Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 14 1516 304815 117511 2026-08-11T05:08:11Z Service1991 46782 304815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox}} [[Afrika]] tdf19fadk91rx66k0mqpoyeokiwuhrh 304826 304815 2026-08-11T07:34:51Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Service1991|Service1991]] ([[User talk:Service1991|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Abshirdheere|Abshirdheere]] 117511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Somalia}} {{Dheeraad}} [[Category:Dalalka Afrika]] a0ff3bvotc7qtxqrx0siusz99fi86yj 0 2734 304813 301609 2026-08-11T05:00:30Z Service1991 46782 Changes are made 304813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|somalia=}} {{Soomaaliya |nativename={{lang|Soomaali}}<br />{{lang|ar|اللغة الصومالية}} |states=[[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Kiinya]], [[Itoobiya]] |speakers = 34 milyan {{increase}} |date = 2019 |ref = <ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007</ref> |familycolor=Afro-Asiatic |fam2=[[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitik]] |fam3=[[Geeska Afrika|Bariga Deegaanad Hoose]] |fam4=[[Soomaali|Somali-Weyn]] |fam5=[[Af-soomaali]] |nation={{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}}<br />({{flagcountry|Soomaaliland}} / {{flagcountry|Waqooyibari}})<br />{{Flagcountry|Djibouti}} |iso1=so |iso2=som |iso3=som |script=[[Far Soomaali|Latin]] (Rasmi), [[Farta Carabiga]], [[Farta Cismaaniya]], [[Farta Borama|Borama]], [[kadariya]] |map= |mapcaption=Meelaha la gaga hadlo Soomaaliga |notice=IPA }} {{dhaqanka soomaaliya}} '''Af-Soomaali''' waa luqad [[Afro-Aasiyatik]] ah oo ay leedahay laanta [[Kushiitik]] . Waxay afka hooyo u tahay [[Soomaalida]] ku nool dhulka [[Soomaaliweyn]] iyo qurbo joogta Soomaaliyeed. Afka Soomaaliga waa afka rasmiga ee [[Soomaaliya]]<ref>[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution_Text_only_Eng_IJSLL.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland, November 10, 2019]</ref> , luqadda qaranka [[Jabuuti]] , iyo luqad ka shaqeeysa gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida Itoobiya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Woqooyi Bari, Kiinya|Waqooyi Bari Kenya]]. Afka Soomaaliga wuxuu si rasmi ah ugu qoran yahay xarfaha [[Laatiin]]ka. [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|660px|Daabacadaha Af-Soomaaliga<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada…]</ref>]] ==Kala sooca== Afka Soomaaliga waxaa lagu kala soocay gudaha kushitiga ee laanta Afro aasiyatiga; gaar ahaan, Dhulka bariga hoose ee kushitik oo ay weheliso [[Af-Cafari|canfarta]] iyo [[Af saho|Saho]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa luuqadda Kushiitiga ee si fiican loo diiwaangeliyay<ref>Lewis, I. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press|1998|</ref>, oo leh daraasado aqooneed oo afka ah oo ku qootoma dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad. == Juquraafiga == Afka Soomaaliga waxaa ku hadla Soomaalida ku nool dalka Soomaaliya , Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Yemen , Kenya , iyo qurba joogta Soomaalida . Waxaa sidoo kale ku hadlo dad tiro yar oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee ku sugan agagaarkaas. Afka Soomaaliga ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu wayn kushitiga marka laga reebo afka Oromada<ref name="s3">Saciid, John (1999). Soomaali . Amsterdam: John Benjaminamiiniyada.</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo [[2016]], waxaa jiray dad gaaraayo ku dhawaad ​​36.6 milyan oo qof oo ku hadla af soomaaliga, oo kala degan dhulka soomaali wayn, taas oo ku dhawaad ​​15 milyan ay ku noolyihiin Soomaaliya <ref>[[ethnologue:som|Somali, ]][[SIL International]]<span>, 2013</span></ref>. Afka waxaa ku hadla qiyaastii 95% dadka dalka deggan, iyo sidoo kale inta badan dadweynaha Jabuuti. Ka dib bilowgii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya horaantii 1990meeyadii, qurbo-joogta ku hadasha Af-soomaaliga ayaa korortay, iyadoo bulshooyinka cusub ee ururada Soomaalida ay ka samaysmeen qaybo ka mid ah [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Yurub]] .<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/som Somali]</ref> ===Luqada rasmiga ah=== Dastuur ahaan, Af-Soomaaliga iyo Carabiga waa labada af ee rasmiga ka ah Soomaaliya<ref>[http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=20130124010543 }}</ref>. Af soomaaliga waxay ahayd luuqad rasmi oo qaran tan iyo bishii Janaayo [[1973]], markii [[Golaha Kacaanka]] (SRC) uu ku dhawaaqay inay tahay luqadda koowaad ee maamulka iyo waxbarashada [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] . Afka Soomaaliga ayaa markaas ka dib loo aas aasay inuu yahay luuqadda ugu weyn ee waxbarashada tacliinta ee foomamka 1 illaa 4 , ka dib shaqadii diyaarinta ee ay magacaabeen Guddiga Afka Soomaaliga ee ay dawladdu u magacowday. Markii dambe waxaa la ballaariyey in lagu daro dhammaan foomamka 12da ah [[1979]]. Sanadkii 1972, golahii kacaanka waxay qaadatay xuruuf [[Farta laatiinka|laatiini]] ah oo noqonaayo mid rasmi oo qaran oo badalaayo dhowr xuruuf oo markaa la adeegsan jiray. Sidoo kale, wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee ku hadla afka Talyaaniga ee Xiddigta Oktoobar ("Stella d'Ottobre") ayaa dhalasho ahaan loo bixiyay , oo loogu magac daray Xiddigta Oktoobar , waxayna bilaabeen daabacashada af Soomaaliga. Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho ee [[Radio Muqdisho]] ayaa sidoo kale af soomaaliga ku baahinaayay tan iyo [[1943]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadaha dadweynaha ee gobolka raadiyaasha iyo tv'yada barnaamijyada ee sii daayaan oo ku baxo af soomaaliga. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inuu yahay luqadda rasmiga ah ee shaqada ee Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya<ref name="Llicuv">[https://books.google.com/books?id=PNEiAQAAMAAJ Kizitus Mpoche, Tennu Mbuh, eds., Language, literature, and identity, 2006, Cuvillier]</ref>. In kasta oo aysan luqada ka ahayn af rasmi ah dalka Jabuuti, haddana waxay halkaas ka dhigtaa luqad qaran oo weyn. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa looga isticmaalaa telefishanka iyo idaacadaha raadiyaha<ref name="Ethndjib">[http://www.ethnologue.com/country/DJ/languages Ethnologue - Djibouti]</ref>, Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho [[Raadiyo Jabuuti]] ayaa barnaamijyada iyo idaacadaha ku sii gudbinaayay luuqadda tan iyo 1943 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay. Hay'adda Warbaahinta Kenya ayaa iyadana ku hadasha Afka Soomaaliga gaar ahaan barnaamijyadooda Iftin FM. Afsoomali waxaa looga hadlaa Waqooyi Bari Kenya<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g2xHqL7Eyo Afka Soomaaliga]</ref>. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa nidaaminaya [[Akademiyada Afka Soomaaliga ee Gobolka]] , oo ah hay'ad dawladeed oo laga asaasay magaalada [[Jabuuti]] bishii Juun [[2013]] , waxa ay wadaagaan dawladaha Jabuuti, Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya. Waxaa si rasmi ah loogu xilsaaray ilaalinta afka soomaaliga<ref name="Crslalid">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150121105039/http://www.comesaria.org/site/en/news_details.php?chaine=regional-somali-language-academy-launched-in-djibouti&id_news=17578&id_article=119. Regional Somali Language Academy Launched in Djibouti COMESA Regional Investment Agency, 28 February 2014, Nuqul Archive]</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, Afka Soomaaligu sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah luqadaha muuqda ee laga heli karo [[Google Translate]] .<ref name="Gtniel">[http://googletranslate.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/google-translate-now-in-80-languages.html Google Translate - now in 80 languages, Google Translate, 10 December 2013]</ref> ==Lahjadaha af Soomaaliga== Afka soomaaliga wuxuu u kala baxaa labo qeybood oo waaweyn: [[Af maxaatiri]] iyo [[Af maay]]. Afka woqooyiga soomaaliga ama af maxaa tiri<ref name="Lamberti">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171011132341/http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/3034/1/Map%20of%20the%20Somali%20Dialects%20in%20the%20Somali%20Democratic%20Republic.pdf Map of Somali dialects in the Somalia Democratic Republic, Lamberti Marcello, 1986, H. Buske]</ref>waa af Halbeega Soomaaliyeed ee cilmiga iyo culuunta lagu barto ahna kan qoran. waxay aas aaska u noqotaa heerka Soomaaliga. Waxaa ku hadla in ka badan 85% bulshada soomalida oo dhan, gaar ahaan deegaanada Jabuuti , Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya , Waqooyi Bari Kenya iyo meelo badan oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah<ref name="Mwv2">[https://books.google.com/?id=JQlJAQAAIAAJ Mundus, Volumes 23-24 Wissenschaftliche Verl. 1987]</ref>. Lahjada Maay waxaa looga hadlaa inta badan koonfurta soomaaliya qoraalkiisuna weli si rasmi ah layskuguma raacin. == Qoristii Far Soomaaliga == [[Far Soomaali]]ga waxaa la qoray Sanadkii 1972-kii. Af soomaaliga waxa lagu qoraa xuruufta laatiinka ka dib 11 sano markii la magacaabay guddigii Af Soomaaliga sanadkii 1961. Dood dheer ka dib, guddigu wuu talo gafay. Dowladii Kacaanka ayaa dib boorka uga jaftay guddiga waxaana muddo 2 sano ah lagu hirgeliay qorista iyo barashada Af Soomaaliga. 18 nooc oo far Soomaali loo damacsanayaa ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay af yaqaano kala duwan. Guddigii Af Soomaaliga ee shaqaynayay 1961 ilaa 1972 ayaa doortay fartii afyaqaan Shire Jaamac Axmed i taas oo horay uu ugu tijaabiyay buugaag, biirayaal bille ah sida "Iftiinka Aqoonta" iyada ay jireen tartan balaaran oo dhanka xaruufta Carabiga ah maadama Soomaalidu Quraanka ku barato Alif, Ba. Xaruufta Laatiinka waxaa loo door biday arimo dhaqaale, qalabkii wadanka yiil iyo asbaabo kale. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga iyo Qoristii Far Soomaaliga. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga ayaa lagu balaariyay tirada bulshada ee taqaan qorista iyo akhrinta Af Soomaaliga. Barnaamijyo kumanaan saacadood oo ka baxay idaahadaha Radio Hargaisa iyo Radio Mogadishu iyo barayaal 20,000 (labaatan kun) oo ay ku jiraan ardaydii dugsiyada sare ayaa u howl galay in aqoonta aas aaska ee bulshada laga qaado 2% lana gaarsiiyay 55% mar ay UNESCO baaris ku samaysay isbadalka uu ummada gaarsiiyay Ole Olihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga. Wakaalada Madbacada Qaranka, Tiyaatarka, Wakaalada Filimida iyo wasaarado badan ayaa ka qayb qaatay barnaamijka qorista iyo horumarinta Af Soomaaliga<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120228194910/http://www.baardheerepolytechnic.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=12 Bardera Polytechnic Languages Department Nuqul Archive]</ref> . Af soomaaligu waa af ka kooban erayo,tiraab iyo hawraar soomali ah oo ay kol kolka qaarkood ku darsamaan erayo carabi ama ingriisi ahi. Af Soomaligu waa luqadda ugu fudud qoraal ahaan iyo codeynba hase ahaatee ku hadliddeedu way adagtahay, kolka la barbardhigo afafka udunka qaar ka mida. == Far Soomaali == Qoriddii Af-soomaaliga waxa ka qayb qaatay Aqoonyahanno [[Soomaali]]yeed oo aad u fara badan. Xarfaha higgaadda Af-soomaaligu waa Shaqal 5 xaraf ka kooban iyo Shibbane 21 xaraf ah. Shibbane oo kala ah: * B T J X KH D R S SH DH C G F Q K L M N W H Y ama b t j x kh d r s sh dh c g f q k l m n w h y Shaqal oo kala ah - Shaqal gaab: * A E I O U ama a e i o u Shaqal dheer: * AA EE II OO UU ama aa ee ii oo uu <ref>hab qorka</ref> Afka Soomaaliga marka laga fiiriyo falalka waxay ku dhamaadaan, ayadoo loo eegayo amar ahaan waxa uu ku dhamaado ayaa waxaa suura gal ah in aay ku dhamaadaan kuwo kale sida fal amar ah oo ku dhamaado "o" da waxaa lagu bedelayaa "A" waxaana la raacshaa "SHO". Tusaale: baxsasho(baxso), dhimo(dhimasho), seexo(seexasho), fadhiiso(fadhiisasho). Sida la mooda waxaa kale oo jira falal ku dhamaada "N", kaa oo amar haan marka aan ka soo qaadno uu ku idlaado "Y" ama "I". Tusaale: xooji(xoojin), sii(siin), beer darey(beer dareyn). Waxaa laga reebaa kuwoo amar ahaan ku dhammaada "OOW", laakiin isu bedesho "AANSHO". Sida: jecloow(jeclaansho), ogoloow(ogolaansho). Hadii la fiirayo, meelaha ugu fudud waa tirooyinka: * 1 Kow = Koowaad * 2 Labo = Labaad * 3 Saddex = Saddexaad * 4 Afar = Afaraad * 5 Shan = Shanaad * 6 Lix = Lixaad * 7 Todobo = Todobaad * 8 Sideed = Sideedaad * 9 Sagaal = Sagaalaad * 10 Toban = Tobanaad * 20 Labaatan = Labaatanaad * 30 Sodon = Sodonaad * 40 Afartan = Afartanaad * 50 Konton = Kontonaad * 60 Lexdan = Lexdanaad * 70 Todbaatan = Todbaatanaad * 80 Sideetan = Sideetanad * 90 Sagaashan = Sagaashanaad * 