Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1603 304194 297622 2026-08-06T09:22:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga | native_name = {{native name|it|Repubblica Italiana}} | common_name = Talyaaniga | image_flag = Flag of Italy.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Italy.svg | symbol_type = Astaan qaran | national_anthem = ''[[Il Canto degli Italiani]]'' | image_map = EU-Italy.svg | map_caption = Meesha Talyaanigu kaga yaal Yurub | capital = [[Roma]] | largest_city = [[Roma]] | official_languages = [[Af-Taliyaani]] | demonym = [[Talyaani]] | government_type = [[Jamhuuriyad baarlamaani ah]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Talyaaniga|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Sergio Mattarella]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaaraha Talyaaniga|Ra'iisul wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Giorgia Meloni]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Talyaaniga]] | upper_house = [[Guurtida Jamhuuriyadda]] | lower_house = [[Golaha Wakiillada Talyaaniga|Golaha Wakiillada]] | established_event1 = Midowgii Talyaaniga | established_date1 = 17 Maarso 1861 | established_event2 = Jamhuuriyadda | established_date2 = 2 Juun 1946 | established_event3 = Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda | established_date3 = 1 Janaayo 1948 | area_km2 = 302,073 | population_estimate = 58,943,000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = [[Yuuro]] | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | drives_on = midig | calling_code = +39 | cctld = [[.it]] }} '''Talyaaniga''' ({{lang-it|Italia}}), si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga''' ({{lang-it|Repubblica Italiana}}), waa waddan ku yaalla [[Koonfurta Yurub]] iyo bartamaha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu ku yaallaa jasiirad-gacmeedka Talyaaniga, waxaana ka mid ah labada jasiiradood ee waaweyn ee [[Sasiiliya]] iyo [[Sardiiniya]], iyo jasiirado kale oo yaryar. Caasimaddiisu waa [[Roma]], luqaddiisa rasmiga ahna waa [[Af-Taliyaani]].<ref name="EU">{{cite web |title=Italy – EU country profile |url=https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries/italy_en |publisher=European Union |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> Talyaanigu wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Faransiiska]], [[Iswiiserland]], [[Ostariya]] iyo [[Isloveeniya]]. Gudaha dhulka Talyaaniga waxaa ku yaalla laba dawlad oo madax bannaan: [[Faatikaan]] iyo [[Saan Mariino]]. Talyaanigu wuxuu kaloo leeyahay dhul yar oo go'doonsan oo ku dhex yaalla Iswiiserland, kaas oo la yiraahdo [[Campione d'Italia]]. Talyaanigu waa xubin muhiim ah oo ka tirsan [[Midowga Yurub]], [[Qaramada Midoobay]], [[NATO]], [[G7]], [[G20]], [[OECD]] iyo ururo kale oo caalami ah. Dalka wuxuu ka mid yahay dhaqaalaha waaweyn ee Yurub, waxaana lagu yaqaannaa taariikh dheer, farshaxan, naqshad-dhismeed, muusig, cunto, warshado, moodo iyo magaalooyin taariikhi ah. == Magaca == Magaca Soomaaliga ee waddanku waa '''Talyaaniga'''. Dadka dalkaas u dhashay waxaa lagu magacaabaa '''Talyaani''', luqaddoodana waxaa la yiraahdaa '''Af-Taliyaani''' ama '''Af-Talyaani'''. Magaca rasmiga ah ee waddanka waa '''Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga'''. Magaca Talyaaniga wuxuu ka yimid magaca Laatiinka ah ee ''Italia''. Magacani markii hore wuxuu la xiriiray qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta jasiirad-gacmeedka, balse markii dambe wuxuu noqday magaca guud ee dhulka Talyaaniga oo dhan. == Juqraafi == Talyaanigu wuxuu ku yaallaa koonfurta Yurub, wuxuuna u fidsan yahay gudaha Badda Mediterranean-ka. Qaabka dhulka Talyaaniga waxaa badanaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu u egyahay kab dheer oo badda dhex gala. Dhinaca waqooyi waxaa ka xiga buuraha [[Alps]], kuwaas oo ka sooca qaybo ka mid ah Yurubta dhexe. Bartamaha iyo koonfurta dalka waxaa mara buuraha [[Apennines]], kuwaas oo ah silsilad buuraha ah oo ku fidsan dhererka jasiirad-gacmeedka. Dalka wuxuu leeyahay xeeb dheer oo ku teedsan badda [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]], [[Ionian Sea|Ionian]], [[Tyrrhenian Sea|Tyrrhenian]] iyo [[Ligurian Sea|Ligurian]]. Labada jasiiradood ee ugu waaweyn waa [[Sasiiliya]], oo ku taalla koonfurta jasiirad-gacmeedka, iyo [[Sardiiniya]], oo ku taalla galbeedka dalka. Webiyada waaweyn ee Talyaaniga waxaa ka mid ah [[Po]], [[Tiber]], [[Arno]] iyo [[Adige]]. Webiga Po wuxuu maraa waqooyiga Talyaaniga, gaar ahaan dooxada Po, oo ah mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu wax-soo-saarka badan dalka. Webiga Tiber wuxuu maraa magaalada Roma. Talyaanigu wuxuu leeyahay harooyin caan ah sida [[Lake Garda]], [[Lake Como]] iyo [[Lake Maggiore]]. Wuxuu kaloo leeyahay foolkaanno caan ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Mount Etna]] oo ku yaalla Sasiiliya, [[Vesuvius]] oo u dhow Napoli, iyo [[Stromboli]] oo ka mid ah jasiiradaha Aeolian. == Cimilada == Cimilada Talyaanigu aad bay u kala duwan tahay. Waqooyiga dalka, gaar ahaan meelaha buuraha Alps ku yaallaan, cimiladu waa qabow, barafna wuu da'aa xilliga jiilaalka. Dooxada Po waxay leedahay xagaa kulul iyo jiilaal qabow oo mararka qaar ceeryaamo leh. Bartamaha iyo koonfurta Talyaaniga waxay leeyihiin cimilada Mediterranean-ka: xagaa kulul oo qalalan iyo jiilaal dhexdhexaad ah oo roob leh. Xeebaha koonfureed, Sasiiliya iyo Sardiiniya waxay leeyihiin cimilada ugu diirran dalka. == Deegaanka iyo dabiicadda == Talyaanigu wuxuu leeyahay deegaan aad u kala duwan: buuro, dooxooyin, kaymo, dhul beereedyo, xeeb, jasiirado iyo foolkaanno. Kala duwanaanshaha dhulka iyo cimiladu waxay dalka siisay noocyo badan oo dhir iyo xayawaan ah. Meelaha dabiiciga ah ee muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah [[Dolomites]], [[Gran Paradiso National Park]], [[Cinque Terre]], [[Amalfi Coast]], [[Mount Etna]] iyo qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Alps iyo Apennines. Talyaanigu wuxuu leeyahay jardiinooyin qaran iyo aagag la ilaaliyo oo badan, kuwaas oo loogu talagalay ilaalinta deegaanka, dalxiiska iyo hidaha dabiiciga ah. == Taariikh == === Xilligii hore === Dhulka maanta loo yaqaan Talyaaniga wuxuu lahaa taariikh aad u dheer ka hor intaanay Roomaanku xoog yeelan. Waxaa ku noolaa dadyow kala duwan sida Etruscans, Greeks, Latins, Samnites iyo dadyow kale oo Talyaani hore ah. Giriiggii hore waxay magaalooyin ka dhisteen koonfurta Talyaaniga iyo Sasiiliya, waxaana gobolkaas loo yiqiin ''Magna Graecia'', ama “Giriigga Weyn”. Etruscans waxay ahaayeen ilbaxnimo xoog leh oo ku fadhiday bartamaha Talyaaniga, gaar ahaan dhulka maanta loo yaqaan Tuscany. Waxay saameyn ku yeesheen horumarkii hore ee Roma, gaar ahaan dhinacyada maamulka, diinta, dhismaha iyo dhaqanka. === Rooma hore === Magaalada [[Roma]] waxaa la aasaasay xilligii hore, waxayna markii dambe noqotay xarun siyaasadeed iyo militari oo aad u xoog badan. Roomaanku waxay markii hore ahaayeen boqortooyo yar, kadibna waxay noqdeen jamhuuriyad, ugu dambayntiina imbaraadooriyad weyn. [[Jamhuuriyaddii Roomaanka]] waxay qabsatay dhul badan oo ku yaalla Mediterranean-ka. Kadib dagaallo badan oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, waxaa soo baxay [[Boqortooyadii Roomaanka]], oo muddo qarniyo ah xukuntay qaybo waaweyn oo Yurub, Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe ah. Roomaanku waxay saameyn weyn ku yeesheen sharciga, luqadda, dhismaha, ciidanka, maamulka, waddooyinka, magaalada iyo fikirka siyaasadeed ee Yurub. Af-Laatiinku wuxuu noqday luqad muhiim ah, waxaana ka farcamay luqado badan oo maanta loo yaqaan luqadaha Romance, sida Af-Taliyaani, Af-Faransiis, Af-Isbaanish, Af-Bortuqiis iyo Af-Romaaniyaan. === Talyaaniga qarniyadii dhexe === Kadib burburkii Boqortooyada Roomaanka ee Galbeed sanadkii 476, Talyaanigu wuxuu galay xilli siyaasadeed oo kala qaybsan. Qaybo kala duwan waxaa qabsaday Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Lombards, Franks iyo xoogag kale. Qarniyadii dhexe, Talyaanigu ma ahayn dawlad mideysan. Waxaa jiray magaalo-dawlado iyo boqortooyooyin kala duwan sida Venice, Florence, Milan, Genoa, Papal States, Naples iyo Sicily. Kala qaybsanaantan siyaasadeed waxay mararka qaar keentay dagaallo, laakiin waxay sidoo kale dhalisay tartan ganacsi, farshaxan iyo aqoon oo aad u xoog badan. === Renaissance === Talyaanigu wuxuu ahaa xaruntii ugu muhiimsanayd ee [[Renaissance]]-ka Yurub. Xilligan, oo bilowday qarnigii 14aad kuna xoogaystay qarnigii 15aad iyo 16aad, waxaa dib loo xiiseeyay farshaxanka, suugaanta, falsafadda, sayniska iyo dhaxalkii Giriigga iyo Roomaanka. Magaalooyin sida [[Firenze]], [[Roma]], [[Venezia]], [[Milano]] iyo [[Napoli]] waxay noqdeen xarumo waaweyn oo farshaxan iyo aqoon ah. Talyaaniga waxaa ka soo baxay dad caan ah sida [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[Michelangelo]], [[Raphael]], [[Dante Alighieri]], [[Petrarch]], [[Galileo Galilei]], [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] iyo kuwo kale. === Xilliga casriga hore === Qarnigii 16aad iyo 17aad, Talyaanigu wuxuu noqday goob ay ku loollamaan quwado waaweyn oo Yurub ah, sida Spain, France iyo Austria. Qaybo badan oo dalka ah waxaa muddo dheer saameyn ku lahaa ama xukumayay boqortooyooyin shisheeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaalooyinka Talyaanigu waxay sii ahaayeen xarumo muhiim u ah farshaxanka, kaniisadda, ganacsiga iyo dhaqanka. === Midowgii Talyaaniga === Talyaaniga casriga ah waxaa la mideeyay qarnigii 19aad. Dhaqdhaqaaqa midowga waxaa loo yaqaan ''Risorgimento''. Dad muhiim ah sida [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], [[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour]], [[Giuseppe Mazzini]] iyo Boqor [[Victor Emmanuel II]] ayaa door weyn ka qaatay midowga dalka. 17 Maarso 1861 waxaa lagu dhawaaqay Boqortooyada Talyaaniga. Roma waxay noqotay caasimadda dalka 1871 kadib markii la qabsaday dhulkii Papal States. Midowgii Talyaaniga wuxuu isku keenay gobollo iyo boqortooyooyin kala duwanaa, balse farqiga u dhexeeya waqooyiga iyo koonfurta dalka ayaa sii ahaaday arrin muhiim ah. === Boqortooyada Talyaaniga iyo gumeysiga === Kadib midowgii, Talyaanigu wuxuu noqday boqortooyo dastuuri ah. Wuxuu isku dayay inuu noqdo quwad Yurub ah, wuxuuna galay tartankii gumeysiga ee qarnigii 19aad iyo bilowgii qarnigii 20aad. Talyaanigu wuxuu gumeysi ku yeeshay qaybo ka mid ah Afrika, oo ay ka mid ahaayeen [[Eritrea]], [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Liibiya]]. Wuxuu sidoo kale isku dayay inuu qabsado Itoobiya, balse waxaa looga adkaaday dagaalkii Adwa 1896. Xilligii gumeysiga Talyaaniga wuxuu saameyn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Soomaaliya, Eritrea, Liibiya iyo Itoobiya. Soomaaliya gudaheeda, Talyaanigu wuxuu muddo dheer xukumayay qaybtii loo yaqaanay Soomaaliya Talyaani. === Fashiistaha iyo Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka === 1922, [[Benito Mussolini]] iyo xisbiga Fashiistaha ayaa xukunka la wareegay. Mussolini wuxuu dhisay nidaam kaligii-talis ah, wuxuuna meesha ka saaray xorriyado badan oo siyaasadeed. Talyaanigu wuxuu qabsaday Itoobiya 1935–1936, wuxuuna la saftay Jarmalkii Nazi-ga intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]]. Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka wuxuu Talyaaniga u keenay burbur weyn. 1943, Mussolini waa la riday, Talyaaniguna wuxuu u kala qaybsamay qaybo ay kala saameeyeen xulafadii iyo Jarmalkii Nazi-ga. Dagaalka kadib, Talyaanigu wuxuu galay xilli dib-u-dhis siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale. === Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga === 2 Juun 1946, shacabka Talyaaniga ayaa afti ku doortay in dalka laga dhigo jamhuuriyad halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa boqortooyo. Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga wuxuu dhaqan galay 1 Janaayo 1948. Dastuurku wuxuu qeexayaa Talyaaniga inuu yahay jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo ku dhisan shaqada, isla markaana madaxbannaanidu ay leedahay shacabka.<ref name="constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Italian Republic |url=https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf |publisher=Senato della Repubblica |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> Kadib dagaalka, Talyaanigu wuxuu helay koboc dhaqaale oo weyn, gaar ahaan 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii. Xilligan waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan ''mucjisadii dhaqaale ee Talyaaniga''. Dalka wuxuu ka mid noqday dalalka aasaasay hay'adihii horseeday Midowga Yurub, wuxuuna ka mid noqday NATO. == Dowladda iyo siyaasadda == Talyaanigu waa jamhuuriyad baarlamaani ah. Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda waa madaxa qaranka, wuxuuna leeyahay door dastuuriyan muhiim ah, gaar ahaan magacaabista Ra'iisul Wasaaraha, ilaalinta dastuurka iyo matalaadda midnimada qaranka. Ra'iisul Wasaaruhu waa madaxa xukuumadda, wuxuuna hoggaamiyaa Golaha Wasiirrada. Baarlamaanka Talyaanigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba aqal: [[Golaha Wakiillada Talyaaniga|Golaha Wakiillada]] iyo [[Guurtida Jamhuuriyadda]]. Labada aqalba waxay leeyihiin awood sharci-dejin oo xooggan, nidaamkaasna waxaa loo yaqaan baarlamaan laba-aqal ah oo siman. Madaxweynaha hadda waa [[Sergio Mattarella]], oo xilka haya tan iyo 2015. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha hadda waa [[Giorgia Meloni]], oo xilka qabatay 2022.<ref name="Mattarella">{{cite web |title=The President Sergio Mattarella – Biography |url=https://www.quirinale.it/it/pagine/president-sergio-mattarella-biography |publisher=Presidency of the Italian Republic |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Meloni">{{cite web |title=Giorgia Meloni |url=https://www.governo.it/en/governo/meloni/president-council-ministers/giorgia-meloni |publisher=Government of Italy |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Dastuurka == Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga wuxuu ka mid yahay dukumentiyada siyaasadeed ee ugu muhiimsan dalka. Waxaa la ansixiyay 1947, wuxuuna dhaqan galay 1 Janaayo 1948. Qodobka koowaad wuxuu leeyahay: “Talyaanigu waa Jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo ku dhisan shaqada.”<ref name="constitution" /> Dastuurku wuxuu dhigaa xuquuqaha muwaadiniinta, kala qaybinta awoodaha, habka baarlamaanka, doorka Madaxweynaha, madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo ilaalinta xuquuqaha aasaasiga ah. Wuxuu sidoo kale xusayaa ilaalinta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee luqadeed. == Maamulka iyo gobollada == Talyaanigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20 gobol. Shan ka mid ah gobolladaas waxay leeyihiin maamul gaar ah oo ballaaran, waxaana loo yaqaan gobollada leh ''statuto speciale'', ama maqaam gaar ah. Gobolladaas waa Sasiiliya, Sardiiniya, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Valle d'Aosta iyo Friuli-Venezia Giulia.<ref name="CoR">{{cite web |title=Italy – Division of Powers |url=https://portal.cor.europa.eu/divisionpowers/Pages/Italy-Introduction.aspx |publisher=European Committee of the Regions |access-date=19 May 2026 |archive-date=8 Bisha Lixaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608050218/https://portal.cor.europa.eu/divisionpowers/Pages/Italy-Introduction.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gobollada Talyaaniga waa: * [[Abruzzo]] * [[Aosta Valley|Valle d'Aosta]] * [[Apulia|Puglia]] * [[Basilicata]] * [[Calabria]] * [[Campania]] * [[Emilia-Romagna]] * [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]] * [[Lazio]] * [[Liguria]] * [[Lombardy|Lombardia]] * [[Marche]] * [[Molise]] * [[Piedmont|Piemonte]] * [[Sardinia|Sardiiniya]] * [[Sicily|Sasiiliya]] * [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] * [[Tuscany|Toscana]] * [[Umbria]] * [[Veneto]] Gobollada waxaa loo sii qaybiyaa magaalooyin waaweyn, gobollo hoose, degmooyin iyo maamulo maxalli ah. Nidaamka maamulka Talyaanigu wuxuu isku daraa dawlad dhexe oo xoog leh iyo gobollo leh awood maamul oo muhiim ah. == Xiriirka dibadda == Talyaanigu wuxuu door weyn ku leeyahay siyaasadda Yurub iyo tan caalamka. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa dalalkii aasaasay Bulshada Dhaqaalaha Yurub, oo markii dambe noqotay Midowga Yurub. Wuxuu sidoo kale ka mid yahay NATO, G7, G20, OECD, WTO iyo Qaramada Midoobay. Talyaanigu wuxuu xiriir gaar ah la leeyahay dalalka Mediterranean-ka, Balkans, Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe. Juqraafiyaddiisa Mediterranean-ka awgeed, arrimaha socdaalka, tamarta, ganacsiga badda iyo ammaanka gobolka ayaa muhiim u ah siyaasaddiisa dibadda. == Ciidanka == Ciidamada Talyaaniga waxay ka kooban yihiin ciidanka dhulka, ciidanka badda, ciidanka cirka iyo Carabinieri. Carabinieri waa ciidan boolis-militari ah oo leh door amni gudaha iyo mid militari labadaba. Talyaanigu wuxuu ka qaybqaataa hawlgallo caalami ah oo ay wadaan Qaramada Midoobay, NATO iyo Midowga Yurub. == Dhaqaale == Talyaanigu wuxuu ka mid yahay dhaqaalaha ugu waaweyn Yurub iyo dunida. Dhaqaalihiisa waxaa muhiim u ah warshadaha, adeegyada, dalxiiska, beeraha, moodada, baabuurta, mashiinnada, cuntada, daawooyinka, naqshadeynta iyo ganacsiga caalamiga ah. Waqooyiga Talyaaniga, gaar ahaan Lombardia, Veneto, Piemonte iyo Emilia-Romagna, waa xarumo warshadeed iyo dhaqaale oo xoog leh. Milano waa xarun maaliyadeed, moodo iyo ganacsi. Torino waxay muddo dheer xiriir la lahayd warshadaha baabuurta. Emilia-Romagna waxay caan ku tahay warshadaha cuntada, mashiinnada iyo baabuurta raaxada. Koonfurta Talyaaniga, oo badanaa loo yaqaan ''Mezzogiorno'', wuxuu leeyahay taariikh dhaqaale oo ka duwan waqooyiga. Inkastoo koonfurtu leedahay dhul beereed, xeeb, dalxiis iyo hiddo qani ah, haddana farqiga dhaqaale ee u dhexeeya waqooyi iyo koonfur wuxuu ahaa arrin muddo dheer jirta. Hay'adda IMF waxay Talyaaniga ku tilmaantaa dhaqaale horumarsan, balse waxay sidoo kale xustaa baahida loo qabo wax-soo-saar sare iyo shaqo ka qaybgal badan.<ref name="IMF">{{cite web |title=Italy and the IMF |url=https://www.imf.org/en/countries/ita |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Warshadaha == Talyaanigu wuxuu caan ku yahay warshadaha tayada sare leh. Waxyaabaha laga sameeyo Talyaaniga, oo loo yaqaan ''Made in Italy'', waxay astaan u yihiin naqshad, tayo iyo farsamo. Warshadaha muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah: * baabuurta iyo mootooyinka * moodada iyo dharka * kabaha iyo agabka haragga * qalabka guryaha * mashiinnada warshadaha * cuntada iyo cabbitaanka * daawooyinka * maraakiibta * qalabka korontada * naqshadeynta iyo farshaxanka ganacsiga Shirkado Talyaani ah ayaa caan ka ah suuqyada caalamka, gaar ahaan baabuurta, moodada, cuntada iyo naqshadeynta. == Beeraha iyo cuntada == Beeraha Talyaanigu wuxuu leeyahay door dhaqaale iyo dhaqan labadaba. Dalka waxaa laga soo saaraa khamri, saliid saytuun, qamadi, bariis, yaanyo, canab, liin, tufaax, farmaajo iyo noocyo badan oo khudaar iyo miro ah. Waqooyiga waxaa caan ka ah bariiska iyo caanaha, halka koonfurta iyo jasiiradaha ay caan ku yihiin saytuunka, khudradda Mediterranean-ka iyo kalluunka. Cuntada Talyaaniga waxay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu caansan dunida. Baastada, biitsada, risotto, mozzarella, parmesan, gelato, espresso, tiramisu iyo saliidda saytuunka ayaa ka mid ah waxyaabaha sida weyn loola xiriiriyo Talyaaniga. Cuntadu waxay ku kala duwan tahay gobol ilaa gobol, waxaana gobol kasta leeyahay hab-karis, farmaajo, suugo iyo cuntooyin gaar ah. == Dalxiis == Dalxiisku wuxuu ka mid yahay qaybaha ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Talyaaniga. Dalka waxaa laga helaa magaalooyin taariikhi ah, matxafyo, kaniisado, qalcado, xeebaha Mediterranean-ka, buuraha Alps, harooyin, foolkaanno iyo goobaha Roomaanka qadiimiga ah. Meelaha dalxiiska ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah: * [[Roma]] iyo [[Colosseum]] * [[Vatican City|Faatikaan]] * [[Firenze]] * [[Venezia]] * [[Milano]] * [[Napoli]] * [[Pompeii]] * [[Pisa]] * [[Verona]] * [[Cinque Terre]] * [[Amalfi Coast]] * [[Sasiiliya]] * [[Sardiiniya]] * [[Lake Como]] * [[Dolomites]] Hay'adda dalxiiska Talyaaniga ee ENIT waxay xustay in Talyaanigu weli ka mid yahay meelaha ugu waaweyn ee dalxiisayaasha caalamku doortaan, gaar ahaan xilliyada xagaaga.<ref name="ENIT">{{cite web |title=Italy is among the most popular destinations for summer 2025 |url=https://www.enit.it/en/italy--is-among--the-most-popular--destinations-for-summer-2025 |publisher=ENIT |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Dadka == ISTAT waxay qiyaastay in dadka deggan Talyaaniga ay ahaayeen 58.943 milyan 1 Janaayo 2026, iyadoo xogtaas lagu sheegay mid hordhac ah.<ref name="ISTAT2025">{{cite web |title=Demographic Indicators – Year 2025 |url=https://www.istat.it/en/press-release/demographic-indicators-year-2025/ |publisher=ISTAT |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> Talyaanigu wuxuu ka mid yahay dalalka Yurub ee dadka da'da ah ay ku badan yihiin. Heerka dhalmada ayaa hooseeya, cimriga dadkuna wuu sarreeyaa. Arrintani waxay keentay dood siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale oo ku saabsan mustaqbalka shaqaalaha, hawlgabka, daryeelka caafimaadka iyo socdaalka. Magaalooyinka waaweyn iyo agagaarkooda ayaa ah meelaha ugu dadka badan. Roma, Milano, Napoli, Torino, Palermo, Genova, Bologna, Firenze, Bari iyo Catania waxay ka mid yihiin xarumaha dadka iyo dhaqaalaha. == Luqadaha == Luqadda rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af-Taliyaani]]. Af-Taliyaanigu wuxuu ka mid yahay luqadaha Romance, wuxuuna ka farcamay Laatiinka. Inkastoo Af-Taliyaanigu yahay luqadda guud ee qaranka, haddana Talyaanigu wuxuu leeyahay kala duwanaansho luqadeed oo weyn. Dastuurka Talyaanigu wuxuu xusayaa in Jamhuuriyaddu ilaaliso dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee luqadeed.<ref name="constitution" /> Waxaa jira luqado iyo lahjado goboleed badan, sida Sicilian, Neapolitan, Venetian, Sardinian, Friulian, Piedmontese, Lombard iyo kuwo kale. Luqado laga tirada badan yahay oo sharci ahaan la ilaaliyo waxaa ka mid ah German, French, Slovenian, Ladin, Sardinian, Friulian, Occitan, Catalan, Greek, Albanian iyo Croatian. Gobollada qaarkood waxaa ka jira laba-luqadle rasmi ah. Tusaale ahaan, German waxaa si weyn looga isticmaalaa South Tyrol, French-na Valle d'Aosta, halka Slovenian laga isticmaalo qaybo ka mid ah Friuli-Venezia Giulia. == Diinta == Talyaanigu wuxuu taariikh ahaan si dhow ula xiriiray [[Kaniisadda Kaatooliga]]. Magaalada [[Roma]] waxaa ku dhex yaal [[Faatikaan]], oo ah xarunta Kaniisadda Kaatooliga iyo fadhiga Baadariga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Talyaanigu waa dawlad jamhuuriyadeed oo leh nidaam sharci oo casri ah, xorriyadda diintuna waa xuquuq dastuuriyan la ilaaliyo. Dad badan oo Talyaani ah waxay dhaqan ahaan la xiriiraan Kaatooligga, laakiin waxaa sidoo kale jira dad aan diin lahayn, Muslimiin, Protestant-yo, Orthodox, Yuhuud, Budhiistayaal iyo kooxo diimeed kale. == Waxbarasho iyo cilmi == Talyaanigu wuxuu leeyahay taariikh dheer oo waxbarasho iyo cilmi ah. Jaamacadda Bologna, oo la aasaasay qarnigii 11aad, waxaa badanaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah jaamacadaha ugu da'da weyn Yurub. Jaamacado kale oo muhiim ah waxaa ka mid ah kuwa Roma, Padua, Naples, Pisa, Florence, Milan iyo Turin. Talyaaniga waxaa ka soo baxay saynisyahanno iyo aqoonyahanno caan ah sida Galileo Galilei, Alessandro Volta, Enrico Fermi, Guglielmo Marconi iyo Rita Levi-Montalcini. Dalka wuxuu door muhiim ah ku lahaa xisaabta, cilmiga fiisigiska, caafimaadka, injineernimada, farshaxanka iyo falsafadda. == Dhaqan == Dhaqanka Talyaanigu wuxuu saameyn weyn ku yeeshay Yurub iyo dunida. Dalka waxaa lagu yaqaannaa farshaxanka, suugaanta, muusigga, opera, naqshadda dhismaha, moodada, filimada iyo cuntada. Talyaanigu wuxuu leeyahay dhaxal qadiimi ah oo ka yimid Rooma hore, dhaxal Kiristaan ah oo ka yimid qarniyadii dhexe, iyo dhaxal Renaissance ah oo aad u qani ah. Magaalooyin badan oo Talyaani ah waxay leeyihiin xarumo taariikhi ah, kaniisado, qalcado, fagaarayaal iyo matxafyo caan ah. == Farshaxan iyo naqshad-dhismeed == Talyaanigu wuxuu ahaa xarun weyn oo farshaxan iyo naqshad-dhismeed. Xilligii Renaissance-ka, farshaxanno sida Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli iyo Titian waxay sameeyeen shaqooyin saameyn weyn ku yeeshay farshaxanka dunida. Naqshad-dhismeedka Talyaaniga waxaa ka mid ah dhismayaal Roomaan ah sida Colosseum iyo Pantheon, kaniisado dhexe, dhismayaal Renaissance ah, qasriyo Baroque ah iyo dhismooyin casri ah. Magaalada Roma, Firenze, Venezia, Pisa, Siena, Ravenna, Verona iyo Naples waxay leeyihiin dhaxal naqshad-dhismeed oo aad u weyn. == Suugaan == Suugaanta Talyaanigu waxay leedahay taariikh dheer. [[Dante Alighieri]], oo qoray ''Divina Commedia'', waxaa lagu tiriyaa mid ka mid ah qorayaasha ugu waaweyn Yurub. Qorayaal kale oo muhiim ah waxaa ka mid ah Petrarch, Boccaccio, Machiavelli, Ariosto, Leopardi, Manzoni, Pirandello, Italo Svevo, Italo Calvino iyo Umberto Eco. Af-Taliyaaniga suugaaneed wuxuu si xoog leh uga soo baxay lahjadda Tuscany, gaar ahaan qoraallada Dante, Petrarch iyo Boccaccio. == Muusig == Talyaanigu wuxuu door weyn ku lahaa taariikhda muusigga Yurub. Opera-da Talyaanigu waxay noqotay nooc muusig oo caalami ah. Hal-abuurayaal sida Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini, Verdi iyo Puccini ayaa ka mid ah magacyada ugu waaweyn muusigga Talyaaniga. Qalabka muusigga sida violin-ka iyo piano-ga waxay xiriir weyn la leeyihiin horumarka muusigga Talyaaniga. Magaalooyin sida Milan, Venice, Naples iyo Parma waxay leeyihiin taariikh muusig oo xooggan. == Filim == Filimada Talyaaniga waxay lahaayeen saameyn caalami ah, gaar ahaan xilligii ''Neorealism'' kadib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Agaasimeyaal sida Roberto Rossellini, Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Sergio Leone iyo Bernardo Bertolucci ayaa caan ka noqday dunida. Filimada Talyaanigu waxay caan ku yihiin isku darka sheeko qoto dheer, aragti bulsho, muuqaal farshaxan iyo tijaabooyin qaab-dhismeed. == Moodo iyo naqshad == Talyaanigu wuxuu ka mid yahay xarumaha ugu waaweyn ee moodada iyo naqshadeynta caalamka. [[Milano]] waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah caasimadaha moodada dunida. Shirkado iyo naqshadeeyayaal Talyaani ah ayaa caan ka ah dharka, kabaha, bacaha, alaabta guryaha, baabuurta iyo naqshadda warshadaha. Naqshadda Talyaaniga waxaa lagu yaqaannaa isku darka qurux, shaqayn iyo farsamo heer sare ah. == Hidaha UNESCO == Talyaanigu wuxuu ka mid yahay dalalka ugu hodansan dhaxalka taariikhi ah iyo midka dabiiciga ah ee dunida. UNESCO waxay liiska dhaxalka adduunka ku dartay goobo badan oo Talyaani ah, sida xarunta taariikhiga ah ee Roma, Firenze, Venezia, Pompeii, Cinque Terre, Dolomites, Mount Etna iyo goobo kale.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |title=Italy – UNESCO World Heritage Convention |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/it |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> Dhaxalkaas wuxuu muujinayaa kaalinta Talyaanigu ka qaatay ilbaxnimada Roomaanka, Kiristaanka, Renaissance-ka, farshaxanka, naqshad-dhismeedka, beeraha dhaqameed iyo deegaanka dabiiciga ah. == Ciyaaraha == Kubadda cagta waa ciyaarta ugu caansan Talyaaniga. Xulka qaranka Talyaaniga wuxuu ku guuleystay Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA afar jeer: 1934, 1938, 1982 iyo 2006. Horyaalka Serie A wuxuu ka mid yahay horyaallada kubbadda cagta ee ugu caansan Yurub. Ciyaaraha kale ee Talyaaniga laga jecel yahay waxaa ka mid ah baaskiil wadidda, kubbadda koleyga, volleyball, tennis, Formula One, mootooyinka, dabaasha iyo ciyaaraha jiilaalka. Tartanka baaskiilka ee Giro d'Italia wuxuu ka mid yahay tartamada ugu waaweyn adduunka. Talyaanigu wuxuu martigeliyay ciyaaro caalami ah oo badan, wuxuuna ka mid yahay dalalka muhiimka ah ee ciyaaraha Yurub. == Magaalooyin waaweyn == Magaalooyinka ugu muhiimsan Talyaaniga waxaa ka mid ah: * [[Roma]] – caasimadda dalka, xarun taariikhi ah iyo siyaasadeed * [[Milano]] – xarun dhaqaale, moodo iyo ganacsi * [[Napoli]] – magaalo weyn oo ku taalla koonfurta, una dhow Pompeii iyo Vesuvius * [[Torino]] – xarun warshadeed iyo taariikh boqortooyo * [[Palermo]] – magaalada ugu weyn Sasiiliya * [[Genova]] – deked muhiim ah oo ku taalla waqooyi-galbeed * [[Bologna]] – xarun jaamacadeed, cunto iyo warshado * [[Firenze]] – xarun Renaissance iyo farshaxan * [[Venezia]] – magaalo biyo-mareenno iyo dhaxal taariikhi ah * [[Bari]] – xarun muhiim ah oo ku taal koonfur-bari * [[Catania]] – magaalo weyn oo ku taalla Sasiiliya, una dhow Mount Etna * [[Verona]] – magaalo taariikhi ah oo ku taalla Veneto == Xubin ka ahaansho == Talyaanigu wuxuu xubin ka yahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Midowga Yurub]] * [[NATO]] * [[G7]] * [[G20]] * [[OECD]] * [[WTO]] * [[IMF]] * [[Bankiga Adduunka]] * [[Golaha Yurub]] * [[Schengen Area]] == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Roma]] * [[Af-Taliyaani]] * [[Boqortooyadii Roomaanka]] * [[Renaissance]] * [[Sasiiliya]] * [[Sardiiniya]] * [[Midowga Yurub]] * [[Faatikaan]] * [[Saan Mariino]] * [[Soomaaliya Talyaani]] * [[Benito Mussolini]] * [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] * [[Leonardo da Vinci]] * [[Dante Alighieri]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Dalalka Yurub}} [[Category:Talyaaniga]] [[Category:Yurub]] [[Category:Dalalka Midowga Yurub]] [[Category:Dalalka NATO]] [[Category:Dalalka G7]] [[Category:Dalalka G20]] 30htg9cl36swjfl8yfnsimmqtlocudd 0 2427 304168 295609 2026-08-06T05:44:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304168 wikitext text/x-wiki Jijeele abtirkiis wuxuu galaa gugundhabe hawiye. Jijeele wuxuu u kala baxaa afar. Maxamed, Xaramage, Dudbiye iyo Kitshe.Maxamed ayaa ah curudka jijeele. Afartaan lafood ayaa sii kala baxa oo noqdo 14 lafood. Kuwaa oo kala ah Dharooye, Farenjecle, Guudway, reer wabar, shalashame, yacquub, cabdi iidsuge, dumaal, waasuge, habar wadaag, ciise, reer faqay iyo Kulmiye.Franjecle waa Rooble iyo Xalane.Dharooye waa khalaf Maxamed iyo Cali Maxamed. Waxeey beeshu si gaar eh u Degtaa Degmooyin Badan kuwaas oo iskugu jira Somaliya Iyo Ethopia Taariiq Waxeey 2011 dhulkooda kula dagaaleen alshabaab weeyna ka xoreeysteen. Beeshii ugu horeeysay ee ladagaalantay. Waxeey taariikho badan sheegayaan in gugundhabe uu ahaa boqortooyo oo maamushay dhu badan ajuuraan kadib Waxaane ugu caansan gobolka hiiran baladwayne Cabdullahi Adan Xasan Kheyre (Macalin ciro)<ref>H</ref> == Hordhac == Jijeele waa beel ka tirsan beelwaynta [[Hawiye]], Beeshu waxay degta oo ay deegan u leedahay Gobolada koonfur ee dalka [[Somalia]] gaar ahaan gobolada kala ah [[Hiran]] ,[[Bay]] ,[[Bakool]] iyo [[Shabeelada hoose]] iyo Banaadir. Dagmooyinka Caanka ah ee beeshu dagto waxaa ka mid ah Baladweyn Farlibax, Gaagsibiri ,Ceel,Idaad Quracjoome Ceelcade Buqgoosaar Ceelbarde Buurhakaba Diinsoor Ufuroow xudur Sidoo kale Beeshu waxay dagtaa Gobolka Shabellada dhaxe sida Basra. Shabelaha Hoose sida Baladul-amiin Baqdaad Mubaarak ee dagamada afgooye hoos timaada. Qaab-dhismeedka Beeshu waa sida: Jijeele waa 4 lafood 1.Dudbiye Jijeele 2.Xarmage Jijeele 3.Maxamed Jijeele(Curudka) 4.Kitshe Jijeele Dudbiye Jijeele : Dudbiye Jijeele wuxuu u kala Baxa : - Guudway, Makaail - Yaaquub Guudaay waxuu u kala baxaa : - Doolow - maxamed kheyr Makaail Wuxuu u kala baxaa : - Dumaal - Iidsuge Iidsuge waxuu u kala baxaa : - Reer faqay - Habarwadaag - Cabdisuge 2- Xaramage - Shalashame - Reeerwabar 3- Maxamed Jijeele 4- Kitshe - Ciise - Waadsuge Beesha waxaa ka dhashay Siyaasiyeen rug cadaa so ahaa culimo iyo Ganacsato Soomali oo dhan wada taqaan waxa ka mid ahaa Wasiir Xareed Faarax oo ahaa wasiir ka tirsana dowladiii Adan Cabdulle Cusmaan, xilal kala duwana kasoo qabtay xukuumadii kacaanka. sido kale waxa jiran ganacsado an marnaba lailawi kari sida Cabdirashid xuuriyow samafale an marnaba mel loga tagi karin ahay sosare dhalin badan shaqa aqon wax karad ah sido kle waxa jiro ganacsade kobac Sidoo kale beesha waxaa ka dhashay Halyay aan Marnaba la ilaawi Doonin  Naftiisa u huray Difaaca Dalka isagoo Dhalanyaro ah ayuu Ka qeeb galay Dagaalkii 1977 kii waxaa uuna ka Tirsanaa Ciidankii Commandista Dalkeena Allaha kuu naxriisto Korneyl Ibraahim Axmed Magan ( Kornel ibrahim Ok ) prof Maxamuud maxamed Guure Aun oo siyaasi caan ah asigoo xilibaan ah ku dhintay Xamar 2015. Dr. cumar idris sheekh oo ahaa Amb. qadar u fadhiya somalia. Dr ibrahim cali xuseen oo ah Gudoomiyaha hay’ad petrol ka Somaliyeed. Xildhibaan Yusuf Hussein Ahmed Gam'adiid oo noqday Gudoomiyaha gudiga khayraad Baarlamaanka iyo wasiiru dowlaha wasaarada Cadaalada ahna sidoo kale aasaasah iyo xoghayaha guud ee xisbiga Himilo qaran Party. Saneter Osman Ahmed ma’ow. Agaasimaha guud ee wasaarada Ganacsiga iyo warshadaha Somalia Abdiasis Ibrahin Adan. Gudoomiye xigeenka 1aad ee parliamentka Hirshabelle mud Siraaji sheikh Jijeele waxay dhal wagaad yihiinbeelaha jidle, baadicade, ****[[Jijeele]] *****Dudbiye ******Guudwaay *******Iidsuge ********Reer faqay ********Habarwadaag ********Cabdi suge ******Yaaquub ******Makaahiil ******Kulmiye ******Dumaal *****Xaramage ******Reerwabar ******Dharooye ******Shalashame ******Faranjecle *****Kidshe ******sacad ****** dacal ********Ciise ********Waadsuge *****Maxamed jijeele *****Cadow *****Goblajoog == [[Hawiye]] == Hawiye (Af-Carabi: بنو هوية) waa beel ka mida qabiilada Soomaalida, kuwaasi oo ku dhaqan deegaano ka tirsan wadanka [[Soomaaliya]], [[Itoobiya]], iyo [[Kiinya]]. Sida lagu xusay taariikhda, beesha [[Hawiye]] waxay walaalo yihiin Beesha [[Dir]] iyagoo ku wada abtirsada odayga [[Irir Samaale]]. Hawiye ayaa kow ama laba kaga jira badnaanta tirada qabiilooyinka soomaalida, waxay degaan caasimada [[Muqdisho]]. == Deegaanada Beesha == *Gobolka Hiiran **Baladwayne **Caagsibir **Ceel Idaad **Xaajinuur **Maroodile **Baardhuyac **Maxaas **Maqokori **Farlibaax **Ceelcade *Gobolka Bakool **Quracjoome **Ceel barde *Gobolka Bay **Diinasor **Buurhakabe tuulooyinka ay ka dagaan buur hakaba waxaa ka mida : qadiidle rooble sheekh lughabar IWM *sh/ hoose *mubaarak waxaana dagan Rer wabar oo loo garan" Reer cumar" *Gobolka Banadir *Hodan *Howlwadaag *Garasbaaleey *Yaqshiid *waaberi *Howlwadaag *kaxda *Daarusalaam *wadajir *Dharkenley == Sidoo kale fiiri == - [[Beelaha Somalia]] {{Navbox | name = Beelaha Soomaalida | title = [[Soomaali#Beelaha|Beelaha Soomaalida]] | state = {{Jijeele |state=collapsed}}https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CXUwAQAAIAAJ | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Daarood]] | list1 = *[[Absame]] **[[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeen]] *[[Harti]] **[[Reer-Darawiish]] **[[Dishiishe]] **[[Majeerteen]] **[[Warsangali]] *[[Lailkase]] *[[Mareexaan]] **[[Cawlyahan]] | group2 = [[Dir]] | list2 = *[[Gadabuursi]] **[[Habar Cafaan]] **[[Makaahiil]] **[[Beesha Maxamed Case|Maxamed Case]] *[[Ciise (beel)|Ciise]] *[[Isaaq]] **[[Isaaq|Arab]] **[[Habar Awal]] **[[Habar Jeclo]] **[[Isaaq|Garxajis]] ***Habr Yunis ***Ciidangalle *[[Surre (beel)|Surre]] **[[Surre (beel)|Cabdalla & Qubeys]] *[[Biimaal]] **[[Biimaal|Gaadsen]] *[[Garre]] **[[Garre|Quranyow]] *[[Gurgura]] *[[Dir (beel)|Gurre]] *[[Dir (beel)|Garire]] *[[Bursuuk]] *[[Dir (beel)|Bajimal]] | group3 = [[Hawiye]] | list3 = *[[Abgaal]] *[[Habar Gidir]] **[[Cayr (beel)|Cayr]] *[[Jijeele]] **[[Reer Faqay]] *[[Hiraab]] *[[Silcis]] *[[Xawaadle]] *[[Gaaljecel]] *[[Degoodi]] *[[Sheekhaal]] *[[Baadicade]] | group4 = [[Raxanweyn]] | list4 = *[[Raxanweyn|Digil]] *[[Raxanweyn|Mirifle]] | group5 = [[Samaale|Beelaha kale]] | list5 = *[[Garre]] *[[Samaale|Ajuraan]] | group6 = Laga tiro badan yahay | list6 = *[[Madhibaan]] *[[Muuse (beel)|Muuse]] *[[Reerow Xasan]] *[[Yibir]] }}<noinclude> {{doc|content= {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] }} == Tixraac == Waxaa lagu yaqanaa soo dhaweyn dad jecli wanaag nabad jecli beelweynta jijeele MA ahan dad Isla weyni u muujiya walaalaha la degen waa dad aqood diimeed ilaahay ugu maneystay masha allaah dhanka aqoonyahanada lama soo koobi karo maqaalkaan waxaa soo diyaariyey walaalkiin mohamed Abdi ama Google cade wixii aan ka TAGAY si aan u dhameystirno igala soo xariir whatsapp.com +27735848930 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CXUwAQAAIAAJ https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=342555https://www.xpats.io/uk-entry-requirements-non-eea-countries/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=342555https://www.xpats.io/uk-entry-requirements-non-eea-countries/ |date=20230406075833 }} 9cyenwdrj0ghzam640knjuugni5tbdv 0 4827 304120 304063 2026-08-05T15:24:11Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 304120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |16”.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|189px]]<s>[[Bangladesh]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Baakistan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Baakistan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * 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https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 9vct4rylldbqd0iw7ekpennnshnanjj 304121 304120 2026-08-05T15:27:20Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 304121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million³ |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Baakistan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 6l0eq977gyi4bhbfxbndeogxhqh6ix7 304158 304121 2026-08-06T05:19:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Baakistan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |26._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} iaq5ash0xwqlxdzb81vt1elpf1k75ux 0 4897 304122 224414 2026-08-05T18:24:30Z Galactic67 46821 I've edited this article because it was written in very informal language, and filled with personal opinions. 304122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Girl in car with father.jpg|thumb|Aabe iyo gabartiisa]] '''Aabe''' ama '''[[Aabo]]''' ( {{lang-en|father}}) waa [[waalid]]ka [[lab]]ka ah. Aabuhu waa mid ka mida tiirarka ugu muhiimsan ee qoyska soomaaliyeed. Doorka aabuhu waa mid ku dhisan hiddaha iyo dhaqanka bulshada. * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200001494 Father] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g201303/be-a-good-father/ How to Be a Good Father] {{Commonscat|Fathers}} {{qoys}} =Qoraalo Kale= *[[Hooyo]] *[[Qoys]] *[[Waalid]] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Waalid]] [[Category:Waalid]] jl0ertva2agdmjg0sfu79zs0mj16ze4 304123 304122 2026-08-05T18:43:55Z ~2026-43417-88 46822 The article was written in very informal language and contained many personal opinions. I rewrote it to be more formal. 304123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Girl in car with father.jpg|thumb|Aabe iyo gabartiisa]] '''Aabe''' ama '''[[Aabo]]''' ( {{lang-en|father}}) waa [[waalid]]ka [[lab]]ka ah. Aabuhu waa mid ka mida tiirarka ugu muhiimsan ee qoyska Soomaaliyeed. Doorka aabuhu waa mid ku dhisan hiddaha iyo dhaqanka bulshada. Waajibaadka bulshadu saarto aahaha waxa ka mida masruufka iyo ilaalinta qoyska. Dhaqankii reer miyiga, wuxuu masuul ka ahaa xoolaha, daaqsinka, iyo difaaca qoyska. Xilligan casriga ah wuxu badanaa masuul ka yahay dakhliga guriga iyo amniga qoyska. Wuxu sidoo kale ka qayb qaataa barbaarinta iyo tarbiyada caruurta. Aabuhu wuxu qoyska ku matalaa arrimaha qabiilka iyo xeerka Soomaaliyeed. <ref>[[Xeer]]</ref> Aabaha casriga ah ee kunool magaalooyinka ama qurbaha wuxuu la qaybsadaa hooyada daryeelka caruurta iyo shaqada guriga, wuxuuna ku dadaalaa inuu ugudbiyo caruurtiisa afkooda iyo dhaqankooda Soomaaliyeed.<ref>[[Dhaqanka Soomaali|Culture of Somalia]]</ref> * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200001494 Xeer] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g201303/be-a-good-father/ Culture of Somalia] {{Commonscat|Fathers}} {{qoys}} =Qoraalo Kale= *[[Hooyo]] *[[Qoys]] *[[Waalid]] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Waalid]] [[Category:Waalid]] nwin7kt29lkvod7vfbi5ii51c6dj2zm 0 9786 304151 280217 2026-08-06T05:02:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304151 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ISO 4217''' waa halbeeg caalami ah oo qeexaya koodh saddex xaraf ah (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Koodhka lacagta''') ) si loo qeexo magacyada lacagaha , sida ay dejisay Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Halbeega (ISO). Liiska koodka ISO 4217 waa habka caadiga ah ee bangiyada iyo ganacsiga , adduunka oo dhan, si loo qeexo lacagaha kala duwan. Wadamo badan, code-yada lacagaha caadiga ah ayaa si aad ah loo yaqaan, dadweynaha guud ahaan, in sarifka lacagaha lagu qoro wargeysyada ama lagu dhejiyo bangiyada ay isticmaalaan kaliya codesyada si ay u qeexaan lacagaha kala duwan, halkii ay ka tarjumi lahaayeen magacyada lacagta ama calaamadaha lacagta . Koodhka ISO 4217 waxaa loo isticmaalaa tigidhada diyaaradaha iyo tigidhada tareenka caalamiga ah si meesha looga saaro hubanti la'aan kasta oo ku saabsan qiimaha . [[File:Exchange rates display.jpg|thumb|Sicirka sarifka ayaa lagu muujiyaa Xafiiska beddelka liiska magacyada lacagta Ingiriisida iyo koodka ISO 4217. Liiskani wuxuu muujinayaa Boqortooyada Midowday ee Ingiriiska sida ' England ', oo ka mid ah dalalka ay ka kooban tahay, marka lagu daro in Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha ay u muujiso ' Taiwan ' iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo ah ' Kuuriya '.]] [[File:Flugschein.JPG|thumb|Tigidh diyaaradeed oo muujinaya qiimaha ISO 4217 code " EUR " ( bidix hoose]] ==Taariikhda== Sannadkii 1973, Guddiga Farsamada ee ISO 68 wuxuu go'aansaday inuu horumariyo koodhadhka matalaadda lacagaha iyo lacagaha loo isticmaalo codsi kasta oo ganacsi, ganacsi ama bangi. Kalfadhiga 17-aad (February 1978), kooxda khubarada UN / ECE ee la xidhiidha waxay isku raaceen in saddexda xaraf ee koodhka xarfaha ee heerka caalamiga ah ee ISO 4217, "Koodhadhka matalaadda lacagaha iyo lacagaha", ay ku habboon yihiin isticmaalka ganacsiga caalamiga ah. Muddo ka dib, lacago cusub ayaa la abuurayaa waxaana la joojiyay lacagihii hore. Isbeddellada noocan oo kale ah waxay inta badan ka yimaadaan samaynta waddamo cusub, heshiisyada u dhexeeya waddamada lacagaha la wadaago ama ururrada lacagta, ama dib-u-noqoshada lacag jirta sababtoo ah sicir-bararka xad-dhaafka ah. Natiijo ahaan, liiska koodka waa in la cusbooneysiiyaa waqti ka waqti. Wakaaladda dayactirka ee ISO 4217 ayaa mas'uul ka ah ilaalinta liiska codsiyada. ==Noocyada koodhadhka== [[File:South East Asia Exchange Rates (6031878489).jpg|thumb|Liiska sarifka lacagaha saldhiga ah ee kala duwan oo uu bixiyo sarifle ku sugan Thailand, iyadoo Baht-ka Thailand uu yahay lacagta miiska (ama oraahda). Ogow in koodka guusha Kuuriyada Koonfureed uu si khaldan u soo bandhigay; waa inay noqotaa KRW .]] ===Lacagaha dalka=== Marka laga hadlayo lacagaha qaranka, labada xaraf ee ugu horreeya ee koodhka alfa waa labada xaraf ee ISO 3166-1 alfa-2 code-ka waddanka iyo kan saddexaadna inta badan waa bilowga qaybta ugu weyn ee lacagta. Markaa koodhka lacagta Japan waaJPY : "JP" ee Japan iyo "Y" ee yen . Tani waxay meesha ka saaraysaa dhibaatadii ay keeneen magacyada dollarka , farans-ka , peso , iyo pound-ka ee laga isticmaalo wadamo badan, kuwaas oo mid walba uu leeyahay qiimo aad u kala duwan. In kasta oo inta badan koodka ISO uu u eg yahay soo gaabinta lacagta magaca Ingiriisiga oo buuxa, tani had iyo jeer maaha kiiska, sida lacagaha sida Diinaarka Algeria , Aruban florin , Cayman dollar , renminbi , sterling , iyo franc Swiss ayaa loo qoondeeyay codes kuwaas oo aan si dhow ula mid ahayn magacyada lacagta rasmiga ah. Xaaladaha qaarkood, xarafka saddexaad ee koodhka alfa ma aha xarafka hore ee magaca unugga lacagta. Waxaa jiri kara dhowr sababood oo tan: Waxaa loo arkaa inay muhiim tahay in koodhka lacag cusub uu noqdo mid aad u sarreeya haddii ay suurtagal tahay. Tusaale ahaan waa habaynta koodhkaEUR ilaa euro. ISO 4217 wax ka beddelka 94, kaas oo abuuray koodhkan, wuxuu dhigayaa "qalabka koodhka 'EU' waxaa u xafiday Hay'adda Dayactirka ISO 3166 si loogu isticmaalo ISO 4217 halkaasoo 'R' lagu dhejiyay si loo sameeyo koodka mnemonic la aqbali karo." Halkan R wuxuu ka yimid xarafka saddexaad ee ereyga "euro". Lacagta laga hadlayaa waxay beddeshay lacag kale oo isku magac ah, dib-u-qiimaynta awgeed. Si ay labada lacagood u yeeshaan kood kala duwan, xaraf saddexaad oo kala duwan waa in loo doortaa code-ka lacagta cusub. Xaaladaha qaarkood, xarafka saddexaad waa bilowga "cusub" ee luqadda dalkaas, si loo kala saaro lacag duug ah oo dib loo qiimeeyo; koodhka ayaa mararka qaarkood dhaafa isticmaalka ereyga "cusub" laftiisa (tusaale ahaan, koodka Peso Mexico waaMXN , oo ka tarjumaysa dib-u-qiimaynta 1993). Xalka kale ee lacagta dib loo qiimeeyay oo la mid ah magacii hore waa in la doorto xaraf saddexaad taas oo keenta kood 3-xaraf ah oo leh muhiimad mnemonic ah. Tusaale ahaan, Ruble Ruush ka bedelayRUR kuRUB ka dib dib-u-qiimaynta, halkaas oo B ka yimid xarafka saddexaad ee ereyga "ruble". ===Lacagaha X (lacagta, biraha qaaliga ah, kuwa ka sarreeya, kuwa kale) wax ka beddel=== Marka lagu daro koodhadhka lacagaha qaranka ee firfircoon ee ISO 4217 waxay bixisaa codes loogu talagalay lacagaha "supranational", ujeeddooyin habraac ah, iyo waxyaabo badan oo "la mid ah" lacagaha: Koodhadhka biraha qaaliga ah ee dahabka (XAU), silver (XAG), palladium (XPD), iyo platinum (XPT) ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la horgeynayo calaamadda kiimikada ee elementka oo leh xarafka "X". Kuwan "cutubyada lacagta" waxaa lagu qeexaa inay yihiin hal troy ounce oo birta la cayimay. Koodhka XTS waxa loo hayaa in lagu isticmaalo imtixaanka. Koodhka XXX waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu muujiyo "wax kala beddelasho" oo aan ku jirin lacag. Waxa kale oo jira xeerar qeexaya qaar ka mid ah qalabyada lacageed ee loo isticmaalo maaliyadda caalamiga ah, tusaale ahaan XDR waa astaanta sawirka gaarka ah ee ay bixiso Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka ee IMF . Koodhadhka lacagaha ugu sarreeya , sida doollarka Bari ee Kariibiyaanka , faranka CFP , faranka CFA ee BEAC, iyo faranka CFA ee BCEAO. Kuwii ka horreeyay euro, Unugga Lacagta Yurub (ECU), ayaa lahaa code XEU. Isticmaalka xarafka bilowga ah "X" ee ujeeddooyinkan waxaa fududeeyay qaanuunka ISO 3166 ee ah in aan kood rasmi ah oo waddan oo ka bilaabma X waligiis loo qoondayn doonin. Ku darida Midowga Yurub (oo tilmaamaysa Midowga Yurub ) ee ISO 3166-1 liiska kood ee kaydsan ayaa u oggolaanaya euro in lagu calaamadiyo sida EUR halkii loo qoondeyn lahaa kood ka bilaabma X, inkastoo ay tahay lacag ka sarreysa. ===Koodhadhka tirada=== ISO 4217 sidoo kale waxay u qoondaysaa kood lambar saddex-god ah lacag kasta. Koodhkan nambarada ah ayaa badanaa la mid ah koodhka nambarada ee loo qoondeeyay waddanka u dhigma ee ISO 3166-1 . Tusaale ahaan, USD ( Dollarka Maraykanka ) waxay leedahay kood lambareed 840 oo sidoo kale ah ISO 3166-1 code ee "US" (Mareykanka) ==Liiska koodka lacagta ISO 4217== ===Koodhadhka firfircoon=== Kuwa soo socdaa waa liiska koodka firfircoon ee magacyada lacagta rasmiga ah ee ISO 4217 ilaa 1da Janaayo 2024. Halbeegga qiyamka waxaa loo yaqaan "code alfabetic", "code number", "cutubka yar", iyo "qayb" {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Koodhka !! Tirada !! {{nowrap|E<ref name="ReferenceA">Number of digits after the [[decimal separator]].</ref>}} !! Lacagta !! Goobaha lacagtan lagu isticmaalo |- | AED ||784 ||2 ||[[United Arab Emirates dirham]] ||[[United Arab Emirates]] |- | AFN ||971 ||2 ||[[Afghan afghani]] ||[[Afghanistan]] |- | ALL ||008 ||2 ||[[Albanian lek]] ||[[Albania]] |- | AMD ||051 ||2 ||[[Armenian dram]] ||[[Armenia]] |- | ANG ||532 ||2 ||[[Netherlands Antillean guilder]] ||[[Netherlands Antilles]] |- | AOA ||973 ||2 ||[[Angolan kwanza]] ||[[Angola]] |- | ARS ||032 ||2 ||[[Argentine peso]] ||[[Argentina]] |- | AUD ||036 ||2 ||[[Australian dollar]] ||[[Australia]], [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[Christmas Island]], [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]], [[Heard and McDonald Islands]], [[Kiribati]], [[Nauru]], [[Norfolk Island]], [[Tuvalu]] |- | AWG ||533 ||2 ||[[Aruban florin]] ||[[Aruba]] |- | AZN ||944 ||2 ||[[Azerbaijani manat]] ||[[Azerbaijan]] |- | BAM ||977 ||2 ||[[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark]] ||[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |- | BBD ||052 ||2 ||[[Barbados dollar]] ||[[Barbados]] |- | BDT ||050 ||2 ||[[Bangladeshi taka]] ||[[Bangladesh]] |- | BGN ||975 ||2 ||[[Bulgarian lev]] ||[[Bulgaria]] |- | BHD ||048 ||3 ||[[Bahraini dinar]] ||[[Bahrain]] |- | BIF ||108 ||0 ||[[Burundian franc]] ||[[Burundi]] |- | BMD ||060 ||2 ||[[Bermudian dollar]] (aka Bermuda dollar) ||[[Bermuda]] |- | BND ||096 ||2 ||[[Brunei dollar]] ||[[Brunei]], [[Singapore]] |- | BOB ||068 ||2 ||[[Boliviano]] ||[[Bolivia]] |- | BOV ||984 ||2 ||Bolivian Mvdol (funds code) ||[[Bolivia]] |- | BRL ||986 ||2 ||[[Brazilian real]] ||[[Brazil]] |- | BSD ||044 ||2 ||[[Bahamian dollar]] ||[[Bahamas]] |- | BTN ||064 ||2 ||[[Bhutanese ngultrum]] ||[[Bhutan]] |- | BWP ||072 ||2 ||[[Botswana pula]] ||[[Botswana]] |- | BYR ||974 ||0 ||[[Belarusian ruble]]<!