Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4827 304063 303945 2026-08-04T22:30:43Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 304063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Baakistan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |22.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |22..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |23".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |27.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * 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https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} k1upug73tp0xgb6524pal3eis5stebg 0 5104 304065 302521 2026-08-05T10:49:29Z ImI(x . x)ImI 46817 304065 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:World cup countries best results.png|frameless|right|upright=2]] '''Koobka Adduunka''' == Qaababkii ay u dhaceen == {| border=1 font-size:90%;" cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 width=75% |- <center> !width=15%|Sanad !width=30%|Wadanka martigaliyey !width=30%|Wadanka ku Guuleystay |- |1930 |Uruguay |Uruguay |- |1934 |[[Talyaaniga]] |Talyaaniga |- |1938 |[[Faransiis]]ka |Talyaaniga |- |1950 |[[Baraasiil]] |Uruguay |- |1954 |Iswiiska |Jarmalka |- |1958 |Iswidhan |Baraasiil |- |1962 |[[Chili]] |Baraasiil |- |1966 |[[Ingiriis]]ka |Ingiriiska |- |1970 |[[Meksiko]]{{Flag|Mexico}} |Baraasiil{{Flag|Brazil}} |- |1974 |[[Jarmalka]]{{Flag|Germany}} |Jarmalka{{Flag|Germany}} |- |1978 |[[Arjantiina|Arjantiin]]{{Flag|Argentina}} |[[Arjantiina|Arjantiin]]{{Flag|Argentina}} |- |1982 |[[Isbania]]{{Flag|Spain}} |Talyaaniga{{Flag|Italy}} |- |1986 |Meksiko{{Flag|Mexico}} |Arjantiin{{Flag|Argentina}} |- |1990 |Talyaaniga{{Flag|Italy}} |Jarmal{{Flag|Germany}} |- |1994 |[[Mareykan]]{{Flag|United States}} |Baraasiiil{{Flag|Brazil}} |- |1998 |Faransiiska {{Flag|France}} |Faransiiska{{Flag|France}} |- |2002 |[[Jabaan]] iyo [[Kuuriya]] {{Flag|Japan}}{{Flag|South Korea}} |Baraasiil{{Flag|Brazil}} |- |2006 |Jarmalka {{Flag|Germany}} |Talyaaniga{{Flag|Italy}} |- |2010 |[[Koonfur Afrika]]{{Flag|South Africa}} | Isbania{{Flag|Spain}} |- |2014 |Baraasiil{{Flag|Brazil}} |Jarmalka {{Flag|Germany}} |- |2018 |Russka {{Flag|Russia}} |Fransiiska {{Flag|France}} |- |2022 |Qadar {{Flag|Qatar}} |[[Arjantiina]] {{Flag|Arjantiina}} |- |2026 |Mareykanka {{Flag|United States}} Meksiko {{flag|Mexico}} Kanada {{Flag|Canada}} |Isbania{{Flag|Spain}} |- [[Category:Gumud]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] |} l12npd53p9ljxiewlrzxdb4nh3o540k 0 7271 304061 303745 2026-08-04T20:33:44Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:National_reptile_of_Pakistan.jpg|National_reptile_of_Pakistan.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: per [[:c:COM:NETCOPYVIO|]]. 304061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Yaxaas | image = | image_caption = Yaxaas oo lago sawiray [[Bakistaan]] | regnum = Animalia | divisio = Chordata | classis = Reptilia | ordo = Crocodilia | familia = Crocodylidae | genus = '''''Crocodylus''''' Laurenti (1768) | range_map = Crocodylidae Distribution.png | range_map_upright = | range map_alt = | range_map_caption = Meelaha laga heli karo yaxaas }} [[File:NileCrocodile.jpg|thumb|Yaxaas]] '''Yaxaas''' waa [[xamaarato]] aad u xoogan oo leh af dheer iyo ilko badan.woona jir adagyahay.Yaxaaska waa bahal aad looga cabsado dalka soomaaliya, sababtoo ah waxoo sanad kasto dad ku cunaa [[Wabiga Shabeelle]] gaar ahaan meelaha ee dadka dadka degenyihiin.Badanaa dadka badankooda lama arko marka ee wabiga galaan. Wali ma maqlin in oo yaxaaska dad ku cuno [[Wabiga Jubba]], laakiin wa mid aad uuga balaaran kan shabeele, kana bahalo badan.Sida aad ogsoontahay soomaalida ma ahan dad kaluumeesato ah, sidaas darteed waxee dadka badankood u maleeyaan in oo yaxaaska ku noolyahay xattaa badda.Laakiin runtii waa bahal ku nool wabiyada kaliya. [[Category:Xayawaan]] fms5dkcyn1iw6y2ai56co3fx0p433sx 0 7481 304003 262071 2026-08-04T13:22:30Z ~2026-43096-55 46803 tariqda dhimashada ku daray 304003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Axmed Cigaal''' wuxuuna galaya fanka isagoo yar oo ah arday waxeyna eheed sanadkii [[1967]] wuuxuuna ku bilaabay Riwayadii la oran jiray (Shabeel Naagood) waxaa soo alifay xassan Shiikh Muumin, waxaa ku xigatay Riwayadii la oran jiray (Yaxaas Dhagaduub), waxaana soo alifay Maxamuud Sangub, waa labadii Riwaayadood ee igu horeeyey ee Ahmed, waxeena ahaayeen kuwii oo ku soo can baxay oo ku noqday Fanaan caan ka ka ah somaaliya.Sidoo kale horumarkii weynaa ee dhinacaga muusiga uu ka gaadhey Axmed waxey aheyd isaga oo asaasey kooxdii ama groupkii loo yiqiiney Somali Jazz oo soo bandhigay heesihii ugu horeeyey oo soomali ah ee soomaali waligeed aragato oo lagu ciyaari karo. axmed wuxu dhintay allha unaxariste 31.07.2026 == Ruwaayadaha == Ahmed runtii wuxu ahaa nin yar marka uu Riwayadaha metalaayay kana heesayey kan a dhexmuuqday fanaaniintii la matelaysay Riwayadahaas Ahmed wuxuu ahaa nin ilaahay hibo u siiyey quwada xaga [fanka]]a iyo codka ah oo uu kaga soo dhex baxi jirey dhalintii u ku jiray markaas amba ha noqdeen kuwa uu kula jiray Iskuulka ama Fanka, Ahmed yaraantiisii wuxu ahaa nin ku xidhan xaga heesaha aadna ula socda.fanaanintii xilagaa hadaan tusaale u soo qaato kooxda ahmed uu carabka saaray mar la wayadiiyey suaashaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Walaal Hargaysa oo ahayd kooxda koowaad ee wadanka wuxuu Ahmed isku dayi jiray in uu noqodo sida fanaaniintaas oo kale oo uu uga maqlo heesihiisa Radiyiha Soomaaliya, hadaba suaasha Is waydiintalehi waxa weeyey Ahmed ma u hirgashay Riyadiisii. HAAA waxay ku qaadatay wax yar intuu la meeltegilahaa kuwii uu jeclaa uuna dhegaysan jiray heesahooda in uu noqodo sidooda oo kale . Ahmed wuxuu ka mid ahaa Fanaaniintii la wareegi jirtay Riwaayadaha gobolada Soomaaliya markaa isaga waxaa uu ka mid noqday Fanaaniinta sidaa dheer loo jecelahayahay waxay ka bixi jireeen ilaa Muqdisho to Boorama, [[Muqdisho]] ilaa kismaanyo, Muqdisho ilaa buula Xaawo MED CALI XAAJI AADAN DALABLE, waxuu la metelay khadro 10 riwaayad ka badan waxuu la heesay khado dahir kaigee ka badan 30, sidoo kale maryam mursal == Heading text == AHMED NAAJI, SAALAX QAASIN SALAAD DERBI AHMED NAAJI AHMED SHARIIF (XAGA DUMARKA ) MAANDEEQ, BAXSAN. MAGOOL, GUUDO CARWO, GALAAAYR, SAHRA AHMED, ok hada ahmed wuxuu ahaa nin Fanaaniintaa ku han wayn siduu ku gaadhey aan xoogaa markale taariikhdiisi dib u milicsano. Ahmed oo walaalkii soo koriyey oo soo barbaarshay oo aah nin abwaan ah baa usameeyey heesa badan kooda waxaan la oran jiray C/QAADIR CALI CIGAAL oo ahaa abwaan kii ugu horeeyey ee hees u sameeya ahmed ahaan.hadaanu eegno heesaha uu C/QADIR CALI CIGAAL sameeyey waxaa ka mid ahaa NAYRUUSHKU WAA CIID Riwaayadii la oran jiray JACAYL BOG UMA BAAHNA hadaba Ahmed gabdhihii Riwayadaha la dhigi jiray kuwee buu ugu jeclaa? dadku waxay yiraahdaan Ahmed wuxuu ugu jeclaa KHADRA DAAHIR IYO SAYNAB CIGE lakiin ahmed wuxuu yiri gabdhahaan la dhigi jiray Riwaayadaha waxay ahaayeen gabdho aan la arag lana maqal mid mid laga doortana malahayan kuli waan wada jeclaaa mar wax laga waydiiyey, isga oo intaa raaciyey in fanaandii ugu layaabka badneyd dhinaca jazz-ka oo dadkoo dhan cajab galisey in ay aheyd xiligaas fanaanada caanka ah ee Maryan Mursal Ahmed maxaa iska bedelay Fankii? Mar la weydiiyey su'aashaas wuxuu yidhi "markii qurbaha la soogalay wuxuu fanku wuxuu ku xidhnaan jirey dadka somaliyeed hadaynoqoto mid jacayl ah iyo mid kale oo ah figradba markaa fankii kama danbayn Soomaaliya burburkeedii wuxuu yiri qurbaha markaanu nimid sidaanu uga fekeri jiray fanka uguma fekero oo intaa waanu ordaynaa lakiin soomaalia markaanu joognay waxanu ahayn dad u meel go'ay in ay dadka maaweeliyaan waxaamu xooga saarnay maaweelada dadka".Ahmed Cali Cigaal wuxu hada joogaa wadan ka Maraykanka gaar ahaan Gobolka Tanasii Magaalada Naashviil.Wuuxuna weli ka dhigaa Riwaayadaha wadanka maraykanka iyo yurub meelo ka mid ah, wuunaa yiri "illhay isagaa caadilee dhulkeenii ha ugu soo hoorsho nabad sida roobka ayaan ku leeyahay daka soomaliyeed ee akhrisanaya qoralkan".waxaan codsanaynaa inaan maqalno heesaha uu la qaado faadumo maandeeq oo dhan sida gursamo alahayow iyo kuwii ku jiray riwaayadii aabaheey ka samraye adiga oo dhan.heestahii ku jray jacayl boob uma baahna sida nayruus uu la qaaday khadra daahir iyo heesaha cigaal goonida u qaado waxuuna cigaal ninka ugu badan oo la heesay hablaha waaberi oo dhan. thanks. == Halka aad ka dhageesan kartid heesahiisa == * [http://maalmo.com/hees/artist/a/ahmed-ali-egal Heesaha ahmed cali cigaal Maalmo ] [[Category:Fanaaniinta Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Muusig]] axmed cali cigaal waxuu la heesay hablaha waaberi oo dhan sida shankaroon, saado cali ,zeinab cige, magaool, maandeeq, baxsan,amina cabdulahi ,zahra axmed,duniyo, faadumo qasim, khadra dahir,saafi ducaale,khadiija hiiraan, xaawo hiiraan, hibo mohamed guudoon hibo nuura iyo kuwa oo badan hibo waxuu la qaaday haye fudud, hoo gacanta oo ay maryam mursal kula jirtay, gaaniga siyaad uu la qaaday hibo iyo maryam mursal. digtoonoow uu la qaaday magool iyo maryam mursal .ruushkii dad qalatooy uu la qaaday salaad derbi, saafi ducaale iyo khadra dahir, guryo same uu la qaaday maandeeq. guruo ceelka magool, geesigii dagaalkoow la qaaday rooraayr,baxsan iyo khadra dahir. axmed cali cigaal waxuu bedelay boqorka riwaayadii aabaheey ka samray adiga uu la metelay maandeeq iyo cusmaan gacanlo iyo qalanjo iyo iyo kahdiijo foodeey. waxuu mar kale bedelay mohamed saleebaan riwaayadii jacayl boob uma baahna uuna metelay khadra dahir(oo heestay heesahii nayruuska oo ay marka hore meteshay maandeeq, markii labaadna magool) shankaroon iyo cabdi khdar xasan. waxuu mar kale bedelay maxamed saleemaan mar uu jiradaray wafdi ajnabina joogay loona baahday in la qaado heestii nin ku siray wax kuu sheeg uuna la heesay salaad dari ,magool iyo zeinab cige. axmed cali cigaal waa ninka kaiya oo metelay riwaayadii ugu fiicneyd soomaaliya oo ay heesaheda ka mid ahayeen hooydadu, weligeed aduunyada caano geel ku maaloo waxuuna heesay hibo, magool,saado iyo zeinab cige. waxuu ahaa fanaan buuxo khadro 10 riwaayadood ayuu la metelay sidoo kale maryam mursal. Axmed cali cigaal markii la weydiiyay maxaa kuugu farax badnaa intaad fanka ku jirtay waxuu ku jawaabay markii boqorka codka riwaayad uu waday uu jirraday mar la maraayey magaalada buuloburte ee gobolka hiiraan oo axmed loo yeeray kaalay axmed waxaad metelaysaa riwaayaddii aabaheey ka samraye adiga axmed waxuu ku jawaabay aniga miyaa bedelaa boqorka codka heesahiisa la qaadaa faadumo cabdulaahi kaahin maandeeq guryo samo iyo durdurkii markuu guray oo iayadana xeraga halka ay maandeeq ka heesto la keeni karin oo aheyd boqorada codka hablaha soomaaliyeed waan kala badbadtay heesahana waan xafidnaa waana ka soo baxay meeshii layga rabay in boqorka aan bedelo maandeeqna hor istaagi karo.waxaan kale oon boqorka bedelay heestii ninku siray wax kuu sheeg iyo riwaayadii jacal boob uma baahna uu boqorka horey ula soo metelay maandeeq,magool,shakaroon iyo cabdi khadar xasan oo ay aniga khadra daahir ila meteshay oo aheyd fanaanada kaliya soo dhawesay codka maandeeq. boqorka codka asigana waxuu horey u bedelay maxamed iyo yuusuf riwaayaddii alle aamin ma iisho oo baxsan horey u meteshay laakiin markii riwaayadda loo qaadaayey magaalad cadan ee dalka yemen oo waqtigaas aheyd sida dubia ay maanta ay tahay ayuu maandeeq oo cusub uuna yiri inantaas quruxsan ayaa ila metelayso riwaayaddii alle aamin ma iisho oo ay markay masraxa istaageen la yaabay habkay geesahii u macaceeyeen oo cajiibka lahayd sida heesha gareyskayga gacanta ha u celinee iyo bal eega iwm . sidaas wax la mid ah cigaal isaga loogu riyaaqay sida tubeec iyo maandeeq. Axmed cali cigaal waa 5 star sababtoo waa heesaa heesha laxanka waa sameeyaayaa music waa tumaa riwayadaha waa metelaa waana allifaa heesaha Axmed waxuu ku jiraa horyaalka fanka soomaaliyeed sida boqorka codka tubeec, maxamed mooge,maxamed yuusuf, samatar, maxamed axmed, cabdinasir macallin, cabdikhadar xasan, axmed mooge, axmed naaji, saalax qaasim, iwm dhinaca hablha sidii hadraawi sheegay khadra dahir, maandeeq, magool, zahra axmed, hibo ohamed maxamed iyo faadumo qaasim.cigaal waa fanaan buuxa oo la heesay hablaha waaberi oo dhan. jzloh9pejoyyw7aifqn2ubplwhvxzj2 304057 304003 2026-08-04T18:03:23Z A09 27259 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-43096-55|~2026-43096-55]] ([[User talk:~2026-43096-55|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:89.240.76.171|89.240.76.171]] 262071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Axmed Cigaal''' wuxuuna galaya fanka isagoo yar oo ah arday waxeyna eheed sanadkii [[1967]] wuuxuuna ku bilaabay Riwayadii la oran jiray (Shabeel Naagood) waxaa soo alifay xassan Shiikh Muumin, waxaa ku xigatay Riwayadii la oran jiray (Yaxaas Dhagaduub), waxaana soo alifay Maxamuud Sangub, waa labadii Riwaayadood ee igu horeeyey ee Ahmed, waxeena ahaayeen kuwii oo ku soo can baxay oo ku noqday Fanaan caan ka ka ah somaaliya.Sidoo kale horumarkii weynaa ee dhinacaga muusiga uu ka gaadhey Axmed waxey aheyd isaga oo asaasey kooxdii ama groupkii loo yiqiiney Somali Jazz oo soo bandhigay heesihii ugu horeeyey oo soomali ah ee soomaali waligeed aragato oo lagu ciyaari karo. == Ruwaayadaha == Ahmed runtii wuxu ahaa nin yar marka uu Riwayadaha metalaayay kana heesayey kan a dhexmuuqday fanaaniintii la matelaysay Riwayadahaas Ahmed wuxuu ahaa nin ilaahay hibo u siiyey quwada xaga [fanka]]a iyo codka ah oo uu kaga soo dhex baxi jirey dhalintii u ku jiray markaas amba ha noqdeen kuwa uu kula jiray Iskuulka ama Fanka, Ahmed yaraantiisii wuxu ahaa nin ku xidhan xaga heesaha aadna ula socda.fanaanintii xilagaa hadaan tusaale u soo qaato kooxda ahmed uu carabka saaray mar la wayadiiyey suaashaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Walaal Hargaysa oo ahayd kooxda koowaad ee wadanka wuxuu Ahmed isku dayi jiray in uu noqodo sida fanaaniintaas oo kale oo uu uga maqlo heesihiisa Radiyiha Soomaaliya, hadaba suaasha Is waydiintalehi waxa weeyey Ahmed ma u hirgashay Riyadiisii. HAAA waxay ku qaadatay wax yar intuu la meeltegilahaa kuwii uu jeclaa uuna dhegaysan jiray heesahooda in uu noqodo sidooda oo kale . Ahmed wuxuu ka mid ahaa Fanaaniintii la wareegi jirtay Riwaayadaha gobolada Soomaaliya markaa isaga waxaa uu ka mid noqday Fanaaniinta sidaa dheer loo jecelahayahay waxay ka bixi jireeen ilaa Muqdisho to Boorama, [[Muqdisho]] ilaa kismaanyo, Muqdisho ilaa buula Xaawo MED CALI XAAJI AADAN DALABLE, waxuu la metelay khadro 10 riwaayad ka badan waxuu la heesay khado dahir kaigee ka badan 30, sidoo kale maryam mursal == Heading text == AHMED NAAJI, SAALAX QAASIN SALAAD DERBI AHMED NAAJI AHMED SHARIIF (XAGA DUMARKA ) MAANDEEQ, BAXSAN. MAGOOL, GUUDO CARWO, GALAAAYR, SAHRA AHMED, ok hada ahmed wuxuu ahaa nin Fanaaniintaa ku han wayn siduu ku gaadhey aan xoogaa markale taariikhdiisi dib u milicsano. Ahmed oo walaalkii soo koriyey oo soo barbaarshay oo aah nin abwaan ah baa usameeyey heesa badan kooda waxaan la oran jiray C/QAADIR CALI CIGAAL oo ahaa abwaan kii ugu horeeyey ee hees u sameeya ahmed ahaan.hadaanu eegno heesaha uu C/QADIR CALI CIGAAL sameeyey waxaa ka mid ahaa NAYRUUSHKU WAA CIID Riwaayadii la oran jiray JACAYL BOG UMA BAAHNA hadaba Ahmed gabdhihii Riwayadaha la dhigi jiray kuwee buu ugu jeclaa? dadku waxay yiraahdaan Ahmed wuxuu ugu jeclaa KHADRA DAAHIR IYO SAYNAB CIGE lakiin ahmed wuxuu yiri gabdhahaan la dhigi jiray Riwaayadaha waxay ahaayeen gabdho aan la arag lana maqal mid mid laga doortana malahayan kuli waan wada jeclaaa mar wax laga waydiiyey, isga oo intaa raaciyey in fanaandii ugu layaabka badneyd dhinaca jazz-ka oo dadkoo dhan cajab galisey in ay aheyd xiligaas fanaanada caanka ah ee Maryan Mursal Ahmed maxaa iska bedelay Fankii? Mar la weydiiyey su'aashaas wuxuu yidhi "markii qurbaha la soogalay wuxuu fanku wuxuu ku xidhnaan jirey dadka somaliyeed hadaynoqoto mid jacayl ah iyo mid kale oo ah figradba markaa fankii kama danbayn Soomaaliya burburkeedii wuxuu yiri qurbaha markaanu nimid sidaanu uga fekeri jiray fanka uguma fekero oo intaa waanu ordaynaa lakiin soomaalia markaanu joognay waxanu ahayn dad u meel go'ay in ay dadka maaweeliyaan waxaamu xooga saarnay maaweelada dadka".Ahmed Cali Cigaal wuxu hada joogaa wadan ka Maraykanka gaar ahaan Gobolka Tanasii Magaalada Naashviil.Wuuxuna weli ka dhigaa Riwaayadaha wadanka maraykanka iyo yurub meelo ka mid ah, wuunaa yiri "illhay isagaa caadilee dhulkeenii ha ugu soo hoorsho nabad sida roobka ayaan ku leeyahay daka soomaliyeed ee akhrisanaya qoralkan".waxaan codsanaynaa inaan maqalno heesaha uu la qaado faadumo maandeeq oo dhan sida gursamo alahayow iyo kuwii ku jiray riwaayadii aabaheey ka samraye adiga oo dhan.heestahii ku jray jacayl boob uma baahna sida nayruus uu la qaaday khadra daahir iyo heesaha cigaal goonida u qaado waxuuna cigaal ninka ugu badan oo la heesay hablaha waaberi oo dhan. thanks. == Halka aad ka dhageesan kartid heesahiisa == * [http://maalmo.com/hees/artist/a/ahmed-ali-egal Heesaha ahmed cali cigaal Maalmo ] [[Category:Fanaaniinta Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Muusig]] axmed cali cigaal waxuu la heesay hablaha waaberi oo dhan sida shankaroon, saado cali ,zeinab cige, magaool, maandeeq, baxsan,amina cabdulahi ,zahra axmed,duniyo, faadumo qasim, khadra dahir,saafi ducaale,khadiija hiiraan, xaawo hiiraan, hibo mohamed guudoon hibo nuura iyo kuwa oo badan hibo waxuu la qaaday haye fudud, hoo gacanta oo ay maryam mursal kula jirtay, gaaniga siyaad uu la qaaday hibo iyo maryam mursal. digtoonoow uu la qaaday magool iyo maryam mursal .ruushkii dad qalatooy uu la qaaday salaad derbi, saafi ducaale iyo khadra dahir, guryo same uu la qaaday maandeeq. guruo ceelka magool, geesigii dagaalkoow la qaaday rooraayr,baxsan iyo khadra dahir. axmed cali cigaal waxuu bedelay boqorka riwaayadii aabaheey ka samray adiga uu la metelay maandeeq iyo cusmaan gacanlo iyo qalanjo iyo iyo kahdiijo foodeey. waxuu mar kale bedelay mohamed saleebaan riwaayadii jacayl boob uma baahna uuna metelay khadra dahir(oo heestay heesahii nayruuska oo ay marka hore meteshay maandeeq, markii labaadna magool) shankaroon iyo cabdi khdar xasan. waxuu mar kale bedelay maxamed saleemaan mar uu jiradaray wafdi ajnabina joogay loona baahday in la qaado heestii nin ku siray wax kuu sheeg uuna la heesay salaad dari ,magool iyo zeinab cige. axmed cali cigaal waa ninka kaiya oo metelay riwaayadii ugu fiicneyd soomaaliya oo ay heesaheda ka mid ahayeen hooydadu, weligeed aduunyada caano geel ku maaloo waxuuna heesay hibo, magool,saado iyo zeinab cige. waxuu ahaa fanaan buuxo khadro 10 riwaayadood ayuu la metelay sidoo kale maryam mursal. Axmed cali cigaal markii la weydiiyay maxaa kuugu farax badnaa intaad fanka ku jirtay waxuu ku jawaabay markii boqorka codka riwaayad uu waday uu jirraday mar la maraayey magaalada buuloburte ee gobolka hiiraan oo axmed loo yeeray kaalay axmed waxaad metelaysaa riwaayaddii aabaheey ka samraye adiga axmed waxuu ku jawaabay aniga miyaa bedelaa boqorka codka heesahiisa la qaadaa faadumo cabdulaahi kaahin maandeeq guryo samo iyo durdurkii markuu guray oo iayadana xeraga halka ay maandeeq ka heesto la keeni karin oo aheyd boqorada codka hablaha soomaaliyeed waan kala badbadtay heesahana waan xafidnaa waana ka soo baxay meeshii layga rabay in boqorka aan bedelo maandeeqna hor istaagi karo.waxaan kale oon boqorka bedelay heestii ninku siray wax kuu sheeg iyo riwaayadii jacal boob uma baahna uu boqorka horey ula soo metelay maandeeq,magool,shakaroon iyo cabdi khadar xasan oo ay aniga khadra daahir ila meteshay oo aheyd fanaanada kaliya soo dhawesay codka maandeeq. boqorka codka asigana waxuu horey u bedelay maxamed iyo yuusuf riwaayaddii alle aamin ma iisho oo baxsan horey u meteshay laakiin markii riwaayadda loo qaadaayey magaalad cadan ee dalka yemen oo waqtigaas aheyd sida dubia ay maanta ay tahay ayuu maandeeq oo cusub uuna yiri inantaas quruxsan ayaa ila metelayso riwaayaddii alle aamin ma iisho oo ay markay masraxa istaageen la yaabay habkay geesahii u macaceeyeen oo cajiibka lahayd sida heesha gareyskayga gacanta ha u celinee iyo bal eega iwm . sidaas wax la mid ah cigaal isaga loogu riyaaqay sida tubeec iyo maandeeq. Axmed cali cigaal waa 5 star sababtoo waa heesaa heesha laxanka waa sameeyaayaa music waa tumaa riwayadaha waa metelaa waana allifaa heesaha Axmed waxuu ku jiraa horyaalka fanka soomaaliyeed sida boqorka codka tubeec, maxamed mooge,maxamed yuusuf, samatar, maxamed axmed, cabdinasir macallin, cabdikhadar xasan, axmed mooge, axmed naaji, saalax qaasim, iwm dhinaca hablha sidii hadraawi sheegay khadra dahir, maandeeq, magool, zahra axmed, hibo ohamed maxamed iyo faadumo qaasim.cigaal waa fanaan buuxa oo la heesay hablaha waaberi oo dhan. fm81qbzziwlamcnvgvqarefjeu5knil 0 7978 304004 303998 2026-08-04T13:30:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ Hagaajiyay 304004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| | native_name = أشراف | native_name_lang = | langs = [[Ashraf dialect|Ashraf]] | rels = [[Islam]] ^{([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])} | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]]<br>{{flagicon|Kenya}}[[Kenya]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Itoobiya]] | related_groups = | group = }} '''Asharaafta''' ({{langx|ar|أشراف|ashrāf}}, {{lit|sharaf-leeyda}}), sido kale loo qoro '''Ashraf''', waa [[Somalis|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed. Magacoodu waa wadarta {{transliteration|ar|[[sharīf]]}}, oo ah eray asal ahaan Carabi ah oo loogu talagalay kuwa sheegta in ay ka soo jeedaan qoyska nebiga Islaamka [[Muxamed]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|2008|p=5}}; {{harvnb|Mukhtar|2003|pp=11, 68}}. On the two spellings, cf. also {{harvnb|Anon. A|2010|p=1}}.</ref> Iyagoo ka tirsan kooxda weyn ee qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool koonfurta dalka ee loo yaqaan [[Benadiri people|Reer Xamar]], waxay ka baxsan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed oo inta badan waa la takooraa gudaha [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|pp=36–37}}.