxuu siiyay Bleckede [[town privileges]], iyadoo ay ku jirto waajibka ah in la xoojiyo magaalada. 1379 Duke [[Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duke of Lüneburg|Albert ee Lunenburg-Celle]] wuxuu pawned Bleckede castle creditors-kiisa [[Hamburg]], [[Free City of Lübeck|Lübeck]], [[Hanover]] iyo [[Lüneburg|Lunenburg (Lüneburg)]]. Kii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ku guuleystay in uu hesho Bleckede habka pawn illaa 1600. ===Aagga Casriga ah=== [[File:Bleikede (Merian).jpg|thumb|left|Muujinta qarnigii 17aad ee magaalada]] 1666 Bleckede waxay gubatay takhaatiir dhammaan. Ka dib [[Brunswick-Lüneburg|Brunswick iyo Lunenburg]]ian Duke [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George William]], prince ee laanta [[Lüneburg-Celle|Lunenburg (Celle)]], uu dhashay 1705, Bleckede — sida dhammaan principality — waxay merged dhaxalka iyada oo maraysa [[Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Electorate ee Brunswick iyo Lunenburg]], oo loo yaqaanno ka dib caasimaddeeda Electorate ee Hanover. Ka dib guriga [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] ee guusha ka dib electorate Bleckede waxaa la occupied, ka hor inta aan lagu darin ephemeric [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] ee March 1810, iyadoo samaynaysa qayb ka mid ah ''Lower Elbe département''. Ka dib [[Napoleonic Wars|Dagaalkii Dhexe ee Faransiiska]] Bleckede waxaa loo dib u soo celiyay Electorate ee Hanover 1813, oo la elevated to [[Kingdom of Hanover]] dhowr sano ka dib. Ka dib dib-u-midowga Prussian ee Hanover Bleckede waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Province of Hanover]] cusub 1866. Markii la soo bandhigay [[Districts of Prussia|Prussian-style district administration]] ee Hanover 1 April 1885 Bleckede waxay noqotay caasimadda cusub ee ''{{ill|Bleckede district|de|Kreis Bleckede}}'', oo merged u noqotay [[Lüneburg (district)|District ee Lunenburg (Lüneburg)]] 1 October 1932. ===Dagaalkii II ee Dunida iyo xilligii dagaalka ka dib=== [[File:Gedenkstein-alt-garge.JPG|thumb|Xusuusta goobta subcamp-ka maxaliga ah ee [[Neuengamme concentration camp]]]] Intii lagu jiray xilligii Nazi-ga maamulka gobolka Hanoveran wuxuu ku beddelay maamulka xisbiga Nazi Gau ee [[Gau Eastern Hanover|Eastern Hanover]] oo hoos yimaada gauleiter [[Otto Telschow]]. Subcamp oo ka tirsan [[Neuengamme concentration camp]] wuxuu ka jiray August 24, 1944 illaa February 15, 1945 ee xaafadda Alt Garge, oo maxaabiistiisu ay u badnaayeen [[Polish people|Poles]] oo lagu soo deported ka yimid [[Warsaw]] ka dib markii uu un-successful Polish [[Warsaw Uprising]].<ref name=kzgn>{{cite web|url=https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/en/history/satellite-camps/satellite-camps/alt-garge/|title=Alt Garge|website=KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref><ref>[http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html Official German list]</ref> Iyadoo leh [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied occupation ee Jarmalka]] xaaladda waa la beddelay mar kale. Ma jirin brigaad u dhaxaysa inta badan gobolka Hanover ee koonfurta ka xigta [[Elbe]], oo qayb ka ahayd aagga British-ka ee occupation ee Jarmalka, iyo qaybo yar oo waqooyiga Elbian ee Bleckede, gaar ahaan Neu Bleckede iyo Neu Wendischthun, oo runtii sidoo kale qayb ka ahayd aagga British-ka. Sidaas darteed British-ku waxay decided dib-u-habayn dhul oo ay ceded qaybaha waqooyiga Elbian ee Bleckede u siiyeen [[Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany]], gobolka Mecklenburg, iyaga oo ka dhigaya Bleckede mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka loo qaybiyay Jarmal loo qaybiyay dhexdiisa. Iyadoo Mecklenburg aaggaas wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah Bariga [[German Democratic Republic]] 1949. Aagga maamulka Bariga Jarmalka ee la socda [[Inner German border]], oo hermetically ka xirtay laga bilaabo 1952, wuxuu ka dhigay Galbeedka iyo bangiyada Elbe kuwo aan loo geli karin dadka degan Neu Bleckede iyo Neu Wendischthun. Qoysaska la u maleeyay in ay aad u dhow yihiin xuduudda ayaa la evacuated guryahoodana waa la demolished. Ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida]] British-ku waxay furteen [[displaced person camp]] ee qaybtooda Bleckede. Ka dib guuldarradii nidaamkii shuuciga ee Bariga Jarmalka 1989 ([[Die Wende]]) dadka degan qaybaha waqooyiga Elbian ee Bleckede (qayb ka mid ah gobolka cusub ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania|Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania]]) waxay demanded dib-u-midaynta ee galbeedka Bleckede, oo lahaan jirtay laga bilaabo 1946 gobolka Galbeedka Jarmalka ee [[Lower Saxony]]. Sidaas darteed labada gobol waxay ku heswiiseen heshiis interstate si loo disentangle Neu Bleckede iyo Neu Wendischthun, iyo sidoo kale degmada deriska ah ee [[Amt Neuhaus]] ka yimid Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania oo noqotay 30 June 1993, markii la annexed to Lower Saxony. Referendum-ka dadka degan Amt Neuhaus waxay u voted merger ee Bleckede 7 June 2009. Bleckede, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wali ma go'aansan. [[File:Friedrich Wilhelm Kuecken.jpg|thumb|125px|[[Friedrich Wilhelm Kücken]]]] ==Dadka caanka ah== * [[Friedrich Wilhelm Kücken]] (1810–1882), abuuraha iyo conductor * [[Auguste von der Decken]] (1827–1908), sheeko-qoraa iyo qoraa * [[Ernst Christian Julius Schering]] (1833–1897), xisabyahan iyo publisher * [[Hermann Collitz]] (1855–1935), taariikhyahan luqadeed iyo [[Indo-European studies|Indo-Europeanist]] * [[Martin Heinrich Gustav Schwantes]] (1881–1960), pre-historian, biologist iyo universal scholar * [[Kurt Löwenstein]] (1885–1939), siyaasi SPD, Reichstag deputy * [[Jörg Immendorff]] (1945–2007), rinjiile, sculptor, stage designer iyo prfessor-ka fanka ee Düsseldorf ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.bleckede.de Official website] * http://www.elbhotel-bleckede.de {{commons category|Bleckede}} {{Authority control}} j1krr3yl1svvrr6nx0x8lgyecx2h3j4 303940 303890 2026-08-03T01:14:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Bleckede |image_photo = Lausitz Luftsport- & Techniktage 2013-Hinflug by-RaBoe 0350.jpg |image_caption = Muujinta hawada |image_coa = DEU Bleckede COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|18|N|10|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bleckede in LG.svg |state = |district = Lüneburg |elevation = 6 |area = 140.65 |postal_code = 21354, 19273 |area_code = 038844, 05852, 05854, 05857 |licence = LG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 009 |website = [http://www.bleckede.de/ www.bleckede.de] |mayor = Dennis Neumann<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Bleckede''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbleːkədə}}; [[Polabian language|Polabian]] ''Bleketsa'') waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Lüneburg (district)|Lüneburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], ee waqooyiga [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay u badan tahay inay ku taallo bangiga bidix ee [[Elbe]], qiyaastii {{convert|20|km|mi}} bariga [[Lüneburg]]. Bleckede waxay ku taallaa [[German Timber-Frame Road]]. ==Taariikhda== ===Aagga Dhexe=== [[File:ElbSchloss Bleckede (2814473890).jpg|thumb|left|Qasri]] Sida uu socday [[Ostsiedlung|guntinta bariga]] aagga maanta oo ah Bleckede wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Duchy of Saxony]]. Magaca hadda jira wuxuu ka yimid kala duwanaansho ka weyn Bleketsa, ee [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] ah. Ka dib markii [[House of Welf|Welf]] Saxon, Duke [[Henry the Lion]], uu la dumay oo la tuuray 1180, Welfs waxay waayeen inta badan Saxony, oo uu ku jiro darajada ducal oo loo siiyay [[House of Ascania]]. Ascanians sidoo kasihina waxay sheegteen Bleckede. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wiilka Henry ee [[William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg|William of Winchester]] wuxuu ku murmay sheegashadaas wuxuuna ka dhigay Bleckede saldhigga Welf ee Elbe ku yaal 1209, si uu tallaabo ugu lahaado aagagga trans-Elbian oo ku jiray habka guntinta ee dadka ka yimid galbeedka. William wuxuu sidoo kale ka thuuray cashuur maraakiibta dhaxeeya Bleckede wuxuuna magacaabay magaalada si loo sharfo aabihiis Lowenstat (Magaalada Libaaxa; Löwenstadt). Qasri ayaa la dhisay si loo dhowro gudbidda Elbe iyo saldhigga cashuurta. Qasri waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1270, maanta qasri wuxuu isticmaalaa aasaaskii kii hore. Laakiin Ascanians ma ay dhiibin Duke [[Albert II, Duke of Saxony|Albert II ee Saxony]] wuxuu u dagaallamay Bleckede wiilka William ee [[Otto the Child]], oo ka helay taageero Prince-Archbishop Gilbert ee Bremen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jirin dhinac lahaan kara kii kale sidaas darteed waxay ku heswiiseen 1287 in la siiyo King [[Rudolph I of Germany]] si uu u go'aamiyo. Wuxuu u concedes Bleckede Saxony, sidaas darteed magaca Welf ee Lowenstat waa la tuuray Bleckede-na waxay noqotay mid ka adkaatay. 