100 Boqol * 1000 Kun * 1000000 Milyan Waxaa kale oo aan wax ka sheegi karnaa tilmaameyaasha. Ka soo qaad: kan (kaas), tan (taas), kuwan (kuwaas). Sidoo kale kama maaranno waxyaabaha aan albaab ahaan u balaqeyno ''(this is a pen)'' in aan u fasirno afkeena sidii la doono ayadoon ahayn(kan qalin waaye/kan waa qalin) * This = kan * Is = waaye/waa * Pen = qalin Laakiin (my pen) sideen u isticmaali karaa ma(kan qalin)baa? Jawaabtu waa may ee waa lays daba mariyaa (qalin + kan) * Aniga - kayga (qalinkan (this pen) waa (is) kayga (mine)) * Adiga - kaaga * Isaga - kiisa * Iyada - keeda * Anaga - keena * Idinka - kiina * Iyaga - kooda * Inaga - keena == Tirada [[Dad]]ka ku hadla Af-Soomaaliga == * Tirada dhabta ee dadka ku hadla Af-soomaaliga lama yaqaan, waxaase lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 19.65 Milyan oo qof kuwaas oo ku kala firarsan Caalamka, waxaana kaloo jira aragtiyo kale oo gaarsiiya ilaa 25 Milyan oo qof. {| class="wikitable" ! Français || Af-Soomaali || Italiano || Carabi |-- | terre || [[dhulka]]|| terra || ارض |-- | ciel || [[cir]]ka|| cielo || سماء |-- | eau || [[biyo]]|| acqua || ماء |-- | gens ||[[dad]]|| popolo || الناس |-- | garçon ||[[lab]]|| maschio || ذكر |-- | fille ||[[naag]]|| femmine || الإناث |-- | homme ||[[nin]]|| uomo || رجل |-- | femmes || [[dumar]]||donne || نساء |-- | manger ||[[cun]]|| mangiare || أكل |-- | je mange ||[[waan cunayaa]]|| io mangio || أنا آكل |-- | boire || [[cab]]|| bevi || شرب |-- | je bois || [[waan cabayaa]]|| io bevo || أشرب |-- | grand || [[wayn]]|| grande || عظيم |-- | petit || [[yar]]|| piccolo || صغير |-- | nuit || [[habeen]]|| sera/notte || ليل |- | jour || [[maalin]]|| giorno || يوم |} == Meelaha lagaga hadlo == * [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Soomaaliya]]. * [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|25px]] [[Jabuuti]]. * [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|25px]] [[Somaliland]] * [[File:North Eastern State of Somalia.jpg|25px]] [[Waqooyibari]] * [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kiinya]]. * [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|25px]] [[Itoobiya]]. * [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|25px]] [[Yamen]]. *[[Ingiriiska]] iyo sidoo kale waddamada caalamka oo dhan, afka soomaaliga waxaa kale oo ku hadlo dad badan oo asal ahaan soomaali eheen, qaarkood weeba ku heesaan. ''' somali - english - turkish aniga - I - ben adiga - you - sen isaga - he - o iyada - she - o anaga - we - biz adinka - you - siz iyaga - they - onlar. qaybaha falalka(ficilada) soomaaaliga: kuwo ku dhamaado ..-id,..-asho,..-aansho,..-n sida afka soomaaliga hadaan tusaalooyin ka bixino: '''fal dhacay''' (aniga == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Farta laatiinka]] * [[Farta Cismaaniya]] * [[Lahjadaha looga hadlo Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== [[Category:Afafka]] bf6guc06ncdjrotesvtop4zae1qwrln 304828 304813 2026-08-11T07:35:29Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Service1991|Service1991]] ([[User talk:Service1991|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Ibnumustaf|Ibnumustaf]] 301609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Macluumaad luqadda |name=Soomaaliya |nativename={{lang|so|Af-Soomaali}}<br />{{lang|ar|اللغة الصومالية}} |states=[[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Kiinya]], [[Itoobiya]] |speakers = 34 milyan {{increase}} |date = 2019 |ref = <ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007</ref> |familycolor=Afro-Asiatic |fam2=[[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitik]] |fam3=[[Geeska Afrika|Bariga Deegaanad Hoose]] |fam4=[[Soomaali|Somali-Weyn]] |fam5=[[Af-soomaali]] |nation={{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}}<br />({{flagcountry|Soomaaliland}} / {{flagcountry|Waqooyibari}})<br />{{Flagcountry|Djibouti}} |iso1=so |iso2=som |iso3=som |script=[[Far Soomaali|Latin]] (Rasmi), [[Farta Carabiga]], [[Farta Cismaaniya]], [[Farta Borama|Borama]], [[kadariya]] |map= |mapcaption=Meelaha la gaga hadlo Soomaaliga |notice=IPA }} {{dhaqanka soomaaliya}} '''Af-Soomaali''' waa luqad [[Afro-Aasiyatik]] ah oo ay leedahay laanta [[Kushiitik]] . Waxay afka hooyo u tahay [[Soomaalida]] ku nool dhulka [[Soomaaliweyn]] iyo qurbo joogta Soomaaliyeed. Afka Soomaaliga waa afka rasmiga ee [[Soomaaliya]]<ref>[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution_Text_only_Eng_IJSLL.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland, November 10, 2019]</ref> , luqadda qaranka [[Jabuuti]] , iyo luqad ka shaqeeysa gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida Itoobiya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Woqooyi Bari, Kiinya|Waqooyi Bari Kenya]]. Afka Soomaaliga wuxuu si rasmi ah ugu qoran yahay xarfaha [[Laatiin]]ka. [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|660px|Daabacadaha Af-Soomaaliga<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada…]</ref>]] ==Kala sooca== Afka Soomaaliga waxaa lagu kala soocay gudaha kushitiga ee laanta Afro aasiyatiga; gaar ahaan, Dhulka bariga hoose ee kushitik oo ay weheliso [[Af-Cafari|canfarta]] iyo [[Af saho|Saho]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa luuqadda Kushiitiga ee si fiican loo diiwaangeliyay<ref>Lewis, I. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press|1998|</ref>, oo leh daraasado aqooneed oo afka ah oo ku qootoma dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad. == Juquraafiga == Afka Soomaaliga waxaa ku hadla Soomaalida ku nool dalka Soomaaliya , Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Yemen , Kenya , iyo qurba joogta Soomaalida . Waxaa sidoo kale ku hadlo dad tiro yar oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee ku sugan agagaarkaas. Afka Soomaaliga ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu wayn kushitiga marka laga reebo afka Oromada<ref name="s3">Saciid, John (1999). Soomaali . Amsterdam: John Benjaminamiiniyada.</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo [[2016]], waxaa jiray dad gaaraayo ku dhawaad ​​36.6 milyan oo qof oo ku hadla af soomaaliga, oo kala degan dhulka soomaali wayn, taas oo ku dhawaad ​​15 milyan ay ku noolyihiin Soomaaliya <ref>[[ethnologue:som|Somali, ]][[SIL International]]<span>, 2013</span></ref>. Afka waxaa ku hadla qiyaastii 95% dadka dalka deggan, iyo sidoo kale inta badan dadweynaha Jabuuti. Ka dib bilowgii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya horaantii 1990meeyadii, qurbo-joogta ku hadasha Af-soomaaliga ayaa korortay, iyadoo bulshooyinka cusub ee ururada Soomaalida ay ka samaysmeen qaybo ka mid ah [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Yurub]] .<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/som Somali]</ref> ===Luqada rasmiga ah=== Dastuur ahaan, Af-Soomaaliga iyo Carabiga waa labada af ee rasmiga ka ah Soomaaliya<ref>[http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=20130124010543 }}</ref>. Af soomaaliga waxay ahayd luuqad rasmi oo qaran tan iyo bishii Janaayo [[1973]], markii [[Golaha Kacaanka]] (SRC) uu ku dhawaaqay inay tahay luqadda koowaad ee maamulka iyo waxbarashada [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] . Afka Soomaaliga ayaa markaas ka dib loo aas aasay inuu yahay luuqadda ugu weyn ee waxbarashada tacliinta ee foomamka 1 illaa 4 , ka dib shaqadii diyaarinta ee ay magacaabeen Guddiga Afka Soomaaliga ee ay dawladdu u magacowday. Markii dambe waxaa la ballaariyey in lagu daro dhammaan foomamka 12da ah [[1979]]. Sanadkii 1972, golahii kacaanka waxay qaadatay xuruuf [[Farta laatiinka|laatiini]] ah oo noqonaayo mid rasmi oo qaran oo badalaayo dhowr xuruuf oo markaa la adeegsan jiray. Sidoo kale, wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee ku hadla afka Talyaaniga ee Xiddigta Oktoobar ("Stella d'Ottobre") ayaa dhalasho ahaan loo bixiyay , oo loogu magac daray Xiddigta Oktoobar , waxayna bilaabeen daabacashada af Soomaaliga. Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho ee [[Radio Muqdisho]] ayaa sidoo kale af soomaaliga ku baahinaayay tan iyo [[1943]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadaha dadweynaha ee gobolka raadiyaasha iyo tv'yada barnaamijyada ee sii daayaan oo ku baxo af soomaaliga. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inuu yahay luqadda rasmiga ah ee shaqada ee Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya<ref name="Llicuv">[https://books.google.com/books?id=PNEiAQAAMAAJ Kizitus Mpoche, Tennu Mbuh, eds., Language, literature, and identity, 2006, Cuvillier]</ref>. In kasta oo aysan luqada ka ahayn af rasmi ah dalka Jabuuti, haddana waxay halkaas ka dhigtaa luqad qaran oo weyn. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa looga isticmaalaa telefishanka iyo idaacadaha raadiyaha<ref name="Ethndjib">[http://www.ethnologue.com/country/DJ/languages Ethnologue - Djibouti]</ref>, Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho [[Raadiyo Jabuuti]] ayaa barnaamijyada iyo idaacadaha ku sii gudbinaayay luuqadda tan iyo 1943 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay. Hay'adda Warbaahinta Kenya ayaa iyadana ku hadasha Afka Soomaaliga gaar ahaan barnaamijyadooda Iftin FM. Afsoomali waxaa looga hadlaa Waqooyi Bari Kenya<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g2xHqL7Eyo Afka Soomaaliga]</ref>. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa nidaaminaya [[Akademiyada Afka Soomaaliga ee Gobolka]] , oo ah hay'ad dawladeed oo laga asaasay magaalada [[Jabuuti]] bishii Juun [[2013]] , waxa ay wadaagaan dawladaha Jabuuti, Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya. Waxaa si rasmi ah loogu xilsaaray ilaalinta afka soomaaliga<ref name="Crslalid">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150121105039/http://www.comesaria.org/site/en/news_details.php?chaine=regional-somali-language-academy-launched-in-djibouti&id_news=17578&id_article=119. Regional Somali Language Academy Launched in Djibouti COMESA Regional Investment Agency, 28 February 2014, Nuqul Archive]</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, Afka Soomaaligu sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah luqadaha muuqda ee laga heli karo [[Google Translate]] .<ref name="Gtniel">[http://googletranslate.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/google-translate-now-in-80-languages.html Google Translate - now in 80 languages, Google Translate, 10 December 2013]</ref> ==Lahjadaha af Soomaaliga== Afka soomaaliga wuxuu u kala baxaa labo qeybood oo waaweyn: [[Af maxaatiri]] iyo [[Af maay]]. Afka woqooyiga soomaaliga ama af maxaa tiri<ref name="Lamberti">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171011132341/http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/3034/1/Map%20of%20the%20Somali%20Dialects%20in%20the%20Somali%20Democratic%20Republic.pdf Map of Somali dialects in the Somalia Democratic Republic, Lamberti Marcello, 1986, H. Buske]</ref>waa af Halbeega Soomaaliyeed ee cilmiga iyo culuunta lagu barto ahna kan qoran. waxay aas aaska u noqotaa heerka Soomaaliga. Waxaa ku hadla in ka badan 85% bulshada soomalida oo dhan, gaar ahaan deegaanada Jabuuti , Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya , Waqooyi Bari Kenya iyo meelo badan oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah<ref name="Mwv2">[https://books.google.com/?id=JQlJAQAAIAAJ Mundus, Volumes 23-24 Wissenschaftliche Verl. 1987]</ref>. Lahjada Maay waxaa looga hadlaa inta badan koonfurta soomaaliya qoraalkiisuna weli si rasmi ah layskuguma raacin. == Qoristii Far Soomaaliga == [[Far Soomaali]]ga waxaa la qoray Sanadkii 1972-kii. Af soomaaliga waxa lagu qoraa xuruufta laatiinka ka dib 11 sano markii la magacaabay guddigii Af Soomaaliga sanadkii 1961. Dood dheer ka dib, guddigu wuu talo gafay. Dowladii Kacaanka ayaa dib boorka uga jaftay guddiga waxaana muddo 2 sano ah lagu hirgeliay qorista iyo barashada Af Soomaaliga. 18 nooc oo far Soomaali loo damacsanayaa ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay af yaqaano kala duwan. Guddigii Af Soomaaliga ee shaqaynayay 1961 ilaa 1972 ayaa doortay fartii afyaqaan Shire Jaamac Axmed i taas oo horay uu ugu tijaabiyay buugaag, biirayaal bille ah sida "Iftiinka Aqoonta" iyada ay jireen tartan balaaran oo dhanka xaruufta Carabiga ah maadama Soomaalidu Quraanka ku barato Alif, Ba. Xaruufta Laatiinka waxaa loo door biday arimo dhaqaale, qalabkii wadanka yiil iyo asbaabo kale. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga iyo Qoristii Far Soomaaliga. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga ayaa lagu balaariyay tirada bulshada ee taqaan qorista iyo akhrinta Af Soomaaliga. Barnaamijyo kumanaan saacadood oo ka baxay idaahadaha Radio Hargaisa iyo Radio Mogadishu iyo barayaal 20,000 (labaatan kun) oo ay ku jiraan ardaydii dugsiyada sare ayaa u howl galay in aqoonta aas aaska ee bulshada laga qaado 2% lana gaarsiiyay 55% mar ay UNESCO baaris ku samaysay isbadalka uu ummada gaarsiiyay Ole Olihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga. Wakaalada Madbacada Qaranka, Tiyaatarka, Wakaalada Filimida iyo wasaarado badan ayaa ka qayb qaatay barnaamijka qorista iyo horumarinta Af Soomaaliga<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120228194910/http://www.baardheerepolytechnic.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=12 Bardera Polytechnic Languages Department Nuqul Archive]</ref> . Af soomaaligu waa af ka kooban erayo,tiraab iyo hawraar soomali ah oo ay kol kolka qaarkood ku darsamaan erayo carabi ama ingriisi ahi. Af Soomaligu waa luqadda ugu fudud qoraal ahaan iyo codeynba hase ahaatee ku hadliddeedu way adagtahay, kolka la barbardhigo afafka udunka qaar ka mida. == Far Soomaali == Qoriddii Af-soomaaliga waxa ka qayb qaatay Aqoonyahanno [[Soomaali]]yeed oo aad u fara badan. Xarfaha higgaadda Af-soomaaligu waa Shaqal 5 xaraf ka kooban iyo Shibbane 21 xaraf ah. Shibbane oo kala ah: * B T J X KH D R S SH DH C G F Q K L M N W H Y ama b t j x kh d r s sh dh c g f q k l m n w h y Shaqal oo kala ah - Shaqal gaab: * A E I O U ama a e i o u Shaqal dheer: * AA EE II OO UU ama aa ee ii oo uu <ref>hab qorka</ref> Afka Soomaaliga marka laga fiiriyo falalka waxay ku dhamaadaan, ayadoo loo eegayo amar ahaan waxa uu ku dhamaado ayaa waxaa suura gal ah in aay ku dhamaadaan kuwo kale sida fal amar ah oo ku dhamaado "o" da waxaa lagu bedelayaa "A" waxaana la raacshaa "SHO". Tusaale: baxsasho(baxso), dhimo(dhimasho), seexo(seexasho), fadhiiso(fadhiisasho). Sida la mooda waxaa kale oo jira falal ku dhamaada "N", kaa oo amar haan marka aan ka soo qaadno uu ku idlaado "Y" ama "I". Tusaale: xooji(xoojin), sii(siin), beer darey(beer dareyn). Waxaa laga reebaa kuwoo amar ahaan ku dhammaada "OOW", laakiin isu bedesho "AANSHO". Sida: jecloow(jeclaansho), ogoloow(ogolaansho). Hadii la fiirayo, meelaha ugu fudud waa tirooyinka: * 1 Kow = Koowaad * 2 Labo = Labaad * 3 Saddex = Saddexaad * 4 Afar = Afaraad * 5 Shan = Shanaad * 6 Lix = Lixaad * 7 Todobo = Todobaad * 8 Sideed = Sideedaad * 9 Sagaal = Sagaalaad * 10 Toban = Tobanaad * 20 Labaatan = Labaatanaad * 30 Sodon = Sodonaad * 40 Afartan = Afartanaad * 50 Konton = Kontonaad * 60 Lexdan = Lexdanaad * 70 Todbaatan = Todbaatanaad * 80 Sideetan = Sideetanad * 90 Sagaashan = Sagaashanaad * 100 Boqol * 1000 Kun * 1000000 Milyan Waxaa kale oo aan wax ka sheegi karnaa tilmaameyaasha. Ka soo qaad: kan (kaas), tan (taas), kuwan (kuwaas). Sidoo kale kama maaranno waxyaabaha aan albaab ahaan u balaqeyno ''(this is a pen)'' in aan u fasirno afkeena sidii la doono ayadoon ahayn(kan qalin waaye/kan waa qalin) * This = kan * Is = waaye/waa * Pen = qalin Laakiin (my pen) sideen u isticmaali karaa ma(kan qalin)baa? Jawaabtu waa may ee waa lays daba mariyaa (qalin + kan) * Aniga - kayga (qalinkan (this pen) waa (is) kayga (mine)) * Adiga - kaaga * Isaga - kiisa * Iyada - keeda * Anaga - keena * Idinka - kiina * Iyaga - kooda * Inaga - keena == Tirada [[Dad]]ka ku hadla Af-Soomaaliga == * Tirada dhabta ee dadka ku hadla Af-soomaaliga lama yaqaan, waxaase lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 19.65 Milyan oo qof kuwaas oo ku kala firarsan Caalamka, waxaana kaloo jira aragtiyo kale oo gaarsiiya ilaa 25 Milyan oo qof. {| class="wikitable" ! Français || Af-Soomaali || Italiano || Carabi |-- | terre || [[dhulka]]|| terra || ارض |-- | ciel || [[cir]]ka|| cielo || سماء |-- | eau || [[biyo]]|| acqua || ماء |-- | gens ||[[dad]]|| popolo || الناس |-- | garçon ||[[lab]]|| maschio || ذكر |-- | fille ||[[naag]]|| femmine || الإناث |-- | homme ||[[nin]]|| uomo || رجل |-- | femmes || [[dumar]]||donne || نساء |-- | manger ||[[cun]]|| mangiare || أكل |-- | je mange ||[[waan cunayaa]]|| io mangio || أنا آكل |-- | boire || [[cab]]|| bevi || شرب |-- | je bois || [[waan cabayaa]]|| io bevo || أشرب |-- | grand || [[wayn]]|| grande || عظيم |-- | petit || [[yar]]|| piccolo || صغير |-- | nuit || [[habeen]]|| sera/notte || ليل |- | jour || [[maalin]]|| giorno || يوم |} == Meelaha lagaga hadlo == * [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Soomaaliya]]. * [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|25px]] [[Jabuuti]]. * [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|25px]] [[Somaliland]] * [[File:North Eastern State of Somalia.jpg|25px]] [[Waqooyibari]] * [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kiinya]]. * [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|25px]] [[Itoobiya]]. * [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|25px]] [[Yamen]]. *[[Ingiriiska]] iyo sidoo kale waddamada caalamka oo dhan, afka soomaaliga waxaa kale oo ku hadlo dad badan oo asal ahaan soomaali eheen, qaarkood weeba ku heesaan. ''' somali - english - turkish aniga - I - ben adiga - you - sen isaga - he - o iyada - she - o anaga - we - biz adinka - you - siz iyaga - they - onlar. qaybaha falalka(ficilada) soomaaaliga: kuwo ku dhamaado ..-id,..-asho,..-aansho,..-n sida afka soomaaliga hadaan tusaalooyin ka bixino: '''fal dhacay''' (aniga == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Farta laatiinka]] * [[Farta Cismaaniya]] * [[Lahjadaha looga hadlo Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== [[Category:Afafka]] qxmt1m24gg1ay7t98l0cqlpc7k09aur 304830 304828 2026-08-11T07:41:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ Sized yar 304830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Macluumaad luqadda |name=Soomaaliya |nativename={{lang|so|Af-Soomaali}}<br />{{lang|ar|اللغة الصومالية}} |states=[[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Kiinya]], [[Itoobiya]] |speakers = {{sigfig|23.774850|2}} milyan | date = 2019–2024 |ref = <ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007</ref> |familycolor=Afro-Asiatic |fam2=[[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitik]] |fam3=[[Geeska Afrika|Bariga Deegaanad Hoose]] |fam4=[[Soomaali|Somali-Weyn]] |fam5=[[Af-soomaali]] |nation= {{SOM}}<br/>{{flag|Somaliland}}<br/>{{ETH}}<br/>{{DJI}} (qaranka) | minority = {{KEN}} |iso1=so |iso2=som |iso3=som |script=[[Far Soomaali|Latin]] (Rasmi), [[Farta Carabiga]], [[Farta Cismaaniya]], [[Farta Borama|Borama]], [[kadariya]] |map= |mapcaption=Meelaha la gaga hadlo Soomaaliga |notice=IPA }} {{dhaqanka soomaaliya}} '''Af-Soomaali''' waa luqad [[Afro-Aasiyatik]] ah oo ay leedahay laanta [[Kushiitik]] . Waxay afka hooyo u tahay [[Soomaalida]] ku nool dhulka [[Soomaaliweyn]] iyo qurbo joogta Soomaaliyeed. Afka Soomaaliga waa afka rasmiga ee [[Soomaaliya]]<ref>[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution_Text_only_Eng_IJSLL.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland, November 10, 2019]</ref> , luqadda qaranka [[Jabuuti]] , iyo luqad ka shaqeeysa gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida Itoobiya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Woqooyi Bari, Kiinya|Waqooyi Bari Kenya]]. Afka Soomaaliga wuxuu si rasmi ah ugu qoran yahay xarfaha [[Laatiin]]ka. [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|660px|Daabacadaha Af-Soomaaliga<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada…]</ref>]] ==Kala sooca== Afka Soomaaliga waxaa lagu kala soocay gudaha kushitiga ee laanta Afro aasiyatiga; gaar ahaan, Dhulka bariga hoose ee kushitik oo ay weheliso [[Af-Cafari|canfarta]] iyo [[Af saho|Saho]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa luuqadda Kushiitiga ee si fiican loo diiwaangeliyay<ref>Lewis, I. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press|1998|</ref>, oo leh daraasado aqooneed oo afka ah oo ku qootoma dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad. == Juquraafiga == Afka Soomaaliga waxaa ku hadla Soomaalida ku nool dalka Soomaaliya , Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Yemen , Kenya , iyo qurba joogta Soomaalida . Waxaa sidoo kale ku hadlo dad tiro yar oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee ku sugan agagaarkaas. Afka Soomaaliga ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu wayn kushitiga marka laga reebo afka Oromada<ref name="s3">Saciid, John (1999). Soomaali . Amsterdam: John Benjaminamiiniyada.</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo [[2016]], waxaa jiray dad gaaraayo ku dhawaad ​​36.6 milyan oo qof oo ku hadla af soomaaliga, oo kala degan dhulka soomaali wayn, taas oo ku dhawaad ​​15 milyan ay ku noolyihiin Soomaaliya <ref>[[ethnologue:som|Somali, ]][[SIL International]]<span>, 2013</span></ref>. Afka waxaa ku hadla qiyaastii 95% dadka dalka deggan, iyo sidoo kale inta badan dadweynaha Jabuuti. Ka dib bilowgii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya horaantii 1990meeyadii, qurbo-joogta ku hadasha Af-soomaaliga ayaa korortay, iyadoo bulshooyinka cusub ee ururada Soomaalida ay ka samaysmeen qaybo ka mid ah [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Yurub]] .<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/som Somali]</ref> ===Luqada rasmiga ah=== Dastuur ahaan, Af-Soomaaliga iyo Carabiga waa labada af ee rasmiga ka ah Soomaaliya<ref>[http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=20130124010543 }}</ref>. Af soomaaliga waxay ahayd luuqad rasmi oo qaran tan iyo bishii Janaayo [[1973]], markii [[Golaha Kacaanka]] (SRC) uu ku dhawaaqay inay tahay luqadda koowaad ee maamulka iyo waxbarashada [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] . Afka Soomaaliga ayaa markaas ka dib loo aas aasay inuu yahay luuqadda ugu weyn ee waxbarashada tacliinta ee foomamka 1 illaa 4 , ka dib shaqadii diyaarinta ee ay magacaabeen Guddiga Afka Soomaaliga ee ay dawladdu u magacowday. Markii dambe waxaa la ballaariyey in lagu daro dhammaan foomamka 12da ah [[1979]]. Sanadkii 1972, golahii kacaanka waxay qaadatay xuruuf [[Farta laatiinka|laatiini]] ah oo noqonaayo mid rasmi oo qaran oo badalaayo dhowr xuruuf oo markaa la adeegsan jiray. Sidoo kale, wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee ku hadla afka Talyaaniga ee Xiddigta Oktoobar ("Stella d'Ottobre") ayaa dhalasho ahaan loo bixiyay , oo loogu magac daray Xiddigta Oktoobar , waxayna bilaabeen daabacashada af Soomaaliga. Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho ee [[Radio Muqdisho]] ayaa sidoo kale af soomaaliga ku baahinaayay tan iyo [[1943]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadaha dadweynaha ee gobolka raadiyaasha iyo tv'yada barnaamijyada ee sii daayaan oo ku baxo af soomaaliga. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inuu yahay luqadda rasmiga ah ee shaqada ee Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya<ref name="Llicuv">[https://books.google.com/books?id=PNEiAQAAMAAJ Kizitus Mpoche, Tennu Mbuh, eds., Language, literature, and identity, 2006, Cuvillier]</ref>. In kasta oo aysan luqada ka ahayn af rasmi ah dalka Jabuuti, haddana waxay halkaas ka dhigtaa luqad qaran oo weyn. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa looga isticmaalaa telefishanka iyo idaacadaha raadiyaha<ref name="Ethndjib">[http://www.ethnologue.com/country/DJ/languages Ethnologue - Djibouti]</ref>, Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho [[Raadiyo Jabuuti]] ayaa barnaamijyada iyo idaacadaha ku sii gudbinaayay luuqadda tan iyo 1943 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay. Hay'adda Warbaahinta Kenya ayaa iyadana ku hadasha Afka Soomaaliga gaar ahaan barnaamijyadooda Iftin FM. Afsoomali waxaa looga hadlaa Waqooyi Bari Kenya<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g2xHqL7Eyo Afka Soomaaliga]</ref>. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa nidaaminaya [[Akademiyada Afka Soomaaliga ee Gobolka]] , oo ah hay'ad dawladeed oo laga asaasay magaalada [[Jabuuti]] bishii Juun [[2013]] , waxa ay wadaagaan dawladaha Jabuuti, Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya. Waxaa si rasmi ah loogu xilsaaray ilaalinta afka soomaaliga<ref name="Crslalid">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150121105039/http://www.comesaria.org/site/en/news_details.php?chaine=regional-somali-language-academy-launched-in-djibouti&id_news=17578&id_article=119. Regional Somali Language Academy Launched in Djibouti COMESA Regional Investment Agency, 28 February 2014, Nuqul Archive]</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, Afka Soomaaligu sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah luqadaha muuqda ee laga heli karo [[Google Translate]] .<ref name="Gtniel">[http://googletranslate.