</ref> Sida [[minority group|koox laga tirada badan yahay]], waxay noqdeen bartilmaameedka kooxaha Islaamiyiinta ah ee rabshadaha wada sida [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]].<ref>{{harvnb|Yoshimura|2009|pp=19–20}}. Cf. {{harvnb|Anon. A|2010}}; {{harvnb|Anon. B|2010}}.</ref> Si ka duwan inta badan [[Somali clans|qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed]] ee kale, kuwaas oo abtiriskooda ka raadiya ina adeerkiis Maxamed iyo walaalkii ka weyn [[Ali|Cali]] ee [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib]],<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|1961|pp=11–13}}; cf. {{harvnb|Mukhtar|2003|p=62}}.</ref> Asharaafta waxay sheeganayaan in ay ka soo jeedaan [[Hasan ibn Ali|Xasan]] iyo [[Husayn ibn Ali|Xuseen]], oo ah wiilashii Cali iyo gabadhii Maxamed [[Fatimah|Faduma]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|p=37}}.</ref> Sida sheegashooyinka qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee kale ee arrintan ku saabsan, abtiriskakan la sheegay waa mid aan taariikh ahaan sugnayn,<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|1994|pp=102–106, esp. p. 105}}.</ref> waxaana loo fahmi karaa inay qayb ka tahay waxa [[Sada Mire]] ugu yeertay "halyeeyga asalka ah ee Islaamka Soomaaliya".<ref>{{harvnb|Mire|2020|pp=201, 205–206; cf. pp. 70–71, 154–155}}.</ref> == Qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka == Qaab-dhismeedka abtiriska ee la sheegay ee qabiilka Asharaafta waa sida soo socota:<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|p=37}}.</ref> * Xasan bin Cali ** Maxamed Shariif ** Shariif Cali ** Shariif Axmed ** Ashraf Sarman ** kuwo kale oo aan magacooda la sheegin * Xuseen bin Cali ** Reer Shariif Magbuul ** Shariif Axmed ** Shariif Balaaw ** kuwo kale oo aan magacooda la sheegin == Dadka xusid mudan == * [[Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden|Shariif Xasan]]<ref>June 2012 The Galgale In Somalia: Third-class citizens in their homeland Sharif Hassan from the Asharaf clan, page 12 Sharif Salah http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00040315:40b8440c1c8a08b8c79febe8120327f9.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155006/http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00040315:40b8440c1c8a08b8c79febe8120327f9.pdf |date=2016-11-07 }}</ref> * [[Dada Masiti]], Mana Sitti Habib Jamaladdin ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: مانا ستي حبيب جمال الدين) (<abbr>c.</abbr> 1810s – 15 Luulyo 1919), oo si fiican loogu yaqaan Dada Masiti ("Ayeeyo Masiti"), waxay ahayd gabyaa, suufi iyo caalimad Islaami ah oo ka tirsan Asharaafta. Waxay gabayadeeda ku hal-abuurtay [[Bravanese dialect|lahjada Baraawe]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Declich|first=Francesca|title=Sources on Islam Composed in the Vernacular: Somali Women's Religious Poetry". Islam in East Africa: New Sources. Rome: Herder|pages=297–330}}</ref> * [[Sharif Aydurus]], aqoonyahan ku takhasusay taariikhda Islaamka iyo Soomaalida iyo hoggaamiye guud ee Islaamiga ah * Shariif Imaankeey, [[Mayor of Mogadishu|Duqa Muqdisho]] laga soo bilaabo Sebtembar 1963{{endash}}1965 * Shariif Caydaruus, [[Mayor of Mogadishu|Duqa Muqdisho]] laga soo bilaabo 1966{{endash}}1970 == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Demographics of Somalia]] *[[Samaale]], awoowaha halyeeyga ah ee qabiilooyin badan oo Soomaaliyeed, oo sidoo kale la sheegay inuu ka soo jeedo qoyska (ballaaran) ee Maxamed *[[Sharif]], erayga Carabi ee uu qabiilku ka soo jeedo magaciisa == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} ===Ilo-xogeedka la soo xigtay=== *{{cite book|last1=Abbink|first1=G. J.|year=2009|title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition)<!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|series=Asc Working Paper Series|volume=84|location=Leiden|publisher=African Studies Centre|hdl=1887/14007|url=https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14007}} *{{cite web|author=Anon. A|date=9 July 2010|title=Australian Government – Refugee Review Tribunal – Country Advice: Somalia|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/06/11/asharaf%20clan.pdf}} *{{cite web|author=Anon. B|date=23 November 2010|title=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada: Responses to Information Requests: SOM103613.E|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/12/13/SOM103613.E.pdf}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|year=1961|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780852552803|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA11}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|date=1994|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|location=Lawrencewill, NJ|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=0-932415-93-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|date=2008|title=Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: Culture, History, Society|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70084-9}} *{{cite book|last1=Mire|first1=Sada|author1-link=Sada Mire|date=2020|title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa|series=UCL Institute of Archaeology Publications|volume=69|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36850-7}} *{{cite book|last1=Mukhtar|first1=Mohamed Haji|year=2003|title=Historical Dictionary of Somalia|series=African Historical Dictionary Series|volume=87|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810866041}} *{{cite book|last1=Yoshimura|first1=Daisuke|year=2009|title=Clans in Somalia: Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel, COI Workshop Vienna, 15 May 2009 (Revised Edition)<!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|location=Vienna|publisher=Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b29f5e82.pdf}} == '''Asharaaf Xasan''' == Ashraaf Xasan Waa Afar Beelood Oo waaweyn waana : 1- Beesha Reer Shariif Muxumed 2- Beesha Xasan Timo weyne 3- Reer Shariif Nuur 4- Cimraan Yacquub == '''Asharaaf Xuseen''' == Asharaaf Xuseen Waa hal Beel Oo weyn waana: Asharaaf Bacalawi Sada, waxaana ka mid ah, Reer Sayid Axmed,Reer Shariif maqbuul,Reer Shariif Xamduun,Al Nadiir,Al baasakuut,jamalulayl,Reer xaji amiin oo ah (mahdeli),Reer Aw Xasan. == '''Dadka ugu Caansan Asharaaf''' == '''<big><u>Cilimaa u' diin</u></big>''' : 1- [[Sheekh yuusuf al kowneyn school|Sheekh Yuusuf Alkowneyn]] [oo ah Ah Qofkii Alifey Hingaada Carabiga ] 2- Sheikh Sharif Nurow Aamiin Barkhadle {oo ahaa Caalim Diimeed oo ahaa Aasaasihii Jameecada Rowlo oo ku Caan baxday fidinta Diinta Islaamka} <ref>Culimaaudiinka </ref> 3- [[Sheikh Hussein|Sheekh Xuseen Baale]] yaale 4- [[عيدروس|Shariif Caydaruus]] Al nudeeri [duqii Hore Magaalada Muqdisho ] 5- Sayid murshid sayid cabdalla 6- Sheekh [[Cumar Faaruuq]] [waxa uu aha ninki qoraanka oo dhan si fasiix umada ugu turjumay luqada afka somaliga] 7- Sheekh Sharif Cabdinuur (Aabihii xadiiska). 8- [[Shariif Cumar Aarak]] Iyo Walaalkiis Cabdalle Aarak 9- Sayid Axmed sayid abdulwahid [oo ahaa ninkii qarnigii 19aad ugu cilmiga badna afrika, sida ay shegaan culimada reer Makka] 10- Sheekh [[Macruuf|Shariif macruuf]] Shariif Axmed 11 - Sheekh Shariif Dhawiil 12 - Sheekh Shariif Siidkey Sharif Nuurow Aamin Barkhadle 13 -Sheekh C/raxmaan Markaawi 14 -Sheekh Maxamed Haadi (AUN) 15- Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Abaayle [oo ahaa Imaankii afaraaf Ee Imaaradii Ibeerey ee Baardheere] 16- Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdullahi Cali [oo ah qoraaga buuga (بشائر العلماء بدلائل الفقهاء)] 17-Sheekh Maxamuud Fanax 18-Sheikh Cabdiraxmaan Shariif 19-Sheikh Zakariye Shariif Xasan 20-Sheikh Maxamed Cumar 21-Sheikh Shariif Maxamed Dhuub '''<big><u>Siyaasiyiinta Asharaa</u></big>''' 2.[[Sharif Salah mohamed Ali]] (xildhibaan hore) 3. Xildhibaan Shariif Maxamed C/llahi 4. Wasiir Xil. Salah Sharif Sayid Ali (Siidkey) 5. [[Fahad Yaasiin|Fahad yaasiin xaaji daahir]] 6. Xildhibaan Shariif Mustafa 7. Xildhibaan Axmed weli 8. Wasiir Cabdiraxmaan Shariif Xuseen 9.Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Carmo 10- Wasiir Faarax Sheikh Cabdiqaadir (Wasiirka Waxbarashada dowlada Federalka ) 11. Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Isxaaq 12. Safia Ba-alawi (Gud. Deg. Shangani ee gobolka Banadir) '''<u><big>Fanaaniinta Asharaaf</big></u>''' # Shaadiyo Sharaf # Hani Uk(fanaan) 3. Doni B(fanaan) 4. Najma Nuura (fanaan) 5. Axmed Sharif Killer (fanaan) 6. Sharif Bastow(fanaan) 7-Idil Ayruush (fanaan) 8-Nimco Liina (Fanaan) 9- Mukhtaar sooshiyaal (Fanaan) 10-Mahdi shariif Macruuf (Fanaan) 11- Aadan Onkod (fanaan) 12- king Khalid (Fanaan) == '''Tixra'''<ref>Shariif Hassan Adan Mohmed (Mamulka masjad al_suna) </ref>'''ac''' == kix3m3z23ipivl1qzq9tusrcm1wqahc 304005 304004 2026-08-04T13:30:38Z Isma4l 41797 304005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| | native_name = أشراف | native_name_lang = | langs = [[Ashraf dialect|Ashraf]] | rels = [[Islam]] ^{([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])} | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]]<br>{{flagicon|Kenya}}[[Kenya]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Itoobiya]] | related_groups = | group = }} '''Asharaafta''' ({{langx|ar|أشراف|ashrāf}}, {{lit|sharaf-leeyda}}), sido kale loo qoro '''Ashraf''', waa [[Somalis|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed. Magacoodu waa wadarta {{transliteration|ar|[[sharīf]]}}, oo ah eray asal ahaan Carabi ah oo loogu talagalay kuwa sheegta in ay ka soo jeedaan qoyska nebiga Islaamka [[Muxamed]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|2008|p=5}}; {{harvnb|Mukhtar|2003|pp=11, 68}}. On the two spellings, cf. also {{harvnb|Anon. A|2010|p=1}}.</ref> Iyagoo ka tirsan kooxda weyn ee qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool koonfurta dalka ee loo yaqaan [[Benadiri people|Reer Xamar]], waxay ka baxsan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed oo inta badan waa la takooraa gudaha [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|pp=36–37}}.</ref> Sida [[minority group|koox laga tirada badan yahay]], waxay noqdeen bartilmaameedka kooxaha Islaamiyiinta ah ee rabshadaha wada sida [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]].<ref>{{harvnb|Yoshimura|2009|pp=19–20}}. Cf. {{harvnb|Anon. A|2010}}; {{harvnb|Anon. B|2010}}.</ref> Si ka duwan inta badan [[Somali clans|qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed]] ee kale, kuwaas oo abtiriskooda ka raadiya ina adeerkiis Maxamed iyo walaalkii ka weyn [[Ali|Cali]] ee [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib]],<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|1961|pp=11–13}}; cf. {{harvnb|Mukhtar|2003|p=62}}.</ref> Asharaafta waxay sheeganayaan in ay ka soo jeedaan [[Hasan ibn Ali|Xasan]] iyo [[Husayn ibn Ali|Xuseen]], oo ah wiilashii Cali iyo gabadhii Maxamed [[Fatimah|Faduma]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|p=37}}.</ref> Sida sheegashooyinka qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee kale ee arrintan ku saabsan, abtiriskakan la sheegay waa mid aan taariikh ahaan sugnayn,<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|1994|pp=102–106, esp. p. 105}}.</ref> waxaana loo fahmi karaa inay qayb ka tahay waxa [[Sada Mire]] ugu yeertay "halyeeyga asalka ah ee Islaamka Soomaaliya".<ref>{{harvnb|Mire|2020|pp=201, 205–206; cf. pp. 70–71, 154–155}}.</ref> == Qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka == Qaab-dhismeedka abtiriska ee la sheegay ee qabiilka Asharaafta waa sida soo socota:<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|p=37}}.</ref> * Xasan bin Cali ** Maxamed Shariif ** Shariif Cali ** Shariif Axmed ** Ashraf Sarman ** kuwo kale oo aan magacooda la sheegin * Xuseen bin Cali ** Reer Shariif Magbuul ** Shariif Axmed ** Shariif Balaaw ** kuwo kale oo aan magacooda la sheegin == Dadka xusid mudan == * [[Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden|Shariif Xasan]]<ref>June 2012 The Galgale In Somalia: Third-class citizens in their homeland Sharif Hassan from the Asharaf clan, page 12 Sharif Salah http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00040315:40b8440c1c8a08b8c79febe8120327f9.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155006/http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00040315:40b8440c1c8a08b8c79febe8120327f9.pdf |date=2016-11-07 }}</ref> * [[Dada Masiti]], Mana Sitti Habib Jamaladdin ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: مانا ستي حبيب جمال الدين) (<abbr>c.</abbr> 1810s – 15 Luulyo 1919), oo si fiican loogu yaqaan Dada Masiti ("Ayeeyo Masiti"), waxay ahayd gabyaa, suufi iyo caalimad Islaami ah oo ka tirsan Asharaafta. Waxay gabayadeeda ku hal-abuurtay [[Bravanese dialect|lahjada Baraawe]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Declich|first=Francesca|title=Sources on Islam Composed in the Vernacular: Somali Women's Religious Poetry". Islam in East Africa: New Sources. Rome: Herder|pages=297–330}}</ref> * [[Sharif Aydurus]], aqoonyahan ku takhasusay taariikhda Islaamka iyo Soomaalida iyo hoggaamiye guud ee Islaamiga ah * Shariif Imaankeey, [[Mayor of Mogadishu|Duqa Muqdisho]] laga soo bilaabo Sebtembar 1963{{endash}}1965 * Shariif Caydaruus, [[Mayor of Mogadishu|Duqa Muqdisho]] laga soo bilaabo 1966{{endash}}1970 == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Demographics of Somalia]] *[[Samaale]], awoowaha halyeeyga ah ee qabiilooyin badan oo Soomaaliyeed, oo sidoo kale la sheegay inuu ka soo jeedo qoyska (ballaaran) ee Maxamed *[[Sharif]], erayga Carabi ee uu qabiilku ka soo jeedo magaciisa == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} ===Ilo-xogeedka la soo xigtay=== *{{cite book|last1=Abbink|first1=G. J.|year=2009|title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition)<!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|series=Asc Working Paper Series|volume=84|location=Leiden|publisher=African Studies Centre|hdl=1887/14007|url=https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14007}} *{{cite web|author=Anon. A|date=9 July 2010|title=Australian Government – Refugee Review Tribunal – Country Advice: Somalia|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/06/11/asharaf%20clan.pdf}} *{{cite web|author=Anon. B|date=23 November 2010|title=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada: Responses to Information Requests: SOM103613.E|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/12/13/SOM103613.E.pdf}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|year=1961|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780852552803|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA11}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|date=1994|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|location=Lawrencewill, NJ|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=0-932415-93-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|date=2008|title=Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: Culture, History, Society|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70084-9}} *{{cite book|last1=Mire|first1=Sada|author1-link=Sada Mire|date=2020|title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa|series=UCL Institute of Archaeology Publications|volume=69|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36850-7}} *{{cite book|last1=Mukhtar|first1=Mohamed Haji|year=2003|title=Historical Dictionary of Somalia|series=African Historical Dictionary Series|volume=87|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810866041}} *{{cite book|last1=Yoshimura|first1=Daisuke|year=2009|title=Clans in Somalia: Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel, COI Workshop Vienna, 15 May 2009 (Revised Edition)<!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|location=Vienna|publisher=Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b29f5e82.pdf}} hvilykbr13ie71htk11zljrmq8pm07u 304006 304005 2026-08-04T13:31:07Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Asharaaf]]": Burburin xad dhaaf ah ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn)) 304005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| | native_name = أشراف | native_name_lang = | langs = [[Ashraf dialect|Ashraf]] | rels = [[Islam]] ^{([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])} | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]]<br>{{flagicon|Kenya}}[[Kenya]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Itoobiya]] | related_groups = | group = }} '''Asharaafta''' ({{langx|ar|أشراف|ashrāf}}, {{lit|sharaf-leeyda}}), sido kale loo qoro '''Ashraf''', waa [[Somalis|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed. Magacoodu waa wadarta {{transliteration|ar|[[sharīf]]}}, oo ah eray asal ahaan Carabi ah oo loogu talagalay kuwa sheegta in ay ka soo jeedaan qoyska nebiga Islaamka [[Muxamed]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|2008|p=5}}; {{harvnb|Mukhtar|2003|pp=11, 68}}. On the two spellings, cf. also {{harvnb|Anon. A|2010|p=1}}.</ref> Iyagoo ka tirsan kooxda weyn ee qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool koonfurta dalka ee loo yaqaan [[Benadiri people|Reer Xamar]], waxay ka baxsan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed oo inta badan waa la takooraa gudaha [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|pp=36–37}}.</ref> Sida [[minority group|koox laga tirada badan yahay]], waxay noqdeen bartilmaameedka kooxaha Islaamiyiinta ah ee rabshadaha wada sida [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]].<ref>{{harvnb|Yoshimura|2009|pp=19–20}}. Cf. {{harvnb|Anon. A|2010}}; {{harvnb|Anon. B|2010}}.</ref> Si ka duwan inta badan [[Somali clans|qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed]] ee kale, kuwaas oo abtiriskooda ka raadiya ina adeerkiis Maxamed iyo walaalkii ka weyn [[Ali|Cali]] ee [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib]],<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|1961|pp=11–13}}; cf. {{harvnb|Mukhtar|2003|p=62}}.</ref> Asharaafta waxay sheeganayaan in ay ka soo jeedaan [[Hasan ibn Ali|Xasan]] iyo [[Husayn ibn Ali|Xuseen]], oo ah wiilashii Cali iyo gabadhii Maxamed [[Fatimah|Faduma]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|p=37}}.</ref> Sida sheegashooyinka qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee kale ee arrintan ku saabsan, abtiriskakan la sheegay waa mid aan taariikh ahaan sugnayn,<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|1994|pp=102–106, esp. p. 105}}.</ref> waxaana loo fahmi karaa inay qayb ka tahay waxa [[Sada Mire]] ugu yeertay "halyeeyga asalka ah ee Islaamka Soomaaliya".<ref>{{harvnb|Mire|2020|pp=201, 205–206; cf. pp. 70–71, 154–155}}.</ref> == Qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka == Qaab-dhismeedka abtiriska ee la sheegay ee qabiilka Asharaafta waa sida soo socota:<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|p=37}}.</ref> * Xasan bin Cali ** Maxamed Shariif ** Shariif Cali ** Shariif Axmed ** Ashraf Sarman ** kuwo kale oo aan magacooda la sheegin * Xuseen bin Cali ** Reer Shariif Magbuul ** Shariif Axmed ** Shariif Balaaw ** kuwo kale oo aan magacooda la sheegin == Dadka xusid mudan == * [[Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden|Shariif Xasan]]<ref>June 2012 The Galgale In Somalia: Third-class citizens in their homeland Sharif Hassan from the Asharaf clan, page 12 Sharif Salah http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00040315:40b8440c1c8a08b8c79febe8120327f9.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155006/http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00040315:40b8440c1c8a08b8c79febe8120327f9.pdf |date=2016-11-07 }}</ref> * [[Dada Masiti]], Mana Sitti Habib Jamaladdin ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: مانا ستي حبيب جمال الدين) (<abbr>c.</abbr> 1810s – 15 Luulyo 1919), oo si fiican loogu yaqaan Dada Masiti ("Ayeeyo Masiti"), waxay ahayd gabyaa, suufi iyo caalimad Islaami ah oo ka tirsan Asharaafta. Waxay gabayadeeda ku hal-abuurtay [[Bravanese dialect|lahjada Baraawe]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Declich|first=Francesca|title=Sources on Islam Composed in the Vernacular: Somali Women's Religious Poetry". Islam in East Africa: New Sources. Rome: Herder|pages=297–330}}</ref> * [[Sharif Aydurus]], aqoonyahan ku takhasusay taariikhda Islaamka iyo Soomaalida iyo hoggaamiye guud ee Islaamiga ah * Shariif Imaankeey, [[Mayor of Mogadishu|Duqa Muqdisho]] laga soo bilaabo Sebtembar 1963{{endash}}1965 * Shariif Caydaruus, [[Mayor of Mogadishu|Duqa Muqdisho]] laga soo bilaabo 1966{{endash}}1970 == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Demographics of Somalia]] *[[Samaale]], awoowaha halyeeyga ah ee qabiilooyin badan oo Soomaaliyeed, oo sidoo kale la sheegay inuu ka soo jeedo qoyska (ballaaran) ee Maxamed *[[Sharif]], erayga Carabi ee uu qabiilku ka soo jeedo magaciisa == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} ===Ilo-xogeedka la soo xigtay=== *{{cite book|last1=Abbink|first1=G. J.|year=2009|title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition)<!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|series=Asc Working Paper Series|volume=84|location=Leiden|publisher=African Studies Centre|hdl=1887/14007|url=https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14007}} *{{cite web|author=Anon. A|date=9 July 2010|title=Australian Government – Refugee Review Tribunal – Country Advice: Somalia|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/06/11/asharaf%20clan.pdf}} *{{cite web|author=Anon. B|date=23 November 2010|title=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada: Responses to Information Requests: SOM103613.E|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/12/13/SOM103613.E.pdf}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|year=1961|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780852552803|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA11}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|date=1994|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|location=Lawrencewill, NJ|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=0-932415-93-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|date=2008|title=Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: Culture, History, Society|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70084-9}} *{{cite book|last1=Mire|first1=Sada|author1-link=Sada Mire|date=2020|title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa|series=UCL Institute of Archaeology Publications|volume=69|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36850-7}} *{{cite book|last1=Mukhtar|first1=Mohamed Haji|year=2003|title=Historical Dictionary of Somalia|series=African Historical Dictionary Series|volume=87|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810866041}} *{{cite book|last1=Yoshimura|first1=Daisuke|year=2009|title=Clans in Somalia: Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel, COI Workshop Vienna, 15 May 2009 (Revised Edition)<!