1293 dukes-ka Saxon waxay u granting Bleckede - iyada oo ku jira magaalooyinka kale - xuquuqda [[coin]]age. Dukes-ka wada-taliye ee Saxon Albert II iyo adeeradiis [[Albert III of Saxe-Lauenburg|Albert III]], [[Eric I of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric I]] iyo [[John II of Saxe-Lauenburg|John II]] waxay partitioned Saxony u qaybiyeen [[Saxe-Lauenburg]] iyo [[Saxe-Wittenberg]] ka hor 20 September 1296.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 375. {{ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5}}</ref> Bleckede waxay markaas qayb ka ahayd Saxe-Lauenburg, ee loo yaqaano ''Lower Saxony'', oo ka soo horjeeda ''[[Upper Saxony]]'' oo ah Saxe-Wittenberg. Saxe-Lauenburg waxay ceded Bleckede - oo leh cashuur iyo qasri - Margrave [[Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal|Waldemar ee Brandenburg-Stendal]], oo si dhakhso ah u vendiyay helitaankiisii cusbaa 1308 Duke-ka Welf ee [[Otto the Strict]], oo xukumayay laanta [[Lüneburg-Celle|Principality of Lunenburg (Lüneburg)]]. Muuqaal sano ka dib duke-ku wuxuu siiyay Bleckede [[town privileges]], iyadoo ay ku jirto waajibka ah in la xoojiyo magaalada. 1379 Duke [[Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duke of Lüneburg|Albert ee Lunenburg-Celle]] wuxuu pawned Bleckede castle creditors-kiisa [[Hamburg]], [[Free City of Lübeck|Lübeck]], [[Hanover]] iyo [[Lüneburg|Lunenburg (Lüneburg)]]. Kii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ku guuleystay in uu hesho Bleckede habka pawn illaa 1600. ===Aagga Casriga ah=== [[File:Bleikede (Merian).jpg|thumb|left|Muujinta qarnigii 17aad ee magaalada]] 1666 Bleckede waxay gubatay takhaatiir dhammaan. Ka dib [[Brunswick-Lüneburg|Brunswick iyo Lunenburg]]ian Duke [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George William]], prince ee laanta [[Lüneburg-Celle|Lunenburg (Celle)]], uu dhashay 1705, Bleckede — sida dhammaan principality — waxay merged dhaxalka iyada oo maraysa [[Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Electorate ee Brunswick iyo Lunenburg]], oo loo yaqaanno ka dib caasimaddeeda Electorate ee Hanover. Ka dib guriga [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] ee guusha ka dib electorate Bleckede waxaa la occupied, ka hor inta aan lagu darin ephemeric [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] ee March 1810, iyadoo samaynaysa qayb ka mid ah ''Lower Elbe département''. Ka dib [[Napoleonic Wars|Dagaalkii Dhexe ee Faransiiska]] Bleckede waxaa loo dib u soo celiyay Electorate ee Hanover 1813, oo la elevated to [[Kingdom of Hanover]] dhowr sano ka dib. Ka dib dib-u-midowga Prussian ee Hanover Bleckede waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Province of Hanover]] cusub 1866. Markii la soo bandhigay [[Districts of Prussia|Prussian-style district administration]] ee Hanover 1 April 1885 Bleckede waxay noqotay caasimadda cusub ee ''{{ill|Bleckede district|de|Kreis Bleckede}}'', oo merged u noqotay [[Lüneburg (district)|District ee Lunenburg (Lüneburg)]] 1 October 1932. ===Dagaalkii II ee Dunida iyo xilligii dagaalka ka dib=== [[File:Gedenkstein-alt-garge.JPG|thumb|Xusuusta goobta subcamp-ka maxaliga ah ee [[Neuengamme concentration camp]]]] Intii lagu jiray xilligii Nazi-ga maamulka gobolka Hanoveran wuxuu ku beddelay maamulka xisbiga Nazi Gau ee [[Gau Eastern Hanover|Eastern Hanover]] oo hoos yimaada gauleiter [[Otto Telschow]]. Subcamp oo ka tirsan [[Neuengamme concentration camp]] wuxuu ka jiray August 24, 1944 illaa February 15, 1945 ee xaafadda Alt Garge, oo maxaabiistiisu ay u badnaayeen [[Polish people|Poles]] oo lagu soo deported ka yimid [[Warsaw]] ka dib markii uu un-successful Polish [[Warsaw Uprising]].<ref name=kzgn>{{cite web|url=https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/en/history/satellite-camps/satellite-camps/alt-garge/|title=Alt Garge|website=KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official German list |url=http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html |access-date=2026-08-02 |archive-date=2009-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423004151/http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iyadoo leh [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied occupation ee Jarmalka]] xaaladda waa la beddelay mar kale. Ma jirin brigaad u dhaxaysa inta badan gobolka Hanover ee koonfurta ka xigta [[Elbe]], oo qayb ka ahayd aagga British-ka ee occupation ee Jarmalka, iyo qaybo yar oo waqooyiga Elbian ee Bleckede, gaar ahaan Neu Bleckede iyo Neu Wendischthun, oo runtii sidoo kale qayb ka ahayd aagga British-ka. Sidaas darteed British-ku waxay decided dib-u-habayn dhul oo ay ceded qaybaha waqooyiga Elbian ee Bleckede u siiyeen [[Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany]], gobolka Mecklenburg, iyaga oo ka dhigaya Bleckede mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka loo qaybiyay Jarmal loo qaybiyay dhexdiisa. Iyadoo Mecklenburg aaggaas wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah Bariga [[German Democratic Republic]] 1949. Aagga maamulka Bariga Jarmalka ee la socda [[Inner German border]], oo hermetically ka xirtay laga bilaabo 1952, wuxuu ka dhigay Galbeedka iyo bangiyada Elbe kuwo aan loo geli karin dadka degan Neu Bleckede iyo Neu Wendischthun. Qoysaska la u maleeyay in ay aad u dhow yihiin xuduudda ayaa la evacuated guryahoodana waa la demolished. Ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida]] British-ku waxay furteen [[displaced person camp]] ee qaybtooda Bleckede. Ka dib guuldarradii nidaamkii shuuciga ee Bariga Jarmalka 1989 ([[Die Wende]]) dadka degan qaybaha waqooyiga Elbian ee Bleckede (qayb ka mid ah gobolka cusub ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania|Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania]]) waxay demanded dib-u-midaynta ee galbeedka Bleckede, oo lahaan jirtay laga bilaabo 1946 gobolka Galbeedka Jarmalka ee [[Lower Saxony]]. Sidaas darteed labada gobol waxay ku heswiiseen heshiis interstate si loo disentangle Neu Bleckede iyo Neu Wendischthun, iyo sidoo kale degmada deriska ah ee [[Amt Neuhaus]] ka yimid Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania oo noqotay 30 June 1993, markii la annexed to Lower Saxony. Referendum-ka dadka degan Amt Neuhaus waxay u voted merger ee Bleckede 7 June 2009. Bleckede, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wali ma go'aansan. [[File:Friedrich Wilhelm Kuecken.jpg|thumb|125px|[[Friedrich Wilhelm Kücken]]]] ==Dadka caanka ah== * [[Friedrich Wilhelm Kücken]] (1810–1882), abuuraha iyo conductor * [[Auguste von der Decken]] (1827–1908), sheeko-qoraa iyo qoraa * [[Ernst Christian Julius Schering]] (1833–1897), xisabyahan iyo publisher * [[Hermann Collitz]] (1855–1935), taariikhyahan luqadeed iyo [[Indo-European studies|Indo-Europeanist]] * [[Martin Heinrich Gustav Schwantes]] (1881–1960), pre-historian, biologist iyo universal scholar * [[Kurt Löwenstein]] (1885–1939), siyaasi SPD, Reichstag deputy * [[Jörg Immendorff]] (1945–2007), rinjiile, sculptor, stage designer iyo prfessor-ka fanka ee Düsseldorf ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.bleckede.de Official website] * http://www.elbhotel-bleckede.de {{commons category|Bleckede}} {{Authority control}} e9dcuvotwf1o1pzczkp8ia3bm2vr1sr 0 49990 303891 2026-08-02T15:48:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bleialf |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bleialf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|22|N|6|17|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bleialf in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Prüm |elevation = 485 |area = 7.55 |postal_code = 54608 |area_code = 06555 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 206 |website = [https://www.bleialf.de/ www.bleialf.de] |mayor = Richard Heinz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bleialf''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Bitburg-Prüm|degmada Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Bleialf waxay ku taallaa [[North Eifel Nature Park]]. Webiga [[Alfbach (Prüm)|Alfbach]] wuxuu dhex maraa tuulada. == Indhacadayn == Waxaa jira ceel macdan qadiimi ah iyo marinno aan la isticmaalin, oo hadda u furan dadweynaha.