--ISO spelling--> ||[[Belarus]] |- | BZD ||084 ||2 ||[[Belize dollar]] ||[[Belize]] |- | CAD ||124 ||2 ||[[Canadian dollar]] ||[[Canada]] |- | CDF ||976 ||2 ||[[Congolese franc]] ||[[Democratic Republic of Congo]] |- | CHE ||947 ||2 ||[[WIR Bank]] ([[complementary currency]]) ||[[Switzerland]] |- | CHF ||756 ||2 ||[[Swiss franc]] ||[[Switzerland]], [[Liechtenstein]] |- | CHW ||948 ||2 ||[[WIR Bank]] ([[complementary currency]]) ||[[Switzerland]] |- | CLF ||990 ||0 ||[[Unidad de Fomento]] (funds code) ||[[Chile]] |- | CLP ||152 ||0 ||[[Chilean peso]] ||[[Chile]] |- | CNY ||156 ||2 ||[[Renminbi|Chinese yuan]] ||[[China]] (Mainland) |- | COP ||170 ||2 ||[[Colombian peso]] ||[[Colombia]] |- | COU ||970 ||2 ||[[Unidad de Valor Real]] ||[[Colombia]] |- | CRC ||188 ||2 ||[[Costa Rican colon]] ||[[Costa Rica]] |- | CUP ||192 ||2 ||[[Cuban peso]] ||[[Cuba]] |- | CVE ||132 ||0 ||[[Cape Verde escudo]] ||[[Cape Verde]] |- | CZK ||203 ||2 ||[[Czech koruna]] ||[[Czech Republic]] |- | DJF ||262 ||0 ||[[Djiboutian franc]] ||[[Djibouti]] |- | DKK ||208 ||2 ||[[Danish krone]] ||[[Denmark]], [[Faroe Islands]], [[Greenland]] |- | DOP ||214 ||2 ||[[Dominican peso]] ||[[Dominican Republic]] |- | DZD ||012 ||2 ||[[Algerian dinar]] ||[[Algeria]] |- | EEK ||233 ||2 ||[[Estonian kroon]] ||[[Estonia]] |- | EGP ||818 ||2 ||[[Egyptian pound]] ||[[Egypt]] |- | ERN ||232 ||2 ||[[Eritrean nakfa]] ||[[Eritrea]] |- | ETB ||230 ||2 ||[[Ethiopian birr]] ||[[Ethiopia]] |- | EUR ||978 ||2 ||[[Euro]] ||[[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Croatia]], [[Cyprus]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Malta]], [[Netherlands]], [[Portugal]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spain]];<br />[[Andorra]], [[Monaco]], [[San Marino]], [[Vatican City]];<br />[[Kosovo]], [[Montenegro]] |- | FJD ||242 ||2 ||[[Fiji dollar]] ||[[Fiji]] |- | FKP ||238 ||2 ||[[Falkland Islands pound]] ||[[Falkland Islands]] |- | GBP ||826 ||2 ||[[Pound sterling]] ||[[United Kingdom]], [[Crown Dependencies]] (the [[Isle of Man]] and the [[Channel Islands]]), certain [[British Overseas Territories]] ([[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]], [[British Antarctic Territory]] and [[British Indian Ocean Territory]]) |- | GEL ||981 ||2 ||[[Georgian lari]] ||[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |- | GHS ||936 ||2 ||[[Ghanaian cedi]] ||[[Ghana]] |- | GIP ||292 ||2 ||[[Gibraltar pound]] ||[[Gibraltar]] |- | GMD ||270 ||2 ||[[Gambian dalasi]] ||[[Gambia]] |- | GNF ||324 ||0 ||[[Guinean franc]] ||[[Guinea]] |- | GTQ ||320 ||2 ||[[Guatemalan quetzal]] ||[[Guatemala]] |- | GYD ||328 ||2 ||[[Guyanese dollar]] ||[[Guyana]] |- | HKD ||344 ||2 ||[[Hong Kong dollar]] ||[[Hong Kong]] [[Special Administrative Region (People's Republic of China)|Special Administrative Region]], [[Macau]] [[Special Administrative Region (People's Republic of China)|Special Administrative Region]] |- | HNL ||340 ||2 ||[[Honduran lempira]] ||[[Honduras]] |- | HTG ||332 ||2 ||[[Haitian gourde]] ||[[Haiti]] |- | HUF ||348 ||2 ||[[Hungarian forint]] ||[[Hungary]] |- | IDR ||360 ||0 ||[[Indonesian rupiah]] ||[[Indonesia]] |- | ILS ||376 ||2 ||[[Israeli new sheqel]] ||[[Israel]], [[Palestine]] |- | INR ||356 ||2 ||[[Indian rupee]] ||[[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]] |- | IQD ||368 ||3 ||[[Iraqi dinar]] ||[[Iraq]] |- | IRR ||364 ||0 ||[[Iranian rial]] ||[[Iran]] |- | ISK ||352 ||0 ||[[Icelandic króna]] ||[[Iceland]] |- | JMD ||388 ||2 ||[[Jamaican dollar]] ||[[Jamaica]] |- | JOD ||400 ||3 ||[[Jordanian dinar]] ||[[Jordan]] |- | JPY ||392 ||0 ||[[Japanese yen]] ||[[Japan]] |- | KES ||404 ||2 ||[[Kenyan shilling]] ||[[Kenya]] |- | KGS ||417 ||2 ||[[Kyrgyzstani som]] ||[[Kyrgyzstan]] |- | KHR ||116 ||0 ||[[Cambodian riel]] ||[[Cambodia]] |- | KMF ||174 ||0 ||[[Comoro franc]] ||[[Comoros]] |- | KPW ||408 ||0 ||[[North Korean won]] ||[[North Korea]] |- | KRW ||410 ||0 ||[[South Korean won]] ||[[South Korea]] |- | KWD ||414 ||3 ||[[Kuwaiti dinar]] ||[[Kuwait]] |- | KYD ||136 ||2 ||[[Cayman Islands dollar]] ||[[Cayman Islands]] |- | KZT ||398 ||2 ||[[Kazakhstani tenge]] ||[[Kazakhstan]] |- | LAK ||418 ||0 ||[[Lao kip]] ||[[Laos]] |- | LBP ||422 ||0 ||[[Lebanese pound]] ||[[Lebanon]] |- | LKR ||144 ||2 ||[[Sri Lankan rupee|Sri Lanka rupee]] ||[[Sri Lanka]] |- | LRD ||430 ||2 ||[[Liberian dollar]] ||[[Liberia]] |- | LSL ||426 ||2 ||[[Lesotho loti]] ||[[Lesotho]] |- | LVL ||428 ||2 ||[[Latvian lats]] ||[[Latvia]] |- | LYD ||434 ||3 ||[[Libyan dinar]] ||[[Libya]] |- | MAD ||504 ||2 ||[[Moroccan dirham]] ||[[Morocco]], [[Western Sahara]] |- | MDL ||498 ||2 ||[[Moldovan leu]] ||[[Moldova]] (except [[Transnistria]]) |- | MGA ||969 ||2 ||[[Malagasy ariary]] ||[[Madagascar]] |- | MKD ||807 ||2 ||[[Macedonian denar]] ||[[Republic of North Macedonia]] |- | MMK ||104 ||0 ||[[Myanma kyat]] ||[[Myanmar]] |- | MNT ||496 ||2 ||[[Mongolian tögrög|Mongolian tugrik]] ||[[Mongolia]] |- | MOP ||446 ||1 ||[[Macanese pataca]] ||[[Macau]] [[Special Administrative Region (People's Republic of China)|Special Administrative Region]] |- | MRU ||478 ||2 ||[[Mauritanian ouguiya]] ||[[Mauritania]] |- | MUR ||480 ||2 ||[[Mauritian rupee]] ||[[Mauritius]] |- | MVR ||462 ||2 ||[[Maldivian rufiyaa]] ||[[Maldives]] |- | MWK ||454 ||2 ||[[Malawian kwacha]] ||[[Malawi]] |- | MXN ||484 ||2 ||[[Mexican peso]] ||[[Mexico]] |- | MXV ||979 ||2 ||[[Mexican Unidad de Inversion]] (UDI) (funds code) ||[[Mexico]] |- | MYR ||458 ||2 ||[[Malaysian ringgit]] ||[[Malaysia]] |- | MZN ||943 ||2 ||[[Mozambican metical]] ||[[Mozambique]] |- | NAD ||516 ||2 ||[[Namibian dollar]] ||[[Namibia]] |- | NGN ||566 ||2 ||[[Nigerian naira]] ||[[Nigeria]] |- | NIO ||558 ||2 ||[[Cordoba oro]] ||[[Nicaragua]] |- | NOK ||578 ||2 ||[[Norwegian krone]] ||[[Norway]], [[Bouvet Island]], [[Queen Maud Land]], [[Peter I Island]] |- | NPR ||524 ||2 ||[[Nepalese rupee]] ||[[Nepal]] |- | NZD ||554 ||2 ||[[New Zealand dollar]] ||[[Cook Islands]], [[New Zealand]], [[Niue]], [[Pitcairn]], [[Tokelau]] |- | OMR ||512 ||3 ||[[Omani rial]] ||[[Oman]] |- | PAB ||590 ||2 ||[[Panamanian balboa]] ||[[Panama]] |- | PEN ||604 ||2 ||[[Peruvian nuevo sol]] ||[[Peru]] |- | PGK ||598 ||2 ||[[Papua New Guinean kina]] ||[[Papua New Guinea]] |- | PHP ||608 ||2 ||[[Philippine peso]] ||[[Philippines]] |- | PKR ||586 ||2 ||[[Pakistani rupee]] ||[[Pakistan]] |- | PLN ||985 ||2 ||[[Polish złoty]] ||[[Poland]] |- | PYG ||600 ||0 ||[[Paraguayan guaraní]] ||[[Paraguay]] |- | QAR ||634 ||2 ||[[Qatari rial]] ||[[Qatar]] |- | RON ||946 ||2 ||[[Romanian Leu|Romanian new leu]] ||[[Romania]] |- | RSD ||941 ||2 ||[[Serbian dinar]] ||[[Serbia]] |- | RUB ||643 ||2 ||[[Russian rouble]] ||[[Russia]], [[Abkhazia]], [[South Ossetia]] |- | RWF ||646 ||0 ||[[Rwandan franc]] ||[[Rwanda]] |- | SAR ||682 ||2 ||[[Saudi riyal]] ||[[Saudi Arabia]] |- | SBD ||090 ||2 ||[[Solomon Islands dollar]] ||[[Solomon Islands]] |- | SCR ||690 ||2 ||[[Seychelles rupee]] ||[[Seychelles]] |- | SDG ||938 ||2 ||[[Sudanese pound]] ||[[Sudan]] |- | SEK ||752 ||2 ||[[Swedish krona]]/kronor ||[[Sweden]] |- | SGD ||702 ||2 ||[[Singapore dollar]] ||[[Singapore]], [[Brunei]] |- | SHP ||654 ||2 ||[[Saint Helena pound]] ||[[Saint Helena]] |- | SLL ||694 ||0 ||[[Sierra Leonean leone]] ||[[Sierra Leone]] |- | SOS ||706 ||2 ||[[Somali shilling]] ||[[Somalia]] (except [[Somaliland]]) |- | SRD ||968 ||2 ||[[Surinamese dollar]] ||[[Suriname]] |- | STD ||678 ||0 ||[[São Tomé and Príncipe dobra]] ||[[São Tomé and Príncipe]] |- | SYP ||760 ||2 ||[[Syrian pound]] ||[[Syria]] |- | SZL ||748 ||2 ||[[Lilangeni]] ||[[Swaziland]] |- | THB ||764 ||2 ||[[Thai baht]] ||[[Thailand]] |- | TJS ||972 ||2 ||[[Tajikistani somoni]] ||[[Tajikistan]] |- | TMT ||934 ||2 ||[[Turkmenistani manat]] ||[[Turkmenistan]] |- | TND ||788 ||3 ||[[Tunisian dinar]] ||[[Tunisia]] |- | TOP ||776 ||2 ||[[Tongan paʻanga]] ||[[Tonga]] |- | TRY ||949 ||2 ||[[Turkish lira]] ||[[Turkey]], [[Northern Cyprus]] |- | TTD ||780 ||2 ||[[Trinidad and Tobago dollar]] ||[[Trinidad and Tobago]] |- | TWD ||901 ||1 ||[[New Taiwan dollar]] ||[[Taiwan]] and [[List of islands of the Republic of China|other islands]] that are under the effective control of the [[Republic of China]] (ROC) |- | TZS ||834 ||2 ||[[Tanzanian shilling]] ||[[Tanzania]] |- | UAH ||980 ||2 ||[[Ukrainian hryvnia]] ||[[Ukraine]] |- | UGX ||800 ||0 ||[[Ugandan shilling]] ||[[Uganda]] |- | USD ||840 ||2 ||[[United States dollar]] ||[[American Samoa]], [[British Indian Ocean Territory]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guam]], [[Haiti]], [[Marshall Islands]], [[Micronesia]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Panama]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Timor-Leste]], [[Turks and Caicos Islands]], [[United States]], [[Virgin Islands]], [[Bermuda]] (as well as [[Bermudian Dollar]]) |- | USN ||997 ||2 ||United States dollar (next day) (funds code) ||[[United States]] |- | UYU ||858 ||2 ||[[Uruguayan peso]] ||[[Uruguay]] |- | UZS ||860 ||2 ||[[Uzbekistan som]] ||[[Uzbekistan]] |- | VEF ||937 ||2 ||[[Venezuelan bolívar|Venezuelan bolívar fuerte]] ||[[Venezuela]] |- | VND ||704 ||0 ||[[Vietnamese đồng]] ||[[Vietnam]] |- | VUV ||548 ||0 ||[[Vanuatu vatu]] ||[[Vanuatu]] |- | WST ||882 ||2 ||[[Samoan tala]] ||[[Samoa]] |- | XAF ||950 ||0 ||[[Central African CFA franc|CFA franc BEAC]] ||[[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Chad]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]] |- | XAG ||961 ||— ||[[Silver]] (one [[troy ounce]]) || |- | XAU ||959 ||— ||[[Gold]] (one [[troy ounce]]) || |- | XBA ||955 ||— ||[[European Composite Unit]] ||(EURCO) (bond market unit) |- | XBB ||956 ||— ||[[European Monetary Unit]] ||(E.M.U.-6) (bond market unit) |- | XBC ||957 ||— ||[[European Unit of Account 9]] ||(E.U.A.-9) (bond market unit) |- | XBD ||958 ||— ||[[European Unit of Account 17]] ||(E.U.A.-17) (bond market unit) |- | XCD ||951 ||2 ||[[East Caribbean dollar]] ||[[Anguilla]], [[Antigua and Barbuda]], [[Dominica]], [[Grenada]], [[Montserrat]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] |- | XDR ||960 ||— ||[[Special Drawing Rights]] ||[[International Monetary Fund]] |- | XFU ||Nil ||— ||[[UIC franc]] (special settlement currency) ||[[International Union of Railways]] |- | XOF ||952 ||0 ||[[West African CFA franc|CFA Franc BCEAO]] ||[[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]], [[Togo]] |- | XPD ||964 ||— ||[[Palladium]] || (one [[troy ounce]]) |- | XPF ||953 ||0 ||[[CFP franc]] ||[[French Polynesia]], [[New Caledonia]], [[Wallis and Futuna]] |- | XPT ||962 ||— ||[[Platinum]] || (one [[troy ounce]]) |- | XTS ||963 ||— ||||Code reserved for testing purposes |- | XXX ||999 ||— ||||No currency |- | YER ||886 ||0 ||[[Yemeni rial]] ||[[Yemen]] |- | ZAR ||710 ||2 ||[[South African rand]] ||[[South Africa]] |- | ZMK ||894 ||0 ||[[Zambian kwacha]] ||[[Zambia]] |- | ZWL ||932 ||2 ||[[Zimbabwe dollar]] ||[[Zimbabwe]] |} ===Koodhadhka aan rasmiga ahayn=== Kuwa soo socdaa waa kood firfircoon oo aan rasmi ahayn oo ku dayanaya qaabka ISO 4217. {| class=wikitable |- ! Kood !! Num !! {{nowrap|E<ref name="ReferenceA"/>}} !! Lacagta !! Goobaha lacagtan lagu isticmaalo !! Xusuusin |- | BTC ||Nil ||8<ref name="bitcoinfaq">{{cite web | url=http://www.bitcoin.org/faq#How_divisible_are_Bitcoins | title=Bitcoin FAQ | accessdate=2010-08-12 }}</ref> ||[[Bitcoin]] ||Global (internet-based, anonymous [[electronic money]]) ||Loo isticmaalo goobaha ganacsiga ee Bitcoin, iyo waraaqaha mashruuca Bitcoin ee rasmiga ah<ref name="bitcoinfaq"/><ref name="bitcointrade">{{cite web | title=Trade Bitcoins | url=http://www.bitcoin.org/trade | accessdate=2010-08-12 }}</ref> |} ==Aan lahayn koodka lacagta== Tiro dhulal ah kuma jiraan ISO 4217, sababtoo ah lacagahooda waa: (a) midkiiba waa lacag madax banaan laakiin waa kala duwanaanshiyaha lacag kale, (b) hindise sharci ah oo kaliya oo loo soo saaray sidii warqado xusuus ah iyo/ama qadaadiic, ama (c) lacag dawlad aan la aqoonsan ama qayb ahaan la aqoonsan yahay . Lacagahan ayaa kala ah: Alderney pound (1:1 lagu dhajiyay pound-ka) Doolarka jasiiradaha Cook (1:1 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay dollarka New Zealand) Faroese króna (1:1 ayaa lagu dhejiyay krone Danishka) Pound Guernsey (1:1 lagu dhejiyay pound-ka Sterling) Isle of Man pound (1:1 lagu dhejiyay pound-ka) Pound Jersey (1:1 lagu dhejiyay pound-ka Sterling) Doolarka Kiribati (1:1 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay Doolarka Australia) Maltese scudo (1:0.24 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay euro [ 4 ] ) Shilinka Somaliland (Xaaladda wax soo saarka waxa loo arkaa de jure qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya , sarifka lacagta ma go'an) Ruble Transnistrian (xaaladda arrinta waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay qayb ka mid ah Moldova ) Doolarka Tuvaluan (1:1 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay Doolarka Australia) Koodhadhka soo socda ee aan ISO ahayn ayaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mararka qaarkood ganacsi ahaan loo isticmaalo ==Koodhadhka lacagta duugga ah== Tiro lacag ah ayaa ahaa ISO 4217 codes lacageed iyo magacyo lacag ah ilaa laga beddelayo euro ama lacago kale. Ogsoonow in magacyada lacagta ee hoos lagu isticmaalo laga yaabo inaysan u dhigmin magacyada lacagta lagu isticmaalo heerka ISO laftiisa, laakiin koodhku way iswaafaqayaan {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Koodhka !! Tirada !! {{nowrap|E<ref name="ReferenceA"/>}} !! Lacagta !! Ka !! ilaa<br />-01-01 !! Waxaa bedelay |- | ADF ||… ||2 ||[[Andorran franc]] (1:1 lacagta faransiiska) ||? ||1999 ||rowspan=24 |'''EUR''' |- | ADP ||020 ||0 ||[[Andorran peseta]] (1:1 ku dhufo[[Spanish peseta]]) ||? ||1999 |- | ATS ||040 ||2 ||[[Austrian schilling]] ||1945 ||1999 |- | BEF ||056 ||1 ||[[Belgian franc]] (Ururka lacagta ee LUF) ||1832 ||1999 |- | CUC ||931 ||2 ||[[Cuban convertible peso]] ||1994 ||2022 ||CUP |- | CYP ||196 ||2 ||[[Cypriot pound]] ||1879 ||2008 |- | DEM ||276 ||2 ||[[German mark]] ||1948 ||1999 |- | ESP ||724 ||0 ||[[Spanish peseta]] ||1869 ||1999 |- | FIM ||246 ||2 ||[[Finnish markka]] ||1860 ||1999 |- | FRF ||250 ||2 ||[[French franc]] ||1960 ||1999 |- | GRD ||300 ||0 ||[[Greek drachma]] ||1954 ||2001 |- | HRK ||191 ||2 ||[[Croatian kuna]] ||1992 ||2023 |- | IEP ||372 ||2 ||[[Irish pound]] (ku qor afka Irishka) ||1938 ||1999 |- | ITL ||380 ||0 ||[[Italian lira]] ||1861 ||1999 |- | LTL ||440 ||2 ||[[Lithuanian litas]] ||1992 ||2015 |- | LUF ||442 ||1 ||[[Luxembourg franc]] midowga lacagta leh ( BEF) ||1944 ||1999 |- | MCF ||… ||1 ||[[Monegasque franc]] (midowga lacagta lehFRF) ||1960 ||1999 |- | MTL ||470 ||2 ||[[Maltese lira]] ||1968<ref name="Fatepapermoney">{{cite web|url=http://news.goldseek.com/GoldSeek/1214842037.php |title=Fate of Paper Money |publisher=News.goldseek.com |date=2008-06-30 |accessdate=2010-09-01}}</ref>||2008 |- | NLG ||528 ||2 ||[[Netherlands guilder]] ||1810s ||1999 |- | PTE ||620 ||0 ||[[Portuguese escudo]] ||1911-05-22 ||1999 |- | SIT ||705 ||1 ||[[Slovenian tolar]] ||1991-10-08 ||2007 |- | SKK ||703 ||1 ||[[Slovak koruna]] ||1993-02-08 ||2009 |- | SML ||… ||0 ||[[San Marinese lira]] (Ururka lacagta ee ITL iyo VAL) ||1864 ||1999 |- | VAL ||… ||0 ||[[Vatican lira]] (Ururka lacagta ee ITL iyo SML ||1929 ||1999 |- | XEU ||954 ||. ||[[European Currency Unit]] (1 XEU = 1 EUR) ||? ||1999 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Code !! Num !! {{nowrap|E<ref name="ReferenceA"/>}} !! Currency !! From !! Until !! Replaced by |- | AFA ||004 || ||[[Afghan afghani]] ||1925 ||2003 ||AFN |- | AON ||024 ||0 ||[[Angolan kwanza|Angolan new kwanza]] ||1990 ||1995 ||AOR |- | AOR ||982 ||0 ||[[Angolan kwanza|Angolan kwanza readjustado]] ||1995 ||1999 ||AOA |- | ARL ||… ||2 ||[[Argentine peso ley]] ||1970-01-01 ||1983-05-05 ||ARP |- | ARP ||… ||2 ||[[Argentine peso argentino]] ||1983-06-06 ||1985-06-14 ||ARA |- | ARA ||… ||2 ||[[Argentine austral]] ||1985-06-15 ||1991-12-31 ||ARS |- | AZM ||031 ||0 ||[[Azerbaijani manat]] ||1992-08-15 ||2006-01-01 ||AZN |- | BDT || ||1 ||[[Bangladeshi Taka]] ||February 1972 ||Still in use||— |- | BGL ||100 ||2 ||Bulgarian lev A/99 ||1962 ||1999-07-05 ||BGN |- | BOP ||… ||2 ||[[Bolivian peso]] ||1963-01-01 ||1987-01-01 ||BOB |- | BRB ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzeiro]] novo ||1967 ||1986 ||BRC |- | BRC ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzado]] ||1986 ||1989 ||BRN |- | BRE ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzeiro]] ||1990 ||1993 ||BRR |- | BRN ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzado novo]] ||1989-01-15 ||1990-03-15 ||BRE |- | BRR ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzeiro real]] ||1993-08-01 ||1994 ||BRL |- | CSD ||891 ||2 ||[[Serbian dinar]] ||2003-07-03 ||2006 ||RSD |- | CSK ||200 || ||[[Czechoslovak koruna]] ||? ||1993-02-08 ||CZK and SKK |- | DDM ||278 || ||[[East German Mark]] ee ah [[GDR]] (Bari Jarmalka) ||1948-06-21 ||1990-07-01 ||DEM |- | ECS ||218 ||0 ||[[Ecuadorian sucre]] ||? ||2000 ||USD |- | ECV ||983 ||. ||Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (code sanduuqa) (la joojiyay) ||1993 ||2000-01-09 ||— |- | GQE ||… || ||[[Equatorial Guinean ekwele]] ||1975 ||1985 ||XAF |- | ESA ||996 || ||Spanish peseta (account A) ||? ||? ||ESP |- | ESB ||995 || ||peseta Isbaanishka (koontada B) ||? ||? ||ESP |- | GNE ||… || ||[[Guinean syli]] ||1971 ||1985 ||GNF |- | GHC ||288 ||0 ||[[Ghanaian cedi]] ||1967 ||2007-07-01 ||GHS |- | GWP ||624 || ||[[Guinea-Bissau peso]] ||1975 ||1997 ||XOF |- | ILP ||… ||3, 2 ||[[Israeli lira]] ||1948 ||1980 ||ILR |- | ILR ||… ||2 ||[[Old Israeli shekel|Israeli shekel]] ||1980-02-24 ||1985-12-31 ||ILS |- | ISJ ||… ||0 ||[[Icelandic old krona]] ||? ||1981 ||ISK |- | LAJ ||… || ||[[Lao kip]] ||? ||1979 ||LAK |- | MAF ||… ||– ||[[Moroccan franc]] ||1921 ||1960–1976 ||MADeu |- | MGF ||450 || ||[[Malagasy franc]] ||1963-07-01 ||2005-01-01 ||MGA |- | MKN ||… || ||[[Macedonian denar|Old Macedonian denar]] A/93 ||? ||1993 ||MKD |- | MLF ||… || ||[[Malian franc|Mali franc]] ||? ||1984 ||XOF |- | MVQ ||… || ||[[Maldivian rupee]] ||? ||1981 ||MVR |- | MXP ||… || ||[[Mexican peso]] ||? ||1993 ||MXN |- | MZM ||508 ||0 ||[[Mozambican metical]] ||1980 ||2006-06-30 ||MZN |- | NFD ||… ||2 ||[[Newfoundland dollar]] ||1865 ||1949 ||CAD |- | PEH ||… || ||[[Peruvian sol]] ||1863 ||1985-02-01 ||PEI |- | PEI ||… || ||[[Peruvian inti]] ||1985-02-01 ||1991-10-01 ||PEN |- | PLZ ||616 || ||[[Polish zloty]] A/94 ||? ||1995 ||PLN |- | ROL ||642 || ||[[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 ||? ||2005 ||RON |- | RUR ||810 || ||[[Russian rouble]] A/97 ||1992 ||1997-12-31 ||RUB |- | SDD ||736 || ||[[Sudanese dinar]] ||1992-06-08 ||2007-01-10 ||SDG |- | SRG ||740 || ||[[Surinamese guilder|Suriname guilder]] ||? ||2004 ||SRD |- | SUR ||… || ||[[Soviet rouble|Soviet Union rouble]] ||1961 ||1991 ||RUR |- | SVC ||222 ||2 ||[[Salvadoran colón]] ||1892 ||2001 ||USD |- | TJR ||762 || ||[[Tajikistani ruble]] ||1995-05-10 ||2000-10-30 ||TJS |- | TMM ||795 ||0 ||[[Turkmenistani manat]] ||1993-11-01 ||2008-12-31 ||TMT |- | TRL ||792 ||0 ||[[Turkish lira]] A/05 ||? ||2005 ||TRY |- | UAK ||804 || ||[[Ukrainian karbovanets]] ||? ||1996-09-02 ||UAH |- | UGS ||… || ||[[Ugandan shilling]] A/87 ||? ||1987 ||UGX |- | USS ||998 ||2 ||Doolarka Maraykanka (isku maalin) (koodhka lacagaha) || ||||— |- | UYN ||… || ||[[Uruguay old peso]] ||? ||1993-03-01 ||UYU |- | VEB ||862 ||2 ||[[Venezuelan bolívar]] ||? ||2008-01-01 ||VEF |- | XFO ||… || ||[[Gold franc]] (lacagta dejinta gaarka ah) ||? ||2003 ||XDR |- | YDD ||720 || ||[[South Yemeni dinar]] ||? ||1996-06-11 ||YER |- | YUD ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1966-01-01 ||1989-12-31 ||YUN |- | YUN ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1990-01-01 ||1992-06-30 ||YUR |- | YUR ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1992-07-01 ||1993-09-30 ||YUO |- | YUO ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1993-10-01 ||1993-12-31 ||YUG |- | YUG ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1994-01-01 ||1994-01-23 ||YUM |- | YUM ||891 ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1994-01-24 ||2003-07-02 ||CSD |- | ZAL ||991 ||. ||Koonfur Afrika [[financial rand]] (code sanduuqa) (la joojiyay) ||1985-09-01 ||1995-03-13 ||— |- | ZRN ||180 ||2 ||[[Zaïrean new zaïre]] ||1993 ||1997 ||CDF |- | ZRZ ||… ||3 ||[[Zaïrean zaïre]] ||1967 ||1993 ||ZRN |- | ZWC ||… ||2 ||[[Rhodesian dollar]] ||1970-02-17 ||1980 ||ZWD |- | ZWD ||716 ||2 ||[[Zimbabwean dollar]] A/06 ||1980-04-18 ||2006-07-31 ||ZWN |- | ZWN ||942 ||2 ||[[Zimbabwean dollar]] A/08 ||2006-08-01 ||2008-07-31 ||ZWR |- | ZWR ||935 ||2 ||[[Zimbabwean dollar]] A/09 ||2008-08-01 ||2009-02-02 ||ZWL |} ==Faahfaahinta lacagta== ===Qaybaha unugyada yaryar=== Daabacaadda 2008 (7aad) ee ISO 4217 waxay leedahay waxyaalahan soo socda oo ku saabsan unugyada lacagta yar: Shuruudo ayaa mararka qaarkood soo baxa qiyamka lagu muujinayo qaybo yar oo lacag ah. Marka tani dhacdo, waa lagama maarmaan in la ogaado xiriirka tobanlaha ah ee ka dhexeeya lacagta ay khusayso iyo qaybteeda yar. Haddaba xogtan ayaa lagu daray heerkan caalamiga ah waxaana lagu muujiyey tiirka cinwaankiisu yahay "Unugga Yar" ee Jadwalka A.1 iyo A.2; "0" macnaheedu waa in aanay jirin unug yar oo lacagtaas ah, halka "1", "2" iyo "3" ay tilmaamayaan saamiga 10:1, 100:1 iyo1000 :1 siday u kala horreeyaan. Magacyada unugyada yaryar lama sheegin. Tusaalooyinka saamiga100 :1 iyo1000 :1 waxa ku jira dollarka Maraykanka iyo dinaarka Bahraini , kaas oo tiirka cinwaankiisu yahay "Minor unit" uu muujinayo "2" iyo "3", siday u kala horreeyaan. Laga bilaabo 2021 , laba lacagood ayaa leh saamiyo aan tobanle ahayn, ouguiya Mauritania iyo ariary Malagasy ; labada xaaladoodba saamigu waa 5:1. Kuwan, tiirka "cutubka yar" wuxuu muujinayaa lambarka "2". Lacagaha qaar, sida faranka Burundi , dhab ahaantii ma haystaan ​​wax lacag ah oo yar. Kuwani waxay muujinayaan lambarka "0", sida lacagaha aan cutubyadooda yar-yar la isticmaalin qiimaha dayacan awgeed. ===Booska koodka qaabaynta qaddarka=== Heerka ISO 4217 ma nidaamiyo kala dheereynta, horgalayaasha ama ku dhejinta isticmaalka koodhka lacagta. Hagaha qaabka Xafiiska Daabacaada Midowga Yurub wuxuu caddaynayaa in qoraallada ay soo saareen ama loo soo mariyey Komishanka ee Ingiriisiga , Irishka , Latvia , iyo Malta , koodka ISO 4217 waa in lagu raaco "meel adag" ( meel aan jabin ) iyo qaddarka: lacag dhan 30 Euro iyo qoraalada Bulgaariya , Croatian , Czech , Danish , Dutch , Istooniyaan , Finnish , Faransiis , Jarmal , Greek , Hungarian , Talyaani , Lithuanian , Polish , Bortuqiis , Romanian , Slovak , Slovene , Isbaanish , iyo Iswidhishka amarka waa rogaal celis; Qadarka waxaa raacaya meel aan jabin iyo koodka ISO 4217: wuxuu ahaa 30 Euro Sida lagu muujiyay, nidaamka laguma go'aamiyo lacagta laakiin waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa luqadda hooyo ee macnaha guud. ===USD, USN: laba lambar oo lacagta Maraykanka === Doolarka Maraykanku dhab ahaantii wuxuu leeyahay saddex lambar oo loo qoondeeyay: USD, USS (isku maalin) iyo USN (maalinta xigta). Marka loo eego tallada UN/CEFACT 9, cutubyada 8-9 ECE/TRADE/203, 1996, oo laga heli karo online Archived 2010-06-26 ee Mashiinka Wayback : 8. Codsiyada halka agabka lacageed ee laxidhiidha lacag (tusaale ahaan lacagaha) aan loo baahnayn in la cayimo iyo halka aqoonsiga goobta ee tilmaamaya lacagta la isticmaalo, labada xaraf ee ugu horeeya (bidix) ayaa ku filan in lagu aqoonsado lacag-tusaale: US Dollarka Maraykanka guud ahaan, ujeeddooyin aan la cayimin halka aqoonsiga goobta ee tilmaamaya lacagtu uu joogo. (Aqoonsigu wuxuu noqon karaa goob hore loo daabacay oo cinwaankeedu yahay dukumeenti toosan ama codsi la mid ah oo lagu heshiiyey gudbinta xogta elektaroonigga ah.) 9. Codsiyada ay jirto baahi loo qabo in la kala saaro noocyada kala duwan ee lacagaha, ama meelaha lacagaha looga baahan yahay sida jawiga bangiyada, ama meesha aysan jirin aqoonsi goobeed, saddexaad (xaq u) dabeecadda koodka alifbeetada waa tilmaame, gaar ahaan mnemonic, oo laga soo qaatay magaca qaybta lacagta weyn ama sanduuqa - tusaale ahaan: USD guud ahaan, ujeedooyin aan la cayimin; USN ee lacagta Maraykanka dollarka maalinta xigta, iyo USS ee miisaaniyadaha kuwaas oo isla markiiba diyaar u ah wareejinta Kaydka Federaalka, ka saarista lacag caddaan ah ama ku wareejinta sida lacagaha (lacag-maalinta isla-maalinta ah). Maaddaama aysan jirin baahi loo qabo kala soociddan codsiyada ganacsiga caalamiga ah, code-yada lacagaha laguma darin Lifaaqa soo-jeedinta hadda. ==Tixraacyo== [https://www.bitcoin.org/trade "Bitcoins ka ganacsiga"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090611183044/http://www.orderofmalta.org/site/infonumi.asp?idlingua=5 "Amarka Boqortooyada Malta - goobta rasmiga ah"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20061031165137/http://www.lloydstsbcorporatemarkets.com/glossary/currencies.asp "Lloyds TSB Suuqyada Shirkadaha - Lacagaha Wadamada iyo Koodhadhka"] [http://news.goldseek.com/GoldSeek/1214842037.php "Masiirka Lacagta Warqadda"] ==Mareegaha kale== [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html Liiska rasmiga ah ee ISO 4217 alifbeetada iyo koodhadhka nambarada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html |date=20080819183925 }} [http://www.currency-iso.org/ ISO 4217 Wakaaladda dayactirka] [http://www.abbreviations.com/acronyms/CURRENCIES Liis dheer oo lacagaha caalamiga ah iyo foomka soo gaabinta] [http://www.etoolsage.com/Query/CurrencyCode.asp?toolsort=1100 Raadinta Koodhadhka Lacagta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.etoolsage.com/Query/CurrencyCode.asp?toolsort=1100 |date=20100904070428 }} [http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-370303.htm#position Booska ISO code ama lacagta saxeexa euro] [http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Liis kale oo nambaro iyo alifbeetada ISO 4217 ah] [http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf Liis da'weyn oo ah ISO 4217 codes alifbeetada oo ka kooban qaar ka mid ah taariikhda ISO 4217] d46jliak1mi16fhlkbgg1minkat9232 0 18418 304141 171893 2026-08-06T04:14:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304141 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Haku khaldin "[[dabqaad]]".'' '''Girgire ama Burjiko''' ({{lang-en|hearth}}; {{lang-ar|كانون (موقد)}}) waa aalad ka samaysan [[dhoobo]] la xarakeeyay ama dhagax la qoray taasi oo loo isticmaalo in lagu karsado [[cunto|cuntada]], shido uunsiga, fooxa, bourtka iyo dhamaan noocyada bukhuurka ee la shido. Noocyo badan oo kala duwan ayaa jira kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo siyaabo kala duwan, sida '''[[Burjiko|Burjikada]],''' '''Idinka''' ama '''Dabqaadka''' iyo '''kubo-kubo''' (dhagax qoran loo sameeyey qaabka feerada dharka oo inta la kululeeyo meelo jirka ka mida lagu qandiiriyo) laakiin kuwa ugu isticmaalka badan waa girgiraha ama ([[Burjiko]]) oo qaarkood dhego leh, kuwo kale aan lahayn wax dheg ah, kaasi oo laga sameeyay [[dhoobo]] ama dhagax la qoray. dhagaxa girgiraha ayaa waxaa caan ku ah gobolka '''[[Galguduud|galgaduud]]''' gaar ahaan magaalada [[ceelbuur]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=350274 |access-date=2016-01-04 |archive-date=2022-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102082712/https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=350274 |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyo nawaaxigeeda, waana meesha ugu badan ee soo saarta burjikada iyo wixii la halmaala.<ref>https://celgaras.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/barro-taariikhda-ceelbuur-gal-gaduud/</ref> hawsha burjikada samaynteeda ah ayaan loo adeegsan wax qalab iyo mishin midna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=350274 |access-date=2016-01-04 |archive-date=2022-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102082712/https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=350274 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, dadka degaanka ayaa soo waday hawsha burjiko samayska sanado badan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=332846 |access-date=2016-01-04 |archive-date=2022-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105080923/https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=332846 |url-status=dead }}</ref> dhagaxa laga sameeyo burjikada ayaa ah dhagax cad waxaana loo yaqaan '''quarry'''<ref>[[:en:Quarry|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry]]</ref> ama<ref>http://www.mindat.org/min-3621.html</ref> '''Sepiolite'''<ref>[[:en:Sepiolite#cite_note-4|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepiolite#cite_note-4]]</ref> ==Isticmaalka== [[File:Modern Dabqaad.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Girgireyaasha casriga ah]] Girgiraha waxaa laga isticmaala dhamaan xaafadaha bulshada [[Soomaaliya|Soomaaliyeed]], waxayna ka mid tahay [[dhaqan Soomaali|dhaqanka dadka Soomaalida]]. ==Samayska== Sida caadiga ah dhamaan girigireha waxa laga sameeyaa dhagax dhulka laga qodo ka dibna la qoro ilaa loo ekaysiiyo wixii looga baahnaa inuu noqdo sida burjiko ama dabqaad.<ref>Abdullahi, pp.98-99</ref> Bulsho weynta Soomaaliyeed ee ku dhaqan wadanada [[qurbe|qurbaha]] waxay aad u codsadaan in loo soo diro dabqaadka. maadaama uu ka mid yahay dhaqanka soomaalida soo jireenka ah si ay guryaha ugu uunsadaan ama ugu qaacsadaan, {{-}} ==Noocyo kale== Girgireha waxaa aad ugu qaab iyo samays dhow girgire loo yaqaano ''mabkhara'', kaasi oo laga isticmaalo [[Carabi|gayiga Carabta]]. ==Muuqaal== <gallery widths="150px" heights="150px"> File:Title page of OUR HOME CYCLOPEDIA, printed 1889.jpg File:Hofwijck kitchen hearth.jpg File:Europe a Prophecy copy K plate 07.jpg File:Medieval kitchen.png File:Japanese Traditional Hearth L4817.jpg File:RFK-005-Feuerstelle-im-17-Jh.JPG </gallery> ==Sidoo kale arag== *Bukhoor<ref>[[:en:Bukhoor|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhoor]]</ref> *Mabkhara *Frankincense *[[idin]] *[[burjiko]] *[[kubo-kubo]] *[[dhagax girgire]] *[[Dhagax cad (quarry)|dhagax cad ('''quarry)''']]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%28quarry&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Cadaymo== *{{cite book | last = Abdullahi | first = Mohamed Diriye | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Culture and customs of Somalia | publisher = Greenwood | date = 2001 | location = | pages = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=2Nu918tYMB8C | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-313-31333-2}} [[Category:Dhaqanka Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaaliya]] 51jfcpobujg1gmhugpkob5eeeaw9o05 4 18758 304199 250368 2026-08-06T11:12:47Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Godadle_3d.png|Godadle_3d.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: per [[:c:COM:NETCOPYVIO|]]. 304199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Suldaan.jpg|thumb|right|alt=snayruus|Suldaan Nayruus, Qoraa Soomaaliyeed]] [[File:LAYLA.jpg|thumb|alt=Layal|Buugga Layla Maxaa Loo Dilay?: Mid ka mid ah Buugta Qoraaga, ka eeg Link-ga hoose macluumaad ku saabsan buuggan: https://suldan-nayrus.blogspot.com/2017/05/buugga-layla-maxaa-loo-dilay.html]] Suldaan Nayruus waa Qoraa ka mid ah Qoraayaasha Soomaaliyeed, waxa uu Waxbarashada Asaasiga ah uga baxay Soomaaliya. Waxa uu Mac-had dhaqaalaha ah uga baxay Magaalada Sanca ee dalka Yemen. Waxbarashadiisa sare waxa uu ka dhigtay Jaamacado ku yaalla Magaalada Karachi ee waddanka Pakistan, waxaa uuna ka bartay Culuumta Ganacsiga iyo Maamulka. Keliya ma uusan ahayn qoraa ku kooban wax-soo-saarkiisa, wuxuu qeyb weyn ka ahaa dhaqdhaaqyo kor loogu qaadayo soosaarista qorayaal Soomaaliyeed isaga oo ka mid ahaa hormuudyadii Wargeyskii Dayax, Nadiga Somalipen,iyo Asaasayaashii GOLAHA MASKAXSHIIL iyo guddoomiyihii ugu horreeyey 2017-2022. Waa Qoraa wax ka qora arrimaha ganacsiga, dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda. Waxaa kale oo uu waayadan aad u qoraa sheekooyin ka warramaya dhacdooyin dhacay; gaar ahaan intii uu burburku socday. Waa qoraa aaminsan dalkiisa iyo dadkiisaba; waxaa uuna ku dadaalaa isu soo dhaweynta ummadda Soomaaliyeed ee uu cadaawuhu kala geynayo. '''BUUGTA UU FAAFIYEY SULDAAN NAYRUUS''' '''Sheekooyin dhaadheer''' 1. Godadle 2. Nabsi (1 iyo 2) 3. Cawo 4. Layla maxaa loo dilay 5. Warsame iyo Wariyennimo 6. Geerida abbahay iyo guurka hooyaday '''Sheekooyin gaagaaban''' 7. Cuqubo 8. Abaal 9. Cibro 10. Reer Mudug 11. Amma waa la i dooran amma daadku i qaad '''Sheekooyin carruur''' 12. Sheekooy sheeko 13. Maaweelo (5) 14. Cigaal Shiiidaad iyo Sheekooyinkiisii '''Aqoon-nafsi''' 15. Kala baro run iyo been '''Ganacsi iyo maamul''' 16. Gogoldhigga ganacsiga 17. Maamulka iyo maareynta shaqaalaha 18. Tabaha suuqgeynta 19. Qaamuuska ganancsiga '''Siyaasadda''' 1. Amma waa la i dooran amma daadku i qaad Mareegta hoose waxaa ku jira in ka mid qoraallo gaagaaban oo uu qoraagu lee yahay oo uu faafiyey xilliyo kala duwan oo isugu jira: Maqaallo, Faallooyin, Sheekooyin, Maahmaahyo iyo Xikmado. http://suldan-nayrus.blogspot.com/ 09sre86sokajzu7v3sgownx1uq2k4lg 0 28443 304129 302939 2026-08-06T01:18:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304129 wikitext text/x-wiki waa mid kamida beelaha isaaqa kuwa ugu balaadhan tiro ahaan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=254421 |access-date=2019-07-16 |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103154439/https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=254421 |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyo dhul ahaanba, biciide yoonis waxay taariikh ahaan kaalin weyn ku lahayen xaaladkasta oo dalku soomaray. iyago saamentooda kulahaa xitaa kahor intaanu gumaystuhu qabsan dalka. Wagaas oo hogaamiya beeleedyadi waaagi qarnigi 14aad ee kaso jeday biciide ay ka talin jireen bariga somaliland.sidoo kalana waxay dhal wadaagaan beesha sheekhaal <ref>https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-google-coop&cx=partner-pub-7548458662633181%3A2443211434&ei=PMgtXcqCCI6y6QS637GIBg&q=somalia+map+sanaag+clas&oq=somalia+map+sanaag+clas&gs_l=psy-ab.3..38l4.6196.11335..11750...0.0..1.1105.10060.2-1j8j3j3j2j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71j35i39j0j0i131j0i67j0i131i20i263j0i22i30.HgyaXIbfRp8</ref> dhulka hada lo yaqan sanaag bari nugaal iyo sool sido kale waqtigi guumaystaha waxay beesha badh kamidi raacen ama la safteen maamulka boqortoodadii Diiriye Guure oo ahaa ciidamo kaso horjeeday gumaystihii ingriiska waxana ka mid ahaa shire axmed faarax oo ahaaa sheikh caalim ahaa kadibna ku biiray ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] ayaa kadib darawishtu waxay dulan kusoo qadeen dhulkii uu kasoo jeeday shire wirif. waxayna cagta mariyen qaar badan oo kamida reerkii sheekh wirif oo iyagu ingiriska<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/1157617</ref> la safna ama taageer sanaa markasu tiriyay gabay uu ugu adkesan kari wayay xanta iyo tuhunka ay ka qaben beeshisa oo ay is lahaayen isaga ayaa ka danbeeya duulanka daraawishtu idnku sooqaday. taariikhaha hore waxa jiray marki beeshu kabadatay asaaaged in iyagi isu muuqdeen oo ay colaadi ka dhex bilaabatay qaar ka mida beelaha biciide laftisa waxana jiray dagaal soconayay waqti dheer oo u dhaxeeyay '''[[axmed faarax(habarjeclo)]]''' iyo oo ay ku idladen sheekhi iyo sharifki iyo xoogi labadasi belod beeshu waxay ka talinjirtay xeebta teedsan berbera ilaa maydh oo ay boqoradi, iyo hogamiye qabailki, ka dhashay beeshu ka talin jireen dekeda has iyado waxa ugu muhimsana ee laga so dejin jirau aha timirta, waqtigan casriga beeshu waxay ka tirsan tahay dadka dega gobolada waqooyi somaliland gaar ahaan Sanaag Saaxil Sool iyo Togdheer<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=somaliland+clan+map&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM%253A%252CGu4XvyBznsKy4M%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kRnYtBg1Ap92B_RTGpw7yJyr_d5dQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi71_7f3rnjAhWKDuwKHYVYDFkQ9QEwAXoECAcQBg#imgrc=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM:</ref> [[Sax]] [[Liiska mujaahidiinta habarjeclo]] ==Dhulka ay degaan== beeshu waxay degtaa 4 kamida 6da gobol ee waaweyn ee somaliland<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=somaliland+clan+map&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM%253A%252CGu4XvyBznsKy4M%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kRnYtBg1Ap92B_RTGpw7yJyr_d5dQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi71_7f3rnjAhWKDuwKHYVYDFkQ9QEwAXoECAcQBg#imgrc=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM:</ref> iyo magaalooyin waaweyn ooy ka midyihin BURCO, waxayna kamidyihin dadka sida nabada ugu wada nool magalada Burco<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erigavo</ref> sidoo kale waxay deganyihin magalada [[burco]], waxay qayb baladhan ka yihin dadka ku dhaqan magala xebeedka berbera. Qomiyadani waxay degta magaloyinka qoryaale, Beer, ina afmadoobe, xood, waridaad '''Xeebta ugu dheer [[somaliland]] waxa dega [[habarjeclo]] gaar ahaan maxamed abokor siiba qabiilkan axmed faarax''' magaloyinkasna waxa kamida, [[shalcaw]], [[ruguuda]], [[conqor]], [[soddonlay]], [[laasdoomaare]], [[karin]], [[duurdhiil]], [[laasodhagax guduud]], [[kalyo waqal]], [[mulaax bayle]], [[duurdhiil]] [[laasodhagax guduud]] [[kalyo waqal]] [[mulaax bayle]] [[ruguuda]] [[xiis]] [[soddonlay]] [[shalcaw]] ==Qaybaha ay u kalabaxaan== BICIIDE waa qabiilka ugu badan reer sheikh isxaaq gar ahan habarjeclo waxayna ka mid yihin [[muuse abokor]] oo u dhigma 60% habarjeclo waxayna ukala baxaan reero aad ufara badan sida halkan kaga muqata....<ref>https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habar_Jeclo</ref> *biciide yoonis **iidle biciide **samatar biciide **Waadhowr biciide **faarax biciide (bah jabrahiil) ***faahiye faarax ***wacays faarax ***roobsuge faarax ***geedi faarax ***guuleed faarax ***muuse faarax ***cali faarax ***cumar faarax ***cabdile faarax ***axmed faarax ***iidle faarax ****cabdi iidle ****bayle iidle ****maxamud iidle ****cali iidle ****xuseen iidle ****geedi iidle ****faarax iidle ****xildiid iidle ****guuleed iidle ****Cismaan iidle **** muuse iidle **** maxamed iidle ***[[Axmed Faarax|axmed faarax]] ****xasan axmed ****xuseen axmed ****cabdalla axmed ****cali axmed *****yabaal cali *****samatar cali *****muumin cali *****muuse cali *samatar biciide(bah sanbuur) **reer raage **bah adaraxmaan **bah muuse *dhowr biciide(bah sanbuur) **bah cimraan **bah muxumed ***xildiid muxumed ***faahiye muxumed **bah awal (xasan) ***axmed xasan ***jibriil xasan ***maxmed xasan ***ibrahim xasan ***maxamuud xasan *IIDLE Biciide(bah jibraahiil) ●Cismaan iidle ▪︎Cigaal cismaan ▪︎cali cismaan ● Cabdulle cabdi ● Saalax ● Rooble ● wacays ● Xareed . ''''Erigavo sanaag somaliland''' ==Dadka Caanka ah ee kasoo jeeda== WAXA kasoo jeeda dad caana oo farabadan oo soo maray dowladihi waqti bilowgi xadarada, british somaliland, somalia, iyo somaliland ta hada, waxana kamida: '''MUJAAHIDIINTA''' *muj. Carab ducaale *Muj: jaamac saalax midhiq *Muj: muuse bidaar *Muj: cabdi ciid ( ka mid ragii birjeex jabsaday) *Muj: Siciid axmed dhigane ( ku shahiiday jabsashadii birjeex) *cabdilahi masyar *Binate samaysane *sicid salax dibow *muj.gadhle ciroobe *Cabdulahi Salax oogle (shiekh laf) *muj. indha haadle *General Maxamed cabdi cabdulle (fanax) *General Carab ducaale cilmi (abaanduulihii SNM) *Korneyl muuse xasan dhunkaal ( muuse bidaar) taliyihii guutada 1aad ee SNM *Taliyaha madaxtooyada Alyoos Jaamac ducaale * Maamulaha Dugsiga Dhexe ceelafweyn Yaasin Cabdi Cabdulle Nuur '''DHAQANKA''' *Boqor indha-aare ( Boqor ka talinjiray xeebaha iyo deegaanada Sanaag qarnigii 19aad). *Abaanduule Cabdi faarax ( Hogaamiyihii Barre Adaraxmaan iyo muuse abokor qarnigii 18aad) *Abaanduule cigaal muuse faarax *Abaanduule Ahaana chief caaqil Axmed yare *Abaanduule ahaana chief caaqil Dhunkaal Axmed Yare ( abaan duule Burco iyo Caynaba) * Jiif caaqil Axmed Faarax saalax(xeedhidheere) darwiish, Jiif caaqil abaanduulkii muse abokor bari. * Jiif caaqil Xaaji Xasan Axmed ganacsade awood leh jiif caaqil Muse Abokor bari ( gobolka Sanaag) * Axmed Cali Saalax ganacsade (ninkii dukaankii u horeyey ka furay Ceerigaabo. *Jibriil Xaaji ducaale faarax gudomiyihii gobolka Sanaag xiligii afweyne ahna oday si weyn loga yaqaan gobolka sanaag. *Jiif caaqil cabdi cawl cabdulle nuur jaamac Maxamed cigaal( ninkii daartii u horeysay ka dhisay Ceerigaabo) *Boqor cismaan aw-maxamud buurmadow *AHN Chief Caaqil jaamac faarax *AHN Chief caaqil aw aadan jaamac faarax *Cheif caaqil Lixle *AHN Suldaan maxamed cabdi cali *AHN Suldaan carab cabdi cali *Suldaan Sharmaarke Suldaan maxamed cabdi cali *AHN Cheif caaqil Faarax maxamed dhunkaal * jiif caaqil Axmed jiif caaqil Yuusuf warsangeli *Caaqil Cabdirashiid Ducaale digaale *cheif caaqil faysal abokor *suldaan Faarax ducaale cali *suldaan Qudde *AHN cheif caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur '''CULIMADA''' *AHN:Sheekh Ismaaciil Tabliiq (Aasaasihii jamaacatu tabliiq) *Sheekh abdirahman Osman aw mohamoud( sheekhal baladka Sanaag) *Sheekh siciid Qaxwe *Sheekh Faysal Cilmi *Sheekh Jaamaca Ducaale Digaale *Sheekh Ahmed muuse *Sheekh Aadan cali '''FANKA''' *abwaan Cabdi OOGLE (AarsaDe) *abwaan:- shire widhidhif *abwaan :- dhegawanle *abwaan:- jaamac cadde *Abwaan:- Xuseen Gabaydhe *abwaan:- aw cabdi muuse *abwaan:- digaale jaamac *abwaan:- axmed caadleef *abwaan:- axmed daad *abwaan:- siciid ayaanle *abwaan:- maxamed diiriye (xujaale) *abwaan:- xuseen jaamac *abwaan:- awcilmi ducaale jibriil<ref>http://www.hoygasuugaanta.com/ShireWiririf.html</ref> *Abwaan abyan warsame cali *Abwaan aadan kacaan '''SIYAASIYIINTA''' *Siyaasi ahna Abaanduule muuse abokor :maxamed xaji ducaale axmed yare( dhoolayare) *Siyaasi mujaahid SNM yuusuf maxamed cali xayd ( wasiirkii ugu horeeyay wasaarada madaxtooyada ee Sland 1991 ahaana xildhibaan) *Siyaasi Axmed siciid Maxamed (Godane) DG Agaasimaha guud ee ciyaara *Siyaasi Cabdilaahi maxamed ducaale (wasiirkii ugu mudada dheeraa wasaarada arimaha debeda Jamhuuriyada SoomaaliLand) *Siyaasi Xasan Maxamed Cali (aas-aasihii ururkii rays ahna wasiirka ugu mudada dheer xakuumadii muuse biixi) * siyaasi ismacil ducale cadhoome wasiirka waxbarashada xukuumada cirro * Ismaaciil faarax maxamed (dadqal) aasaasihii xisbigii talada dalka hayey 2002-2010 ee UDUB * Badhasaabkii hore ee gobolka sanaag Axmed Cabdi muuse * wasiir hore ahna badhasaabka gobolka sanaag Maxamuud Raage * Wasiir hore xasan maxamed cali (gaafadhi) * Agaasimaha guud tamarta shucayb cismaan maxamuud * Cismaan faarax maxamed (Hamasholl) *Siyaasi maxamed nuur amaan ( xildhibaan 1968) *Siyaasi saalax xaji xasan xildhiban gole deegaan 1968 Ceerigaabo DHANKA SIYAASADA WAXA ka soo jeeda diktoorka caanka halyeyga ah ee DR [[Aadan mire wayrax]] oodadka reer somaliland ay jecel yihin aqoontiisa iyo daacadnimada u u shaqeeyo ,gudoomiyahii xisbiga [[rays]] ee somaliland eng ''xasan'maxamed gaafadhi''' wasirka xanaanada xoolaha somaaliland ee hada dowlada muse bixi, sido jale jaamac Saalx axmed midhiq, oo ka tirsana Golihi dhexe SNM iyo Aasaasayashu SDF, badhasaabki u horeeyay ee sanaag mr MIDHIQ, badhasabk sanag xukumada muse bixi Axmed isdeber. ==Tijaarta ka dhalatay== Wakhtigan casrigaa waxa dalka ka jira shirkado malaayin dollar haysta waxana qaar badan ookamida kaso jedan beesha biciide eee isaaq waxana kamida..... *ASLIMAYDI <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095810526&title=Somaliland-Asli-Maydi-Chinese-Investors-and-The-Politics-of-Frankincense&src=RSS |access-date=2022-03-10 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620150821/https://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095810526&title=Somaliland-Asli-Maydi-Chinese-Investors-and-The-Politics-of-Frankincense&src=RSS |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *AL IKHWa *Som tuna factory *Shaah yahan * xaaji salaaben gaagale (Baho) *Mubarak Pharmacy company *Al Badar Enterprise. <references /> • Mubarik Fuel Station nh242k4u315gqqzbfuyhjq0vdgrkrzj 0 28446 304191 296771 2026-08-06T07:09:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Mariano''' * {{Flag|Somaliland}} * {{Flag|Somalia}} [[alex salool]] Michael mariano.... wuxu ahaa siyaaasi halgama xoriyad u dirir iyo aqoonyahan, waxa uu ahaa qabiila isaaq [[habarjeclo]] garahan [[uduruxmiin muuse]] waxa uu ku dhashay magalada ceerigaabo ee xarunta gobolka sanaag. waxa uu dhashay 1920.kii ilaa uu dhintay 1986.dii, michael wuxu aha siyaasiga kaliya ee somaliyed ee ka madax banana qabiil xorna ka ahaa, wuxuu ahaa nin wadaniyadu ku dheertahay,<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=michael+mariano&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CRDYAe9OLL4OIjjnwT_10r2dLLd9JnSTubN2aOn5eEytvZ18j31Q69KlddpXYsVdcI622XBNwlb1JraqYd0wr941sjyoSCefBP_1SvZ0stEZXl8j-K1GxhKhIJ30mdJO5s3ZoRVtdKfeMkTvgqEgk6fl4TK29nXxHdSvg6mGBd3yoSCSPfVDr0qV12ERWWu6T8ShIiKhIJldixV1wjrbYRpWwvLw8HQHUqEglcE3CVvUmtqhHvWmQiFvVxgCoSCZh3TCv3jWyPEV4pFtn-Wlf_1&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI75uim8HjAhUMyqQKHQ0xAjEQ9C96BAgBEBs&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1#imgrc=ENgB704svg7gFM:</ref> kana soo shaqeeyay AFAR kamida SHANTI somaliyeed NFD SOMALIA HAWD AND RESERF AREA, SOMALILAND, michael mariano isaga gacantiisa ku qoray qoraaalki ay SYL u dhiibtay afartii quwadood ee muqdisho yimi jan,1948-kii. si ay u ogaadan una fahmaan waxay somalidu doonayaaan. qoraalkaas oo afarta quwadood ka codsanayay in la mideeyo afarti somaliyed ee markaas ingriisku gacanta ku hayay ,waa afarta aan xaga sare kuso xusnay, michael wuxu hogaaminayay halkangi dib loogu soo celinayay dhulki somalida ee ingiriisku xabashida siiyay, weftigisii oo ka koobnaa [[dube cali yare oo isna isku reer ahayen michael marianoiyo labo suldaan lugtii ugu horeesay waxay tageen [[muqdisho]] iyo [[Xisbiga SYL]] lugtii labaadna waxay kadageen [[London]], halkaas oo ay dood adag kula yeesheen dowladi ingriiska [[Midowga boqortooyada Britan]]<ref>https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=274184{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == safarki ingriiska == 1948-kii isagoo saxaafada ingiriiska kula hadlaya london l michael mariano wuxu yidhi hadalkiisina waxa ka mid ahaa,, [ficilkaas ingirisku ku qaatay, wuxu somalida ka dhigaya dad guryahooda marti ku ah] michael iyo waftigiisi waxay usii gudbeen dhankaas iyo [[New York]] iyagoo doonayay inay qadiyadoda ay [[Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa]] u gudbiyaan, laakin nasib daro hal wadan oo taagerayay muu jirin ,, [[Masar]] ayay isku halenayeen lkn iyana may taageerin <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=274179 |access-date=2019-07-19 |archive-date=2025-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826171518/https://somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=274179 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == michael iyo british somaliland == waqtigi gumaystaha 1950-ki waxa dalka ka jiray saddex xisbi waxayna kala ahaayen SNL oo uu hogaaminayay [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], USB oo uu watay [[garaad cali jaamac]] IYO NUF oo uu michael mariano watay .....doorashaadi 1959-kii michael wuxuu laha oo watay xisbigi NUF xisbigi michael wuxu helay 22.000 kun oo cod waxana laga soo doortay sanaag oo uu ku noqday xubin kamida dowladi [[somalia]] WAXANA watay [[habarjeclo]] SNL wuxu helay 42.000 oo cod isaga ayaan sida ku galay kaalinta kowad ee doorashada waxana watay habar awal garxejis iyo arab.. USB ayaa isna helay 12.000 kun oo cod waxana hogaaminayay [[garaad cali jaamac]] oo ay wateen beelaha [[harti]] iyo [[samaroon]] michael wuxu ka mid ahaa ragi saxeexay calanki umada somaliyeed xornimadana horseeday, == michalmariano iyo midowgi somalia == marki ay romowday riyadi ay wada sugayen umada somaliyed waxa uu michael ka mid noqday raga loo arkayay inay dalka iyo dadkaba wax u qaban karaan July 1 dedi 1960 kii michael mariano cali osman , waxa looo magacaabay[[ wasiirka]] [[beeraha]] ee somalia ilaa 1964-tii kadib waxa loo bedelay wasirkii qorsheynta ee dowladi federalka jamhuuriyada [[somalia]] 1964-1968 dii, sanadku markuu ahaa 1968 kii waxa wasir ki qorsheenta laga bedelay mr michael mariano waxana loo magacabay xil cusub oo dalka dibadisa loogu magacabay safirka somaliyeed ee wadamada [[zambia]] iyo [[tanzania]] <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.somalilandpress.com/tag/michael-mariano/ |access-date=2019-07-19 |archive-date=2019-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719151703/https://www.somalilandpress.com/tag/michael-mariano/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == michael mariano iyo somaliland == Waxa uu kasoo noqday mayor magalada cerigaabo ee casimada gobolka sanaag sido somaliland oo ahhalka uu kasoo jeeday michael mariano wuxu ka aamin sanaa fikrad uu keligis watay uuna la god galay ..waxayna aheed in marki 1960-ki somaliland xoriyada heshay in loo kaadiyo oo mudo 8 sano ah ay gaar ahano kadib marka aynu barano dowlad nimadu wxay tahay aan goaan qadano nasib daro se dadka reer waqoyi oo jeclaa walalahod aya ka rayi badatay michael, madaxweynihi hore somaliland maxamed xaaji ibraahim cigaal oo sanadki 1997 dii<ref>https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxamed_Xaaji_Ibraahim_Cigaal</ref> xafladi furitanka airport ka hargeisa ayaa hadalkisi waxa ka mid ahaa [lixdanki ayaynu godob galnay, wado aya la inoo jeexay . wadadi ayaynu ka beedhnay. wadadasna waxa hayay xisbigii [[NUF]] LAAKIIN WANAGI KU QAYLINAY EE LAHEN [[NAF]] ayaa la yidhah daa michael oo manta nool ayan jeclaan lahaa , oo inoo warama ,,, wuxu yidhi michael waar halkan ayaynu ku nabad galaynaye maad inaga daysan(somalia) halkaas hadaladasi waxay ka mid ahayen qudbadi ina cigaal <references /> ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Soomaaliland]] * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Geeska afrika]] 0hc1vpyr45vd611871q4yhtjz03m1ch 0 35557 304149 263187 2026-08-06T04:58:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model|name=Hunter Schafer|image=Hunter Schafer - Suru Suru video, July 2021.png|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1998|12|31}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/hunter-schafer-21st-birthday-style|title=At 22, Hunter Schafer Is Already a Gen Z Style Star|date=December 31, 2020|publisher=Vogue.com|access-date=December 31, 2020|archive-date=December 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231145015/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/hunter-schafer-21st-birthday-style|url-status=live}}</ref>|birth_place=[[Trenton, New Jersey]]|alma_mater=|agency={{Plainlist| * Community (New York) * Why Not Model Management (Milan) * Premier Model Management (London)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://models.com/models/hunter-schafer|title=Hunter Schafer – Model|publisher=Models.com|access-date=November 27, 2018|archive-date=November 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075231/https://models.com/models/hunter-schafer|url-status=live}}</ref> }}|years_active=2017–hada|website=|occupation={{flatlist| * Atariisho * moodel }}}}'''Hunter Schafer''' waa [[moodel]] Maraykanka, atariisho, iyo u dhaqdhaqaaqa [[Xuquuqda dadka LGBT dal ama dhul ahaan|xuquuqda LGBTQ]].