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|location=Vienna|publisher=Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b29f5e82.pdf}} hvilykbr13ie71htk11zljrmq8pm07u 304007 304006 2026-08-04T13:31:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* Sidoo kale eeg */ 304007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| | native_name = أشراف | native_name_lang = | langs = [[Ashraf dialect|Ashraf]] | rels = [[Islam]] ^{([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])} | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]]<br>{{flagicon|Kenya}}[[Kenya]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Itoobiya]] | related_groups = | group = }} '''Asharaafta''' ({{langx|ar|أشراف|ashrāf}}, {{lit|sharaf-leeyda}}), sido kale loo qoro '''Ashraf''', waa [[Somalis|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed. Magacoodu waa wadarta {{transliteration|ar|[[sharīf]]}}, oo ah eray asal ahaan Carabi ah oo loogu talagalay kuwa sheegta in ay ka soo jeedaan qoyska nebiga Islaamka [[Muxamed]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|2008|p=5}}; {{harvnb|Mukhtar|2003|pp=11, 68}}. On the two spellings, cf. also {{harvnb|Anon. A|2010|p=1}}.</ref> Iyagoo ka tirsan kooxda weyn ee qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool koonfurta dalka ee loo yaqaan [[Benadiri people|Reer Xamar]], waxay ka baxsan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed oo inta badan waa la takooraa gudaha [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|pp=36–37}}.</ref> Sida [[minority group|koox laga tirada badan yahay]], waxay noqdeen bartilmaameedka kooxaha Islaamiyiinta ah ee rabshadaha wada sida [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]].<ref>{{harvnb|Yoshimura|2009|pp=19–20}}. Cf. {{harvnb|Anon. A|2010}}; {{harvnb|Anon. B|2010}}.</ref> Si ka duwan inta badan [[Somali clans|qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed]] ee kale, kuwaas oo abtiriskooda ka raadiya ina adeerkiis Maxamed iyo walaalkii ka weyn [[Ali|Cali]] ee [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib]],<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|1961|pp=11–13}}; cf. {{harvnb|Mukhtar|2003|p=62}}.</ref> Asharaafta waxay sheeganayaan in ay ka soo jeedaan [[Hasan ibn Ali|Xasan]] iyo [[Husayn ibn Ali|Xuseen]], oo ah wiilashii Cali iyo gabadhii Maxamed [[Fatimah|Faduma]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|p=37}}.</ref> Sida sheegashooyinka qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee kale ee arrintan ku saabsan, abtiriskakan la sheegay waa mid aan taariikh ahaan sugnayn,<ref>{{harvnb|Lewis|1994|pp=102–106, esp. p. 105}}.</ref> waxaana loo fahmi karaa inay qayb ka tahay waxa [[Sada Mire]] ugu yeertay "halyeeyga asalka ah ee Islaamka Soomaaliya".<ref>{{harvnb|Mire|2020|pp=201, 205–206; cf. pp. 70–71, 154–155}}.</ref> == Qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka == Qaab-dhismeedka abtiriska ee la sheegay ee qabiilka Asharaafta waa sida soo socota:<ref>{{harvnb|Abbink|2009|p=37}}.</ref> * Xasan bin Cali ** Maxamed Shariif ** Shariif Cali ** Shariif Axmed ** Ashraf Sarman ** kuwo kale oo aan magacooda la sheegin * Xuseen bin Cali ** Reer Shariif Magbuul ** Shariif Axmed ** Shariif Balaaw ** kuwo kale oo aan magacooda la sheegin == Dadka xusid mudan == * [[Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden|Shariif Xasan]]<ref>June 2012 The Galgale In Somalia: Third-class citizens in their homeland Sharif Hassan from the Asharaf clan, page 12 Sharif Salah http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00040315:40b8440c1c8a08b8c79febe8120327f9.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155006/http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00040315:40b8440c1c8a08b8c79febe8120327f9.pdf |date=2016-11-07 }}</ref> * [[Dada Masiti]], Mana Sitti Habib Jamaladdin ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: مانا ستي حبيب جمال الدين) (<abbr>c.</abbr> 1810s – 15 Luulyo 1919), oo si fiican loogu yaqaan Dada Masiti ("Ayeeyo Masiti"), waxay ahayd gabyaa, suufi iyo caalimad Islaami ah oo ka tirsan Asharaafta. Waxay gabayadeeda ku hal-abuurtay [[Bravanese dialect|lahjada Baraawe]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Declich|first=Francesca|title=Sources on Islam Composed in the Vernacular: Somali Women's Religious Poetry". Islam in East Africa: New Sources. Rome: Herder|pages=297–330}}</ref> * [[Sharif Aydurus]], aqoonyahan ku takhasusay taariikhda Islaamka iyo Soomaalida iyo hoggaamiye guud ee Islaamiga ah * Shariif Imaankeey, [[Mayor of Mogadishu|Duqa Muqdisho]] laga soo bilaabo Sebtembar 1963{{endash}}1965 * Shariif Caydaruus, [[Mayor of Mogadishu|Duqa Muqdisho]] laga soo bilaabo 1966{{endash}}1970 == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya]] *[[Samaale]], awoowaha halyeeyga ah ee qabiilooyin badan oo Soomaaliyeed, oo sidoo kale la sheegay inuu ka soo jeedo qoyska (ballaaran) ee Maxamed *[[Sharif]], erayga Carabi ee uu qabiilku ka soo jeedo magaciisa == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} ===Ilo-xogeedka la soo xigtay=== *{{cite book|last1=Abbink|first1=G. J.|year=2009|title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition)<!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|series=Asc Working Paper Series|volume=84|location=Leiden|publisher=African Studies Centre|hdl=1887/14007|url=https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14007}} *{{cite web|author=Anon. A|date=9 July 2010|title=Australian Government – Refugee Review Tribunal – Country Advice: Somalia|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/06/11/asharaf%20clan.pdf}} *{{cite web|author=Anon. B|date=23 November 2010|title=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada: Responses to Information Requests: SOM103613.E|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/12/13/SOM103613.E.pdf}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|year=1961|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780852552803|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA11}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|date=1994|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|location=Lawrencewill, NJ|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=0-932415-93-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC}} *{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan M.|author1-link=Ioan Lewis|date=2008|title=Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: Culture, History, Society|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70084-9}} *{{cite book|last1=Mire|first1=Sada|author1-link=Sada Mire|date=2020|title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa|series=UCL Institute of Archaeology Publications|volume=69|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36850-7}} *{{cite book|last1=Mukhtar|first1=Mohamed Haji|year=2003|title=Historical Dictionary of Somalia|series=African Historical Dictionary Series|volume=87|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810866041}} *{{cite book|last1=Yoshimura|first1=Daisuke|year=2009|title=Clans in Somalia: Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel, COI Workshop Vienna, 15 May 2009 (Revised Edition)<!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|location=Vienna|publisher=Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b29f5e82.pdf}} 7skjtojpy78rc7z8prd18yqfyzu73pn 0 13639 304002 269903 2026-08-04T12:41:39Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 304002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''176''' {{Infobox number/box |number=176 | {{{number<noinclude>|{{#time:j}}</noinclude>}}} | {{title without disambig|{{Lambarada Tirada}}}} }} '''176''' waa [[lambar]]ka [[boqol]]-[[todobaatan|todobaatan iyo lixaad]] ee [[tiro|tirada]] [[xisaab]]ta. Lambarkan waa mid dhaban ah, waxaana ka horeeya lambar [[175]] lambarka ku xigana waa [[177]]. =Liiska Tirada= {{Template:Lambarada}} =Qoraalo La Mid ah= *[[Aasaaska Tiro]] *[[Aasaaska Xisaabta]] *[[Lambar]] *[[Tiro]] *[[Iskugeyn]] *[[Kalagoyn]] *[[Iskudhufasho]] *[[Iskuqaybin]] *[[Jajab]] *[[Dhaban]] *[[Kinsi]] *[[Xisaab]] *[[Aasaaska Tiro|10ka Lambar ee u horeeya]] =Xigasho= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Lambar]] [[Category:Xisaab]] [[Category:Aqoon]] [[Category:Tiro]] [[Category:Aasaaska Tirada]] [[Category:Saynis]] [[Category:Ilbaxnimo]] [[Category:Aasaaska Xisaabta]] [[en:176]] cs0o2mcbr2xe48t4hl4qzd8v8v8hst4 10 16101 304001 303917 2026-08-04T12:38:20Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 304001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 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(tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= *[[510 (tiro)|510]] *[[511 (tiro)|511]] *[[512 (tiro)|512]] *[[513 (tiro)|513]] *[[514 (tiro)|514]] *[[515 (tiro)|515]] *[[516 (tiro)|516]] *[[517 (tiro)|517]] *[[518 (tiro)|518]] *[[519 (tiro)|519]] |list3= *[[520 (tiro)|520]] *'''[[521 (tiro)|521]]''' *[[522 (tiro)|522]] *'''[[523 (tiro)|523]]''' *[[524 (tiro)|524]] *[[525 (tiro)|525]] *[[526 (tiro)|526]] *[[527 (tiro)|527]] *[[528 (tiro)|528]] *[[529 (tiro)|529]] |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list11={{Navbox|child |title=[[1000 (tiro)|1000]] |state={{if|eq| {{{1|}}}|10|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> 7rfnw6hyz7oyv71ch3s5h7b84wfr3wz 0 19886 304064 297940 2026-08-05T08:47:14Z ~2026-43203-14 46813 S 304064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Somali diaspora |image = [[Image:Flag of Somalia.svg|border|150px]] |population = {{circa}}: 20-25 (1–1.5) malyan |popplace = [[Jasiiradda Carabta]], [[Yurub]], [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]], [[Koonfur Afrika]], [[Ooshiyaaniya]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}} |pop1 = 251,000 |ref1 = <ref>[http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?[http://www.hiiraan.com/news2/2006/nov/ontario_municipal_election_somali_canadian_prospective.aspx{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Ontario Municipal Election: Somali Canadian Prospective; *N.B. 44,995 individuals reported Somali ethnicity in 2011 National Household Survey - c.f.]<</ref><ref>[http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 Stacan.GCC.ca]</ref> |region2 = {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}} |pop2 = 212,000 |ref2 = <ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AE Ethnologue United Arab Emirates]</ref> |region3 = {{flagcountry|European Union}} |pop3 =205,000 |ref3 = <Ref>article=1034&context=bildhaan Shire Saad „A. Transactions with Homeland: Remittance”Bildhaan: *N.B. Somali migrant population, Middle East including Yemen</Ref>. |region4 = {{flagcountry|United States}} |pop4 =201,000 |ref4 = |region5 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |pop5 = 200,000 |ref5 = <Ref>[https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1221/umfrage/anzahl-der-auslaender-in-deutschland-nach-herkunftsland/ Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland]</Ref>.: |region6 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |pop6 = 116,000 |ref6 = <ref>[https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/populationoftheunitedkingdombycountryofbirthandnationality Population of the United Kingdom by Country of Birth and Nationality - Office for National Statistics]</ref>.: |region7 = {{flagcountry|Switzerland}} |pop7 =87,025 |ref7 = |region8 = {{flagcountry|Sweden}} |pop8 = 63,853 |ref8 = <ref>[http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/sq/30271 Statistics Sweden - Foreign-born and born in Sweden]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |region9 = {{flagcountry|Norway}} |pop9 = 42,217 |ref89 = <ref>[http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/innvbef/aar/2017-03-02?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=297399 Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2016]</ref> |region10 = {{flagcountry|South Africa}} |pop10 = 41,000 |ref10 = <ref>[http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JSSA/JSSA-01-0-000-10-Web/JSSA-01-0-000-10-PDF/JSSA-01-1-2-091-10-012-Jinnah-Z/JSSA-01-1-2-091-10-012-Jinnah-Z-Tt.pdf Jinnah Zaheera, Making Home in a Hostile Land: Understanding Somali Identity, Integration, Livelihood and Risks in Johannesburg, J Sociology Soc Anth, 1 (1-2): 91-99 (2010) KRE Publishers]</ref> |region11 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} |pop11 = 39,465 |ref11 = <ref>[http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLEN&PA=37325eng&D1=a&D2=a&D3=0&D4=0&D5=187&D6=a&LA=EN&HDR=T&STB=G2,G1,G3,G5,G4&VW=T CBS StatLine - Population; sex, age, origin and generation, 1 January]</ref>.: |region12 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} |pop12 = 23,350 |ref12 = |region13 = {{flagcountry|Denmark}} |pop13 = 21,050 |ref13 = <Ref>[http://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1280 StatBank Denmark, tatbank.dk]</ref>.: |region14 = {{flagcountry|Finland}} |pop14 = 19,059 |ref14 = <ref>[http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/030_vaerak_tau_102.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=f19dfabb-3ad3-414c-b136-086d1f253aeb IOM - Finland]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |region15 = {{flagcountry|Australia}} |pop15 = 16,169 |ref15 = <ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/subscriber.nsf/log?openagent&207103%20-%20Cultural%20Diversity.xls&2071.0&Data%20Cubes&21F50C2D0457EF67CA2581620019845C&0&2016&20.07.2017&Latest Table 5. Ancestry by State and Territory of Usual Residence, Count of persons - 2016(a)(b) Australian Bureau of Statistics]</ref> |region16 = {{flagcountry|Italy}} |pop16 = 8,228 |ref16 = <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Statistiche demografiche ISTAT |url=http://demo.istat.it/str2016/ |access-date=2017-08-07 |archive-date=2018-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123000332/http://demo.istat.it/str2016/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |region17 = {{flagcountry|Syria}} |pop17 =1700 |ref17 =.:. |region18 ={{flagcountry|Qatar}} |pop18 =8,100 |ref18 =.:. |region19 = {{flagcountry|Austria}} |pop19 = 6,000 |ref19 = {{lower|<ref>[http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_staatsangehoerigkeit_geburtsland/index.html Statistik Austria]</ref>}}.: |region20 = {{flagcountry|Belgium}} |pop20 = 2,627 |ref20 = {{lower|<ref>[http://www.npdata.be/BuG/155-Vreemde-afkomst/Vreemde-afkomst.htm Jan Hertogen, Inwoners van vreemde afkomst in België]</ref>}} |region21 = {{flagcountry|Ireland}} |pop21 = 1,695 |ref21 = |region22 = {{flagcountry|New Zealand}} |pop22 = 1,617 |ref22 = <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Ethnic group profiles |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24790&parent_id=24761&tabname=#24790 |access-date=2016-08-19 |archive-date=2016-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317153257/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24790&parent_id=24761&tabname=#24790 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <Ref>[http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=EY025&Planguage=0 Population Usually Resident and Present in the State who Speak a Language other than English or Irish at Home 2011 to 2016 by Birthplace, Language Spoken, Age Group and CensusYear - StatBank - data and statistics, www.cso.ie, 2017-07-12]</ref>}} |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] (<small>afka hooyo</small>), [[Af-Carabi]] (<small>luqada labaad ee Soomaaliya iyo Jabuuti</small>); afaf kala duwan ee [[Yurub|Yurubeed]] (<small>luqadaha shaqada</small>) |rels = [[Islam]] }} '''Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed''' waxaa loola jeedaa [[Soomaalida]] joogta daafaha aduunka una leh dhaqan oo aan la dagin koox isirkooda ahayn. [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] wuxuu aad u kordhiyay tirada qurbajoogta, sidoo kale waxay sababtay in ay u baxaan [[Soomaaliweyn]] dhankaas iyo [[Bariga dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Laakiin Soomaali badan ayaa qurbojoog ahaa xitaa ka hor dagaalka Sokeeye, iyaga oo shaqo iyo waxbarashaba u aaday dalalka Carabta, si gaar ah Sacuudiga, Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska Deegaanka Cardiff<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/jan/23/britishidentity.features11 Deegaanka Cardiff]</ref> ee Ingiriiska waxaa uu muddo dheer hoy u ahaa Soomaali qurbojoog ah oo halkaa yimid wax badan ka hor xornimada Soomaaliya ee 1960dii. ==Kala firdhad caalami ah== Soomaalidu waxay ku kala firirsantahay dibadda si aan la hubin, taasoo u sabab ah iskumilanka u dhexeeya tirada qawmiyadda Soomaaliyeed iyo tirada muwaadiniinta Soomaaliya. Inta ugu badan ee Soomaalida haajirtay ee qurbajoogta u haajiray si [[qaxooti]]nimo ah iyo [[magangalyo-doon]], ilaa waqtigaas in badan oo ka mid ah waxa ay heleen [[degganaasho rasmi ah]] ama [[dhalashada]]. Guud ahaan, dadka asalkoodu yahay qawmiyadda soomaalida ioo adduunka soo-galootiga ka ah tiro ahaan waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 1,010,000 qof, ku dhawaad 300,000 deggan [[Bariga Afrika|Bariga]] iyo [[Koonfur Afrika]], 250,000 Woqooyiga Ameerika, 250,000 Yurub, 200,000 Bariga Dhexe, iyo 10,000 in [[Ooshiyaaniya]].<ref>[http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=bildhaan Shire Saad A. 92 Transactions with Homeland: Remittance]</ref> Isbarbardhigga, tirada qaxootiga ka yimid Soomaaliya una diiwaan gashan [[UNHCR]] waa ku dhawaad 975,951 qof. Dadkaas inta ugu badan waxaa laga diiwaan galiyay [[Egypt]] (413,170), [[Yemen]] (253,876), and [[Ethiopia]] (250,988).<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tirada soomaalida ee u diiwaan gashay si qaxootinimo ah |url=http://data.unhcr.org/horn-of-africa/regional.php |access-date=2016-08-19 |archive-date=2017-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628165215/http://data.unhcr.org/horn-of-africa/regional.