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.besucherbergwerk.bleialf.org/index.html | title =Besucherbergwerk Bleialf | publisher =Besucherbergwerk "Mühlenberger Stollen" | language =German | trans-title =exhibition mine Bleialf | access-date =28 March 2015 | url-status =dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.rhein-eifel.tv/bergwerk-bleialf.htm | title =Besucherbergwerk"Mühlenberger Stollen" in Bleialf, Schneifel | publisher =Rhein-Eifel.tv | language =German | trans-title =exhibition mine"Mühlenberger Stollen" in Bleialf, Schneifel | access-date =28 March 2015 | url-status =dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3mv24wkx2znog3c1aft3ew5z37p3njc 303941 303891 2026-08-03T01:14:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bleialf |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bleialf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|22|N|6|17|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bleialf in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Prüm |elevation = 485 |area = 7.55 |postal_code = 54608 |area_code = 06555 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 206 |website = [https://www.bleialf.de/ www.bleialf.de] |mayor = Richard Heinz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bleialf''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Bitburg-Prüm|degmada Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Bleialf waxay ku taallaa [[North Eifel Nature Park]]. Webiga [[Alfbach (Prüm)|Alfbach]] wuxuu dhex maraa tuulada. == Indhacadayn == Waxaa jira ceel macdan qadiimi ah iyo marinno aan la isticmaalin, oo hadda u furan dadweynaha.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.besucherbergwerk.bleialf.org/index.html | title =Besucherbergwerk Bleialf | publisher =Besucherbergwerk "Mühlenberger Stollen" | language =German | trans-title =exhibition mine Bleialf | access-date =28 March 2015 | url-status =dead | archive-date =24 Bisha Shanaad 2015 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150524051809/http://www.besucherbergwerk.bleialf.org/index.html }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.rhein-eifel.tv/bergwerk-bleialf.htm | title =Besucherbergwerk"Mühlenberger Stollen" in Bleialf, Schneifel | publisher =Rhein-Eifel.tv | language =German | trans-title =exhibition mine"Mühlenberger Stollen" in Bleialf, Schneifel | access-date =28 March 2015 | url-status =dead | archive-date =24 Bisha Shanaad 2014 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140524020521/http://www.rhein-eifel.tv/bergwerk-bleialf.htm }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8khbxn0lxouw0ztpal74mx3bddilll0 0 49991 303892 2026-08-02T15:51:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type=Ortsteil |Municipality = Heidesee |image_coa = Blossin-Logo.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|16|59|N|13|48|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Anfahrt Blossin.png |plantext = Khariidadda wadada ee Blossin iyo agagaarkeeda |state = |district = Dahme-Spreewald |elevation = 35 |area = 12.87 |population = 200 |Stand = |postal_code = |area_code = |licence = |website = [https://www.blossin.de www.blossin.de] }} '''Blossin''' waa tuulo ka tirsan [[Municipalities of Germany|degmada]] [[Heidesee]] ee gobolka [[Dahme-Spreewald]] ee [[Brandenburg]] ([[Jarmalka]]) - koonfur-bari ee [[Berlin]]. Goobta ''Blessin'' waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay sannadkii 1448. {{multiple image | align = left | image1 = Blossin-1983.jpg | width1 = 150 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Blossin-Impressionen.jpg | width2 = 180 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = Blossin 1983 iyo 2007 }} Laga bilaabo 1960 ilaa 1990 aagga waqooyiga Blossin xarun dugsi tababar oo loogu talagalay ciyaaraha biyaha jaamacadda ee [[GDR]] ayaa la dhisay. <br/> Sannadkii 1992 ''"Jugendbildungszentrum Blossin"'' (''Xarunta Waxbarashada Dhallinyarada Blossin'') waxaa loo aasaasay urur aan macaash doon ahayn si uu ugu shaqeeyo hay'ad waxbarasho oo loogu talagalay dhallinyarada oo isu geysa waxbarashada iyo madadaalada dhulka iyo biyaha labada. Sanadka oo dhan koox kasta oo da' ah waxay ka qaybqaadan kartaa hawlaha “Lernwelt (Adduunka Waxbarashada Blossin)”, “Tagungswelt (Adduunka Shirarka Blossin)” iyo “Erlebniswelt (Adduunka Khibradda Blossin)” sidaas darteed nooc ka mid ah waxbarashada aan rasmi ahayn iyo hawlaha wakhtiga firaaqada. Xaruntu waxay ku taal bartamaha kaynta geedaha geedaha, si toos ah [[Wolziger See|Harada Wolzig]] waxayna leedahay dekedo, qolal shirar oo casri ah, qolal waxbarasho, hoolka ciyaaraha iyo munaasabadaha iyo fursado kala duwan oo loogu talagalay hawlaha ciyaaraha. ==Tixraac== {{Authority control}} 6fx42nwka1kk4kvbjkgfc731cwn984d 0 49992 303893 2026-08-02T15:52:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Blowatz.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|58|N|11|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Blowatz_in_NWM 2011.svg |state = |district = Nordwestmecklenburg |Amt = Neuburg |elevation = 14 |area = 30.21 |postal_code = 23974 |area_code = 038427 |licence = NWM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 74 007 |divisions = 9 |website = [http://www.amt-neuburg.de/ www.amt-neuburg.de] |mayor = Tino Schmidt |party = SPD }} '''Blowatz''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Nordwestmecklenburg]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nucnv61d90km7psk9u4zimf8jher47r 0 49993 303895 2026-08-02T16:45:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Blekendorf - Kirche St.Claren.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada ee Blekendorf |image_flag = Flagge Blekendorf.png |image_coa = DEU Blekendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|16|N|10|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Blekendorf in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Lütjenburg |elevation = 29 |area = 38.34 |postal_code = 24327 |area_code = 04381 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 007 |mayor = Andreas Köpke |party = CDU }} '''Blekendorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Plön (district)|degmada Plön]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay leedahay dadweyne gaaraya 1,694 qof (2020). == Taariikhda == Blekendorf waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1259 iyadoo ah ''Blegkendorpe'' (oo markii dambe loo higgaadiyay ''Bleckendorp'' ). Magaca waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ka yimid Jarmalka Dhexe ee Hoose uuna macnaheedu yahay "tuulo muuqata" ama "dhalaalaysa". Tan iyo qarnigii 13aad, Blekendorf waxay ahayd xarunta kiniisadda ee tuulooyinka ku xeeran ee Futterkamp, Friederikenthal, Sechendorf, Sehlendorf, Rathlau, iyo Kaköhl. 1855, 258 qof ayaa ku noolaa tuulada Blekendorf lafteeda.<ref>{{Cite web |title='topographie der herzogthümer holstein und lauenburg, des fürstenthums lübeck und des gebiets der freien und hanse-städte hamburg und lübeck. 1, a - h' - Digitalisat {{!}} MDZ |url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10457349?page=414 |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=www.digitale-sammlungen.de}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} cnf7jltvsxrfao6oiyyvjopxbdog0my 0 49994 303896 2026-08-02T16:46:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|49|N|13|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Blesewitz_in_VG.svg |image_photo = Blesewitz Kirche Nordwest.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada ee Blesewitz |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Anklam-Land |elevation = 4 |area = 12.65 |postal_code = 17392 |area_code = 03971 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 013 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.amt-anklam-land.de www.amt-anklam-land.de] |mayor = Frank Zibell }} '''Blesewitz''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Laga bilaabo 1648 ilaa 1720, Blesewitz waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Swedish Pomerania]]. Laga bilaabo 1720 ilaa 1945, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]], laga bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952 gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] ee [[East Germany]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar labaad ee Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Sannadkii 1326, magacan juqraafiyeed waxaa loo diiwaangeliyay ''Blaseviz''; 1365, sida ''Blezewisse''; iyo, 1541, sida ''Blesevitz''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej |url=http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |access-date=2025-05-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} kdzdt2cxmo8zveqq2rnwy5d1bd4pifz 303942 303896 2026-08-03T01:14:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|49|N|13|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Blesewitz_in_VG.svg |image_photo = Blesewitz Kirche Nordwest.