<ref>{{Cite web|first=Katherine|last=Cusumano|date=March 21, 2018|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/hunter-schafer-model-bathroom-bill|title=Rising Model Hunter Schafer is Fighting for the Future of Trans Individuals on and off the Runway|magazine=[[W (magazine)|W]]|access-date=November 27, 2018|archive-date=November 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128034938/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/hunter-schafer-model-bathroom-bill|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhaqdhaqaaqeeda ka dhanka ah [[Xeerka Amniga iyo Qarsoonaanta ee Xarumaha Dadweynaha|Xeerka Qarsoonaanta & Amniga Xarumaha Dadweynaha]] ee Waqooyiga Carolina, ''[[Teen Vogue]]'' waxay ku qortay Schafer liiskeeda "21 Under 21" ee 2017.<ref name=":2" /> 2019 waxay samaysay doorkeedii ugu horeeyay, iyada oo u jilaysay sidii arday [[Jinsi beddelka|transgender]] dugsi sare Jules Vaughn oo ku jira taxanaha [[HBO]] ''[[Euphoria]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-02|title=Euphoria - Jules Vaughn|url=https://www.hbo.com/euphoria/cast-and-crew/jules-vaughn|url-status=live|access-date=2022-02-03|website=HBO|language=en|quote=Jules Vaughn played by Hunter Schafer|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2020-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426230454/https://www.hbo.com/euphoria/cast-and-crew/jules-vaughn|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Nolol == Aabaheed waa wasiir Presbyterian, qoyskooduna waxay u kala guureen magaalooyin badan.<ref>[https://www.allure.com/story/hunter-schafer-september-cover-interview "Hunter Schafer: "Trying to Feel Seen Has Been the Project of My Life""]. ''[[Allure]]''.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://raleighmag.com/2017/03/faith/ |access-date=2022-02-18 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205155847/https://raleighmag.com/2017/03/faith/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxay leedahay saddex walaalo ka yar: laba walaalo ah iyo walaal.<ref>[https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article187432663.html "This transgender teen sued NC over HB2. Now she's in Teen Vogue with Hillary Clinton"]. [[News & Observer|''News & Observer'']].</ref> Schafer waa naag trans. Wareysi ay bixisay ayay ku sheegtay in Internetku uu ka caawiyay [[Aqoonsiga jinsiga|aqoonsigeeda jinsiga]], iyadoo u soo jeesatay Youtube-ka iyo baraha bulshada si ay wax uga ogaato waqtiyada [[Kala guurka jinsiga|kala guurka]] oo dadka.<ref>[https://variety.com/2019/tv/features/hunter-schafer-hbo-euphoria-1203248330/ "Trans Superstar Hunter Schafer on Her Moment of 'Euphoria'"]. ''[[Variety]]''.</ref> Waxay tiri, "Waxaan jeclahay dadka inay ogaadaan inaanan ahayn ''[[Cisgender|cis girl]]'' ah sababtoo ah taasi maaha wax aan ahay ama dareemayo inaan ahay. Waan ku faanayaa inaan ahay qof trans ah."<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/hunter-schafer/trans/ |access-date=2022-02-18 |archive-date=2019-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805183101/https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/hunter-schafer/trans/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> 2019, Schafer waxay sheegtay inay "ku dhowdahay waxa aad ugu yeeri karto [[lesbian]]."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvWfPyxFjTk</ref> Bishii Disembar 2021, waxay ku sheegtay Twitter inay tahay "[[Labada jinsi|bi]] ama [[Pansexuality|pan]] ama wax".<ref>https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/12/13/hunter-schafer-bisexual-pansexual-sexxuality/</ref> Bishii Febraayo 2022, waxaa la xaqiijiyay in iyada iyo [[Dominic Fike]] ay isla wada socdeen.<ref>https://people.com/tv/hunter-schafer-dominic-fike-seemingly-confirm-dating-rumors-with-steamy-kiss/</ref> == Tixraacyo == bjwjtjja152szcka85sy6igsg1upsly 0 38865 304195 298869 2026-08-06T09:50:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304195 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" style="float: right;" !<small>Waxtarka gargaarka iyo saamayntiisa</small> |- | |- | |} '''Wax ku oolnimada gargaarka''' waa heerka guul ama guuldarro ee gargaarka caalamiga ah ( gargaarka horumarinta ama gargaarka bini'aadantinimo ). Haddii aynu si fududud u dhigno waa in la ogaado heerka waxtarnimo ee ay leeyihiin deeqaha caalamiga ah. Marka laga hadlayo waxtarka gargaarka waxa uu noqon karaa mid uu hummaag iyo madmadow ku jiro (haddii gargaarku guud ahaan buuxiyo ujeeddada ugu muhiimsan ee gargaarka laga leeyahay), ama waxa laga yaabaa inay noqoto mid faahfaahsan (iyada oo la tixgelinayo heerka guusha ee u dhexeeya noocyada kala duwan ee gargaarka ee duruufaha kala duwan) . Su'aalaha ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka waxaa si weyn isugu khilaafay aqoonyahannada, faalleeyayaasha iyo xirfadlayaasha: waxaa jira cilmi baarisyo ballaaran oo mawduuca ku saabsan. Daraasadaha dhaqaalaha ee dabayaaqadii qarnigii 20aad waxaa kasoo baxday in celcelis ahaan waxtarka deeqaha inuu yahay mid yar ama xitaa xun. Daraasadii xigay ee la sameeyay qarnigii 21aadna isla natiijadaas oo kale bay soo saareen, balse sawirka guud waa mid adag marka laga eego dhinacyo badan. Talooyin badan ayaa la soojeediyay si loo kobciyo waxtarka iyo wax ku oolnimada gargaarka. Sannadihii u dhaxeeyay 2003-2011 waxa jiray dhaqdhaqaaq caalami ah oo ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka, ku dhawaad ilaa afar gole oo heer sare ah oo ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka . Golayaashani waxay soo jeediyeen hab-dhaqanno wanaagsan oo khuseeya isku-dubbaridka maamulka gargaarka iyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya deeq-bixiyeyaasha iyo waddamada deeqda helaya. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 dhaqdhaqaaqan waxaa la hoos geeyay hal gole oo leh ujeeddo iskaashi horumarineed oo wax ku ool ah, oo xoogga saarayay Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Iskaashiga Horumarinta Waxtarka leh . == Natiijooyinka iyo dhaliilaha waxtarka deeqaha == Waxaa jira in aad la isugu waafaqsanyahay in gargaarka oo keliya uusan ku filneyn in dalalka soo koraya laga saaro faqriga iyo in aysan ahayn tabta ugu awoodda badan ee lagu horumarin karo waddamadan. Doodaha ku saabsan waxtarka deeqaha waxay ku saabsan yihiin heerka ay le'eg tahay saamayntooda togan, saamayntooda taban, iyo waxtarka noocyada kala duwan ee gargaarka. === Dhaliilo waaweyn === ==== PT Bauer ==== Dhaqaale yahanka reer Ingiriis PT Bauer ayaa ku dooday in gargaarku uu waxyeello badan geystay marka loo eego wanaagga, gaar ahaan buugaagtiisa "Disent on Development" (1972) <ref>{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=P. T.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2666082|title=Dissent on development|date=1976|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0-674-21282-7|location=Cambridge, Mass.|oclc=2666082}}</ref> iyo "Reality and Rhetoric" (1984). <ref>{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=P. T.|url=https://archive.org/details/realityrhetorics0000baue/|title=Reality and rhetoric : studies in the economics of development|date=1984|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0-674-74946-4|location=Cambridge, Mass.|oclc=9894295}}</ref> Saamaynta ugu xun ee ay deequhu gaysteen ayaa ah in ilihii loo weeciyay meelo khaldan ama aan ku habboonayn. <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=P. T.|url=https://archive.org/details/realityrhetorics0000baue/page/46|title=Reality and rhetoric : studies in the economics of development|date=1984|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0-674-74946-4|location=Cambridge, Mass.|pages=27–28, 46|oclc=9894295}}</ref> Dhinaca kale, Bauer halka faa'ido ee ay deeqdu leedahay ee uu arkay waa inay qofka ka ilaaliso un inoo deyn qaato taasoo aan saamayn weyn ku lahayn horumarinta waddanka (bogga 47-49). Waxa uu rumaysnaa in go'aannada mashaariicda gargaar ay gaarayeen dawladaha deeqda helayay kuwaasoo xiisaynayay un in madaxdu hodan noqoto baddalkii dadka saboolnimada laga saari lahaa. (pp.49-52). ==== Dambisa Moyo ==== Dhaqaalayahannadda caanka ah ee u dhalatay Zambia Dambisa Moyo ayaa si weyn uga soo horjeedda gargaarka horumarinta, waxayna u taqaanaa "go'aanka kaliya ee ugu xun ee siyaasadda horumarinta casriga ah". Buuggeeda 2009, Dead Aid waxay ku qeexday sida deeqaha ay u abuureen siyaasiyiin hodan ah, musuq maasuq baahay, ku tiirsanaanta gargaarka shisheeye, iyo hoos udhaca dhaqaale ee Afrika. Waxay ku doodaysaa in gargaarka shisheeye uu dawladuhu ku dhiirrigaliyo in ay qaabab khaldan wax ku raadiyaan sida dhaqaale si fudud lagu helo (Fadhi-ku-Taajir) iyo iyada oo si kadis ah dakhli loo tallaalayo, taasoo horseedda Dhibtii Dhajka (Netherland) . Intaa waxaa dheer, lacagtan fududi waxay u fududaynaysaa inay dawladdu ka baxdo heshiiskii u dhaxeeyay iyaga iyo dadkii u codeeyay: waa heshiiskaa ahaa inay bulshada wax ugu qabtaan canshuuraha ay ka qaadaan. Marka la soo koobo, waxa ay “u ogolaataa dawladu in ay iska ilowdo mas’uuliyadda ka saaran dadkeeda”. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Moyo|first=Dambisa|title=Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa.|publisher=Douglas & Mcintyre|year=2009|isbn=978-1-55365-542-8}}</ref> Waxaa xusid mudan in ay Moyo si gaar ah u tilmaamayso gargaarka laba-geesoodka ahee ay deeq bixiyayaasha waawayn bixiyaan ee ma ahan midka yar ee samafal, bini'aadantinimo ama gargaar degdeg ah. Xalka ay soo jeedisay ayaa ah in ay baaqdayain la kordhiyo ganacsiga iyo maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye, iyadoo xoogga saaraysa doorka sii kobcaya ee Shiinaha ee Afrika. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Moyo|first=Dambisa|title=Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa|publisher=Douglas & Mcintyre|year=2009|pages=124}}</ref> Moyo waxa kale oo ay tilmaantay in lasameeyo qorshayaal maalgelinta yar yar ah, iyada oo lagu dayanayo guusha baahsan ee uu arrintaas ka gaaray Bankiga Grameen, si loo kobciyo halabuurka ganacsi ee qaaradda, iyada oo laga soo bilaabayo hoos. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Lingaxyada dibadda == * [http://www.eurodad.org/ Eurodad: The European Network on Debt and Development] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100523182953/http://topics.developmentgateway.org/special/aidharmonization Special Report on Aid Harmonization] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090215180247/http://www.insightnewstv.com/addictedtoaid/ "Addicted to Aid"-documentary by Sorious Samura] * [http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/aid_effectiveness Center for Global Development: Aid Effectiveness] * [http://www.internationalhealthpartnership.net/en/ The International Health Partnership (IHP+)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.internationalhealthpartnership.net/en/ |date=20120911200649 }} A group of partners committed to putting international principles for effective aid and development cooperation into practice in the health sector * [http://www.cgdev.org/Publications/MillionsSaved/ Millions Saved] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cgdev.org/Publications/MillionsSaved/ |date=20081011090756 }} A compilation of case studies of effective foreign assistance by the [http://www.cgdev.org/ Center for Global Development]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050728144653/http://www.aidharmonisation.org/ Aidharmonisation.org] * [http://www.aideffectiveness.org/ Aideffectiveness.org] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aideffectiveness.org/ |date=20230621181204 }} * [http://www.pubhealth.org/ PubHealth.org - Ugandan effort to develop tools for harmonization] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051125052013/http://rru.worldbank.org/PapersLinks/Development-Assistance/ Reading list on the future of development assistance] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051125070758/http://psdblog.worldbank.org/psdblog/aid_effectiveness/index.html PSD Blog: aid effectiveness] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813094621/http://bostonreview.net/ndf.html#Aid Boston Review Forum: Making Aid Work] Initial article arguing for funding of projects confirmed as effective in randomized trials, followed by replies. * [http://practicalaction.org/?id=africanvoices_agriculture_report The Crisis in African Agriculture: A more effective use for EC aid?] A Practical Action and Pelum 'African Voices' Report * [http://www.eurodad.org/aid/?id=124 European Network on Debt and Development] reports, news and links on aid effectiveness * [http://www.euforic.org/detail_page.phtml?&page=resource_briefing_evaluat Euforic] {{Wayback|url=http://www.euforic.org/detail_page.phtml?&page=resource_briefing_evaluat |date=20070928032655 }} pages on aid evaluation and effectiveness * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080917005522/http://www.fride.org/publication/480/building-global-governance-of-aid FRIDE] From Paris to Accra: building the global governance of aid * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110712005552/http://aideffectiveness.zunia.org/ Zunia Aid Effectiveness Page] - articles, reports, blogs, and jobs related to aid effectiveness * [http://www.three-cs.net/ Three-Cs.net] {{Wayback|url=http://www.three-cs.net/ |date=20221006185623 }} Six joint-evaluations to explore and assess the role played by the Maastricht Treaty precepts of coordination, complementarity and coherence (3Cs) in the EU's development co-operation policies and operations * [http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html The OECD DAC's site on the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness] * Governance and Social Development Resource Centre's [http://www.gsdrc.org/go/topic-guides/aid-instruments-and-aid-effectiveness Topic Guide: Aid instruments and aid effectiveness] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gsdrc.org/go/topic-guides/aid-instruments-and-aid-effectiveness |date=20080315135247 }} * [http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/briefing/bp39-july08-aid-effectiveness.pdf ODI Briefing Paper: Aid effectiveness after Accra]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.eadi.org/index.php?id=1203: EADI Online Dossier on Aid Effectiveness] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eadi.org/index.php?id=1203: |date=20120310010806 }} * [http://www.eadi.org/events/forthcoming-events/eadi-masterclass/implementing-paris-decleration-15-16-april-2010-brussels.html: Masterclass on Aid Effectiveness] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150813141944/http://www.cso-effectiveness.org/ Open Forum for CSO Development Effectiveness] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240616065356/http://www.betteraid.org/en/news/286-latest-news/560-csos-on-the-road-to-accra-to-busan-report-launchtoday.html CSOs on the road from Accra to Busan] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110524235519/http://www.ccic.ca/_files/en/what_we_do/002_aid_2009_strengthening_cs_roles_voice_book.pdf Strengthening Civil Society’s Roles and Voice: Reflections on CSO Engagement with the Accra Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness] * [http://www.adb.org/features/aid-trade-asia-and-pacific-12-things-know/ Aid for Trade in Asia and the Pacific: 12 Things to Know] Asian Development Bank {{Humanitarian aid}}Grgaarka biniaadantinnimo [[Category:Gargaar]] [[Category:Horomarinta caalamiga ah ee Afrika]] [[Category:Hor]] 1wzcv704471tf3lh27pzo6ske7msxku 0 41334 304125 284106 2026-08-06T00:23:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angga Dermawan''' (wuxuu dhashay Oktoobar 6, 1998, Tarnate, da'da 25) waa [[Heesaa (shaqo)|heesaa]] iyo qoraa [[Indunisiya|Indonesian]] ah.<ref>https://www.jagodangdut.com/biduan/276-angga-dermawan</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=https://www.warnanusa.com/hiburan/83512891012/profil-angga-dermawan-penyanyi-lagu-dola-yang-viral-di-tiktok-biodata-terbaru-umur-keluarga-instagram |url=https://www.warnanusa.com/hiburan/83512891012/profil-angga-dermawan-penyanyi-lagu-dola-yang-viral-di-tiktok-biodata-terbaru-umur-keluarga-instagram?page=2#google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-16 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125033330/https://www.warnanusa.com/hiburan/83512891012/profil-angga-dermawan-penyanyi-lagu-dola-yang-viral-di-tiktok-biodata-terbaru-umur-keluarga-instagram?page=2#google_vignette |dead-url=yes }}</ref> {{Infobox person|name=Angga Dermawan|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth year and age|1998|}}|birth_place=[[Ternate]], [[Maluku Utara]], Indonesia|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=[[Indunisiya]]|height=|weight=|alias=|awards=|years active=2020–hada}} == Shaqo == Angga Dermawan waa heesaa leh sifooyin cod iyo muusik gaar ah qaabka Bariga Indonesia. Hadda waxa uu ka mid yahay jowharadaha bariga oo aad ugu faana heesihiisa gaarka ah isaga oo isticmaalaya afka gobolka. Hibada heesahiisa ayaa la soo saaray muddo dheer, 2012, Angga wuxuu qaatay feerka garaaca isagoo is-baray. Dadaalkiisu ma ahayn wax aan waxba tarayn, 2014, Angga waxaa la og yahay inuu ku guuleystay tartanka garaacista ee Ternate. Intaa ka dib waxa uu bilaabay ka qayb galka tartamo kale sida Bandhiga garaaca garaaca ee Java ee lagu qabtay Yogyakarta, 2016.<ref>https://zetizens.id/06/06/2024/lagu-dola-angga-darmawan-viral-di-tiktok-ketahui-lirik-dan-maknanya/</ref><ref>https://www.viv.co.id/read/53910/biodata-tampang-angga-dermawan-penyanyi-lagu-dola-yang-viral-di-tiktok-lengkap-dari-umur-agama-pasangan-dan-akun-instagram/1</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.insertlive.com/hot-gossip/20240621214334-9-340535/di-balik-dola-trending-di-tiktok-angga-dermawan-rekaman-pakai-baskom |access-date=2025-02-16 |archive-date=2025-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206185638/https://www.insertlive.com/hot-gossip/20240621214334-9-340535/di-balik-dola-trending-di-tiktok-angga-dermawan-rekaman-pakai-baskom |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Muuqaalka warbaahinta kale == Abaalmarinta ''Anugerah Musik Indonesia'' ee Abaalmarinta ugu Fiican Soo saarista Heesaha Luuqadda Gobolka waxa la bixiyay tan iyo dhacdadii toddobaad ee 2003. Qaybtan waxa la siiyaa jilaagii sida ugu wanaagsanayd loo sii daayay luqadda gobolka.<ref>https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4512929/ami-awards-2024-terselenggara-meriah-berikut-daftar-pemenangnya#google_vignette</ref><ref>https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2024/10/16/060000766/daftar-lengkap-62-kategori-dan-nominasi-ami-awards-2024-</ref><ref>https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghargaan_AMI_untuk_Karya_Produksi_Lagu_Berbahasa_Daerah_Terbaik</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka ! Qaybta ! Shaqada ! Go'aan |- |rowspan="5"|2023 |rowspan=""|''"AMI Awards Best Regional Language Song Production Work "'' <br /><small></small> |rowspan=""|Dola Dola |{{won}} |- {{end|html=Go'aan}} == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Muusig]] 8c8b5lgvfnnqtrdkvt3hacu06befwlr 0 41357 304137 298809 2026-08-06T02:04:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac | | group = Cali Jibrahil <br>علي جبرائيل | image= |region1={{flagcountry|Somalia}} |region2={{flagcountry|Oman}} |region3={{flagcountry|United States}} | langs = [[Somali language|Somali]] | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c = Other [[Majeerteen]],clan. }} The '''Cali Jibrahil''' waa qabiil cabsi cabsi taariikhi ah oo ka tirsan qabiilka Majeerteen, mid ka mid ah sub-qabiilada ugu waaweyn ee ku jira qabiilka [[Darod]].<ref>[https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/192345/the_majerteen_clan_and_its_history.aspx The Majerteen Clan and Its History], Hiiraan Online (2023)</ref> Qabiilka wuxuu ku fidsan yahay Soomaaliya, isagoo xooggan ku leh gobolka [[Puntland]], gaar ahaan gobolka Bari.<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/the-tribal-distribution-in-puntland The Tribal Distribution in Puntland], Garowe Online (2023)</ref> Cali Jibrahiil waxay caan kuyihiin geesinimadooda gobbolka iyo taariikhdooda halgan ee puntland iyo gobbolada kale ee ay dagaan.<ref>[https://www.horseedmedia.net/2023/07/the-role-of-somali-warriors-in-history The Role of Somali Warriors in History]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Horseed Media (2023)</ref> == Overview == Marka laga reebo xirfadaha ciidan, beesha Cali Jibrahil sidoo kale waxay leedahay Aqoonsiga dhaqameed hodan ah oo firfircoon, kaasoo lagu dhaafsaday jiilal badan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) - The Role of Clans in Somalia |url=https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2023/12-role-clans-somalia |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035258/https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2023/12-role-clans-somalia |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beesha waxaa lagu aqoonsan yahay caadooyinka Guulwadayaal dhaqameed, kuwaasoo door weyn ka ciyaaray qaabeynta nidaamka bulshada iyo nolosha bulshada. Caadooyinkan waxaa ka mid ah xeerarka sharafta, geesinimada, iyo daacadnimada, kuwaasoo muhiim u ah hab-nololeedkooda. Sidoo kale, beesha waxay xoogga saartaa xiriirka Qoyska iyo Isku-xirnaanta bulshada, kuwaasoo si qoto dheer ugu xidhan dhaqanka maalinlaha ah iyo isdhexgalka dadka.<ref>[https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/somali-culture/somali-culture-family Cultural Atlas - Somali Culture: Family]</ref> Qaab-dhismeedka bulshada ee Cali Jibrahil ayaa muddo dheer ku dhisnaa xiriirro qoys oo dhow oo dhiirrigeliyay dareen midnimo iyo mas'uuliyad wada jir ah. Qarnigii la soo dhaafay, dhaxalka dhaqameed ee gaar ah, oo lagu daray xirfadooda ciidanimo, ayaa u oggolaaday beesha inay sii haysato door muuqda oo ku saabsan '''[[Soomaaliya]]''' oo ku saabsan siyaasadda iyo horumarka dhaqaalaha, iyagoo saameyn muuqata ku leh '''[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|taariikhda gobolka]]'''.<ref>[https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/somalis.html 101 Last Tribes - Somali People]</ref> == History == Beesha '''Cali Jibrahil''' waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay qarnigii la soo dhaafay ee beelaha Soomaaliyeed, gaar ahaan beesha [[Majerteen]] iyo qabiilka guud ee [[Darod]]<ref>[https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/192345/the_majerteen_clan_and_its_history.aspx The Majerteen Clan and Its History], Hiiraan Online (2023)</ref> Intii lagu jiray xilligii gumeysiga, beesha waxaa lagu yaqaanay iska caabintooda gumeysiga Talyaaniga. Cali Jibrahil waxay ka qaybqaateen Dagaalka Dervish oo uu hogaaminayay Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno "Mad Mullah".<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/the-dervish-resistance-against-colonial-powers The Dervish Resistance Against Colonial Powers], Garowe Online (2023)</ref> Waxay ku guuleysteen guulo waaweyn oo ka dhan ah awoodihii gumeysiga ilaa markii iska caabintu si buuxda loo jabiyay 1920. Kadib guuldarradaas, beesha waxay sii wadaysay iska caabinta, laakiin hadda si siyaasadeed iyo diblomaasiyad ahaan.<ref>[https://www.horseedmedia.net/2023/07/post-colonial-politics-in-somalia Post-Colonial Politics in Somalia]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Horseed Media (2023)</ref> Ka hor gumeysiga, beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay ka mid ahayd Boqortooyada Boqor Cismaan, halkaas oo ay haysteen jagooyin muhiim ah.<ref>[https://www.somalistudies.org/somali-sultanates-and-their-influence Somali Sultanates and Their Influence]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Somali Studies Journal (2023)</ref> Kadib madaxbannaanida Soomaaliya ee 1960, xubno ka tirsan beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay haysteen jagoyin sarre oo ku jiray dowladdii cusub, oo ay ku jiraan janaraallo iyo wasiirro.<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/historical-political-leaders-of-somalia Historical Political Leaders of Somalia], Garowe Online (2023)</ref> Sidoo kale, beesha waxay door hoggaamineed ka ciyaartay aasaaska [[Puntland]] ee 1998, oo ah gobol madax-bannaan oo ku yaal waqooyiga bari ee Soomaaliya.<ref>[https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/Sept/191876/the-formation-of-puntland-and-its-clan-structure.aspx The Formation of Puntland and Its Clan Structure], Hiiraan Online (2023)</ref> Ila maanta, beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay weli tahay ciyaaryahan saameyn ku leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka bulshada ee Soomaaliya. {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | settlement_type = District | image_map = Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 10px | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Africa. | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Somalia]] {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regional State]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Region]] | subdivision_name2 = Uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[District]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Ufayn District]] | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1958 | area_total_km2 = 38 | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | area_code = +252 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Ahmed Abshir Said }} == Territory == Beesha '''[[Cali Jibrahil]]''' waxay si weyn ugu nool yihiin gobollada [[Bari]] iyo [[Karkaar]] ee waqooyi-bari Soomaaliya, halkaas oo ay ka mid yihiin qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadka deegaanka.<ref>[https://www.somali-forum.com/articles/overview-of-northern-somalia Somalia's Northern Regions: An Overview]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gobolka [[Bari]], oo ah gobolka ugu weyn Soomaaliya, beesha ayaa si ballaaran ugu firfircoon.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343451542_The_Geography_and_Ethnicity_of_Puntland The Geography and Ethnicity of Puntland]</ref> Beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay si gaar ah uga dhisan yihiin meelaha magaalooyinka waaweyn sida [[Bosaso]] iyo [[Ufeyn]], kuwaas oo la tixgeliyo inay yihiin caasimadda siyaasadeed iyo dhaqameed ee beesha.<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/bosaso-economic-and-political-impact Bosaso: Economic and Political Overview]</ref> Bosaso, oo ah magaalada ugu weyn Puntland, sidoo kale waxay leedahay dadweyne badan oo ka tirsan beesha Cali Jibrahil, kuwaas oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara nolosha dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda magaalada.<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/bosaso-economic-and-political-impact Bosaso: Economic and Political Overview]</ref> Beesha Cali Jibrahil sidoo kale waxay leedahay diaspora ballaaran oo ku fidsan meelo kala duwan oo caalamka ah, gaar ahaan Bariga Yurub, Bariga Dhexe, Yurub, Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyo Kanada.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332761255_The_Somali_Diaspora_Trends_and_Impact The Somali Diaspora: Trends and Impact]</ref> == Cali Jibrahil Leadership == Beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay yeelatay hogaamiyayaal kala duwan taariikhdeeda, laakiin hadda, Afar hogaamiye ee ugu muhiimsan ee beesha waa: * Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed * Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax * Garaad Maxamuud Diriye Cumar * Suldaan Maxamed Muuse Yusuf [[File:Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Suldaanka beesha Cali Jibrahil Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed]]Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed waa hogaamiyaha ugu sareeya ee beesha Cali Jibrahil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Source 19|url=https://www.example.com |date=2023}}</ref> Waxa uu miray jagadaas kadib geeridii aabihiis, Suldaan Maxamed Suldaan Aadan, waxaana tan iyo markaas uu mas'uul ka yahay hagidda beesha arrimaha siyaasadeed, bulsho, iyo dhaqan. Sida hogaamiyaha ugu sareeya, Suldaan Nuur wuxuu leeyahay door muhiim ah oo ku saabsan ilaalinta midnimada beesha, matalaada danahooda Puntland, iyo sii wadida hogaaminta uu aabihiis dhaxlay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Source 20|url=https://www.example.com |date=2023}}</ref> Aabihiis, Suldaan Maxamed Suldaan Aadan Maxamuud (1932–2011), wuxuu ahaa hogaamiyaha beesha Cali Jibrahil muddo 19 sano ah, laga bilaabo 1992 ilaa 2011. Ka hor inta uusan noqon Suldaan, wuxuu hore u haystay jagada saameynta leh ee beesha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Source 21|url=https://www.example.com |date=2023}}</ref> Suldaan Maxamed wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah aas-aasayaashii Puntland ee 1998 wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray qaabeynta siyaasadda gobolka. Waxa uu si weyn ugu ixtiraamayay xirfadiisa dhex-dhexaadinta wuxuuna caan ku ahaa inuu mideeyo beelaha dagaallamaya, gudaha Puntland iyo guud ahaan Soomaaliya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Source 22|url=https://www.example.com |date=2023}}</ref> Awooddiisa wadaxaajoodka iyo dib-u-heshiisiinta ayaa ka dhigtay inuu noqdo shaqsi saameyn weyn ku leh siyaasadda Soomaaliya. == Lineage == * Cali Jibrahil ** Maxamed Cali (Reer Gurey) ** Xuseen Cali ** Cumar Cali ** Cismaan Cali *** Muuse Cismaan *** Cabdi Cismaan **** Ciise Cabdi **** Cali Cabdi **** Maxamuud Cabdi **** Ismacil Cabdi ***** Muumin Ismacil ***** Aadan Ismacil ***** Maxamed Ismacil ***** Macawiye Ismacil ****** Cabdiraxman Macawiye ****** Farax Macawiye ****** Siciid Macawiye ****** Samatar Macawiye (Maxamed Naaleeye) <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Abtirsi.com : Cali Jibrahil *majeirtein* |url=https://www.abtirsi.com/view.php?person=11066&abtirsiLang=1 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.abtirsi.com |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120204759/https://www.abtirsi.com/view.php?person=11066&abtirsiLang=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Prominent Figures == * Cabdulcasiis Qambi Guhaad – Xildhibaan ka tirsan baarlamaanka dowladda dhexe ee Soomaaliya. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allsanaag.com/xildhibaan-cabdulcasiis-qambi-guhaad/|title=Cabdulcasiis Qambi Guhaad, Xildhibaan ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|publisher=AllSanaag.com|date=2023}}</ref> * Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax – Qof caan ah oo ka tirsan beesha, oo leh saameyn ku dhex leh arrimaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cw4e0zwe7xlo|title=Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax oo ka hadlay xaaladda Soomaaliya|publisher=BBC Somali|date=2023}}</ref> * Suldaan Maxamed Suldaan Aadan Maxamuud (1932–2011) – Hogaamiyihii hore ee beesha iyo mid ka mid ah aas-aasayaashii Puntland. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.example.com|title=Suldaan Maxamed Suldaan Aadan: His Legacy in Puntland|publisher=Somali Government|date=2023}}</ref> * Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed – Hogaamiyaha hadda ee beesha Cali Jibrahil. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://puntlandpost.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Koobigii-ugu-dambeeyey-SAJ-Re.pdf|title=Koobigii ugu dambeeyey Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed|publisher=Puntland Post|date=2022}}</ref> * Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax – Qof caan ah oo ka tirsan beesha, oo leh saameyn ku dhex leh arrimaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://bbc.com/somali/articles/cw4e0zwe7xlo|title=Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax Profile|publisher=BBC Somali|date=2020}}</ref> * Garaad Maxamuud Diriye Cumar – Qof muhiim ah oo ka tirsan beesha, oo firfircoon arrimaha diblomaasiyadeed ee gudaha iyo caalamka. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somaligov.net/|title=Garaad Maxamuud Diriye Cumar's Role in Diplomacy|publisher=Somali Government|date=2021|access-date=2025-02-22|archive-date=2025-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221100547/http://www.somaligov.net/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == See Also == * [[Majeerteen]] * [[Darod]] * [[Puntland]] * [[Harti]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://www.garoweonline.com/en Garowe Online] – Somali news source covering politics, history, and clan affairs. * [https://www.hiiraan.com Hiiraan Online] – A major Somali news platform with historical and political insights. * [https://www.horseedmedia.net Horseed Media] – Somali news and analysis on cultural and historical developments. * [https://www.somalistudies.org Somali Studies] {{Wayback|url=https://www.somalistudies.org/ |date=20251112205920 }} – Academic research and publications on Somali clans and history. * [https://gsdrc.org/publications/somali-networks-structures-of-clan-and-society/ Somali Networks – Structures of Clan and Society] {{Wayback|url=https://gsdrc.org/publications/somali-networks-structures-of-clan-and-society/ |date=20240113081648 }} – An academic study on Somali clan structures and societal networks. * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375421599_FROM_CLANS_TO_COLONIALS_TO_CONTEMPORARY_TIMES_THE_SHIFTING_DYNAMICS_OF_SOMALI_SOCIAL_ECONOMIC_AND_CULTURAL_LIFE From Clans to Colonials to Contemporary Times: The Shifting Dynamics of Somali Social, Economic, and Cultural Life] – A scholarly article examining the evolution of Somali clans and their societal impact. * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325182705_State_and_Clan_Violence_in_Somalia State and Clan Violence in Somalia] – An academic paper discussing the interplay between state and clan-related violence in Somalia. lslp95akdclqswqdq62npe7tviteq9h 0 42844 304124 287406 2026-08-06T00:20:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = Ana Hickmann | image = Senado Federal 65 anos TV Record 15 Ana Hickmann.jpg | caption = Hickmann sanadka 2018 | birth_name = Ana Lúcia Hickmann | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|3|1|df=yes}}<ref name="fmd">{{fashionmodel|id=Ana_Hickmann|name=Ana Hickmann}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Santa Cruz do Sul]], Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil | nationality = | occupation = {{hlist|Television presenter|businesswoman}} | spouse = {{marriage|Alexandre Corrêa|1998|2024|reason=div}} | children = 1 | haircolor = Hurdi | eyecolor = Buluug | height = {{height|m=1.85}}<ref name="fmd" /> | agency = 2pm Maamulka Model | alias = | website = {{URL|http://anahickmann.com.br/}} }} '''Ana Lúcia Hickmann''' ( Boortiiqiiska: [ˈɐ̃nɐ ʁikiˈmɐ̃n] ; dhashay 1 Maarso 1981 waa soo jeediye telefishan Brazilian ah, haweeney ganacsato ah iyo moodel hore oo u soo shaqeysay Victoria's Secret , Nivea , L'Oreal , Wella , Clairol iyo Bloomingdales . Waxay ka soo muuqatay nooca Koonfur Afrika ee Isboortiga Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , nooca Talyaaniga ee GQ , iyo daboolka Brazilian Vogue , Marie Claire , iyo Elle . Iyadu hadda waxay ka qayb-qaadataa bandhigga TV-ga maalinlaha ah ee Brazil waxayna leedahay dhar iyada u gaar ah, dahabka, qurxinta iyo alaabada. Hickmann ayaa sidoo kale caan ku ah lugaheeda dhererkoodu yahay 120 sentimitir, waxaana mar lagu daray buuga Guinness World Records oo lagu daray "Modelka leh lugaha ugu dheer Waxaa loo magacaabay mid ka mid ah haweenka ugu quruxda badan adduunka GQ Italia 2001. ==Xirfad== ===Qaabaynta=== Model ahaan, waxay ku jishay xayaysiisyada waxayna ku socotay wadada runway ee naqshadeeyayaasha sida Giorgio Armani , Roberto Cavalli , Betsey Johnson , Kenzo , Hanae Mori , Alexandre Herchcovitch , Emanuel Ungaro , Lorenzo Riva , Leonard , Lolita Lempicka , Yves Saint Yaman Schwarzkopf .​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ ​Recco, Britania, iyo kuwo kale. Sannadkii 2002, waxay ku socotay Showga Fashion-ka sirta ah ee Victoria , waxayna sidoo kale xiddigtay fiidiyowga "Waa maxay sexy?" waxaa agaasimay Michael Bay Bishii Juun 2004 ee Isbuuca Fashion ee São Paulo , waxay ku socotay wadada runway ee xariiqeeda daabacaadda xayawaanka ee bikinis iyada oo la kaashanaysa calaamadda Sais de Cor , iyada oo sita abeeso Albino Python ah oo qoorta ku duubtay. Waxay ahayd fikradda Hickmann in uu masku la socdo dhabbaha dayuuradaha. 2006, waxay bixisay casharro ku saabsan sida loogu socdo qaabka gabdhaha ee favela ee Heliópolis , ee São Paulo, ee bandhigga moodada ee lagu qabtay bulshada 27 August, gudaha barnaamijka bulshada ee shabakada Rede Record waxay ku samaysay meelo badan oo São Paulo ah oo lagu magacaabo "Dia de Fazer a Diferença" ("Maalinta Farqiga"). Hickmann waxa uu hablaha u soo agaasimay laba bandhig oo moodo ah, mid waxa uu sitay dharka arooska, midda kalena waxa ay sitay dhar ay sameeyeen koox dumar ah oo ka tirsan bulshada Heliópolis. 2005 iyo 2006, waxay ahayd gabadha-boodhka iyo danjiraha Tic Tac Mega Model , tartan lagu raadinayo noocyo cusub oo Brazil ah. On 25 June 2016, waxay ku socotaa dhabbaha ay ordaan markii ugu horeysay muddo toban sano ah iyada oo marti gaar ah ka ah bandhigga xiritaanka toddobaadka Fashion-ka Angola ee Luanda . Waxay soo martay dhabbaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan iyadoo xidhan lebbiska Fiu Negru oo ay si gaar ah u samaysay nashqadeeyaha Angola u dhashay ee Mariangela Almeida. ===Ganacsade=== [[File:Ana_Hickmann_IMG_1834_(24347243190).jpg|thumb|Ana Hickmann iyo ninkeeda Alexandre Corrêa.]] Astaanteeda, AH (oo u gaaban Ana Hickmann), ayaa la bilaabay 2002 waxayna ka dhigtaa R$ 400 milyan sannadkii. Waxay hadda qaybisaa dharkeeda, cadar, bacaha, dahabka, saacadaha, kabaha, muraayadaha indhaha, muraayadaha indhaha iyo khadadka qurxinta, waxayna sidoo kale maamushaa istuudiyaha sawir qaadista iyo wakaalada DJ Khadkeeda ciddiyaha ayaa ka iibisay in ka badan 6 milyan oo unug gudaha Brazil 2014. Astaanteeda muraayadaha indhaha, Ana Hickmann Eyewear , waxaa lagu iibiyaa in ka badan 55 waddan oo u dhexeeya Yurub, Aasiya iyo qaaradda Ameerika. 2013, Hickmann waxay bilawday dukaankeedii ugu horreeyay ee dharka jirka, Ana Hickmann Outlet , oo ku taal xaafadda Lapa , ee São Paulo. 2016, waxay bilawday dukaanka Ana Hickmann Collection ee magaalada Bauru , oo ku taal gobolka dhexe ee gobolka São Paulo. Laga bilaabo 2017, calaamadeeda waxay leedahay lix dukaan oo ku yaal gobolada São Paulo iyo Paraná . Hickmann waxay bilawday kanaalkeeda YouTube-ka May 2, 2017. ===Qabanqaabiyaha TV-ga=== 2004, waxay aqbashay martiqaadka shabakadda TV-ga Brazil ee Rede Record si ay u soo bandhigto qaybta moodada ee bandhigga TV-ga Tudo a Ver , oo uu martigeliyay saxafiga Paulo Henrique Amorim . Laga soo bilaabo 2005 ilaa 2009, waxay si wadajir ah u martigelisay bandhigga TV-ga maalintii "Hoje em Dia" ("Maanta"), oo ku xigta Britto Jr iyo Eduardo Guedes ee Diiwaanka Rede. Sannadkii 2009, waxay bilowday inay martigeliso bandhigeeda TV-ga, iyadoo ku beddeshay Eliana Tudo É Possível ("Wax walba waa suurtogal"), galabnimada Axadda, sidoo kale Diiwaanka Rede. Sannadkii 2012, waxay martigelisay bandhigga dhabta ah ee Model Top, o Reality , taas oo qayb ka ahayd bandhigeeda Tudo É Possível oo ay dhiirigelisay Brazil's Next Top Model iyo Ameerika Next Top Model , kaas oo 14 nooc oo Hickmann kula noolaa gurigeeda Itu, São Paulo , iyo guuleystuhu wuxuu saxiixi doonaa qandaraas qandaraaska 1 ee qaabka R. ee astaanta Ana Hickmann muddo hal sano ah. Hickmann ma ahayn garsoore tartanka, waxayna kaliya u adeegtay doorka martigeliyaha. Laga soo bilaabo 2012 ilaa 2014, waxay si wadajir ah u martigelisay bandhigga TV-ga maalinlaha ah ee Programa da Tarde ("Barnaamijka Galabta") ee Diiwaanka Rede, (oo leh Britto Jr iyo Ticiane Pinheiro). Mid ka mid ah martida caadiga ah ee showgeeda waxay ahayd saaxirad Mario Kamia, kaas oo sameeyay khiyaamo iyo khiyaali kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah dhalanteedka Kamia ayaa ku lug lahaa in Hickmann loo isticmaalo kaaliyihiisa, oo ay ku jiraan u qaybinta saddex qaybood oo ah gabadha Zig-Zag oo ay ku aragtay kala badh iyadoo la adeegsanayo Buzz Saw. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, waxay la shaqeysay Hoje em Dia oo ay weheliso Celso Zucatelli, Ticiane Pinheiro iyo Renata Alves. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== [[File:Atores_do_Brasil_IMG_1830_(24275057379).jpg|thumb|Ana Hickmann sanadkii 2016.]] Hickmann, oo ah dhaxalka Jarmalka , ayaa mar lagu taxay Buugga Guinness ee Records World sida "Modelka leh lugaha ugu dheer", oo lagu qiyaaso 46.5 in (118 cm), laga soo bilaabo sinta ilaa ciribta, oo ka baxsan dhererka guud ee 73 in. Tan iyo 2002, liiska Guinness ma sii jiri doono. Hickmann waxay sheegtay in lugaheeda ay dhab ahaantii dhererkoodu yahay 120 cm oo ay xitaa ku cabbirtay TV-ga tooska ah . Ka sokow hooyo Boortaqiis , Hickmann waxay ku hadashaa Ingiriis, Jarmal, Talyaani, Faransiis iyo Isbaanish. Waxay ku jirtay lambarka 47 iyo lambarka 85 ee Maxim Hot 100 Haweenka 2004, iyo 2005, siday u kala horreeyaan. 14-kii Febraayo 1998-kii, markay ahayd 16 jir, waxay guursatay moodelkii hore ee Alexandre Corrêa. Bishii Agoosto 2013 Hickmann waxay ku dhawaaqday inay uur leedahay ilmahii ugu horreeyay ee lammaanaha. Waxay dhashay wiilkooda, Alexandre, 7 March 2014. 21kii Maajo 2016, Hickmann waxa uu ahaa dhibane isku day dil markii Rodrigo Augusto de Pádua uu soo galay qolka huteelka oo ay ku sugnayd oo uu rasaas ku furay iyada, dumaashideed iyo dumaashideed. Hickmann lama garaacin laakiin dumaashideed ayaa qaaday laba xabbadood oo cusbitaal ayaa la dhigay. Ninka falkan geystay oo taageere u ahaa Ana, ayaa lagu toogtay isla goobta. Bishii Nofembar 2023, ka dib dhacdo rabshad qoys, waxay maxkamadda ka codsatay furiin ninkeeda Furriinka waxaa aqbalay maxkamaduhu bishii Maajo 2024. ===Filmography=== {| class="wikitable" |+ TV |- ! Sannadka !! Ciwaanka!! Xafiiska !! Xusuusin |- | 2004–2005 || ''Tudo a Ver'' || Columnist || |- | 2005–2009 || ''Hoje em Dia'' || Presenter || |- | 2006 || ''Prova de Amor'' || Herself || Episode: 12 January 2006 |- | 2009 -2012 || ''Tudo É Possível'' || Presenter || |- | 2012 ||''Top Model, o Reality'' || Presenter || |- | 2012–2015 || ''Programa da Tarde'' || Presenter || |- | 2015–present || ''Hoje em Dia'' || Presente || |- | 2018 || ''Bancando o Chef'' || Participant || Season 1 |- | 2020–present || ''Hair o reality dos cabelos''||Presenter || |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Internetka |- ! Sanadka!! Ciwaanka!! Xafiiska !! Baraha Bulshada |- |2017–present || ''Canal Ana Hickmann'' || Presenter ||YouTube |} ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20110709185619/http://www.maxim.com/amg/girls/girls-of-maxim/44640/ana-hickmann.html "Maqaal ku saabsan Ana in MAXIM"] [https://lucire.com/2001/0724ll1.shtml "Lucire Living: Soo noqoshada supermodel - Ana Hickmann (sii socota) - Joornaalka moodada caalamiga ah"] [https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2016/05/21/interna_gerais,764981/ana-hickmann-ja-esteve-na-lista-das-mais-bonitas-do-mundo.shtml "Ana Hickmann já esteve na lista das mulheres mais bonitas do mundo - Gerais - Estado de Minas"] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZcrSsebNyY "Malaa'igaha Brazil - Bandhigga Dharka Qarsoon ee Victoria 2002"] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z173yKZCw_g "SIRTA VICTORIA Ganacsiga 'Waa Maxay Sexy' Gisele Bundchen, Laetitia Casta, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Ana Hickman"] [https://www.ofuxico.com.br/noticias/ana-hickmann-da-aulas-de-modelo-para-meninas-de-heliopolis/ "Ana Hickmann dá aulas de modelo para meninas de Heliópolis"] [https://propmark.com.br/white-incrementa-divulgacao-do-tic-tac-mega-model/ "White incrementa divulgação do Tic Tac Mega Model"] {{Wayback|url=https://propmark.com.br/white-incrementa-divulgacao-do-tic-tac-mega-model/ |date=20241228234519 }} [https://recordtv.r7.com/domingo-espetacular/domingo-espetacular-mostra-a-volta-de-ana-hickmann-as-passarelas-depois-de-dez-anos-em-angola-29062022 "Domingo Espetacular mostra a volta de Ana Hickmann às passarelas depois de dez anos, em Angola"] [https://www.purepeople.com.br/noticia/ana-hickmann-fatura-r-400-milhoes-por-ano-com-marca-que-leva-seu-nome_a62882/1 "Ana Hickmann fatura R$ 400 milhões por ano com marca que leva seu nome"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170401205732/http://elle.abril.com.br/moda/ana-hickmann-comemora-15-anos-de-sua-linha-de-oculos/ "Ana Hickmann comemora 15 anos de sua linha de óculos"] [https://www.socialbauru.com.br/2017/03/03/ana-hickmann-vem-a-bauru-para-inauguracao-da-primeira-franquia-de-sua-loja/ "Ana Hickmann vem a Bauru para inauguração da primeira franquia de sua loja"] [http://recordtv.r7.com/video/ana-hickmann-faz-balanco-de-2012-e-conta-novidades-do-programa-da-tarde-52a93341596f998cfd015c88/ "Ana Hickmann faz balanço de 2012 e conta novidades do Programa da Tarde"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/revista-da-tv/ana-hickmann-volta-ao-hoje-em-dia-ao-lado-de-cesar-filho-recem-contratado-da-record-15011911 "Ana Hickmann volta ao 'Hoje em dia' ao lado de César Filho, recém-contratado da Record"] [https://lucire.com/2001/0120ll0-paolo.shtml "Lucire Living, Jannaayo 2001: Ana Hickmann, muuqaalkeeda kor u kaca, iyo taajka Gisele Bundchen - Joornaalka moodada caalamiga ah"] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfFhNeSZHWE "Ex-modelo quer o título de mulher com as maiores pernas do mundo"] [https://revistaquem.globo.com/QUEM-News/noticia/2014/02/marido-de-ana-hickmann-posta-foto-do-dia-do-casamento-dos-dois.html "Marido de Ana Hickmann posta foto do dia do casamento dos dois"] [http://tvefamosos.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2016/05/21/ana-hickmann-sofre-ataque-de-fa-armado-em-hotel-de-minas-gerais.htm "Ana Hickmann sofre tentativa de homicídio em hotel de Minas Gerais"] [https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/caso-ana-hickmann-o-que-sabemos-sobre-a-denuncia-de-agressao-da-apresentadora-contra-o-marido/ "Caso Ana Hickmann: o que sabemos sobre a denúncia de agressão da apresentadora contra o marido"] [https://g1.globo.com/sp/sorocaba-jundiai/noticia/2024/05/24/justica-aceita-pedido-de-divorcio-de-ana-hickmann-e-alexandre-correa.ghtml "Justiça aceita pedido de divórcio de Ana Hickmann e Alexandre Correa"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons|Category:Ana Hickmann|Ana Hickmann}} [https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/ana_hickmann/ Ana Hickmann] [http://www.anahickmann.com.br/ Mareegta rasmiga ah] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anahickmann.com.br/ |date=20201216183821 }} 75th5izzpw8aamuyslsny60wdv8dvjv 0 43018 304138 299890 2026-08-06T02:20:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Chloe Lanier | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = <!-- Valid citation required for full name for BLP. (WP:BLPPRIVACY) --> | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Jilaa | years_active = 2009–hadda | spouse = | children = | relatives = }} '''Chloe Lanier''' waa jilaa Mareykan ah. Waxay caan ku tahay doorkeeda ABC saabuunta opera General Hospital oo ah Nelle Benson oo xun Sawirkeeda, Lanier waxaa loo magacaabay seddex maalin oo isku xigta Abaalmarinnada Emmy Awards ee Jilaaga da'da yar ee Wanaagsan ee Taxane Riwaayad ah , isagoo ku guuleystay 2018. ==Xirfad== Lanier waxay bilawday shaqadeeda 2009 markii ay u jilaysay Lisa filimka "Saamaynta Musiibada" . Waxay markii dambe ku biirtay kabka xaasaska Ciidanka ee 2012 doorka soo noqnoqda ee Penny. Sanadkii 2014, waxay marti ku noqotay dhacdo NCIS iyada oo ah Emma Carter waxayna ka soo muuqatay filimka North Blvd as Young Elaine. 2015, waxay ka soo muuqatay laba qaybood oo ka mid ah Cisbitaalka Guud iyada oo ah Patricia Spencer da'da yar ee sheeko-guurada 52aad. Lanier waxa ay ku sifaysay dhagaysigeeda doorka in ay tahay mid sir ah. Waxaa lagu taxay "Gabadh No.2," waxay markii hore u malaysay inay tahay door asal ah. Ka dib markii ay akhriday sharaxaadda jilaha, way la dhacday taas oo keentay in qalbigu beddelo. Waxay go'aansatay inay u tagto ka dib markii ay ku qancisay saaxiibkeed Isla sanadkaas, waxay marti-galisay Stalker sidii Sage. Markii Cisbitaalka Guud markii hore uu qorsheynayay in uu tuuro doorka Nelle Benson , Lanier waxa uu ku mashquulsanaa u soo bixidda Chelsea ee Boqortooyada . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah Laura Wright ( Carly Corinthos ) iyo Soo-saare Sare Frank Valentini waxay ku adkaysteen in haddii qof uu ciyaaro Nelle, waa in uu ahaado Lanier, sheekada sheekada waa la hakiyay ilaa ay diyaar u tahay. Lanier ayaa markii dambe shaaca ka qaaday Soap Opera Digest in Frank Valentini uu u wacay iyada shaqsi ahaan kuna qanciyay inay aqbasho doorka Waxay ku soo noqotay Cisbitaalka Guud 2016, markan doorka qandaraaska ee Nelle Hayes [Benson]. Qaybteedii ugu horreysay ee Nelle waxay sii daysay Agoosto 8, 2016. Bishii Nofeembar 2016, waxay ka shaqeysay filimka madaxbannaan, Gorman , oo sidoo kale cinwaan looga dhigay Quail Lake , halkaas oo ay ku ciyaartay doorka hoggaamineed ee Brittany. Lanier waxa uu ka tagay doorkii qandaraaska Nelle Benson ee Cisbitaalka Guud bishii Agoosto 2018, laakiin wuxuu sameeyay dhowr muuqaal oo marti ah dabayaaqadii sanadkaas. Waxay mar kale dib u celisay doorka Nelle usbuuca Juun 10, 2019 waxayna ku jirtay xaalad soo noqnoqonaysa saabuunta ka dib aargoosigaas, oo u muuqday si isdaba joog ah ilaa Sebtembar 2020 . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Bishii Maarso 2020, waxaa la sheegay inay leedahay astaamo COVID-19 , laakiin way awoodi wayday in la baaro helitaanka xaddidan awgeed. ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ Liiska bandhigyada filimada |- ! scope="col"| Sannadka ! scope="col"| Ciwaanka ! scope="col"| Doorka ! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Xusuusin |- ! scope="row"| 2009 | ''The Effects of Butterfly'' | Lisa | |- ! scope="row"| 2014 | ''North Blvd'' | Young Elaine | |- ! scope="row"| 2019 | ''Quail Lake'' | Brittany | |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ List of television performances |- ! scope="col"| Sannadka ! scope="col"| Ciwaanka ! scope="col"| Doorka ! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Xusuusin |- ! scope="row"| 2012 | ''[[GCB (TV series)|GCB]]'' | Ice Cream Vendor | Episode: Pilot; Uncredited{{cn|date=October 2022}} |- ! scope="row"| 2012–2013 | ''[[Army Wives]]'' | Penny | Recurring role (seasons 6–7) |- ! scope="row"| 2014 | ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'' | Emma Carter | Episode: "Shooter" |- ! scope="row"| 2015 | ''[[Stalker (TV series)|Stalker]]'' | Sage | Episode: "Lost and Found" |- ! scope="row"| 2015 | ''[[General Hospital]]'' | [[Pat Spencer (General Hospital)|Patricia Spencer]] | 2 episodes |- ! scope="row"| 2016 | ''[[Kingdom (American TV series)|Kingdom]]'' | Chelsea | 3 episodes |- ! scope="row"| 2016–2020, 2022 | ''General Hospital'' | [[Nelle Benson]] | Contract role (2016–2018); Recurring role (2018–2020); Guest role (2022) |- ! scope="row"| 2021 | ''[[NCIS: Hawaiʻi|NCIS: Hawai'i]]'' | Kayla Barlow | Episode: "The Tourist" |- ! scope="row"| 2022 | ''[[9-1-1 (TV series)|9-1-1]]'' | Deena | Episode: "Starting Over" |- ! scope="row"| 2023 | ''[[Station 19]]'' | Clara | Episode: "Even Better Than the Real Thing" |- ! scope="row"| 2024 | ''[[Law & Order]]'' | Chelsea Shell | Episode: "No Good Deed" |} ==Abaalmarinta iyo magacaabista== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! Sannadka ! Abaalmarinta ! Qaybta ! Shaqada ! Natiijada ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | {{center|[[44th Daytime Emmy Awards|2017]]}} | [[Daytime Emmy Award]]s | [[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series|Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series]] | ''[[General Hospital]]'' | {{nom}} |{{center|<ref name="NATAS 2017">{{cite web |title=The 44th Annual Daytime Emmy Award Nominations |url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_44th_nominations_v02.pdf |publisher=emmyonline.org and [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] |accessdate=April 20, 2017 |date=March 22, 2017 |location=[[New York City]] |archive-date=Bisha Shanaad 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503025016/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_44th_nominations_v02.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} |- | {{center|[[45th Daytime Emmy Awards|2018]]}} | Daytime Emmy Awards | Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series | ''General Hospital'' | {{won}} | {{center|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/ghs-chloe-lanier-wins-younger-lead-actress/|title= GH's Chloe Lanier Wins Younger Lead Actress|work=[[Soap Opera Digest]]|agency=Odyssey Magazine Publishing Group Inc.|publisher=[[American Media, Inc.]]|date=April 29, 2018}}</ref>}} |- | {{center|[[46th Daytime Emmy Awards|2019]]}} | Daytime Emmy Awards | Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series | ''General Hospital'' | {{nom}} | {{center|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/daytime-emmys-nominations-2019-days-of-our-lives-general-hospital-young-and-the-restless-1202579062/|title=Daytime Emmy Nominations: 'Days Of Our Lives' Leads Programs & CBS Tops Networks|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 20, 2019}}</ref>}} |} ==Tixraac== [https://www.pressreader.com/usa/abc-soaps-in-depth/20170410/283613875001929 "Kaliya hal-Laura Wright (Carly) waxay ahayd inay haysato Chloe ee Nelle!"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170424004302/http://michaelfairmansoaps.com/news/ghs-chloe-lanier-dishes-on-playing-the-mysterious-nelle-her-vendetta-against-carly/2016/12/01/ "H's Chloe Lanier Suxuunta Markay Ciyaarayaan Nelle Dahsoon & Vendetta Ka Hortagga Carly!"] [https://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/exclusive-chloe-lanier-dishes-gh-return/ "Kaar ah: Chloe Lanier Suxuunta GH Soo Celinta"] [https://dailysoapdish.com/2020/03/abc-general-hospital-spoilers-chloe-lanier-nelle-benson-suffering-from-covid-19-coronavirus-symptoms-entire-general-hospital-cast-at-risk-now/ 'Cisbitaalka Guud': Chloe Lanier (Nelle Benson) oo la il daran Covid-19 (Coronavirus) Calaamadaha - Dhammaan Cisbitaalka Guud oo Dhan Halis Ayaa Ku Jira Hadda?"] {{Wayback|url=https://dailysoapdish.com/2020/03/abc-general-hospital-spoilers-chloe-lanier-nelle-benson-suffering-from-covid-19-coronavirus-symptoms-entire-general-hospital-cast-at-risk-now/ |date=20220306022510 }} [http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_44th_nominations_v02.pdf "Magacaabista Abaalmarinta Emmy ee 44-aad ee Sannadlaha ah"] {{Wayback|url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_44th_nominations_v02.pdf |date=20200503025016 }} [https://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/ghs-chloe-lanier-wins-younger-lead-actress/ "Chloe Lanier ee GH wuxuu ku guuleystey jilaaga hogaanka da'da yar"] [https://deadline.com/2019/03/daytime-emmys-nominations-2019-days-of-our-lives-general-hospital-young-and-the-restless-1202579062/ "Magacaabista Emmy Maalintii: 'Maalmaha Nolosheenna' Barnaamijyada Hogaaminta & Shabakadaha Sare ee CBS"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:3332720|Chloe Lanier]] ee [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] eth7a7yvugtixxz0yjedfmjal6tyjwp 0 43440 304167 286247 2026-08-06T05:41:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sailor | name = {{br list | Jenny Armstrong | {{post-nominals|country=AUS|OAM|size=80%}} }} | image = | caption = | fullname = Jennifer Margaret Armstrong | birth_date = {{birth date and age|3 March 1970}} | birth_place = [[Dunedin]], New Zealand | height = {{convert|171|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|59|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | spouse = | show-medals = Haa | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport | Women's [[sailing (sport)|sailing]] }} {{MedalCountry | {{AUS}} }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]] }} {{MedalGold | [[Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Sydney]] | [[Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 470|Women's 470]] }} }} '''Jennifer Margaret Armstrong''' OAM (waxay dhalatay 3 Maarso 1970) waa badmaax Olombikada oo ka timid New Zealand. Ka dib markii ay u tartamaysay dalkeeda hooyo ee Olombikada 1992, waxay u guurtay Australia 1996 waxayna ku guulaysatay dahab taariikhi ah oo shiraac ah waddankeedii ay korsatay ee Olombikada 2000. ==Nolosha hore== Armstrong wuxuu ku dhashay 1970-kii Dunedin , New Zealand, John iyo Robyn Armstrong Armstrong waxa uu dhigtey Dugsiga Sare ee Gabdhaha ee Otago halkaas. ==U dhoofaya New Zealand== Dunedin gudaheeda, Armstrong waa xubin ka tirsan Naadiga Doomaha ee Ravensbourne Waxay tagtay 1992 Olombikada Xagaaga ee Barcelona , ​​​​Spain waxayna u tartantay fasalka Yurub ee New Zealand, iyada oo ku soo baxday kaalinta afraad ee tartankaas Armstrong wuxuu ku qoran yahay lambarka Olympian-ka New Zealand 592. ==U dhoofitaanka Australia== Armstrong wuxuu guursaday Erik Stibbe, oo u dhashay Holland oo ku dhashay tababaraha badmaaxa. Waxay u guureen Australia 1996-kii markii uu heshiis ku gaaray inuu tababare u noqdo badmaaxiinta orodka olombikada ee Australia Gudaha Australia waxay ku xidhnayd Naadiga Doonyaha Doonyaha Dhexe ee Harbor ee Mosman, New South Wales . Armstrong waxa ay ka qayb gashay ciyaaraha Olombikada xagaaga ee 2000 ee Australia magaaladeeda cusub ee Sydney waxayna kula tartantay fasalka 470 Belinda Stowell oo u dhalatay Zimbabwe . Waxay ku guulaysteen biladii dahabka ahayd ee u horaysay ee Australia ay ku hesho badmareenada muddo 28 sano ah 16 Jannaayo 2001, Armstrong waxaa la guddoonsiiyay Biladda Isboortiga Australia Toban maalmood ka dib 26 Janaayo 2001, waxaa la siiyay Amarka Australia ee adeegga ciyaaraha iyadoo ah bilad dahab ah Ciyaaraha Olombikada Sydney 2000 470 World Championships , Armstrong iyo Stowell waxay ku guuleysteen qalin labadaba 2000 iyo 2001. Armstrong iyo Stowell ayaa loo caleemo saaray haweeneyda Australia Yachtsman ee sanadka labadaba 2000–01 iyo 2001–02 Armstrong iyo Stowell ayaa mar kale u tartamay Australia 2004tii Olombikada Xagaaga ee fasalka 470 iyo sanadkaas, waxay yimaadeen 14th. Armstrong wuxuu ka fariistay badmaaxidda caalamiga ah ka dib ciyaarihii Olombikada 2004 2016, Armstrong iyo ninkeeda waxay ku biireen naadiga Otago Yacht Club Sannadkii 2017, Armstrong iyo Stowell waxay ahaayeen dad daahfuray oo ka dhacay Hallka Fame ee Sailing ee Australia . ==Tixraac== [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/olympics/news/article.cfm?c_id=502&objectid=153190 "Sailing: Halkan waxaa ah bilad dahab ah oo la wadaagayo, ayay tiri Jenny"] [http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/82745/otago-girls-high-school-honours-its-olympians "Dugsiga Sare ee Gabdhaha Otago wuxuu sharfayaa ciyaartoydiisa Olombikada"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/82745/otago-girls-high-school-honours-its-olympians |date=20150924091238 }} [https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/words-wisdom-young-sailors "Erayada xigmadda ee badmaaxiinta da'da yar"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417185459/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1992/SAI/womens-one-person-dinghy.html "Ka dhoofinta Ciyaaraha Xagaaga Barcelona 1992: Hal Qof Dumar ah Dinghy"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417185343/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/2000/SAI/womens-two-person-dinghy.html "Ka dhoofinta Ciyaaraha Xagaaga ee Sydney 2000: Labada Qof ee Haweenka Dinghy"] [http://www.sailing.org.au/yachtsman-of-the-year/ "Yachtsman of the Year - Yachting Australia"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417185214/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/2004/SAI/womens-two-person-dinghy.html "Ku dhoofinta Ciyaaraha Xagaaga ee 2004 ee Athina: Labada Qof ee Haweenka Dinghy"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180312043930/https://sailinghalloffame.org.au/inductee/sir-william-bill-northam-cbe-peter-pod-odonnell-and-james-dick-sargeant/ "Jenny Armstrong OAM iyo Belinda Stowell OAM] [https://www.odt.co.nz/sport/sailing/new-arrivals-revitalise-club "Dadka cusub waxay soo nooleeyaan naadiga"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.sailing.org/sailor/?ref=AUSJA4 Jenny Armstrong] oo ku sugan Sailing World [https://web.archive.org/web/1/https://data-isaf.soticcloud.net/biog.php?memberid=34142 Jenny Armstrong] oo ku sugan Sailing Adduunka [https://www.olympics.com/en/athletes/jennifer-margaret-armstrong Jenny Armstrong] oo jooga Olympics.com [https://www.olympic.org.nz/athletes/jenny-armstrong/ Jenny Armstrong] oo ka tirsan guddiga Olombikada New Zealand [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/60904 Jenny Armstrong] ee Olympedia duugufdcw03bo83ct1fkoy2z00tnsh3 0 44749 304200 301461 2026-08-06T11:25:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Yvonne Enakhena | image = | citizenship = Nigerian | alt = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Lagos]] | years_active = | occupation = Atariisho<br>soo saaraha filimada | parents = }} '''Yvonne Enakhena''' waa jilaa reer Nigeria ah iyo soo saare filim. ==Waxbarashada== Enakhena waxa uu shahaadada Masraxa iyo Farshaxanka Warbaahinta ka qaatay Jaamacadda Lagos . ==Xirfad== Waddada shaqadeeda ayay sheegtay in lagu dhibaateeyay markii ay door raadinaysay Yvonne Enakhena waxay bilawday jilista 2012. Waxay caan ku noqotay doorkeedii jilaa ee taxanaha Hotel Majestic Sannadkii 2017, waxay soo saartay filim iyada u gaar ah oo cinwaankeedu yahay Trace . ==Tixraac== [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/i-fasted-seven-days-for-movie-role/ "Waxaan u soomay todobo maalmood doorka filimka - Yvonne Enakhena"] [https://www.legit.ng/56864.html "Waan u qallalay 7 maalmood oo aan door ka qaadanayo filimka Nollywood"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.legit.ng/56864.html |date=20220727102531 }} [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/trace-blossom-chukwujekwu-bayray-mcwinzu-yvonne-enakhena-attend-premiere/c98ewrk "Blossom Chukwujekwu, Bayray Mcwinzu, Yvonne Enakhena waxay ka soo qayb galeen bandhiga"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/trace-blossom-chukwujekwu-bayray-mcwinzu-yvonne-enakhena-attend-premiere/c98ewrk |date=20220727125546 }} [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/yvonne-enakhena-condemns-infidelity-new-movie-trace/ "Yvonne Enakhena wuxuu cambaareeyay gaalnimada filimka cusub ee Trace"] [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2019-here-are-the-winners-of-11th-edition-in-kano/kdvbnj0 "Abaalmarinta BON 2019: Xiddigaha Nollywood waxay isugu imaanayaan daabacaaddii 11-aad gudaha Kano"] 5a7rwgk4rfupb0tsvenkdn941j2rss9 0 45155 304140 290786 2026-08-06T04:06:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Gbemi Olateru Olagbegi | image = Gbemi on set of Off Air with Gbemi and Toolz.jpg | caption = Gbemi oo hawada ka maqan oo wata Gbemi iyo Toolz sanadka 2023 | birthname = Gbemi Olateru Olagbegi | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|07|18}} | birth_place = [[Surulere]], [[Lagos]], Nigeria | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Pan-African, Lagos]] ([[M.Sc.|MSc, Warbaahinta & Comm]]), [[Jaamacadda Oakland]], [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA, Comm]]) | shaqo = [[Celebrity|Shakhsiyadda Warbaahinta]], Soo-saare Sare, Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka Kooxda, Suuqgeynta. | spouse = {{marriage|Femisoro Ajayi|2018}} | relatives = [[Bukunyi Olateru-Olagbegi]] | years_active = 2005–hadda }} '''Gbemi Olateru Olagbegi''' waa weriye hore uga tirsanaan jiray Nayjeeriya oo ka tirsan The Beat 99.9 FM (waxay is casishay Diseembar 2021, ganacsade iyo martigeliye ka tirsan barnaamijka "Off-Air with Gbemi & Toolz Gbemi waa gabadha uu awoowga u yahay Olowo oo geeriyooday Sir Olateru-Olagbegi II KBE. Sannadkii 2008, Gbemi waxay ku guuleysatay shakhsiyadda hawada sare ee sannadka ee Abaalmarinta Mustaqbalka Afrika Sannadkii 2015, Gbemi waxay aasaastay kabaha Gbemisoke Khad kabo ah oo loo sameeyay haweenka ku dhibtoonaya inay iibsadaan cabbirka kabaha saxda ah. Daabacaaddii shanaad ee Toddobaadka Fashion-ka ee Arise, Lagos sannadkii 2018, Gbemi waxay lug ku martay wadada tareenka ee FIA ​​Factory. Sannadkii 2019, Gbemi waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah wejiyada Megalectrics Ltd ee Rémy Martin. ==Nolosha hore== Gbemi waxa uu ku dhashay July 18, 1984, u dhashay Banke iyo Yemi Olateru-Olagbegi ee St. Nicholas Hospital , Lagos. Waxay dhigatay Pampers Private School, Surulere , Dugsiga Sare ee Navy Navy , Ojo intii u dhaxaysay 1993 iyo 1997 ka dibna waxay sii wadatay waxbarashadeeda dugsiga sare ee Queens College , Yaba halkaas oo ay ka qalinjabisay 2000. Waxay ka qaadatay BA xagga isgaarsiinta Jaamacadda Oakland , Rochester iyo MSc. ee Warbaahinta iyo Isgaarsiinta ee Jaamacadda Pan-Atlantic , Lagos . ==Tixraac== [https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/01/gbemi-olateru-olagbegi-leave-radio/ "Gbemi Olateru-Olagbegi Waxay Hoos U Dhacday Haadka Xusuusta Xili Ay Ku Dhawaaqday Maalintii Ugu Dambeysay Ee Raadiyaha"] [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/off-air-show-gbemi-toolz-2/ "Qaybo Kale Oo Xiiso Leh Oo Ka Mid Ah "Barnaamijka Arimaha Bulshada" Iyo Gbemi & Toolz waa kan. Daawo"] [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/our-best-friends-wedding-10-things-that-happened-on-season-1-finale/bbrf8tw "Arooska Saaxiibkayaga Ugu Wanaagsan" 10 shay oo dhacay xilli ciyaareedkii 1-aad ee finalka"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/our-best-friends-wedding-10-things-that-happened-on-season-1-finale/bbrf8tw |date=20230517044000 }} bplxd10ntejg70yaro2a73syd4i47zn 0 45451 304190 291407 2026-08-06T07:05:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Mbali Dhlamini | image = Mbali Dhlamini (cropped).jpg | caption = Dhlamini sanadkii 2020 | birth_place = [[Soweto]], Johannesburg, South Africa | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1990}} | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Johannesburg]]<br>[[Jaamacadda Witwatersrand]] | style = Sawir qaadis, daabacaad }} '''Mbali Dhlamini''' (wuxuu dhashay 1990) waa fannaanka Koonfur Afrika. Waxay inta badan ka shaqeysaa sawir qaadista iyo warbaahinta waqtiga ku saleysan ==Nolosha== Dhlamini wuxuu ku dhashay 1990 Soweto , Johannesburg Laga soo bilaabo 2008 ilaa 2009, waxay ku baratay daabacaadda istuudiyaha caddaynta farshaxanka ee Johannesburg. Waxay markaa wax ka baratay Farshaxanka Muuqaalka ee Jaamacadda Johannesburg , halkaas oo ay ka heshay Bachelor of Technology 2013. Kadib waxay wax ka baratay Jaamacadda Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, laga bilaabo 2014, iyada oo ka qalinjabisay Master of Arts ee 2015 Qoraalkeeda waxaa cinwaan looga dhigay, Master's maro: waddan qaanso roobaad ah, iyada oo loo marayo sahaminta iimaanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa ruuxiga ah ee Sion. Soweto Professor Raimi Gbadamosi iyo David Andrew waxay siiyeen Dhlamini taageero tacliimeed intii lagu jiray daraasaddeeda Mbali Dhlamini wuxuu ku nool yahay Johannesburg. ==Tixraac== [https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/%E2%80%98a-part-of-me-i%E2%80%99-mbali-dhlamini/cQGSPubLnKn5VA "Qeyb iga mid ah aniga" - Mbali Dhlamini"] [https://www.mercedes-benz.art/media/44-Years-DAC_Booklet_WEB.pdf "Saaxiibtinimada. Dabeecadda. Dhaqanka"] [https://javettup.art/news/visionary-award-winner-announced "Guulaystaha Abaalmarinta Aragtida Oo Lagu Dhawaaqay"] {{Wayback|url=https://javettup.art/news/visionary-award-winner-announced |date=20250104014028 }} aw2yzqmnyawja4567brnjqgw8f5ku6x 0 45741 304192 292042 2026-08-06T08:53:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sharon Hecker''' (waxay dhalatay 1966) waa taariikhyahan farshaxan oo Mareykan-Talyaani ah, naqdiye, agaasime, iyo la-taliye farshaxan. ==Waxbarashada== Sannadkii 1988, Hecker waxay qaadatay shahaadada BA ee Daraasaadka Renaissance ka dibna waxay qaadatay shahaadada Master of Arts ee Taariikhda Farshaxanka (1994) Jaamacadda Yale . Dabadeed sannadkii 1999, waxay dhammaysatay shahaadada Ph.D. ee Taariikhda Farshaxanka ee Jaamacadda California ee Berkeley ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707020038/https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/series/visual-cultures-and-italian-contexts/ "Dhaqannada Muuqaalka ah iyo Xaaladaha Talyaaniga: Daabacaadda Bloomsbury (Mareykanka)"] [https://artlaw.club/en/artlaw/authentication-state-of-the-art-and-future-perspectives "Xaqiijinta shaqooyinka farshaxanka: xaaladda waxyaabaha iyo aragtida mustaqbalka"] [https://www.andreaconcas.com/sharon-hecker-artedonna/ "Sharon Hecker | Curatrice iyo Storica dell'Arte | Arte Donna | ArteCONCAS"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.andreaconcas.com/sharon-hecker-artedonna/ |date=20251009050634 }} psnm7dwpcyqhz47ilg4gfrzivovr4ig 0 45869 304165 292056 2026-08-06T05:38:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Jaywon | image = Jaywon.jpg | image_size = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Oluwajuwonlo Iledare | native_name = | native_name_lang = | alias = Oba Orin | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|06|06}} | birth_place = [[Egbe]], [[Kogi State]], Nigeria | origin = | death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date 1st) --> | death_place = | genre = [[Afro pop music|Afropop]] | occupation = Fanaan, heesaa, jilaa | instrument = | years_active = 2005–hadda | label = Next World Music | associated_acts = {{flatlist| *[[Don Jazzy]] *[[Xasuusin (muusig)|Xasuusin]] *[[D'Banj]] *[[Tonto Dikeh]] *[[Olamide]] *[[Dr SID]] *[[Davido]] }} | website = <!-- {{URL|jaywon.net}} --> }} '''Oluwajuwonlo Iledare''' (wuxuu dhashay 6 Juun 1986), oo si xirfad leh loogu yaqaan Jaywon , waa heesaa reer Nayjeeriya ah, qoraa heeso, jilaa, soo saare iyo jilaa (ciidanka tuugada). Ka dib markii uu ka tagay Kennis Music , wuxuu aasaasay astaanta rikoodhka Muusiga Adduunka ee Xiga sanadkii 2013 Sannadkii 2009, Abaalmarinta Muusiga ee Nayjeeriya waxay Jaywon siisay abaalmarinta Fanaaniinta Cusub ee ugu Fiican. Waxa kale oo uu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Duubista ugu Fiican ee Headies 2013 iyo Abaalmarinta Tush ee heesta 'Sanadkan'. ==Nolosha iyo shaqada== Jaywon wuxuu waxbarashadiisa dugsiga hoose ku dhammeeyay Dugsiga Hoose ee ECWA, ka dibna wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Sare ee Dowladda ee Gobolka Kogi si uu u dhigto waxbarashadiisa dugsiga sare ka hor inta uusan ka qalin jabin shahaadada HND ee Xisaabaadka ee Federal Polytechnic, Biden Fanaanada ayaa markaa u guurtay Lagos sanadkii 2005, wax ka yar hal sano ka dib, waxay heshiis la gashay Ray G, Sound Sultan , W4, Slizzy E iyo 2baba . ==Tixraac== [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/afropolitan-vibes-ice-prince-jaywon-lindsey-abudei-perform-live-at-february-edition/ph7q587 "Amiirka Ice, Jaywon, Lindsey Abudei waxay si toos ah u soo bandhigayaan daabacaadda Febraayo Sawirro ] {{Wayback|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/afropolitan-vibes-ice-prince-jaywon-lindsey-abudei-perform-live-at-february-edition/ph7q587 |date=20241127120921 }} [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/olamide-able-god-7-best-nigerian-new-year-eves-songs-to-help-you-into-2019/y7p0xdn "Waa kuwan 7da heesood ee ugu fiican Nayjeeriya ee la ciyaaro habeenka sanadka cusub"] soscecja6tu67cuu0uowuvyaxz54md8 0 45878 304193 296198 2026-08-06T09:07:14Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephen Ese Kekeghe''' (wuxuu dhashay 10 Oktoobar 1982) waa qoraa reer Nayjeeriya ah , aqoonyahan iyo aqoonyahan. Buuggiisa gabayada ee Rumbling Sky (2020) waa ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Ururka Qorayaasha Nayjeeriya ee Gabayada sannadkii 2021, riwaayaddiisa Broken Edges (2023) waxaa loo soo xulay Abaalmarinta Ururka Qorayaasha Nayjeeriya ee Riwaayadaha sannadkii 2023. ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Kekeghe wuxuu ku dhashay qoys Urhobo ah sanadkii 1982-kii magaalada Imode, Delta State, Nigeria Wuxuu waxbarashadiisa hoose ku dhammeeyay Dugsiga Hoose ee Baba-Ido ee Okwagbe, Gobolka Delta, sanadkii 1995, waxbarashadiisa sarena wuxuu ku qaatay Kulliyadda St. Vincent, Okwagbe, sanadkii 2001, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa tifaftiraha naadiga saxaafadda ee kulliyadda. ==Tixraac== [https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejhlar/article/view/199 "BILICSI AFKA IYO QALADAHA SIYAASADDA BULSHADA EE TANURE OJAIDE OO UGU YEERAYA RUUXA DAGAALYAHA"] {{Wayback|url=https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejhlar/article/view/199 |date=20250526023224 }} [https://www.delsu.edu.ng/viewstaff.aspx?id=101/053 "Jaamacadda Gobolka Delta, Abraka Nigeria | Mareegta Rasmiga ah ee Dugsiga"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.delsu.edu.ng/viewstaff.aspx?id=101/053 |date=20251213045156 }} [https://journals.casjournals.com/index.php/ECOJAH/article/view/44 "DHAAWACA KA DIB GUMEYSIGA: CABSI-BULSHADA SIYAASADDA IYO BURBURKA MASKAXDA EE CIRKA JABAN EE STEPHEN KEKEGHE"] c9d58xcx1tw1mfiqpafze4wni1s1go8 0 48220 304147 299994 2026-08-06T04:51:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tunisia-3901 - Chott el Jerid (8032314619).jpg|thumb|Chott El Jerid, mid ka mid ah harooyinka milixda ee Tunisia]] {{Location map |Tunisia |mark=<!--dot-->Blue pog.svg |lat_deg=33|lat_min=43 |lon_deg=8|lon_min=21 |caption=Goobta harooyinka milixda ee Tunisia |position=right |width=240 |float=right }} '''Harooyinka milixda ee Tunisia''' waa taxane harooyin ah oo ku yaal badhtamaha [[Tunisia]], kuwaas oo u yaal koonfurta [[Buuraha Atlas]] ee cidhifka woqooyi ee [[Saxaraha]]. Harooyinka waxaa ka mid ah, laga bilaabo bari ilaa galbeed, [[Chott el Fedjedj]], [[Chott el Djerid]], iyo [[Chott el Gharsa]]. ==Juqraafi== Harooyinkani milixda leh waxay u fidsan yihiin iyadoo ay jiraan laba nasasho oo gaaban oo kaliya oo xariiq ah laga bilaabo [[Mediterranean]]-ka ee [[Gacanka Gabès]] ilaa xadka [[Algeria]], kuwaas oo ay galaan masaafo aad u fog. Ereyga Faransiiska ee "[[chott]]" waa tarjumad ereyga [[Carabi]]ga ee ''shat'', oo ah erey loo isticmaalo kanaal ballaaran, af-webi ama haro. ''Shat''-yadan si kastaba ha ahaatee, si adag marka loo hadlo, ma aha harooyin haba yaraatee wakhtigan la joogo. Waxay yihiin meelo siman oo hooseeya (xagga kan ugu weyn, Shat el Jerid, oo jiifa dhawr fiit oo ka hooseeya heerka Mediterranean-ka), kuwaas oo in ka badan badh ka mid ah sanadka ah meelo dhoobo qallalan ah oo lagu daboolay qolof qaro weyn oo milix cad ama cawlan ah. Daboolkan milixda ah wuxuu ka dhigaa masaafo ahaan inay u ekaadaan xaashiyo waaweyn oo biyo ah.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Tunisia |volume=27 |page=394 |inline=1 |first=Harry |last=Johnston}}</ref> Inta lagu jiro jiilaalka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka saamaynta roobabka jiilaalka ee naadirka ah la dareemo, waxaa dhab ahaan laga yaabaa inay jiraan 3 ama 4 fiit oo biyo ah ''shat''-yadan, kuwaas oo dhoobada dareeriya ka dhigaya kuwo aan la mari karin. Haddii kale, ilaa toddoba bilood oo sannadkii ah waxaa lagu gudbi karaa lug ama faras. Waxay u muuqataa inay suurtogal tahay in wakhti mar ah ''shat''-yadan (ugu yaraan Shat el Jerid) ay ahaayeen marin ka mid ah Mediterranean-ka, kaas oo kor u kaca xariijin yar oo dhul ah oo ku taal Gacanka Gabès laga jaray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa gobolkii hore ee [[Volcano|dhaqdhaqaaqa fulkaanaha]], iyo niyadjabkan milixda ah waxaa laga yaabaa inay sabab u tahay arrintaas. Aadanaha ayaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay wakiilka ugu weyn wakhtigan la joogo ee sababa in ''shat''-yadan ay biyo la'aan noqdaan. Hareeraha harooyinkan milixda leh oo dhan waxaa jira [[Spring (hydrology)|ilo]] badan, oo ka soo burqanaya [[hillock|buuraha]] ciidda ah. Ku dhawaad dhammaan ilahan waxay ku jiraan heerkul aad u kulul, inta badan barta karkarinta. Qaar ka mid ah waxay ku dallacan yihiin milix, kuwa kalena waa kuwo gebi ahaanba cusub oo macaan, inkasta oo ay karkarayaan kulul. Muggoodu waa mid aad u badan oo dhowr meelood waxay sameeyaan webiyo dhab ah oo weligood qulqulaya. Kaliya faragelinta aadanaha darteed ayaa webiyadan ay mar walba ku geli lahaayeen niyadjabka ku dhow, kuwaas oo ay u ilaalin lahaayeen sidii harooyin biyo ah. Laakiin muddo dheer oo la soo dhaafay durdurrada biyaha macaan (oo u badan) ayaa loo isticmaalay [[waraabka]] ilaa heer aad u yar oo biyo qaali ah loo oggolaado inay ku daataan baasinnada harada; si ay kuwa dambe u helaan oo kaliya dhowr durdurro milix ah, kuwaas oo dushiisa ku shuba milixda ay ku jiraan ka dibna uumi baxa. Sahaydan badan ee biyo macaan oo diirran waxay ilaalisaa [[Oasis|oases]]-ka raaxada aan caadiga ahayn ee waddan uu roobku si dhif ah u da'o. Durdurrada joogtada ah ee sharraxaadda la tixraacay waxaa laga helaa inta u dhaxaysa xadka Algeria iyo [[Gabès]] ee xeebta. Magaalada [[Gabès]] lafteedu waxay ku taal cidhifka oasis qurux badan, kaas oo lagu ilaaliyo biyaha durdur weligood socda oo ku shuba badda Gabès ka dib koorso aan ka badnayn 20 mayl.<ref name=EB1911/> Gobolkan oo dhan ee ku wareegsan ''shat''-yadan waxaa loo yaqaan "Jerid" tan iyo wakhtigii [[Arab conquest of North Africa|qabsashadii Carabta]]. "Jerid" waxay ka dhigan tahay Carabi ahaan "laanta timirta" iyo si dadban "geed timireed". Caannimada Belad-el-Jerid, ama "Dalka Timirta", ayaa si xad dhaaf ah loo buunbuuniyay intii lagu jiray qarniyadii 17-aad iyo 18-aad oo juqraafiyeyaashii Yurub ay u kordhiyeen magacaabista aaggan yar ee koonfurta Tunisia si ay u daboosho inta badan gudaha Afrika. Dalkan Jerid waxaa lagu dari karaa jasiiradda [[Jerba]], oo u dhow xeebta Tunisia ee Gacanka Gabès. [[Date palm|Geedka timirta]] ''(Phoenix dactylifera)'' waxa laga yaabaa inuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedo degmadan Jerid, sida uu u yahay dalalka sharraxaadda la midka ah ee koonfurta [[Morocco]], koonfurta [[Algeria]], qaybo ka mid ah [[Tripolitania]], [[Egypt]], [[Mesopotamia]], koonfurta [[Persia]] iyo woqooyi-galbeed [[India]]; laakiin in woqooyiga loolka Jerid timirtu kama bixin dabiici ahaan [[Mauretania]], sida ay u ahayd ajnabi dhammaan qaybaha Yurub, taas oo, sida dhabta ah ee Waqooyiga Afrika, joogitaankeeda waxaa sabab u ah gacanta aadanaha. Ilaa xad waxaa la dhihi karaa Waqooyiga Afrika ee dhabta ah waxay ku taal woqooyiga dalka Jerid, kaas oo, marka lagu daro cilaaqaadkiisa Saxaraha, Carabta iyo Beershiya, wuxuu leeyahay taabasho ku saabsan Afrika dhabta ah, taabasho noocaas ah oo laga yaabo in lagu arko dooxada [[Jordan River|Jordan]]. Oases-ka Jerid waxaa laga helaa dhowr nooc oo naasleyda k tropical ah ee Afrika iyo laba ama saddex ka mid ah shimbiraha Senegalese, iyo dhirtu waxay u muuqataa inay leedahay xidhiidh badan oo la leh Afrika k tropical sida Yurub. Xaqiiqdi, dalka u dhexeeya buuraleyda [[Matmata, Tunisia|Matmata]] iyo marin-biyoodka kala saara Jerba iyo dhul-weynaha waa si gaar ah Afrika oo ku saabsan dabeecadda iyo muuqaalka dhirta. Koonfurta Jerid dalku waa inta badan saxare — waddooyin waaweyn oo aan la baadhin oo ciid isbeddelaysa, oo leh oases naadir ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan degmadan koonfureed ee Tunisia waxay haysaa caddayn ah inay mar ahaan jirtay roobab culus, taas oo ka soo saartay dooxooyin qoto dheer miiska-dhulka asalka ah, waxayna caddaysay jiritaanka hadda ee marin-biyoodyo waaweyn — marin-biyoodyo weli ah, meel u dhow asal ahaan, waxaa lagu raaxaystaa biyo yar.<ref name=EB1911/> Xariijinta ciidda ee cidhiidhiga ah ee kala saarta Chott el Fejej iyo Badda Mediterranean-ka ayaa soo jiidatay dareenka juqraafiyeyaasha, injineerada iyo diblomaasiyiinta kala duwan. Tirooyinkan waxay u eegaan inay abuuraan "[[Sahara Sea|Badda Saxaraha]]" oo gudaha ah iyagoo marinaya biyaha Mediterranean-ka ilaa baasinnada Saxaraha oo ka hooseeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Soo jeedin la xusay oo arrintan ku saabsan ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay dabayaaqadii 1800-meeyadii juqraafiyihii Faransiiska [[François Élie Roudaire]] iyo abuuraha [[Suez Canal]], [[Ferdinand de Lesseps]], laakiin way istaagtay ka dib markii dowladda Faransiisku ay la noqotay maalgelinta.<ref name="National Waterways">{{cite journal |last1=Plummer |first1=Harry Chapin |year=1913 |title=A Sea in the Sahara |journal=National Waterways: A Magazine of Transportation |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=131–138 |publisher=National Rivers and Harbors Congress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80-GYpTlVMsC |accessdate=16 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="African Ecology">{{cite book |last=Spinage |first=Clive Alfred |title=African Ecology: Benchmarks and Historical Perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3vOHF8PNKkC |accessdate=16 December 2012 |edition=Illustrated |series=Springer Geography |year=2012 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=3642228712 }}</ref><ref name="Geographical Review">{{cite journal |last1=McKay |first1=Donald Vernon |year=1943 |title=Colonialism in the French geographical movement 1871-1881 |journal=Geographical Review |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |publisher=American Geographical Society |doi= 10.2307/209775|jstor=209775}}</ref> Soo jeedinno kale, oo loo sameeyay qayb ka mid ah [[Operation Plowshare]],<ref name="Plowshare">{{cite conference| first =Michael| last =Barletta| title =Pernicious ideas in world politics: "Peaceful nuclear explosives"| publisher =Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association| date =August 2001| location =San Francisco, CA| url =http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge342/Miltary%20Geo%20Presentations/Nick%20Nazarko/Swords%20Into%20Plowshares/019013BarlettaMi.pdf| accessdate =16 December 2012| archive-date =26 Bisha Saddexaad 2024| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240326185626/http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge342/Miltary%20Geo%20Presentations/Nick%20Nazarko/Swords%20Into%20Plowshares/019013BarlettaMi.pdf| url-status =dead}}</ref> waxay qiyaaseen in [[peaceful nuclear explosions|qaraxyada nukliyeerka]] loo isticmaali karo in lagu qodo kanaalka la soo jeediyay ee Mediterranean-ka ilaa Chott el Fejej iyo baasinnada kale ee Saxaraha ka hooseeya heerka badda; soo jeedimahan sidoo kale waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan miro dhalin.<ref name="Globetrotter Tunisia">{{cite book |last1=Jousiffe |first1=Ann |title=Tunisia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Boo4GQdE-bcC |accessdate= 16 December 2012 |edition= 4th |series=Globetrotter: Guide and Map Series |year= 2010 |publisher=New Holland Publishers |location=London |isbn=1845378644 }}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Chott]] *[[Sabkha]] *[[Sahara Sea]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} 7ovgmtv1da6shygqmz6kgets2apfj7g 0 48305 304139 300229 2026-08-06T02:23:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Lake | name = Chott el Fejej | image = | caption = | pushpin_map = Tunisia | pushpin_map_caption = Chott el Fejej oo ku taal [[Tunisia]] | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|33|52|N|9|13|E|type:waterbody_source:kolossus-ptwiki|display=title,inline}} | type = [[salt lake|haro cusbo leh]] | inflow = biyaha dhulka hoostiisa | outflow = Terminal [[Evaporation|Uumi-bax]] | catchment = | basin_countries = Tunisia | length ={{convert|110|km|abbr=on}} | width ={{convert|32|km|abbr=on}} | area = | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = | frozen = | islands = | cities = }} '''Chott el Fejej''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Chott el Fedjedj''' iyo '''Chott el Fejaj''', waa marin dheer oo cidhiidhi ah oo ka tirsan harada [[endorheic]]-ga ah ee [[salt lake|cusbada leh]] ee [[Chott el Djerid]] ee koonfurta [[Tunisia]].<ref name="DK Eyewitness">{{cite book |last1=Lisowscy |first1=Andrzej |last2=Lisowscy |first2=Elżbieta |title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Tunisia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=veua-AI1Q-wC |accessdate=16 December 2012 |year= 2011 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York |isbn=978-0756684792 }}</ref> ==Taariikhda iyo juqraafiga== Salka Chott el Fejej wuxuu ka hooseeyaa [[sea level|heerka badda]] wuxuuna marin cidhiidhi ah uga baxaa qaybta weyn ee Chott el Djerid ilaa uu ka gaaro [[oasis|atbaalka]] saxaraha Tunisia ee [[El Hamma]], meel u dhow [[Gulf of Gabès|Gacanka Gabès]] ee [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Dhexe]]. Masaafada u dhaxaysa meesha uu Chott el Fejej ku biiro Chott el Djerid ilaa dhammaadkiisa meel u dhow El Hamma waa qiyaastii {{convert|70|mi|km}}. Dhererkiisa oo dhan, Chott el Fejej waligiis kama ballarto wax ka badan {{convert|20|mi|km}} meelo badanna aad buu uga sii cidhiidhiyahay.<ref name="Lonely Planet Tunisia">{{cite book |last1=Wheeler |first1=Donna |last2=Clammer |first2=Paul |last3=Filou |first3=Emilie |title=Tunisia |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781741790016 |url-access=registration |accessdate= 16 December 2012 |edition= 5th|year= 2010 |publisher=Lonely Planet |location=Oakland, CA |isbn=978-1741790016 }}</ref> Dhamaadka bari ee Chott el Fejej waxaa badda Mediterranean-ka ka saaraya dhabar ciid ah oo ballaciisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|13|mi|km}} meel u dhow El Hamma.<ref name="National Waterways">{{cite journal |last1=Plummer |first1=Harry Chapin |year=1913 |title=A Sea in the Sahara |journal=National Waterways: A Magazine of Transportation |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=131–138 |publisher=National Rivers and Harbors Congress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80-GYpTlVMsC |accessdate=16 December 2012}}</ref> Dhabarkan ciidda ah ee cidhiidhiga ah, ee kala saara Chott el Fejej iyo Badda Dhexe, ayaa soo jiitay indhaha juqraafiyadanno, injineero iyo diblomaasiyiin kala duwan. Shakhsiyaadkani waxay doonayeen inay abuuraan "[[Sahara Sea|Bad Saxare ah]]" oo gudaha ah iyagoo marinaya biyaha badda Mediterranean-ka godadka Saxaraha weyn ee ka hooseeya heerka badda. Soo jeedin caan ah oo arrintan ku saabsan waxaa dabayaaqadii 1800-meeyadii soo bandhigay juqraafiyandkii u dhashay dalka Faransiiska ee [[François Élie Roudaire]] iyo naqshadeeyihii [[Suez Canal|Kanaalka Suez]], [[Ferdinand de Lesseps]], laakiin way istaagtay ka dib markii dawladda Faransiisku ay kala laabatay maalgelintii.<ref name="National Waterways"/><ref name="African Ecology">{{cite book |last=Spinage |first=Clive Alfred |title=African Ecology: Benchmarks and Historical Perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3vOHF8PNKkC |accessdate=16 December 2012 |edition=Illustrated |series=Springer Geography |year=2012 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-3642228711 }}</ref><ref name="Geographical Review">{{cite journal |last1=McKay |first1=Donald Vernon |year=1943 |title=Colonialism in the French geographical movement 1871-1881 |journal=Geographical Review |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |publisher=American Geographical Society |doi= 10.2307/209775|jstor=209775}}</ref> Soo jeedino dambe, oo loo sameeyey qayb ka mid ah [[Operation Plowshare]],<ref name="Plowshare">{{cite conference| first =Michael| last =Barletta| title =Pernicious ideas in world politics: "Peaceful nuclear explosives"| publisher =Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association| date =August 2001| location =San Francisco, CA| url =http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge342/Miltary%20Geo%20Presentations/Nick%20Nazarko/Swords%20Into%20Plowshares/019013BarlettaMi.pdf| accessdate =16 December 2012| archive-date =26 Bisha Saddexaad 2024| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20240326185626/http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge342/Miltary%20Geo%20Presentations/Nick%20Nazarko/Swords%20Into%20Plowshares/019013BarlettaMi.pdf| url-status =dead}}</ref> waxay qabeen in [[peaceful nuclear explosions|qaraxyo nukliyeer ah oo nabdoon]] loo isticmaali karo in lagu qodo kanaalka la soo jeediyey ee ka yimaada Mediterranean-ka ilaa Chott el Fejej iyo godadka kale ee Saxaraha ee ka hooseeya heerka badda; soo jeedimahani sidoo kale ma noqon kuwo guulaysta.<ref name="Globetrotter Tunisia">{{cite book |last1=Jousiffe |first1=Ann |title=Tunisia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Boo4GQdE-bcC |accessdate= 16 December 2012 |edition= 4th |series=Globetrotter: Guide and Map Series |year= 2010 |publisher=New Holland Publishers |location=London |isbn=978-1845378646 }}</ref> ==Juqraafiyada dhagaxa == Chott el Fejej waa [[chott]] caadi ah, ama haro qallalan, oo Saxaraha ah. Waxay si kastaba ha ahaatee ku fadhidaa [[anticline]] weyn oo loo yaqaano [[Fejej Dome]]. Anticline-kan iyo qaab-dhismeedyada kale ee ku xeeran waxaa lagu doodayaa inay yihiin natiirada [[rifting|kala dillaaca dhulka]] ee xilligii [[Cretaceous]].<ref name="Journal of African Earth Sciences">{{cite journal |last1=Gharbi |first1=Mohamed |last2=Masrouhi |first2=Amara |last3=Espurt |first3=Nicolas |last4=Bellier |first4=Olivier |last5=Amari |first5=El Amjed |last6=Ben Youssef |first6=Mohamed |last7=Ghanmi |first7=Mohamed|date= March 2013|title=New tectono-sedimentary evidences for Aptian to Santonian extension of the Cretaceous rifting in the Northern Chotts range (Southern Tunisia) |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |volume= 79 |pages= 58–73 |publisher= Elsevier Ltd. |doi= 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2012.09.017 |url=https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01837215/file/Gharbi_JAES_2013.pdf }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} rg41zwc3lvinx7m9ph4piqulwds2uuh 0 48329 304144 300296 2026-08-06T04:44:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harta Sibaya | image = Sibhayi.gif | alt = | caption = | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = |pushpin_map=KwaZulu-Natal | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | coords = {{coord|27|21|29|S|32|41|07|E|region:ZA-KZ_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = {{convert|530|km2|abbr=on}} | basin_countries = {{flag|South Africa}} | length = | width = | area = {{convert|64|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|10.9|m|abbr=on}} | max-depth = | volume = {{convert|700000000|m3|abbr=on}} | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|20.8|m|abbr=on}} | frozen = Never | islands = | cities = | reference = <ref name="dea-sibaya-ramsar">{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm|title=Lake Sibaya|publisher=[[Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa)]]|accessdate=28 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716182712/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Lake Sibaya | designation1_date = 28 June 1991 | designation1_number = 528<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Sibaya|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/528|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} '''Harta Sibaya''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Harta Sibhayi''', waa haro biyo macaan ah oo ku taal [[Koonfur Afrika]], iyadoo leh baaxadd dusha sare ah oo dhan {{convert|64|km2|abbr=on}}. Harada waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa Sibaya ama Sibhaya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/|title=Lake Sibaya|last=|first=|date=|website=isiMangaliso park|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260620115840/https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/|archive-date=20 Bisha Lixaad 2026|access-date=27 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haradu waxay ku taal deegaanka [[Maputaland]], ama Umhlabuyalingana, ee KwaZulu-Natal, oo ku taal xeebta bari ee Koonfur Afrika. Waxay ka mid tahay [[Beerta Dhulka Qoyan ee Greater St. Lucia]] waxaana loo aqoonsaday hoos timaada [[Heshiiska Ramsar]] inay tahay "Dhul Qoyan oo Muhiimad Caalami ah Leh" bishii Juun 28, 1991. Bishii Diseembar 1999, Beerta Dhulka Qoyan ee Greater St. Lucia waxaa loogu dhawaaqay Goob [[UNESCO]] [[Dhaxalka Dunida]] ah, waxaana loogu magac daray iSimangaliso Wetland Park sannadkii 2009. 279 nooc oo shimbirro ah ayaa lagu aqoonsaday Harta Sibaya. Mashruuca Biyaha ee [[Mseleni]] iyo Nidaamka Sahanka Biyaha ee Mbazwana ayaa labaduba biyaha ka hela Harta Sibaya. ==Dalxiiska== Lake Sibaya Lodge waxay ku taal xeebaha waqooyi ee harada. Waa loor qaali ah oo leh 16 cariish (chalets). Harta Sibaya iyo Badweynta Hindiya dhexdooda waxaa ku yaal Mabibi. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife waxay maamulaan goob xero iyo cariishyo ah.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} Waxaa sidoo kale jira loor gaar loo leeyahay – Thonga Beach Lodge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zulunet.co.za/mabibi/ |title=Thonga Beach Lodge at Mabibi, South Africa |access-date=26 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716181215/http://www.zulunet.co.za/mabibi/ |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Goobta loo dalxiis tago ee caanka ah ee xeebta [[Sodwana Bay]] ayaa u dhow. ==Heerka harada== Si loo ogaado sababaha keeni kara hoos u dhaca ku dhow 4 m ee heerka Harta Sibaya intii u dhaxeysay 2001 iyo 2014, si loo qiimeeyo saameynta biyaha looga soo saaro isticmaalka rasmiga ah ee guriga iyo beero-dhirtii ganacsiga ee heerarka harada, iyo si loo go'aamiyo waxa [[soo-saarka waara]] ee laga soo saari karo Harta Sibaya. Marka laga duulo falanqaynta iyo jilitaannada la sameeyay, waxaa la soo gabagabeeyay in sababta ugu weyn ee hoos u dhaca heerka Harta Sibaya ay ahayd roobabkii ka hooseeyay celceliska muddadii u dhaxeysay 2001 ilaa 2011. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo natiijooyinka jilitaanku ay muujinayaan in saameynta heerka harada ee isticmaalka biyaha guriga intii lagu jiray muddadan ay ahayd mid aad u yar, waxay muujinayaan in ku dhow 1.4 m oo hoos u dhaca heerka harada loo aaneeyo saameynta dhir-beerista (afforestation) ee ka bilaabatay aagga biyaha ururiya 1990-meeyadii. Falanqaynta soo-saarka ee natiijooyinka la jilay oo lala xiriirinayo horumaradii taariikhiga ahaa ee aagga biyaha ururiya ee muddada 65-ta sano ah ee diiwaanka cimilada la arkay ayaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo heerka ugu hooseeya ee go'an ee la oggol yahay ee harada ama hoos u dhaca ugu sarreeya ee laga soo qaatay heerka harada tixraaca iyadoo loo adeegsanayo meelaha shuruudaha guuldarrada nidaamka. Natiijooyinka ka dhashay jilitaanka heerarka harada iyadoo la isticmaalayo diiwaanka cimilada taariikhiga ah iyadoo aagga dhirta la beeray iyo heerarka biyaha laga soo saaro lagu gujiyay qiyamka 2014 waxay muujinayaan in aysan suurtagal ahayn soo-saar dheeri ah oo waara sababtoo ah hoos u dhaca joogtada ah ee labadaba heerarka harada la jilay iyo kaydka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee fikrad ahaaneed, taas oo noqon lahayd mid deegaan ahaan, bulsho ahaan iyo deegaan-nololeed ahaanba aan la aqbali karin. Natiijooyinka bilowga ah ee la jilay waxay muujinayaan in ka saarista qiyaastii 5&nbsp;km² oo kayn ah loo baahan yahay si loo sii daayo 1 MCM/sanadkii oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka guriga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, natiijooyinkan bilowga ah waxay u baahan yihiin xaqiijin horumaraysan oo ku saabsan xogta la geliyay iyo dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyo qaabaynta si loo kordhiyo kalsoonida natiijooyinka.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Smithers|first1=J.C.|last2=Gray|first2=R.P.|last3=Johnson|first3=S|last4=Still|first4=D|date=2017-08-02|title=Modelling and water yield assessment of Lake Sibhayi|journal=Water SA|volume=43|issue=3|pages=480|doi=10.4314/wsa.v43i3.13|bibcode=2017WatSA..43..480S |issn=0378-4738|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050322002720/http://www.environment.gov.za/enviro-info/sote/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm Lake Sibaya Info Sheet – South African Wetlands Conservation Programme] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051120145643/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr03.html Lake Sibaya – World Lakes Database] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716183000/http://www.environment.gov.za/Branches/BioConservation/17Ramsar/sibaya/sibaya_ris.htm Lake Sibaya] Warqadda macluumaadka ee goobta loo qoondeeyay Liiska Dhulalka Qoyan ee Muhiimada Caalami ah Leh j3fydwa79mdke8j8zjj2b1qitaof6iy 0 48631 304196 301357 2026-08-06T09:58:10Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Densu | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | map = Ghana coastal rivers.jpg | map_size = 248px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|116|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|31|0|N|0|19|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|2490|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Densu Delta Ramsar Site | designation1_date = 14 August 1992 | designation1_number = 564<ref>{{Cite web|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/564|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} [[File:Densu River 5.jpg|thumb|Estuary]] [[File:Densu meander.JPG|thumb|Meander]] '''Webiga Densu''' waa webi 116km oo dherer ah oo ku yaal [[Ghana]] kaasoo ka soo bilowda [[Atewa Range|Atewa Range]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|title=Protecting Atewa Forest|date=2015-07-13|website=Ghana {{!}} A Rocha|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151057/https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wuxuu maraa aag beeraha laga isticmaalo oo dhaqaale ahaan muhiim ah, wuxuuna siiyaa kala badh biyaha la cabo ee caasimadda Ghana ee [[Accra]]. Webigu wuxuu ku dhammaadaa [[wetland|dhul-qoyan]] delta ah oo ''muhiimad deegaan'' leh<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands|title=Wetlands {{!}} Habitats {{!}} WWF|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> oo ku yaal xeebta [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Webiyada iyo Harooyinka]</ref> [[Densuano (Koforidua)|Densuano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africalocal.net/GH/Eastern-Region/Cities/Koforidua/Streets/Densuano-Street/|title=Densuano Street in Koforidua - Eastern Region - AfricaLocal.net|website=www.africalocal.net|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> [[Dam|Biyo-xireenka]] iyo [[Weija Dam|Biyo-xireenka Weija]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|title=Residents stranded as Weija Dam spillage floods homes {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Welsing|first=Kobina|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518153912/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ayaa ku yaal Webiga Densu. == Juqraafi == ''Webiga Densu'' wuxuu ku yaal '''koonfurta Ghana''' waana qayb ka mid ah nidaamka [[Coast|Xeebta]] [[River Basin|Bulaacada Webiga]]. Aagga uu ka soo ururiyo biyaha waa qiyaastii '''2,490–2,600 km²,''' wuxuuna ku fidsan yahay qaybo ka mid ah [[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Gobolka Bari]] (72%), [[Central Region (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]] (5%), iyo [[Greater Accra Region|Gobolka Greater Accra]] (23%).<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Ofosu |first1=Samuel Anim |last2=Adjei |first2=Kwaku A. |last3=Odai |first3=Samuel Nii |date=2021-11-06 |title=Assessment of the quality of the Densu river using multicriterial analysis and water quality index |journal=Applied Water Science |language=en |volume=11 |issue=12 |page=183 |doi=10.1007/s13201-021-01516-z |bibcode=2021ApWS...11..183O |issn=2190-5495|doi-access=free }}</ref>Webigu wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa ''Atewa-Atwiredu Range'', oo ah dhul sare oo kayn ah oo u adeega sidii il weyn oo [[hydrological]] ah oo u ah dhowr webi oo [[Ghanaians|Ghanaian]] ah.