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sida ay la tahay [[USAID]], inta badan meelahaas barakacayaasha waa meelaha u dhaw dhulka ay degaan [[Jareer Soomaali]] iyo kuwa laga tirada badanyahay. Sidaas daraadeed, qaybtaan waa laga saaraa qurbajoogta Soomaalida. ==Yurub== ===Ingiriiska=== Waa halka ay ku nool yihiin tirada ugu badan qurbojoogta Soomaaliyeed ee Yurub ===Finland=== Waxa ay Soomaalidu bilowday imaanshaha dalkan wixii ka dambeeyay 1991 laakiin Soomaali badan waxa ay u arkaan inay tahay meel lagu meel gaaro iyada oo qorshahoogu yahay inay uga gudbaan dalalka kale ee Yurub. ===Holland=== Holland waa ku nool Soomaali aad u badan oo qaxootinimo ku tagay halkaas wixii ka dambeeyay 1991. Gabadha aad u dhaliisha Islaamka, [[Ayaan Xirsi]] ayaa ka mid ah Soomaalida qaxooti ahaanta ku tagay Holland.::. ==Woqooyiga Ameerika== [[File:Salaamahut.jpg|thumb|right|Salaama Hut restaurant at a Somali strip mall in [[Toronto]].]] ===United States=== Qurbojoogta Soomaalida ee Mareykankan ka ugu badan waxa ay ku nool yihiin Minnesota, iyada oo Ilham Cumar ay hadda u tartamayso kursiga xildhibaannimo ee deegaankaas.:. ===Kanada=== Kanada waa ku nool Soomaali aad u badan. Axmed Xuseen oo Soomaali ah ayaa hadda ah wasiirka Socdaalka, jinsiyadaha iyo arrimaha qaxotiga ee Kanada, Canada. ==Bariga Dhexe== Soomaalidu waxa ay Barriga Dhexe ku noolaayeen kahor “Dagaalkii Sokeeye”. Waxa ay dalalka carabta u aadi jireen shaqo iyo aqoon-doon. ==Afrika (Qaaradda): == Soomaali badan ayaa ku nool dalalka kale ee africa badankood sida: {{Flag|Egypt}} (251,170); {{Flag|Ethiopia}}; (251,560) {{Flag|Sudan}}; (205,431) {{Flag|Kenya}}; (300,000) and {{Flag|South Africa}}: (2001,671).: ==Shirarka Af-soomaaliga== [https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/weekly-meetings/search/SO/Italy/41.87194,12.56738/@54.075022,5.396141,4z (Yurub): Kulamada qaar ayaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay: Soomaali] {{Wayback|url=https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/weekly-meetings/search/SO/Italy/41.87194,12.56738/@54.075022,5.396141,4z |date=20220327102107 }}<ref>{{Cite web |title=(Ameerika): Kulamada qaar ayaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay: Soomaali |url=https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/?w=4292FDC8-40AC-4241-A297-28544EC130AA |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2022-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327102107/https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/?w=4292FDC8-40AC-4241-A297-28544EC130AA |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist|2}} ==Raadraac== *Bjork, Stephanie R and Kusow, Abdi M, ''From Mogadishu to Dixon: The Somali Diaspora in a Global Context'', (Africa World Free Press, 1997) ==Linkiyo banaanka ka ah== *[http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/RWWC/themes/1078/1267 Reassessing what we collect website - Somali London] History of Somali London with objects and images {{Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed}} [[Category:Qawmiyadda Soomaaliyeed|*]] [[Category:Bulshada Soomaaliyeed|Qurbajoog]] [[Category:Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed| ]] g6qitnbfvrqobej7e1ttijx9n3xsyx3 0 28023 304062 303333 2026-08-04T21:19:16Z ~2026-43271-18 46808 /* */ 304062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xagar''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Jubbada Hoose]]. Degmada waxay deris la tahay degmada Afmadow, dhanka gobolka Jubada Dhexe waxay deris la tahay magaalada Bu'aale. Degmadu waxay degmanimadeeda qaadatay sannadkii 1987. Degmada waxaa hoos yimaada in ka badan 55 tuulo. Degmadu waxay caan ku tahay cimilada wanaagsan, taaso ka dhigan inay ku habboon tahay beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha.Degmada waxa dega beesha [[Bartire|Jidwaaq]], gaar ahaan beesha Bartire . Jifooyinka kala ah: 1. Reer Guuleed (Cabdille Guuleed, Xuseen Guuleed, Nuur Guuleed, Yusuf Guuleed, Axmed Guuleed) 2. Reer Wacays (Cali Wacays, Cabdi Wacays, Xuseen Wacays, Cilmi Wacays, Axmed Wacays) 3. Reer Gaboobe (Aamin Gaboobe, Nuur Gaboobe, Cusman Gaboobe, Maxamud Gaboobe, Xasan Gaboobe) 5. Axmed Saacad iyo Xasan Sacad, 6. Laagmadoobe (Reer Garaad)Reer Saleban quwaxade == Taariikh == ==Juqraafiga Jubbada Hoose == Dagmooyinka Jubbada hoose Kismaayo=Harti,Cowrmale Afmadoow=Ogaaden, Wardey Xagar=Bartire Jamaame=Bimaal,Jareerwayne Badhaadhe=Gaaljecel,Shiikhaal,Ogaaden ==Beelaha Jidwaaq Bartire == ==Dhaqaalaha== {{gumud}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Jubbada Hoose}} qqqgfkwh556l3xbyjq415jeb0r9sejf 0 50059 304008 2026-08-04T13:36:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|20|37|N|9|56|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bornhagen in EIC.svg |state = |district = Eichsfeld |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hanstein-Rusteberg |elevation = 300 |area = 6.59 |postal_code = 37318 |area_code = 036081 |licence = EIC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 61 014 |website = [https://www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de/ www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de] |mayor = Tobias Beckmann<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Bornhagen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Eichsfeld (district)|Eichsfeld]] ee [[Thuringia]], Jarmalka, oo ku taal cagaha haraadiga [[Hanstein Castle|Qalcadda Hanstein]]. Degmada magaalo Rimbach waxay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee qalcadda iyadoo joogedu yahay 370&nbsp;m. Bornhagen waxay 22&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigtaa [[Göttingen]], 85&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigtaa caasimadda gobolka [[Erfurt]] iyo 270&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ka xigtaa [[Berlin]]. Waa degmada ugu galbeedsan Thuringia laakiin ma ahan meesha ugu galbeedsan taas oo ah 75&nbsp;km koonfur u dhow [[Geisa]]. Qalcadda Hanstein waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay dukumentiyada rasmiga ah qarnigii 9-aad ee Keniisadda Corvey, waxaana loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah haraadiga qalcadda ee ugu weyn dhexe Jarmalka. Waqtiyadii dhexe, qalcaddu waxay u adeegaysay xabsi. Intii lagu guda jiray [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Sodonka Sano]], qayb ahaan waxaa burburiyay ciidamadii Iswidhishka, taas ka dib lagama daganayn si joogto ah. Howlaha dib-u-dhiska ayaa laga bilaabay qalcadda 1985 iyadoo ay taageerayaan bulshada dhaxalka deegaanka. Meesha saddexda garab leh ee laga soo bilaabo [[castle chapel|chapel-ka qalcadda]] hore waxaa laga daawan karaa Kaniisadda Kaatooligga ee Rimbach. Bornhagen sidoo kale waa [https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g1966931-Activities-Bornhagen_Thuringia.html goob dalxiis] oo caan ah. Bornhagen waxay ka kooban tahay nuqul buuxa oo ah [[Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe|Xusuusta Yuhuudda ee Yurub ee la laayay]]. ==Sawirada== <gallery> File:Bornhagen Kirche.jpg|Kaniisadda [[Lutheran|Lutheran-ka]] File:Wurstmuseum Bornhagen.jpg|Matxafka suugiga File:Burg Hanstein.JPG|Burg Hanstein File:Bornhagen Friedensstr Nachbildung Holocaust-Mahnmal 1 2018-01-01.jpg|Nuqul ka mid ah xusuusta Holocaust ayaa laga dhisay hantida ku xigta guriga siyaasiga garabka midig ee [[Björn Höcke]]. </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qghddh919kfebptacq9z0fsn6u9q4t3 0 50060 304009 2026-08-04T13:38:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bornholt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|6|N|9|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bornholt in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Mittelholstein |elevation = 21 |area = 11 |postal_code = 25557 |area_code = 04872 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 025 |website = |mayor = Volker Timm |party = }} '''Bornholt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Ka dib doorashadii deegaanka ee 2013 Wählergemeinschaft KWG waxay haysataa dhammaan toddobada kursi ee degmada. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 3idakupaxmcioc5fv1m1rjerbvta8f1 0 50061 304010 2026-08-04T13:39:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Evangelische Vicelinkirche St. Jakobi zu Bornhöved.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda [[Lutheran|Lutheran-ka]] |image_coa = DEU Bornhöved COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|4|N|10|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bornhöved in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Bornhöved |elevation = 43 |area = 14.35 |postal_code = 24619 |area_code = 04323 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 012 |website = https://www.bornhoeved.de/ |mayor = Reinhard Wundram |party = }} '''Bornhöved''' ({{IPA|de|bɔʁnˈhøːvət}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Bodenverdichtung in Bornhöved {{!}} SH Magazin 02.05.2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gjdP1LSJkY&feature=youtu.be&t=19|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Districts of Germany|Kreis]]'' (gobolka) [[Segeberg]] ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], waqooyiga [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 16&nbsp;km bari ka xigta [[Neumünster]]. Bornhöved waa qayb ka tirsan ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' (isbahaysiga degmada) ee [[Bornhöved (Amt)|Bornhöved]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bornhoved}} pyu44fd58x4lxtdy77hn8zbd2xtcq32 0 50062 304011 2026-08-04T13:40:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bornich COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|7|43|N|7|46|09|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bornich in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Loreley |elevation = 300 |area = 12.00 |postal_code = 56348 |area_code = 06771 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 016 |website = [http://www.bornich.de/ www.bornich.de] |mayor = Karin Kristja<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Bornich''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Rhein-Lahn|gobolka Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0lgp0jqwblnordbucpzj0mf5m9a943d 0 50063 304012 2026-08-04T13:42:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen_Börnichen.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|44|58|N|13|8|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Börnichen-Erzgeb. in ERZ.png |state = |district = Erzgebirgskreis |Verwaltungsverband = Wildenstein |elevation = 517 |area = 15.48 |postal_code = 09437 |area_code = 037294 |licence = ERZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14521090 |website = [http://www.boernichen.de www.boernichen.de] |mayor = Frank Lohr<ref>[https://www.statistik.sachsen.de/wahlen/bm/BM2001-2018/B%fcrgermeisterwahlen%202001-2018/wahlen.statistik.sachsen.de/wahlarchiv/pkg_w04_nav5c95.html Bürgermeisterwahlen 2018], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;25 }} '''Börnichen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Erzgebirgskreis]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bornichen}} 4vwbalgdb4h5syejjxza33c9r8mgdud 0 50064 304013 2026-08-04T13:43:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Börnsen.png |image_coa = Bornsen Wappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|28|N|10|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Börnsen in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Hohe Elbgeest |elevation = 48 |area = 8.42 |postal_code = 21039 |area_code = 040 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 012 |website = [http://www.amt-hohe-elbgeest.de/ www.amt-hohe-<br />elbgeest.de] |mayor = Walter Heisch |party = }} '''Börnsen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bornsen}} ta1cfbsq295roxywpltohruywhqj3v7 0 50065 304014 2026-08-04T13:45:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|49|N|12|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Borrentin_in_MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Demmin-Land |elevation = 39 |area = 48.09 |postal_code = 17111 |area_code = 039994 |licence = DM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 014 |divisions = 8 |website = |mayor = Eckhard Wach }} '''Borrentin''' waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]], [[Jarmalka]]. Xaruntii ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' Borrentin ilaa 2004, hadda waa qayb ka tirsan ''Amt'' [[Demmin-Land]]. Wadada wayn ee [[Bundesstraße 194|B194]] waxay martaa degmada. Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee ugu weyn Borrentin waa beeraha. Ganacsiyada kale waa kuwo yar yar oo cabbir ah.<ref>[http://www.landkreis-demmin.de/index.phtml?La=1&ffsn=false&object=tx 1232.726.1 Amt Demmin-Land]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rk5ez9wsifiybfrxjtp8cv8j9gbe141 0 50066 304015 2026-08-04T13:46:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Blick auf Börrstadt.jpg |image_coa = DEU Börrstadt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|34|39.78|N|7|56|35.4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Börrstadt in KIB.svg |state = |district = Donnersbergkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Winnweiler |elevation = 261 |area = 15.09 |postal_code = 67725 |area_code = 06357 |licence = KIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 33 009 |website = [https://boerrstadt.de.tl/ boerrstadt.de.tl] |mayor = Torsten Windecker<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Donnersbergkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Börrstadt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbœʁʃtat}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Donnersbergkreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Borrstadt}} pv2vzira84dixr35nbqlbtqhpqtibvs 0 50067 304016 2026-08-04T13:48:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Borsdorf town-hall.JPG |image_caption = Xarunta degmada |image_coa = Wappen borsdorf.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|20|49|N|12|32|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Borsdorf in L.svg |state = |district = Leipzig |elevation = 152 |area = 15.56 |postal_code = 04451 |area_code = 034291 |licence = L, BNA, GHA, GRM, MTL, WUR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14729060 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.borsdorf.de/ www.borsdorf.de] |mayor = Birgit Kaden<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2020], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;27 |party = CDU }} '''Borsdorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Leipzig (district)|Leipzig]] ee [[Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== Degmada casriga ah ee Borsdorf waxay ka kooban tahay saddex [[tuulo|tuulo]] oo taariikhi ah: Borsdorf (oo asal ahaan ahayd midda ugu yar saddexda, u adeegaysay saldhig canshuur oo ku yaal wadada ugu weyn ee taariikhiga ah ee ka timid Leipzig ilaa Dresden), Panitzsch (deegaan asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Slavic) iyo Zweenfurth (oo loogu magac daray gudubka webiga). Saddexda tuulaba waxay ku yaalaan wabiga Parthe agtiisa. Borsdorf waxay la deris tahay [[Leipzig]] dhanka galbeed, [[Taucha]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Machern]] dhanka bari iyo [[Brandis]] dhanka koonfur-bari. ==Gaadiidka== Borsdorf waxay ku taal xarunta tareenka ee u dhaxeysa Leipzig iyo Dresden. Waxaa u adeega tareenada rakaabka ee maxaliga ah, shabakada gaadiidka degdeg ah ee [[S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland]] iyo sidoo kala tareenka Regional Express ([[Regionalexpress]]) Leipzig-Dresden. Gudaha [[Borsdorf (Sachs) station|saldhigga Borsdorf]], [[Borsdorf–Coswig railway|khadka labaad ee Leipzig–Dresden]] ayaa ka baxaya kaas oo taariikh ahaan ahaa xiriir kale oo muhiim ah oo loo aado Dresden iyada oo loo marayo [[Meissen]] oo weli isticmaal maanta. Degmada waxaa lagu xiray Leipzig iyada oo loo marayo wadada wayn ee federaalka B6. Waddada degdegga ah ee ugu dhow waa [[Bundesautobahn 14|Bundesautobahn A14]], qiyaastii 4&nbsp;km galbeed ka xigta Borsdorf. Garoonka diyaaradaha Leipzig-Halle waxaa lagu gaari karaa 30 daqiiqo gudahood adoo wata baabuur. ==Sawirada== <gallery> File:Borsdorf Bahnhof.jpg|[[Borsdorf (Sachs) station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Borsdorf]] File:Hugo Oehmichen Im Kindergarten.jpg|''Im Kindergarten'' (Gudaha [[kindergarten|xanaanada carruurta]]), waxaa qoray [[Hugo Oehmichen]] (d. 1843 ee Borsdorf) File:Bebel-Liebknecht-Gedenktafel Borsdorf.JPG|[[August Bebel]] iyo [[Wilhelm Liebknecht]] waxay joogeen Borsdorf intii u dhaxaysay 1881 iyo 1891 intii lagu jiray [[Anti-Socialist Laws|Sharciyada Ka-hor-jeedka-Hantiwadaagga]], sawirku wuxuu muujinayaa loox xusuus ah oo ka baxsan dhismaha villa halkaas oo ay ku noolaayeen. </gallery> ==Suunka Cagaaran (Grüner Ring Leipzig)== Borsdorf waa xubin ka tirsan 'Grüner Ring Leipzig' oo ah koox isku duwo ah oo ka tirsan Leipzig iyo degmooyinka ku xeeran. Sida qayb ka mid ah tan, koorsada wareegga baaskiilka ee 'Grüner Ring' (suunka cagaaran) waxay dhex martaa Borsdorf. [[File:GRL 2011 Karte neu.png|thumb|center|Koorsada wareegga baaskiilka ee suunka cagaaran (cagaaran madow ='Suunka Cagaaran ee Gudaha'; cagaaran iftiin = 'Suunka Cagaaran ee Dibadda')]] ==Degmojoogayaal caan ah== Albrecht Gehse (* 1955), Rinjiyeeye, xubin ka tirsan Dugsiga Leipzig, oo loo yaqaano i.a. sawirkiisa [[Helmut Kohl]] ee dhismaha [[German Chancellery|Xafiiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Jarmalka]], Berlin Sarah Klier (* 2 Oktoob 1990) waxay ahayd ilmihii ugu dambeeyay ee ku dhashay [[GDR]] laba daqiiqo ka hor midoobidda Jarmalka saqdii dhexe 2/3 Oktoob 1990. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{HOV}} {{Authority control}} j5jkecwaf0dioxkax2menfaxobtpqwk 0 50068 304017 2026-08-04T13:50:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Borsfleth COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|49|N|9|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Borsfleth in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Horst-Herzhorn |elevation = 2 |area = 15.19 |postal_code = 25376 |area_code = 04124, 04824 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 015 |website = {{url|http://www.amt-horst-herzhorn.de/}} |mayor = Peter Mohr |party = }} '''Borsfleth''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1lf9a77nyiwtpfet897obz1tg81u0sg 0 50069 304018 2026-08-04T13:51:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Borsigwalde |name_local = |image_photo = Raeusch 15 Street Ensemble.png |image_caption = Taariikhda taariikhiga ah ee ku taal ''Räuschstraße'' |type = Rubuc |City = Berlin |image_coa = Coat of arms de-be Borsigwalde.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|52|34|59|N|13|18|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |borough = Reinickendorf |divisions = |elevation = 52 |area = 2.0 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=111211}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = 13509<ref>Isha: ''[[ADAC]] StadtAtlas [[Berlin]]-[[Potsdam]]''. {{ISBN|3-8264-1348-2}}</ref> |area_code = |licence = B |year = 1899 |plantext = Goobta Borsigwalde ee degmada Reinickendorf iyo Berlin |image_plan = Berlin Reinickendorf Borsigwalde.svg |website = {{official website|http://www.borsigwalde.org/}} }} '''Borsigwalde''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɔʁzɪçˌvaldə|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Borsigwalde.wav}}) waa [[municipality|degmo]] Jarmal ah (''Ortsteil'') oo ku dhex taal [[Boroughs and localities of Berlin|xaafadda]] (''Bezirk'') ee [[Reinickendorf]], [[Berlin]]. Ilaa 2012 waxay ahayd aag (''Ortslage'') qayb ka ah [[Wittenau]].<ref name=a>{{in lang|de}} [https://www.berlin.de/ba-reinickendorf/bvv-online/vo020.asp?VOLFDNR=3069&options=4 Dukumentiyada ku jira www.berlin.de]</ref> ==Taariikhda== Degmada, oo loogu magac daray injineer [[August Borsig]], ayaa markii ugu horreysay la dejiyay 1899<ref>{{in lang|de}} [[Michael Zaremba]]: ''Reinickendorf im Wandel der Geschichte''. Daabacaad. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, {{ISBN|3-930863-63-4}}</ref> iyo, 1 Oktoob 1920, lagu daray Berlin oo wata [[Greater Berlin Act|Sharciga Berlin Weyn]]. Qayb ka mid ah [[Wittenau]] oo ah ''Ortslage'' fudud, Borsigwalde waxay noqotay degmada 11aad ee Reinickendorf (iyo 95aad ee Berlin) 24 Abriil 2012, ka dib go'aan ka soo baxay golaha xaafadaha ee 14 Maarso. Go'aanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqay [[Public journal|wargeyska rasmiga ah]] 18 May 2012.<ref name=a /><ref>{{in lang|de}} [http://www.kulturbuch-verlag.de/Service/amtsblatt-fur-berlin/kostenloser-lese-service Wargeyska Rasmiga ah (''Amtsblatt'') Nr. 20, bogga 771 (oo ay ku jirto khariidada xuduudaha rubuca)]</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Waxaa ku taal waqooyiga Berlin iyo bartamaha Reinickendorf, Borsigwalde waxay xuduud la leedahay degmooyinka [[Tegel]] (galbeed iyo koonfur), [[Reinickendorf]] (koonfur-bari) iyo [[Wittenau]] (waqooyi iyo bari). Ma ahan mid aad uga fog [[Lake Tegel|Harada Tegel]] waxaana dhankeeda waqooyi-bari ku taal [[Rathaus Reinickendorf|xarunta magaalada Reinickendorf]]. ==Gaadiidka== Borsigwalde waxay ka yar tahay 1&nbsp;km [[Berlin-Tegel Airport|Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Berlin-Tegel]] waxaana ku xiran [[Bundesautobahn 111|wadada wayn ee A 111]]. Xuduudda Tegel waxaa ka gudba [[S-Bahn]] khadka [[S25 (Berlin)|S25]], iyo [[Eichborndamm station|saldhigga Eichborndamm]] ayaa u adeega degmada. ==Sawirada== <gallery widths=200> File:Borsigwalde Borsigwalder Weg-002.JPG|Aragtida ''Borsigwalder Weg'' File:Berlin-Borsigwalde Karte.png|Khariidada waddada ee Borsigwalde </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category|Berlin-Borsigwalde|Borsigwalde}} *{{in lang|de}} [http://www.borsigwalde.org/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Borsigwalde] *{{in lang|de}} [http://www.borsigwalde.eu/ Sawirada Borsigwalde: shalay iyo maanta] {{Authority control}} 1p8626tgh0bnze06gc7yth2uk4ge7sa 0 50070 304019 2026-08-04T13:53:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Börslingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|32|22|N|10|3|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Börslingen in UL.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Alb-Donau-Kreis |elevation = 560 |area = 6.29 |postal_code = 89177 |area_code = 07340 |licence = UL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 25 022 |mayor = Heinrich Wolf<ref>[https://www.swp.de/lokales/75-prozent-fuer-buergermeister-wolf-25372084.html 75 Prozent für Bürgermeister Wolf], Südwest Presse, 23 April 2018.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 }} '''Börslingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbœʁslɪŋən}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Alb-Donau (district)|Alb-Donau]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Borslingen}} n7xvv3bt21vn6f2oqghmrouslck4kvq 0 50071 304020 2026-08-04T13:54:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Borstorf.svg |image_coa = Wappen Borstorf.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|37|N|10|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Borstorf in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Breitenfelde |elevation = 48 |area = 8.65 |postal_code = 23881 |area_code = 04543 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 013 |website = [http://www.amt-breitenfelde.de/ www.amt-<br />breitenfelde.de] |mayor = Hans-Joachim Krückmeyer |party = }} '''Borstorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fpzh2qvn2s8wi0hr8027iz91hqsxdlm 0 50072 304021 2026-08-04T13:56:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo=File:Börtlingen.jpg |image_caption=Börtlingen sida looga arko Hohenstaufen |image_coa=DEU Börtlingen COA.svg |coordinates={{coord|48|45|13|N|9|37|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan=Börtlingen in GP.svg |state= |region=Stuttgart |district=Göppingen |elevation=450 |area=8.26 |Gemeindeschlüssel=08117011 |postal_code=73104 |area_code=07161 |licence=GP |website=[http://www.boertlingen.de/ www.boertlingen.de] |mayor=Sabine Catenazzo<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 12 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term=2020&ndash;28 |party=Cagaaran }} '''Börtlingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ku taal koonfurta [[Jarmalka]]. [[File:Johanneskirche, Bortlingen, Württemberg, Germany.jpg|thumb|Johanneskirche, Börtlingen, Württemberg. Kaniisad aad u da'weyn oo soo jirtay ilaa 1202, isla markaana lagu cusboonaysiiyay intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2000.]] [[File:Johanneskirche history.jpg|thumb|Taariikhda Johanneskirche ee aadka u da'da weyn ee Börtlingen, Württemberg.]] [[File:Barn and well in Börtlingen, Württemberg.jpg|thumb|Bakhaar iyo ceel ku yaal Börtlingen]] ==Juqraafiga== Börtlingen waxay ku taal cidhifka [[Stuttgart Metropolitan Region|gobolka magaalo-madaxda Stuttgart]]. Waxay ku taal [[Schurwald]], 334–498 m ka sarreysa heerka badda, qiyaastii 6 km waqooyi kaga beegan magaalada Göppingen. Degmada Börtlingen waxaa ku jira tuulada Börtlingen, labada [[tuulo|tuulo]] ee Breech iyo Zell, beeraha Ödweiler, Schweizerhof iyo Schneiderhof, iyo haraadiga tuulada Oedweiler.