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada ee Blesewitz |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Anklam-Land |elevation = 4 |area = 12.65 |postal_code = 17392 |area_code = 03971 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 013 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.amt-anklam-land.de www.amt-anklam-land.de] |mayor = Frank Zibell }} '''Blesewitz''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Laga bilaabo 1648 ilaa 1720, Blesewitz waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Swedish Pomerania]]. Laga bilaabo 1720 ilaa 1945, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]], laga bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952 gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] ee [[East Germany]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar labaad ee Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Sannadkii 1326, magacan juqraafiyeed waxaa loo diiwaangeliyay ''Blaseviz''; 1365, sida ''Blezewisse''; iyo, 1541, sida ''Blesevitz''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej |url=http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf |access-date=2025-05-02 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154235/http://www.mapywig.org/m_documents/PL/ATLAS_NAZW_GEOGRAFICZNYCH_SLOWIANSZCZYZNY_ZACHODNIEJ_ZESZYT_IIA.pdf }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 709zj924t6sqed6k878r0gqo5gzrntl 0 49995 303897 2026-08-02T16:48:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bliedersdorf |German_name = Bliedersdorf <small>''(German)''</small><br />Bliersdörp <small>''(Low Saxon)''</small> |image_photo = KatharinenkircheBliedersdorf.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda St. Catherine |image_coa = DEU Bliedersdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|28|58|N|9|34|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bliedersdorf_in_STD.png |state = |district = Stade |Samtgemeinde = Horneburg |elevation = 23 |area = 12.41 |postal_code = 21640 |area_code = 04163 |licence = STD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 59 007 |divisions = 3 tuulo |website = [https://horneburg.de/bliedersdorf/ www.horneburg.de] |mayor = Tobias Terne<ref>[https://www.kreiszeitung-wochenblatt.de/stade/c-politik/tobias-terne-ist-neuer-buergermeister-in-bliedersdorf_a102043 Tobias Terne ist neuer Bürgermeister in Bliedersdorf], 19 December 2017</ref> |party = CDU }} '''Bliedersdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbliːdɐsˌdɔʁf}}; ee [[Northern Low Saxon|Low Saxon]]: '''Bliersdörp''') waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Stade (district)|degmada Stade]], Lower Saxony, [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay bariga ka xigtaa [[Nottensdorf]], koonfur-galbeed [[Horneburg]], iyo waqooyi-galbeed [[simple dolmen|megaliths-ka]] [[megaliths of Grundoldendorf|Grundoldendorf]]. Sida inta kale ee Stade, waa qayb ka mid ah [[Elbe-Weser Triangle]]. ==Sanadaha hore== {{expand section|date=September 2012}} [[Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo la sameeyay 1180, waxaa ku jiray waxa noqon doona mid loo yaqaanno Bliedersdorf. Kaniisadda maxaliga ah, St. Catherine, waxaa laga dhisay [[fieldstone]]s waxana la dhameeyay 1240; waxaa loogu magac daray [[Catherine of Alexandria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bliedersdorf {{!}} kirchengemeindelexikon.de |url=https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/bliedersdorf/ |access-date=2026-01-25 |language=de}}</ref> Qarnigii 16-aad dhexdiisa, dadkii degganaa waxay qateen [[Lutheranism]], iyagoo aqoonsanaya mabaadi'da ''[[Cuius regio, eius religio]]'' ee lagu salaysay [[Peace of Augsburg]]. Intii uu socday qabsashada [[Catholic League (German)|Leaguist]] oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly|Tilly]] (1628–1630), waxay ahaayeen bartilmaameedyada [[Counter-Reformation]]. 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xukumay [[personal union]] oo ay xukumaysay Sweden iyo laga bilaabo 1715 [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian Crown]]. 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] wuxuu annexed duchy-ga, ka hor inta uusan [[First French Empire|France]] annex 1810. 1813 duchy waxaa dib loogu celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], kaas oo – ka dib kor u qaadistiisa [[Kingdom of Hanover]] 1814 – ku daray Duchy [[real union]] iyo dhulkii ducal, oo uu ku jiro Bliedersdorf, wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]], oo la sameeyay 1823. ==Taariikhda casriga ah== [[File:Bliedersdorf Ortsschild.jpg|left|200px]] {{expand section|date=September 2012}} 1866, Bliedersdorf, sida inta kale ee Stade Region, waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Kingdom of Prussia]], oo ay ku xigtay dhismaha [[Free State of Prussia]] (1918–1946/47) ka dibna [[Lower Saxony]]. Bliedersdorf-ta casriga ah waa qayb ka mid ah [[Horneburg (Samtgemeinde)|Horneburg]] ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("ururka degmada"), oo sidoo kale ay ku jiraan [[Horneburg]] lafteeda, [[Agathenburg]], [[Dollern]], iyo [[Nottensdorf]]. Bliedersdorf waxay ka kooban tahay saddex tuulo: Bliedersdorf lafteeda, Postmoor iyo Rutenbeck.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://horneburg.de/bliedersdorf/|title=Bliedersdorf|publisher=Samtgemeinde Horneburg|language=German|accessdate=30 December 2016}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline|Bliedersdorf}} {{Authority control}} 7jeldsswyl79nio6sgiy1mxg0m6s8am 0 49996 303898 2026-08-02T16:49:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |image_photo = Dorfkirche_Bliesdorf.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda |coordinates = {{coord|52|42|N|14|09|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bliesdorf in MOL.png |state = |district = Märkisch-Oderland |Amt = Barnim-Oderbruch |elevation = 7 |area = 34.41 |postal_code = 16269 |area_code = 033456 |licence = MOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12064061 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = |mayor = Reiner Labitzke<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Bliesdorf''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Märkisch-Oderland]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1947, Bliesdorf waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg]], laga bilaabo 1947 ilaa 1952 gobolka [[Brandenburg]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 [[Bezirk Frankfurt]] ee [[East Germany]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar labaad ee Brandenburg. ==Dadweynaha== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Bliesdorf.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 iyada oo ku dhex jirta xuduudaha hadda jira (Xariiqda buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariiqda dhibcaha leh: Barbardhiga horumarinta dadweynaha gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawl: Waqtigii Xukunka Naasiyada; Asalka cas: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Bliesdorf: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha dhexdiisa ee hadda (2013)<ref>Ilo xog faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Qorshaynta Dadweynaha Brandenburg ee Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1648 | 1890 | 1459 | 1910 | 1302 | 1925 | 1444 | 1933 | 1283 | 1939 | 1199 | 1946 | 1447 | 1950 | 1581 | 1964 | 1165 | 1971 | 1108 | 1981 | 968 | 1985 | 917 | 1989 | 868 | 1990 | 869 | 1991 | 926 | 1992 | 866 | 1993 | 993 | 1994 | 1014 | 1995 | 1046 | 1996 | 1117 | 1997 | 1262 | 1998 | 1296 | 1999 | 1375 | 2000 | 1270 | 2001 | 1291 | 2002 | 1334 | 2003 | 1268 | 2004 | 1208 | 2005 | 980 | 2006 | 992 | 2007 | 999 | 2008 | 1012 | 2009 | 995 | 2010 | 999 | 2011 | 983 | 2012 | 964 | 2013 | 923 | 2014 | 923 | 2015 | 1223 | 2016 | 1146 }} Korodhka muuqda ee 1996/97 iyo 2015 waxaa sabab u ah xeryaha qaxootiga ee tuulada. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} gn7eby5oejee2m47evv897dg79kr5rm 0 49997 303899 2026-08-02T16:51:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Herrenhaus Bliestorf Parkseite 2009.jpg |image_flag = Flagge Bliestorf.png |image_coa = DEU Bliestorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|46|25|N|10|36|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bliestorf in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Berkenthin |elevation = 19 |area = 10.35 |postal_code = 23847 |area_code = 04501 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 011 |website = [http://www.amt-berkenthin.de/ www.amt-<br />berkenthin.de] |mayor = Georg Rudolf }} '''Bliestorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Lauenburg (district)|degmada Lauenburg]] ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], Jarmalka. ==Goobaha la daawado== * Herrenhaus, oo la dhisay 1843 mulkiilaha dhulka iyo kaynta August Luis Detlev von Schrader (1827&ndash;1859) oo ku yaal qaabka Swiss-ka. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} ko7vttgj4jqhm8dt5doccse5bfmwne7 0 49998 303900 2026-08-02T16:53:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Böbing COA.svg |image_photo = Böbing - Lugenauweg - Böbing v N.JPG |image_caption = Böbing oo laga arko dhanka waqooyi |coordinates = {{coord|47|45|N|10|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Böbing in WM.