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/google-translate-now-in-80-languages.html Google Translate - now in 80 languages, Google Translate, 10 December 2013]</ref> ==Lahjadaha af Soomaaliga== Afka soomaaliga wuxuu u kala baxaa labo qeybood oo waaweyn: [[Af maxaatiri]] iyo [[Af maay]]. Afka woqooyiga soomaaliga ama af maxaa tiri<ref name="Lamberti">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171011132341/http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/3034/1/Map%20of%20the%20Somali%20Dialects%20in%20the%20Somali%20Democratic%20Republic.pdf Map of Somali dialects in the Somalia Democratic Republic, Lamberti Marcello, 1986, H. Buske]</ref>waa af Halbeega Soomaaliyeed ee cilmiga iyo culuunta lagu barto ahna kan qoran. waxay aas aaska u noqotaa heerka Soomaaliga. Waxaa ku hadla in ka badan 85% bulshada soomalida oo dhan, gaar ahaan deegaanada Jabuuti , Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya , Waqooyi Bari Kenya iyo meelo badan oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah<ref name="Mwv2">[https://books.google.com/?id=JQlJAQAAIAAJ Mundus, Volumes 23-24 Wissenschaftliche Verl. 1987]</ref>. Lahjada Maay waxaa looga hadlaa inta badan koonfurta soomaaliya qoraalkiisuna weli si rasmi ah layskuguma raacin. == Qoristii Far Soomaaliga == [[Far Soomaali]]ga waxaa la qoray Sanadkii 1972-kii. Af soomaaliga waxa lagu qoraa xuruufta laatiinka ka dib 11 sano markii la magacaabay guddigii Af Soomaaliga sanadkii 1961. Dood dheer ka dib, guddigu wuu talo gafay. Dowladii Kacaanka ayaa dib boorka uga jaftay guddiga waxaana muddo 2 sano ah lagu hirgeliay qorista iyo barashada Af Soomaaliga. 18 nooc oo far Soomaali loo damacsanayaa ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay af yaqaano kala duwan. Guddigii Af Soomaaliga ee shaqaynayay 1961 ilaa 1972 ayaa doortay fartii afyaqaan Shire Jaamac Axmed i taas oo horay uu ugu tijaabiyay buugaag, biirayaal bille ah sida "Iftiinka Aqoonta" iyada ay jireen tartan balaaran oo dhanka xaruufta Carabiga ah maadama Soomaalidu Quraanka ku barato Alif, Ba. Xaruufta Laatiinka waxaa loo door biday arimo dhaqaale, qalabkii wadanka yiil iyo asbaabo kale. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga iyo Qoristii Far Soomaaliga. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga ayaa lagu balaariyay tirada bulshada ee taqaan qorista iyo akhrinta Af Soomaaliga. Barnaamijyo kumanaan saacadood oo ka baxay idaahadaha Radio Hargaisa iyo Radio Mogadishu iyo barayaal 20,000 (labaatan kun) oo ay ku jiraan ardaydii dugsiyada sare ayaa u howl galay in aqoonta aas aaska ee bulshada laga qaado 2% lana gaarsiiyay 55% mar ay UNESCO baaris ku samaysay isbadalka uu ummada gaarsiiyay Ole Olihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga. Wakaalada Madbacada Qaranka, Tiyaatarka, Wakaalada Filimida iyo wasaarado badan ayaa ka qayb qaatay barnaamijka qorista iyo horumarinta Af Soomaaliga<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120228194910/http://www.baardheerepolytechnic.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=12 Bardera Polytechnic Languages Department Nuqul Archive]</ref> . Af soomaaligu waa af ka kooban erayo,tiraab iyo hawraar soomali ah oo ay kol kolka qaarkood ku darsamaan erayo carabi ama ingriisi ahi. Af Soomaligu waa luqadda ugu fudud qoraal ahaan iyo codeynba hase ahaatee ku hadliddeedu way adagtahay, kolka la barbardhigo afafka udunka qaar ka mida. == Far Soomaali == Qoriddii Af-soomaaliga waxa ka qayb qaatay Aqoonyahanno [[Soomaali]]yeed oo aad u fara badan. Xarfaha higgaadda Af-soomaaligu waa Shaqal 5 xaraf ka kooban iyo Shibbane 21 xaraf ah. Shibbane oo kala ah: * B T J X KH D R S SH DH C G F Q K L M N W H Y ama b t j x kh d r s sh dh c g f q k l m n w h y Shaqal oo kala ah - Shaqal gaab: * A E I O U ama a e i o u Shaqal dheer: * AA EE II OO UU ama aa ee ii oo uu <ref>hab qorka</ref> Afka Soomaaliga marka laga fiiriyo falalka waxay ku dhamaadaan, ayadoo loo eegayo amar ahaan waxa uu ku dhamaado ayaa waxaa suura gal ah in aay ku dhamaadaan kuwo kale sida fal amar ah oo ku dhamaado "o" da waxaa lagu bedelayaa "A" waxaana la raacshaa "SHO". Tusaale: baxsasho(baxso), dhimo(dhimasho), seexo(seexasho), fadhiiso(fadhiisasho). Sida la mooda waxaa kale oo jira falal ku dhamaada "N", kaa oo amar haan marka aan ka soo qaadno uu ku idlaado "Y" ama "I". Tusaale: xooji(xoojin), sii(siin), beer darey(beer dareyn). Waxaa laga reebaa kuwoo amar ahaan ku dhammaada "OOW", laakiin isu bedesho "AANSHO". Sida: jecloow(jeclaansho), ogoloow(ogolaansho). Hadii la fiirayo, meelaha ugu fudud waa tirooyinka: * 1 Kow = Koowaad * 2 Labo = Labaad * 3 Saddex = Saddexaad * 4 Afar = Afaraad * 5 Shan = Shanaad * 6 Lix = Lixaad * 7 Todobo = Todobaad * 8 Sideed = Sideedaad * 9 Sagaal = Sagaalaad * 10 Toban = Tobanaad * 20 Labaatan = Labaatanaad * 30 Sodon = Sodonaad * 40 Afartan = Afartanaad * 50 Konton = Kontonaad * 60 Lexdan = Lexdanaad * 70 Todbaatan = Todbaatanaad * 80 Sideetan = Sideetanad * 90 Sagaashan = Sagaashanaad * 100 Boqol * 1000 Kun * 1000000 Milyan Waxaa kale oo aan wax ka sheegi karnaa tilmaameyaasha. Ka soo qaad: kan (kaas), tan (taas), kuwan (kuwaas). Sidoo kale kama maaranno waxyaabaha aan albaab ahaan u balaqeyno ''(this is a pen)'' in aan u fasirno afkeena sidii la doono ayadoon ahayn(kan qalin waaye/kan waa qalin) * This = kan * Is = waaye/waa * Pen = qalin Laakiin (my pen) sideen u isticmaali karaa ma(kan qalin)baa? Jawaabtu waa may ee waa lays daba mariyaa (qalin + kan) * Aniga - kayga (qalinkan (this pen) waa (is) kayga (mine)) * Adiga - kaaga * Isaga - kiisa * Iyada - keeda * Anaga - keena * Idinka - kiina * Iyaga - kooda * Inaga - keena == Tirada [[Dad]]ka ku hadla Af-Soomaaliga == * Tirada dhabta ee dadka ku hadla Af-soomaaliga lama yaqaan, waxaase lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 19.65 Milyan oo qof kuwaas oo ku kala firarsan Caalamka, waxaana kaloo jira aragtiyo kale oo gaarsiiya ilaa 25 Milyan oo qof. {| class="wikitable" ! Français || Af-Soomaali || Italiano || Carabi |-- | terre || [[dhulka]]|| terra || ارض |-- | ciel || [[cir]]ka|| cielo || سماء |-- | eau || [[biyo]]|| acqua || ماء |-- | gens ||[[dad]]|| popolo || الناس |-- | garçon ||[[lab]]|| maschio || ذكر |-- | fille ||[[naag]]|| femmine || الإناث |-- | homme ||[[nin]]|| uomo || رجل |-- | femmes || [[dumar]]||donne || نساء |-- | manger ||[[cun]]|| mangiare || أكل |-- | je mange ||[[waan cunayaa]]|| io mangio || أنا آكل |-- | boire || [[cab]]|| bevi || شرب |-- | je bois || [[waan cabayaa]]|| io bevo || أشرب |-- | grand || [[wayn]]|| grande || عظيم |-- | petit || [[yar]]|| piccolo || صغير |-- | nuit || [[habeen]]|| sera/notte || ليل |- | jour || [[maalin]]|| giorno || يوم |} == Meelaha lagaga hadlo == * [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Soomaaliya]]. * [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|25px]] [[Jabuuti]]. * [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|25px]] [[Somaliland]] * [[File:North Eastern State of Somalia.jpg|25px]] [[Waqooyibari]] * [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kiinya]]. * [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|25px]] [[Itoobiya]]. * [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|25px]] [[Yamen]]. *[[Ingiriiska]] iyo sidoo kale waddamada caalamka oo dhan, afka soomaaliga waxaa kale oo ku hadlo dad badan oo asal ahaan soomaali eheen, qaarkood weeba ku heesaan. ''' somali - english - turkish aniga - I - ben adiga - you - sen isaga - he - o iyada - she - o anaga - we - biz adinka - you - siz iyaga - they - onlar. qaybaha falalka(ficilada) soomaaaliga: kuwo ku dhamaado ..-id,..-asho,..-aansho,..-n sida afka soomaaliga hadaan tusaalooyin ka bixino: '''fal dhacay''' (aniga == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Farta laatiinka]] * [[Farta Cismaaniya]] * [[Lahjadaha looga hadlo Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== [[Category:Afafka]] rugkyh6xk1t5ujfkib2oo10rzti1mzc 0 4367 304719 304669 2026-08-10T14:16:18Z Abdidheer 46894 Waxaan cusboaysiiyay maabka iyo goobaha ay degaan beesha Siwaaqroon, iyadoo lagu kordhiyay magaalooyinka rasmiga ah iyo gobollada ay ku badan yihiin si xogta maqaalku u noqoto mid dhamaystiran oo sarraysa. 304719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Siwaaqron <br> صواخرون <hr/> <small> Darod Somali Clan |image =[[File:Aluula district.png|130px|Aluula_district]] [[File:DJI 0548-2.jpg|130px|DJI_0548-2]] |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = Other [[majeerteen]] [[harti]] [[Daarood]] |flag=|regions='''Ethnicity''' [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|30px|Flag_of_Somalia]] '''Region''' [[File:Flag of Raas Caseyr State.svg|30px|Flag_of_Raas_Caseyr_State]] [[Sanaag]] [[Raas-Caseyr]], [[Puntland]], [[Somalia]]|pop1=|region1=Bosaaso, Caluula, Xaafuun, Ceerigaabo laasasurad, Carta-bari,|flag_caption=}} '''Siwaaqroon''' ({{lang-en|''Siwaqron''}}); huseen Talareer Siwaqroon waa beel ka mid ah majeerteen (sub-clan) majeerteen waxey Beeshu dektaa puntland, gobolka Bari, Raas Casayr, Cape Guardafui (Gardafu), gobolka Sanaag, Jubbada Hoose, Kismaayo iyo dalalka Yemen iyo Oman Beeshu waxey caan ku tahay Xadaarada ganacsiga, Beesha Siwaqroon waxeey degaan degmooyinka ugu qadiimsan Soomaliya ee dhaca labada badood, bada gacanka cadmeed iyo badwaynta hindiya Guardafui. ==Xuseen (Siwaaqroon)== Xuseen (Siwaqroon) waxaa uu u kala baxaa sidaan:- Xuseen Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay labo (2) 1) Mohamed Siwaaqroon. Iyo 2) Nuuh Siwaaqroon ==Mohamed Siwaaqroon== Mohammed Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay Daa’uud Daa’uud wuxuu dhalay labo 2 Muse Daaud iyo Ahmed Daaud (Gahayle) Axmed Daaud (Gahayle) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Max'ed (Gumaroon) Xasan (Abroone) Max'ed (Gumaroon) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Xaamud (Gumaroon) R.Dacar Xasan (Gumaroon) Xaamud (Gumaroon) R.Dacar wuxuu dhalay: Saciid Xaamud Xasan (Gumaroon) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Cawl Xasan R.Carab iyo Cigaal Xasan Xasan (Abroone) wuxuu dhalay 7: * Cisman Xasan * Yuusuf * Rooble Xasan * Aadan * Cali * Yoonis * Daahir Cisman Xasan wuxuu dhalay: Cali Xasan Rooble Xasan wuxuu dhalay: Cawlyahan Rooble. ==Nuuh Siwaaqroon== Nuuh Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay 2 Dhaadaar Nuuh Abdiraxman Nuuh Abdirahmaan Nuuh wuxuu dhalay 3. Aadan Abdiraxman Abokor Abdiraxman Oday ma’arke Abdiraxman Aadan Abdiraxmaan wuxuu dhalay Abdisamed Abdisamed wuxuu dhalay 4 Ibrahim Abdisamad. Liiban Abdisamad Yoonis Abdisamad. Mohamud Abdisamad Abokor Abdiraxman wuxuu dhalay Cawlyahan Cawlyahan wuxuu dhalay 4 Ciise Cawlyahan Jibriil Cawlyahan Yuusuf Cawlyahan (reer Beeldaaje) Hashim Cawlyaha Beesha Siwaqroon waxeey ka qeyb gashay la dagaallanka gumeystayaasha Talyaaniha Burtuqiiska iyo Ingiriiska. ==DADKA CAANKA AH== EE KADHASHAY BEELWAYNTA SIWAAQROON:''' # '''Halgamaa Cumar Samatar:''' Halgamaa cumar samatar waxa uu ku dhashay dagmada caluula ee gobolka Bari [[soomaaliya]] sanadii 1905 halkaas oo uu kuso bar baaray wax barashadiisii asaasiga ahna kusoo qaatay, halgamaa Cumar Samatar waxa uu ahaa Abaanduulihii ciidamadii Cali Yuusuf Keenadiid ee Hobyo, ilaa yaraantiisii waxa uu aad u jeclaa sidii uu dhulkiisa u difaaci lahaa oo gumaysihii xiligaas [[soomaaliya]] kusoo duulay uga xoran lahaa waana tan ku kaliftay in isaga oo dhalinyaro ah bilaabo halganka gumaysi ladirika ah. mudo kadib halgamagu waxa uu usoo wareegay gobolada dhexe ee somalia halkaas oo ahayd meeshi uu kabilaaby halganka gumaysi ladirika ah dagaaalkii ugu horeeyay ee dhexmara cumar iyo talyaaniga waxa uu dhacay 09/november/1925 waxaana jabwayn soo gaaray gumaystaha lagana qabsaday dagmada ceel buur iyo toolooyin hoos yimaada. 