<ref name=":0" />Webigu wuxuu ugu dambeyntii ku shubmaa [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] iyada oo loo marayo nidaam dhul-qoyan oo loo yaqaan ''Densu Delta'', kaas oo ay saameeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqyada hirarka iyo harada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Oduro |first1=Charles Yaw |last2=Anokye |first2=Prince Aboagye |last3=Nanor |first3=Michael Ayertey |date=2024-07-25 |title=Morphological Patterns and Drivers of Urban Growth on Africa's Wetland Landscapes: Insights from the Densu Delta Ramsar Site, Ghana |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=16 |issue=15 |page=6372 |doi=10.3390/su16156372 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Sust...16.6372O |issn=2071-1050}}</ref> == Muhiimadda Deegaanka == Qaybta hoose ee webiga ayaa samaysa Goobta Ramsar ee Densu Delta, oo ah dhul-qoyan caalami ah oo la magacaabay 1992.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/564 |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=rsis.ramsar.org |language=en}}</ref> Goobtu waxay daboolaysaa qiyaastii 5,893 hektar waxaana ku jira [[Lagoon|harooyin]], [[Mangrove|geedaha mangrove-ka]], saaraha cusbada, iyo nidaamyo deegaan oo dhiiqo ah.<ref name=":3" /> Waxa kale oo ay aqoonsadeen [[Important Bird Area|Goob Shimbireed Muhiim ah]] (IBA) ururka [[BirdLife International]] sababtoo ah waxay taageertaa dad muhiim ah oo aan tarmin iyo [[waterbird|shimbiraha biyaha]] ee jiilaalka, gaar ahaan [[tern|terns]], oo ay ku jiraan [[western reef egret|egret-ka xeebta galbeed]], [[spotted redshank|redshank-ka dhibcaha leh]], iyo [[little tern|little]], [[black tern|black]], [[roseate tern|roseate]], [[common tern|common]], [[Sandwich tern|Sandwich]] iyo [[royal tern|royal terns]].<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/densu-delta-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana|title= Densu Delta Ramsar Site and vicinity|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-16}}</ref>Dhul-qoyanku wuxuu ka ciyaaraa door deegaan oo muhiim ah sida gaashaanka fatahaadda dabiiciga ah, dabinka fadhiidka, iyo xasilinta xeebaha, isagoo ka ilaalinaya bulshooyinka ku hareeraysan nabaad-guurka iyo hirarka duufaanta.<ref name=":3" /> == Hydrology iyo Gacan-biyoodyada == Nidaamka Webiga Densu waxaa quudiya dhowr [[Tributary|gacan-biyood]], oo ay ku jiraan durdurro ay ka mid yihiin ''Nsaki''''',''' ''Dobro''''',''' ''Kuia'', ''Adaiso'', iyo ''Pompon rivers'', kuwaas oo gacan ka geysta isbeddelka qulqulka xilliyeed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Densu Basin – Water Resources Commission |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/densu/ |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=wrc.gov.gh |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260314231251/https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/densu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hydrologically, bulaacadu waxay la kulantaa qaab roobaad bi-modal ah, taasoo keenta isbeddel xilliyeedka qulqulka. Qaybta waqooyi ee bulaacada waa mid qoyan oo kayn ah, halka qaybta koonfureed ay tahay mid qalalan oo magaalo ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Akurugu |first1=Bismark Awinbire |last2=Obuobie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Yidana |first3=Sandow Mark |last4=Stisen |first4=Simon |last5=Seidenfaden |first5=Ida Karlsson |last6=Chegbeleh |first6=Larry Pax |date=April 2022 |title=Groundwater resources assessment in the Densu Basin: A review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581822000301 |journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |language=en |volume=40 |article-number=101017 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101017 |bibcode=2022JHyRS..4001017A |issn=2214-5818}}</ref> Webiga sidoo kale waxaa nidaamiya kaabayaasha waaweyn ee [[Hydraulics|haydarooliga]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Weija Dam|Biyo-xireenka Weija]], kaas oo kaalin muhiim ah ka qaata kaydinta biyaha iyo sahayda caasimadda Accra.<ref name=":1" /> == Muhiimadda Dhaqaale iyo Bulsho == Webiga Densu waa mid ka mid ah [[Water resources|ilaha biyaha macaan]] ee ugu muhiimsan caasimadda Ghana, [[Accra]], isagoo siiya qayb weyn oo ka mid ah biyaha la cabbo ee la daweeyay iyada oo loo marayo Warshadda Daweynta Biyaha ee '''Weija Water'''.<ref name=":2" /> [[Weija Dam|Biyo-xireenka Weija]] ee webiga wuxuu u adeegaa sidii isha ugu weyn ee biyaha ee Gobolka Greater Accra. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu siiyaa 80 boqolkiiba biyaha la cabbo ee ay isticmaalaan Gobolka oo dhan. Bulaacadu waxay taageertaa hawlaha waaweyn ee beeraha, oo ay ku jiraan ''[[irrigation|waraabka]] beeraha'' iyo [[Intensive farming|soo-saarka xoolaha]], gaar ahaan miyiga iyo [[Peri-urbanisation|aagagga hareeraha magaalada]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Oti |first1=Jonathan Opoku |last2=Kabo-Bah |first2=Amos T. |last3=Ofosu |first3=Eric |date=August 2020 |title=Hydrologic response to climate change in the Densu River Basin in Ghana |journal=Heliyon |volume=6 |issue=8 |article-number=e04722 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04722 |doi-access=free |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=7452417 |pmid=32904314 |bibcode=2020Heliy...604722O }}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, bulshooyinka ku nool bulaacada hoose waxay ku tiirsan yihiin webiga iyo dhul-qoyanadiisa kalluumeysiga, soo-saarka cusbada, iyo ganacsiga yar-yar, gaar ahaan gudaha aagga delta.<ref name=":3" /> == Khataraha == Cufnaanta dadka ee Bulaacada Densu waa qiyaastii 240 qof halkii kiiloomitir laba jibaaran.<ref name="wrc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|title=River Basin Activities|publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana|access-date=2008-09-28}}</ref> Qayb ka mid ah Webiga Densu ayaa noqday goob qashin lagu qubo oo ay isticmaalaan qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka, taasoo keenaysa wasakhowga biyaha. Hawlaha kale waxaa ka mid ah beeraha, qodista ciidda iyo macdanta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/165424/River-Densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|website=BusinessGhana|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/environment-ministry-to-include-traditional-rulers-on-densu-committee.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Environment Ministry to include traditional rulers on Densu committee|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana-net.com/densu-delta-ramsar-site.html|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=Ghana-Net.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> == Dhaqanka caanka ah == * Fanaanka reer Ghana Kojo Antwi wuxuu u bixiyay magaca webiga albamkiisa labaad ee istuudiyaha, oo la sii daayay 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/densu/301615532|title=Densu by Kojo Antwi on Apple Music|website=iTunes|access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> * [[Osibisa]], oo ah koox [[Afrobeat|Afrobeat]], waxay curiyeen hees cinwaankeedu yahay Densu, iyagoo sharraxaya noocyada kala duwan ee kalluunka iyo heesta ay kalluumeysatadu ku heesaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |title=Densu by Osibisa|website=YouTube|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hd22wgyekzk8cpc9p4hfu6szo07010p 0 48759 304198 302078 2026-08-06T10:58:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Umba | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Umba OSM.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Tanzania]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Tanga]] | subdivision_type3 = Degmo | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Mkinga, Tanga|Mkinga]] | subdivision_type4 = [[Waddan]] | subdivision_name4 = [[Kenya]] | subdivision_type5 = Gobol | subdivision_name5 = [[Degmada Kwale]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Buuraha Usambara]], [[Degmada Lushoto, Tanga|Lushoto]], [[Gobolka Tanga]] ee [[Tanzania]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2000|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Mayomboni]] ee [[Kanaalka Pemba]], [[Tanzania]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4|40|50|S|39|12|48|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|7130|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Mglumi; Bombo | tributaries_right = Mbalamu | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Umba''' ({{langx|sw|Mto Umba}}) wuxuu ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Tanzania]] ee [[Degmada Lushoto, Tanga|Lushoto]] iyo [[Degmada Mkinga, Tanga|Mkinga]] ee [[Gobolka Tanga]]. Wuxuu ka kacaa kaynta Schageiu (Shagayu) ee galbeedka [[Buuraha Usambara]] ee Lushoto joog ahaan 2,000 m wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca woqooyi ee buuraleyda ilaa bariga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/php/suche_db.php?suchname=umba|title=Deutsches Koloniallexikon 1920, SCHNEE, H.(Buchstabe: Umba)|access-date=2011-04-17|archive-date=2021-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925212012/http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/php/suche_db.php?suchname=Umba|url-status=dead}}</ref> Meesha [[Lelwa]] ayuu ku shubaa [[Webiga Mbalamu]], oo ka yimaada xagga woqooyi ee Buuraha Usambara, iyo [[Webiga Mglumi]] oo ku shubma Umba. Wax yar ka hor inta uusan Umba ku shubin [[Badweynta Hindiya]], wuxuu ka gudbaa xadka [[Kenya]]. Afka webiga laftiisa ayaa calaamadeeya barta ugu bari ee xadka u dhexeeya Tanzania iyo Kenya, taas oo inta badan loo sameeyay xariiq toosan oo loo jihayey waqooyi-galbeed dhanka [[Harada Victoria]] qarnigii 19-aad. Qaybaha sare ee webiga bartamihii 1960-meeyadii ayaa laga helay kayd qani ah oo dhagaxyo qaali ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Yaquutka Umba|yaquut]] iyo [[Almandine|spessartine]]. Sidoo kale webiga waxaa ku yaal [[Kaydka Xayawaanka ee Webiga Umba]], oo ah kayd xayawaan oo ay ku jiraan [[Kaydka Xayawaanka ee Mkomazi]], qiyaastii 2,600 km². == Hidrometry == Qulqulka webiga waxaa la daawaday muddo 40 sano ah (1963–2003) ee Mbuta, oo ah magaalo ku taal qiyaastii 40 km ka sarreeya afka webiga. Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee webiga Umba ee xarunta hidroloojiga ee Mbuta (ee m³ / s) (loo xisaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta muddo 30 sano ah, 1954–84)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldwatercongress2008.org/resource/authors/abs624_article.pdf | title=Unknown | access-date=2026-07-10 | archive-date=2012-03-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322202450/http://www.worldwatercongress2008.org/resource/authors/abs624_article.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:60 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jenawari bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Luulyo bar:Aoû text:Ogosto bar:Sep text:Sebtembar bar:Oct text:Oktoobar bar:Nov text:Nofeembar bar:Déc text:Diseembar PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 45 bar:Fév from:0 till: 10 bar:Mar from:0 till: 5 bar:Avr from:0 till: 8 bar:Mai from:0 till: 7 bar:Jun from:0 till: 4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 2 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 1 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1 bar:Oct from:0 till: 2 bar:Nov from:0 till: 3 bar:Déc from:0 till: 18 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 45 fontsize:S text: 45 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 10 fontsize:S text: 10 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 5 fontsize:S text: 5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 8 fontsize:S text: 8 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 7 fontsize:S text: 7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 4 fontsize:S text: 4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 2 fontsize:S text: 2 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 1 fontsize:S text: 1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1 fontsize:S text: 1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 2 fontsize:S text: 2 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 3 fontsize:S text: 3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 18 fontsize:S text: 18 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Juqraafiga Tanzania]] * [[Dooxada Umba]] * [[Yaquutka Umba]] rwswd9ne7cfzcukg0mf6kupals4whrd 0 49089 304197 302095 2026-08-06T10:00:09Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Dukem | other_name = Durkham | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|34|52|N|38|46|38|E}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Oromiya]], [[Addis Ababa]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_location = Buurta Yarar | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2990|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|8|53|58|N|38|57|37|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1784|m}} | length = {{cvt|47|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.368|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|1.97|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|8.68|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_size = {{cvt|342|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 196,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Webiga Dukem''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=D |first=Tegegne |last2=A |first2=Mengesha |date=2022-10-07 |title=Estimation of Owned and Street Dog Population by Quesionnire Survey and Mark-Recapture Method in Three Urban Areas: Bishoftu, Dukem and Modjo Towns |url=https://austinpublishinggroup.com/veterinary-science-research/fulltext/avsah-v9-id1105.php |journal=Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry |access-date=2026-07-13 |archive-date=2026-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713194432/https://austinpublishinggroup.com/veterinary-science-research/fulltext/avsah-v9-id1105.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waa wabiga loogu magac daray magaalada [[Dukem]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fortune |first=(Addis) |title=Dukem Aspires for New Master Plan Amid Officials Squabbling |url=https://addisfortune.news/dukem-aspires-for-new-master-plan-amid-officials-squabbling/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} fx3lfqv2l76rr9lxshg7finz052i65c 0 49389 304126 302556 2026-08-06T00:30:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | name = Aplerbeck | type = Borough | City = Dortmund | Wappen = WappenAplerbeck.png | coordinates = {{coord|51|29|30|N|07|33|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | Bundesland = | Höhe = 150 | Fläche = 24.98 | Einwohner = 55588 | population_as_of = 2020-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/statistik/pdf_statistik/bevoelkerung/02_02_Bevoelkerung_Geschlecht_Staatsangehoerigkeit_Statistische_Bezirke.pdf|title=Bevölkerung nach Geschlecht und Staatsangehörigkeit in den Statistischen Bezirken am 31.12.2020|publisher=Stadt Dortmund|access-date=28 September 2021|archive-date=4 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304054331/https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/statistik/pdf_statistik/bevoelkerung/02_02_Bevoelkerung_Geschlecht_Staatsangehoerigkeit_Statistische_Bezirke.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | PLZ = 44287 | Vorwahl = 0231 | Lageplan = Dortmund Bezirk Aplerbeck simple.svg | Lageplanbeschreibung = Location within Dortmund }} '''Aplerbeck''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːplɐbɛk}}) waa degmo (''[[Stadtbezirk]]'') ka tirsan magaalada [[Dortmund]] ee gobolka [[Ruhr district|Ruhr]] ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Jarmalka. Tan iyo 1929, waxay ahayd xaafad ka tirsan Dortmund, oo ku taal koonfur-bari ee magaalada. Wabiga [[Emscher]], oo ah wabi ay ku dhacaan [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]], ayaa mara Aplerbeck. Aplerbeck waxaa markii ugu horreysay dukumenti ahaan loogu diiwaangeliyay tuulo ahaan 899. Goobta waxaa lala xiriiriyaa dhimashada laba shahiid oo [[Two Ewalds|labadooduba loo yaqaanay Ewald]] qarnigii 7-aad, sida uu qabo [[Golden Legend]]. Aplerbeck waxay ahayd goob laga sameeyo [[mining|macdanta]] iyo [[heavy industry|warshadaha culus]] oo qayb ka ah Ruhr laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 19-aad ilaa 1926, taasoo keentay in dadku bataan iyo dhismaha hoolka magaalada ee wakiilka ah iyo kaniisad weyn. Isbitaal dhimirka oo muhiim u ah gobolka, oo la aasaasay 1890, ayaa weli shaqeynaya, hadda waa {{Interlanguage link|LWL-Klinik Dortmund|de}}. == Taariikhda == Dukumentigii ugu horreeyay ee xusaya Aplerbeck, markaas ''Afaldrabechi'', waa dukumenti aasaasid (''Stiftungsurkunde'') ee 899, erey ka kooban "tufaax" iyo "qulqulka". Sida uu qabo [[Golden Legend]], laba wadaad, [[Two Ewalds|Ewalds]], ayaa lagu dilay meel u dhow Aplerbeck qarnigii 7-aad.<ref name="Liesenberg" /> Iyadoo warshaduhu ay socdaan, macdanta waxaa laga sameeyay {{Interlanguage link|Zeche Vereinigte Schürbank & Charlottenburg|de}}. 1855, Aplerbeck waxaa ku xiray tareenka [[Cologne-Minden Railway Company]]. {{Interlanguage link|Aplerbecker Hütte|de}} waxaa la aasaasay 1862.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} 1890, dawladda gobolka [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] waxay u dooratay Aplerbeck inay noqoto hoyga rugta dhimirka ee cusub si ay ugu adeegto [[Ruhr area|deegaanka Ruhr]].<ref name="Liesenberg" /><ref name="LWL" /> Beer hore ayaa la helay, si loogu shaqeeyo bukaanada beerashada. Magaca ''Westfälische Provinzial-Heilanstalt Aplerbeck'' (ka dib gaaban: ''Westfälische Klinik'' iyo ''Heilanstalt'') 1904,<ref name="LWL" /> waxaa loogu talagalay inay hoy u noqoto 660 bukaan. Hoolka magaalada ee Aplerbeck, {{Interlanguage link|Amtshaus Aplerbeck|de}}, waxaa dhisay 1906/07 {{Interlanguage link|Wilhelm Stricker|de|Wilhelm Stricker (Baumeister)}}. Aplerbecker Hütte waa la xiray 1925. Aplerbeck waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Dortmund 1 Agoosto 1929.<ref name="Liesenberg" /> Intii lagu jiray xukunka [[Nazis|Nasiibka]], muwaadiniinta Yuhuudda waa la masaafuriyay, kaliya 30 ka mid ah 120 ee 1933 ayaa awooday inay u haajiraan. Qiyaastii 340 bukaan oo ka tirsan rugta dhimirka ayaa la jeermis dilay.<ref name="Tenhumberg" /> 1941, 95 bukaan ayaa loo raray Hadamar waana la dilay.<ref name="Transport" /> <gallery widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:AmtshausDortmundAplerbeck.jpg|Hoolka magaalada File:Altes Amtshaus (old communal town hall and local jail) of Aplerbeck, a suburb of Dortmund, Germany.jpg|Altes Amtshaus (hoolka magaalada iyo xabsiga taariikhiga ah), Abriil 2019 File:Aplerbecker Hütte2.JPG|Aplerbecker Hütte oo ku taal kaarka boostada, {{Circa|1910}} File:Aplerbeck Grosse Kirche IMGP0446 wp.jpg|''Große Kirche'' File:Verwaltung Westfälische Klinik.JPG|Westfälische Klinik, dhismaha ugu weyn 2007 </gallery> == Diinta == [[St. Georg, Aplerbeck|Georgskirche]] waa [[Romanesque architecture|kaniisad Romanesque]] oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 1147, laakiin waxay u badan tahay inay ku salaysan tahay dhismo ka weyn qarnigii 9-aad. [[Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta]] waxay gaartay Aplerbeck 1570.<ref name="Liesenberg" /> Iyadoo warshaduhu ay socdaan, kaniisad weyn ayaa loo baahday.<ref name="Industriekultur" /> [[Große Kirche Aplerbeck]] waxaa lagu dhisay [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival style]] ka dib naqshad uu sameeyay [[Christian Heyden]] laga bilaabo 1867 ilaa 1869.<ref name="Industriekultur" /> Georgskirche dambe looma isticmaalin oo way sii xumaatay. Waxaa la soo celiyay 1963, haddana waa goobta ugu weyn ee adeegyada Protestant-ka,<ref name="Georg" /> halka kaniisadda weyn inta badan loo isticmaalo riwaayadaha.<ref name="Industriekultur" /> Maadaama dad badan oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Poland ay degeen Aplerbeck, waxay u baahdeen kaniisad Katolik ah, taas oo la dhisay ka dib naqshad uu sameeyay {{Interlanguage link|August Carl Lange|de}} waxaana la quduus ka dhigay 21 Diseembar 1880, oo loo magacaabay {{Interlanguage link|St. Ewaldi, Aplerbeck|de|St. Ewaldi (Aplerbeck)|lt=St. Ewaldi}} ka dib markii shahiidada.<ref name="Damals" /> Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, kaniisaddani waxay u noqotay mid aad u yar kaniisad sii kordheysa. Waxaa lagu beddelay 1971 kaniisad cusub.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Aplerbeck Kirche St Georg.jpg|Georgskirche File:Titelbild des Kirchenführers Der Zeigefinger Gottes von Siegfried Liesenberg..jpg|''Der Zeigefinger Gottes'' (Farta tilmaanta ee Ilaah) </gallery> == Shakhsiyaad == * [[Wilhelm Canaris]] (1887–1945), Admiral<ref name="Liesenberg" /> * [[Paul Graebner]] (1871–1933), dhir-yaqaan{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} * [[Heinz Eberhard Strüning]] (1896–1986), rinjiile, farshaxan == Suugaanta == * Siegfried Niehaus: ''Aplerbeck''. Heinrich Borgmann, Dortmund 1977. * Siegfried Niehaus: ''Kleine Geschichte des Amtes Aplerbeck''. Stadtsparkasse Dortmund, 1980. * Uwe Bitzel: ''Lebensunwert. Die Heilanstalt Aplerbeck und ihre Kranken während des Nationalsozialismus''. Montania, Dortmund 1995, {{ISBN|3-929236-04-4}}. * Hans Georg Kirchhoff, Siegfried Liesenberg (ed.): ''1100 Jahre Aplerbeck: Festschrift im Auftrag des Vereins für Heimatpflege''. Essen 1998, {{ISBN|3-88474-735-5}}. * Georg Eggenstein (ed.): ''Aplerbeck. Sechs Profile – Ein Gesicht''. Limosa, Clenze 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-86037-402-3}}. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|30em | refs = <ref name="Liesenberg">{{cite web |last = Liesenberg |first = Siegfried |url = https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtbezirke/stbzportal_aplerbeck/leben_aplerbeck/bezirksportraet_apl/geschichte_apl/index.html |title = Geschichte |website = [[Dortmund]] |language = German |accessdate = 11 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160412175211/http://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtbezirke/stbzportal_aplerbeck/leben_aplerbeck/bezirksportraet_apl/geschichte_apl/index.html |archivedate = 12 April 2016 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Damals">{{cite web |url = http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/?cat=58 |title = Katholische Gemeinde |website = aplerbeck-damals.de |language = German |accessdate = 18 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170214085601/http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/?cat=58 |archivedate = 14 February 2017 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Georg">{{cite web |url = http://www.georgsgemeinde.de/gottesdienst.html |title = Unsere Kirchen |website = georgsgemeinde.de |language = German |accessdate = 16 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131213/http://www.georgsgemeinde.de/gottesdienst.html |archivedate = 17 January 2018 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Industriekultur">{{cite web |url = http://www.route-industriekultur.ruhr/themenrouten/26-sakralbauten/grosse-kirche-do-aplerbeck.html |title = Unsere Kirchen |website = route-industriekultur.ruhr |language = German |accessdate = 18 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160502044854/http://www.route-industriekultur.ruhr/themenrouten/26-sakralbauten/grosse-kirche-do-aplerbeck.html |archivedate = 2 May 2016 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="LWL">{{cite web |url = http://www.lwl-klinik-dortmund.de/de/wir_ueber_uns/geschichte/Die_ersten_Jahre/ |title = Die Ersten Jahre |website = LWL-Klinik |language = German |accessdate = 11 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160024/http://www.lwl-klinik-dortmund.de/de/wir_ueber_uns/geschichte/Die_ersten_Jahre/ |archivedate = 12 January 2018 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Tenhumberg">{{cite web |url = http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/05aaff9c310b0fe15/05aaff9c360ff9610/index.html |title = Dortmund-Aplerbeck Marsbruchstraße 179 |website = tenhumbergreinhard.de |language = German |accessdate = 16 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160721142048/http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/05aaff9c310b0fe15/05aaff9c360ff9610/index.html |archivedate = 21 July 2016 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Transport">{{cite web |url = http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager-1/1933-1945-lager-d/dortmund-aplerbeck-marsbruchstrae-179.html |title = Transportliste der Deportierten 1941 |website = tenhumbergreinhard.de |language = German |accessdate = 16 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160824035314/http://tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager-1/1933-1945-lager-d/dortmund-aplerbeck-marsbruchstrae-179.html |archivedate = 24 August 2016 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> }} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons|Dortmund#Aplerbeck}} * [http://www.aplerbeck.dortmund.de/ Stadtbezirksportal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aplerbeck.dortmund.de/ |date=20070731010737 }} Dortmund * [http://dortmund.aplerbeck.net/ Berichte über Aplerbeck] {{Wayback|url=http://dortmund.aplerbeck.net/ |date=20160430170318 }} * [http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/ Aplerbecker Geschichte] Taariikhda Aplerbeck {{authority control}} l77d9ntyua80dwu92dfnf2pzt6s2zw9 0 49408 304127 302598 2026-08-06T00:35:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Argenthal COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|49|58|32|N|7|35|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Argenthal in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Simmern-Rheinböllen | elevation = 458 | area = 28.52 | postal_code = 55496 | area_code = 06761 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 003 | website = {{URL|http://www.argenthal.de/}} | mayor = Hans-Werner Merg<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Argenthal''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka la isku daray – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Simmern]]. {{stack|[[File:Argenthal01.jpg|thumb|upright|Town hall in the village centre]]}} == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Argenthal waxay ku taal cirifka waqooyi-galbeed ee Soonwald, oo ah qayb kayn badan oo ka mid ah galbeedka-dhexe ee [[Hunsrück]], kaas oo gaaraya dherer dhan 657 m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]] waana qayb ka mid ah [[Rhenish Massif]]. Xarumaha waaweyn ee degaanka u dhow waa [[Simmern]] dhinaca galbeed iyo [[Rheinböllen]] dhinaca bari. Muuqaalka ugu sarreeya ee Argenthal waa Schanzerkopf oo jooggiisu yahay 643 m oo ka sarreeya heerka badda. Sidoo kale gudaha xadka degmada waxaa ku yaal Waldsee, oo ah balli dabaasha oo ka dhashay macdan qoditaan duug ah oo la xiray 1935. Argenthal waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha waaweyn ee [[Hunsrück]] oo ay dad yar oo keliya weli ka shaqeeyaan dhulka. Inta badan dadka degmada waxay nolol maalmeedkooda ka kasbadaan sidii [[Blue-collar worker|shaqaale buluug]] ama [[white-collar worker|shaqaale cad]], saraakiil, farsamayaqaanno, ganacsatada iyo askar. === Baaxadda degmada === Iyada oo leh bedka guud oo dhan 28.52 km², kaas oo 19.85 km² uu yahay kayn (Soonwald), aagga degmada Argenthal waa, ka dib [[Boppard]], kii labaad ee ugu weyn degmada.<ref>Source: ''Statistisches Landesamt'', as at 31 December 2007</ref> == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 1091, degmadu waxay markii ugu horreysay lahayd xusin dukumiinti sida ''Argantal''. Sayidka ayaa ahaa [[List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine|Count Palatine of the Rhine]]. Laga bilaabo 1794, Argenthal waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sannadkii 1815 waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Tan iyo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. === Horumarka dadweynaha === Jadwalka soo socda wuxuu muujinayaa horumarka dadka Argenthal (tirakoobka 31 Diseembar mar kasta): {{historical populations|width=12em|align=none|cols=4 | 1815 | 730 | 1835 | 880 | 1871 | 792 | 1905 | 851 | 1939 | 849 | 1950 | 1,023 | 1961 | 1,091 | 1965 | 1,238 | 1970 | 1,394 | 1975 | 1,444 | 1980 | 1,436 | 1985 | 1,432 | 1987 | 1,479 | 1990 | 1,526 | 1995 | 1,557 | 2000 | 1,578 | 2005 | 1,660 | 2009 | 1,627 | 2021 | 1,661 | source = ''Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz'' }} == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 xubnood, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye sharaf leh. Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinkan soo socda: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! !! [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || WG || Wadarta |- | 2009 || 7 || 9 || 16 kursi |} === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada Argenthal waa Hans-Werner Merg.<ref name=mayor/> === Astaanta degmada === Sharaxaadda Jarmalka ee astaantu waa: ''Im schräggeteilten Schild vorne von Blau und Silber schräg gerautet, hinten ein rot bewehrter und -gezungter Löwe nach rechts.'' [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa luuqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriisiga sidan: Per bend bendy lozengy argent and azure, and sable a lion rampant sinister Or armed and langued gules. Qaabka “bendy lozengy” ee dhinaca dexter (midigta qofka sita, bidixda daawadaha) wuxuu u taagan yahay Duke-ga Bavaria, oo ahaa sayid hore, halka [[charge (heraldry)|astaanta]] dhinaca sinister (bidixda qofka sita, midigta daawadaha), libaaxa rampant sinister (oo loo yaqaan “sinister” sababtoo ah wuxuu wajahayaa bidixda qofka sita) sidoo kale wuxuu tixraacayaa sayid hore, kiiskan Count Palatine of the Rhine. Astaanta waxaa la sitay tan iyo 9 Diseembar 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.argenthal.de/Gemeinde.htm |title=Description and explanation of Argenthal’s arms |access-date=2010-12-22 |archive-date=2010-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100813044643/http://www.argenthal.de/Gemeinde.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == === Dhismayaasha === [[File:Argenthal02.jpg|thumb|Turmgasse 6: Evangelical church]] Kuwan soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ku yaal Buugga Goobaha Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]: * [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] church, Turmgasse 6 – [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn waddooyin dhinacyada ah]], 1770, munaaradda galbeed iyo ballaarinta calaamadeysan 1852; qabuuraha; xusuusta dagaalyahannada, tiir [[sandstone|sandstone]] leh gargaar, astaanta Palatine-Bavarian; dhismaha oo dhan * [[John the Baptist|Saint John the Baptist's]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church (kaniisad laan; ''Filialkirche St. St. Johannes Baptist''), Aulergasse 1 – kaniisad aan lahayn waddooyin dhinacyada ah, 1826, ku-darka sacristy laga soo bilaabo qeybtii dambe ee qarnigii 19-aad, ballaarinta 1949 * On ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 50 oo u socota dhinaca Simmern – dhagax-milay; [[basalt]] obelisk Prussian, saddex meelood meel hore oo qarnigii 19-aad<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district]</ref> === Isboortiga iyo madadaalada === Xagaaga, degmadu iyo aaggeeda dibadda waxay bixisaa [[hiking|socod]] iyo [[cycling|baaskiil wadid]] Soonwald ballaaran iyo [[Human swimming|dabaasha]] iyo madadaalo Waldsee. Jiilaalka, Schanzerkopf oo leh jiirada sledding waa goob loo socdo oo caan ah, gaar ahaan qoysaska carruurta leh. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Kaabayaasha maxalliga ah ee si wanaagsan loo horumariyay iyo masaafo gaaban oo loo maro xarunta degmada ee Simmern iyo [[Frankfurt-Hahn Airport]], kaas oo hadda ku raaxaysanaya kor u kac, waxay door bidaan degmada sidii meel nololeed, sidaas oo kale xiriirka ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 50 iyo [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 61|A 61]] oo horseeda caasimadda gobolka, [[Mainz]], iyo [[Frankfurt Rhine Main Region]]. Sannadkii 1996, ''Bundesstraße'' 50 waa la ballaariyay sidoo kale dib ayaa loo habeeyay si aysan hadda u marin tuulada, laakiin ay u dhaafto sidii waddo afar-dariiq ah. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Argenthal}} *[http://www.argenthal.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} mt8qbwlcijtjg69ki16ks96c3qbjtu2 0 49750 304128 303521 2026-08-06T01:15:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = CoA - Wappen Beetzendorf.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52.7000|11.0917|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Beetzendorf in SAW.png |state = |district = Altmarkkreis Salzwedel |Verbandsgemeinde = Beetzendorf-Diesdorf |elevation = 35 |area = 97.97 |postal_code = 38489, 38486 |area_code = 039000, 039007 |licence = SAW, GA, KLZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 81 045 |website = [http://www.beetzendorf-diesdorf.de/ www.beetzendorf-<br />diesdorf.de] |mayor = Enrico Lehnemann<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Beetzendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbeːtsn̩ˌdɔʁf}}) waa munisipaliteet ku yaal degmada [[Altmarkkreis Salzwedel]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt|Saksonta-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaybaha munisipaliteetka ama ''Ortsteile'' ee soo socda:<ref name=Hauptsatzung>[http://www.beetzendorf-diesdorf.de/images/stories/satzungen/beetzendorf/hauptsatzung_beetzendorf.pdf Hauptsatzung der Gemeinde Beetzendorf] {{Wayback|url=http://www.beetzendorf-diesdorf.de/images/stories/satzungen/beetzendorf/hauptsatzung_beetzendorf.pdf |date=20220707065113 }}, 23 November 2017.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *Audorf *[[Bandau]] *Beetzendorf *Darnebeck *Groß Gischau *[[Hohentramm]] *[[Jeeben]] *Käcklitz *Klein Gischau *[[Mellin, Saxony-Anhalt|Mellin]] *Neumühle *Peertz *Poppau *Siedengrieben *Stapen *[[Tangeln]] *Wohlgemuth {{div col end}} Laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 2009 wuxuu dhex qaatay munisipaliteetyadii hore ee Bandau, Hohentramm, Jeeben, Mellin iyo Tangeln.<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-inklusive-umstellung-januar.html?nn=212328 Gebietsänderungen am 01.01.2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> [[File:004A mwuerfel.jpg|thumb|left|Sieben Linden sannadkii 2012]] Waxaa ka mid ah [[Village|tuulooyin]] kale oo ka sii duqsan sida [[Mellin, Saxony-Anhalt|Mellin]], mashruuc deegaan oo laga dhisay tan iyo 1997 dhowrka Poppau, ee [[Ecovillage|Tuulada Deegaanka]] Sieben Linden. [[File:Strohpolis.jpg|thumb|left|[[Straw-bale construction|Guri cawska la doortay]]<br />oo leh [[Solar panel|Doolarka cadayga]]]] [[File:Ruine Beetzendorf.jpg|thumb|left|taariikhda: haraadiga qasrigii hore<br />(la dhisay sannadkii 1200)]] [[File:Beetzendorf_railway_station.jpg|thumb|Saldhigga tareenka ee hore]] ==Dadka caanka ah== * [[Frederick Klaeber]], filoolojiste ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{Commons category-inline|Beetzendorf}} *{{Wikivoyage-inline|Beetzendorf}} {{Authority control}} h8c8g6qv2s0axnb4slveurpxsw94brc 0 50005 304130 303908 2026-08-06T01:42:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bodenbach |image_coa = DEU Bodenbach COA.svg |image_photo = Bodenbach St. Apollonia 6571.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Apollonia |coordinates = {{coord|50|18|49|N|6|50|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bodenbach in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Kelberg |elevation = 475 |area = 4.78 |postal_code = 53539 |area_code = 02692 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 205 |mayor = Thorsten Krämer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |website = {{url|http://www.bodenbach-eifel.de/}} }} '''Bodenbach''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Vulkaneifel]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kelberg]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Kelberg|degmada magaca le'eg]]. == Juqraafiyadda == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo caan ku ah taariikhdeeda foolkaanaha, sifooyinka Juqraafiyeed iyo juqraafiyeed, iyo xitaa hawlaha socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaasaska mararka qaarkood ka soo baxa dhulka. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha waxaa ka kooban 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanshaha]] doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. === Astaanta qaranka === Magaca Jarmalka waa: ''Im goldenen Schild, durch blauen Schräglinksbalken geteilt, oben eine schwarze, dreitürmige Kirche, unten ein grünes Rad mit Lindenblattspeichen.'' [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada ee Ingiriiska [[Heraldry|heraldic]] luqadda waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa sidan: Or a bend sinister wavy azure, in dexter chief a church with three towers each with a conical roof sable and in base sinister a wheel spoked of eight, the spokes in the shape of lime leaves pointing away from the hub vert. Kaniisadda, oo ah dhisme cajiib ah oo leh saddex munaaradood, waa calaamad maxalli ah. Galka qalloocan ee buluuga ah (taas oo ah, xariiqda qalloocan ee mowjadda leh) waa [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] oo loogu talagalay in lagu tixraaco magaca meesha ee dhammaadka ''—bach'', [[German language|Jarmal]] oo ah "qulqul" (''Boden—'', dhinaca kale, macnaheedu waa "dhulka" ama "hoose" – waa isku mid tan dambe – laakiin ma jiro wax kharash ah oo soo jeedinaya qaybtan magaca ah). Afhayeenka giraangirta, oo qaabkiisu yahay caleemaha [[Tilia|limetree]], waxay u taagan yihiin liin aad u da' badan (ama linden) oo ku taal kaniisadda, oo la beeray si loo xuso dagaallada xorriyadda ee 1813. Giraangirta lafteedu waxay tixraacaysaa qaab-dhismeedka miyiga ee degmada, halka [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]], vert (taas oo ah, cagaar), ay u taagan tahay hantida kaynta ee ay degmadu leedahay.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Bodenbach/ |title=Description and explanation of Bodenbach’s arms |access-date=2010-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130132203/http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Bodenbach/ |archive-date=2010-01-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Dhismaha === * Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]], Kirchstraße 4, [[Classicism|Classicist]] [[aisleless church]] laga bilaabo 1829, la ballaariyay oo la dheereeyay 1950, iskutallaabta tiirka laga bilaabo qarnigii 18aad dhexe * Hauptstraße – [[basalt]] iskutallaabta waddada laga bilaabo 1803 * Koonfureed tuulada ee waddada ku socota [[Bongard]] – Jidka [[Our Lady of Sorrows]], oo leh toddoba saldhig, oo la siiyay 1816, dib loo cusboonaysiiyay 1916<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> == Diinta == Bodenbach in der Eifel waa xarunta kaniisadda ee ba('''parochial seat''') ee kaniisadda St. Apollonia Bodenbach taas oo ay ka tirsan yihiin bulshooyinka Bodenbach, [[Bongard]] (kaniisadda laanta), [[Borler]] (chapel loogu talagalay Saint Bernard) iyo [[Gelenberg]] ([[Wendelin of Trier|Saint Wendelin’s]] Chapel). In ka badan 90% dadweynaha waxay ka tirsan yihiin [[Catholic Church|Kaniisadda Katolika ee Roomaanka]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100130132203/http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Bodenbach/ Bodenbach in the collective municipality’s Web pages] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2357486/1t06ph3/index.html Brief portrait of Bodenbach with film] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2357486/1t06ph3/index.html |date=20121016063845 }} at [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} smqqq6gl6929ghg94744iwb6bf6oc9q 0 50017 304135 303953 2026-08-06T01:51:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Böhlen |image_photo = Rathaus Boehlen.JPG |image_coa = Wappen boehlen.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|12|9|N|12|23|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Böhlen in L.svg |state = |district = Leipzig |elevation = 126 |area = 24.56 |postal_code = 04564 |area_code = 034206, 034299 (Großdeuben) |licence = L, BNA, GHA, GRM, MTL, WUR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14729040 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.stadt-boehlen.de/ www.stadt-boehlen.de] |mayor = Dietmar Berndt<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Böhlen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbøːlən|-|De-Böhlen.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Sachsen]], [[Jarmalka]], koonfurta [[Leipzig]]. Sifooyinkeeda ugu muhiimsan waa garoon diyaaradeed oo yar iyo warshad koronto. Waxay ku taal [[Neuseenland]] ee dhowaan la dhisay, harooyinka laga abuuray meelihii macdan qodista ee furan ee hore. == Taariikhda == Xuskan ugu horreeya ee la diiwaangeliyay ee Böhlen wuxuu ku taariikhaysan yahay 1353,<ref name = "hov">{{HOV|Böhlen_(2)}}</ref> inkasta oo aagga la dejiyay tan iyo qarnigii 7-aad. Magaca magaalada wuxuu ka soo jeedaa erayga [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] ''bely''<ref>{{Citation |title=b́olĕ |date=2024-07-28 |work=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=b%CC%81ol%C4%95&oldid=80901546 |access-date=2026-05-01 |language=en}}</ref> (cad, dhalaalaya, dhalaalaya).<ref>{{cite book | author = Ernst Eichler, Hans Walther | title = Sachsen. Alle Städtenamen und deren Geschichte | publisher = Faber und Faber | place = Leipzig | year = 2007 | pages = 47}}</ref> [[Manorialism|manor]] waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1548. Guriga manor, oo maxalli ahaan loogu yeero qalcadda, waxaa la dhisay qarnigii 16-aad. Dukumentiga ugu horreeya ee ku saabsan kaniisadda tuulada duugga ah waxay ka timid 1540, inkasta oo dhismahani uu ka kooban yahay qaybo [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]].<ref>{{BKD|16|4|4|Böhlen}}</ref> Cudurka [[Plague (disease)|daacuunka]] ee intii lagu guda jiray [[Thirty Years' War]] waxaa la sheegay in laba qoys oo keliya ay ka badbaadeen.<ref>{{cite book | author = F. Heise | editor = G. A. Poenicke | title = Leipziger Kreis | series = Album der Rittergüter in Sachsen | chapter = Böhlen | place = Leipzig | year = 1860 | url = http://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/498/361/0/ | pages = 236}}</ref> Dabeecadda meeshu waxay ahayd miyi muddo dheer. Sannadkii 1842 saldhig ku yaal [[Leipzig–Hof railway]] ayaa laga furay Böhlen. Dugsiyada oo leh shan qol oo wax lagu barto ayaa la dhisay 1879. Böhlen waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]] [[Pegau]] ilaa 1856, ka dibna ee ''Gerichtsamt'' (degmada garsoorka) [[Zwenkau]] ilaa 1875 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay ee ''Amtshauptmannschaft'' (degmada) Leipzig.<ref name = "hov"/> Kaliya laga bilaabo 1920-yadii ayay tuuladu isu beddeshay goob warshadeed, inta badan iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay [[lignite]] ee laga helay aagga. Sannadkii 1924 mid ka mid ah miinooyinka lignite ee ugu weyn adduunka ee waqtigaas ayaa laga furay galbeedka Böhlen. Waxaa lagu qalabeeyay [[conveyor bridge]] oo dhererkiisu yahay 200 m iyo dhererkiisu yahay 50 m. Dhamaadka [[World War II]] [[List of subcamps of Buchenwald|subcamp]] ee [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] ayaa la dhisay, halkaas oo 800 oo maxbuus ay u shaqeynayeen sidii [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|shaqo khasab ah]] ee warshad ''[[Brabag|Braunkohle-Benzin AG]]'' ("Brabag"). Sababo la xiriira warshadaha istiraatiijiy Ahaan muhiimka ah, Böhlen waxay la kulantay weeraro culus oo dhinaca hawada ah 1944/1945. Warshadaha ugu muhiimsan waxaa loo wareejiyay maamulka Soofiyeedka ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, waxaana loo celiyay GDR 1952. Isla sannadkaas, ''Kulturhaus'' (xarunta fanka iyo firaaqada) ayaa la furay. Iyada oo si maamul ah la isugu daray saldhigga korontada, warshadaha ka shaqaynta dhuxusha, iyo shaqada shidaalka mootada, [[Volkseigener Betrieb|oo ay leedahay dowladda]] ''[[Combine (enterprise)|Kombinat]]'' "Otto Grotewohl" ayaa la aasaasay. 7 Oktoobar 1964 Böhlen waxaa la guddoonsiiyay magaca magaalada. Tuulada deriska la ah ee Zeschwitz waxaa lagu daray maamul ahaan Böhlen 1942, laakiin waxaa laga qoday 1943. Sidoo kale, Stöhna (oo qayb ahaan la qoday tan iyo 1955) waxaa lagu daray 1960, Trachenau (inta badan la qoday 1962–1965) 1964, iyo [[Großdeuben]] 1997.<ref name = "hov"/> Warshadaha kiimikada waxaa iibsaday [[Dow Chemical|Dow Olefinverbund]] 1995. Maanta Böhlen, iyo sidoo kale magaalada deriska la ah [[Zwenkau]], waxay ka faa'iidaysanayaan [[Neuseenland]] ee dhowaan la dhisay, halkaas oo miinooyinka furan ee hore loo beddelayo harooyin waaweyn.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eigentumswohnung-kaufen-leipzig.de/en/location/life-and-living-in-boehlen/ | title=Accentro | access-date=2026-08-03 | archive-date=2020-09-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928111159/https://www.eigentumswohnung-kaufen-leipzig.de/en/location/life-and-living-in-boehlen/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bohlen}} 5goxej1lvbvlq2q83uo6f0ngyartpy7 0 50030 304131 303966 2026-08-06T01:42:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|21|N|12|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bollewick in MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Röbel-Müritz |elevation = 86 |area = 26.69 |postal_code = 17207 |area_code = 039931 |licence = MBS, MÜR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 013 |website = {{URL|http://www.amt-roebel-mueritz.de}} |mayor = Bertold Meyer }} '''Bollewick''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxaa maamula [[Röbel-Müritz (Amt)|xafiiska Röbel-Müritz]] ee magaalada [[Röbel]] / [[Müritz]]. Degmada Bollewick waxaa ku jira tuulooyinka [[:de:Nätebow|Nätebow]], Spitzkuhn iyo ilaa 7 Juun 2009, [[Kambs]]<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-januar-dezmber.html Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> iyo Wildkuhl.<ref>[http://www.amt-roebel-mueritz.de/verzeichnis/visitenkarte.php?mandat=109775 Bollewick]</ref> == Taariikhda == [[File:Bollewick 150725015.JPG|300px|left|thumb|[[Bakayolaha]] Bollewick waxaa la dhisay 1881. Waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay bakayolaha dhagaxa iyo lebenka ugu weyn Jarmalka. Waxaa loo badalay hudheel iyo xarun munaasabadeed 1991kii. ]] Magaca Bollewick oo leh qaybihiisa (wareegsan, calool weyn) iyo wick (sugidda Jarmalka wig, wik = meel ama tuulo, oo laga soo amaahday Latin vicus = tuulo) waxay ka dhigan tahay [[Rundling|Runddorf]]. Laga soo bilaabo degsigaggii hore ee aagga waxaa soo haray [[:de:Großsteingräber bei Bollewick|laba xabaalood oo waaweyn]] oo u dhow tuulada. Bollewick waxaa loo dhisay qayb ka mid ah Nedebuh (hadda [[:de:Nätebow|Nätebow]]) qarnigii 13aad iyadoo ay dhistay raga hantiyoole ah ee [[Werle]] Konrad Büne. Xuska ugu horreeya wuxuu ku taariikhaysan yahay Janaayo 21, 1261.<ref name=yelp>[https://www.yelp.ca/biz/portal-bollewick-bollewick Xuska sanadguurada 750]</ref> Tuulada ayaa markaas ahayd ilaa 1200 mitir dhanka galbeed ee [[Wackstower See|harada Wackstower]] oo ku dhow wareeg. Goobtii asalka ahayd waa la dayacay malaha sababtoo ah [[heerka biyaha dhulka]] ee sarreeya ee xeebta harada. Horeeya bilowgii [[Dagaalkii Sodonka Sano]], tuulada waxay ahayd cidlo. Bollewick waxaa loo dhisay sidii [[degsigag toosan]] oo dheer laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 18aad goobta hadda taal. Ka dib isbeddelno joogto ah oo lahaanshaha ah iyo dib u dhis tartiib tartiib ah, bulshada waxaa si aad ah loogu dejiyay horraantii 1930-meeyadii. == Goobaha Soo Jiidashada == * [[Bakayolaha]] Bollewick waxaa la dhisay 1881 waana astaan ​​degmada ah. Waa bakayolaha dhagaxa duurjoogta ah ee ugu weyn Jarmalka, oo leh aag 125 m × 34 m ah oo ka hooseeya saqafka. Ilaa 1991 bakayolaha waxaa loo isticmaali jiray beeraha oo tan iyo markaas waa la cusboonaysiiyay oo loo beddelay xarun munaasabadeed oo wadata hudheel iyo safaf dukaamo ah. * [[Gothic architecture|Gothic hore]], [[Rib vault|laab-laabka isdhaafka ah]] kaniisadda lebenka ee Nätebow. Waxay ahayd [[Fortified church|kaniisad tuulo oo la adkeeyay]] qarnigii 14aad laakiin tan iyo markaas waa la dhisay dhowr jeer. Gudaha waxaa lagu qurxiyey meel allabariga oo xardhan laga bilaabo 1522, iyo taallo qadiimi ah oo ilaaliye ah oo ka tirsan qarnigii 17aad. Kaniisaddu waxay u furan tahay dadweynaha iyo cibaadada waqti ka waqti. * Kaniisadda tuulada Gothic ee Kambs waxay soo taariikhaysan tahay qarnigii 13aad. Waxay leedahay saqaf [[Vault (architecture)|qalloocan]] oo dhagax ah. [[nave]] ee munaaradda galbeedka iyo marin-habaabka waxay ka yimaadaan qarnigii 14aad. * Tan iyo 2006 waxaa jira [[maze]] oo ku taal Bollewick.