<ref>''Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. Band III: Regierungsbezirk Stuttgart, Regionalverband Mittlerer Neckar.'' Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, {{ISBN|3-17-004758-2}}, S. 340.</ref> ===Horumarka dadweynaha=== {| class="wikitable" ! Taariikhda ! Degganayaasha |- | 1837 || align="center" | 669 |- | 1907 || align="center" | 660 |- | 17. May 1939 || align="center" | 651 |- | 13. September 1950 || align="center" | 935 |- | 27. May 1970 || align="center" | 1.311 |- | 31. December 1983 || align="center" | 1.571 |- | 31. December 2000 || align="center" | 1.767 |- | 31. December 2005 || align="center" | 1.798 |- | 31. December 2010 || align="center" | 1.754 |} Isha: Xafiiska Tirakoobka Baden-Württemberg Stuttgart ==Gaadiidka== Börtlingen waxaa laga gaari karaa B 297 iyo wadada degmada K 1408 ee ka timaada [[Lorch (Württemberg)|Lorch]] iyo Göppingen. Wadooyinka maxaliga ah waxay u horseedaan Zachersmühle iyo Oberwälden iyo ku saabsan Kaisersträßle ilaa [[Adelberg]] iyo Oberberken. Waxaa jira adeeg bas oo tagta kana imanaysa Göppingen. Börtlingen hore waxaa loogu xiray shabakada tareenka {{ill|Hohenstaufenbahn|de}} ([[Schwäbisch Gmünd]] – Göppingen) ee saldhigga Adelberg-Börtlingen. ==Waxbarashada== Dugsiga Paul Roth-school Börtlingen waxay leedahay dugsi hoose, waxaa kaloo jira xanaanada carruurta Protestant. Dugsiyada waxaa lagu gaari karaa [[Rechberghausen]] iyo Göppingen. ==Dhismayaasha== Waxaa ku taal qaybta sare ee Börtlingen Kaniisadda St. John's, taas oo la daah furay 1202. Dhismaha asalka ah ee Gothic ee kaniisadda hadda waxay dhisatay 1500 oo markii dambe qarnigii 18-aad waxaa laga yaabaa in loo qaabeeyey qaabka Baroque.<ref>Broschüre ''Börtlinger Weg''</ref> [[File:ReinhMaierTurm Leuchtturm langer Franz Boertlingen DE.JPG|thumb|240px|Reinhold Maier Turm Gobolka Börtlingen ee Göppingen]] Int u dhaxaysa Breech iyo Rattenharz, ee wadada degmada K 1408 waa [[Reinhold Maier]]-tower. Munaaradda kormeerka, oo ahayd munaaradda biyaha ee hore, waxay leedahay dherer ah ilaa 25 m waxaana laga arki karaa Börtlingen. Waxaa la dhisay 1914 waxayna ahayd ilaa 2008 adeegsiga munaaradda biyaha. Waxaa markii dambe la dhowray iyadoo ay bilaabeen duqa magaalada iyo qaar ka mid ah muwaadiniinta.<ref>Gemeindeblatt Börtlingen</ref> {{Commonscat}} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bortlingen}} n5k2medppiuvtqtm697b8r40zuaclzz 0 50073 304022 2026-08-04T13:58:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | name = Bortshausen | name_local = | image_photo = Bortshausen (Marburg) (001).JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_coa = | coordinates = {{coord|50|45|N|08|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Karte Marburg Stadtteile und Nachbargemeinden.png | plantext = Xaafadaha Marburg | state = | district = [[Marburg-Biedenkopf]] | type = Xaafad | City = [[Marburg]] | elevation = 200-220 | area = 2.12 | population = 234 | population_as_of = 2019-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www.marburg.de/downloads/datei/OTAwMDE5Nzc1Oy07L3d3dy92aHRkb2NzL21hcmJ1cmcvbWFyYnVyZy9tZWRpZW4vZG9rdW1lbnRlL2hhdXNoYWx0c3BsYW5fMjAyMV9iYW5kX2lfXzNfXy5wZGY= |title=Haushaltssatzung und Haushaltsplan 2021|publisher=Stadt Marburg|page=7|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> | postal_code = 35043 | area_code = 06421 | website = }} [[File:Kirche Bortshausen 2.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda Bortshausen]] '''Bortshausen''' waa xaafad (''[[Ortsbezirk]]'') ka tirsan [[Marburg]] ee [[Hesse]].<ref>[https://www.marburg.de/medien/satzungen/900000357_hauptsatzung_i.d.f._xxiii._nachtrag_inkrafttreten_am_27.11.2021.pdf Hauptsatzung der Universitätsstadt Marburg], § 3, 27 November 2021.</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.marburg.de/bortshausen Macluumaadka ku saabsan Bortshausen ee www.marburg.de] {{in lang|de}} * {{Commons-inline}} {{Authority control}} nw4rikl6abjxr297p13di1m55bmg1sw 0 50074 304023 2026-08-04T13:59:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|23|48|N|11|13|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Borxleben in KYF.png |state = |district = Kyffhäuserkreis |elevation = 134 |area = 5.33 |postal_code = 06556 |area_code = 0 34 66 |licence = KYF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 65 008 |mayor = Jochen Franke<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Borxleben''' waa [[tuulo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Kyffhäuserkreis]], ee [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Int u dhaxeysa 30 Juun 1994 iyo 1 Janaayo 2019, Borxleben waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Mittelzentrum Artern]] degmada wadajirka ah. == Dadweynaha == Sida laga soo xigtay ''31 Diseembar'' sanad walba: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | valign="top" width="20%" | * 1994 – 413 * 1995 – 399 * 1996 – 395 * 1997 – 407 * 1998 – 413 * 1999 – 395 | valign="top" width="20%" | * 2000 – 387 * 2001 – 370 * 2002 – 356 * 2003 – 359 * 2004 – 366 * 2005 – 359 | valign="top" width="20%" | * 2006 – 345 * 2007 – 334 * 2008 – 311 * 2009 – 315 * 2010 – 304 * 2011 – 293 | valign="top" width="20%" | * 2012 – 293 * 2013 – 293 * 2014 – 292 * 2015 – 281 |} :<small>Isha: Xafiiska Tirakoobka Gobolka Thuringian</small> <gallery> Borxleben Kirche.JPG|Kaniisadda Borxleben Borxleben Kriegerdenkmal.JPG|Taallo Dagaal oo ku taal Borxleben </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 33bkfc7hy3g54mv22obfv27m9vsvdne 0 50075 304024 2026-08-04T14:00:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bosbüll<br><small>Bosbøl / Bousbel</small> |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Bosbüll.svg |image_coa = DEU Bosbüll COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|49|32|N|8|51|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bosbuell in NF.PNG |state = |district = Nordfriesland |Amt = Südtondern |elevation = 3 |area = 6.33 |postal_code = 25899 |area_code = 04661 |licence = NF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 54 016 |website = [http://www.amt-suedtondern.de www.amt-suedtondern.de] |mayor = Peter Matthiesen |party = }} '''Bosbüll''' ({{langx|da|Bosbøl}}, [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]]: ''Bousbel'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Nordfriesland]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bosbull}} jw4o0d13nrzbepnn1ph849dm8zrdhub 0 50076 304025 2026-08-04T14:02:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Bösel |image_flag = Flagge Boesel.svg |image_coa = DEU Bösel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|0|21|N|7|57|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bösel in CLP.svg |state = |district = Cloppenburg |elevation = 13 |area = 100.1 |postal_code = 26219 |area_code = 0 44 94 |licence = CLP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 53 002 |website = [http://www.boesel.de www.boesel.de] |mayor = Hermann Block }} '''Bösel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbøːzl̩}}; {{langx|nds|Bäsel}}) waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Cloppenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Jarmalka]]. [[File:Heimathaus Heimatmuseum in Bösel (2024).jpg|thumb|315px|Bakhaarka qoryaha dhismaha ee Matxafka 'Heimathaus']] ==Taariikhda== Bösel waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1080 magaca ''Borsla'' (= "Kaynta ku taal bangiga mowjada ah") ee marag-furkii [[bishop of Osnabrück|bishobka Osnabrück]]. Dukumentigii ugu horreeyay ee qoran ee kaniisadda ku taal Bösel waxaa lagu taariikheeyay sanadka 1574, laakiin Bösel lagama soocin [[mother church|kaniisaddeeda hooyo]] ee Altenoythe oo aan laga dhigin [[commune (subnational entity)|degmo]] madax bannaan ilaa 1876. Maanta Bösel waxay ka kooban tahay sagaal goobood (Bösel-Ort, Edewechterdamm, Glaßdorf, Hülsberg, Osterloh, Ostland, Overlahe, Petersdorf und Westerloh). ==Siyaasadda== * Duqa magaalada: Hermann Block Golaha degmada Bösel wuxuu ka kooban yahay kuraasta soo socota: * CDU: 14 kursi * SPD: 2 kursi * FDP: 3 kursi * UWB: 2 kursi ==Dugsiyada== * St.-Martin-Grundschule * Haupt- und Realschule * Grundschule Petersdorf ==Meelaha la xiiseeyo== * Beerta matxafka „Am Pallert“ oo ay ku jiraan: ** Heimathaus (guriga dhaqanka) ** Landmaschinenmuseum (Matxafka mishiinnada beeraha) ** Brotbackhaus (bakteeriyada dhaqameed) ** Bauerngarten in der Parkanlage (beerta miyiga ee dhaqameed ee ku dhex taal beerta) ==Dhaqaalaha iyo Kaabayaasha== Bösel waa xubin ka tirsan „Zweckverband Interkommunaler Industriepark [[Küstenkanal]]“ waxayna ka qayb qaadataa aagga warshadaha [[c-Port]]. ==Dhacdooyinka== * Schuetzenfest * Euro-Musiktage ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Greta Bösel]] (1908–1947), waardiyihii xeryaha fiidmeerta Jarmalka ee lagu toogtay dambiyada dagaalka ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.boesel.de Bogga rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}}, * [[:de:Bösel|Wikipediyada Jarmalka]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bosel}} 5h70vwgcidn15xzmzdbi3kk9pz4h602 0 50077 304026 2026-08-04T14:03:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bötersen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|08|N|09|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bötersen in ROW.svg |state = |district = Rotenburg (Wümme) |Samtgemeinde = Sottrum |elevation = 34 |area = 19.93 |postal_code = 27367 |area_code = 04268 |licence = ROW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 57 005 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.boetersen.de/ www.boetersen.de] |mayor = Manfred Wernecke |party = CDU }} '''Bötersen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbøːtɐzn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rotenburg (district)|Rotenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Jarmalka]]. Bötersen waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Prince-Bishopric of Verden]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sanadkii 1648 Amiir-Bishobiyiintii waxaa loo beddelay [[Principality of Verden]], taas oo markii ugu horreysay ay xukumaysay midow shaqsiyeed [[personal union]] oo ay la leedahay Boqortooyada Iswiidhan - oo ay joojisay qabsashadii Danmark (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] Crown. Sanadkii 1807 ku meel gaarka ahaa [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] ayaa ku biiriyay Amiir-tinnimada, ka hor inta uusan [[First French Empire|Faransiisku]] qabsan 1810. Sanadkii 1813 Amiir-tinnimadii waxaa lagu celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], kaas oo - ka dib kor u qaadistii [[Kingdom of Hanover]] ee 1814 - ku daray amiir-tinnimada midow dhab ah [[real union]] oo dhulkii amiirka, oo uu ku jiro Bötersen, uu noqday qayb ka mid ah cusub [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]], oo la aasaasay 1823. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Botersen}} 0jfop3qjcqx991tl5fuyoez811zmlp8 0 50078 304027 2026-08-04T14:05:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Bothkampersee-1996-3.1.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Bothkamp Manor |image_flag = Flagge Bothkamp.png |image_coa = DEU Bothkamp COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|12|N|10|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bothkamp in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Preetz-Land |elevation = 28 |area = 13.80 |postal_code = 24250 |area_code = 04302 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 011 |website = [http://www.amtpreetzland.de/ www.amtpreetzland.de] |mayor = Klaus Jensen |party = }} '''Bothkamp''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Plön (district)|Plön]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pfnh0qt71pdatl7dsx3bzt7jqjleuy9 0 50079 304028 2026-08-04T14:06:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Böttingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|06|02|N|08|48|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Böttingen in TUT.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Tuttlingen |elevation = 915 |area = 16.31 |postal_code = 78583 |area_code = 07429 |licence = TUT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 27 006 |website = [https://www.boettingen.de/ www.boettingen.de] |mayor = Benedikt Buggle<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-boettingen-2024/ Bürgermeisterwahl Böttingen 2024], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;32 |party = CDU }} '''Böttingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Tuttlingen (district)|Tuttlingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee ku taal [[Jarmalka]]. Tobanaankii sano ee la soo dhaafay waxay ka korortay tuulo beeraley ah ilaa bulsho warshadeed oo horumarsan. ==Juqraafiga== Böttingen waxay fadhidaa madal ku taal koonfur-galbeed [[Swabian Jura]] oo ku taal dooxa qalalan ee dheer. Joogga 911 ilaa 991 mitir waxay ahayd tuuladii ugu sarraysay taariikhda [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Boqortooyada Württemberg]]. Degmada waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Gosheim]] xagga waqooyi, [[Bubsheim]] xagga waqooyi-bari, [[Königsheim]] xagga bari, [[Mahlstetten]] iyo [[Dürbheim]] xagga koonfureed, iyo [[Balgheim]] iyo [[Denkingen]] dhanka Galbeed. Degmada Böttingen waxay ka kooban tahay tuulada Böttingen iyo guriga Gehöft Allenspacher, iyo sidoo kale [[abandoned village|tuuladii la dayacay]] Leineburg iyo Windingen. ==Taariikhda== Xusashadii ugu horreysay ee qoran ee Böttingen waxay ahayd 802 waxana ku jirtay deeq dhul ah oo ay bixisay [[Abbey of Saint Gall|Abbey of Saint Gall]]. [[Celts|Celtic]] iyo [[Alemanni]] qabriga laga helay iyo sidoo kale faasas dhagax ah oo ku jira god ayaa muujinaya [[Stone Age|Da'dii Dhagaxa]] hore ee degniinta. Kadib 1253 dhulku wuxuu bixiyay cashuur wuxuuna helay ilaalin ka timid [[Beuron Archabbey]], ka dib isbeddel milkiyadeed [[Prince-Bishopric of Constance|Bishobiyiintii Constance]], iyo ka dib Herren von Enzberg, ilaa ay ka noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Württemberg]] 1805. Waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Oberamt (Württemberg)|Oberamt]] Spaichingen oo ka tirsan [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Boqortooyada Württemberg]]. Tuuladu waxay ahayd inay bixiso ribo iyo tobanmeleey iyo sidoo kale [[socage]] ilaa 1848. Kulanka Überbündische (oo loo soo gaabiyay "ÜT") ayaa ka dhacay 1977 iyo 2017 barxadda Allenspach ee dhalinyarada kaniisadda Protestant-ka, Jungenschaft Horte. Wadarta guud ee 3.400 qof ayaa ka qayb qaatay ugu yaraan 45 bulshooyin iyo hay'ado kala duwan oo ah skaawato iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dhalinyarada.<ref>[http://uet2017.de/geschichten-vom-%C3%BCt-77 ÜT meeting 1977 Böttingen]</ref><ref>[http://uet2017.de/ ÜT meeting 2017 Böttingen]</ref> ==Goobaha la arko== *Astaanta buurta [[Alter Berg]] (980 mitir ka sarraysa heerka badda) oo ay ku taal kaniisad madaxa ah waxay leedahay aragti ku saabsan muuqaalka dabiiciga ah ee la ilaaliyo ee koonfur-galbeed [[Swabian Alb]]. Xaaladaha cimilada ku habboon aragtida panorama waxaa ku jira [[Alps]]. Gogol bir ah oo ku taal kaniisadda horta waxay muujinaysaa magacyada qaar badan oo ka mid ah madaxyada ku xeeran. *60&nbsp;km-dheer oo ah shabakadda [[cross-country skiing trail]] ee madal ku taal *Waddooyinka socodka ee la soo dhigay jihooyin badan, qayb ahaan ka tirsan shabakada w gadisaynta [[Donauberglandweg]], oo u horseedaysa t.a. dooxada wabiga quruxda badan ee [[Danube]]. ==Dadka caanka ah== *[[Bernard Häring]], cilmiga ilaahiyaha Katooliga *Margret Marquart, cilmiga ilaahiyaha iyo dhakhtarka misiyanariga ah ee Uganda iyo Ghana (dhintay 2004)<ref>[http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/AudioandVideo/ReducingUnder5MortalityGhanaMargretMarquartCatholicHospital.aspx Marquart]</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bottingen}} 1axhxusiz65c7hxfc52k025za6q1177 0 50080 304029 2026-08-04T14:08:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = Boetzingen 22.650.jpg |image_coa = Wappen Boetzingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|48|4|37|N|7|43|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bötzingen in FR.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald |elevation = 192 |area = 12.99 |postal_code = 79268 |area_code = 07663 |licence = FR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 15 013 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.boetzingen.de/ www.boetzingen.de] |mayor = Dieter Schneckenburger<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 11 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;27 }} '''Bötzingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], Jarmalka. [[File:Bötzingen, die evangelische Kirche in straatzicht foto1 2013-07-24 17.29.jpg|Bötzingen, reformed church in the street|thumb|240px|left]] [[File:Bötzingen, die Sankt Alban Kapelle foto5 2013-07-24 17.09.jpg|Bötzingen, chapel: die Sankt Alban Kapelle|thumb|center|220px]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Botzingen}} fujye2mtzpar88iujr3uoijow8eq47d 0 50081 304030 2026-08-04T14:10:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Brammer COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|12|N|9|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brammer in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Nortorfer Land |elevation = 21 |area = 13.66 |postal_code = 24793 |area_code = 04392 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 027 |website = [https://www.brammer.de/ www.brammer.de] |mayor = Gabriele Mester |party = }} '''Brammer''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁamɐ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fbozc89x3jmgnebsid6nje06jjyfhny 0 50082 304031 2026-08-04T14:11:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Brannenburg COA.svg |image_photo = Brannenburg Schloss-1.jpg |image_caption = Qasriga Brannenburg sanadkii 2007 |coordinates = {{coord|47|44|N|12|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brannenburg in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 509 |area = 33.67 |postal_code = 83098 |area_code = 08034 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 120 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.gemeinde-brannenburg.de/ www.gemeinde-brannenburg.de] |mayor = Matthias Jokisch<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Brannenburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁanənbʊʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee ku taal Jarmalka. Waxaa ku taal [[railway station|saldhig tareen]] oo ku yaal Brannenburg.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bahnhof Brannenburg - Brannenburg, Bayern, Germany - BY|url=https://www.yelp.com/biz/bahnhof-brannenburg-brannenburg|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Yelp|language=en}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{commonscat}} {{Authority control}} daxfagg1zhm9wvzgwta6yjheqtbumvp 0 50083 304032 2026-08-04T14:13:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Brauneberg 2015-I.jpg |image_coa = DEU Brauneberg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|54|30|N|6|59|07|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brauneberg in WIL.svg |state = |district = Bernkastel-Wittlich |Verbandsgemeinde = Bernkastel-Kues |elevation = 124 |area = 12.23 |postal_code = 54472 |area_code = 06534 |licence = WIL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 31 012 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.brauneberg.de/ www.brauneberg.de] |mayor = Werner Ruppenthal<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Brauneberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁaʊnəbɛʁk}}) waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadareed – oo ku taal gobolka [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxaa si weyn loogu yaqaanaa [[wine|khamriga]] iyo kala soocida cimilada. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmada waxay ku taal [[Moselle (river)|Mosel]] agtiisa [[Bernkastel-Kues]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Bernkastel-Kues (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Bernkastel-Kues]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay magaalada magaca la mid ah. === Cimilada === Halkan 11kii Agoosto 1998, heerkulkii ugu sarreeyay ee abid Jarmalka laga cabbiro ayaa la cabbiray, 41.2&nbsp;°C, [[Meteomedia AG|Meteomedia]] [[weather station|saldhigga cimilada]] oo uu leeyahay [[Jörg Kachelmann]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Brauneberg looma sheego inuu yahay meesha ugu sarreysa Jarmalka sababtoo ah saldhigga cimilada kuma jiro cabbiraadaha rasmiga ah iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay goobta uu ku yaal buur slate ah. === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Brauneberg's ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' waa Brauneberg, Filzen iyo Hirzlei. In kasta oo xarunta fog ee Hirzlei ay dhab ahaantii qayb muhiim ah ka tahay Brauneberg, ma jirto waddo toos ah oo ku xiraysa xarunta dhexe. Wakiilka tuulada – ''Ortsvorsteher'' – ee Hirzlei waa Ewald Adam. == Taariikhda == [[File:Dusemont 1838.jpg|thumb|left|Dusemont 1838]] [[File:Brauneberg Mosel.png|thumb|left|Aragtida Brauneberg ee dhinaca kale ee Moselle]] Magaca Brauneberg waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumentiyada taariikhdoodu tahay 588. Magaca hore, Dusemond, waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ka soo jeedo waxa mid ka mid ah [[wine|beerihii khamriga]] halkan loogu yeero [[Ancient Rome|Waqtigii Roomaanka]]: ''dulcis mons'' (Af-Laatiin loogu talagalay "buurta macaan"). 