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Weilheim-Schongau |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Rottenbuch |elevation = 610-936 |area = 40.31 |postal_code = 82389 |area_code = 08867 |licence = WM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 90 117 |website = [https://www.boebing.de www.boebing.de] |mayor = Peter Erhard<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Böbing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbøːbɪŋ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Weilheim-Schongau]], ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bobing}} 2e9rm1y8vh334so4ncgvvigd7pfmttx 0 49999 303901 2026-08-02T16:54:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Böbingen |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Böbingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|17|05|N|8|14|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Böbingen in SÜW.svg |state = |district = Südliche Weinstraße |Verbandsgemeinde = Edenkoben |elevation = 120 |area = 6.91 |postal_code = 67482 |area_code = 06327 |licence = SÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 37 011 |website = [http://www.boebingen-pfalz.de www.boebingen-pfalz.de] |mayor = Stefan Werner<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Böbingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbøːbɪŋən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Südliche Weinstraße]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bobingen}} pzd5kxjq1aa43sc4346ywh4j0eonur4 0 50000 303902 2026-08-02T16:56:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|47|N|11|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bobitz_in_NWM 2011.svg |state = |district = Nordwestmecklenburg |Amt = Dorf Mecklenburg-Bad Kleinen |elevation = 69 |area = 65.48 |postal_code = 23996 |area_code = 038424 |licence = NWM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 74 008 |website = |mayor = Annemarie Homann-Trieps }} '''Bobitz''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Nordwestmecklenburg]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Dadka == * [[Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg]] (1865–1939), Jeneral u dhashay Prussiya ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 34foqauo5m99z484750qfkctqxdkgsk 0 50001 303903 2026-08-02T16:57:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen_Bobzin.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|28|N|11|09|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Bobzin_in_LUP.svg |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Hagenow-Land |elevation = 43 |area = 6.04 |postal_code = 19230 |area_code = 038852 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 013 |website = [http://www.amt-hagenow-land.de/ www.amt-hagenow-land.de] |mayor = Axel Pamperin }} '''Bobzin''' waa [[Degaannada Jarmalka|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ht5aegbckllm9uogctwoumrgtdopdow 0 50002 303904 2026-08-02T16:59:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Böchingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|14|19|N|8|05|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Böchingen in SÜW.svg |state = |district = Südliche Weinstraße |Verbandsgemeinde = Landau-Land |elevation = 206 |area = 5.35 |postal_code = 76833 |area_code = 06341 |licence = SÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 37 012 |website = [http://www.boechingen.de/ www.boechingen.de] |mayor = Reinhold Walter<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Böchingen''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Südliche Weinstraße]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bochingen}} phn6mtfyysfmsgjfpu6ods4gvu3wdac 0 50003 303906 2026-08-02T17:01:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|49|N|11|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bocka in GRZ.png |state = |district = Greiz |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Münchenbernsdorf |elevation = 330 |area = 6.05 |postal_code = 07589 |area_code = 036604 |licence = GRZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 76 007 |divisions = 2 |website = {{url|https://www.rathaus-muenchenbernsdorf.de/seite/409146/%C3%BCber-uns.html|rathaus-muenchenbernsdorf.de}} |mayor = Ingo Kaiser<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Bocka''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɔka}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Greiz (district)|degmada Greiz]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Magaaladu waxay leedahay urur degmo [[Municipal association (Germany)|municipal association]] oo la leh [[Münchenbernsdorf]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} s3oqxvhgqwfe47davdsjg692e91bkzu 0 50004 303907 2026-08-02T17:03:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo=View of St. Pankratius Church.jpg |image_caption=Kaniisadda St. Pancratius ee Bockenem. |type = Stadt |image_coa = DE-NI 03-2-54-008 Bockenem COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|00|42|N|10|07|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bockenem in HI.svg |state = |district = Hildesheim |elevation = 110 |area = 109.96 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03254008 |postal_code = 31167 |area_code = 05067 |licence = HI |website = [https://www.bockenem.de/ www.bockenem.de] |mayor = Rainer Block<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = Ind }} '''Bockenem''' ({{IPA|de|ˈboːkənəm}}; [[Eastphalian language|Eastphalian]]: ''Bokeln'') waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Hildesheim (district)|degmada Hildesheim]], Lower Saxony, [[Jarmalka]] taas oo la aasaasay 1154. Waxay ku taallaa [[German Timber-Frame Road]]. ==Tuulooyinka ku xeeran== {{stack|[[Image:Bockenem Superintendentur(Suedseite).JPG|thumb]]}} [[File:NetteKirche.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Protestantiga ee Nette]] *Jerze *Königsdahlum *Bornum *Mahlum *Schlewecke *Ortshausen *Volkersheim *Hary *Störy *Bönnien *Werder *Nette *Upstedt *Bültum *Groß Ilde *Klein Ilde *Wohlenhausen ==Goobaha la daawado== *Tuulada Störy waxay caan ku ahayd in ay leedahay matxafka ugu weyn ee baabuurta yar yar adduunka. Matxafkaas, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa la xiray agagaarka 2005. *Qeybta dhexe ee Kaniisadda Protestantiga ee Bockenem waxaa la dhisay 1403, saxanka baabtiiskeedu wuxuu taariikhaysan yahay 1703. *Kaniisad kale oo xiiso leh ayaa lagu booqan karaa tuulada Nette. Daarta [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] waxay leedahay dildilaaca rasaaseed waxaana laga yaabaa inay u adeegsatay inay tahay dhismo difaac ah xilliyada dagaalka. Qaybta dhexe waxay ka timid 1731. Kaniisadda agtiisa, dhowr g দাবি oo si wanaagsan loo ilaalinayo oo alwaax ah ayaa la arki karaa. *Mid ka mid ah geedaha ugu da'da weyn Jarmalka ayaa lagu arki karaa bartamaha Upstedt, tuulo noqotay qayb ka mid ah Bockenem 1974. Waa geed liin ah oo la beeray agagaarka 1000.<ref>Hartwig Kemmerer: ''Reiseführer Hildesheimer Land'', p. 243. Hildesheim 2003</ref> Taallada ku taal geedka liinta horteeda waxay tixraacaysaa xuska ugu horreeya ee Upstedt dukumenti la qoray 850 AD. Kaniisadda Protestantiga ee Upstedt waa [[aisleless church]] oo leh [[baroque]] [[altar]] oo laga soo bilaabo 1757. Kaniisadda oo leh [[ridge turret]] iyo [[gable roof]] waxaa la dayac tiray oo la ballaariyay 1701-1704.<ref>https://www.trinitatis-kirchengemeinde-ambergau.de/upstedt/</ref> ==Golaha degmada (Stadtrat)== {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#CCCC99;" colspan="9"| Golaha degmada, doorashadii Sebtembar 2016 |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center" | width=60 align=left | '''Xisbiga/Liiska''' | width=100 | CDU | width=100 | SPD | width=100 | UWG | width=100 | Alliance 90/The Greens | width=100 | Madax-bannaan | width=100 | '''Wadarta''' |- align="center" | align=left | '''Kursiyada''' || 11 || 9 || 2 || 1 || 1 || '''24''' |- align="center" | align=left | '''Saami qaybsiga codadka''' || 45.2% || 36.1% || 9.5% || 4.4% || 3.7% || 100% |} ==Xiriirka caalamiga ah== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Bockenem waa [[town twinning|mataano]] la leh: *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Güntersberge]], [[Jarmalka]] *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zawadzkie]], [[Poland]] *{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Thornbury, South Gloucestershire|Thornbury]], [[United Kingdom]]. Meteor Gummiwerke sidoo kale waxay ku taal Bockenem. Meteor waa shirkad shaabadeynta baabuurta oo bixisa shaabadaha adduunka oo dhan. Meteor waa warshadda ugu weyn ee Bockenem oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 1500 oo qof. == Shakhsiyaadka == * Karl-Heinz Bädje, (1917–1998), muwaadin sharaf leh oo ka tirsan magaalada 1991 iyo aasaasaha shirkadda Meteor. * [[Henriette Schrader-Breymann]], (1827–1899), hormuudka nidaamka xanaanada carruurta ee Jarmalka iyo u doodaha xuquuqda haweenka ee horudhaca ah. * Friedrich Buchholz, Duqa magaalada Bockenem laga soo bilaabo 1827 ilaa 1865, sidoo kale wuxuu halkaas uga shaqeeyay qareen ahaan. (1802–1865) Buchholzmarkt oo ku taal bartamaha magaalada ayaa loogu magac daray isaga * [[Ernst Deger]] (1809–1885), rinjiile kaniisad muhiim ah, gaar ahaan Rhineland * Johann Schwartzkopff, (1596–1658), qareen ka tirsan Jaamacadda Helmstedt iyo laga bilaabo 1646 Chancellor ee Duchy of Braunschweig * Johann Friedrich Weule, (1811–1897), aasaasaha shirkadda saacadaha munaaradda J. F. Weule == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons category|Bockenem}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20041010181717/http://www.thornburytowncouncil.gov.uk/bockenem.htm Sharaxaada Bockenem ee Golaha Magaalada Thornbury] *[https://www.bockenem.de/ Bogga rasmi ah (Jarmal)] <BR> {{Commons category|Bockenem}} {{Authority control}} 0z6tge4c5svsdr8z8uubuhfh24vxxth 0 50005 303908 2026-08-02T17:05:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bodenbach |image_coa = DEU Bodenbach COA.svg |image_photo = Bodenbach St. Apollonia 6571.