20 bidhii 11 isla sanadkii 1925 dagaal lagu hoobtay oo ka dhacay meel u dhaxaysa degaanka budh-budh iyo dagmada buula burde ayaa waxa halgamayaasha u suuro gashay in ay dagaalkaas ku dhilaan horjoogihii ciidanka gumaystaha oo lagu magacaabi jiray (lieutenant colonel splendorelli), inkastoo halganku socday mudo 6 bilood ah hadana dagaaladaas isdaba jooga ahaa waxaa gumaystaha kasoo gaaray jab aad u xun waxaan gacantiisa ka baxay dhulal badan oo uu gumaysanaayay. mudo kadib talyaanigu waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu kataqaluso ciidanki uu halgamaa cumar hogaaminayay, halgamaaguna wa uu u baxsaday wadanka [[ethopia]] oo dagaal kula jirtay talyaaniga. inkastoo aaysan dadka somaliyeed wax badan kalasocon taariikhda halgamaaga hadana goobaha taariikhiga ah ee halgamaaga loogu magacdaray waxaa ka mid ah iskuulka weyn ee magaalada [[Galkayo]] cumar samatar secondary school (CSSS) Xiriirka wada mideeyay cumar iyo [[Ethopia]] waxa uu ahaa in ay lawada dagaalamayeen gumaystihii talyaaniga waana arinta keentay in halgamaagu uu taageero saanadee ka helo boqortooydii xiligaas itoobiya katalinaysay, sido murkii uu soo dhaaday halganku waxaa halgamaaga loogu magacdaray jaamacado kuyaala [[Ethiopia]] iyo meelo kale oo halbowle u ah bulshada. # Wasiir Aadan Maxamed Cali : Waa Wasiir Hore Dawladi Maxamed Siyaad Bare. Wuxuuna Ahaa Wasiirkii Ugu Xilka Dheeraa oo soo qabtay wasaarado kaladuwan. # Beeldaaje Ismaaciil Beeldaaje Yaasiin: Beeldaajaha Guud Ee Cal Bari # Col. Saalax Xaashi Carab: Kornaylku wuxuu derejooyin sare ka soo qabtay ciidankii Badda ee Dawladdii Soomaaliyeed burburka ka hor. Burburkiina wuxuu ka mid ah dadkii juhdiga badan geliyay dib u xasilinta Soomaaliya. Wuxuu qoray buugag dhaxal u ah Soomaalida oo ka qoray aqoonta Badda Soomaalida iyo cilmi-baarisyadii uu ku sameeyay mudadii oo hoggaaminayay ciidanka. Waxaase xusid leh buugga ugu weyn ee Qaamuuska Soomaalida oo loo yaqaan Illeeye. Waa buug lagu aruuriyay ilaa 50,000 oo erey iyo macluumaad qaamuuseed kale oo muhiim u ah Soomaalida. Waa qaamuus ibbo-furay xuruuf kale oo labanlaabma oo aan ahayn intii hore ee la isla qaatay. <ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Siwaaqroon}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category: Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category: Soomaali]] <references /> [[Category:Siwaaqroon]] fjs4vy812texcgjuelbh0j6tkinv9j2 304722 304719 2026-08-10T14:18:22Z Abdidheer 46894 304722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Siwaaqron <br> صواخرون <hr/> <small> Darod Somali Clan |image =[[File:Aluula district.png|130px|Aluula_district]] [[File:DJI 0548-2.jpg|130px|DJI_0548-2]] |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = Other [[majeerteen]] [[harti]] [[Daarood]] |flag=|regions='''Ethnicity''' [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|30px|Flag_of_Somalia]] '''Region''' [[File:Flag of Raas Caseyr State.svg|30px|Flag_of_Raas_Caseyr_State]] [[Sanaag]] [[Raas-Caseyr]], [[Puntland]], [[Somalia]]|pop1=|region1='''Bosaaso, Caluula, Xaafuun, Ceerigaabo laasasurad, Carta-bari,'''|flag_caption=}} '''Siwaaqroon''' ({{lang-en|''Siwaqron''}}); huseen Talareer Siwaqroon waa beel ka mid ah majeerteen (sub-clan) majeerteen waxey Beeshu dektaa puntland, gobolka Bari, Raas Casayr, Cape Guardafui (Gardafu), gobolka Sanaag, Jubbada Hoose, Kismaayo iyo dalalka Yemen iyo Oman Beeshu waxey caan ku tahay Xadaarada ganacsiga, Beesha Siwaqroon waxeey degaan degmooyinka ugu qadiimsan Soomaliya ee dhaca labada badood, bada gacanka cadmeed iyo badwaynta hindiya Guardafui. ==Xuseen (Siwaaqroon)== Xuseen (Siwaqroon) waxaa uu u kala baxaa sidaan:- Xuseen Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay labo (2) 1) Mohamed Siwaaqroon. Iyo 2) Nuuh Siwaaqroon ==Mohamed Siwaaqroon== Mohammed Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay Daa’uud Daa’uud wuxuu dhalay labo 2 Muse Daaud iyo Ahmed Daaud (Gahayle) Axmed Daaud (Gahayle) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Max'ed (Gumaroon) Xasan (Abroone) Max'ed (Gumaroon) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Xaamud (Gumaroon) R.Dacar Xasan (Gumaroon) Xaamud (Gumaroon) R.Dacar wuxuu dhalay: Saciid Xaamud Xasan (Gumaroon) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Cawl Xasan R.Carab iyo Cigaal Xasan Xasan (Abroone) wuxuu dhalay 7: * Cisman Xasan * Yuusuf * Rooble Xasan * Aadan * Cali * Yoonis * Daahir Cisman Xasan wuxuu dhalay: Cali Xasan Rooble Xasan wuxuu dhalay: Cawlyahan Rooble. ==Nuuh Siwaaqroon== Nuuh Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay 2 Dhaadaar Nuuh Abdiraxman Nuuh Abdirahmaan Nuuh wuxuu dhalay 3. Aadan Abdiraxman Abokor Abdiraxman Oday ma’arke Abdiraxman Aadan Abdiraxmaan wuxuu dhalay Abdisamed Abdisamed wuxuu dhalay 4 Ibrahim Abdisamad. Liiban Abdisamad Yoonis Abdisamad. Mohamud Abdisamad Abokor Abdiraxman wuxuu dhalay Cawlyahan Cawlyahan wuxuu dhalay 4 Ciise Cawlyahan Jibriil Cawlyahan Yuusuf Cawlyahan (reer Beeldaaje) Hashim Cawlyaha Beesha Siwaqroon waxeey ka qeyb gashay la dagaallanka gumeystayaasha Talyaaniha Burtuqiiska iyo Ingiriiska. ==DADKA CAANKA AH== EE KADHASHAY BEELWAYNTA SIWAAQROON:''' # '''Halgamaa Cumar Samatar:''' Halgamaa cumar samatar waxa uu ku dhashay dagmada caluula ee gobolka Bari [[soomaaliya]] sanadii 1905 halkaas oo uu kuso bar baaray wax barashadiisii asaasiga ahna kusoo qaatay, halgamaa Cumar Samatar waxa uu ahaa Abaanduulihii ciidamadii Cali Yuusuf Keenadiid ee Hobyo, ilaa yaraantiisii waxa uu aad u jeclaa sidii uu dhulkiisa u difaaci lahaa oo gumaysihii xiligaas [[soomaaliya]] kusoo duulay uga xoran lahaa waana tan ku kaliftay in isaga oo dhalinyaro ah bilaabo halganka gumaysi ladirika ah. mudo kadib halgamagu waxa uu usoo wareegay gobolada dhexe ee somalia halkaas oo ahayd meeshi uu kabilaaby halganka gumaysi ladirika ah dagaaalkii ugu horeeyay ee dhexmara cumar iyo talyaaniga waxa uu dhacay 09/november/1925 waxaana jabwayn soo gaaray gumaystaha lagana qabsaday dagmada ceel buur iyo toolooyin hoos yimaada. 20 bidhii 11 isla sanadkii 1925 dagaal lagu hoobtay oo ka dhacay meel u dhaxaysa degaanka budh-budh iyo dagmada buula burde ayaa waxa halgamayaasha u suuro gashay in ay dagaalkaas ku dhilaan horjoogihii ciidanka gumaystaha oo lagu magacaabi jiray (lieutenant colonel splendorelli), inkastoo halganku socday mudo 6 bilood ah hadana dagaaladaas isdaba jooga ahaa waxaa gumaystaha kasoo gaaray jab aad u xun waxaan gacantiisa ka baxay dhulal badan oo uu gumaysanaayay. mudo kadib talyaanigu waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu kataqaluso ciidanki uu halgamaa cumar hogaaminayay, halgamaaguna wa uu u baxsaday wadanka [[ethopia]] oo dagaal kula jirtay talyaaniga. inkastoo aaysan dadka somaliyeed wax badan kalasocon taariikhda halgamaaga hadana goobaha taariikhiga ah ee halgamaaga loogu magacdaray waxaa ka mid ah iskuulka weyn ee magaalada [[Galkayo]] cumar samatar secondary school (CSSS) Xiriirka wada mideeyay cumar iyo [[Ethopia]] waxa uu ahaa in ay lawada dagaalamayeen gumaystihii talyaaniga waana arinta keentay in halgamaagu uu taageero saanadee ka helo boqortooydii xiligaas itoobiya katalinaysay, sido murkii uu soo dhaaday halganku waxaa halgamaaga loogu magacdaray jaamacado kuyaala [[Ethiopia]] iyo meelo kale oo halbowle u ah bulshada. # Wasiir Aadan Maxamed Cali : Waa Wasiir Hore Dawladi Maxamed Siyaad Bare. Wuxuuna Ahaa Wasiirkii Ugu Xilka Dheeraa oo soo qabtay wasaarado kaladuwan. # Beeldaaje Ismaaciil Beeldaaje Yaasiin: Beeldaajaha Guud Ee Cal Bari # Col. Saalax Xaashi Carab: Kornaylku wuxuu derejooyin sare ka soo qabtay ciidankii Badda ee Dawladdii Soomaaliyeed burburka ka hor. Burburkiina wuxuu ka mid ah dadkii juhdiga badan geliyay dib u xasilinta Soomaaliya. Wuxuu qoray buugag dhaxal u ah Soomaalida oo ka qoray aqoonta Badda Soomaalida iyo cilmi-baarisyadii uu ku sameeyay mudadii oo hoggaaminayay ciidanka. Waxaase xusid leh buugga ugu weyn ee Qaamuuska Soomaalida oo loo yaqaan Illeeye. Waa buug lagu aruuriyay ilaa 50,000 oo erey iyo macluumaad qaamuuseed kale oo muhiim u ah Soomaalida. Waa qaamuus ibbo-furay xuruuf kale oo labanlaabma oo aan ahayn intii hore ee la isla qaatay. <ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Siwaaqroon}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category: Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category: Soomaali]] <references /> [[Category:Siwaaqroon]] kq6qoely8k1v3j39x15h4dzlp0hoyht 0 4827 304809 304622 2026-08-10T23:54:24Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 304809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Baakistan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Iran.svg|189px]]<S>[[Persia]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15._.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Cusmaan gaazi]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Romania]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million³ |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Baakistan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Romania]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} kttbblbts43fjdr7eep0tgeuuif2u0y 100 11243 304812 212550 2026-08-11T04:56:44Z Service1991 46782 /* */ 304812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|all|Bogga Hore|.}} <center> {| align="center" style="background:#F7F7F7; border-style:solid; margin: 20px 0; border-width:1px; border-color:#000000; -webkit-border-radius: 8px;-moz-border-radius: 8px;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 85%;" |<div align="center"> Tirada maqaalada hadda ku jira ee [[Wikipedia]] [[Soomaaliga]] kuna saabsan [[Soomaaliya]] waa : '''{{Tirada Maqaallada ee Portalka}}''' Maqaal.<br /> {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|15px]] <big>Soomaaliya</big> [[file:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]]|Portal:Soomaaliya/Hardhac|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Hardhac}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Soomaaliya|Dheeraad ku saabsan Soomaaliya...]]}} <div style="float:left; width:60%;"> <!-- biloowga qotinka bidix balaciisu waa 60%--> {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Writing star.svg|20px]] Maqaal Gaar Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Maqaal Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Maqaal Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Maqaal Xul Ah/Kaydka|Maqaalo Kale...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Tux Paint city.svg|20px]] Magaalo Xul Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Mgaalo Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Magaalo Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Magaalo Xul Ah/Kaydka|Magaalooyin Kale...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Featured article collaboration.svg|20px]] Shaqsi Xul Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Shaqsi Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Shaqsi Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Shaqsi Xul Ah/Kaydka|Shaqasiyaad Kale...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Wikimedia logo family complete 2009.svg|20px]] Mashaariicda Bahwadaagta la ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Wikimedia|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wikimedia}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} </div> <div style="float:left; width:39%"> <!-- qotinka midig waxa uu soo baxayaa 39%, si wadartu unoqoto 99% qotin. --> {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Bluebg_rounded_croped.png|20px]] Ma Ogtahay...|Portal:Soomaaliya/Ma Ogtahay|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Ma Ogtahay}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Ma Ogtahay/Kaydka|Dheeraad...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Featured picture.png|20px]] Sawiro Xul Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Sawiro Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Sawiro Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Sawiro Xul Ah/Kaydka|Dheeraad...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Nuvola apps ksig.png|20px]] Oraah Xul Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Oraah Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Oraah Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Oraah Xul Ah/Kaydka|dheeraad...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Vesti-ikona.svg|20px]] Wararka Soomaaliya|Portal:Soomaaliya/Warar|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Warar}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Wararka/Kaydka|Warar Kale...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Héraldique meuble Molette.svg|15px]] Qaybaha|Portal:Soomaaliya/Category|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Category}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} </div> <div style="float:center; width:100%"> {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|Template|Portal:Soomaaliya/Template|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Template}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|Portal Bahwadaag|Portal:Soomaaliya/Bahwadaag|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Bahwadaag}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|Bortal kale|Template:Portals|}} {{Hooyga Maqaalada}} ---- <center>{{Purgepage|Hagaaji Bogga}}</center> __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} </div> [[Category:Portals|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Portal Soomaaliya |*]] [[Category:Soomaaliya]] 5nvy29zrno80r3y9vixquboh2cr0okw 304829 304812 2026-08-11T07:35:43Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Service1991|Service1991]] ([[User talk:Service1991|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] 212550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Divbox|Style|Bogga Hore|.