1925, magaca tuulada waxaa loo beddelay Brauneberg. Dusemond waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[County of Veldenz|Degmada hore ee Veldenz]], oo uu ku dhex jiray [[Count Palatine|Count Palatine]] [[Louis II, Duke of Bavaria|Louis II]] oo keenay [[Protestant Reformation|Dhaqanka Protestant]] 1523. Gudaha [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]], Amiir-Archbishop-Elector ee [[Trier]] ayaa la wareegay mulkiyadda tuulada. Kaliya 1648 [[Peace of Westphalia|Nabadgelyadii Westphalia]] ayaa Count of Veldenz dib loogu soo celiyay dhammaan xuquuqdiisii hore, iyadoo kiniisadda tuuladu ay mar labaad noqotay [[Protestantism|Protestant]]. Qabsashadii Degmada Veldenz ee [[France|Faransiiska]] 1680, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladdu mar kale ayay is beddeshay waxaana kacay khilaaf ku saabsan heerka [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] ee dhexda degmada. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo digreeto, Faransiisku waxay dejiyeen xaaladda 21 Diseembar 1684: Shuruudaheeda, meelaha ay ku taal hal kaniisad oo keliya - sida kiiska ka ahaa Dusemond - tan waxaa la siin lahaa in ay isticmaalaan labada diimood. Kaniisadda maxalliga ah waxay noqotay [[Simultaneum|kaniisad isku mid ah]]. Kaliya 1955 ayay tani is beddeshay, markii la go'aamiyay in la kala qaybiyo kaniisadda oo si dhismeed loo kala saaro. Tan iyo markaas, saddex meelood meel ka mid ah kaniisadda waxaa isticmaala [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] kaniisadda iyo labada saddex meelood ee kale Catholics. Tani waxay waafaqsan tahay saamiga kharashka ay bixiso mid kasta oo dhismaha kaniisadda maanta, oo la dhammeeyey 1777. [[File:Brauneberg Juffer.png|thumb|Beeraha khamriga ee Juffer]] Kaniisadda lafteeda waxaa la dhisay int u dhaxaysa 1775 iyo 1777 qorshayaasha Palatine court master builder [[Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti]]. [[Onion dome|Munaaradda qubadda basasha]] waa munaaradda keliya ee noocaas ah ee ku taal gobolka Moselle oo dhan. In kasta oo kaniisadda la kala qaybiyay, haddana waxay hoos tagtaa labada diimood mulkiyadooda wadaagga ah. Degmada maanta ee Brauneberg waxay timid 7 Juun 1969 iyada oo la midoobay degmooyinka Brauneberg iyo Filzen. == Siyaasadda == Golaha degmada wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[proportional representation|matalaad u dhiganta]] doorashadii golaha degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. Lix iyo toban kursi ee golaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa saddex kooxood oo codbixiyayaal ah Licht (6 kursi), Denzer (6 kursi) iyo Hepp (4 kursi).<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2310101200.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> == Beeraha khamriga == Marka laga reebo [[tourism|dalxiiska]], [[winegrowing|beeraha khamriga]] waa laanta ugu muhiimsan ee warshadaha. Beerihii waxaa laga shaqeeyaa inta badan beero jiirro leh oo cabbirkoodu yahay 323&nbsp;ha. Sida caadiga ah, waa [[Riesling]] in la koriyo, inkasta oo qayb ka mid ah beeraha khamriga ee siman iyo kuwa jiirada leh tiro yar oo [[Müller-Thurgau]], [[Kerner (grape)|Kerner]] iyo [[Dornfelder]] la koriyo. Beeraha khamriga ee Brauneberg waxay ka tirsan yihiin magaca samaynta khamriga – ''Großlage'' – ee Kurfürstlay, waxaana sii loo ururiyay meelahan: * Mandelgraben Canabka ku yaal Mandelgraben wuxuu daboolayaa aag dhan 175&nbsp;ha. Magacu wuxuu tilmaamayaa geedaha [[almond|ulayda]] (''Mandel'' macnaheedu waa “ulayda” oo ku taal [[German language|Jarmal]]) ee halkaan ka baxay mar. * Klostergarten Klostergarten oo leh 95&nbsp;ha waa beerta labaad ee ugu weyn Brauneberg. Magacu wuxuu ka yimid beerta (''Garten'') ee ku taal [[Franciscan]] kaniisadda (''Kloster'') ee xarunta fog ee Filzen. * Juffer iyo Juffer Sonnenuhr Jiirada u jeedda Brauneberg waxaa loogu yeeraa ''Juffer'' (Moselle Franconian loogu talagalay Jarmalka caadiga ah ''Jungfer'' ama ''Jungfrau'' – gabadh ama bikrad). Goobtan dhexdeeda, aagga ku xeeran qorraxda (''Sonnenuhr'') waxaa loo arkaa qaybta ugu doorashada badan ee beerta khamriga waxaana la siiyaa magaca ''Juffer Sonnenuhr''. * Kammer Beertan yar ee khamriga ah oo ah 0.38&nbsp;ha oo keliya waxay sidoo kale ku taal Juffer hoosteeda dhagax la jeexay. === Taariikhiga ah === 1868, iyada oo hoos imaanaysa hoggaanka Kormeeraha Cadastral ee Boqortooyada, ''Steuerrath'' Clotten, khariidadda beeraha khamriga ee ''Regierungsbezirk'' ee Trier waxaa loo keenay dawladda Boqortooyada ee Trier. Aagga Brauneberg (Dusemond), ee hoos yimaada ''Großlage'' ee Brauneberg, meelaha soo socda ee gaarka ah ayaa lagu calaamadiyay: *Hasenläufer *Kammer *Falkenberg *Juffer *Mötschert *Burgerslay == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * Ulli Bögershausen, muusikiiste solo ah oo caalami ah oo caan ah iyo macallin gitaar * Katja Fehres, Boqoradda Khamriga Moselle, [[Mosel (wine region)|Mosel-Saar-Ruwer]] 2006/2007 * Fabian Ostermann, maamule iyo garsoore caalami ah oo ka tirsan CISM (Confédération Internationale des Sociétés musicales) * Johann Matthias Schreiber (1709–1771), dhisaha xubinta Jarmalka *[[Julius P. Heil]] (1876-1949), Guddoomiyihii 30aad ee Gobolka [[Wisconsin]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Brauneberg}} * [http://www.brauneberg.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} lcnyhl1clhdl31woxb0dmncqvz4hcsl 0 50084 304033 2026-08-04T14:15:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = Braunlage 04.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Braunlage oo buurta Wurmberg gadaal ka xigto |image_coa = Wappen Braunlage.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|43|37|N|10|36|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Braunlage in GS.svg |state = |district = Goslar |elevation = 560 |area = 31.65 |postal_code = 38700 |area_code = 05520 |licence = GS, BRL, CLZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 53 016 |divisions = 3 degmo |website = {{URL|www.braunlage.org}} |mayor = Wolfgang Langer<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = |year = <!-- Year founded (not "year of first recorded mention"), no wikilinking. Give a year, a decade or a century. Places article in "Category: XXXX establishments" --> }} '''Braunlage''' ({{IPA|de|bʁaʊnˈlaːɡə|-|De-Braunlage.ogg}}) waa magaalo iyo [[destination_spa|xarun caafimaad]] oo ku taal gobolka [[Goslar (district)|Goslar]] ee [[Lower Saxony]] ee ku taal [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal gudaha [[Harz]] buuraha, koonfurta [[Brocken]] massif, ganacsiga ugu weyn Braunlage waa dalxiiska, gaar ahaan [[skiing|barafka]]. Meelaha u dhow ee barafka waxaa ka mid ah Sonnenberg iyo jiirada [[Wurmberg (Harz)|Wurmberg]]. == Juqraafiga == Braunlage waxay ku taal [[Warme Bode]], oo ah webiga [[Bode (river)|Bode]], oo u dhow xadka [[Elend, Saxony-Anhalt|Elend]] ee gobolka [[Saxony-Anhalt]]. Aagga degmadu waxay ku fidsan tahay cirifka koonfur-bari ee [[Harz National Park]] laga bilaabo joog ah {{convert|550|m|ft|abbr=on}} ilaa {{convert|971|m|ft|abbr=on}} meesha ugu sarreysa ee Wurmberg. Meelaha kale ee ku dhow waxaa ka mid ah [[Achtermannshöhe]] iyo [[Hahnenklee Crags]]. ===Degmooyinka=== Magaaladu<ref>{{cite web |title=Einwohner der Gemeinden und Ortsteile |url=https://www.landkreis-goslar.de/media/custom/94_5249_1.PDF?1547800424 |website=Landkreis - Goslar |access-date=2019-04-11 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801033121/https://www.landkreis-goslar.de/media/custom/94_5249_1.PDF?1547800424 |url-status=dead }}</ref> waxay ka kooban tahay saddex degmo: * Braunlage oo sax ah * [[Hohegeiß]]*, lagu daray 1 Luulyo 1972 * [[Sankt Andreasberg]]**, lagu daray 1 Nofeembar 2011 <nowiki>*</nowiki> oo wata tuulada Königskrug<br /> <nowiki>**</nowiki> oo wata tuulooyinka [[Sonnenberg (Braunlage)|Sonnenberg]], [[Oderhaus]], [[Oderbrück]], [[Oderberg (Braunlage)|Oderberg]], [[Odertaler Sägemühle]] iyo [[Silberhütte (Braunlage)|Silberhütte]] ===Gaadiidka=== Braunlage waxay ku taal ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' [[Bundesstraße 4|B4]] ee u dhaxaysa [[Braunschweig]] iyo [[Nordhausen, Thuringia|Nordhausen]] iyo [[Bundesstraße 27|B27]] ee ka timid [[Blankenburg am Harz|Blankenburg]] ilaa [[Göttingen]]. Baska maxalliga ah ayaa u socdaeya Braunlage iyo bulshooyinka u dhow ee [[Bad Harzburg]], Sankt Andreasberg, [[Schierke]], [[Wernigerode]], Hohegeiß, [[Bad Sachsa]], Nordhausen, [[Bad Lauterberg]], [[Herzberg am Harz|Herzberg]] iyo [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.braunlage.de/service/urlaubsberatung-fuer-braunlage/nahverkehr.html|title=Öffentlicher Nahverkehr|access-date=4 October 2016}}</ref> Braunlage waxaa horay u adeeggi jiray [[South Harz Railway Company]], oo bixisay xiriir lala yeesho [[Harz Narrow Gauge Railways]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Sorge, Saxony-Anhalt|Sorge]], laakiin adeeggu wuu istaagay 1958. ==Cimilada== {{Weather box|width=auto | location = Braunlage, (joogga {{convert|607|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1991−2020 caadiga ah) | metric first = Y | single line = Y |Jan record high C=13.9 |Feb record high C=15.1 |Mar record high C=19.8 |Apr record high C=25.9 |May record high C=28.1 |Jun record high C=30.8 |Jul record high C=32.6 |Aug record high C=32.8 |Sep record high C=30.3 |Oct record high C=24.3 |Nov record high C=18.8 |Dec record high C=14.1 |year record high C= |Jan record low C=-23.9 |Feb record low C=-25.6 |Mar record low C=-18.0 |Apr record low C=-11.0 |May record low C=-4.1 |Jun record low C=-0.6 |Jul record low C=2.7 |Aug record low C=2.6 |Sep record low C=-0.4 |Oct record low C=-8.2 |Nov record low C=-14.0 |Dec record low C=-22.8 |year record low C= |Jan high C = 1.2 |Feb high C = 2.0 |Mar high C = 5.5 |Apr high C = 11.2 |May high C = 15.0 |Jun high C = 18.2 |Jul high C = 20.5 |Aug high C = 20.2 |Sep high C = 15.5 |Oct high C = 10.4 |Nov high C = 5.4 |Dec high C = 2.0 | year high C = 10.6 |Jan mean C = -1.2 |Feb mean C = -0.8 |Mar mean C = 1.9 |Apr mean C = 6.3 |May mean C = 10.4 |Jun mean C = 13.5 |Jul mean C = 15.7 |Aug mean C = 15.3 |Sep mean C = 11.3 |Oct mean C = 7.0 |Nov mean C = 2.8 |Dec mean C = -0.3 |year mean C = 6.8 |Jan low C = -3.5 |Feb low C = -3.5 |Mar low C = -1.4 |Apr low C = 2.0 |May low C = 5.8 |Jun low C = 8.9 |Jul low C = 11.1 |Aug low C = 10.9 |Sep low C = 7.6 |Oct low C = 4.0 |Nov low C = 0.5 |Dec low C = -2.4 | year low C = 3.3 | precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 158.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 104.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 114.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 65.5 |May precipitation mm = 88.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 84.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 105.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 94.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 104.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 123.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 123.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 155.9 | year precipitation mm =1303.4 | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 19.6 |Feb precipitation days = 18.2 |Mar precipitation days = 18.3 |Apr precipitation days = 13.8 |May precipitation days = 15.4 |Jun precipitation days = 15.5 |Jul precipitation days = 16.9 |Aug precipitation days = 15.5 |Sep precipitation days = 15.3 |Oct precipitation days = 17.8 |Nov precipitation days = 19.5 |Dec precipitation days = 21.6 |year precipitation days = 205.2 |Jan sun = 48.0 |Feb sun = 66.5 |Mar sun = 113.6 |Apr sun = 162.8 |May sun = 187.3 |Jun sun = 190.7 |Jul sun = 197.7 |Aug sun = 185.3 |Sep sun = 131.1 |Oct sun = 94.8 |Nov sun = 46.8 |Dec sun = 38.3 |year sun = 1447.8 |Jan humidity = 90.0 |Feb humidity = 86.0 |Mar humidity = 82.4 |Apr humidity = 74.8 |May humidity = 74.1 |Jun humidity = 75.3 |Jul humidity = 75.0 |Aug humidity = 76.1 |Sep humidity = 82.2 |Oct humidity = 87.6 |Nov humidity = 90.8 |Dec humidity = 91.2 | year humidity =82.3 | source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230916124530/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Braunlage_10452.csv | archive-date = 16 September 2023 | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Braunlage_10452.csv | title = Braunlage Climate Normals 1991–2020 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 16 September 2023}}</ref> |source 2 = [http://wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=de&stat=10452] }} == Taariikhda == [[File:Eisenhütte Braunlage 1654.jpg|thumb|Braunlage ironworks, 1654 engraving by [[Matthäus Merian]]]] Markii ugu horreysay waxaa lagu xusay ''Brunla'' 1227, magaaladu waxay ka bilaabatay degsiimo god ah oo ku taal kaymaha Harz. Waxay ka muuqatay ''Brunenlo'' diiwaanka 1253 ee [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxon]] tirada [[County of Regenstein|Regenstein]] waxaana la soo nooleeyay markii bedelkoodii, [[County of Blankenburg|Counts of Blankenburg]], ay ka Aasaaseen [[ironworks|warshad bir ah]] halkan 1561. Burburkii qoyska Blankenburg 1599 Braunlage waxay ku dhacday [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]. Qarnigii 17aad waxay ahayd [[market town|magaalo suuq]] yar oo Brunswick ah oo ku taal geeska galbeed ee dhulkii hore ee Blankenburg. Dalxiiska ayaa horumaray laga bilaabo dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay iyo laamo kale oo ganacsi waxay ahaayeen kaynta iyo [[granite|dhagax adag]] weyn oo ku yaal Wurmberg. Agagaarka 1910 mid ka mid ah basaska isku xira ee ugu horreeyay ayaa ka socday Bad Harzburg ilaa Braunlage, oo ay u adeegayeen [[Büssing]] baabuur. Wurmberg Ski Jumps waxaa la dhisay 1922 (la dumiyay 2014). 1934 Braunlage waxay heshay [[town privileges|xuquuqda magaalada]] iyo xaaladda degmada oo ah xarun caafimaad. Ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] Braunlage waxay u dhowdahay la xoojiyay [[inner German border]] oo dhex maraya buuraha Harz. 1963 waxay noqotay goobta [[Wurmberg Gondola Lift]], maanta oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|2.8|km|mi}} iyo faraqa dhererka {{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}} ilaa saldhigga kulanka ugu dheer [[Northern Germany]]. 7 Maajo 1964 [[Gerhard Zucker]] wuxuu muujiyay duulimaad [[Rocket mail|gantaalada boostada]] oo ku yaal [[Hasselkopf]] buurta. Mid ka mid ah ayaa qarxay, taasoo dishay laba daawadayaal ah. Tan iyo markii [[German reunification|midoobistii Jarmalka]] 1990 Braunlage waxay mar kale ku jirtay bartamaha gobolka dalxiiska Harz laakiin waxay la tacaalaysay tartanka sii kordhaya ee ka yimid goobaha dalxiiska ee u dhow ee Saxony-Anhalt. === Dadweynaha === [[File:Population Statistics Braunlage.svg|thumb|Tirakoobka dadweynaha]] {| | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sannadka ! Dadweynaha |- | 1821 | style="text-align:right;" | 1,691 |- | 1848 | style="text-align:right;" | 2,473 |- | 1871 | style="text-align:right;" | 2,288 |- | 1885 | style="text-align:right;" | 2,489 |- | 1905 | style="text-align:right;" | 3,408 |- | 1925 | style="text-align:right;" | 4,520 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sannadka ! Dadweynaha |- | 1933 | style="text-align:right;" | 4,893 |- | 1939 | style="text-align:right;" | 4,981 |- | 1946 | style="text-align:right;" | 9,489 |- | 1950 | style="text-align:right;" | 9,334 |- | 1956 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,523 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sannadka ! Dadweynaha |- | 1961 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,163 |- | 1968 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,716 |- | 1970 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,249 |- | 1975 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,266 |- | 1980 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,140 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sannadka ! Dadweynaha |- | 1985 | style="text-align:right;" | 6,776 |- | 1990 | style="text-align:right;" | 6,148 |- | 1995 | style="text-align:right;" | 5,998 |- | 2000 | style="text-align:right;" | 5,476 |- | 2005 | style="text-align:right;" | 5,142 |} |} == Siyaasadda == [[Image:Wurmberg Braunlage 2 1900.jpg|thumb|Wurmberg agagaarka 1900]] === Golaha magaalada === Kursiyada golaha magaalada (''Stadtrat'') laga bilaabo doorashadii deegaanka ee 2016: * [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU): 7 * ''Bürgerliste'' ([[Independent (politician)|madaxbannaan]]): 5 * [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD): 4 == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la arko == Matxafka taariikhda maxalliga ah wuxuu daboolayaa dhaqanka Braunlage ee ah xarun caafimaad iyo goob rasmi ah oo ka tirsan [[International Ski Federation]] (FIS). Magaalada waxaa ku jira beero caafimaad oo ballaaran === Ciyaaraha === Kooxda hockey-ga biskoodka maxalliga ah ''Harzer Wölfe'' waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka tirsan dhaqanka hockey-ga biskoodka waqooyiga Jarmalka. Waxaa jiray dhowr boodboodo baraf ah oo ku yaal Wurmberg, kuwaas oo martigeliyay tartamo caalami ah sida [[FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup]] ilaa 2011. Int u dhaxaysa 2009 iyo 2012 [[Braunlage Nude Sledging World Championship]]s ayaa la qabtay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nackt-Rodel-Aus in Braunlage |url=https://www.bild.de/regional/hannover/nacktrodelaus-in-braunlage-27331394.bild.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=bild.de |date=23 November 2012 |language=de}}</ref> === Goobaha la arko === [[Silberteich]] iyo ''[[Hahnenkleeklippen]]'' ee ku wajahan Sankt Andreasberg waa goobaha dalxiiska ee caanka ah{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}. [[Dicke Tannen]] waa [[protected landscape|muuqaal ilaashan]] oo ah geedo spruce ah oo waaweyn oo u dhow Hohegeiß. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Braunlage}} {{portal|Harz}} * {{wikivoyage inline|Braunlage}} * [https://en.harzinfo.de/destinations/destinations-from-a-to-z/braunlage Braunlage Tourism] {{Authority control}} fr3kzze0dheg177cfabegxynowjhbef 0 50085 304034 2026-08-04T14:17:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = Unsere Liebe Frau vom Berge Kamel.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda |image_coa = DEU Bräunlingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|55|47|N|08|26|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bräunlingen in VS.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis |elevation = 693 |area = 62.14 |postal_code = 78199 |area_code = 0771, 07707, 07705 |licence = VS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 26 006 |divisions = 5 Stadtteile |website = [https://www.braeunlingen.de/ www.braeunlingen.de] |mayor = Micha Bächle<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;25 |party = independent }} '''Bräunlingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁɔʏnlɪŋən|-|De-Bräunlingen.ogg}}; [[Low Alemannic German|Low Alemannic]]: ''Briilinge'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|magaalo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Schwarzwald-Baar]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Breg (river)|Breg]], 4&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Donaueschingen]]. == Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada == * Johann Baptist Weber (1756–1826), dhisaha guud ee [[Classicism]] hore ee koonfur-galbeed Jarmalka * [[Hermann Ohlicher]] (dhashay 1949), ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ([[VfB Stuttgart]]). ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Bräunlingen}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Braunlingen}} c4zoke6k0rhe482ordrmfmtuejwmjnl 0 50086 304035 2026-08-04T14:19:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Braunsbedra.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|17|N|11|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Braunsbedra in SK.svg |state = |district = Saalekreis |elevation = 104 |area = 74.32 |postal_code = 06242 |area_code = 034633 |licence = SK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 88 065 |divisions = 13 |website = [http://www.braunsbedra.de/ www.braunsbedra.de] |mayor = Steffen Schmitz<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Braunsbedra''' ({{IPA|de|bʁaʊnsˈbeːdʁaː|-|De-Braunsbedra.ogg}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|magaalo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Saalekreis]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt|Sachsen-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 11&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Merseburg]]. Waxaa la abuuray 1945 ka dib markii ay midoobeen Braunsdorf iyo Bedra. Magaalada Braunsbedra waxay ka kooban tahay Braunsbedra sax ah iyo afar ''Ortschaften'' (qaybaha degmada): Frankleben, Großkayna, Krumpa iyo Roßbach.<ref name=Hauptsatzung>[https://www.braunsbedra.de/de/datei/download/id/6650,1243/hauptsatzung0.pdf Hauptsatzung der Stadt Braunsbedra], December 2014.</ref> Roßbach, oo caan ku ah [[Battle of Rossbach|Dagaalkii Rossbach]], waa mid ka mid ah bulshooyinka deegaanka; qaab-dhismeedka dhulku aad bay isu beddeshay dagaalka ka dib sababtoo ah qodista dhuxusha brown iyo ka dib daadinta miinooyinka la dayacay si loo abuuro dhismaha Harada [[Geisel valley]].<ref>[http://www.lmbv.de/files/LMBV/Publikationen/Publikationen%20Mitteldeutschland/Wandlungen%20und%20Perspektiven%20MD/doku%2003_Geiseltal.pdf Geiseltal], Lausitzer und Mitteldeutsche Bergbau-Verwaltungsgesellschaft, p. 10.