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Apollonia |coordinates = {{coord|50|18|49|N|6|50|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bodenbach in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Kelberg |elevation = 475 |area = 4.78 |postal_code = 53539 |area_code = 02692 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 205 |mayor = Thorsten Krämer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |website = {{url|http://www.bodenbach-eifel.de/}} }} '''Bodenbach''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Vulkaneifel]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kelberg]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Kelberg|degmada magaca le'eg]]. == Juqraafiyadda == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo caan ku ah taariikhdeeda foolkaanaha, sifooyinka Juqraafiyeed iyo juqraafiyeed, iyo xitaa hawlaha socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaasaska mararka qaarkood ka soo baxa dhulka. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha waxaa ka kooban 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanshaha]] doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. === Astaanta qaranka === Magaca Jarmalka waa: ''Im goldenen Schild, durch blauen Schräglinksbalken geteilt, oben eine schwarze, dreitürmige Kirche, unten ein grünes Rad mit Lindenblattspeichen.'' [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada ee Ingiriiska [[Heraldry|heraldic]] luqadda waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa sidan: Or a bend sinister wavy azure, in dexter chief a church with three towers each with a conical roof sable and in base sinister a wheel spoked of eight, the spokes in the shape of lime leaves pointing away from the hub vert. Kaniisadda, oo ah dhisme cajiib ah oo leh saddex munaaradood, waa calaamad maxalli ah. Galka qalloocan ee buluuga ah (taas oo ah, xariiqda qalloocan ee mowjadda leh) waa [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] oo loogu talagalay in lagu tixraaco magaca meesha ee dhammaadka ''—bach'', [[German language|Jarmal]] oo ah "qulqul" (''Boden—'', dhinaca kale, macnaheedu waa "dhulka" ama "hoose" – waa isku mid tan dambe – laakiin ma jiro wax kharash ah oo soo jeedinaya qaybtan magaca ah). Afhayeenka giraangirta, oo qaabkiisu yahay caleemaha [[Tilia|limetree]], waxay u taagan yihiin liin aad u da' badan (ama linden) oo ku taal kaniisadda, oo la beeray si loo xuso dagaallada xorriyadda ee 1813. Giraangirta lafteedu waxay tixraacaysaa qaab-dhismeedka miyiga ee degmada, halka [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]], vert (taas oo ah, cagaar), ay u taagan tahay hantida kaynta ee ay degmadu leedahay.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Bodenbach/ |title=Description and explanation of Bodenbach’s arms |access-date=2010-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130132203/http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Bodenbach/ |archive-date=2010-01-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Dhismaha === * Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]], Kirchstraße 4, [[Classicism|Classicist]] [[aisleless church]] laga bilaabo 1829, la ballaariyay oo la dheereeyay 1950, iskutallaabta tiirka laga bilaabo qarnigii 18aad dhexe * Hauptstraße – [[basalt]] iskutallaabta waddada laga bilaabo 1803 * Koonfureed tuulada ee waddada ku socota [[Bongard]] – Jidka [[Our Lady of Sorrows]], oo leh toddoba saldhig, oo la siiyay 1816, dib loo cusboonaysiiyay 1916<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> == Diinta == Bodenbach in der Eifel waa xarunta kaniisadda ee ba('''parochial seat''') ee kaniisadda St. Apollonia Bodenbach taas oo ay ka tirsan yihiin bulshooyinka Bodenbach, [[Bongard]] (kaniisadda laanta), [[Borler]] (chapel loogu talagalay Saint Bernard) iyo [[Gelenberg]] ([[Wendelin of Trier|Saint Wendelin’s]] Chapel). In ka badan 90% dadweynaha waxay ka tirsan yihiin [[Catholic Church|Kaniisadda Katolika ee Roomaanka]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100130132203/http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Bodenbach/ Bodenbach in the collective municipality’s Web pages] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2357486/1t06ph3/index.html Brief portrait of Bodenbach with film] at [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} fwsan4lkfdg70qvprebfjdwfi7cxc0q 0 50006 303909 2026-08-02T17:06:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Bodenfelde |image_coa = DEU Bodenfelde COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|37|N|9|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bodenfelde in NOM.svg |state = |district = Northeim |elevation = 118 |area = 19.77 |postal_code = 37194 |area_code = 05572 |licence = NOM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 55 002 |divisions = 5 districts |website = [http://www.bodenfelde.de// www.bodenfelde.de] |mayor = Nico Harenkamp<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/SW2021/reports/DW/DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Stichwahlen zu Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 26. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Bodenfelde''' ({{IPA|de|boːdn̩ˈfɛldə}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Northeim (district)|degmada Northeim]], Lower Saxony, [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta midig ee webiga [[Weser]], qiyaastii 35 km waqooyi ka xigta [[Kassel]], iyo 30 km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Göttingen]] xadka koonfur-galbeed ee [[Solling-Vogler Nature Park]]. [[Image:Weser, Bodenfelde, Wahmbeck..jpg|thumb|left|Webiga Weser ee u dhow Bodenfelde, magaaladuna waxay ku taal xagga dambe]] ==Taariikhda== Bodenfelde waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti uu saxiixay [[Louis the Pious]] 833. Xilligii Dhexe ee Sareodenfelde waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[county of Dassel]]. Amelith, [[Nienover]], Polier iyo Wahmbeck waa tuulooyin u dhow Bodenfelde oo lagu daray 1974. Waxaa jiray bulsho Yuhuud ah oo ku noolayd Bodenfelde. Cadaadiskii soo socday ee maamulka Naasiga awgeed, way tageen. Ka dib markii loo iibiyay beeralay 1937, sunagogii alwaaxa ahaa ee laga soo bilaabo 1825 wuu badbaaday [[Kristallnacht]] markii mulkiiluhu ka difaacay burcad-burburiyeyaasha. Horraantii qarnigii kow iyo tobnaad, dhismaha [[half-timbered]] waa la burburiyay oo si sax ah loogu dhisay Göttingen oo u dhow, taas oo lahayd bulsho Yuhuudi ah oo u baahan sunagog (midkii maxalliga ahaa oo la burburiyay intii lagu jiray Kristallnacht.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.obermayer.us/award/awardees/stammer-eng.htm |title=Brigitta Stammer |website=www.obermayer.us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003111025/http://www.obermayer.us/award/awardees/stammer-eng.htm |archive-date=2011-10-03}}</ref> 2008, dilaaga taxanaha ah [[Bodenfelde Black Widows|Lydia L. a.k.a. the "Black Widow"]] waxaa lagu helay danbi waxana lagu xukumay xabsi daa'in. Laga soo bilaabo 1983 ilaa 2000, Lydia L. waxay gashay xiriir jaceyl ama daryeele ah sideed odayaal ah, waxana lagu helay danbi ah dilka afartii ugu dambeysay si ay u hesho lacagtooda, iyada oo dishay ama ku amraysay in la dilo gacanjireheeda, Siegmund "Siggi" Sch., oo helay xabsi 12 sano ah ka dib markii maxkamaddu ay xukumisay inuusan si buuxda u dembi lahayn, maadaama uu u dhaqmay si ku xiran hanjabaad dhimasho ah oo uu shucuur ahaan ku tiirsanaa dilaaga ugu weyn.