}} <center> {| align="center" style="background:#F7F7F7; border-style:solid; margin: 20px 0; border-width:1px; border-color:#000000; -webkit-border-radius: 8px;-moz-border-radius: 8px;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 85%;" |<div align="center"> Tirada maqaalada hadda ku jira ee [[Wikipedia]] [[Soomaaliga]] kuna saabsan [[Soomaaliya]] waa : '''{{Tirada Maqaallada ee Portalka}}''' Maqaal.<br /> {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|15px]] <big>Soomaaliya</big> [[file:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]]|Portal:Soomaaliya/Hardhac|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Hardhac}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Soomaaliya|Dheeraad ku saabsan Soomaaliya...]]}} <div style="float:left; width:60%;"> <!-- biloowga qotinka bidix balaciisu waa 60%--> {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Writing star.svg|20px]] Maqaal Gaar Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Maqaal Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Maqaal Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Maqaal Xul Ah/Kaydka|Maqaalo Kale...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Tux Paint city.svg|20px]] Magaalo Xul Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Mgaalo Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Magaalo Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Magaalo Xul Ah/Kaydka|Magaalooyin Kale...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Featured article collaboration.svg|20px]] Shaqsi Xul Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Shaqsi Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Shaqsi Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Shaqsi Xul Ah/Kaydka|Shaqasiyaad Kale...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Wikimedia logo family complete 2009.svg|20px]] Mashaariicda Bahwadaagta la ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Wikimedia|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wikimedia}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} </div> <div style="float:left; width:39%"> <!-- qotinka midig waxa uu soo baxayaa 39%, si wadartu unoqoto 99% qotin. --> {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Bluebg_rounded_croped.png|20px]] Ma Ogtahay...|Portal:Soomaaliya/Ma Ogtahay|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Ma Ogtahay}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Ma Ogtahay/Kaydka|Dheeraad...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Featured picture.png|20px]] Sawiro Xul Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Sawiro Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Sawiro Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Sawiro Xul Ah/Kaydka|Dheeraad...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Nuvola apps ksig.png|20px]] Oraah Xul Ah|Portal:Soomaaliya/Oraah Xul Ah|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Oraah Xul Ah}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Oraah Xul Ah/Kaydka|dheeraad...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Vesti-ikona.svg|20px]] Wararka Soomaaliya|Portal:Soomaaliya/Warar|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Warar}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|[[Portal:Soomaaliya/Wararka/Kaydka|Warar Kale...]]}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|[[file:Héraldique meuble Molette.svg|15px]] Qaybaha|Portal:Soomaaliya/Category|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Category}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} </div> <div style="float:center; width:100%"> {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|Template|Portal:Soomaaliya/Template|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Template}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|Portal Bahwadaag|Portal:Soomaaliya/Bahwadaag|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Bahwadaag}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Top of page|Bortal kale|Template:Portals|}} {{Hooyga Maqaalada}} ---- <center>{{Purgepage|Hagaaji Bogga}}</center> __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {{:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Footer|}} </div> [[Category:Portals|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Portal Soomaaliya |*]] [[Category:Soomaaliya]] 8m622cdy9bsbnzssud3ku990fdy3plq 0 13299 304808 256501 2026-08-10T17:11:51Z ~2026-43596-84 46874 304808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gumud}} [[File:Saldanada Daraawiish - Daraawiish Sultanate.png|thumb|]] [[File:Caasimad darwiish.png |thumb|Caasimadaha Daraawiishta]] Magac: Garaadtooyada Daraawiish Garaad: [[Diiriye Guure]] (ku sime Garaad) Hoggaamiye: Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan Abbaanduule: Ismaaciil Mire Madaxa Sirdoonka : Cigayoon-Hawiye (baadicade La mid ah: Muuse Taagane, Xirsiwaal Cashuur, Xasan Gaagguf, Aaden Udaweyne, Abshir Dhoore iqk Waqti: 1898- 1920 (Jannaayo) Caasimad: Taleex , Hoos taga: Degmo Taleex <br />Garaadtooyada Daraawiishtu wuxuu dareenkooda kiciyey dhallinyaro intii u dhexaysey sannadihii 1898kii iyo 1900kii. Markiiba waxay weerar xammasaadaysan ku bilaabeen ciidanka Itoobiya ee Soomaali Galbeed. Ciidamada Itoobiyaanka waa laga guulaystay sidaasna Daraawiish ayaa ku heshay guushoodii ugu horreysey. Hoggaamiyeyaasha Daraawiishtu waxay markaa ku dhawaaqeen in gumaysiga Ingriisku yahay cadowgooda. Si loo soo afjaro Ingiriisku wuxuu adeegsaday istiraatiijiyad qaybsanaan iyo xukun ah wuxuu raadiyey qabaa'illada degaanka ee aan Daraawiish ku qanacsanayn inay noqdaan shuraako isbahaysi oo ka soo horjeeda. Ingiriisku wuxuu siiyay qabaa'ilka hub iyo sahay, wuxuu ku kiciyey dagaal beeleed dhex mara. Ingiriiska ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay weerarro toos ah intii u dhaxeysay 1900 iyo 1904 si meesha looga saaro ururkaas. Goobahaas waxaa ugu caansanaa Jidbaale, Daraawiish ayaa lagu jabiyey Sayidkuna wuxuu ka tiriyey gabaygiisa caanka ah ee uu ulu barooranayo rag badan oo reer Caligeri ahaa kuwaasoo iyaga iyo ubadkooda iyo hantooodaba la waayey. Halgankii ‘Daraawiish’ wuxuu si ku meel gaar ah u abuuray qaab [[reer Darwiish]], oo ah "nidaamka maamul-wanaagga" horraantii qarnigii 20aad kaasoo leh xuduudo qoqob ah iyo isbeddelka dadka; wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah garaadtooyada ugu dhiigga badnaa uguna dheeraa ee (koox is-abaabusha) oo ka dagaallamaha Saxaraha Hoose ee Afrika muddadii gumeysiga. Wuxuu ahaa dagaal u dhexeeya dhinacyo kala duwan - gaar ahaan, waxaa isaga soo horjeeday Daraawiish oo dhinac ah, Ingiriiska iyo qabaa'ilka qaarkiis. tobannaan sano ayaa lagu laayey ku dhowaad ​​seddex meelood meel dadka dega Khaatumo, waxaa burburay dhaqaalihii (mood iyo nool). Aqoonyahannada ayaa siyaabo kala duwan u turjuma soo bixitaankii iyo dumintii garaadtooyadaas [[reer Darwiish]]. Qaarkood waxay u tixgeliyaan halgan waddaniyadeed, kuwa kale waxay ku tixgeliyaan xiisad dhaqaale oo ku kacday qaab nololeedka reer-guuraaga "saadaalinta gumeysiga": (inuu hantidooda ka qaadanayo), fekerkaa ayaa kiciyey dadka marka danbe Daraawiishta asaasaya halka taariikhyahannada casriga ahi ay sheegeen in diinta iyo wadaninimadu ay ugu weyneyd wixii ay Daraawiishtu u dagaallantay. Sida ay dad badani qabaan wuxuu ahaa halgankii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 20aad kaasoo lagu tilmaami karo “soo noolaynta gobannimada”. Qaarkood waxay [[Diiriye Guure|Sayid Maxamed]] u tixgeliyaan inuu yahay aasaasaha waddaniyadda casriga ah ee Soomaalida, qaar kalena waxay u arkaan inuu ahaa wadaad mayal adag oo aan la garan karin ujeedkiisa Dhaxalka muuqda ee ururkaasi waa, magaca Daraawiish oo loo bixiyey ciidankii xuduudaha ee dawladdii Kacaanka iyo ciidamada gudaha ee dawladgoboleedyada maanta jira. Taallooyin Hoggaamiyihii ururkaas oo magaalooyinka soomaalida qaarkood looga dhisay, garoomada dayuuradaha ee magaalooyinka Kismaayo iyo Buuhoodle oo lagu kala magaacabay Sayid Maxamed iyo Ismaaciil Mire iyo Buugga Taariikhdii Daraawiishta ee Sh. Jaamac Cumar Ciise. Garaadtooyada Darwiish (Somali: Daraawiish Kingdom) waxay ahayd Garaadtooyo caan ah intii u dhaxaysay 1899 ilaa 1920, kaas oo uu hogaaminayay Saalixiya Suufi Muslim gabyaa iyo hogaamiyihii dagaalyahanka ahaa ee Mohammed Abdullah Hassan oo loo yaqaanay Sayid Maxamed, kaas oo ku baaqay iin ay waarto boqortooyada Nugaaleed ee gumaystayaashii Ingiriiska iyo Talyaaniga ka hor jeeday. gtg18om68kz02aiw2u4zva782xc1rdd 0 17064 304814 201949 2026-08-11T05:03:31Z Service1991 46782 Changes are made 304814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|Somalia|somali}} '''Soomaali''' waxay noqon kartaa: * [[Badda Soomaaliyeed]] * Dhamaan wixii la xidhiidha wadanka [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaalida]], dadka u dhashay ama asal ahaan ka soo jeeda deegaanada Soomaaliya * [[Af-Soomaali]], luuqad ka mid ah Kushitiga * [[Cunto Soomaali]], cunto dhaqanka dadka Soomaalida * [[Dhaqan Soomaali]], dhaqanka iyo sooyaalka bulshada * [[Bisad Soomaali]], nooc ka mid ah bisadaha * [[Soomaali Galbeed]], gobol ka tirsan wadanka Itoobiya ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *{{raadi|Soomaali}} *[[Jabuuti]] {{commons|Category:Somalia templates}} {{Portal bar|Qowmiyadda Soomaalida}} 0rlpo9ny10kuicyogbdpoj3gfqj5q1b 304827 304814 2026-08-11T07:35:18Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Service1991|Service1991]] ([[User talk:Service1991|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Sidhan hilakul|Sidhan hilakul]] 201949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wiktionary|Somali|somali}} '''Soomaali''' waxay noqon kartaa: * [[Badda Soomaaliyeed]] * Dhamaan wixii la xidhiidha wadanka [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaalida]], dadka u dhashay ama asal ahaan ka soo jeeda deegaanada Soomaaliya * [[Af-Soomaali]], luuqad ka mid ah Kushitiga * [[Cunto Soomaali]], cunto dhaqanka dadka Soomaalida * [[Dhaqan Soomaali]], dhaqanka iyo sooyaalka bulshada * [[Bisad Soomaali]], nooc ka mid ah bisadaha * [[Soomaali Galbeed]], gobol ka tirsan wadanka Itoobiya ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *{{raadi|Soomaali}} *[[Jabuuti]] {{commons|Category:Somalia templates}} {{Portal bar|Qowmiyadda Soomaalida}} t6xlg96ngowswqe35gf2zik7e0yrh9b 0 18359 304818 282173 2026-08-11T05:36:30Z Service1991 46782 Changes are made 304818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|Soomaaliya}} [[File:Ogaden_History.png|220x124px|thumb|right|alt=1890s Somalia|Somali1890]] '''Taariikhda''' ama '''sooyaalka''' '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|''History of Somalia''}}; {{lang-ar|تاريخ الصومال}} {{transl|ar|''aṣ-Ṣūmāl''}}), sida dowliga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyada Federalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-so|''Federal Republic of Somalia''}}, {{lang-ar|جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية}} {{transl|ar|''Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fideraaliya''}}) wakhtiyadii hore loo yaqaanay '''[[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]]''', waa wadan dhaca [[Geeska Afrika]].<ref>John Kenrick, ''Phoenicia'', (B. Fellowes: 1855), p. 199.</ref><ref>Jeanne Rose, John Hulburd, ''The aromatherapy book: applications & inhalations'', (North Atlantic Books: 1992), p. 94.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Charnan|first=Simon|title=Explorers of the Ancient World|year=1990|publisher=Childrens Press|isbn=0-516-03053-1|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCf_fBfS5xUC}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Society for Nautical Research|journal=The Mariner's Mirror|year=1984|volume=66–71|page=261|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjJVAAAAYAAJ|title=The Mariner's mirror|author2=Society For Nautical Research (London|first3=England)}}</ref> Saddexda dalxoreeyeyaal ama halyeyaal ugu weyn uu bayaxawda Soomaaliya soo ifbixiyay waxaa ka mid ah: *[[Rasul ibn Cali]], ee wadanka [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] ka difaacay duulaanka [[Burtuqaal]] *[[Garad Dhaweyd]], ee wadanka [[Gaashaanbuursiga Isimtooyada Maqdi]] ka difaacay duulaanka Xabashada iyo Burtuqaal *[[Imaam Axmed Guray]], ee wadanka [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ka difaacay duulaanka Xabashada *[[Diiriye Guure|Garad Diiriye Guure]], ee gobolka Nugaal, ama Darwiish, ama Khatumo ka difaacay duulaanka [[Boqortooyada Imbiraadooriyada Ingiriiska]] ==Taariikhda qadiimi ah== Dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu weligiisba ahaa xarun dhexe oo maamusha ganacsiga qeybo badan oo dunida ka mid ah,<ref>John Kenrick, ''Phoenicia'', (B. Fellowes: 1855), p. 199.</ref><ref>Jeanne Rose, John Hulburd, ''The aromatherapy book: applications & inhalations'', (North Atlantic Books: 1992), p. 94.