</ref> [[Image:Bedra-Sammlung Duncker (5355151).jpg|thumb|Qasriga Bedra, agagaarka 1860, Daabacaadda waxaa leh [[Alexander Duncker]]]] == Dadka == * [[Otto von Helldorff]] (1833-1908), siyaasiga Jarmalka iyo mulkiilaha dhulka ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nowft4554ttfl1hb3k1cqbccjti8rx9 0 50087 304036 2026-08-04T14:21:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Braunshorn COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|5|32|N|7|31|07|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Braunshorn in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Kastellaun | elevation = 475 | area = 6.98 | postal_code = 56288 | area_code = 06746 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 018 | website = {{URL|http://www.braunshorn.de/}} | mayor = Markus Becker<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Braunshorn''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadareed – oo ku taal gobolka [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kastellaun (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kastellaun]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Kastellaun|magaalada magaca la mid ah]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Degmada waxay ku taal [[Hunsrück]] qiyaastii 18&nbsp;km galbeed ee [[Oberwesel]] iyo hal kiiloomitir bari ka xigta [[Gödenroth]]. ===Bulshooyinka ka kooban=== Magaca degmada waxaa leh tuulada Braunshorn, oo ah mid ka mid ah saddexda ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' ee degmada. Labada kale waa Dudenroth iyo Ebschied. ==Taariikhda== Aasaasayaasha Braunshorn iyo Dudenroth waxay ahaayeen Rabbiyadii Braunshorn, qiyaastii 1090, mid ka mid ah kuraastoodii boqortooyada ayaa ahayd [[motte-and-bailey|qasriga]] Dudenroth, kaas oo loo arki karo dhismaha ugu da'da weyn ee difaaca Hunsrück. Runtii, labada meeloodba, haraadiga [[Middle Ages|qarniyadii dhexe]] ee qasriyada waa la heli karaa. 1098 waxaa yimid xusashadii ugu horreysay ee dokumentiga ah ee Castle Dudenroth; waqtigan waxay ka tirsanayd Gandolf von Braunshorn. Kaniisaddii ugu horreysay waxaa lagu xusay waqtigii Heinrich von Braunshorn, 1175. 1268, qoyskii boqortooyada waxay u raseen kursigoodii [[Beilstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Beilstein]]. Bilowga Ebschied, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax yar bay ka duwanayd. Asal ahaan waxay ka tirsanayd Counts of Kessel ee ku taal [[Meuse]]. 1295, waxay lahayd xusashadii ugu horreysay ee dokumentiga ah markii dhaxlatayaasha degmada ay isku khilaafeen midba the other. Sannadkan dhexdiisa, Walram, Provost ee ku taal [[Münster]], wuxuu ka iibiyay tuuladiisa, Ebschied, Count Palatine. 1352, Count Walram ee [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] wuxuu dalbaday xuquuqda comte ee Ebschied, laakiin sababtoo ah ma uusan raacin go'aanka garsooraha ee arrinta, Ebschied waxaa la boobay iyadoo lagu hanjabay in la gubo. 1363, markii Guriga Braunshorn uusan lahayn dhaxlatayaal lab ah oo dambe, Braunshorn waxay guur ku martay Lords of Winneburg-Beilstein. Qarnigii 17aad, Braunshorn iyo Dudenroth labaduba waxay ku jireen dhulka uu maamulayay “Maxkamadda Saddexda-Rabbiga”, taas oo xarunteedu ahayd ''Beltem'' ([[Beltheim]]). Hantida dhulka ee aaggan waxaa loo qaybiyay saddex guri: Counts Palatine ee Simmern, Guriga Boos von Waldeck iyo Counts of Braunshorn. Ka hor [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]], waxaa jiray saddex meelood oo dab ah (tani waxay akhrisa “reeraha”) tuulada Braunshorn, sida laga soo xigtay diiwaanka. Laga soo bilaabo 1637 ilaa 1794, tuulada Braunshorn waxaa fief ku haystay Barons of Metternich. 1599, Ebschied waxaa lagu duubay in ay leedahay 11 “beero”, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ka tirsanaa [[Electoral Palatinate]]. 1784, [[chapel|kaniisadda yar]] ee [[Erasmus of Formiae|Saint Erasmus]] ee sharafta Ebschied dib ayaa loo dhisay. 1798, Braunshorn iyo Dudenroth waxay isku arkeen [[France|Faransiiska]] ''Mairie'' (“Maayer”) ee Gödenroth, lafteedu ku taal [[Cantons of France|Canton]] ee Castellaun dhexdeeda Arrondissement ee Simmern, taas oo ku taal Waaxda [[Rhin-et-Moselle]]. 1804, Faransiiska ''[[Napoleonic Code|Code civil des Français]]'' ayaa la soo bandhigay. Habeenkii 1 Janaayo 1814, [[Prussia|Prussian]] ciidamada uu hoggaaminayo Marshal [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]] ayaa horay u sii maray [[Rhine]] barafaysan agtiisa [[Kaub]], iyaga oo ka xoreeyay dhulka bangiga bidix ee Rhine xukunka Faransiiska; waxay si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqeen dhul Prussian ah 1 June 1815. Tani sidoo kale waxaa ka dhigay mid rasmi ah [[Congress of Vienna|Kوونjiisii Vienna]]. Tuulooyinka ku yaal Hunsrück oo dhan, gorgorka Prussian ayaa la taagay. Braunshorn iyo Dudenroth waxay hadda ku jireen ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Maayerka”) ee Pfalzfeld ee degmada St. Goar. Int u dhaxaysa 1830 iyo 1833, kaniisaddii hore ee Braunshorn waa la dumiyay oo qalabkii waa la iibiyay. Dhanka kale, kaniisadda weli taagan maanta waa la dhisay. Dhulka ku yaal bangiga bidix ee Rhine, oo sidaas darteed Hunsrück, sidoo kale, waxaa la dayacay qarnigii 19aad oo ah aag xadka ah, taas oo ka muuqatay la'aanta ganacsiga iyo warshadaha. Marka laga reebo wadada gobolka ee ka timid [[Boppard]] ilaa [[Simmern]], waxaa jiray kaliya waddooyin si liidata loo horumariyay oo ku xiraya tuulooyinka gaarka ah midba midka kale. Nolol maalmeedka dadka deegaanka ayaa ku jiray beeraha. Tani ma aysan ku filnayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si loo xaqiijiyo dakhli qoys oo wanaagsan oo keligood ah, waayo hawlgallada beeraha waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u yar, ciiduhuna waxay ahaayeen kuwo dhexdhexaad ah ilaa kuwo liita tayada. Bilaha jiilaalka, waxaa jiray dakhli dheeri ah oo ka yimid shaqada [[municipal forest|kaymaha degmada]]. Tani weli run ahaantii kuma filnayn in ay siiso jiilalka da'da yar saldhig nolol ku filan. Sidaa darteed, dad badan oo dhalinyaro ah ayaa aaday aagga [[Cologne]] ama [[Düsseldorf]], mararka qaarkoodna [[Ruhr area|aagga Ruhr]], si ay u raadiyaan shaqo. Dad badan oo kale, gaar ahaan haweenka, waxay isku dayeen inay naftooda ka helaan lacag badan iyagoo ka tagaya magaalada ilaa magaalada [[Rhineland]] iyagoo iibinaya Hunsrück [[wool|suuf]] iyo alaabada ka timid warshadaha yar yar ee tolida ee soo baxay dhanka kale. Waqtiga [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]], horumarinta wadada ayaa ugu dambeyntii timid markii ''Hunsrückhöhenstraße'' (“Wadada Joogga Hunsrück”, waddo muuqaal ah oo soo marta Hunsrück oo asal ahaan loo dhisay waddo milatari oo ku taal [[Hermann Göring]] amaradiisa) la dhisay 1938, taas oo bixineysa xiriir wadadan muhiimka ah ee u dhaxaysa [[Koblenz]] iyo [[Saarbrücken]]. Ka dib [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Braunshorn waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Allied-occupied Germany|aagga Faransiiska ee shaqada]] ilaa 1947, taas oo laga soo bilaabo waqtigaas ay ka mid ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] cusub ee la abuuray ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Intii ay socotay dib-u-habeynta maamulka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], degmooyinka Braunshorn, Dudenroth iyo Ebschied ee iskood isu maamulayay ilaa hadda waxay ahaayeen 17 Maarso 1974 oo lagu daray hal degmo, oo lagu magacaabo Braunshorn.<ref>[http://www.braunshorn.de/land_u_leute/geschichte.php Taariikhda degmada]</ref><ref>[http://www.braunshorn.de/land_u_leute/geschichte_braunshorn.php Taariikhda Braunshorn]</ref><ref>[http://www.braunshorn.de/land_u_leute/geschichte_dudenroth.php Taariikhda Dudenroth]</ref><ref name="braunshorn">[http://www.braunshorn.de/land_u_leute/geschichte_ebschied.php Taariikhda Ebschied]</ref> ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha degmada=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. ===Duqa magaalada=== Duqa Braunshorn waa Markus Becker.<ref name=mayor/> ===Jaakadda hubka=== Degmada [[Coat of arms|hubkeeda]] waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa sidan: Gules saddex geesood oo bugle ah oo aan xadhig lahayn argent. ==Dhaqanka iyo booqashada== ===Dhismaha=== Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal liiska ku jira ama goobaha [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] tusaha Kumannada Dhaqanka: ====Braunshorn (xarunta ugu weyn)==== * [[Mark the Evangelist|Saint Mark]] [[Catholic Church|Kaniisadda Katooliga]] (''Kirche St. Markus''), Kirchweg 5 – saddex-naved quarrystone [[hall church|kaniisadda hoolka]], 1830–1833, naqshadeeye Ferdinand Nebel, Koblenz; dhismaha oo dhan oo leh xabaalo * Zur Alten Burg, qalcadda motte-and-bailey (aagga taallo) – motte wareeg ah oo aan la taariikhaysnayn oo leh darbi ku xeeran ====Dudenroth==== * Birkenstraße – [[Saint Sebastian]] [[Chapel|Kaniisadda]] (''St.-Sebastian-Kapelle''); kaniisad afar geesood ah, 1950s; bamka gacanta, [[Rheinböllen]] Warshadda Birta, qarnigii 19aad dhammaadkiisa ====Ebschied==== * Hauptstraße – [[Erasmus of Formiae|Saint Erasmus]] Kaniisad (''St.-Erasmus-Kapelle''); [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn waddo]]<ref name="gdke-rlp">[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Tusaha Kumannada Dhaqanka ee Rhein-Hunsrück degmada]</ref> <gallery> File:Burg Braunshorn aus Suedwesten.jpg|Zur Alten Burg aagga taallada File:Braunshorn07.jpg|Kirchweg 5: Saint Mark Kaniisadda Katooliga File:Dudenroth02.jpg|Birkenstraße: Saint Sebastian Kaniisadda File:Ebschied01.jpg|Ebschied </gallery> ==Akhris dheeraad ah== * Elmar Rettinger: Maqaalka ''Braunshorn''; in: ''Historisches Ortslexikon Rheinland Pfalz. Band 2. Ehemaliger Kreis St. Goar''; weli lama daabicin; online at: [http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=6238 eeg PDF hoos “Braunshorn”] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Braunshorn}} * [http://www.braunshorn.de Bogga rasmiga ah ee Degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 5mzol909borejzlekncrcek4zfxt0ua 0 50088 304037 2026-08-04T14:23:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa =Wappen Breddenberg.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|57|N|07|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breddenberg in EL.svg |state = |district = Emsland |Samtgemeinde = Nordhümmling |elevation = 12 |area = 8.92 |postal_code = 26897 |area_code = 05954 |licence = EL; alt ASD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 54 006 |website = [http://www.Breddenberg.de www.Breddenberg.de] |mayor = Hermann Hahnekamp |party = CDU }} '''Breddenberg''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Emsland]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hdnoefymk88nfkf8vnbd7utj8rzo3or 0 50089 304038 2026-08-04T14:24:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo =Breddin church 2016 SW.jpg |image_caption =Kaniisadda tuulada |image_coa = Wappen Breddin.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|52|59|N|12|13|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breddin in OPR.png |state = |district = Ostprignitz-Ruppin |Amt = Neustadt (Dosse) |elevation = 44 |area = 44.74 |postal_code = 16845 |area_code = 033972 |licence = OPR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 68 052 |website = |mayor = Hanno Nebelin<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12068000 Landkreis Ostprignitz-Ruppin Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Breddin''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ostprignitz-Ruppin]], ee [[Brandenburg]], Jarmalka. ==Taariikhda== Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1945, Breddin waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg|Gobolka Brandenburg]]. Laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Bezirk Potsdam]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]]. ==Dadweynaha== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Breddin.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 iyada oo ku dhex jirta xuduudaha hadda jira (Kadka buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Kadka dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarinta dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawliga ah: Waqtigii xukunka Nazi; Asalka guduudan: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Breddin: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>ee ku dhex jirta xuduudaha hadda jira (2013)<ref>Ilo-wareedyada xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Qiyaasta Dadweynaha Brandenburg ee Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1472 | 1890 | 1422 | 1910 | 1540 | 1925 | 1483 | 1933 | 1585 | 1939 | 1565 | 1946 | 2247 | 1950 | 2095 | 1964 | 1579 | 1971 | 1453 | 1981 | 1312 | 1985 | 1340 | 1989 | 1324 | 1990 | 1292 | 1991 | 1259 | 1992 | 1229 | 1993 | 1234 | 1994 | 1235 | 1995 | 1223 | 1996 | 1191 | 1997 | 1187 | 1998 | 1181 | 1999 | 1142 | 2000 | 1120 | 2001 | 1114 | 2002 | 1086 | 2003 | 1066 | 2004 | 1061 | 2005 | 1045 | 2006 | 1042 | 2007 | 1018 | 2008 | 1004 | 2009 | 971 | 2010 | 934 | 2011 | 911 | 2012 | 903 | 2013 | 888 | 2014 | 893 | 2015 | 908 | 2016 | 886 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} d15xp022pu209mv8m0aq8uyrnnet1ga 0 50090 304039 2026-08-04T14:26:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|17|48|N|09|04|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breddorf in ROW.svg |state = |district = Rotenburg (Wümme) |Samtgemeinde = Tarmstedt |elevation = 18 |area = 36.46 |postal_code = 27412 |area_code = 04285, 04794 |licence = ROW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 57 007 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.breddorf.de/ www.breddorf.de] |mayor = Günther Ringen |party = }} '''Breddorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rotenburg (district)|Rotenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Jarmalka]]. Breddorf waxay ka tirsanayd [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo la aasaasay 1180. 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], taas oo markii ugu horreysay ay xukumaysay [[personal union]] Boqortooyada Iswiidhan - oo ay dhex-dhexaadisay qabsashadii Denmak (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa xukumay [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] Crown. 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] ee gaaban ayaa ku biirisay Duchy, ka hor intaanay [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] ku biirin 1810. 1813 Duchy dib ayaa loo soo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], taas oo - ka dib markii loo cusboonaysiiyay [[Kingdom of Hanover]] 1814 - ay ku dartay Duchy [[real union]] dhexdeeda oo ah dhulkii Duchy, oo ay ku jirto Breddorf, waxay qayb ka noqotay [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]] cusub, oo la aasaasay 1823. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} b5r9q3ty7i6pxqrpoxhydplypuvib9l 0 50091 304040 2026-08-04T14:27:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |image_photo = Bredenfelde-schloss.jpg |image_caption = Qasriga / Guriga Beerta Bredenfelde |coordinates = {{coord|53|36|N|12|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bredenfelde_in_MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Stavenhagen |elevation = 59 |area = 8.58 |postal_code = 17153 |area_code = 039955 |licence = DM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 015 |website = |mayor = Wolfgang Neumann }} '''Bredenfelde''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} 4zuikb72tdwpshl58lrcjv5wcbw26tg 0 50092 304041 2026-08-04T14:29:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Bredstedt<br><small>Bräist / Bredsted</small> |image_photo = St. Nicolai-Kirche zu Bredstedt.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda St. Nicholas ee ku taal Bredstedt |image_flag = Flagge Bredstedt.png |image_coa = DEU Bredstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|37|12|N|8|57|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bredstedt in NF.PNG |state = |district = Nordfriesland |Amt = Mittleres Nordfriesland |elevation = 7 |area = 9.75 |postal_code = 25821 |area_code = 04671 |licence = NF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 54 019 |website = [http://www.bredstedt.de/ www.bredstedt.de] |mayor = Christian Schmidt }} '''Bredstedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁeːtˌʃtɛt|-|De-Bredstedt2.ogg}}; {{langx|nds|Bredstedt}}; {{langx|da|Bredsted}}; {{langx|frr|Bräist}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|magaalo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Nordfriesland]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta [[North Sea|Badda Waqooyi]], qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Husum, Germany|Husum]]. ==Dad caan ah== *[[Christian Albrecht Jensen]] (1792–1870), rinjiye sawir gacmeed oo muujiyey inta badan shakhsiyaadka hormuudka ka ah [[Danish Golden Age|Da'da Dahabiga ah ee Denmark]] *[[Hans Carl Knudtzon]] (1751–1823) u haajiray Norway oo noqday ganacsade, mulkiile markab iyo siyaasi. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hc0nhv9yvut67cyjl3jelnwt8915pzn 0 50093 304042 2026-08-04T14:44:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Breiholz.png |image_coa = DEU Breiholz COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|12|52|N|9|32|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breiholz in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Hohner Harde |elevation = 13 |area = 18.49 |postal_code = 24797 |area_code = 04332 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 029 |website = [http://www.amt-hohner-harde.de/ www.amt-hohner-<br />harde.de] |mayor = Otto Struwe |party = }} '''Breiholz''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} j2n81c05rr9d630aui37g45sm4seiih 0 50094 304043 2026-08-04T14:46:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Breitbrunn |image_coa = Wappen von Breitbrunn.svg |image_photo = Breitbrunn-Pfarrkirche-Matthäus.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Matthew |coordinates = {{coord|50|01|N|10|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breitbrunn in HAS.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Haßberge |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Ebelsbach |elevation = 300 |area = 12.4 |postal_code = 96151 |area_code = 09536 |licence = HAS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 74 118 |divisions = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Frank Ruth<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|https://www.vg-ebelsbach.de/de/breitbrunn/|www.vg-ebelsbach.de}} }} '''Breitbrunn''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁaɪtbʁʊn}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Haßberge (district)|Haßberge]] ee [[Bavaria|Bayern]], [[Jarmalka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html?anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=+20210728/075638&attr=OBJ&val=1624|title=Breitbrunn|publisher=Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online|access-date=2021-07-28}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} krnfj5gxh0eay59zt4s55zvumioytzb 0 50095 304044 2026-08-04T14:47:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo =Breitenburg Schloss Hof.JPG |image_caption = Qasriga Breitenburg |image_coa = DEU Breitenburg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|53|N|9|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breitenburg in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Breitenburg |elevation = 6 |area = 10.49 |postal_code = 25524 |area_code = 04821, 04828 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 017 |website = [http://www.amt-breitenburg.de/ www.amt-<br />breitenburg.de] |mayor = Ingo Köhne |party = }} '''Breitenburg''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Stör]], qiyaastii 4&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Itzehoe]]. Breitenburg waa xarunta ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Breitenburg (Amt)|Breitenburg]]. Breitenburg waxay ka kooban tahay haraaga taariikhiga ah oo badan sida qasriyada iyo dheryaha qadiimiga ah. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} t7unxlkx6glfun2ozbxyhmhr2qbhcnw 0 50096 304045 2026-08-04T14:49:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Breitingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|31|2|N|9|59|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breitingen in UL.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Alb-Donau-Kreis |elevation = 522 |area = 2.89 |postal_code = 89183 |area_code = 07340 |licence = UL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 25 024 |website = [http://www.breitingen-lonetal.de/ www.breitingen-lonetal.de] |mayor = Dieter Mühlberger |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Breitingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁaɪtɪŋən}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Alb-Donau (district)|Alb-Donau]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nyuyffhlt46atg52c8rcps15dcaopme 0 50097 304046 2026-08-04T14:51:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image_coa = DEU Breitnau COA.png | coordinates = {{coord|47|56|21|N|8|4|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Breitnau in FR.svg | state = | region = Freiburg | district = Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald | elevation = 1018 | area = 39.9 | postal_code = 79874 | area_code = 07652 | licence = FR | Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 15 016 | website = {{URL|http://www.breitnau.de/}} | mayor = Markus Kleiser<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-breitnau-2024/ Bürgermeisterwahl Breitnau 2024], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> | leader_term = 2024&ndash;32 | party = }} '''Breitnau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁaɪtnaʊ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]], qiyaastii 30 kiiloomitir u jirta magaalada [[Freiburg im Breisgau]]. Waxay ku taal gudaheyga [[High Black Forest]]. == Juqraafiyada == [[File:Breitnau from the Feldberg.JPG|thumb|left|Breitnau oo laga daawanayo madaxa [[Feldberg (Black Forest)|Feldberg]]]] [[File:Blick auf Hinterzarten.jpg|thumb|left|Aragtida ka sokeysa Hombaryada Hinterzarten ee Dooxada Breitnau iyo dooxada Höllental (bidix)]] Degmada Breitnau aad bay u baahdsan tahay, iyada oo ay ku yaalliin [[farmstead|beero]] badan oo kala firdhisan, qaar ka mid ah aad bay u waaweyn yihiin, badankooduna waxay leeyihiin guryo beereed oo leh [[half-hipped roof|saqafyo kala bar duuban]], oo u gaar ah Kaynta Madow. Xarunta dhabta ah ee tuuladu waa mid aad u yar, laakiin wey korodhay sannadihii u dambeeyay. Buurta ugu sarreysa waa [[Weißtannenhöhe]] ("Dhererka Firta Silfar") oo ah 1,190 mitir oo sarreysa. Waqooyiga tuulada waxaa ka kaca [[Roßberg (Black Forest)|Roßberg]] (1,125 m) iyo qiyaastii 1&nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ee tuulada oo ku taal isla safkaas waa [[Hohwart]] (1,123 m). === Qaybaha degmada === Degmada Breitnau waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka Hinterdorf, Steig (laga soo bilaabo 1935 qayb ka mid ah Breitnau) iyo Vorderdorf, Zinken Beim Löwen, Bisten (qayb ahaan sidoo kale [[Hinterzarten]]), Bruckbach, Eckbach, Einsiedel, Fahrenberg, Freyel, Hintereck, [[Hirschsprung (Schwarzwald)|Hirschsprung]], Höllsteig, Hohlengraben, Jungholz-Föhrwald, Löffeltal, Moos, Oberhöllsteig, Ödenbach, Posthalde, Ravenna(schlucht), Siedelbach (laga soo bilaabo 1860 qayb ka mid ah Breitnau), Tiefen, Winterhalden iyo Wirbstein, beeraha Haberstrohhof, Holzhof, Kuhnenbach, Schuhmächerlehof iyo Zimmeracker iyo guryaha Bäuerleshütte, [[Birklehof]], Eckerhäusle, Falkenfreyel, Hundsschachen, Jockelhäusle, Jörgenhäusle, Nessellachen iyo Paulyhäusle. Degmada dhexdeeda waxaa ku taal [[Burgstall|harraadkii]] [[Falkenstein Castle (Höllental)|Qasriga Falkenstein]].