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/0,1518,563629,00.html | title=Mordserie: Lebenslänglich für "Schwarze Witwe" | newspaper=Der Spiegel | date=3 July 2008 }}</ref> ==Dadka caanka ah== * {{Interlanguage link|Otto Ernst Oppermann|de|3=}} (1764-1851), dhakhtar iyo khabiir ku takhasusay kaydinta xayawaanka * [[Jacob Freudenthal|Jakob Freudenthal]] (1839-1907), falsafad * {{Interlanguage link|Gustav Henckell|de|3=}} (1859-1942), ganacsade * {{Interlanguage link|Friedrich Wasmuth|de|3=}} (1882-1967), wadaadka Protestantiga ah iyo madaxa guriga carruurta ee Birkenhof ee [[Hanover]] * {{Interlanguage link|Albrecht Götz von Olenhusen|de|3=}} (1935-2022), qareen ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} * Herbst, Detlev, ''Jüdisches Leben im Solling – Der Synagogenverband Bodenfelde-Uslar-Lippoldsberg und die Synagogengemeinschaft Lauenförde''. Uslar 1997 * Hoffmann, Lutz et al., ''Zwischen Feld und Fabrik: Arbeiteralltag auf dem Dorf von der Jahrhundertwende bis heute; die Sozialgeschichte des Chemiewerkes Bodenfelde 1896 bis 1986''. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 1986 * Junge, Walter, ''Chronik des Fleckens Bodenfelde – Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Bodenfelde 1983 * Junge, Walter and Thomas Thiele, ''Flecken Bodenfelde mit seinen Ortschaften Bodenfelde, Nienhover und Wahmbeck – Vorgestern, gestern und heute''. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1987 * Rock, Balzer, ''Die Ortsgeschichte von Bodenfelde''. Buchdruckerei Klapproth, Uslar 1940 {{Authority control}} fph4q0y9m2ir50d8xygdsqlg79s4ddi 0 50007 303911 2026-08-02T17:07:50Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 Bog loo bedeley [[2 (tiro)]] 303911 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[2 (tiro)]] oacu2df6kagtrzv8wjitu5lkwgcx3fv 0 50008 303912 2026-08-02T17:08:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bodenkirchen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|22|N|12|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bodenkirchen in LA.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Landshut |elevation = 470 |area = 62.00 |postal_code = 84155 |area_code = 08745 |licence = LA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 74 120 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.gemeinde-bodenkirchen.de/ www.gemeinde-bodenkirchen.de] |mayor = Monika Maier<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW |image_photo = Ehem. Schloss Bonbruck.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Xarunta magaalada }} '''Bodenkirchen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Landshut (district)|degmada Landshut]] ee Bavaria ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} e3r76cffgx8vzx7ta12lx6084ono80r 0 50009 303915 2026-08-02T17:10:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bodenmais |image_photo = Bodenmais - Panorama - 2015.jpg |image_caption = Bodenmais waxaa laga arkaa buurta [[Silberberg (Bodenmais)|Silberberg]] |image_coa = DEU Bodenmais COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|4|N|13|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bodenmais in REG.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Regen |elevation = 689 |area = 45.29 |postal_code = 94249 |area_code = 09924 |licence = REG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 76 117 |website = [http://www.bodenmais.de www.bodenmais.de] |mayor = Michael Adam<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]]. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = SPD }} '''Bodenmais''' ({{IPA|de|ˈboːdn̩ˌmaɪs}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Regen (district)|degmada Regen]] ee Bavaria, Jarmalka. Waxay ku taal hal cidhif oo ka mid ah [[Zeller Valley]] ee [[Bavarian Forest]]. Goobaha dalxiiska ee buurta [[Silberberg (Bodenmais)|Silberberg]], oo leh miinadeedii lacagta ee hore, waxaa ka mid ah waddooyinka skiing-ka ee dalka iyo sidoo kale buurta [[alpine skiing]] (qiyaastii {{convert|1050|m|abbr=on}} ka sarreysa heerka badda), oo labanlaabmaysa xagaaga sida {{convert|600|m|abbr=on}} dhererka [[alpine slide]]. Waxaa también jira matxaf macdan qodista, oo xusuusinaya xilliyadii macdan qodista ferro-oxide iyo soo saarista [[vitriol]]. Qaar ka mid ah ceelasha ayaa weli la heli karaa. Tuulada lafteedu waxay caan ku tahay dukaamada muraayadaha, kan ugu xusid mudanna waa Joska Glasparadies (Jannada muraayadda ee Joska). == Magaca == Waxaa jira tixraac sanadka 1301 kaas oo u yeeray Pabenmaizz. Si dabacsan loo turjumay waxay ka dhigan tahay in qoryaha la jarjaray iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo Popo, ama Bobo, oo suurtogal ah inuu ka yimid agagaarka 800 qaybta [[Slavs|Slavic]] ee Yurub. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} h74vvx0hy2z428rux0yf4z2geawebnu 0 50010 303916 2026-08-02T17:11:39Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 Bog loo bedeley [[300 (tiro)]] 303916 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[300 (tiro)]] 54x81uqntrpzgtqu97losi9xwgpzafx 0 50011 303918 2026-08-02T17:21:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bodenwöhr COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|16|N|12|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bodenwöhr in SAD.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Schwandorf |elevation = 374 |area = 54.25 |postal_code = 92439 |area_code = 0 94 34 |licence = SAD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 76 116 |divisions = 16 Gemeindeteile |mayor = Georg Hoffmann<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = CSU }} '''Bodenwöhr''' ({{IPA|de|ˈboːdn̩ˌvøːɐ̯}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Schwandorf (district)|degmada Schwandorf]] ee Bavaria, [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bodenwohr}} nnogoln1ebdzy6aoqquhpqdfg31xcs1 0 50012 303919 2026-08-02T17:23:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bödexen |type = Ortsteil |Town = [[Höxter]] |coordinates = {{coord|51|50|14|N|09|20|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höxter Ortsteile Bödexen.svg |plantext = Map of Höxter with Bödexen highlighted |state = |district = Höxter |elevation = 203 |area = 21.58 |population = 757 |population_as_of = 2025-12-31 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop20>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoexter.de/verwaltung-politik/wissenswertes-ueber-hoexter/stadtportrait/|title=Stadtportrait|publisher=Stadt Höxter|access-date=11 July 2026}}</ref> |postal_code = 37671 |area_code = 05277 }} '''Bödexen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbøːdɛksn̩|-|De-Bödexen.ogg}}) waa rubuc ka tirsan [[Höxter]], oo ku taal bari barbaarta [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Tuuladu waxay joogtaa 203 mitir ka sarraysa heerka badda. Waqooyiga Bödexen waa [[Köterberg]], buurta ugu sarreysa ee [[Weser Uplands]], oo leh 495 mitir. Webiga yar ee Saumer wuxuu dhex maraa Bödexen. Iyadoo baaxaddeedu tahay 21,58 km² iyo 960 deggen, Bödexen waa degmada saddexaad ee ugu yar magaalooyinka Höxter. == Taariikhda == Gacan-qori dhagax ah oo laga helay [[grave mound]] oo ku taal buurta dayrta ayaa horseeday aragtiyo ah in hoygu uu jiray ilaa [[Stone Age]]. Xuskan ugu horreeya ee la diiwaangeliyay ee Bödexen wuxuu ku jiray [[Corvey|caadooyinka Corvey]]. Ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu da'da weyn rubuc ayaa ah Abbey Church of St. Stephanus and Vitus Corvey, oo la dhisay qarnigii 9-aad.<ref>[http://www.architekt-henne.eu/St.%2520Stephanus%2520und%2520Vitus%2520Corvey.html Abteikirche St. Stephanus und Vitus Corvey], retrieved 18 February 2010</ref> Magaca Bödexen wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Saxon|asal ahaan Saxon]], oo ka soo jeeda magaca taariikhiga ah ''Bodikeshusun'' ee qarnigii 9-aad, ka dibna loo magacaabay ''Bodikessen'' ka dib markii uu bishop-ka Paderborn ku deeqay tobnaadkii rubuc ilaa Corvey sanadkii 1185, ka dibna u kobcay ''Böxen'' iyada oo loo marayo tirakoob dadweyne oo la sameeyay 1700.<ref>[http://www.hxboedexen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:chronik&catid=6:chronik&Itemid=4 Chronik Bödexen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719043235/http://www.hxboedexen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:chronik&catid=6:chronik&Itemid=4 |date=2011-07-19 }}, retrieved 18 February 2010</ref> == Horumarka tirada dadka == {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Tirada dadka |- | 1.12.1910 <ref>Community directory 1900: [http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?westfalen/hoexter.htm Landkreis Höxter]</ref> || align="right" | 620 |- | 1925 <ref name="Administrative history" /> || align="right" | 646 |- | 1933 <ref name="Administrative history">Michael Rademacher: [http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/hoexter.html ''German administrative history of the unification in 1871 until reunification in 1990'']</ref> || align="right" | 691 |- | 1939 <ref name="Administrative history" /> || align="right" | 646 |- | 31.12.1967 || align="right" | 778 |- | 23.06.1998 <ref name="Einwohner">Stadt Höxter > [http://www.hoexter.de/6.html Numbers & Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525164810/http://www.hoexter.de/6.html |date=2011-05-25 }}</ref> || align="right" | 990 |- | 31.12.2003 <ref name="Einwohner" /> || align="right" | 1.007 |- | 31.12.2005 <ref name="Einwohner" /> || align="right" | 981 |- | 