<ref>[http://www.irrgarten-bollewick.de/startseite/geschichte/ Bogga internetka ee Irrgarten oo wata xogta taariikhda; la soo ceshatay 1 Luulyo 2014 ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.irrgarten-bollewick.de/startseite/geschichte/ |date=20140714140434 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140434/http://www.irrgarten-bollewick.de/startseite/geschichte/ |date=2014-07-14 }} {{in lang|de}}</ref> <gallery> File:Bollewick Scheune 2010-04-20 080.jpg|Bakayolaha ku yaal Bollewick. File:Nätebow Kirche 2010-04-20 082.jpg|Kaniisadda tuulada ee Nätebow. File:Kambs MÜR Kirche 2009-07-16 193.jpg|Gothic [[kaniisad la adkeeyay]] ee Kambs. File:Irrgarten Bollewick.jpg|Maze ku taal Bollewick. </gallery> == Gaadiidka == Bollewick waxay ku taal [[:de:Bundesstraße 198|Bundesstrasse 198]] – waddada ka timaada Röbel / Müritz. Isku xirka jidka weyn ee Röbel ee [[Bundesautobahn 19]] (Berlin–Rostock) waa qiyaastii siddeed kiiloomitir u jirta Bollewick. Saldhigyada tareenada ee ugu dhow waxay ku jiraan [[Malchow]] iyo [[Waren (Müritz)]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Megaliths in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline|Bollewick|''Bollewick''}} {{Authority control}} nhl48qnvbr27dlo7sqm8nsbc97b32zg 0 50046 304132 303983 2026-08-06T01:43:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flagge Borchen.svg |image_coa = DEU Borchen COA.svg |image_photo = Borchen - 2016-09-25 - Schloss Hamborn (001).jpg |image_caption = {{ill|Schloss Hamborn|de}} ee ku taal Borchen |coordinates = {{coord|51|40|00|N|08|44|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Borchen in PB.svg |state = |region = Detmold |district = Paderborn |elevation = 150 |area = 77.28 |postal_code = 33176–33178 |area_code = 05251, 05292, 05293 |licence = PB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 7 74 012 |divisions = 5 |website = [http://www.borchen.de www.borchen.de] |mayor = Uwe Gockel<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 29 June 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;25 |party = independent |ruling_party1 = |year = 1969 }} '''Borchen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɔʁçn̩|-|Borchen.ogg}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Paderborn (district)|gobolka Paderborn]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Borchen waxay ku taal miiska Paderborn, qiyaastii 5 km koonfur ka xigta [[Paderborn]]. Degmada sidoo kale waxaa ku jira qayb yar oo ka mid ah bariga [[Hellweg|agagaarka Hellweg]]. Xadka waqooyi-galbeed ee Borchen webiga [[Altenau (Alme)|Altenau]] wuxuu ku daraa webiga [[Alme River]]. ===Degmooyinka deriska la ah=== Laga bilaabo waqooyiga, iyadoo loo wareegayo dhanka saacadda, [[Paderborn]], [[Lichtenau, Westphalia|Lichtenau]], [[Bad Wünnenberg]] iyo [[Salzkotten]] waa degmooyinka deriska la ah Borchen. ===Qaybinta degmada=== Sida waafaqsan § 4 ee amarka Borchen<ref name="Hauptsatzung">{{Cite web |title=Hauptsatzung der Gemeinde Borchen |url=http://www.borchen.de/borchennf/rathaus_online/bindata/2_1_hauptsatzung.pdf |access-date=2026-08-03 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718203428/http://www.borchen.de/borchennf/rathaus_online/bindata/2_1_hauptsatzung.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> degmada waxaa loo qaybiyaa aagagga magaalooyinka ee soo socda: *Alfen *Dörenhagen (oo ay ku jiraan Eggeringhausen iyo Busch) *[[Etteln]] *Kirchborchen (oo ay ku jiraan [[Schloß Hamborn]]) *Nordborchen ==Taariikhda== Borchen qaabkeeda hadda jirta waxay jirtay ilaa 1969. Kuwii ka horreeyay waxaa maamulayey [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paderborn|Archdiocese of Paderborn]]. Qarnigii 14-aad [[Bishopric of Paderborn]] ayaa la sameeyay, taas oo iyaduna noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle]] laga bilaabo qarnigii 16-aad wixii ka dambeeyay. Laga soo bilaabo 1802 ilaa 1807 Bishopric waxaa qabsaday [[Kingdom of Prussia]], taas oo ka dib ay ku dhacday [[Kingdom of Westphalia]]. 1813 boqortooyadan waa burburtay, 1815na Boqortooyada Prussiya ayaa dib u qabsatay aagga. Waqtigan xaadirka ah Prussiya waxay dhistay qaybo cusub oo maamul oo, qaab wax laga beddelay, weli la heli karo maanta. Sidaas awgeed aaggu wuxuu xubin ka noqday degmada maamulka ee cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Minden]] ee ku taal [[Province of Westphalia]]. 1816, intii lagu guda jiray dhisidda [[Districts of Germany|degmooyinka cusub ee Jarmalka]], Alfen, Nordborchen, Kirchborchen iyo Dörenhagen waxaa lagu dhex daray degmada Paderborn, halka Etteln uu noqday xubin ka tirsan [[Büren (district)|degmada Büren]]. 1969, degmooyinka Alfen, Nordborchen iyo Kirchborchen ayaa midoobay, iyagoo dhisay degmada Borchen. Ugu dambeyntii, Janaayo 1, 1975, Etteln iyo Dörenhangen waxay ku biireen Borchen. ==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah== * [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|25px]] [[Schwarzenberg, Saxony]] (tan iyo 2007) ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} laapf6n40yklmc0ximogrl9g1tod6f6 0 50087 304133 304036 2026-08-06T01:44:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Braunshorn COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|5|32|N|7|31|07|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Braunshorn in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Kastellaun | elevation = 475 | area = 6.98 | postal_code = 56288 | area_code = 06746 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 018 | website = {{URL|http://www.braunshorn.de/}} | mayor = Markus Becker<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Braunshorn''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadareed – oo ku taal gobolka [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kastellaun (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kastellaun]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Kastellaun|magaalada magaca la mid ah]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta=== Degmada waxay ku taal [[Hunsrück]] qiyaastii 18&nbsp;km galbeed ee [[Oberwesel]] iyo hal kiiloomitir bari ka xigta [[Gödenroth]]. ===Bulshooyinka ka kooban=== Magaca degmada waxaa leh tuulada Braunshorn, oo ah mid ka mid ah saddexda ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' ee degmada. Labada kale waa Dudenroth iyo Ebschied. ==Taariikhda== Aasaasayaasha Braunshorn iyo Dudenroth waxay ahaayeen Rabbiyadii Braunshorn, qiyaastii 1090, mid ka mid ah kuraastoodii boqortooyada ayaa ahayd [[motte-and-bailey|qasriga]] Dudenroth, kaas oo loo arki karo dhismaha ugu da'da weyn ee difaaca Hunsrück. Runtii, labada meeloodba, haraadiga [[Middle Ages|qarniyadii dhexe]] ee qasriyada waa la heli karaa. 1098 waxaa yimid xusashadii ugu horreysay ee dokumentiga ah ee Castle Dudenroth; waqtigan waxay ka tirsanayd Gandolf von Braunshorn. Kaniisaddii ugu horreysay waxaa lagu xusay waqtigii Heinrich von Braunshorn, 1175. 1268, qoyskii boqortooyada waxay u raseen kursigoodii [[Beilstein, Rhineland-Palatinate|Beilstein]]. Bilowga Ebschied, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax yar bay ka duwanayd. Asal ahaan waxay ka tirsanayd Counts of Kessel ee ku taal [[Meuse]]. 1295, waxay lahayd xusashadii ugu horreysay ee dokumentiga ah markii dhaxlatayaasha degmada ay isku khilaafeen midba the other. Sannadkan dhexdiisa, Walram, Provost ee ku taal [[Münster]], wuxuu ka iibiyay tuuladiisa, Ebschied, Count Palatine. 1352, Count Walram ee [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] wuxuu dalbaday xuquuqda comte ee Ebschied, laakiin sababtoo ah ma uusan raacin go'aanka garsooraha ee arrinta, Ebschied waxaa la boobay iyadoo lagu hanjabay in la gubo. 1363, markii Guriga Braunshorn uusan lahayn dhaxlatayaal lab ah oo dambe, Braunshorn waxay guur ku martay Lords of Winneburg-Beilstein. Qarnigii 17aad, Braunshorn iyo Dudenroth labaduba waxay ku jireen dhulka uu maamulayay “Maxkamadda Saddexda-Rabbiga”, taas oo xarunteedu ahayd ''Beltem'' ([[Beltheim]]). Hantida dhulka ee aaggan waxaa loo qaybiyay saddex guri: Counts Palatine ee Simmern, Guriga Boos von Waldeck iyo Counts of Braunshorn. Ka hor [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]], waxaa jiray saddex meelood oo dab ah (tani waxay akhrisa “reeraha”) tuulada Braunshorn, sida laga soo xigtay diiwaanka. Laga soo bilaabo 1637 ilaa 1794, tuulada Braunshorn waxaa fief ku haystay Barons of Metternich. 1599, Ebschied waxaa lagu duubay in ay leedahay 11 “beero”, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ka tirsanaa [[Electoral Palatinate]]. 1784, [[chapel|kaniisadda yar]] ee [[Erasmus of Formiae|Saint Erasmus]] ee sharafta Ebschied dib ayaa loo dhisay. 1798, Braunshorn iyo Dudenroth waxay isku arkeen [[France|Faransiiska]] ''Mairie'' (“Maayer”) ee Gödenroth, lafteedu ku taal [[Cantons of France|Canton]] ee Castellaun dhexdeeda Arrondissement ee Simmern, taas oo ku taal Waaxda [[Rhin-et-Moselle]]. 1804, Faransiiska ''[[Napoleonic Code|Code civil des Français]]'' ayaa la soo bandhigay. Habeenkii 1 Janaayo 1814, [[Prussia|Prussian]] ciidamada uu hoggaaminayo Marshal [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]] ayaa horay u sii maray [[Rhine]] barafaysan agtiisa [[Kaub]], iyaga oo ka xoreeyay dhulka bangiga bidix ee Rhine xukunka Faransiiska; waxay si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqeen dhul Prussian ah 1 June 1815. Tani sidoo kale waxaa ka dhigay mid rasmi ah [[Congress of Vienna|Kوونjiisii Vienna]]. Tuulooyinka ku yaal Hunsrück oo dhan, gorgorka Prussian ayaa la taagay. Braunshorn iyo Dudenroth waxay hadda ku jireen ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Maayerka”) ee Pfalzfeld ee degmada St. Goar. Int u dhaxaysa 1830 iyo 1833, kaniisaddii hore ee Braunshorn waa la dumiyay oo qalabkii waa la iibiyay. Dhanka kale, kaniisadda weli taagan maanta waa la dhisay. Dhulka ku yaal bangiga bidix ee Rhine, oo sidaas darteed Hunsrück, sidoo kale, waxaa la dayacay qarnigii 19aad oo ah aag xadka ah, taas oo ka muuqatay la'aanta ganacsiga iyo warshadaha. Marka laga reebo wadada gobolka ee ka timid [[Boppard]] ilaa [[Simmern]], waxaa jiray kaliya waddooyin si liidata loo horumariyay oo ku xiraya tuulooyinka gaarka ah midba midka kale. Nolol maalmeedka dadka deegaanka ayaa ku jiray beeraha. Tani ma aysan ku filnayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si loo xaqiijiyo dakhli qoys oo wanaagsan oo keligood ah, waayo hawlgallada beeraha waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u yar, ciiduhuna waxay ahaayeen kuwo dhexdhexaad ah ilaa kuwo liita tayada. Bilaha jiilaalka, waxaa jiray dakhli dheeri ah oo ka yimid shaqada [[municipal forest|kaymaha degmada]]. Tani weli run ahaantii kuma filnayn in ay siiso jiilalka da'da yar saldhig nolol ku filan. Sidaa darteed, dad badan oo dhalinyaro ah ayaa aaday aagga [[Cologne]] ama [[Düsseldorf]], mararka qaarkoodna [[Ruhr area|aagga Ruhr]], si ay u raadiyaan shaqo. Dad badan oo kale, gaar ahaan haweenka, waxay isku dayeen inay naftooda ka helaan lacag badan iyagoo ka tagaya magaalada ilaa magaalada [[Rhineland]] iyagoo iibinaya Hunsrück [[wool|suuf]] iyo alaabada ka timid warshadaha yar yar ee tolida ee soo baxay dhanka kale. Waqtiga [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]], horumarinta wadada ayaa ugu dambeyntii timid markii ''Hunsrückhöhenstraße'' (“Wadada Joogga Hunsrück”, waddo muuqaal ah oo soo marta Hunsrück oo asal ahaan loo dhisay waddo milatari oo ku taal [[Hermann Göring]] amaradiisa) la dhisay 1938, taas oo bixineysa xiriir wadadan muhiimka ah ee u dhaxaysa [[Koblenz]] iyo [[Saarbrücken]]. Ka dib [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Braunshorn waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Allied-occupied Germany|aagga Faransiiska ee shaqada]] ilaa 1947, taas oo laga soo bilaabo waqtigaas ay ka mid ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] cusub ee la abuuray ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Intii ay socotay dib-u-habeynta maamulka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], degmooyinka Braunshorn, Dudenroth iyo Ebschied ee iskood isu maamulayay ilaa hadda waxay ahaayeen 17 Maarso 1974 oo lagu daray hal degmo, oo lagu magacaabo Braunshorn.<ref>[http://www.braunshorn.de/land_u_leute/geschichte.php Taariikhda degmada]</ref><ref>[http://www.braunshorn.de/land_u_leute/geschichte_braunshorn.php Taariikhda Braunshorn]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.braunshorn.de/land_u_leute/geschichte_dudenroth.php Taariikhda Dudenroth]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="braunshorn">[http://www.braunshorn.de/land_u_leute/geschichte_ebschied.php Taariikhda Ebschied]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha degmada=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. ===Duqa magaalada=== Duqa Braunshorn waa Markus Becker.<ref name=mayor/> ===Jaakadda hubka=== Degmada [[Coat of arms|hubkeeda]] waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa sidan: Gules saddex geesood oo bugle ah oo aan xadhig lahayn argent. ==Dhaqanka iyo booqashada== ===Dhismaha=== Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal liiska ku jira ama goobaha [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] tusaha Kumannada Dhaqanka: ====Braunshorn (xarunta ugu weyn)==== * [[Mark the Evangelist|Saint Mark]] [[Catholic Church|Kaniisadda Katooliga]] (''Kirche St. Markus''), Kirchweg 5 – saddex-naved quarrystone [[hall church|kaniisadda hoolka]], 1830–1833, naqshadeeye Ferdinand Nebel, Koblenz; dhismaha oo dhan oo leh xabaalo * Zur Alten Burg, qalcadda motte-and-bailey (aagga taallo) – motte wareeg ah oo aan la taariikhaysnayn oo leh darbi ku xeeran ====Dudenroth==== * Birkenstraße – [[Saint Sebastian]] [[Chapel|Kaniisadda]] (''St.-Sebastian-Kapelle''); kaniisad afar geesood ah, 1950s; bamka gacanta, [[Rheinböllen]] Warshadda Birta, qarnigii 19aad dhammaadkiisa ====Ebschied==== * Hauptstraße – [[Erasmus of Formiae|Saint Erasmus]] Kaniisad (''St.-Erasmus-Kapelle''); [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn waddo]]<ref name="gdke-rlp">[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Tusaha Kumannada Dhaqanka ee Rhein-Hunsrück degmada]</ref> <gallery> File:Burg Braunshorn aus Suedwesten.jpg|Zur Alten Burg aagga taallada File:Braunshorn07.jpg|Kirchweg 5: Saint Mark Kaniisadda Katooliga File:Dudenroth02.jpg|Birkenstraße: Saint Sebastian Kaniisadda File:Ebschied01.jpg|Ebschied </gallery> ==Akhris dheeraad ah== * Elmar Rettinger: Maqaalka ''Braunshorn''; in: ''Historisches Ortslexikon Rheinland Pfalz. Band 2. Ehemaliger Kreis St. Goar''; weli lama daabicin; online at: [http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=6238 eeg PDF hoos “Braunshorn”] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Braunshorn}} * [http://www.braunshorn.de Bogga rasmiga ah ee Degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} mmp0c6s32dgve6gk9jzo04er3kz6kc5 0 50110 304066 2026-08-05T13:30:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|37|N|12|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Briggow_in_MBS.svg |image_photo = Briggow Kirche 2010-07-20 098.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda ku taal Briggow |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Stavenhagen |elevation = 58 |area = 14.20 |postal_code = 17153 |area_code = 039955 |licence = DM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 018 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.stavenhagen.de/ www.stavenhagen.de] |mayor = Wolfgang Käsler }} '''Briggow''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} sdqy0t75bttjv7bepitil6ck3587eu4 0 50111 304067 2026-08-05T13:32:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Brimingen |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = Wappen Brimingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|58|12|N|06|21|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brimingen in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Bitburger Land |elevation = 400 |area = 5.92 |postal_code = 54646 |area_code = 06522 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 502 |website = [http://www.bitburgerland.de/index.php?id=220 Brimingen at the Bitburger Land website] |mayor = Peter Neyses |leader_term = 2018&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Brimingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Bitburg-Prüm|Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Bishii Janaayo 2018 degmadii hore ee [[Hisel]] waxaa lagu daray Brimingen. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} rbaoqc12v3lew2eimjzpslkvur60kh4 0 50112 304068 2026-08-05T13:33:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Brinjahe.png |image_coa = DEU Brinjahe COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|10|N|9|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brinjahe in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Jevenstedt |elevation = 10 |area = 4.66 |postal_code = 24816 |area_code = 04875 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 031 |website = [https://www.amt-jevenstedt.de/ www.amt-jevenstedt.de] |mayor = Edlef Backsen |party = }} '''Brinjahe''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o94141xg9jml3yjz23vupiz8yxxi3i6 0 50113 304069 2026-08-05T13:35:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flagge Brinkum (Ostfr.).svg |image_coa = DEU Brinkum (Ostfr.) COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|16|N|7|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brinkum in LER.svg |state = |district = Leer |Samtgemeinde = Hesel |elevation = 8 |area = 5.51 |postal_code = 26835 |area_code = 0 49 50 |licence = LER |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 57 003 |website = [http://www.hesel.de/ www.hesel.de] |mayor = Bernhard Janssen |party = }} '''Brinkum''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Leer (district)|Leer]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} am2zshh6reefdf982mm41b27r351as3 0 50114 304070 2026-08-05T13:36:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|53|6|N|9|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brockel in ROW.svg |state = |district = Rotenburg (Wümme) |Samtgemeinde = Bothel |elevation = 34 |area = 25.2 |postal_code = 27386 |area_code = 04266 |licence = ROW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 57 009 |website = [http://www.brockel.de/ www.brockel.de] |mayor = Rolf Lüdemann |party = CDU }} '''Brockel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁoːkl̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rotenburg (district)|Rotenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Brockel waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Prince-Bishopric of Verden]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sanadkii 1648 Amiir-Bishopric-kii waxaa loo beddelay [[Principality of Verden]], kaas oo markii ugu horreysay ay xukumaysay [[personal union]] Boqortooyada Iswiidhan - oo ay dhex-dhexaadisay qabsashadii Denmak (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 waxaa xukumayey qoyska [[House of Hanover|Hanover]]. Sanadkii 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Boqortooyada Westphalia]] ee gaabanayd ayaa qabsatay amiiraddan, ka hor intaysan [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] qabsanin 1810. Sanadkii 1813 Amiiraddii dib loogu soo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], taas oo - ka dib kor u qaadistii ay ku noqotay [[Kingdom of Hanover]] 1814 - ku dartay amiiraddii [[real union]] oo dhulkii amiiradda, oo ay ku jirto Brockel, uu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]] ee cusub, oo la aasaasay 1823. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} cdjycepoq2l0kqfjdz7f13ojt148hod 0 50115 304071 2026-08-05T13:38:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Broeckel.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|31|N|10|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bröckel in CE.svg |state = |district = Celle |Samtgemeinde = Flotwedel |elevation = 44 |area = 16.33 |postal_code = 29356 |area_code = 05144 |licence = CE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 51 005 |divisions = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Heinrich Behrens |party = CDU }} '''Bröckel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁøːkl̩}}, pronounced with a long ö) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Celle (district)|Celle]], ee [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay degmada wadajirka ah ee [[Flotwedel]] oo xarunteedu tahay [[Wienhausen]]. == Juqraafiyada == Bröckel waxay kutaal koonfur-bari Celle. [[River Fuhse|Webiga Fuhse]], oo kala sooca Bröckel iyo degmada deriska la ah ee [[Uetze]] ayaa qulqula qiyaastii laba kiiloomitir koonfur ka xiga tuulada. === Qaybaha degmada === Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka yar yar ee Katzhorn iyo Weghaus. == Taariikhda == Xuskan ugu horreeya ee degmada waxaa la diiwaangeliyay 1215. Magaca tuulada waxaa laga soo qaatay ''Brockelhe'' (''Brauck'' = ''Bruch'' macnaheedu yahay [[moor|dhul qoyan]] ama [[marsh|dhul dhiiqo leh]]). == Siyaasadda == === Golaha === Golaha degmada Bröckel wuxuu ka kooban yahay 11 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan guddoomiyaha (''Bürgermeister''): * [[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]] − 8 kursi * [[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]] − 2 kursi (sida ay ahayd: [[local elections|doorashooyinkii maxalliga ahaa]] ee 10 Sebteembar 2006) === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada ee iskaba xil-saaray ''Bürgermeister'' Heinrich Behrens waxaa la doortay 9 Sebteembar 2001. === Calanka iyo astaanta u gaarka ah === [[Emblazonment]]: "dahab xariiq buluug ah oo ballaaran, oo ay ku taal xijaab fardo qalin ah oo lagu qurxiyey dahab, midigta caws cagaaran, bidixna galley cagaaran." <!-- == Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten == --> == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Bröckel waxaa ku yaal beerta gudaha ee ''Viva Arena''. === Gaadiidka === Bröckel waxay ku taal [[Bundesstraße 214|waddada federaalka ee B 214]] taas oo wareegto uga wareegta tuulada. <!-- == Persönlichkeiten == --> <gallery> File:Marienkirche Bröckel IMG 3445.jpg|St. Mary's File:Ortsbild Bröckel (Uetze) IMG 3433.jpg|Muuqaalka tuulada File:Grundschule Bröckel (Uetze) IMG 3431.jpg|Dugsiga hoose </gallery> == Ilaha xogta == * Friedrich Barenscheer: ''Chronik des Frachtfahrerdorfes Bröckel'', 1963, Selbstverlag der Gemeinde Bröckel, Schriftenreihe des Lönsbund Celle Band 3, 169 Seiten == Tixraac == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.flotwedel.de/ Website of the collective municipality of Flotwedel] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brockel}} dmx3jviqxxpkc916cnb15sn3f17xzv8 0 50116 304072 2026-08-05T13:40:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Brockscheid COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|8|05|N|6|50|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brockscheid in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Daun |elevation = 450 |area = 2.05 |postal_code = 54552 |area_code = 06573 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 011 |website = [http://www.brockscheid.de/ www.brockscheid.de] |mayor = Frank Michels<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Brockscheid''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal gobolka [[Vulkaneifel]] ee [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Daun (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Daun]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay magaalada [[Daun, Germany|la magaca ah]]. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo looga yaqaanno taariikhdeeda foolkaanaha, sifooyinka juqraafiyeed iyo juoloji, iyo xitaa hawlaha socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaasaska marmarka qaarkood ka soo baxa dhulka. == Taariikhda == 9kii Juun 1161, Brockscheid waxay yeelatay xuskan ugu horreeya ee dukumentiyada markii [[Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)|Pope Victor IV]] uu u oggolaaday [[Abbey of Echternach]] ku dhawaaqidda waxbaridda Masiixa ee ''Broxsceith'' (Brockscheid) iyo ''Texscith'' (Tettscheid). Brockscheid waxay ahayd mid aad u yar waqtigaan, oo xitaa ilaa 1654, waxaa jiray kaliya shan meelood oo dab ah tuulada. Xitaa sidaas oo kale, Brockscheid ma aysan ahayn mid aan lahayn meel cibaado, iyadoo kaniisad la xusay horraantii 1238. Kaniisadda Brockscheid waxaa ku jiray [[Udler]] iyo Tettscheid 1804, oo ah hab weli taagan maanta. Sannadkii 1862, [[Biblical Magi|Magi]] waxaa laga saaray sidii ilaaliyeyaasha tuulada, iyadoo booskooda ay qaadatay [[Saint Ursula]]. Sidoo kale taariikhda tuulada waxaa ku xiran qalcaddii hore, ee hadda burburtay, Burg Freudenstein, oo hadhaagii lagu arki karo keynta. Ma jiro wax u muuqda inuu jiray xiriir rasmi ah oo u dhaxeeya qalcaddan iyo tuulada, si kastaba ha ahaatee. Qalcadda waxaa la xusay abbaaraha 1340 inay ka tirsaneyd [[County of Luxembourg|Counts of Luxembourg]], in kasta oo Brockscheid lafteedu ay ku dhex jirtay [[Electorate of Trier|Electoral-Trier]] ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Daun. Sannadkii 1840, warshad cusub ayaa ka soo baxday Brockscheid taas oo u keentay degmada sumcad gaar ah. August Mark wuxuu aasaasay warshad shub ah oo lagu shubo gambaleelaha, xaqiiqdiina warshaddu waxay sii socotaa maanta iyadoo ay ka jiraan laba warshadood oo nuucaan ah degmada.<ref>[http://www.brockscheid.de/ History] – Ku xulo ''Kultur'', kadibna guji ''Geschichte''.</ref> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada Brockscheid waa Frank Michels.<ref name=mayor/> === Calanka iyo astaanta u gaarka ah === Af-Jarmalka waxaa lagu qoraa: ''Durch schwarze, oben gezinnte Leiste geteilt, oben in Silber drei rote Kronen balkenweise, unten in Gold eine rote Glocke.'' Bulshada [[Coat of arms|sumaddeedu]] luqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriiska waxaa loo qori karaa sida soo socota: Xariiq yar oo la soo dheereeyay sable, oo korkeeda ay ku yaalliin saddex taaj oo fess gules ah, oo hoostaasna ay ku taal Or gambaleelka saddexaad. Xariiqda la soo dheereeyay (taas oo ah, xariiqda jiifka ah ee cidhiidhiga ah oo leh cidhifka sare ee u eg qalcad ku taal derbiga qalcadda) waxay u taagan tahay qalcaddii burburtay, Burg Freudenstein, oo laga helay xuduudaha degmada Brockscheid. Saddexda taaj waxay u taagan yihiin [[Biblical Magi|Magi]], oo ilaa 1862 ahaa ilaaliyeyaasha tuulada. [[tincture (heraldry)|Midabada]] argent iyo gules (qalin iyo casaan) waxay tilmaamayaan xaaladdii hore ee tuulada oo ahayd degmo ka tirsan [[Electorate of Trier|Electoral-Trier]] ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Daun. Hoostiisa xariiqda, midabada waa Or iyo gules (dahab iyo casaan), kuwaas oo ay wateen Rabbiyadii hore ee Daun ee hubkooda. Rabbiyadani waxay lahaayeen xuquuq kafaala-qaad ah kaniisadda deegaanka. Gambaleelku wuxuu u taagan yahay xirfadda sameeyaha gambaleelka, taas oo ka bilaabatay Brockscheid 1840 oo sii socota maanta. Astaamaha waxaa la sitay tan iyo 12 Nofeembar 1987.<ref>[http://www.brockscheid.de/ Description and explanation of Brockscheid’s arms] – Ku xulo ''Kultur'', kadibna guji ''Wappen''.</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Taallooyinka qadiimiga ah === Badhtamaha xagga dooxada Lieser, aasaaska waxa loogu yeero Geisenburg waa la heli karaa. Qalcaddan waxaa asal ahaan loogu yiqiin Freudenburg. === Dhismayaasha === * [[Saint Ursula]]'s [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] Parish Church, Am Kirchplatz 5, [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] quire tower, oo la dheereeyay qarnigii 18aad, saqafka teendhada laga soo bilaabo 1843, xabaasha dhexdeeda [[sandstone]] [[shaft cross]] qarnigii 18aad * Glockenstraße 39 – sharaf leh ''Quereinhaus'' (guri degganaansho iyo ganacsi oo isku dhafan oo loo qaybiyay labadan ujeedo badhtamaha, oo u jeeda waddada) oo u muuqda inuu ka yimid 1816<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Warshadaha gambaleelka === Waxaa ku yaal Brockscheid laba ka mid ah warshadaha gambaleelka ee yar ee Jarmalka ee hartay. ''Eifeler Glockengießerei'' waxaa hadda maamusha haweeneyda keliya ee sayid u ah warshadda gambaleelka ee Yurub. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200319121642/http://www.brockscheid.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} pf8i2ut163q4qujvsggvqy45jldnrkt 0 50117 304073 2026-08-05T13:41:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|28|03|N|08|24|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brockum_in_DH.svg |state = |district = Diepholz |Samtgemeinde = Altes Amt Lemförde |elevation = 52 |area = 30.62 |postal_code = 49448 |area_code = 05443 |licence = DH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03251009 |website = https://www.brockum.de/ |mayor = Daniel Kütenbrink |party = Independent voters association }} '''Brockum''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁoːkʊm}}; Low German: ''Brookm'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka Diepholz ee [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay Samtgemeinde Altes Amt Lemförde, oo xarunteeda maamulku tahay Lemförde. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta juqraafiyeed === Brockum waxay ku taal gudaha Naturpark Dümmer, oo ah dhul ilaashan oo lagu garto dhul qoyan oo ballaaran, dhul hoose, Harada Dümmer iyo buuraha Stemweder Berg. Qiyaastii 2.3 km waqooyi ka xigta tuulada waa kaydka dabiiciga ah ee Sette, oo daboolaya qiyaastii 44 hektar oo loo asteeyay 1988 qayb ka mid ah dhulka hoose ee Diepholz moorland. Degmadu waxay ku taal qiyaastii 3 km bari ka xigta Lemförde iyo waqooyiga Stemweder Berg. Harada Dümmer, oo ah biyaha dhexe ee beerta dabiiciga ah iyo goob madadaalo goboleed oo loogu talagalay shiraaca iyo surfing, waxay u jirtaa ilaa 7 km waqooyi-galbeed ee bartamaha tuulada. Brockum waxay daboolaysaa bedka aaggiisu yahay ilaa 30.6 km² waana degmada ugu weyn xubinta ka ah Samtgemeinde Altes Amt Lemförde. === Horumarinta dadweynaha === Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka rasmiga ah, Brockum waxay lahayd 1,072 deganayaal laga bilaabo 1 Juun 2025 (524 rag ah iyo 548 dumar ah), taasoo ka dhalatay cufnaanta dadweynaha oo ah qiyaastii 35 deganayaal kiiloomitirkii laba jibaaran. Dhamaadka 2024, dadku waxay taagnaayeen 1,086. == Taariikhda == Brockum waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyay 969 magaca ''Bruochem'', ee shahaadada deeqda ee Bishop Milo oo Minden. Qaababka taariikhiga ah ee dambe waxaa ka mid ah ''Brochem'' (1243) iyo ''Bruchem'' (1247). Magaca meesha waxaa loola jeedaa "degmo u dhow dhul qoyan". Waqtioyadii hore ee casriga ahayd Brockum waxay heshay muhiimad goboleed iyada oo loo marayo suuqeeda sannadlaha ah, laba warshadood oo dabaysha ah iyo saldhig kastamka. Kaniisad loo asteeyay Mary, Simon iyo Jude ayaa jirtay, oo xabaalo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay "mid aad u duug ah" agagaarka 1460. Kaniisad gooni ah ayaa la aasaasay 1661, oo hore u tirsan jirtay Dielingen. Dhismaha kaniisadda ee hadda taariikhdiisu waxay ka socotaa 1833; munaarad galbeed oo lagu daray 1894 waa la ilaaliyay ka dib markii kaniisadda la burburiyay 1971. Sannadkii 1822, dab xoog leh ayaa burburiyay inta badan tuulada. Qarniyadii 20aad iyo 21aad Brockum waxay ka kortay degmo inta badan beerashada ah ilaa degmo deegaaneed. Suuqa Brockum wuxuu ka soo jeestay carwo kaniisad waxaana la diiwaangeliyay tan iyo 1558 suuq xor ah iyo laga bilaabo 1573 sida carwo (''kermisse''). == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha degmada wuxuu ka kooban yahay kow iyo toban xubnood waxaana si gaar ah u matalayay ururka codbixiyeyaasha maxalliga ah dhowr xilli oo doorasho. === Duqa magaalada === Daniel Kütenbrink wuxuu u adeeegayay sidii duqa sharafta leh laga bilaabo 2025. == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Brockumer Großmarkt === Brockumer Großmarkt, oo la qabto sannad kasta usbuuca ugu dambeeya ee Oktoobar, waa dhacdada ugu muhiimsan degmada. Waxay ka soo kortay carwo kaniisad ilaa ganacsi goboleed iyo suuq xoolaha ah waxayna maanta isu geysaa carwo madadaalo, bandhig ganacsi iyo bandhigyo beeraha ah, oo soo jiidanaya agagaarka 200,000 oo booqasho sannad kasta. === Dhismayaasha iyo xusuusta === Taallooyinka la diiwaangeliyay waxaa ka mid ah munaaradda la ilaaliyay ee kaniisaddii hore ee Brockum. Goobaha kale ee xusid mudan waa foornada taariikhiga ah iyo "Dhagaxa 1000-Sano", oo xusaya xuskii ugu horreeyay ee la diiwaangeliyay ee Brockum. === Ururrada === Nolosha bulshada waxaa qaabeeya kooxo maxalli ah oo tiro badan, oo ay ku jiraan TSV Brockum (la aasaasay 1921), koox rasaasta, dab-demiska tabaruca, ururrada heesaha iyo bulshada dhaxalka. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha === Brockum waxay ku xiran tahay shabakadda waddooyinka gobolka iyada oo loo marayo Bundesstraße 51 (Diepholz–Osnabrück). Dhaqaaluhu inta badan waa miyiga, oo leh beerasho iyo ganacsiyo yaryar. Xarumaha shaqada ee waaweyn waxay ku yaalaan inta badan Lemförde iyo dhammaan degmada Diepholz. Xarumaha dadweynaha waxaa ka mid ah dugsi hoose, garoomada ciyaaraha, hoolka rasaasta iyo dab-demiska tabaruca. == Waxbarashada === Waxbarashada hoose waxaa lagu bixiyaa deegaanka; dugsiyada sare waxay ku yaalaan Lemförde, Diepholz iyo magaalooyinka ku xeeran. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ioywent0ylhkrbrq8c87hrki3pyognh 0 50118 304074 2026-08-05T13:43:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Brodersdorf.png |image_coa = DEU Brodersdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|22|N|10|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brodersdorf in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Probstei |elevation = 23 |area = 3.63 |postal_code = 24235 |area_code = 04343 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 012 |website = [http://www.brodersdorf.de/ www.brodersdorf.de] |mayor = Ferdinand Mülder-von Guerard |party = }} '''Brodersdorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Plön (district)|Plön]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} dbkfvo5r7ur603xg5iyi6wk7yh8kxsj 0 50119 304075 2026-08-05T13:44:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Broderstorf.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|04|N|12|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Broderstorf_in_LRO.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Carbäk |elevation = 40 |area = 34.07 |postal_code = 18184 |area_code = 038204 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 019 |website = [http://www.amtcarbaek.de www.amtcarbaek.de] |mayor = Hanns Lange |party = }} '''Broderstorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2id5ngw9viuxqygnxutu2olnxdb72jg 0 50120 304076 2026-08-05T13:46:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | name = Broitzem | name_local = |type = Borough |City = Braunschweig | image_photo = 2010-03-23 Broitzem-Versöhnungskirche.JPG | image_caption = Kaniisadda ku taal Broitzem | image_coa = DE-NI 03-1-01-000 Broitzem COA.svg | image_plan = Braunschweig-Mappe Broitzem.jpg | plantext = Location of Broitzem within Braunschweig | state = | regbzk = | district = urban district | population = 5722 | population_as_of = 2020-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.braunschweig.de/politik_verwaltung/statistik/ez_stadtbezirke.php|title=Einwohnerzahlen nach Stadtbezirken|publisher=Stadt Braunschweig|access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref> | area = 3.700 | elevation = | coordinates = {{coord|52|14|4|N|10|28|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 38122 | area_code = 0531 | licence = BS | mayor = Meike Rupp-Naujok | party = SPD | Bürgermeistertitel = | website = [http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/stadtteile/broitzem/index.html Official Website] }} '''Broitzem''' waa ''[[Stadtbezirk]]'' (degmo) ku taal koonfur-galbeed ee [[Braunschweig]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Tuulada Broitzem waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumentiyada qarnigii 12aad. Asal ahaan inta badan waxay ahayd tuulo beeraley ah, Broitzem waxay ku xidhan tahay shabakadda tareenada iyada oo la mareyso [[Hildesheim–Brunswick railway]] qarnigii 19aad dadkuna waxay si aad ah u bilaabeen inay u safraan shaqada magaalada dhexdeeda. Horraantii qarnigii 20aad, tuuladu waxay lahayd ilaa 1000 deganayaal.<ref>[http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/stadtteile/broitzem/siedlungsentwicklung.html Siedlungsentwicklung von 1179 bis heute (in German)]. Retrieved on October 7, 2012.</ref> Qarnigii 20aad, deegaanno cusub oo deggenaansho iyo ganacsi ah ayaa laga horumariyay Broitzem, taasoo sababtay korodhka dadweynaha. Sannadkii 1974, tuuladii, oo illaa xilligaas ahayd qayb ka mid ah degmada miyiga ah ee la kala diray ee [[Braunschweig (district)|Braunschweig]], waxaa lagu daray magaalada Braunschweig waxayna noqotay degmo magaalada ah.<ref>[http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/stadtteile/broitzem/eingemeindungen.html Eingemeindungen 1934 bis 1974 (in German)]. Retrieved on October 7, 2012.</ref> === Garoonka diyaaradaha === Sannadkii 1916 [[Military airbase|garoonka diyaaradaha ciidamada]] ayaa laga dhisay waqooyiga Broitzem. Sannadkii 1929 xarunta guud ee [[Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule]] waxaa loo raray garoonka diyaaradaha Broitzem, oo si rasmi ah u ahayd dugsi duulimaad oo loogu talagalay duuliyeyaasha ganacsiga iyo dambeyna xarun tababar oo milateri oo loogu talagalay [[Luftwaffe]].<ref>[http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/stadtteile/broitzem/flughafen.html Flughafen 1917 bis 1945 und Kriegseinwirkungen Eingemeindungen 1934 bis 1974 (in German)]. Retrieved on October 7, 2012.</ref> Garoonka diyaaradaha waxaa la xiray dhamaadkii [[World War II]].<ref>[http://www.relikte.com/bs_broitzem/index.htm Der Fliegerhorst Braunschweig-Broitzem (in German)]. Retrieved on October 7, 2012.</ref> == Siyaasadda == Duqa degmada Meike Rupp-Naujok waa xubin ka tirsan [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Bulshada ee Jarmalka]].<ref>[http://www.braunschweig.de/politik_verwaltung/politik/stadtbezirksraete/sb223.html Stadtbezirksrat 223 Broitzem (in German)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427112809/http://www.braunschweig.de/politik_verwaltung/politik/stadtbezirksraete/sb223.html |date=April 27, 2014 }}. Retrieved on October 7, 2012.</ref> {{Commons category|Broitzem}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fweo31a60weygkmuxnf01ad2pcjf25w 0 50121 304077 2026-08-05T13:48:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Brokdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|51|41|N|9|19|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brokdorf in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Wilstermarsch |elevation = 1 |area = 19.79 |postal_code = 25576 |area_code = 04829, 04858 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 018 |website = [http://www.wilstermarsch.de/ www.wilstermarsch.de] |mayor = Elke Göttsche |party = CDU }} '''Brokdorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta webiga [[Elbe]], qiyaastii 20 km bariga ka hor int>**aan** webigu ku shubin [[North Sea|Badda Waqooyi]]. Laga bilaabo Diseembar 2019, wadarta guud ee dadka ku nool Brokdorf waxay ahayd 965 qof. ==Taariikhda== ===Mashruuca tamarta nukliyeerka=== Qorshaynta reactor [[nuclear power|tamarta nukliyeerka]] biyaha fudud ee Brokdorf, 45 mayl waqooyi-galbeed ee Hamburg, waxay bilaabatay horraantii 11960-meeyadii, walaacyada ku saabsanaanshaha soo jeedinta [[Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant]] waxay noqdeen arrin dadweyne November 1973, markaas oo dhowr reactor oo tamarta nukliyeerka ah ay horey uga shaqeynayeen Jarmalka. Intii lagu guda jiray dhismaha 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii waxaa jiray banaanbaxyo rabshado wata oo ku saabsan Brokdorf oo ay sameeyeen [[Anti-nuclear movement in Germany|mucaaradka]]. Banaanbaxyadii ugu waaweynaa ee goobta ka dhacay waxay ahaayeen November 1976, Febraayo 1977, Janaayo 1981 iyo Juun 1986.<ref name=glaserbas/> November 1976, in ka badan 30,000 oo qof ayaa ka mudaaharaaday mashruuca Brokdorf. Mudaaharaadyadan waxay horseedeen in la joojiyo dhismaha Oktoobar 1977, taas oo si rasmi ah loogu marmarsiyooday la'aanta istaraatiijiyad qashin-qub ah oo loogu talagalay shidaalka la isticmaalay. Brokdorf waxay noqotay astaan ​​awood leh oo ka tirsan [[anti-nuclear movement|dhaqdhaqaaqa ka soo horjeeda nukliyeerka]] Jarmalka.<ref name=glaserbas/> Febraayo 1977, 6,500 [[riot police|booliis rabshado wata]] iyo 2,000 oo sarkaal oo ka tirsan [[Bundesgrenzschutz|ilaalada xuduudaha]] ayaa la abaabulay oo laga keenay dhammaan [[Federal Republic of Germany|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Jarmalka]]. Wadarta guud, in ka badan 1,000 gaari, oo ay ku jiraan [[water cannon|madaafiicda biyaha]], [[Armored car (military)|gaadiidka gaashaaman]] iyo kuwo kale, ayaa ay isticmaaleen maamulka Brokdorf. Xannibaadaha waddooyinka ayaa laga dhisay Jarmalka oo dhan, dadkii soo gelayay xadka [[Denmark|Denmark]] iyo [[Netherlands|Nederlaan]] ayaana la wareystay ujeedadooda.<ref>[http://www.infopartisan.net/archive/1977/7709.html Gegen den Bau des AKW in Brokdorf] accessed 8 November 2008</ref> Markii dhismahuhu uu dib u bilaaban lahaa Febraayo 1981, qiyaastii 100,000 oo qof ayaa ka mudaaharaaday mashruuca, iyagoo la kulmay ciidan booliis ah oo ka badnaa 10,000. Waqtigaas, tani waxay ahayd hawlgalkii booliis ee ugu weyn taariikhda Jarmalka Galbeed. Isku dhacyo dheeraad ah iyo muranno siyaasadeed ayaa soo baxay, laakiin reactor-ka nukliyeerka ee Brokdorf ayaa ugu dambeyn bilaabay shaqada Oktoobar 1986.<ref name=glaserbas>{{cite journal |url=http://bos.sagepub.com/content/68/6/10.full |title=From Brokdorf to Fukushima: The long journey to nuclear phase-out |author=Alexander Glaser |date=November–December 2012 |volume=68 |journal=[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]] |issue=6 |page=10 |doi=10.1177/0096340212464357 |bibcode=2012BuAtS..68f..10G |s2cid=145511308 |author-link=Alexander Glaser |url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{Portal|Germany|Nuclear technology}} *[[Wyhl]] *[[Kalkar]] ==Tixraac== <references/> {{Authority control}} 2czkcqtu6auywjwvaenqcnjjflq0tk2 0 50122 304078 2026-08-05T13:50:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Brokstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|58|N|9|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brokstedt in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Kellinghusen |elevation = 21 |area = 12.62 |postal_code = 24616 |area_code = 04324 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 019 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.kellinghusen.de/ www.kellinghusen.de] |mayor = Clemens Preine |party = }} '''Brokstedt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Gaadiidka == Saldhigga Brokstedt wuxuu u adeegaa degmada oo ah saldhigga tareenka. == Ciyaaraha iyo madadaalada == [[Holsteinring]] waa waddo mootooyinka xawaaraha sare leh oo martigelisa kooxda xawaaraha [[MSC Brokstedt]]. Kooxda kubadda cagta ee TSV Brokstedt 1926 waxay ku ciyaaraan garoonka Am Sportpl. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ncl924hbdjpn887zc1gyi5gl0l7r5dd 0 50123 304079 2026-08-05T13:52:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Brombachtal.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|44|N|08|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brombachtal in ERB.svg |image_photo = BrombachtalRathaus.JPG |image_caption = Xarunta magaalada |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = Odenwaldkreis |elevation = 250-420 |area = 20.44 |postal_code = 64753 |area_code = 06063 |licence = ERB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 37 005 |website = [https://www.brombachtal.de/ www.brombachtal.de] |mayor = Andreas Koch<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = CDU }} '''Brombachtal''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Odenwaldkreis]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta juqraafiyeed === Bulshadu waxay ku taal bartamaha [[Odenwald]] agagaarka [[Bad König]]. === Bulshooyinka deriska ah === Brombachtal waxay xuduud la leedahay xagga waqooyi iyo bari magaalada [[Bad König]], xagga koonfureed magaalada [[Michelstadt]] iyo xagga galbeed bulshooyinka [[Reichelsheim (Odenwald)|Reichelsheim]] iyo [[Brensbach]]. === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Shan ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' ee Brombachtal waa Birkert, Böllstein, Hembach, Kirchbrombach (xarunta maamulka bulshada) iyo Langenbrombach. == Siyaasadda == {{update section|date=July 2021}} Doorashadii golaha degmada ee la qabtay 26 Maarso 2006 waxay soo saartay natiijadan soo socota: {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" | '''Xisbiyada iyo bulshooyinka codbixiyeyaasha''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2006''' |align="center" | '''Kursi<br />2006''' |align="center" | '''%<br />2001''' |align="center" | '''Kursi<br />2001''' |---- |CDU |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] |align="right" |36.6 |align="right" |7 |align="right" |35.3 |align="right" |8 |---- |SPD |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] |align="right" |46.6 |align="right" |9 |align="right" |52.0 |align="right" |12 |---- |GREENS |[[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen]] |align="right" |9.4 |align="right" |2 |align="right" |10.2 |align="right" |2 |---- | FDP |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] |align="right" |7.4 |align="right" |1 |align="right" |2.6 |align="right" |1 |---- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Wadarta''' |align="right" |'''100.0''' |align="right" |'''19''' |align="right" |'''100.0''' |align="right" |'''23''' |---- |---- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Codbixiyayaasha %''' |colspan="2" align="right" |'''51.5''' |colspan="2" align="right" |'''60.7''' |} === Duqa magaalada === Doorashadii [[Two-round system|wareega labaad]] ee 11 Juun 2004, Willi Kredel (SPD) waxaa loo doortay Duqa Brombachtal oo helay 66.9% codadka. == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Dhismayaasha === Bartamaha Kirchbrombach waxaa taagan kaniisadda [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] ee la dhisay badhtamihii qarnigii 15aad oo leh [[polyptych|meel allabariga]] ah, oo la dhisay 1518 loona hibeeyay [[Alban of Mainz|Quduus Alban]]. Kaniisaddu waxay ilaa [[Protestant Reformation|Dib-u-habeyntii]] ka tirsanayd [[St. Alban's Abbey, Mainz|Kurdiga St. Alban]] ee [[Mainz]]. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Gaadiidka === Bulshada waxaa ku xiran shabakadda waddooyinka fogaanshaha fog iyada oo la mareyso ''[[Bundesstraße]]n'' 45 ([[Hanau]] - [[Eberbach (Baden)|Eberbach]]) iyo 47 ([[Walldürn]] - [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]). ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 1bj6g9cj399x736s6eqw0pm51lieosb 0 50124 304080 2026-08-05T13:53:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|40|00|N|13|55|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bronkow in OSL.svg |state = |district = Oberspreewald-Lausitz |Amt = Altdöbern |elevation = 129 |area = 38.21 |postal_code = 03205 |area_code = 035435 |licence = OSL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 66 041 |divisions = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.amt-altdoebern.de/ www.amt-altdoebern.de] |mayor = Christian Pompsch<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12066000 Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Bronkow''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁɔŋko}}, {{IPA|dsb|ˈbrɔŋkɔw|lang}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Oberspreewald-Lausitz]], koonfurta [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == Bronkow waa mid ka mid ah shanta degmo ee ka tirsan [[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]] ee [[Amt Altdöbern|Altdöbern]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay degmooyinka (Jarmal: {{lang|de|Ortsteile}}) ee Lipten (Sorbian Hoose: {{lang|dsb|Libeśin}}) iyo Lug ({{lang|dsb|Ług}}), iyo sidoo kale bulshooyinka deegaanka ah ({{lang|de|bewohnte Gemeindeteile}}) ee Rutzkau ({{lang|dsb|Cernjow}}) iyo [[Saadow]] ({{lang|dsb|Žadow}}) iyo aagagga degaanka ee Amandusdorf iyo Forsthaus Lipten.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://service.brandenburg.de/service/de/adressen/kommunalverzeichnis/ansicht/~120665601041-bronkow|title=Dienstleistungsportal der Landesverwaltung Brandenburg. Gemeinde Bronkow|date=2021-09-30|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> == Taariikhda == Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1945, Bronkow waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg|Gobolka Brandenburg]]. Laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Bezirk Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]]. == Dadweynaha == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Bronkow.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta Dadweynaha ilaa 1875 ee ku dhex jirta Xuduudaha Hadda (Sadarka Buluugga ah: Dadweynaha; Sadarka Dhibicdhibicda leh: Barbardhiga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Grey: Waqtiga xukunka Naasiga; Asalka Cas: Waqtiga xukunka Shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Bronkow: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda dhexdooda (2013)<ref>Ilo-wareedyada xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1092 | 1890 | 928 | 1910 | 1011 | 1925 | 975 | 1933 | 968 | 1939 | 1072 | 1946 | 1300 | 1950 | 1288 | 1964 | 924 | 1971 | 945 | 1981 | 796 | 1985 | 757 | 1989 | 755 | 1990 | 764 | 1991 | 742 | 1992 | 739 | 1993 | 739 | 1994 | 739 | 1995 | 728 | 1996 | 728 | 1997 | 721 | 1998 | 718 | 1999 | 720 | 2000 | 732 | 2001 | 741 | 2002 | 723 | 2003 | 707 | 2004 | 700 | 2005 | 692 | 2006 | 680 | 2007 | 658 | 2008 | 652 | 2009 | 654 | 2010 | 628 | 2011 | 638 | 2012 | 637 | 2013 | 635 | 2014 | 610 | 2015 | 601 | 2016 | 586 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7qe6lqwoa3qiqqr034lwxhq408szisz 0 50125 304081 2026-08-05T13:55:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bröthen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|29|N|10|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bröthen in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Büchen |elevation = 23 |area = 10.69 |postal_code = 21514 |area_code = 04155 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 015 |website = [https://www.buechen.de/ www.buechen.de] |mayor = Walter Burmester }} '''Bröthen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁøːtn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Lauenburg (district)|Herzogtum Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brothen}} lw86i1jvl5z06fa5xsz4qvtiqrf7ezv 0 50126 304082 2026-08-05T13:56:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|44|47|N|7|42|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bruchertseifen in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Hamm (Sieg) |elevation = 275 |area = 2.89 |postal_code = 57539 |area_code = 02682 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 014 |divisions = 3 |website = [https://www.hamm-sieg.de/hamm/de/Ortsgemeinden/Bruchertseifen/ www.hamm-sieg.de] |mayor = Axel Mast<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bruchertseifen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} oimzg12l0316022d3cmwdklld4k7gua 0 50127 304083 2026-08-05T13:58:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Bruchhausen |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bruchhausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|14|N|7|15|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bruchhausen in NR.svg |state = |district = Neuwied |Verbandsgemeinde = Unkel |elevation = 200 |area = 2.58 |postal_code = 53572 |area_code = 02224 |licence = NR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 38 008 |website = [http://www.bruchhausen.net/ www.bruchhausen.net] |mayor = Markus Fischer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Neuwied], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Bruchhausen''' ({{IPA|de|bʁʊxˈhaʊzn̩|-|De-Bruchhausen.ogg}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Neuwied (district)|Neuwied]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == References == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 385bhjb1a1u82psxub1jh0duxvx2b6c 0 50128 304084 2026-08-05T13:59:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Bruchköbel |image_coa = DEU Bruchköbel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|11|N|08|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bruchköbel in MKK.svg |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = Main-Kinzig-Kreis |elevation = 113 |area = 29.69 |postal_code = 63486 |area_code = 06181, 06183, 06185 |licence = MKK, GN, HU, SLÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 35 006 |divisions = 5 districts |website = [http://www.bruchkoebel.de/ www.bruchkoebel.de] |mayor = Sylvia Braun<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = FDP }} '''Bruchköbel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁʊxˌkøːbl̩|-|De-Bruchköbel.ogg}}) waa [[magaalo]] ku taal gobolka [[Main-Kinzig-Kreis|Main-Kinzig]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{cvt|19|km}} waqooyi-bari ee [[Frankfurt]]. Waxay leedahay dad gaaraya 20.894 (3 Diseembar 2023). ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bruchköbel}} tdf0hplpnvzlq9s99uvi4kqfopr8kh9 0 50129 304085 2026-08-05T14:01:08Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|10|N|10|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bruchstedt in UH.png |state = |district = Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Tennstedt |elevation = 218 |area = 6.79 |postal_code = 99955 |area_code = 036041 |licence = UH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 64 009 |website... 304085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|10|N|10|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bruchstedt in UH.png |state = |district = Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Tennstedt |elevation = 218 |area = 6.79 |postal_code = 99955 |area_code = 036041 |licence = UH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 64 009 |website = |mayor = Dominik Gary<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713094908/https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 |date=2021-07-13 }}, Freistaat Thuringia, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Bruchstedt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis|Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis]], ee [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Bilowgii qarnigii 9aad Bruchstedt waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay tusaha hantida Arbakishof [[Lullus]] († 786), [[Hersfeld Abbey]] sida '' Brutstede '' oo ay la xiriirto Tennstedt. ('' Dennistede '') Bruchstedt waxaa saameeyay 1663 [[witch-hunt|baaritaankii sixirka]]. Anna Maria Lorenzen waxay gashay ugaarsashada sixirka waxaana lagu ciqaabay musaafurin.<ref>Ronald Füssel: ''Die Hexenverfolgungen im Thüringer Raum'', Veröffentlichungen des Arbeitskreises für historische Hexen- und Kriminalitätsforschung in Norddeutschland, Band 2, Hamburg 2003, S. 255.</ref> 1816 Bruchstedt waxay timid sababtoo ah [[Congress of Vienna|Kongresskii Vienna]] ilaa Kreis Langensalza ee [[Province of Saxony|Gobolka Saxony]] ee Prussiya. Habkeenii 23 May ilaa 24 May 1950, sababtoo ah [[severe weather|cimilada daran]] [[flash flood|daadad kedis ah]] ayaa burburiyay goobta. Dhererka biyaha ayaa gaaray ilaa 3.50 mitir. Siddeed muwaadin iyo inta badan xoolaha ayaa dhibane u noqday masiibada. Si loogu abaabulo dadaal ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay, goobta waxaa dib loo dhisay 3000 oo shaqaale ah muddo 50 maalmood gudahood ah. Habeenkii masiibada waxaa xasuusinaya dhagax xusuus ah oo wata magacyada siddeedii dhibane. Sannad kasta xaflad ayaa ka dhacda xusuusta ficilka midnimada gaarka ah.<ref>"60 Jahre Umweltkatastrophe von Bruchstedt" - Schriftenreihe der TLUG, Nr. 92</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S98951, Bruchstedt, Informationstafel zu Neubauten.jpg|thumb|199px|Kaydka Federaalka Jarmalka, Bruchstedt, Looxa macluumaadka ee dhismayaasha cusub]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6uxqdegq79y4jc953s7ifv1uxm910dh 0 50130 304086 2026-08-05T14:02:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Goetting Bruckmuehl 2008.JPG |image_caption = Bruckmühl (Götting) |image_coa = DEU Bruckmühl COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|53|N|11|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bruckmühl in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 511 |area = 50.21 |postal_code = 83052 |area_code = 08062 and 08061 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 122 |website = [https://www.bruckmuehl.de/ www.bruckmuehl.de] |mayor = Richard Richter<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Bruckmühl''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁʊkmyːl}}; [[Central Bavarian]]: ‘’Bruckmui’’) waa [[market town|magaalo suuqeed]] ku taal gobolka [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]], ee [[Bavaria|Bayern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Mangfall]], 16 km galbeed ka xigta [[Rosenheim]]. [[Image:Bergpanorama.jpg|thumb|left|Muuqaal]] [[Image:Mangfall bei bruckmühl.jpg|thumb|left|Mangfall oo u dhow Bruckmühl]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bruckmuhl}} a54zej1b3nppxctqfslmsbb1devz101 0 50131 304087 2026-08-05T14:06:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Brücktal.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|19|09|N|6|58|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brücktal in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Kelberg |elevation = 470 |area = 2.42 |postal_code = 53539 |area_code = 02692 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 208 |website = [http://www.bruecktal.de/ www.bruecktal.de] |mayor = Werner Schumacher<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Brücktal''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadaag ah – oo ku taal gobolka [[Vulkaneifel]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kelberg]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Kelberg|degmada magaca la mid ah]]. == Juqraafiyada == Degmadu waxay ku taal isgoyska ay webiyada Winsbach, Welcheratherbach iyo Nitzbach ku wada kulmaan [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo loogu yiqiin taariikhdeeda foolkaanaha, sifooyinka juqraafiyeed iyo cilmiga dhulka, iyo xitaa hawlaha socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaasaska mararka qaarkood ka soo baxa dhulka. Brücktal waxay u jirtaa qiyaastii 20 km waqooyi-bari ee xarunta degmada [[Daun, Germany|Daun]]. == Taariikhda == Tuuladu asal ahaan waxay wadatay magaca Brück. Magaca meesha wuxuu ka yimid buundada (''Brücke'' oo ku taal [[German language|Jarmal]]) oo mar dhex maraysay Nitzbach halkan. [[Middle Ages|Waqtiyadii Dhexe]], Brücktal waxay ka tirsanayd, oo ahayd dhaxal ka yimid Garaadadii Are-Hochstaden, [[Electorate of Cologne|Electoral-Cologne]] ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Nürburg, iyo [[Napoleonic Wars|xilligii Napoleon]] ilaa ''Mairie'' ("Duqa magaalada") ee Nürburg. Intii lagu guda jiray dib-u-habeynta maamulka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], degmadu waxay ka gudubtay 1970 degmada Adenau ilaa degmada Daun, taas oo tan iyo markii la siiyay magaca [[Vulkaneifel]]. Degmadu lafteedu sidoo kale waxay gashay isbeddel magac ah 1 Janaayo 1971, markii ay tuurtay magacii hore ee Brück oo ay noqotay Brücktal. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha waxaa ka kooban 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanshaha]] doorashadii golaha ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. === Gacmaha jaakadaha === Astaanta Jarmalkaa waa: ''In Silber eine blaue Wellenpfahldeichsel, bedeckt von einer gezinnten einbogigen Brücke.'' [[Coat of arms|Calaamadda]] degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|haldhanka]] Ingiriisiga ayaa lagu sifeyn karaa sidan: Argent a pall wavy with a third arm palewise azure surmounted in fess abased by an arched bridge embattled of five gules. [[pall (heraldry)|Pall]] aan caadi ahayn oo ku jira calaamadahan - labada gacmood ee diagonal kaligood waa kuwo aad u caadi ah oo pall-ku waa naadir ahaan mawjad - waxay astaan ​​u tahay saddexda webi ee ku kulma degmada. Buundadu waa [[Canting arms|calaamad]] [[charge (heraldry)|eexda ah]] ee magaca degmada, asal ahaan Brück (halka ereyga buundada uu yahay mid aad u eg ''Brücke'').<ref>[http://www.bruecktal.de/ Description and explanation of Brücktal’s arms] – Click on ''Brücktal''.</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Dhismayaasha === * [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] kaniisadda laanta, Kapellenweg, [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn marin]], [[basalt cross|basalt]] [[shaft cross|saldhig iskutallaab]], labaduba ka yimid 1733 * Hauptstraße – iskutallaabta waddada dhinaceeda, iskutallaabta saldhigga basalt ee badhtamihii qarnigii 18aad * Iskutallaabta waddada dhinaceeda, galbeedka tuulada ee waddada aadaysa Welcherath, iskutallaabta tiirka basalt ee 1728<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.bruecktal.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225802/http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Br%C3%BCcktal/ Brücktal ee bogagga webka ee degmada wadajirka ah] {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brucktal}} tast19y7uut5lv09d75n52spndb9iu6 0 50132 304088 2026-08-05T14:08:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_coa = Wappen Brueel.svg |image_photo = Bruel Rathaus.jpg |image_caption = Xarunta degmada |coordinates = {{coord|53|43|N|11|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Brüel_in_LUP.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Sternberger Seenlandschaft |elevation = 20 |area = 27.21 |postal_code = 19412 |area_code = 038483 |licence = PCH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 020 |divisions = 6 |website = {{URL|https://www.stadt-brueel.de/}} |mayor = Hans-Jürgen Goldberg |party = }} '''Brüel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁyːl|-|De-Brüel.ogg}}) waa [[magaalo]] ku taal gobolka [[Ludwigslust-Parchim|Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal 24 km waqooyi-bari ee [[Schwerin]]. ==Dadkii caanka ahaa== [[File:Friedrich Schlie.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Friedrich Schlie 1898]] * [[Johannes Schulze]] (1786–1869), baraha iyo maamulaha * {{ill|Carl Hinstorff|de}} (1811–1882), dukaanka buugaagta iyo daabacaamaha, aasaasaha {{ill|Hinstorff Verlag|de}} * [[Friedrich Schlie]] (1839–1902), aqoonyahanka qadiimiga ah iyo taariikhyahanka fanka * [[Theo Jörgensmann]] (1948–2025), muusikiiste jazz clarinet, wuxuu ku noolaa Brüel laga soo bilaabo 1997 ilaa geeridiisii 2025 {{clear left}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline|Brüel}} * [https://www.stadt-brueel.de/ Website of Brüel] * [https://www.amt-ssl.de Amt Sternberger Seenlandschaft] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bruel}} tld98akgxif2ixmtwmdsz1uj56rjtd1 0 50133 304089 2026-08-05T14:10:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Brunnthal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|1|N|11|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brunnthal in M.svg |image_photo = St. Nikolaus Brunnthal-1.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Nicholas |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Munich |elevation = 592 |area = 37.95 |postal_code = 85649 |area_code = 08102, 08104 |licence = M |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 84 114 |website = [http://www.brunnthal.de/ www.brunnthal.de] |mayor = Stefan Kern<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Brunnthal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁʊntaːl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Munich (district)|Munich]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} cfturk0sahpfwsln5g89yrmkvrkzbyj 0 50134 304090 2026-08-05T14:12:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|16|N|11|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Brunow_in_LUP.svg |image_photo = Brunow Kirche 2008-04-28 099.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada ee Brunow |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Grabow |elevation = 35 |area = 21.09 |postal_code = 19372 |area_code = 038721 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 021 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.amt-grabow.de www.amt-grabow.de] |mayor = Heike Bartczak }} ''Meelaha ku yaal [[Poland]], eeg [[Brunów (disambiguation)]].'' '''Brunow''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ludwigslust-Parchim|Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ktbyswodo8qbx1j5kxf5crqoe5c19hl 304091 304090 2026-08-05T14:12:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|16|N|11|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Brunow_in_LUP.svg |image_photo = Brunow Kirche 2008-04-28 099.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada ee Brunow |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Grabow |elevation = 35 |area = 21.09 |postal_code = 19372 |area_code = 038721 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 021 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.amt-grabow.de www.amt-grabow.de] |mayor = Heike Bartczak }} '''Brunow''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ludwigslust-Parchim|Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ie7aay3fnz3sihc25bmf07vyl4j2w7m 0 50135 304092 2026-08-05T14:14:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Brunsbek COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|35|40|N|10|16|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brunsbek in OD.svg |state = |district = Stormarn |Amt = Siek |elevation = 62 |area = 16.06 |postal_code = 22946 |area_code = 04107 |licence = OD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 62 088 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.amtsiek.de/ www.amtsiek.de] |mayor = Olaf Beber |party = }} '''Brunsbek''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Stormarn (district)|Stormarn]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} l6595an1ikfu3c1jvqm6w5cfkw0kd0j 0 50136 304093 2026-08-05T14:16:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Brunstorf Kirche 2010-03-21 002.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda Brunstorf |image_flag = Flagge Brunstorf.png |image_coa = DEU Brunstorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|29|34|N|10|25|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brunstorf in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Schwarzenbek-Land |elevation = 47 |area = 13.76 |postal_code = 21524 |area_code = 04151 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 017 |website = [https://www.brunstorf.info/ www.brunstorf.info] |mayor = Claus Nesemann |party = }} '''Brunstorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hxnuq74ypig1sf0l7fo0d1qenmz3kgi 0 50137 304094 2026-08-05T14:17:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|06|N|13|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brünzow in VG.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Lubmin |elevation = 5 |area = 16.14 |postal_code = 17509 |area_code = 038354 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 018 |divisions = 6 |website = [http://www.amtlubmin.de www.amtlubmin.de] |mayor = Alfred Bligenthal }} '''Brünzow''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Vorpommern-Greifswald|Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Vierow 0521 095505.jpg|thumb|left|u dhow Vierow]] Wuxuu ka kooban yahay *Brünzow, *Klein Ernsthof, *Kräpelin, *Stilow, *Stilow-Siedlung, *Vierow. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brunzow}} tm9lakscnjzkpnyxj9803t4kk38ykgh 0 50138 304095 2026-08-05T14:19:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bubesheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|26|N|10|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bubesheim in GZ.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Günzburg |elevation = 466 |area = 7.76 |postal_code = 89347 |area_code = 08221 |licence = GZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 74 118 |mayor = Gerhard Sobczyk<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |website = }} '''Bubesheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbuːbəshaɪm}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Günzburg (district)|Günzburg]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 644fc02lc7rtqg611voht1s7zo4asxe 0 50139 304096 2026-08-05T14:21:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Bubsheim.png |coordinates = {{coord|48|07|10|N|08|49|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bubsheim in TUT.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Tuttlingen |elevation = 909 |area = 8.29 |postal_code = 78585 |area_code = 07429 |licence = TUT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 27 007 |website = [http://www.bubsheim.de www.bubsheim.de] |mayor = Thomas Leibinger<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Bubsheim''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Tuttlingen (district)|Tuttlingen]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Duqa magaalada== Bishii Janaayo 2012 Thomas Leibinger waxaa loo doortay duqa cusub.<ref>[http://www.schwaebische.de/region/sigmaringen-tuttlingen/spaichingen/rund-um-spaichingen_artikel,-Thomas-Leibinger-ist-Bubsheimer-Schultes-_arid,5188041.html ''Thomas Leibinger ist Bubheimer Schultes'']</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} iwr5dxzuyav4tv5552fs3lz9itfu503 0 50140 304097 2026-08-05T14:22:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Buchbach |image_coa = DEU Buchbach COA.svg |image_photo = Buchbach-Rathaus-Kirche.jpg |image_caption = Xarunta degmada iyo Kaniisadda Saint James |coordinates = {{coord|48|19|N|12|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Buchbach in MÜ.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Mühldorf am Inn |elevation = 449 |area = 28.85 |postal_code = 84428 |area_code = 08086 |licence = MÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 83 114 |website = {{url|https://www.buchbach.de/}} |mayor = Thomas Einwang jun.<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Buchbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbuːxbax}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Mühldorf (district)|Mühldorf]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == Degmadu waxay ku taal gobolka koonfur-bari ee Upper Bavaria ee ku yaal [[Alpine foothills|lugaha hore ee Alpaha]]. Buchbach waxay xuduud la leedahay degmooyinka [[Erding]] iyo [[Landshut]]. Caasimadda gobolka Munich waxay u jirtaa qiyaastii 63 km. == Taariikhda == Buchbach waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti 788. Laga soo bilaabo 928 ilaa 1803, oo ay ku jirto kala go' gaaban oo u dhexeeya 1266 iyo 1275, Buchbach waxay ka tirsanayd [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg|Afti-Arbakishofka Salzburg]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1266 waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay sidii ''Markt'' (suuq). Laga bilaabo 1803 waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Electorate of Bavaria|Electorate]] iyo markii dambe [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]]. Intii lagu guda jiray dib-u-habeynta maamulka ee [[Bavaria]], degmada waxaa la abuuray 1818. == Isboortiga == Laga soo bilaabo 2026, Buchbach waxay hoy u tahay Peterka Arena, oo ah xarun waxqabad [[ice hockey|hokeey baraf ah]] oo ka kooban gar yar oo xirfadaha ah oo ah 21 × 12 mitir, oo ay maamusho ciyaartoyda Jarmalka [[JJ Peterka]] iyo aabihiis Dennis.<ref>{{cite web |url =https://www.nhl.com/news/utah-mammoth-jj-peterka-fulfilling-dream-of-developing-germany-hockey-rink |title =Peterka of Mammoth fulfilling 'dream' of developing hockey rink in Germany |last1 =Benjamin |first1 =Amalie |date =February 12, 2026 |website =nhl.com |access-date =July 1, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url =https://www.rfo.de/mediathek/video/jj-peterka-eishockeyarena-in-buchbach-eroeffnet/ |title =JJ Peterka Eishockeyarena in Buchbach eröffnet |medium =TV news report |date=15 June 2026 |publisher =Regional Fernsehen Oberbayern |location =Freilassing |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.bild.de/sport/mehr-sport/peterka-arena-eroeffnet-jj-peterka-schafft-einzigartige-trainingshalle-6a2e717d7e682fc37fbf9412 |title =JJ Peterka hat jetzt seine eigene Eishalle |last1 =Kayser |first1 =Sebastian |date =14 June 2026 |website =Bild |access-date =July 1, 2025}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ki8m1r8vhxx4kusr3ojj6fh0gld8rdl 0 50141 304098 2026-08-05T14:24:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Buchdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|47|N|10|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Buchdorf in DON.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Donau-Ries |elevation = 552 |area = 16.66 |postal_code = 86675 |area_code = 09099 |licence = DON |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 79 126 |mayor = Walter Grob<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [http://www.gemeinde-buchdorf.de www.gemeinde-buchdorf.de] }} '''Buchdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbuːxdɔʁf}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Donau-Ries]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Buchdahl]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fhy6p2septvweg49r3rg7agdsqmq9r2 0 50142 304099 2026-08-05T14:26:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Marienkirche zu Büchen.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda qadiimiga ah ee Büchen |image_coa =DEU Büchen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|29|N|10|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Büchen in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Büchen |elevation = 20 |area = 16.85 |postal_code = 21514 |area_code = 04155 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 020 |website = [https://www.buechen.de/ www.buechen.de] |mayor = Uwe Möller |party = SPD }} '''Büchen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbyːçn̩|-|De-Büchen.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waa xarunta ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") ee [[Büchen (Amt)|Büchen]]. Büchen waxay ku taal hareeraha kanaalka [[Elbe-Lübeck Canal]], qiyaastii 13 km waqooyi-bari ee [[Lauenburg/Elbe]], iyo 45 km bariga [[Hamburg]]. Saldhigga tareenka ee [[Büchen station]] wuxuu ku yaal khadadka [[Berlin-Hamburg Railway|Berlin-Hamburg]] iyo [[Lübeck–Lüneburg railway|Lübeck–Lüneburg]]. == Taariikhda == Int u dhaxaysay 1945 iyo 1990 Büchen waxay u adeegtay sidii isgoyska xadka gudaha Jarmalka [[inner German border]] ee reer Galbeedka ee loogu talagalay [[rail transport|gaadiidka tareenada]]. Isgoysku wuxuu u furan ahaa [[train|tareenada]] u safraaya inta u dhaxeysa [[Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany|Aagga Shaqada Soofiyeedka ee Jarmalka]] (ilaa 1949, kadibna [[German Democratic Republic|Jarmalka Bariga]]), ama [[West Berlin|Berlin Galbeed]], iyo aagga shaqada Ingiriiska, oo markii dambe noqotay [[West Germany|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Jarmalka]]. Gaadiidku wuxuu hoos imanayay xeerarka [[Interzonal traffic|gaadiidka interzonal-ka]] ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka Galbeed iyo Berlin Galbeed kuwaas oo raacayay sharciyada gaarka ah ee [[Transit Agreement (1972)|Heshiiska Transit-ka (1972)]]. == Gaadiidka == Büchen waxay ku taal khadka tareenka ee [[Berlin-Hamburg railway]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buchen}} 6ucqus4m7eczchs08ura7kknz1ypvfu 0 50143 304100 2026-08-05T14:28:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Büchlberg COA.svg |image_skyline = Buechlberg.jpg |image_caption = Büchlberg |coordinates = {{coord|48|40|N|13|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Büchlberg in PA.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Passau |elevation = 490 |area = 28.13 |postal_code = 94124 |area_code = 08505 |licence = PA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 75 119 |website = [https://www.buechlberg.de/ www.buechlberg.de] |mayor = Josef Hasenöhrl<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FWG }} [[File:Aerial image of Buechlberg.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Sawir dhanka hawada ah ee Büchlberg]] '''Büchlberg''' ([[Central Bavarian]]: ''Bichlbeag'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Passau (district)|Passau]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buchlberg}} olvqrpohxf3lhsa31ws52xddvcaq9jb 0 50144 304101 2026-08-05T14:29:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|13|59|N|12|19|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Buckautal in PM.png |state = |district = Potsdam-Mittelmark |Amt = Ziesar |elevation = 70 |area = 39.07 |postal_code = 14793 |area_code = 033830 |licence = PM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 69 089 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Mike Pokorny<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12069000 Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} [[File:Dorfkirche Buckautal.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda]] '''Buckautal''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Potsdam-Mittelmark]], ee gobolka [[Brandenburg]], ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Duruusirta dadweynaha == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Buckautal.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 ee gudaha xuduudaha hadda (Xariiqda Buluuga: Dadweynaha; Xariiqda Dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarinta dadweynaha gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Cawl: Xilligii xukunka Naasiga; Asalka Cas: Xilligii xukunka Shuucidda)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Buckautal: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>ee gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2013)<ref>Ilo-wareedyada xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Qiyaasta Dadweynaha Brandenburg ee Wikimedia Commons]</ref>{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} | 1875 | 738 | 1890 | 748 | 1910 | 758 | 1925 | 770 | 1933 | 730 | 1939 | 758 | 1946 | 994 | 1950 | 1148 | 1964 | 816 | 1971 | 714 | 1981 | 578 | 1985 | 553 | 1989 | 556 | 1990 | 555 | 1991 | 538 | 1992 | 540 | 1993 | 564 | 1994 | 608 | 1995 | 607 | 1996 | 617 | 1997 | 647 | 1998 | 634 | 1999 | 622 | 2000 | 624 | 2001 | 608 | 2002 | 580 | 2003 | 560 | 2004 | 546 | 2005 | 529 | 2006 | 512 | 2007 | 516 | 2008 | 514 | 2009 | 519 | 2010 | 515 | 2011 | 524 | 2012 | 527 | 2013 | 518 | 2014 | 508 | 2015 | 492 | 2016 | 496 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 383p8igy0rruqmddrmhubfvlv66m43w 0 50145 304102 2026-08-05T14:31:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Büchenbach |image_coa = DEU Büchenbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|16|N|11|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Büchenbach in RH.svg |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Roth |elevation = 366 |area = 30.76 |postal_code = 91186 |area_code = 09171 |licence = RH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 76 117 |divisions = 13 districts |website = [http://www.buechenbach.de/ www.buechenbach.de] |mayor = Helmut Bauz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Büchenbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbyːçn̩bax}}) waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[district|degmada]] [[Roth (district)|Roth]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Intii lagu guda jiray [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Sodonka Sano]] dadweynuhu waxay hoos u dhaceen si aad u xoog badan. Markii dambe qaxooti Protestant ah ayaa ka yimid Austria. Sannadkii 1886 saldhigga tareenka ayaa la furay. Sannadkii 1913 koronto ayaa la rakibay. Sannadkii 1939 Büchenbach waxay lahayd 705 deganayaal. Ka dib 1945 qaxooti ayaa u yimid Büchenbach, sidaas darteed sannadkii 1962 waxaa jiray 2200 deganayaal.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.buechenbach.de/index.php?id=53 | title=Ortschronik: Gemeinde Büchenbach }}</ref> ==Tixraac== <references/> [[File:St. Willibald in Büchenbach-2.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Kaniisadda St. Willibald ee Büchenbach]] {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buchenbach}} oavcq5q42oy132esfjbozfscz8u7u4a 0 50146 304103 2026-08-05T14:32:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Buchenberg (Schwaben) COA.svg |image_photo = Buchenberg, OA v SW 01.JPG |image_caption = Buchenberg oo laga arko dhanka koonfur-galbeed |coordinates = {{coord|47|42|N|10|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Buchenberg in OA.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Oberallgäu |elevation = 895 |area = 58.17 |postal_code = 87474 |area_code = 08378, 17569, 18370 |licence = OA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 80 117 |mayor = Toni Barth<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 19 October 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = CSU |website = [https://www.buchenberg.de/ www.buchenberg.de] }} '''Buchenberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbuːxn̩bɛʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Oberallgäu]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8p6djo57e1qne2sro97qz0anipya65n 0 50147 304104 2026-08-05T14:34:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|55|16|N|11|19|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Buchfart in AP.png |state = |district = Weimarer Land |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mellingen |elevation = 258 |area = 7.20 |postal_code = 99438 |area_code = 03643 |licence = AP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 71 009 |mayor = Alexander Romanus<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 }} '''Buchfart''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Weimarer Land]] ee gobolka [[Thuringia|Thuringia]], Jarmalka. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} sa92mb2a60zvvoyjtr96q831i7eqa29 0 50148 304105 2026-08-05T14:35:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Budenbach COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|2|13.11|N|7|34|2.80|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Budenbach in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Simmern-Rheinböllen | elevation = 381 | area = 3.51 | postal_code = 55469 | area_code = 06766 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 023 | website = {{URL|http://www.budenbach.org/}} | mayor = Manfred Manderscheid<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} [[File:Budenbach01.jpg|thumb|Bartamaha tuulada]] [[File:Budenbach02.jpg|thumb|Budenbach oo laga arko dhanka koonfurta]] '''Budenbach''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Simmern]]. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal bartamaha [[Hunsrück]] ee dooxada sare ee Simmerbach. Tuulada dhexdeeda waxaa dhex mara webiga Klingelbach. == Taariikhda == Afar [[Ancient Rome|Roomaan]] [[Tumulus|taallooyin qadiimi ah]] oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 2aad ee C.D. ayaa caddeynaya in Roomaanku ay halkaas degeen waqtigaas. [[grave goods|Agabka qabriga]] ee laga soo saaray taallooyinkan, sida dhalooyinka galaaska ah, dheryaha, suxuunta iyo koobabka, hadda waxaa lagu hayaa ''Hunsrückmuseum'' ee Simmern.<ref>[http://www.budenbach.org/ Taariikhda Roomaanka ee Budenbach]</ref> 1293, Budenbach waxay yeelatay xuskeedii ugu horreeyay ee dukumenti ah. Tuulada waxaa horraan u haystay [[House of Palatinate-Simmern|Duchy of Palatinate-Simmern]] ka dibna, laga bilaabo 1673, waxaa haystay [[Electoral Palatinate]]. Laga bilaabo 1794, Budenbach waxay hoos timid xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. 1815 waxaa loo qoondeeyey Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Konagresihii Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd gobolka cusub ee la aas-aasay ee [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanta]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1400702300.html Natiijooyinka doorashada degmada ee Budenbach]</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == === Dhismayaasha === Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal ama goobo liiska ku jira oo ku jira Buug-gacmeedka Taallooyinka Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]: * On ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 41 – xabaalaha; iskutallaabta xabaalaha ee [[sandstone|dhagaxa bacaadka ah]]; taallo xusuusta halyeeyada, tiir wata naqshad gargaar ah<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Buug-gacmeedka Taallooyinka Dhaqanka ee degmada Rhein-Hunsrück]</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda === * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3259156/1n23egj/index.html Sawir kooban oo Budenbach ah oo wata muuqaal] oo ka tirsan [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} 02620lstbrmrfkm1qrplat2xjb1j2t2 304134 304105 2026-08-06T01:49:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Budenbach COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|2|13.11|N|7|34|2.80|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Budenbach in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Simmern-Rheinböllen | elevation = 381 | area = 3.51 | postal_code = 55469 | area_code = 06766 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 023 | website = {{URL|http://www.budenbach.org/}} | mayor = Manfred Manderscheid<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} [[File:Budenbach01.jpg|thumb|Bartamaha tuulada]] [[File:Budenbach02.jpg|thumb|Budenbach oo laga arko dhanka koonfurta]] '''Budenbach''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Simmern]]. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal bartamaha [[Hunsrück]] ee dooxada sare ee Simmerbach. Tuulada dhexdeeda waxaa dhex mara webiga Klingelbach. == Taariikhda == Afar [[Ancient Rome|Roomaan]] [[Tumulus|taallooyin qadiimi ah]] oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 2aad ee C.D. ayaa caddeynaya in Roomaanku ay halkaas degeen waqtigaas. [[grave goods|Agabka qabriga]] ee laga soo saaray taallooyinkan, sida dhalooyinka galaaska ah, dheryaha, suxuunta iyo koobabka, hadda waxaa lagu hayaa ''Hunsrückmuseum'' ee Simmern.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taariikhda Roomaanka ee Budenbach |url=http://www.budenbach.org/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |archive-date=2008-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817042723/http://www.budenbach.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 1293, Budenbach waxay yeelatay xuskeedii ugu horreeyay ee dukumenti ah. Tuulada waxaa horraan u haystay [[House of Palatinate-Simmern|Duchy of Palatinate-Simmern]] ka dibna, laga bilaabo 1673, waxaa haystay [[Electoral Palatinate]]. Laga bilaabo 1794, Budenbach waxay hoos timid xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. 1815 waxaa loo qoondeeyey Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Konagresihii Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd gobolka cusub ee la aas-aasay ee [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanta]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1400702300.html Natiijooyinka doorashada degmada ee Budenbach]</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == === Dhismayaasha === Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal ama goobo liiska ku jira oo ku jira Buug-gacmeedka Taallooyinka Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]: * On ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 41 – xabaalaha; iskutallaabta xabaalaha ee [[sandstone|dhagaxa bacaadka ah]]; taallo xusuusta halyeeyada, tiir wata naqshad gargaar ah<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Buug-gacmeedka Taallooyinka Dhaqanka ee degmada Rhein-Hunsrück]</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda === * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3259156/1n23egj/index.html Sawir kooban oo Budenbach ah oo wata muuqaal] oo ka tirsan [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} b31dusyw60s0m8w6dps2iohpiany7ye 0 50149 304106 2026-08-05T14:37:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name =Buhlenberg |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = Wappen-Gemeinde-Buhlenberg.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|39|17|N|7|7|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Buhlenberg in BIR.svg |state = |district = Birkenfeld |Verbandsgemeinde = Birkenfeld |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Verbandsgemeinde Birkenfeld |elevation = 480 |area = 8.44 |postal_code = 55767 |area_code = 06782 |licence = BIR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 34 016 |mayor = Gunter Kronenberger<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1340000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Birkenfeld], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Buhlenberg''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Birkenfeld (district)|degmada]] [[Districts of Germany|Birkenfeld]] ee gobolka Rhineland-Palatinate, Jarmalka. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Birkenfeld (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Birkenfeld]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Birkenfeld|magaalada magaceeda la midka ah]]. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal saddex kilomitir waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta xarunta degmada ee Birkenfeld oo ku dhex taal keynta ''Schwarzwälder Hochwald'' ee ku taal [[Hunsrück]], oo ku taal cidhifka ''Naturpark Saar-Hunsrück'' oo u dhow [[Erbeskopf]], oo ah buurta ugu dheer Rhineland-Palatinate. === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Waxaa sidoo kale Buhlenberg leh guryaha baadiyaha ah ee ka baxsan ee Berghof, Etzweilerhof, Grenzhof iyo Waldhof.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile], Seite 19 (PDF)</ref> == Taariikhda == Buhlenberg waxay mar ka tirsanaan jirtay "Hinder" [[County of Sponheim|Degmada Sponheim]]. Laga bilaabo 29 Luulyo ilaa 8 Agoosto 2009, ''[[Bund der Pfadfinderinnen und Pfadfinder]]'' waxay ku qabatay Jambore-geeda Scouts-ka Qaranka ee Buhlenberg.<ref>[http://seitenweit.pfadfinden.de/ Bundeslager 2009 in Buhlenberg]</ref> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanta]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1340201600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa degmada Buhlenberg waa Gunter Kronenberger.<ref name=mayor/> === Astaanta gobolka === Qoraalka Jarmalka wuxuu akhrinayaa: {{lang|de|In schräglinks geteiltem Schild vorne rot-silbern geschacht, hinten in Silber über blauem Dreiberg ein blauer Wolfskopf.}} [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|hiraaldikada]] Ingiriiska waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa sidan: Per bend sinister chequy of gules and argent and argent issuant from base a mound of three, above which a wolf's head caboshed, both azure. Naqshadda “chequy” ee dhinaca midig (midigta qofka sita hubka, bidixda daawadayaasha) waa tixraac ku aaddan xiriirkii hore ee tuulada ee ku aaddanaa “Hinder” [[County of Sponheim|Degmada Sponheim]], ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]]'' ee Birkenfeld. [[charge (heraldry)|Astaanta]] salka ku taal dhinaca bidix (bidixda qofka sita hubka, midigta daawadayaasha), oo lagu yaqaanno [[German heraldry|hiraaldikada Jarmalka]] sida ''Dreiberg'', waa qayb ka mid ah [[Canting arms|astaanta magaca]] tuulada, ugu yaraan syllables-ka ugu dambeeya, waayo ''Berg'' macnaheedu waa "buur" Jarmalka, waxayna sidoo kala tixraacaysaa joogga sare ee tuulada iyo silsiladda buuraleyda Gebück. Madaxa yeygu wuxuu tilmaamayaa ''Wolfskaul'', oo ah aag ku dhex jira xuduudaha degmada oo ay mar ka jirtay god lagu qabto yeyda. Astaantan waxaa la siteysnayd tan iyo 26 Agoosto 1963.<ref>[http://www.vgv-birkenfeld.de/gemeinden/buhlenberg/buhlenberg_start.htm Description and explanation of Buhlenberg’s arms]</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == === Dhismayaasha === Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal ama goobo liiska ku jira oo ku jira Buug-gacmeedka Taallooyinka Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Birkenfeld.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Birkenfeld district]</ref> * Brückener Straße 2 – ''Quereinhaus'' qurux badan (guri isku jira oo deegaan iyo ganacsi ah oo loo qaybiyay labadan ujeeddo dhexda, oo u jeedda waddada) oo saqaf bar-hoos ah leh, 1911 * Hauptstraße 10 – ''Quereinhaus'', qayb ahaan [[Timber framing|alwaax ah]] (la suunay), saqaf bar-hoos ah leh, asal ahaan qiyaastii 1900; waddo quruurux ah; jardiinooyin xayndaab leh * Hochwaldstraße 32 – dugsigii hore; dhisme leh [[mansard roof|saqaf mansard ah]] iyo munaarad caadi ku ah xilligiisa, 1913 == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Gaadiidka === Dhanka bari waxaa mara [[Bundesstraße]] 269, dhanka koonfureedna waxaa mara [[Autobahn|Autobaanka]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). Degmada u dhow ee [[Hoppstädten-Weiersbach|Neubrücke]] waxaa ku yaal saldhig tareen oo ku yaal [[Nahe Valley Railway|Khadka Dooxada Nahe]]. ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda === * [http://www.buhlenberg.org/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.vgv-birkenfeld.de/gemeinden/buhlenberg/buhlenberg_start.htm Buhlenberg oo ku jira bogagga degmada wadajirka ah] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2350250/da7i10/ Sawir kooban oo Buhlenberg ah] oo ka tirsan [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} c0u0ir1o0s79ro4r08dyd3izx8vp1ra 0 50150 304107 2026-08-05T14:39:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Bühlertal COA.svg |image_photo = Blick vom Sickenwalder Horn auf Bühlertal.jpg |image_caption = Bühlertal |coordinates = {{coord|48|40|59|N|08|11|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bühlertal in RA.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Rastatt |elevation = 196 |area = 17.68 |postal_code = 77830 |area_code = 07223 |licence = RA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 16 008 |website = [https://www.buehlertal.de/ www.buehlertal.de] |mayor = Hans-Peter Braun<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2016&ndash;24 }} '''Bühlertal''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rastatt (district)|Rastatt]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta juqraafiyeed === Bühlertal waxay ku dhowdahay dhammaan Dooxada Bühlot iyo dooxooyinkeeda dhinaca ah ee ku yaal cidhifka galbeed ee [[Northern Black Forest|Kaynta Madow ee Waqooyi]] ee ku taal halka uu ka bilowdo buuraleyda ilaa Dooxada Sare ee Rhine laga bilaabo joog ah 190 mitir ilaa 1000 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda. === Degmada === Degmada Bühlertal waxaa ka tirsan Obertal (Dooxada Sare), deegaannada Altenberg, Denni (oo hadda ku biiray Obertal), Boosweg (oo ku biiray Obertal), Laengenberg, tuulooyinka yaryar ee Buchkopf, Buechelbach (oo ku biiray Butschenberg), Laube (oo dhexda u ah Untertal iyo Obertal), Liehenbach (oo ku biiray Untertal), Schafhof, Schoenbuech (oo ku biiray Obertal iyo Buchkopf), Schwarzwasen, Sessgass, Steckenhalt, Untertal, Wintereck iyo Wolfsbrunnen, tuulooyinka yaryar ee Eichwald, Freihoefen, Haaberg, Hatzenwoerth, Hirschbach, Hof, Hungerberg, Klotzberg, Lachmatt, Matthaeuser, Schmelz iyo Sickenwald, beeraleyda Butschenberg iyo Gertelbach, Grasiweg, Holzmatt, Immenstein, Kohlbergwiese, Mittelberg, Oberer Plaettig (Plaettig-ta Sare), Wiedenfelsen iyo Wolfshuegel. Tuulada yar ee Mistgraben waxay shaqayn wayday tan iyo 1492, laakiin waxaa lagu xusay laba diiwaan baabtiis oo ku dhow 1600 meel ahaan. == Taariikhda == Diiwaannadii ugu da'da weynaa ee ku saabsan Buehlertal waxay ka yimaaddeen [[1301]]. Waxay ka tirsanayd [[County of Eberstein|Degmada Eberstein]]. [[Margraviate of Baden|Margraviate-ka Baden]] waxay lahayd beeraha Buehlertal tan iyo 1536. 1688, la wareegidda mulkiyadda Bühlertal waxaa loo wareejiyay inta u dhaxeysa Earl of Eberstein iyo Margrave of Baden. Waxay ka tirsanayd degmada Bühl, taas oo noqotay [[Landkreis Bühl]]. Markii degmada (Landkreis) ee Bühl la burburiyay 1973, Bühlertal waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah degmada Rastatt ([[Landkreis Rastatt]]). == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.buehlertal.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Buehlertal] * [https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/5652/B%C3%BChlertal Buehlertal oo ku taal leo-bw.de] * [http://www.geiserschmiede.de/ Matxafka Geiserschmiede] * [https://ofb.genealogy.net/buehlertal/index.php?lang=en Buugga Qoyska ee Buehlertal] <br /><gallery class=center caption="Bühlertal"> Buehlertal-vom Wiedenfelsen-16-Obertal-Friedhof-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Liebfrauenkirche-04-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Liebfrauenkirche-58-zur Empore-Orgel-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Liebfrauenkirche-Kreuzweg-14-Der heilige Leichnam Jesu wird ins Grab gelegt-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Kriegerdenkmal-12-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-vom Kriegerdenkmal-28-Untertal-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Dr-Josef-Schofer-Schule-12-Kindergarten-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Rathaus-06-2021-gje.jpg </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Commons category}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buhlertal}} 0v1eoifdc78yjocworhvrfr9udw84lk 304136 304107 2026-08-06T01:53:04Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 304136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Bühlertal COA.svg |image_photo = Blick vom Sickenwalder Horn auf Bühlertal.jpg |image_caption = Bühlertal |coordinates = {{coord|48|40|59|N|08|11|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bühlertal in RA.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Rastatt |elevation = 196 |area = 17.68 |postal_code = 77830 |area_code = 07223 |licence = RA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 16 008 |website = [https://www.buehlertal.de/ www.buehlertal.de] |mayor = Hans-Peter Braun<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2016&ndash;24 }} '''Bühlertal''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rastatt (district)|Rastatt]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == === Goobta juqraafiyeed === Bühlertal waxay ku dhowdahay dhammaan Dooxada Bühlot iyo dooxooyinkeeda dhinaca ah ee ku yaal cidhifka galbeed ee [[Northern Black Forest|Kaynta Madow ee Waqooyi]] ee ku taal halka uu ka bilowdo buuraleyda ilaa Dooxada Sare ee Rhine laga bilaabo joog ah 190 mitir ilaa 1000 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda. === Degmada === Degmada Bühlertal waxaa ka tirsan Obertal (Dooxada Sare), deegaannada Altenberg, Denni (oo hadda ku biiray Obertal), Boosweg (oo ku biiray Obertal), Laengenberg, tuulooyinka yaryar ee Buchkopf, Buechelbach (oo ku biiray Butschenberg), Laube (oo dhexda u ah Untertal iyo Obertal), Liehenbach (oo ku biiray Untertal), Schafhof, Schoenbuech (oo ku biiray Obertal iyo Buchkopf), Schwarzwasen, Sessgass, Steckenhalt, Untertal, Wintereck iyo Wolfsbrunnen, tuulooyinka yaryar ee Eichwald, Freihoefen, Haaberg, Hatzenwoerth, Hirschbach, Hof, Hungerberg, Klotzberg, Lachmatt, Matthaeuser, Schmelz iyo Sickenwald, beeraleyda Butschenberg iyo Gertelbach, Grasiweg, Holzmatt, Immenstein, Kohlbergwiese, Mittelberg, Oberer Plaettig (Plaettig-ta Sare), Wiedenfelsen iyo Wolfshuegel. Tuulada yar ee Mistgraben waxay shaqayn wayday tan iyo 1492, laakiin waxaa lagu xusay laba diiwaan baabtiis oo ku dhow 1600 meel ahaan. == Taariikhda == Diiwaannadii ugu da'da weynaa ee ku saabsan Buehlertal waxay ka yimaaddeen [[1301]]. Waxay ka tirsanayd [[County of Eberstein|Degmada Eberstein]]. [[Margraviate of Baden|Margraviate-ka Baden]] waxay lahayd beeraha Buehlertal tan iyo 1536. 1688, la wareegidda mulkiyadda Bühlertal waxaa loo wareejiyay inta u dhaxeysa Earl of Eberstein iyo Margrave of Baden. Waxay ka tirsanayd degmada Bühl, taas oo noqotay [[Landkreis Bühl]]. Markii degmada (Landkreis) ee Bühl la burburiyay 1973, Bühlertal waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah degmada Rastatt ([[Landkreis Rastatt]]). == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.buehlertal.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Buehlertal] * [https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/5652/B%C3%BChlertal Buehlertal oo ku taal leo-bw.de] * [http://www.geiserschmiede.de/ Matxafka Geiserschmiede] {{Wayback|url=http://www.geiserschmiede.de/ |date=20250212170155 }} * [https://ofb.genealogy.net/buehlertal/index.php?lang=en Buugga Qoyska ee Buehlertal] <br /><gallery class=center caption="Bühlertal"> Buehlertal-vom Wiedenfelsen-16-Obertal-Friedhof-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Liebfrauenkirche-04-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Liebfrauenkirche-58-zur Empore-Orgel-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Liebfrauenkirche-Kreuzweg-14-Der heilige Leichnam Jesu wird ins Grab gelegt-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Kriegerdenkmal-12-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-vom Kriegerdenkmal-28-Untertal-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Dr-Josef-Schofer-Schule-12-Kindergarten-2021-gje.jpg Buehlertal-Obertal-Rathaus-06-2021-gje.jpg </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Commons category}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buhlertal}} 9uhi9mentrt4krdecv62bckiy417yru 0 50151 304108 2026-08-05T14:40:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Buehlertann.