<ref>''Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. Band IV: Regierungsbezirk Freiburg'' Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1978, {{ISBN|3-17-007174-2}}. pp. 101–103</ref> ==Taariikhda== Breitnau waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1275 iyadoo ah ''Breittnowe'' laakiin waxay u badan tahay inay ka da' weyn tahay maadaama kaniisaddii ugu horreysay la dhisay abaaar 1200 iyo [[St. Oswald's Chapel (Höllental)|Kaniisadda St. Oswald]] la daahiriyay horraantii 1148. Waqtigaas dhulka waxaa la lahaa [[House of Falkenstein|ragga hantida leh ee Falkenstein]] laakiin waxaa la iibiyay 1408 oo la siiyay [[House of Schnewlin|qoyska Schnewlins ee Landeck]]. Horraantii qarnigii 16aad dhulku wuxuu aaday dhanka [[House of Sickingen|qoyska Sickingen]]. [[File:Marie Antoinette im Höllental 8239.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.75|Sawirka ku yaal Hofgut Sternen: Joogitaankii Marie Antoinette sanadkii 1770]] Sanadkii 1688 Margrave [[Louis William of Baden]] wuxuu dhisay ''[[schanzen]]'' oo loogu talagalay in lagu hor istaago duulaan kasta oo Faransiisku soo qaado. Laakiin difaacyada waxaa loo dhisay si aan micne lahayn sababtoo ah Faransiisku wuxuu weeraray tuulada laba sano ka dib wuxuuna burburiyay guriga wadaadka iyo dhowr beero.<ref>{{citation |surname1=Andreas Haasis-Berner |surname2=Johannes Lauber |surname3=Ute Seidel |surname4=Regierungspräsidium Freiburg Referat26 – Denkmalpflege |periodical=Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg |title=Barocke Schanzen im Schwarzwald. Die Verteidigungsanlagen auf den Schwarzwaldhöhen. Zwischen Höllental und Tal der Wilden Gutach |pages=29 |date=January 2010 |language=German |url=http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/fileadmin/media/publikationen_und_service/nachrichtenblaetter/2010-01.pdf |access-date=2010-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012052351/http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/fileadmin/media/publikationen_und_service/nachrichtenblaetter/2010-01.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sanadkii 1755, waddada liidata ee dhex marta [[Höllental (Black Forest)|Höllental]] waa la hagaajiyay si loogu suurtageliyo socodka arooska ee Amiirad [[Marie Antoinette]] in ay intii suurtagal ah ku safarto dhulka [[Anterior Austria]] ee ku socda jidkeeda Paris. Sanadkii 1806, ragga reer Sickingen waxay u iibiyeen Breitnau [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] ee dhawaan la dhisay. === Diinta === Waxaa ka jiray kaniisad tuulada ilaa abaaar 1200. Kaniisadda kiniisadda Roomaanka Katooliga ee hadda jirta waxaa loo asteeyay [[St. John the Baptist]] waxayna taariikhdu ku taallaa 1753. Kaniisadda Protestant-ka ee ku dhow waa Kaniisadda Evangelical ee St. James ee ku taal [[Hinterzarten]]. == Siyaasadda == Golaha degmadu wuxuu ka kooban yahay toban xubnood, kuwaas oo dib loogu doortay 25 May 2015 iyada oo 61.7% codadka ah. Liiska A wuxuu helay 42.4% (4 kursi) iyo Liiska B 57.6% (6 kursi). Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 4 dumar ah iyo 6 rag ah. Ilaa 31 Ogosto 2009, guddoomiyuhu wuxuu ahaa Wolfgang Schlachter. 5 Luulyo 2009, Josef Haberstroh ayaa loo doortay guddoomiyaha cusub wuxuuna xafiiska la wareegay 1 Sebtembar 2009. Breitnau iyo deriskeeda koonfureed, [[Hinterzarten]], waxay sameeyaan degmo maamul oo wadajir ah (''Vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'') iyo bulsho dalxiis. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaniisad kastaa waxay leedahay dugsigeeda hoose, Dugsiga Carl Ludwig Magon ee Breitnau iyo Dugsiga [[Georg Thoma]] ee Hinterzarten. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == [[File:Bauernhof bei Breitnau.jpg|thumb|Guriga beerta ee ku yaal cidhifka Breitnau]] Dhaqaalaha Breitnau waxaa inta badan maamula [[forestry industry|warshadaha keymaha]] iyo [[pastoral farming|dhaqashada xoolaha]]. Intaas waxaa dheer, dalxiisku wuxuu ka ciyaaraa door yar oo u dhow [[Bundesstraße 500|waddada weyn ee B 50]]. Xilliga xagaaga, Breitnau wuxuu ku habboon yahay socodka. Haddii cimiladu cadahay, waxaa jira aragtiyo ka dhex muuqda [[Upper Rhine Plain]] iyo [[Vosges]] ka baxsan. In kasta oo dhulku yahay madal sare oo inta badan ah. waxaa jira waddooyin dhaadheer oo u degaya dooxada [[Höllental (Black Forest)|Höllental]] ama dhex marta [[Ravenna Gorge|Dooxada Ravenna]]. Xilliga jiilaalka Breitnau waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[cross country skiing|barafka dushiisa]]; gaar ahaan waxaa jira ''[[loipe]]'', ''Thurnerspur'', iyo xiriir lala leeyahay jidka barafka ee ka yimid [[Schonach im Schwarzwald|Schonach]] ilaa [[Hinterzarten]]. Saddex [[ski lift|kor u qaade barafka]] oo yaryar ayaa loo isticmaalaa barafka hoose ee deegaanka. [[File:Blick vom Piketfelsen nach Breitnau (cropped).jpg|thumb|Aragtida Breitnau ee laga arkay dhagaxyada Piketfelsen xilliga dayrta]] Breitnau waxay ahayd goob [[spa|dawayn]] (''Kurort'') ilaa 1970. === Gaadiidka === [[Black Forest High Road|Waddada Sare ee Kaynta Madow]] ([[Bundesstraße 500|B&nbsp;500]]) waxay martaa Breitnau laga bilaabo waqooyi ilaa koonfur. Laga bilaabo 21 May 1887 [[Höllentalbahn (Black Forest)|Tareenka Höllental]], oo leh Saldhiggiisa [[Hinterzarten]] wuxuu ku xiray Breitnau shabakadda tareenka qaranka. Saldhigyadii hore ee tareenka ee Hirschsprung, Posthalde iyo Höllsteig (oo u dhow Dooxada Ravenna), kuwaas oo dhammaantood ku yaal degmada Breitnau, hadda lama isticmaalo. Intaas waxaa dheer, Breitnau waxaa u adeega khadadka baska 7216 (Freiburg – St.Peter – St. Märgen – Breitnau – Hinterzarten) iyo 7261 (Neustadt – St. Märgen) oo ay waddo shirkadda [[Südbadenbus]]. == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == [[File:Hofgut Sternen Goethe 8314.jpg|thumb|Goethe wuxuu ku sugnaa gurigan u dhow Hofgut Sternen 29 Sebtembar 1779.]] [[Hirschsprung (Black Forest)|Hirschsprung]] waa dhagax ku yaal kor ku xusan cidhiidhi u eg dooxada oo ku taal Höllental. Indha-indhaynta waxaa ka mid ah [[Ravenna Bridge|Buundada Ravenna]] oo ku taal dhamaadka hoose ee Dooxada Ravenna, [[viaduct|buundada tareenka]] ee [[Höllentalbahn (Black Forest)|Tareenka Höllental]]. Hoos waxaa ku taal Hoteelka ''Hofgut Sternen'', kaas oo taagnaa in ka badan 250 sano. [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] (1779) iyo [[Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy|Mendelssohn]] (1837) labaduba halkaas bay degeen. 1770 [[Marie Antoinette]] waxay ku sugneyd halkaan Hofgut Sternen intii ay ku jirtay safarkeeda arooska ee ay ku tageysay Paris. Waxaa ku taal [[glassworks|warshad dhalada ah]] oo ku taal dhisme dhinac ah. Meesha u dhow waxaa taagan [[St. Oswald's Chapel, Höllental|Kaniisadda St. Oswald]] ee 800-sano jirtay oo wadata meesha allabariga ee Late Gothic. Waxaa jira waddo u degaysa [[Ravenna Gorge|Dooxada Ravenna]], oo ah dooxada dhinaceeda oo dhagax adag leh oo Höllental ah taas oo u horseedaysa Madasha Breitnau. Sidoo kale mudan in la booqdo waa guriga wadaadka ee duugga ah, oo u dhow kaniisadda tuulada, kaas oo si daacad ah loo soo celiyay. == Shakhsiyaadka == * Alois Faller (dhashay 1812 Höllsteig; dhintay 1882 [[New York City|New York]]), [[lawyer|qareen]], [[revolutionary|mucaarad]] iyo [[member of parliament|xubin baarlamaan]] * Lorenz Helmle (dhashay 1783 Breitnau; dhintay 1849 Freiburg im Breisgau), [[stained-glass artist|farshaxaniste muraayadaha midabaysan]] * Andreas Helmle (dhashay 1784 Breitnau; dhintay 1839 Freiburg im Breisgau), farshaxaniste muraayadaha midabaysan * Conrad Ruf (dhashay 1840 Breitnau; dhintay 1922 Freiburg im Breisgau), [[photographer|sawir-qaade]] * [[Martin Wangler]] (dhashay 1969 Freiburg im Breisgau), jilaa iyo fanaan majaajilo ah, wuxuu la degan yahay qoyskiisa Breitnau ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.alemannische-seiten.de/deutschland/breitnau.php Breitnau:Taariikhda iyo sawirada] {{in lang|de}} *(in German) [https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/LaenderRegionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ/Archiv/GVAuszugJ/31122016_Auszug_GV.html Xafiiska Tirakoobka Federaalka] - Tirada dadka degmooyinka 31 Diseembar 2016 {{Authority control}} d1zzf424r8tet895r2pdphftxed86sm 0 50098 304047 2026-08-04T14:53:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|45|18|N|7|39|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breitscheidt in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Hamm (Sieg) |elevation = 285 |area = 3.66 |postal_code = 57539 |area_code = 02682 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 013 |divisions = 6 |website = [https://www.hamm-sieg.de/hamm/de/Ortsgemeinden/Breitscheidt/ www.hamm-sieg.de] |mayor = Helmut Rötzel<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Breitscheidt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Gaadiidka== Saldhigga tareenka ee Breitscheidt wuxuu ku yaaaal [[Engers–Au railway|Tareenka Engers–Au]] waxaana u adeega tareenada khadka RB90 (Limburg - [[Diez, Germany|Diez Ost]] - [[Westerburg]] - [[Hachenburg]] - Altenkirchen - Au (Sieg) - Betzdorf (Sieg) - [[Siegen]]), waxay ku taal aagga ururka gaadiidka [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel|Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM)]], aagga 919. Sidoo kale khadadka baska deegaanka 284, 287 iyo 288 waxay ka shaqeeyaan Breitscheidt. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} sgwheu9s2za95xvx0vdxvoj6kmym972 0 50099 304048 2026-08-04T14:54:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Breitungen |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Breitungen-Werra.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|45|N|10|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breitungen-Werra in SM.png |state = |district = Schmalkalden-Meiningen |elevation = 250 |area = 44.87 |postal_code = 98597 |area_code = 036848 |licence = SM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 66 013 |website = [http://www.breitungen.de/ www.breitungen.de] |mayor = Ronny Römhild<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |party = }} '''Breitungen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁaɪtʊŋən}}; magaca rasmiga ah: ''Breitungen/Werra'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Schmalkalden-Meiningen]], [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Werra]], koonfur-bari ee [[Bad Salzungen]]. == Dad caan ah == * [[Tamara Danz]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} d4v9jpqa9ppch8vltps95ina91rxzys 0 50100 304049 2026-08-04T14:56:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Brekendorf.png |image_coa = DEU Brekendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|25|N|9|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brekendorf in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Hüttener Berge |elevation = 46 |area = 20.48 |postal_code = 24811 |area_code = 04336 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 030 |website = [http://www.amt-huettener-berge.de/ www.amt-huettener-<br />berge.de] |mayor = Gerhard Guthardt |party = }} '''Brekendorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} b3xamrhbcar2rtx2lj7rwtyyilzlg99 0 50101 304050 2026-08-04T14:57:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo =Kirche Breklum.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda ''Sunte Oluf'' ee ku taal Breklum |image_flag = Flagge Breklum.png |image_coa = DEU Breklum COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|36|17|N|8|59|04|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breklum in NF.PNG |state = |district = Nordfriesland |Amt = Mittleres Nordfriesland |elevation = 7 |area = 10.06 |postal_code = 25821 |area_code = 04671 |licence = NF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 54 020 |website = [http://www.amt-bredstedt-land.de/ www.amt-bredstedt-<br />land.de] |mayor = Eberhard Steinke }} '''Breklum''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Nordfriesland]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} aglmsilkupfoggtfwvgnegbjztah17d 0 50102 304051 2026-08-04T14:59:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |name = Bremberg |image_photo = BrembergRheinLahnKreis3.jpg |image_coa = DEU Bremberg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|18|22.52|N|7|55|14.29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bremberg in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Aar-Einrich |elevation = 300 |area = 6.07 |postal_code = 56370 |area_code = 06439, 02604 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 018 |website = |mayor = Matthias Meister<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bremberg''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Aar-Einrich|degmada wadajirka ah ee Aar-Einrich]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} g7esaf0ycuj1c28c88pyt5ol9bgff5p 0 50103 304052 2026-08-04T15:00:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|47|57|N|11|46|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bremsnitz in SHK.svg |state = |district = Saale-Holzland-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hügelland/Täler |elevation = 282 |area = 6.57 |postal_code = 07646 |area_code = 036426 |licence = SHK, EIS, SRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 74 007 |website = [http://www.huegelland-taeler.de www.huegelland-taeler.de] |mayor = Tino Fuchs<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Bremsnitz''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Saale-Holzland]], ee [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 778dc7yztkwkt2av9tkid36pbxxeihw 0 50104 304053 2026-08-04T15:02:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Brenk.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|25|55|N|7|10|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brenk in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Brohltal |elevation = 350 |area = 3.09 |postal_code = 56651 |area_code = 02655 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 201 |mayor = Christoph Stenz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Brenk''' ({{IPA|de|bʁɛŋk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} if3ijzzauyud62l3cqneatji3r5ui9x 0 50105 304054 2026-08-04T15:03:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Brennberg.svg |image_photo = Burgruine Brennberg GO12.jpg |image_caption = Brennberg oo laga arkay haraadiga qasriga Brennberg |coordinates = {{coord|49|4|34|N|12|23|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brennberg in R.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Regensburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Wörth an der Donau |elevation = 611 |area = 30.52 |postal_code = 93179 |area_code = 09484 |licence = R |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 75 120 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.brennberg.de/ www.brennberg.de] |mayor = Irmgard Sauerer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Brennberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁɛnbɛʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Regensburg (district)|Regensburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Dadka == * [[Hermann Höcherl]] (1912-1989), siyaasi (CSU) == Tixraac == <references/> {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} sij4yqddqycc95ovkekzxqnu0g2hu5y 0 50106 304055 2026-08-04T15:05:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Brensbach COA.svg |image_flag = Flagge Brensbach.svg |image_photo = Brensbach Luftaufnahme.jpg |image_caption = Sawirka cirka ee Brensbach |coordinates = {{coord|49|46|N|08|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brensbach in ERB.svg |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = Odenwaldkreis |elevation = 180-280 |area = 23.18 |postal_code = 64391–64395 |area_code = 06161 |licence = ERB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 37 003 |website = [http://www.brensbach.de www.brensbach.de] |mayor = Rainer Müller<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Brensbach''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Odenwaldkreis]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta === Brensbach waxay ku taal waqooyiga [[Odenwald]] ee dooxada [[Gersprenz]]. === Degmooyinka deriska la ah === Brensbach waxay xuduud la leedahay xagga waqooyiga magaalooyinka [[Groß-Bieberau]] iyo [[Reinheim]] (in kasta oo xudduuddani ay tahay mid gaaban) iyo degmada [[Otzberg]] (oo dhammaantood ka tirsan [[Darmstadt-Dieburg]]), dhanka bari degmada [[Höchst im Odenwald|Höchst]] iyo magaalada [[Bad König]], dhanka koonfureed degmooyinka [[Brombachtal]] iyo [[Reichelsheim (Odenwald)|Reichelsheim]] iyo dhanka galbeed degmooyinka [[Fränkisch-Crumbach]] (dhammaantood ka tirsan Odenwaldkreis) iyo [[Fischbachtal]] (Darmstadt-Dieburg). === Degmooyinka hoose === [[Ortsteil|Xaafadaha]] Brensbach waa Affhöllerbach, Bierbach, Brensbach, Hippelsbach, Höllerbach, Kilsbach, Mummenroth, Nieder-Kainsbach, Stierbach, Wallbach iyo Wersau. == Siyaasadda == Doorashadii golaha degmada ee la qabtay 26 March 2006 waxay soo saartay natiijooyinkan soo socda: {{update section|date=July 2021}} {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" | '''Xisbiyada iyo bulshooyinka codbixiyeyaasha''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2006''' |align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2006''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2001''' |align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2001''' |---- |CDU |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] |align="right" |42.9 |align="right" |11 |align="right" |37.0 |align="right" |11 |---- |SPD |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] |align="right" |57.1 |align="right" |14 |align="right" |63.0 |align="right" |20 |---- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Wadarta''' |align="right" |'''100.0''' |align="right" |'''25''' |align="right" |'''100.0''' |align="right" |'''31''' |---- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Codbixinta boqolkiiba''' |colspan="2" align="right" |'''51.6''' |colspan="2" align="right" |'''57.1''' |} === Calanka iyo astaanta u gaarka ah === Bulshada [[Coat of arms|sumaddeedu]] waxay sidataa saddex [[charge (heraldry)|calaamadood]] oo ku taal asaas cad (qalin): xagga hoose ee [[escutcheon (heraldry)|gaashaan]] waxaa ku yaal mowjado buluug ah, oo ka sarreeya dab cas, oo ka sarreeya qaanso shan xiddigood leh oo lix geesood leh. Astaamuhu waa kuwo [[Canting arms|macne leh]], oo soo jeedinaya magaca bulshada: fal-celinta ''brennen'' waxay ka dhigan tahay "gubasho" af [[German language|Jarmal]], iyo ''Bach'' waxay ka dhigan tahay "webi yar". Sida laga soo alifay hal-ku-dhegga, webiga magaca leh, marka la arko xilliga xiddiguhu soo baxayaan, wuxuu u ekaa mid gubanaya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u badan tahay inuu sidaas u ekaa qorrax-dhicidda halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd habeenkii, maadaama xiddiguhu aysan ku filnayn dhalaal ay ku soo saaraan saameyn caynkaas ah. === Iskaashiga magaalooyinka === {{Flagicon|France}} Bulshada Brensbach waxay xiriir iskaashi la leedahay tan iyo 1978 bulshada [[France|Faransiiska]] ee [[Ézy-sur-Eure]] oo ku taal waaxda [[Eure]] ee [[Normandy]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 88yecscojl7k63yglcb5p0ia2yy8mdv 0 50107 304056 2026-08-04T15:06:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Breuna |image_coa = DEU Breuna COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|25|N|09|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Breuna in KS.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Kassel |elevation = 292 |area = 40.47 |postal_code = 34479 |area_code = 05693 |licence = KS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 33 004 |website = [http://www.breuna.de www.breuna.de] |mayor = Jens Wiegand<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 }} '''Breuna''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] yar oo ku taal gobolka [[Kassel (district)|Kassel]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal 24 kiiloomitir waqooyi-galbeed ee magaalada [[Kassel]]. Qeybteeda ugu da'da weyn waa tuulada Rhöda, oo markii ugu horreysay la xusay horraantii qarnigii sagaalaad. == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == Breuna waa [[town twinning|mataano]] la leh: * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Gehlberg]], Jarmalka * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Predappio]], Talyaaniga ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} c0nx7jrd9i67qxrym7tyhf2up7lzhiw 0 50108 304058 2026-08-04T18:43:24Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 Bog loo bedeley [[1]] 304058 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[1]] 1gmwl3vj7t5t0co8b9swyro2snm5v84 0 50109 304059 2026-08-04T18:48:27Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 Bog loo bedeley [[Badh]] 304059 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[Badh]] eilb0f3oia2qb68yw5dbeodvlrqcqab 304060 304059 2026-08-04T18:49:55Z ~2026-42807-05 46776 Bartii sii toosinta ayaa laga beddelay [[Badh]] laguna beddelay [[1]] 304060 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[1]] p73so2y2ncvzyaj9okok6h028eocx2b