31.12.2006 <ref name="Einwohner" /> || align="right" | 967 |- | 31.12.2007 <ref name="Einwohner" /> || align="right" | 963 |- | 31.12.2015 <ref name = "Einwohner" />|| align="right" | 851 |- | 31.12.2021 <ref name = "Einwohner"/> || align="right" | 777 |- | 31.12.2025 <ref name = "Einwohner25">[https://www.hoexter.de/verwaltung-politik/wissenswertes-ueber-hoexter/stadtportrait/ Einwohnerzahlen]</ref> || align="right" | 757 |} == Tixraac == <references/> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bodexen}} l9vbt0zhjvd9b0f5zxeumk2ni72xcoc 303943 303919 2026-08-03T01:21:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 303943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bödexen |type = Ortsteil |Town = [[Höxter]] |coordinates = {{coord|51|50|14|N|09|20|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höxter Ortsteile Bödexen.svg |plantext = Map of Höxter with Bödexen highlighted |state = |district = Höxter |elevation = 203 |area = 21.58 |population = 757 |population_as_of = 2025-12-31 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop20>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoexter.de/verwaltung-politik/wissenswertes-ueber-hoexter/stadtportrait/|title=Stadtportrait|publisher=Stadt Höxter|access-date=11 July 2026}}</ref> |postal_code = 37671 |area_code = 05277 }} '''Bödexen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbøːdɛksn̩|-|De-Bödexen.ogg}}) waa rubuc ka tirsan [[Höxter]], oo ku taal bari barbaarta [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Tuuladu waxay joogtaa 203 mitir ka sarraysa heerka badda. Waqooyiga Bödexen waa [[Köterberg]], buurta ugu sarreysa ee [[Weser Uplands]], oo leh 495 mitir. Webiga yar ee Saumer wuxuu dhex maraa Bödexen. Iyadoo baaxaddeedu tahay 21,58 km² iyo 960 deggen, Bödexen waa degmada saddexaad ee ugu yar magaalooyinka Höxter. == Taariikhda == Gacan-qori dhagax ah oo laga helay [[grave mound]] oo ku taal buurta dayrta ayaa horseeday aragtiyo ah in hoygu uu jiray ilaa [[Stone Age]]. Xuskan ugu horreeya ee la diiwaangeliyay ee Bödexen wuxuu ku jiray [[Corvey|caadooyinka Corvey]]. Ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu da'da weyn rubuc ayaa ah Abbey Church of St. Stephanus and Vitus Corvey, oo la dhisay qarnigii 9-aad.<ref>[http://www.architekt-henne.eu/St.%2520Stephanus%2520und%2520Vitus%2520Corvey.html Abteikirche St. Stephanus und Vitus Corvey], retrieved 18 February 2010</ref> Magaca Bödexen wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Saxon|asal ahaan Saxon]], oo ka soo jeeda magaca taariikhiga ah ''Bodikeshusun'' ee qarnigii 9-aad, ka dibna loo magacaabay ''Bodikessen'' ka dib markii uu bishop-ka Paderborn ku deeqay tobnaadkii rubuc ilaa Corvey sanadkii 1185, ka dibna u kobcay ''Böxen'' iyada oo loo marayo tirakoob dadweyne oo la sameeyay 1700.<ref>[http://www.hxboedexen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:chronik&catid=6:chronik&Itemid=4 Chronik Bödexen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hxboedexen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:chronik&catid=6:chronik&Itemid=4 |date=20110719043235 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719043235/http://www.hxboedexen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:chronik&catid=6:chronik&Itemid=4 |date=2011-07-19 }}, retrieved 18 February 2010</ref> == Horumarka tirada dadka == {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Tirada dadka |- | 1.12.1910 <ref>Community directory 1900: [http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?westfalen/hoexter.htm Landkreis Höxter] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?westfalen/hoexter.htm |date=20250123075413 }}</ref> || align="right" | 620 |- | 1925 <ref name="Administrative history" /> || align="right" | 646 |- | 1933 <ref name="Administrative history">Michael Rademacher: [http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/hoexter.html ''German administrative history of the unification in 1871 until reunification in 1990'']</ref> || align="right" | 691 |- | 1939 <ref name="Administrative history" /> || align="right" | 646 |- | 31.12.1967 || align="right" | 778 |- | 23.06.1998 <ref name="Einwohner">Stadt Höxter > [http://www.hoexter.de/6.html Numbers & Facts] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hoexter.de/6.html |date=20110525164810 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525164810/http://www.hoexter.de/6.html |date=2011-05-25 }}</ref> || align="right" | 990 |- | 31.12.2003 <ref name="Einwohner" /> || align="right" | 1.007 |- | 31.12.2005 <ref name="Einwohner" /> || align="right" | 981 |- | 31.12.2006 <ref name="Einwohner" /> || align="right" | 967 |- | 31.12.2007 <ref name="Einwohner" /> || align="right" | 963 |- | 31.12.2015 <ref name = "Einwohner" />|| align="right" | 851 |- | 31.12.2021 <ref name = "Einwohner"/> || align="right" | 777 |- | 31.12.2025 <ref name = "Einwohner25">[https://www.hoexter.de/verwaltung-politik/wissenswertes-ueber-hoexter/stadtportrait/ Einwohnerzahlen]</ref> || align="right" | 757 |} == Tixraac == <references/> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bodexen}} 1ozsdkguqa4n4t1cugdb9zj8q038327 0 50013 303920 2026-08-02T17:25:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Bodnegg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|42|36|N|09|41|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bodnegg in RV.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Ravensburg |Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = Ravensburg (district) |elevation = 620 |area = 24.56 |postal_code = 88285 |area_code = 07520 |licence = RV |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 36 018 |website = [http://www.bodnegg.de www.bodnegg.de] |mayor = Patrick Söndgen<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-bodnegg-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Bodnegg 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 }} '''Bodnegg''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ravensburg (district)|degmada Ravensburg]] ee Baden-Württemberg ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rrety24uhy0n9078esxiq9u7le57rlo 0 50014 303921 2026-08-02T17:26:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 303921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bodolz COA.svg |image_photo = D-BY-Bodolz-Enzisweiler - Bahnhof 2805.JPG |image_caption = Saldhigga tareenka ee Bodolz-Enzisweiler |coordinates = {{coord|47|34|20|N|9|39|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bodolz in LI.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Lindau |elevation = 429 |area = 3.03 |postal_code = 88131 |area_code = 0 83 82 |licence = LI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 76 111 |website = {{url|https://www.bodolz.de/}} |mayor = Felix Eisenbach<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 19 October 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Bodolz''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Lindau (district)|degmada Lindau]] ee Bavaria ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Degmooyinka== Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay magaalooyinka iyo degmooyinka soo socda: *Bettnau *Bruggach *Ebnet *Enzisweiler *Hochsträß *Hoyerberg *Mittenbuch *Taubenberg ==Taariikhda== Bodolz waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah maamulkii hore ee [[Fugger]] ee [[Wasserburg am Bodensee|Wasserburg]] waxayna dib u noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Austria]]. Tan iyo markii la saxiixay heshiisyadii nabadda ee Brünn iyo [[Bratislava|Preßburg]] sanadkii 1805, magaaladu waxay leedahay Bavaria. Intii lagu guda jiray dib-u-habeyntii maamulka ee Bavaria, degmada casriga ah waxaa sameeyay ''"Gemeindeedikt"'' ee 1818. ==Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha== ===Dhaqaalaha, beeraha iyo kaymaha=== Sida lagu qoray tirakoobka rasmiga ah, sanadkii 1998 waxaa jiray laba iyo toban shaqaale oo hoos tagay tabaruca caymiska bulshada ee qaybta beeraha iyo kaymaha, 44 qaybta warshadaha iyo 26 qaybta ganacsiga iyo gaadiidka ee goobta shaqada. Qaybaha kala duwan waxaa joogay 124 qof oo hoos tagay tabaruca caymiska bulshada ee goobta shaqada. Goobta deegaanka waxaa joogay 668 shaqaale wadarta guud. Qaybta warshadaha waxaa jiray toban, ganacsiga dhismaha ugu weyn laba ganacsi. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray 31 ganacsi oo beeralay ah 1999 iyadoo wadarta bedkeedu yahay 241 ha, taas oo 6 ha ay ahaayeen dhul dalag beeraha ah iyo 106 ha oo cagaaran. <!-- === Transport === --> ===Waxbarashada=== Dugsiga hoose ''"Schule im Obstgarten"'', oo loo xaadiri karo afarta fas JavaVersion hore, wuxuu ku yaalaa degmada Bodolz. Bodolz waxay leedahay laba [[kindergarten]]: *Gemeindekindergarten Bodolz (Im Obstgarten 15, 88131 Bodolz) *Kaniisadda kindergarten St. Johannes der Täufer (Kirchstr. 13, 88131 Bodolz) ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mb2hn32w2o253l9nyfovw564hh4qysw