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|02|28|N|09|54|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bühlertann in SHA.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Schwäbisch Hall |elevation = 376 |area = 23.59 |postal_code = 74424 |area_code = 07973, 07974 |licence = SHA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 27 012 |website = [http://www.buehlertann.de www.buehlertann.de] |mayor = Florian Fallenbüchel<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;27 }} '''Bühlertann''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Schwäbisch Hall (district)|Schwäbisch Hall]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buhlertann}} m9km7ai8k7pap06xd1n1s90iioy2f25 0 50152 304109 2026-08-05T14:42:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Bühlerzell COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|00|11|N|09|55|08|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bühlerzell in SHA.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Schwäbisch Hall |elevation = 393 |area = 49.32 |postal_code = 74426 |area_code = 07974 |licence = SHA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 27 013 |website = [https://www.buehlerzell.de/ www.buehlerzell.de] |mayor = Thomas Botschek<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;25 }} '''Bühlerzell''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Schwäbisch Hall (district)|Schwäbisch Hall]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buhlerzell}} 7q8y8i0tduc55ayuhscf0zu0tkfcba9 0 50153 304110 2026-08-05T14:44:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Bülkau COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|45|N|08|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bülkau in CUX.svg |state = |district = Cuxhaven |Samtgemeinde = Land Hadeln |elevation = 1 |area = 23.22 |postal_code = 21782 |area_code = 04754, 04777 |licence = CUX |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 52 008 |mayor = M. Schmitz |party = CDU }} '''Bülkau''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Cuxhaven (district)|degmada Cuxhaven]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], Jarmalka. == Taariikhda == [[File:Buelkau -St. Johannes der Täufer- 2001 by-RaBoe.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda Lutheran-ka ''St. John the Baptist Church'' ee Bülkau.]] Bülkau waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen|amiir-hogaamiyaha Archbishopric ee Bremen]], oo ah dhul [[imperial immediacy|boqortooyo madax-bannaan]] ah oo la aas-aasay 1180. Qarnigii 16aad dhexdiisii Bülkau waxay qaadatay [[Lutheranism|Lutheranism-ka]]. Intii lagu guda jiray qabsashadii [[Catholic League (German)|Catholic Leaguist]] ee hoos timaada [[Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly|Johan 't Serclaes, Count of Tilly]] (1628–1630), Bülkau waxay la ildaranayd isku dayo dib loogu soo celinayo Katooliga. 1648 amiir-hogaamiyaha archdiocese waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen|Duchy ee Bremen]], kaas oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xukumay [[personal union|midow shakhsi ah]] oo ay la lahayd Boqortooyada Iswiidhan – taas oo ay kala dhex-gashay qabsashadii Denmark (1712–1715) – iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa xukumaysay [[House of Hanover|Qoyska Hanover]]. 1807 ku meelgaarka ahaa [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Boqortooyada Westphalia]] ayaa ku dartay duchy-ga, ka hor inta uusan [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] ku darin 1810. 1813 Duchy ee Bremen waxaa dib loogu soo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover|Xulashada Hanover]], taas oo – ka dib kor u qaadistii [[Kingdom of Hanover|Boqortooyada Hanover]] ee 1814 – ku dartay duchy-ga [[real union|midow dhab ah]] oo dhulkii ducal, oo ay ku jirto Bülkau, wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]], oo la aas-aasay 1823. [[File:Buelkau -Dorfstrasse Richtung Norderende- 2005 by-RaBoe001.jpg|thumb|left|Waddo ku taal Bülkau.]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bulkau}} ctfchqsa2sidb6v8trfceun74kmvnwv 0 50154 304111 2026-08-05T14:45:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flagge Buelstedt.svg |image_coa = Wappen buelstedt.gif |coordinates = {{coord|53|12|33|N|09|09|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bülstedt in ROW.svg |state = |district = Rotenburg (Wümme) |Samtgemeinde = Tarmstedt |elevation = 25 |area = 25.53 |postal_code = 27412 |area_code = 04283, 04288 |licence = ROW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 57 010 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.tarmstedt.de/ www.tarmstedt.de] |mayor = Friedhelm Immig |party = }} '''Bülstedt''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rotenburg (district)|degmada Rotenburg]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Bülstedt waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric ee Bremen]], oo la aas-aasay 1180. 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen|Duchy ee Bremen]], kaas oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xukumay [[personal union|midow shakhsi ah]] oo ay la lahayd Boqortooyada Iswiidhan - taas oo ay kala dhex-gashay qabsashadii Denmark (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa xukumaysay Boqortooyada [[House of Hanover|Hanover]]. 1807 ku meelgaarka ahaa [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Boqortooyada Westphalia]] ayaa ku dartay Duchy-ga, ka hor inta uusan [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] ku darin 1810. 1813 Duchy waxaa dib loogu soo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover|Xulashada Hanover]], taas oo - ka dib kor u qaadistii [[Kingdom of Hanover|Boqortooyada Hanover]] ee 1814 - ku dartay Duchy-ga [[real union|midow dhab ah]] oo dhulkii Ducal, oo ay ku jirto Bülstedt, wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]] ee cusub, ee la aas-aasay 1823. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bulstedt}} f7hp3zd1lu3rck59uc8jkecoyahjsdx 0 50155 304112 2026-08-05T14:47:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Bülstringen Kirche mit Pfarrhaus.jpg |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-83-115 Buelstringen COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|19|N|11|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bülstringen in BK.png |state = |district = Börde |Verbandsgemeinde = Flechtingen |elevation = 53 |area = 25.42 |postal_code = 39345 |area_code = 039058 |licence = BK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 83 115 |website = [http://www.buelstringen.de/ www.buelstringen.de] |mayor = Sven Fahrenfeld<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Bülstringen''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Börde (district)|Börde]] ee gobolka [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. 1 Janaayo 2010 waxay la midoobday degmadii hore ee [[Wieglitz]].<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bulstringen}} nsr3ahl3gtkas6jtdd3b2oj2xb780gv 0 50156 304113 2026-08-05T14:49:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Bundenthal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|5|44|N|7|48|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bundenthal in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Dahner Felsenland |elevation = 190 |area = 10.21 |postal_code = 76891 |area_code = 06394 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 502 |website = [http://www.bundenthal-pfalz.de/index.html] |mayor = Wolfgang Morio<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südwestpfalz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Bundenthal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʊndn̩taːl}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Südwestpfalz]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Ludwig Kneiss]] (1830–1900), fanaan iyo jilaa masraxa [[File:Bundenthal-Fachwerk-Hauptstrasse 72-76-16-gje.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|Waddada weyn ee Bundenthal]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jkq1wjd53o4mikmkja4n0l78t087m8u 0 50157 304114 2026-08-05T14:50:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Bundorf.svg |image_photo = Bundorf-Kirche-8287541.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Quduuska ah ee Saddexlayda iyo St. Lawrence |coordinates = {{coord|50|13|N|10|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bundorf in HAS.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Haßberge |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hofheim in Unterfranken |elevation = 326 |area = 40.24 |postal_code = 97494 |area_code = 09763 bzw. 09523 |licence = HAS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 74 120 |mayor = Hubert Endres<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|http://www.bundorf.de/}} }} '''Bundorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Haßberge (district)|Haßberge]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ojg5k130d6ijkcaqzq2kadk3go30uao 0 50158 304115 2026-08-05T14:52:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Bünsdorf.png |image_coa = DEU Bünsdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|22|N|9|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Buensdorf in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Hüttener Berge |elevation = 14 |area = 13.24 |postal_code = 24794 |area_code = 04356 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 035 |website = [http://www.amt-huettener-berge.de/ www.amt-huettener-<br />berge.de] |mayor = Jens Kühne |party = }} '''Bünsdorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bunsdorf}} hlpxjrcnifw9fatzacguyjj9xe8e5d2 0 50159 304116 2026-08-05T14:53:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Bunsoh.png |image_coa = DEU Bunsoh COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|10|N|09|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bunsoh in HEI.PNG |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = Mitteldithmarschen |elevation = 9 |area = 11.75 |postal_code = 25767 |area_code = 04835 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 015 |divisions = 2 |website = |mayor = Rainer Plähn (FWB) |party = }} '''Bunsoh''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʊnzoː}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Sidoo kale fiiri == *[[Albersdorf (Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde)]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 5hrpw4cl7z78c19ilkjnv2wnqxxd3pt 0 50160 304117 2026-08-05T14:55:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Buerdenbach1.jpg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|15|N|7|31|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bürdenbach in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen (Westerwald) |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 250 |area = 2.81 |postal_code = 56593 |area_code = 02687 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 015 |divisions = |website = {{url|https://www.vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de/gemeinde-politik/uebersicht-ortsgemeinden/buerdenbach/|vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de}} |mayor = Roswitha Puderbach<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeisterin |party = }} '''Bürdenbach''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Burdenbach}} fncd8akzco1bbthpgwjxvdac5b2z8p2 0 50161 304118 2026-08-05T14:57:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Burgbernheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|27|N|10|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Burgbernheim in NEA.svg |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Burgbernheim |elevation = 359 |area = 42.3 |postal_code = 91593 |area_code = 09843 |licence = NEA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 75 115 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.burgbernheim.de/ www.burgbernheim.de] |mayor = Matthias Schwarz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Burgbernheim''' ({{IPA|de|bʊʁkˈbɛʁnhaɪm|-|De-Burgbernheim.ogg}}; {{langx|vmf|label=[[East Franconian German|East Franconian]]|Bärna}}) waa [[Town#Germany|magaalo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa masaafo dhan {{Convert|9|km|0|abbr=on}} dhanka koonfurgalbeed ka xigta [[Bad Windsheim]], iyo {{Convert|13|km|0|abbr=on}} dhanka waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Rothenburg ob der Tauber]]. Waxay leedahay dad ku dhow 3,300 oo qof. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} lyw7wpt1mhivdk1yl1dvha217sbbo0n 0 50162 304119 2026-08-05T14:58:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Burgbrohl COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|27|32|N|7|16|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Burgbrohl in AW.svg |state = |image_photo = Bf-burgbrohl.jpg |image_caption = Saldhigga tareenka |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Brohltal |elevation = 152 |area = 10.62 |postal_code = 56659 |area_code = 02636 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 202 |website = [http://www.burgbrohl.de/ www.burgbrohl.de] |mayor = Simone Schneider<ref>[https://rlp-kw24.wahlen.23degrees.eu/wahlen/direktwahlen-gemeindeebene/1310420200 Direktwahlen 2024, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 February 2025.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Burgbrohl''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Burgbrohl Kaiserhalle.jpg|thumb|left|„Kaiserhalle“]] == Dadka == * [[Felix Genn]] (dhashay 1950), hoggaamiyaha kaniisadda Katolika ee Münster, ku dhashay Burgbrohl {{clear-left}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9xaxsnh2tkc3bvqx0k9wosd8e18okrd 4 50163 304142 2026-08-06T04:39:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:RedcrestedTuraco.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Shimbir]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay xayawaan ama noole awooda inay duulaan ayagoo adeegsanaya baallahooda? *... in qaar ka mid ah shimbiraha duulimaadkoodu uu dheeryahay, halka qaar kalena uu kooban yahay? *... in shimbiraha ay aad u badan yihiin isla markaana ay kala duwan yihiin cabbir ahaan iyo qaab ahaan? *... in qaar ka mid ah shimbiraha ay ku duulaan [[xawaare]] sare, halka qaar kalena ay ku duulaan [[xawaare]] yar? *... in shimbirtu leedahay gafuur dhuuban iyo indho yar yar? *... in qaar ka mid ah shimbiraha ay waaweyn yihiin, halka qaar kalena ay aad u yar yihiin? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> nxottep99zlefhj8yfiktspayij3ewv 4 50164 304143 2026-08-06T04:44:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304143 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Postduif.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Qooleey]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay nooc ka mid ah shimbiraha dadku dhaqdaan? *... in qooleeydu ay tahay [[shimbir]] caqli badan oo taqaan meesha uu ku yaal gurigeeda? *... in waagii hore qooleeyda loo isticmaali jiray isgaarsiinta, isla markaana ay qaadi jirtay waraaqaha la isku diro? *... in qooleeydu ay ka soo duuli karto meel u jirta 1300 km gurigeeda, iyadoo dib ugu soo noqon karta? *... in xawaaraha qooleeydu ku duuli karto uu u dhexeeyo 80 ilaa 120 km saacaddii? *... in dadka qaar ay cunaan qooleeyda, isla markaana qooleydu loo aqoonsado shimbirta nabadda? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> n36psknj4fbmbqpzch12gtklo0dx837 4 50165 304145 2026-08-06T04:47:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Male and female chicken sitting together.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Dooro]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[xayawaan]] dadku u dhaqdo hilibkiisa iyo [[Ukun]]tiisa? *... in dooradu ay tahay xayawaanka ugu badan adduunka marka la eego faafiddeeda? *... in sannadkii 2003 tirada doorada dunida lagu qiyaasay 24 bilyan? *... in la sheego in dadka Vietnameska ay ahaayeen dadkii ugu horreeyey ee dhaqda doorada? *... in ukunta dooradu ay dillaacdo kaddib marka ay huuriso 21 habeen? *... in Soomaaliya ay aad ugu habboon tahay dhaqashada doorada, isla markaana laga faa'iidaysan karo hilib ahaan iyo ukun ahaan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> c70ufkiscjuspbvel57ssrvr7m01myt 4 50166 304146 2026-08-06T04:49:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304146 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aquila rapax Simien Mountains, Ethiopia.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Dafo]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[shimbir]] weyn oo samada ku duusha? *... in dafadu ay cunto hilibka xayawaanka oo ay tahay shimbir ugaarsata? *... in dafadu ay si tartiib ah ugu soo dhawaato dhulka ka hor inta aysan si xoog leh u qabsan ugaadhsigeeda? *... in ugaadha dafada ay badanaa ka mid yihiin jiirka iyo xayawaanno yaryar? *... in dafada lagu yaqaan arag fiican oo ka caawiya inay meel fog ka aragto ugaadheeda? *... in dafadu ay ka mid tahay shimbiraha ugaarsiga ee ugu awoodda badan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> imoi00d2ckol7lyzjydymxjuwfeahxb 4 50167 304148 2026-08-06T04:53:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Struthio camelus - male - Rülzheim.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Goronyo Soomaali]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[shimbir]] u eg [[Goronyo|goronyada]]? *... in Goronyaha Soomaalidu uu ku nool yahay deegaano badan oo ka tirsan [[Geeska Afrika]], gaar ahaan dhulka ay Soomaalidu degto? *... in Goronyaha Soomaalidu lagu magacaabo ''Struthio molybdophanes'' marka la eego magaca [[Saynis]]ka? *... in waagii hore Goronyaha Soomaalida lagu tirin jiray goronyada kale? *... in sannadkii 2014 la ogaaday in Goronyaha Soomaalidu uu yahay nooc gaar ah oo ka madax bannaan goronyada kale? *... in Goronyaha Soomaalidu uu ka mid yahay shimbiraha ugu waaweyn ee ku nool Geeska Afrika? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 88x7vh5tzidaews6c7z1qnlm87nac8l 4 50168 304150 2026-08-06T05:00:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304150 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Orange tabby cat sitting on fallen leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Bisad]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Mukulaal''', '''Yaanyuur''' ama '''Basho''', ay tahay [[xayawaan]] yar oo [[gurijoog]] ah? *... in bisaddu ay cunto [[hilib]]ka, [[caano|caanaha]] iyo [[cunto]]oyinka kale ee [[dad]]ku karsadaan? *... in bisaddu ay ka tirsan tahay [[Bahda Bisada]], sida [[shabeel]]ka, [[libaax]]a iyo [[Haramcad|harimacadka]]? *... in bisaddu ay ka mid tahay [[naasley]]da nuujisa ilmaheeda? *... in bisaddu ay tahay xayawaan deggan oo lagu dhaqdo guryo badan oo dunida ku yaal? *... in bisaddu ay ku nooshahay ku dhowaad dhammaan dalalka adduunka? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> kgoo2kbqk0xjqc5nqcvx5opql4tfteu 4 50169 304152 2026-08-06T05:06:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304152 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:African leopard male (cropped).jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Shabeel]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[xayawaan]] ka tirsan [[Bahda Bisada]] oo cuna [[hilib]]ka kuna nool [[duurjoog|duurka]]? *... in shabeelku uu ku nool yahay [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]? *... in shabeelku uu ku noolaan karo deegaanno kala duwan sida meelaha [[roob]]ka badan, [[buur]]aha iyo [[keyn|keymaha]]? *... in shabeellada [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] ay ku kala duwan yihiin midabka iyo qaabka dhogortooda? *... in uu jiro nooc loo yaqaan '''Shabeelka Cad''' oo leh midab caddaan ah? *... in [[Bahda Bisadda]] ay ka mid yihiin [[bisad]]da, [[libaax]]a, [[harimacad]]ka iyo xayawaanno kale oo leh qaabdhismeedka bisadda? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> t31d5e39ysjj0skaxg76dq88xkooka8 304153 304152 2026-08-06T05:06:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:African leopard male (cropped).jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Shabeel]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[xayawaan]] ka tirsan [[Bahda Bisada]] oo cuna [[hilib]]ka kuna nool [[duurjoog|duurka]]? *... in shabeelku uu ku nool yahay [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]? *... in shabeelku uu ku noolaan karo deegaanno kala duwan sida meelaha [[roob]]ka badan, [[buur]]aha iyo [[keyn|keymaha]]? *... in shabeellada [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] ay ku kala duwan yihiin midabka iyo qaabka dhogortooda? *... in uu jiro nooc loo yaqaan '''Shabeelka Cad''' oo leh midab caddaan ah? *... in [[Bahda Bisada]] ay ka mid yihiin [[bisad]]da, [[libaax]]a, [[harimacad]]ka iyo xayawaanno kale oo leh qaabdhismeedka bisadda? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 9gcrdn01yki98du5bgxvcapok0szn03 4 50170 304154 2026-08-06T05:08:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Male cheetah facing left in South Africa.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Haramcad]]''' ama '''Harimacad''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[xayawaan]] ku nool duurka iyo baadiyaha? *... in haramcadku ku kala nool yahay qaaradaha [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]? *... in haramcadku uu u eg yahay [[shabeel]]ka isla markaana uu leeyahay dhibco ku yaal jirkiisa? *... in haramcadka loo aqoonsan yahay xayawaanka ugu orodka badan adduunka? *... in haramcadku uu xawaare dhan 103 [[Kilometer|km]] ku gaari karo ku dhowaad 3 [[ilbiriqsi|ilbiriqsi]] gudahood? *... in haramcadku uu ka tirsan yahay xayawaanka hilib-cunayaasha ee ugaarsada duurka? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> fipor9turhabyefeld9tiwxt09tztzj 4 50171 304155 2026-08-06T05:10:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:King Long KLQ 6118GQ bus in Damascus.JPG|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Bas]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay baabuur weyn oo loogu talagalay qaadista dad badan? *... in basasku ay kala duwan yihiin, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin kuwa safarrada dheer iyo kuwa ka shaqeeya gudaha magaalooyinka? *... in basku uu leeyahay laysan u gaar ah oo ka duwan kan baabuurta caadiga ah? *... in Soomaaliya ay markii hore ku badnaayeen basaska Kostaro? *... in maanta Soomaaliya ay ku badan yihiin basaska yaryar ee loo yaqaan caasiga? *... in basku uu ka mid yahay gaadiidka ugu muhiimsan ee loo isticmaalo gaadiidka dadweynaha? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> hpds7krsy273qx73w4irxz4ely44q8h 4 50172 304156 2026-08-06T05:12:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304156 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Giraffe standing.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Geri]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[xayawaan]]ka ugu dheer [[aduunka]] marka la eego kuwa [[dhul]]ka ku nool? *... in geriga ugu dheer uu gaari karo ilaa 5 [[mitir]], culayskiisuna gaari karo 1,100 [[Kiilogaraam|kg]]? *... in gerigu ku nool yahay [[Afrika]], gaar ahaan Bariga Afrika, isla markaana laga helo [[Soomaaliya]]? *... in gerigu caleemo ka goosan karo geedaha dhaadheer isagoo adeegsanaya carrab dhererkiisu gaarayo 45 [[Centimetre|cm]]? *... in gerigu uur qaado muddo u dhexeysa 14 ilaa 15 bilood, dhalashadana ilmahiisu uu istaagi karo saacado gudahood? *... in gerigu noolaan karo ilaa 25 sano, isla markaana lagu yaqaan qoortiisa dheer iyo jirkiisa dhibcaha leh? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 3krj6ucksu6370gbun6cg8gp6hz18bk 4 50173 304157 2026-08-06T05:16:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kangaroo and joey03.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Kangaroo]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay nooc ka mid ah [[xayawaan]]ka [[naasley]]da ah ee ku nool qaaradda [[Australia|Ustaraaliya]]? *... in magaca sayniska ee kangaroodu yahay '''Macropodidae''', oo macnihiisu yahay "cag weyn"? *... in kangaroodu uu ka mid yahay xayawaanka si gaar ah loogu yaqaan boodboodka dheer? *... in kangaroodu uu leeyahay lugo dambe oo waaweyn iyo dabo xoog leh oo ka caawisa dhaqdhaqaaqa? *... in kangaroodu uu ilmahiisa ku qaado boorso ku taalla calooshiisa? *... in kangaroodu uu ka mid yahay xayawaannada caanka ku ah qaaradda [[Australia|Ustaraaliya]]? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 5o1dhzsu4o80ptymlvqi5qq0bvq9ecl 4 50174 304159 2026-08-06T05:23:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304159 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Grapefruit-Whole-&-Split.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Liin Bambeelmo]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[midho]] ka tirsan qoyska [[liin]]ta? *... in liin bambeelmadu ay tahay mid ka weyn noocyada kale ee liinta, isla markaana ay leedahay [[biyo|biyo badan]] oo dhadhan dhanaan iyo macaan isku jira? *... in liin bambeelmadu ay ka dhalatay isku-tallaalid dabiici ah oo dhex martay [[liin macaan]] iyo geedka Bomelo? *... in liin bambeelmada markii ugu horreysay lagu arkay [[Gasiirad|Gasiirada Barbados]] ee [[Kaariibiyaan]]ka? *... in liin bambeelmada markii hore loogu yeeray "khudaartii la xaaraantinimeeyay" ? *... in [[Soomaaliya]] ay ka mid tahay meelaha ay si fiican uga baxdo liin bambeelmadu, gaar ahaan gobollada koonfureed? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> ko0aacbe8kqp1vkbg1it8jkxecx7w1h 4 50175 304160 2026-08-06T05:25:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304160 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lemon, Lemon tree, Florence, Italy.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Liin dhanaan]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[midho]] ka tirsan qoyska [[liin]]ta? *... in liindhanaantu ay caan ku tahay [[dhadhan]]keeda [[dhanaan]]ka ah iyo [[biyo|biyaha asiidha badan]] ee laga helo midhaheeda? *... in geedka liindhanaantu uu yahay geed mar walba [[cagaar]] ah oo ka gaaban geedaha kale ee liinta? *... in liindhanaantu ay aad ugu dhowdahay [[liin qarboosh]]ta, balse ay kaga duwan tahay midabka iyo dhadhanka dhanaanka badan? *... in liindhanaantu ay leedahay nafaqooyin badan oo uu jidhku u baahan yahay, gaar ahaan [[fiitamiin]]-Sii? *... in liindhanaantu ay ka baxdo dalal badan oo dunida ah, oo ay ka mid tahay [[Soomaaliya]], halka ay si weyn uga baxdo [[Hindiya]]? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> o4a7i2yzxiiy1x32icwzdx5zrw8e061 4 50176 304161 2026-08-06T05:28:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tumbler of cola with ice.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Cabitaan fudud]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''cabitaan qaboow''' uu yahay [[cabitaan]] lagu daray [[Kaarboon]]ayt? *... in cabitaanka fudud lagu daro waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin [[macaan]]eeye, [[sonkor]] iyo walxo kale oo dhadhan iyo midab u sameeya? *... in inta badan cabitaannada fudud lagu daro [[sonkor]] iyo [[midho|dheecaanka midhaha]]? *... in cabitaannada fudud ay yihiin cabitaanno aad looga isticmaalo dalal badan oo dunida ah? *... in cabitaanka fudud uu yeelan karo dhadhanno kala duwan oo ay sameeyaan walxaha lagu daro? *... in cabitaannada fudud ee aan khamriga lahayn loo diyaariyo si ay u noqdaan cabitaanno qabow oo dadku cabbaan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 1nlvnsn4j71e5tihb00fmg8r0gepsvs 4 50177 304162 2026-08-06T05:34:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bananas.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Moos]]''' ama '''Muus''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay mid ka mid ah dhirta miraha la cuno oo maqaarkiisu yahay midab [[qeenid]]? *... in moosku leeyahay noocyo iyo [[midab]]o kala duwan, sida mooska caadiga ah, moos sokorow iyo [[Moosbukiini]]? *... in [[Soomaaliya]] ay waagii hore ka mid ahayd dalalka ugu waaweyn ee dhoofiya mooska? *... in mooska Soomaalidu caanka ku yihiin uu ka tirsan yahay noocyada loo yaqaan banana cultivar? *... in mooska asal ahaan laga aaminsan yahay inuu ka yimid dalalka [[Shiinaha]] iyo [[Fiyetnam]]? *... in moosku uu ka baxo waddamada ku hareeraysan dhulbaraha iyo meelaha leh cimilada [[trobikaalka]]? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> f006idnl2xebl4zstthdjphobiiu016 4 50178 304163 2026-08-06T05:36:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304163 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dates on date palm.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Timir]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[miro]] bisil oo ka baxa [[geed]]ka timirta? *... in miraha timirtu ay yihiin kuwo yaryar, wareegsan oo leh [[midab]] madow ama casaan u janjeera? *... in timirtu ay tahay miro macaan oo si gaar ah loo cuno xilliga [[soon|Ramadaanka]] marka la afurayo? *... in [[geed]]ka timirtu uu si weyn uga baxo meelaha [[Lamadegaan|saxaraha]] ah ee woqooyiga [[Afrika]] iyo galbeedka [[Aasiya]]? *... in geedka timirtu uu ka baxo meelo kale oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Soomaaliya]], galbeedka Afrika, dalalka Carabta iyo bariga Aasiya? *... in hal geed timireed uu sanad wanaagsan soo saari karo 100 ilaa 600 rodol oo timir ah, isla markaana uu midho dhalin karo muddo dheer? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> j2wof2clputm1v5qxdu3ic3yy544owk 4 50179 304164 2026-08-06T05:37:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:1859-Martinique.web.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Baar]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[geed]] ka baxa waddamada ku yaalla dhulbaraha adduunka? *... in baarku uu si weyn uga baxo [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan meelaha [[webi]]yada iyo xeebaha? *... in nooca baarka ee loo yaqaan ''Hyphaene compressa'' uu leeyahay laba ama saddex madax? *... in baarka noociisa labada madax leh uu aad ugu badan yahay Bariga Afrika? *... in geedka baarku uu leeyahay noocyo kala duwan oo ku kala baxa deegaanno kala duwan? *... in baarku uu dhaliyo [[Qumbo]] oo ah mid ka mid ah miraha geedkan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> d63jbvcd512is8m9u43zvq92aoxoys9 4 50180 304166 2026-08-06T05:40:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304166 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ziziphus mauritiana fruit 2.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Gob]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[geed]] weyn oo dhalo miro yaryar oo jaalle ah? *... in miraha gobku ay yihiin miro macaan oo laga helo [[Soomaaliya]] oo dhan? *... in geedka gobka uu si gaar ah ugu badan yahay caasimadda [[Muqdisho]] oo uu ka baxo agagaarka guryaha? *... in gobku uu ka baxo waddamo badan oo ku yaalla [[Aduunka|caalamka]]? *... in miraha gobka loo isticmaalo cunto ahaan marka ay bislaadaan? *... in geedka gobku uu ka mid yahay geedaha miraha laga helo ee ku baxa deegaanno kala duwan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 6umrnpyu5y43thjc3bvq5aee3zvdg8m 4 50181 304169 2026-08-06T05:45:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Naschmarkt Wien 2009 PD 20091008 031.JPG|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Xalwo]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Xalwad''', ay tahay nooc ka mid ah [[cunto|cuntada fudud]] ee laga cuno meelo badan oo caalamka ah? *... in xalwadu ay si gaar ah caan uga tahay [[Soomaaliya]], [[Bariga Afrika]] iyo [[Bariga Dhexe]]? *... in magaca xalwo uu ka yimid luuqadda [[Carabi]]ga ({{lang-ar|حلاوة}}), oo macnihiisu yahay wax macaan? *... in xalwadu ay leedahay [[midab]]o iyo noocyo kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran waxyaabaha lagu daro? *... in xalwada caalamka guud ahaan ay leedahay laba nooc oo waaweyn: nooca daqiiqda leh iyo nooca looska leh? *... in xalwada lagu dari karo waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin [[sonkor]], [[subag]], [[saliid]], [[loos]] iyo miro yaryar si loo kordhiyo dhadhankeeda? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> ob228qd92se9gtxosxxxqcvpl9nrhmt 4 50182 304170 2026-08-06T05:47:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BiscuitsAmerican&British.png|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Buskud]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[cunto]] la dubay oo ka samaysan [[daqiiq]]? *... in buskudku uu yahay [[cunto]] fudud oo laga cuno meelo badan oo dunida ah? *... in buskudku leeyahay noocyo badan oo ku kala duwan [[dhadhan]]ka, [[midab]]ka iyo qaabka? *... in buskudka lagu sameyn karo waxyaabo kala duwan oo lagu kordhiyo dhadhankiisa? *... in buskudku uu ka mid yahay cuntooyinka fudud ee caanka ka ah dalal badan? *... in magaca buskud laga isticmaalo luuqado badan oo dunida ah? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 138ddxz34vc6vy6mrf3s69yo52gif55 4 50183 304171 2026-08-06T05:50:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chocolate (blue background).jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Shukulaato]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[cunto]] laga sameeyo iniinaha la dubay oo la shiiday ee [[cocoa bean|digirta kookaha]]? *... in shukulaatadu ay noqon karto dareere, adag ama isku-dar jilicsan, isla markaana loo isticmaalo in lagu dhadhamiyo cuntooyin kale? *... in digirta kookaha ay tahay iniinta geedka kookaha (''[[Theobroma cacao]]'') oo marka hore la khamiiriyo, la qalajiyo lana dubo si dhadhan loo helo? *... in shukulaatada laga samayn karo walxo ay ka mid yihiin [[subagga kookaha]], budada kookaha, sonkor iyo caano? *... in shukulaatadu ay leedahay noocyo kala duwan sida shukulaatada madow, shukulaatada caanaha leh iyo shukulaatada cad? *... in shukulaatadu ay ka mid tahay cuntooyinka iyo dhadhannada ugu caansan adduunka, isla markaana lagu isticmaalo macmacaanno badan sida keegga, jalaatada iyo buskudka? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> fx3siwo1c1orcpp34d9i5x6mo9mrxl9 4 50184 304172 2026-08-06T05:52:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304172 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Milk glass.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Caano]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay yihiin [[dareere]] cad oo ka yimaada [[naas]]aha [[Naasley|xayawaanka naasleyda]] iyo qaar ka mid ah [[dhir]]ta? *... in caanuhu ay ka mid yihiin [[cunto|cuntooyinka]] dabiiciga ah ee ay cunaan [[dad]]ka iyo xayawaanno badan? *... in caanuhu ay leeyihiin [[nafaqo]]oyin iyo [[macdan]]o badan oo jidhku u baahan yahay? *... in caanaha laga helo xayawaanno kala duwan sida lo'da, ariga iyo geela? *... in caanaha loo isticmaalo samaynta cuntooyin badan sida farmaajo, subag iyo caano fadhi? *... in caanuhu ay yihiin il muhiim ah oo laga helo nafaqooyinka ay ka mid yihiin borotiinka iyo kaalshiyamka? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> ga4zs4smnqzbglt9swqftp6cbr9kv06 4 50185 304173 2026-08-06T05:54:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vineyard in Montone.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Canab]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[miro]] la cuni karo oo leh [[midab]]o kala duwan sida [[ciraad]], madow, gaduud iyo cagaar? *... in canabku uu ka baxo geedka loo yaqaan ''Vitis''? *... in geedka canabku uu asal ahaan ka baxo koonfurta [[Yurub]] iyo koonfur-galbeedka [[Aasiya]]? *... in canabku uu ka mid yahay miraha caanka ah ee dunida laga cuno? *... in canabka loo isticmaalo cunto ahaan iyo samaynta waxyaabo kala duwan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> glor4ieozmrgsfnutq5pinebr519pr8 4 50186 304174 2026-08-06T05:56:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Assorted bread.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Rooti]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[Cunto]] laga sameeyo [[Bur]] iyo [[Biyo]] la isku qasay? *... in rootigu leeyahay laba nooc oo waaweyn: rootiga khamiirka leh iyo rootiga aan khamiirka lahayn? *... in rootiga khamiirka leh lagu daro khamiir si uu cajiinku u koro una noqdo mid jilicsan marka la dubayo? *... in rootiga aan khamiirka lahayn uu yahay rooti aan lagu darin khamiir oo badanaa leh qaab adag ama fidsan? *... in rootiga lagu dubi karo foorno, saxan ama digsi iyadoo ku xiran habka loo sameeyo? *... in rootigu uu ka mid yahay cuntooyinka ugu caansan ee dunida laga cuno? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> put5yg24ly8woz04rw6bbnt3wdylesf 4 50187 304175 2026-08-06T06:00:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304175 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Opened garlic bulb with garlic clove.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Toon|Tuun]]''' ama '''Toon''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[khudaar]] lagu daro [[cunto|cuntada]]? *... in toonta magaceeda sayniska uu yahay ''Allium sativum''? *... in toonta ay ka baxdo gudaha [[caro|carada dhulka]] iyadoo ka soo baxda geed yar? *... in toonta ay leedahay qolof midab cad ama casuus ah iyo madax wareegsan? *... in toonta lagu yaqaan dhadhan iyo kuleyl gaar ah, isla markaana loo isticmaalo cuntooyin badan? *... in toonta ay ka mid tahay khudaarta maalin kasta ay isticmaalaan [[dad]]ku, sida [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] iyo [[kaaroot]]ka? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> lm7vs8b5drub83uieyqd6yqpnh1zyu7 4 50188 304176 2026-08-06T06:03:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Peanuts.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Loos]]''' ama '''Lows''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[midho]] qolof leh oo ka tirsan [[dhir]]ta loo yaqaan ''Fabaceae''? *... in magaca sayniska ee loosku yahay ''Arachis hypogaea''? *... in loosku uu yahay geed sanadle ah oo miro dhala hal mar sanadkii? *... in geedka loosku uu gaari karo dherer ku dhow 50 sentimitir? *... in miraha loosku ay ka baxaan [[xidid]]ada geedka oo ay ku daboolan yihiin qolof ka difaaca [[xasharaad]]ka iyo dulinnada? *... in loosku uu leeyahay noocyo badan oo ku kala duwan muuqaalka, dhadhanka, dhumucda iyo [[midab]]ka? *... in loosku uu yahay cunto fudud oo leh [[borotiin]] iyo [[nafaqo]] badan oo faa'iido u leh jidhka dadka iyo xayawaanka? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 8zwzqb8ofnlvc6wjaoso49sb7pc22v4 4 50189 304177 2026-08-06T06:04:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304177 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Painted Pony Bean.JPG|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Digir]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[midho]] ka tirsan dhirta loo yaqaan ''Phaseolus vulgaris''? *... in digirtu ay leedahay [[midab]]o kala duwan sida [[casaan]], [[cowlaan]] iyo midabo kale? *... in digirtu ay ka mid tahay dhirta hodanka ku ah [[borotiin]]ka iyo [[nafaqo|nafaqooyinka]] muhiimka u ah jidhka? *... in digirtu ay tahay geed sanadle ah oo miro dhala hal mar sanadkii? *... in digirtu ay ka mid tahay dhirtii ugu horreysay ee dadku beeran jireen, muddo ka badan 10,000 sano? *... in digirta laga beero meelo badan oo dunida ah marka laga reebo [[Antaraktika]]? *... in ay jiraan noocyo badan oo digir ah sida [[digirta madow]], [[digirta cas]], [[digirta cad]] iyo [[faasuliyad]]da? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> r1gelh3e9qvqw69cjj67ahh573n80mg 4 50190 304178 2026-08-06T06:06:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:3 types of lentil.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Misir]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[geed]] leh [[midho]] [[firiley]] ah oo ka tirsan [[digir|bahda digirta]]? *... in magaca sayniska ee misirku yahay ''Lens culinaris''? *... in miraha misirtu ay yihiin kuwo yaryar, wareegsan oo leh qolof ama dahaadh sare oo fudud? *... in misirtu ay leedahay [[midab]]o kala duwan oo ku xiran deegaanka, [[caro|carada]], [[nafaqo|nafaqada]] iyo [[cimilo|cimilada]]? *... in geedka misirku uu gaari karo dherer ilaa 40 sentimitir? *... in miraha misirku ay ku dhex jiraan qolof wareegsan oo ka samaysma geedka? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> opmeoyto5fy2qb6ij0sskjy9hndhff6 4 50191 304179 2026-08-06T06:08:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Onions.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Basal]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[geed]] ka baxa dhulka oo ka mid ah [[khudaar]]ta lagu kariyo [[cunto|cuntada]]? *... in basashu ay ka tirsan tahay [[bahda toonta]] ee leh urta xooggan? *... in basashu ay tahay khudaar aad looga isticmaalo cuntooyinka kala duwan ee dunida? *... in basashu ay leedahay dhadhan iyo ur gaar ah oo ka yimaada walxo dabiici ah oo ku jira? *... in basashu ay ka mid tahay khudaarta la aaminsan yahay inay leedahay faa'iidooyin caafimaad? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> r8d97jj4z1o6uk4th1hf8ri0y6nrcpa 4 50192 304180 2026-08-06T06:10:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Salt crystals.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Milix]]''' ama '''Cusbo''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[Isku dhis]] [[macdan]] quruurax ah oo laga helo [[biyo]]ha [[bad]]aha? *... in milixdu ay ka samaysan tahay [[curiye]]yaasha [[Sodhiyaam]] iyo [[Koloriin]], taas oo loo yaqaan ''SodhiyaamKoloraydh'' (NaCl)? *... in hal [[litir]] oo biyaha baddu ah uu ka koobnaan karo qiyaastii 35 garaam oo milix ah? *... in milixdu ay muhiim u tahay dhismaha jidhka bani-aadamka isla markaana ay qayb ka tahay dhadhanka cuntada? *... in milixda la isticmaalayay in ka badan 6000 oo sano, ayna ka mid tahay waxyaabaha ugu da'da weyn ee dadku yaqaaniin? *... in milixda laga soo saaro biyaha badda iyadoo la uumi-bixiyo ama laga qodo meelaha ay ku kaydsan tahay? *... in milixda loo isticmaalo cuntada iyo cabitaanka, sidoo kalena warshaduhu uga faa'iidaystaan samaynta kiimikooyin iyo walxo kale? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> scyaqmj85q42xgsvzvw1gsqnyiov2t2 4 50193 304181 2026-08-06T06:11:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bromine 25ml.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Boromiin]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo astaantiisu tahay (Br) isla markaana tirada [[atom]]kiisu tahay 35? *... in boromiintu ay ka tirsan tahay neefaha [[halogen]]ska ee [[halogen|guruubka 17aad]] ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]]? *... in boromiintu aysan inta badan kaligeed u jirin, balse ay ku jirto [[isku dhis]]yo [[cusbo]] ah? *... in boromiintu ay la falgasho curiyeyaasha kale sida [[Aaydhiin]]ta iyo [[Koloriin]]ta? *... in boromiintu ay si fudud u milanto, taas oo sababta in laga helo tiro badan oo ku jirta [[biyo|biyaha]] [[bad]]aha? *... in iskudhisyada boromiinta ee loo yaqaan ''Boromaaydh'' loo isticmaalo samaynta walxo ay ka mid yihiin sunta [[xasharaad]]ka iyo kiimikooyin kale? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> pw1f7o8mvohml2oajizkuo3u2l0jgcp 4 50194 304182 2026-08-06T06:14:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Boron R105.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Booron]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo astaantiisu tahay (B) isla markaana leh lambar [[atom]] oo ah 5? *... in booronku inta badan laga helo oogada dhulka isagoo ku jira [[isku dhis]]yo kala duwan? *... in booronku marka uu kaligiis yahay uu yahay '''bir la mood''' aad u khafiif ah oo leh midab cowlaan ah? *... in macdanta booron ee laga helo [[caro|carada]] ay ka mid yihiin iskudhisyada ''Borax'' iyo ''Kernite''? *... in iskudhisyada booronka iyo macdanta silika loo isticmaalo samaynta dhalooyinka, muraayadaha iyo quruuradaha? *... in booronku uu ka mid yahay curiyeyaasha muhiimka u ah warshadaha kala duwan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> jtc8twerbm9nbpc1fanfle96j2q2fgt 4 50195 304183 2026-08-06T06:15:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chlorine in bottle.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Koloriin]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo calaamaddiisu tahay (Cl) isla markaana tirada [[atom]]kiisu tahay 17? *... in koloriintu ay ka tirsan tahay '''Guruubka Neefaha Halogen''' isla markaana ay tahay curiyaha ugu fudud ee kooxdaas? *... in koloriintu ay tahay [[neef]] leh midab huruud iyo cagaar isku dhafan? *... in koloriintu inta badan ku jirto qaab laba [[atom]] oo isku xiran? *... in koloriintu ay la falgasho [[Sodhiyaam]]ka si ay u samayso [[Sodhiyaam]]-koloraydh oo ah [[Cusbo]]da ama [[Milix]]da la isticmaalo maalin kasta? *... in koloriintu ay ka mid tahay curiyeyaasha muhiimka ah ee loo isticmaalo warshadaha iyo nadiifinta? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 7j2ctrnk9zpiuxw2rfprl0phdgojpkl 4 50196 304184 2026-08-06T06:21:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Salad platter.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Saladh|Ansalaato]]''' ama '''Salar''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[khudaar]] lagu daro [[cunto|cuntada]]? *... in ansalaatadu ay tahay caleemo waaweyn oo cagaar ah oo ka baxa [[dhul|carada dhulka]]? *... in salarku uusan u baahnayn in la kariyo, balse inta badan sida uu yahay loo cuno? *... in ansalaatadu ay ka mid tahay khudaarta maalin kasta ay isticmaalaan [[dad]]ku? *... in khudaarta kale ee lala isticmaalo ansalaatada ay ka mid yihiin [[basal|basasha]], [[yaanyo|yaanyada]], [[toon]]ta, [[kaaroot]]ka iyo [[besbaas]]ka? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 8n64obs9j0hkv1soxpkkc4juo1szm7y 4 50197 304185 2026-08-06T06:32:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chili pepper 01.JPG|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Besbaas]]''', '''Basbaas''' ama '''[[Qaji]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[khudaar]] lagu daro [[cunto|cuntada]]? *... in basbaasku uu leeyahay dhadhan kulul oo ka yimaada walaxda kimikada ah ee loo yaqaan ''Kabsaysin'' (capsaicin)? *... in basbaasku uu asal ahaan ka yimid [[Ameerika|qaaradaha Ameerika]]? *... in markii ugu horreysay basbaaska lagu arkay [[Kolombiya]], ka dibna uu ku faafay dunida inteeda kale? *... in [[Hindiya]] ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu badan ee soo saara isla markaana isticmaala basbaaska adduunka? *... in basbaasku uu leeyahay noocyo kala duwan oo leh [[midab]]o ay ka mid yihiin cagaar iyo casaan, isla markaana loo isticmaalo cuntooyin badan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> psntobtk15qy1nqbgxrp7or3vjwzf6r 304186 304185 2026-08-06T06:32:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304186 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chili pepper 01.JPG|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Besbaas]]''', '''Basbaas''' ama '''[[Qaji]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[khudaar]] lagu daro [[cunto|cuntada]]? *... in basbaasku uu leeyahay dhadhan kulul oo ka yimaada walaxda kimikada ah ee loo yaqaan ''Kabsaysin''? *... in basbaasku uu asal ahaan ka yimid [[Ameerika|qaaradaha Ameerika]]? *... in markii ugu horreysay basbaaska lagu arkay [[Kolombiya]], ka dibna uu ku faafay dunida inteeda kale? *... in [[Hindiya]] ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu badan ee soo saara isla markaana isticmaala basbaaska adduunka? *... in basbaasku uu leeyahay noocyo kala duwan oo leh [[midab]]o ay ka mid yihiin cagaar iyo casaan, isla markaana loo isticmaalo cuntooyin badan? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 4m1evzf9g1s4xsflvnm1fd0h9k80inp 4 50198 304187 2026-08-06T06:34:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Patates.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Barandho|Baradho]]''', '''Baradhe''' ama '''Bataati''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) ay tahay [[khudaar]] ka baxda xididdada [[dhir]]ta? *... in baradhadu ay ka mid tahay cuntooyinka ay cunaan [[dad]]ka iyo xooluhu? *... in baradhadu leedahay noocyo badan oo ku kala duwan [[midab]]ka, dhadhanka, xajmiga iyo dhumucda? *... in nooca baradhada huruud-cad (yellow-white) uu yahay mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu caansan dunida? *... in baradhadu ay tahay cuntada afaraad ee dunida ugu badan laga isticmaalo, kaddib [[bariis]]ka, [[qamadi]]ga iyo [[galley]]da? *... in baradhadu asal ahaan ka timid [[Koonfurta Ameerika]], gaar ahaan dalka [[Jili]]? *... in miraha baradhadu ay ka baxaan gudaha [[dhul|carada dhulka]] hoosteeda? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> czyqvi9jcyl08bpd3l05cs7y671je7a 4 50199 304188 2026-08-06T06:37:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Afakadho|Afokaadho]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay miro ka baxa geedka ''Persea americana'' oo asal ahaan ka yimid [[Meksiko]] iyo [[Bartamaha Ameerika]]? *... in afokadhuhu uu ka tirsan yahay [[dhir|dhirta ubaxleyda]] ee qoyska ''Lauraceae''? *... in midhaha afokadhuhu ay leeyihiin hilib cagaaran iyo [[laf]] weyn oo dhexda ku jirta? *... in afokadhaha lagu beero meelo badan oo dunida ah oo leh [[cimilo|cimilo diiran]]? *... in maqaarka sare ee afokadhuhu uu yahay cagaar madow u janjeera, isla markaana qaabkiisu u dhow yahay [[ukun]]ta? *... in afokadhuhu uu yahay miro leh [[nafaqo]] badan sida [[fiitamiin]]o, fiber, [[borotiin]] iyo dux faa'iido leh? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> gkzo32aioebf9xec1r9uso24jmtlqm6 4 50200 304189 2026-08-06T06:40:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Grain millet, early grain fill, Tifton, 7-3-02.jpg|right|130px]] *... in '''[[Masago|Masego]]''' ({{d|Sawir}}ka) uu yahay [[geed]] leh [[midho]] yaryar oo [[firiley]] ah? *... in masegadu ay ka tirsan tahay [[cows|qoyska cowska]]? *... in midhaha iyo laamaha masegadu ay cunaan [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]] iyo [[xayawaan]]ka kale? *... in masegadu ay ka mid tahay dalagyada firileyda ee laga beero meelo badan oo dunida ah? *... in miraha masegadu loo isticmaalo cunto ahaan iyo quud ahaan xoolaha? <noinclude> [[Category:Liiska mashruuca ma ogtahay]] </noinclude> 5m3t66isiumlsevh0xbf4zjn6q0cma8