</ref> Intasi waxaa dheer, waxaa deegaanka Soomaalidu ahayd mid wax soo saar leh; xaga beeraha, xoolaha iyo kheyraad kale oo dunida inteeda kale ka manaafacaadsato.<ref>{{cite book|last=Charnan|first=Simon|title=Explorers of the Ancient World|year=1990|publisher=Childrens Press|isbn=0-516-03053-1|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCf_fBfS5xUC}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Society for Nautical Research|journal=The Mariner's Mirror|year=1984|volume=66–71|page=261|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjJVAAAAYAAJ|title=The Mariner's mirror|author2=Society For Nautical Research (London|first3=England)}}</ref> Siday ay isku raaceen in badan oo taariikhyano ah, [[Geeska Afrika]] wuxuu xidhiidh la lahaa [[Masar|Boqortooyadii Faraaciyiinta]] wakhti imika laga joogo ilaa 3,000 sano,<ref>Christine El Mahdy, ''Egypt : 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life'', (Raincoast Books: 2005), p.297.</ref> kuwaasi oo ganacsi toos ah la lahaa meelo badan oo ka mid tahay [[Saylac]] iyo [[Puntland|Dhulka uduga]] (Puntland).<ref>Stefan Goodwin, ''Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent'', (Lexington Books: 2006), p. 48.</ref> ==Taariikhda Diiriye Guure ka hor== [[File:LaasGeel.jpg|thumb|Dhagax ku xusan [[Farshaxan Soomaali|farshaxankii hore]] oo laga helay [[Laas Geel]].]] Dhulka Soomaalya waxaa uu ahaa mid dadku degan yihiin inka badan 10,000 sano [[C.H|Ciise Hortii]], wakhtigaasi oo dadku intooda u badan ahaayeen duurgaleen dhaqda beeraha iyo xoolaha.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Robertshaw|title=A History of African Archaeology|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=VuEZAAAAYAAJ|year=1990|publisher=J. Currey|isbn=978-0-435-08041-9|page=105}}</ref> Sidaasi ay tahay waxaa jirtay xadaar tartiib isku soo taraysay; oo waxaa la sheegay in dadkaasi ay lahaayeen xidhiidhyo ganacsi xoolaha iyo dhirta ah; iyo weliba cilaaqaad xog dheer oo ku salaysan maamul iyo horumar.<ref>{{cite j=ournal|title=Early Holocene Mortuary Practices and Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in Southern Somalia|jstor=124524|pmid=16470993|pages=40–56|author=S. A. Brandt|volume=20|issue=1|journal=World Archaeology|year=1988|doi=10.1080/00438243.1988.9980055}}</ref> ==Bilawgii xadaarada soomaliyeed== Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtiyadii dhexe waxaa soo shaacbaxay boqortooyooyin Soomaali ah kuwaasi oo ku salaysan beelo iyo deegaan. [[Saldanadii Cadal]], [[Saldanada Geledi]], [[Saldanadii Warsangali]] iyo [[Saldanadii Majeerteen]] waxay ka mid yihiin kuwa ugu awooda badnaa ee wakhtiyadii dhexe ka ariminayay deegaanka Soomaalida. Dhamaan boqortooyooyinkani waxay horumar ku sameeyeen xidhiidhka ganacsi iyo siyaasadeed ee mandaqada Geeska Afrika la lahayn dunida inteeda kale.<ref>{{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}}.</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xadaaradihii ugu horeeyay waxaa ka mid ah [[Farshaxan Soomaali|farshaxanka]], beeraha, xoolo-dhaqashada iyo maamulo yaryar oo ku salaysan beelo ama deegaan. Deegaanka [[Laas Geel]] oo ah meel u dhow magaalada [[Hargeysa]], waqooyigalbeed Soomaaliya waxaa uu ka mid yahay taariikhda qadiimiga ah, waxaana lagu qiyaasay in uu farshaxankaasi jiro ilaa 5,000 sano.<ref name="Bakano">{{cite news|last=Bakano|first=Otto|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw?docId=CNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1|title=Grotto galleries show early Somali life|agency=AFP|date=April 24, 2011|accessdate=11 May 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=30 Bisha Afraad 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430102432/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw?docId=CNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ===Badmareenkii Hore=== [[Taariikhda Badmareenka Soomaalida]] waa taariikhda dadka [[baxaari]]ga ee u dhashay ama asal ahaan ka soo jeeda wadanka iyo [[dadka Soomaalida]].<ref>Charles Geshekter, "Somali Maritime History and Regional SubCultures: A Neglected Theme of the Somali Crisis</ref> Sida lagu sheegay buugaag badan oo taariikhi ah, dadka Soomaalida ahi waxay tan iyo wakhtiyo hore ahaayeen kuwo ku safra [[bad]]aha waaweyn ee caalamka, ayagoo u socdaalaya sababo kala duwan, sida [[ganacsi]], [[aqoon]]raadis, dalxiis, iyo kuwo kale. Boqortooyooyin badan iyo maamulo ka soo jiray gayiga Soomaaliya ayaa waxay dhiseen noocyo badan oo [[markab|maraakiib]], [[dooni|doonyo]] iyo qalab lagu safro. Kuwa ugu caansanaa waxaa ka mid ah: * [[Saylac|Dekeda Saylac]]: oo lagu qiyaasay ineey jirtey in ka badan kun sano. * [[Muqdisho|Reer Xamar]]: ganacsatada reer Muqdisho ee u kala safri jirtey [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Hindiya]].<ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> ==Wakhtiyadii Dhexe== ==Qoraalo Kale== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Dadka Soomaalida]] * [[Geeska Afrika]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] 9jbt7iqvpmuzm6w8cay3tdes15bmgcx 304823 304818 2026-08-11T07:33:46Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Service1991|Service1991]] ([[User talk:Service1991|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 282173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} [[File:Ogaden_History.png|220x124px|thumb|right|alt=1890s Somalia|Somali1890]] '''Taariikhda''' ama '''sooyaalka''' '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|''History of Somalia''}}; {{lang-ar|تاريخ الصومال}} {{transl|ar|''aṣ-Ṣūmāl''}}), sida dowliga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyada Federalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-so|''Federal Republic of Somalia''}}, {{lang-ar|جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية}} {{transl|ar|''Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fideraaliya''}}) wakhtiyadii hore loo yaqaanay '''[[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]]''', waa wadan dhaca [[Geeska Afrika]].<ref>John Kenrick, ''Phoenicia'', (B. Fellowes: 1855), p. 199.</ref><ref>Jeanne Rose, John Hulburd, ''The aromatherapy book: applications & inhalations'', (North Atlantic Books: 1992), p. 94.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Charnan|first=Simon|title=Explorers of the Ancient World|year=1990|publisher=Childrens Press|isbn=0-516-03053-1|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCf_fBfS5xUC}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Society for Nautical Research|journal=The Mariner's Mirror|year=1984|volume=66–71|page=261|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjJVAAAAYAAJ|title=The Mariner's mirror|author2=Society For Nautical Research (London|first3=England)}}</ref> Saddexda dalxoreeyeyaal ama halyeyaal ugu weyn uu bayaxawda Soomaaliya soo ifbixiyay waxaa ka mid ah: *[[Rasul ibn Cali]], ee wadanka [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] ka difaacay duulaanka [[Burtuqaal]] *[[Garad Dhaweyd]], ee wadanka [[Gaashaanbuursiga Isimtooyada Maqdi]] ka difaacay duulaanka Xabashada iyo Burtuqaal *[[Imaam Axmed Guray]], ee wadanka [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ka difaacay duulaanka Xabashada *[[Diiriye Guure|Garad Diiriye Guure]], ee gobolka Nugaal, ama Darwiish, ama Khatumo ka difaacay duulaanka [[Boqortooyada Imbiraadooriyada Ingiriiska]] ==Taariikhda qadiimi ah== Dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu weligiisba ahaa xarun dhexe oo maamusha ganacsiga qeybo badan oo dunida ka mid ah,<ref>John Kenrick, ''Phoenicia'', (B. Fellowes: 1855), p. 199.</ref><ref>Jeanne Rose, John Hulburd, ''The aromatherapy book: applications & inhalations'', (North Atlantic Books: 1992), p. 94.</ref> Intasi waxaa dheer, waxaa deegaanka Soomaalidu ahayd mid wax soo saar leh; xaga beeraha, xoolaha iyo kheyraad kale oo dunida inteeda kale ka manaafacaadsato.<ref>{{cite book|last=Charnan|first=Simon|title=Explorers of the Ancient World|year=1990|publisher=Childrens Press|isbn=0-516-03053-1|page=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCf_fBfS5xUC}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Society for Nautical Research|journal=The Mariner's Mirror|year=1984|volume=66–71|page=261|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjJVAAAAYAAJ|title=The Mariner's mirror|author2=Society For Nautical Research (London|first3=England)}}</ref> Siday ay isku raaceen in badan oo taariikhyano ah, [[Geeska Afrika]] wuxuu xidhiidh la lahaa [[Masar|Boqortooyadii Faraaciyiinta]] wakhti imika laga joogo ilaa 3,000 sano,<ref>Christine El Mahdy, ''Egypt : 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life'', (Raincoast Books: 2005), p.297.</ref> kuwaasi oo ganacsi toos ah la lahaa meelo badan oo ka mid tahay [[Saylac]] iyo [[Puntland|Dhulka uduga]] (Puntland).<ref>Stefan Goodwin, ''Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent'', (Lexington Books: 2006), p. 48.</ref> ==Taariikhda Diiriye Guure ka hor== [[File:LaasGeel.jpg|thumb|Dhagax ku xusan [[Farshaxan Soomaali|farshaxankii hore]] oo laga helay [[Laas Geel]].]] Dhulka Soomaalya waxaa uu ahaa mid dadku degan yihiin inka badan 10,000 sano [[C.H|Ciise Hortii]], wakhtigaasi oo dadku intooda u badan ahaayeen duurgaleen dhaqda beeraha iyo xoolaha.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Robertshaw|title=A History of African Archaeology|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=VuEZAAAAYAAJ|year=1990|publisher=J. Currey|isbn=978-0-435-08041-9|page=105}}</ref> Sidaasi ay tahay waxaa jirtay xadaar tartiib isku soo taraysay; oo waxaa la sheegay in dadkaasi ay lahaayeen xidhiidhyo ganacsi xoolaha iyo dhirta ah; iyo weliba cilaaqaad xog dheer oo ku salaysan maamul iyo horumar.<ref>{{cite j=ournal|title=Early Holocene Mortuary Practices and Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in Southern Somalia|jstor=124524|pmid=16470993|pages=40–56|author=S. A. Brandt|volume=20|issue=1|journal=World Archaeology|year=1988|doi=10.1080/00438243.1988.9980055}}</ref> ==Bilawgii xadaarada soomaliyeed== Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtiyadii dhexe waxaa soo shaacbaxay boqortooyooyin Soomaali ah kuwaasi oo ku salaysan beelo iyo deegaan. [[Saldanadii Cadal]], [[Saldanada Geledi]], [[Saldanadii Warsangali]] iyo [[Saldanadii Majeerteen]] waxay ka mid yihiin kuwa ugu awooda badnaa ee wakhtiyadii dhexe ka ariminayay deegaanka Soomaalida. Dhamaan boqortooyooyinkani waxay horumar ku sameeyeen xidhiidhka ganacsi iyo siyaasadeed ee mandaqada Geeska Afrika la lahayn dunida inteeda kale.<ref>{{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}}.</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xadaaradihii ugu horeeyay waxaa ka mid ah [[Farshaxan Soomaali|farshaxanka]], beeraha, xoolo-dhaqashada iyo maamulo yaryar oo ku salaysan beelo ama deegaan. Deegaanka [[Laas Geel]] oo ah meel u dhow magaalada [[Hargeysa]], waqooyigalbeed Soomaaliya waxaa uu ka mid yahay taariikhda qadiimiga ah, waxaana lagu qiyaasay in uu farshaxankaasi jiro ilaa 5,000 sano.<ref name="Bakano">{{cite news|last=Bakano|first=Otto|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw?docId=CNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1|title=Grotto galleries show early Somali life|agency=AFP|date=April 24, 2011|accessdate=11 May 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=30 Bisha Afraad 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430102432/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw?docId=CNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ===Badmareenkii Hore=== [[Taariikhda Badmareenka Soomaalida]] waa taariikhda dadka [[baxaari]]ga ee u dhashay ama asal ahaan ka soo jeeda wadanka iyo [[dadka Soomaalida]].<ref>Charles Geshekter, "Somali Maritime History and Regional SubCultures: A Neglected Theme of the Somali Crisis</ref> Sida lagu sheegay buugaag badan oo taariikhi ah, dadka Soomaalida ahi waxay tan iyo wakhtiyo hore ahaayeen kuwo ku safra [[bad]]aha waaweyn ee caalamka, ayagoo u socdaalaya sababo kala duwan, sida [[ganacsi]], [[aqoon]]raadis, dalxiis, iyo kuwo kale. Boqortooyooyin badan iyo maamulo ka soo jiray gayiga Soomaaliya ayaa waxay dhiseen noocyo badan oo [[markab|maraakiib]], [[dooni|doonyo]] iyo qalab lagu safro. Kuwa ugu caansanaa waxaa ka mid ah: * [[Saylac|Dekeda Saylac]]: oo lagu qiyaasay ineey jirtey in ka badan kun sano. * [[Muqdisho|Reer Xamar]]: ganacsatada reer Muqdisho ee u kala safri jirtey [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Hindiya]].<ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> ==Wakhtiyadii Dhexe== ==Qoraalo Kale== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Dadka Soomaalida]] * [[Geeska Afrika]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] apmoxr0ppe96w2uqmnvwatrxv1q8uf7 0 20386 304816 266743 2026-08-11T05:10:32Z Service1991 46782 /* */ Changes are made 304816 wikitext text/x-wiki SOMALIA *[[Aadan Yabaal]] *[[Afurur]] *[[Caabudwaaq]] *[[Cadaado]] *[[Afgooye|Afgooye]]_* *[[Afmadow]]_* *[[Alol Lamma(Gad)]] *[[kamsuuma]] *[[Number 50]]_* *[[Buulo mareer]] *[[Baydhabo|Baydhabo]] *[[Balcad]]_* *[[Baalade]] *[[Ballidagaruen]] *[[janaale|balanballe]] *[[Bandiiradley]] *[[Baraawe|Baraawe]]_* *[[Bardhere]] *[[Beled Xaawo]] *[[Beledweyne]] *[[Belhanhumei]] *[[Buq aqable]] *[[Boholgaras]] *[[Boosaaso]]_* *[[Bu'aale]] *[[Bur Saalax]] *[[Burane]] *[[Burgaban]]_* *[[Burtinle]] *[[Burdhubo]]_* *[[Buurhakaba]] *[[Buurweyn]]_* *[[Camaaran]]_* *[[Ceelbuur|Ceelbuur]]_* *[[Ceeldheer]]_* *[[Cadale]]_* *[[Ceel-Baraf]] *[[Caadley]] *[[Cadadley]] *[[Ceel Huur]]_* *[[Ceel Cali]] *[[ceel cado]] *[[Colgula]] *[[Daharro]] *[[Dalweyn]] *[[Dhamasa]] *[[Dhuusamarreeb]] *[[Diinsoor]] *[[Docol]] *[[Doolow]] *[[Duulin Maaxato]] *[[Elgaimeddo]] *[[Elguriasamo]] *[[Eyl|Eyl]]_* *[[Faddhitehele]] *[[Gabaa|Gabaa]] *[[Galcad]]*('''Governer’s''')* *[[Galinsoor]] *[[Gaalkacyo]] *[[Gaacan]] *[[Garbahaarreey]] *[[Garoowe]] *[[Godaalo]] *[[Goldogob]] *[[Gosoweyna]] *[[Guriel]] *[[Haangale]] *[[Habo]] *[[Xaafuun]] *[[Xidda]] *[[Xarardheere]] *[[Hobyo]] *[[Xudur]] *[[Jamaame|Jamaame]]_* *[[Jariban]] *[[Juurile]] *[[Jilib]] *[[Jowhar|Jowhar]]_* *[[Jiingada]] *[[Jiifyarey]] *[[Jilyaale]] *[[Kulanxagay]] *[[Kismayo]] *[[Karin Bari]]_* *[[Lanwaley]] *[[Lazkibohol]] *[[Luugudeey]] *[[Luuq]] *[[Leego]] *[[Mukayle]] *[[Mahas]] *[[Matabaan]] *[[Mahadaay Weyn]]_* *[[Masagawaa]] *[[Miir taqwa]] *[[Merca]]_* *[[Mogadishu]]_*_* *[[Qandala]]_* *[[Qardho]]_* *[[Qaan Dhoole]] *[[Qansax dheere]] *[[Qeedi Haan]] *[[Qoryale]] *[[Qoryoley]] *[[Qosoltire]] * [[shalambood]] *[[Rako Raaxo]]_* *[[Ras Kamboni]] *[[Rigomane]] *[[Roox]]_* *[[Ruun Nirgood]] *[[Sarcade]] *[[Sarmanyo]]_* *[[Sheekh]] *[[Tile]] *[[Turdho]]_* *[[Waaciye]] *[[Wajid]] *[[Warsheikh]] *[[warshiikh]]_* *[[Wisil]] *[[Wobxo]]_* *[[Yalho]]_* *[[Ufayn]]_* *[[Tiyeegloow]] *Dolindooli-Bay {{colend}} ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool]] ==Xigasho== *[http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/somalia/ National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency - Geographical areas in Somalia] {{Degmooyinka Soomaaliya}} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya]] ou1m05bk3gbfuioeo49b5dxuv0irfp4 304825 304816 2026-08-11T07:34:41Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Service1991|Service1991]] ([[User talk:Service1991|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:102.217.123.229|102.217.123.229]] 266743 wikitext text/x-wiki Hoos waxaa ku xusan '''diwaanka [[caasimad]]aha iyo magaalooyinka ku yaala wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]'''. -_-__-_-_-__-_—_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_:. *[[Aadan Yabaal]] *[[Afurur]] *[[Caabudwaaq]] *[[Cadaado]] *[[Afgooye|Afgooye]]_* *[[Afmadow]]_* *[[Alol Lamma(Gad)]] *[[kamsuuma]] *[[Number 50]]_* *[[Buulo mareer]] *[[Baydhabo|Baydhabo]] *[[Balcad]]_* *[[Baalade]] *[[Ballidagaruen]] *[[janaale|balanballe]] *[[Bandiiradley]] *[[Baraawe|Baraawe]]_* *[[Bardhere]] *[[Beled Xaawo]] *[[Beledweyne]] *[[Belhanhumei]] *[[Buq aqable]] *[[Boholgaras]] *[[Boosaaso]]_* *[[Bu'aale]] *[[Bur Saalax]] *[[Burane]] *[[Burgaban]]_* *[[Burtinle]] *[[Burdhubo]]_* *[[Buurhakaba]] *[[Buurweyn]]_* *[[Camaaran]]_* *[[Ceelbuur|Ceelbuur]]_* *[[Ceeldheer]]_* *[[Cadale]]_* *[[Ceel-Baraf]] *[[Caadley]] *[[Cadadley]] *[[Ceel Huur]]_* *[[Ceel Cali]] *[[ceel cado]] *[[Colgula]] *[[Daharro]] *[[Dalweyn]] *[[Dhamasa]] *[[Dhuusamarreeb]] *[[Diinsoor]] *[[Docol]] *[[Doolow]] *[[Duulin Maaxato]] *[[Elgaimeddo]] *[[Elguriasamo]] *[[Eyl|Eyl]]_* *[[Faddhitehele]] *[[Gabaa|Gabaa]] *[[Galcad]]*('''Governer’s''')* *[[Galinsoor]] *[[Gaalkacyo]] *[[Gaacan]] *[[Garbahaarreey]] *[[Garoowe]] *[[Godaalo]] *[[Goldogob]] *[[Gosoweyna]] *[[Guriel]] *[[Haangale]] *[[Habo]] *[[Xaafuun]] *[[Xidda]] *[[Xarardheere]] *[[Hobyo]] *[[Xudur]] *[[Jamaame|Jamaame]]_* *[[Jariban]] *[[Juurile]] *[[Jilib]] *[[Jowhar|Jowhar]]_* *[[Jiingada]] *[[Jiifyarey]] *[[Jilyaale]] *[[Kulanxagay]] *[[Kismayo]] *[[Karin Bari]]_* *[[Lanwaley]] *[[Lazkibohol]] *[[Luugudeey]] *[[Luuq]] *[[Leego]] *[[Mukayle]] *[[Mahas]] *[[Matabaan]] *[[Mahadaay Weyn]]_* *[[Masagawaa]] *[[Miir taqwa]] *[[Merca]]_* *[[Mogadishu]]_*_* *[[Qandala]]_* *[[Qardho]]_* *[[Qaan Dhoole]] *[[Qansax dheere]] *[[Qeedi Haan]] *[[Qoryale]] *[[Qoryoley]] *[[Qosoltire]] * [[shalambood]] *[[Rako Raaxo]]_* *[[Ras Kamboni]] *[[Rigomane]] *[[Roox]]_* *[[Ruun Nirgood]] *[[Sarcade]] *[[Sarmanyo]]_* *[[Sheekh]] *[[Tile]] *[[Turdho]]_* *[[Waaciye]] *[[Wajid]] *[[Warsheikh]] *[[warshiikh]]_* *[[Wisil]] *[[Wobxo]]_* *[[Yalho]]_* *[[Ufayn]]_* *[[Tiyeegloow]] *Dolindooli-Bay {{colend}} ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool]] ==Xigasho== *[http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/somalia/ National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency - Geographical areas in Somalia] {{Degmooyinka Soomaaliya}} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya]] ed8qo81r75hmd985rvz416pfgy6p3rl 0 34243 304817 288039 2026-08-11T05:13:57Z Service1991 46782 Changes are made 304817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|Somalia}} ==1960== 181 Milyan Dollar ==1970== 323 Milyan dolar ==1980s== 780 Milyan dollar ==1990== 12 Bilyan dollar ==2000== 22 Bilyan dollar ==2010== 3 Bilyan dollar ==2020== 18.3 Bilyan dollar p50gbnsjhs1oa2axw3ft2r4a9k529h6 304824 304817 2026-08-11T07:34:15Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Service1991|Service1991]] ([[User talk:Service1991|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Nvdtn19|Nvdtn19]] 288039 wikitext text/x-wiki GDP: Somalia ==1960== 181 Milyan Dollar ==1970== 323 Milyan dolar ==1980s== 780 Milyan dollar ==1990== 12 Bilyan dollar ==2000== 22 Bilyan dollar ==2010== 3 Bilyan dollar ==2020== 18.3 Bilyan dollar doqshxxi2w1ol1mf9cjh03ghmmipwg4 0 36928 304811 304263 2026-08-11T04:53:57Z Service1991 46782 Changes are made 304811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soomaaliya''', sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]] waqooyi galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika. Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan, kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta . Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga . {{Infobox country | name = Somalia | common_name = Somalia | native_name = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}<br />{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}<br /> Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coa_size = 100 | languages2_type = Luuqada labaad | languages2 = [[Carabi]] | national_anthem = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}<br /><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]<br />{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Show globe|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Somalia|default=1}} | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Muqdisho]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] <ref name=MFA>{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Ali>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | religion = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)<ref name="factbook"/> <!-- check factbook references before changing! --> | demonym = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] <ref name="factbook"/> | government_type = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | leader_title2 = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]] | legislature = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]] | lower_house = Golaha Shacabka | sovereignty_type =Dhisidda | established_event1 = [[Dhul Udug]] | established_date1 = 2350 BC | established_event2 = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]] | established_date2 = 980 BC | established_event3 = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]] | established_date3 = 100 BC | established_event4 = [[Saldanadii Cadal]] | established_date4 = Qarniga 9aad <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> | established_event5 = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]] | established_date5 = Qarniga 10aad | established_event6 = [[Saldanadi Ifat]] | established_date6 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event7 = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] | established_date7 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event8 = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]] | established_date8 = Qarniga 16aad | established_event9 = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]] | established_date9 = 1695–1911 | established_event10 = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]] | established_date10 = 1648–1927 | established_event11 = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]] | established_date11 = 1878–1927 | established_event12 = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]] | established_date12 = 1749–1884 | established_event13 = [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] | established_date13 = 1884 | established_event14 = [[Mustacmarka Talyaani Soomaaliya|Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga]] | established_date14 = 1889 | established_event15 = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]] | established_date15 = 1 July 1960 | established_event16 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date16 = 1 Ogosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657<ref name="factbook"/> | area_rank = 43aad <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 19,280,850<ref name="data.humdata.org">{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 66aad | population_density_km2 = 27.2<ref name="WPP_2022">{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects |edition=online |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $34.118 bilyan<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Somalia – IMF DataMapper |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/SOM |website=imf.org |publisher=[[IMF]] |date=April 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = 147aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $8,965<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $91.174 bilyan<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = 145aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $1813<ref name="auto"/> | Gini = 36.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only-->0.65 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 162aad | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali|Soomaali shillin]] | currency_code = SOS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85% * [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15% }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="factbook"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 }} Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]] kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] . 1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen . Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya. Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay. Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] . Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida . Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho, iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal . Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho. Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP qofkiiba iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya Koonfurta Suudaan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta. Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika , Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Asalka erayga== Samaale, oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed, ayaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay halka uu ka soo jeedo magaca Soomaali. Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada "soo" iyo "maal", kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macnahoodu yahay "tag" iyo "caano". Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka, iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan "tag iyo caano" oo la xiriira caanaha geela, halka Soomaalida koonfureed ay adeegsadaan tarjumaadda "sa' maal" oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Aragtiyo kale ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid erey Carabi ah oo macnihiisu yahay "hodan", taas oo mar kale tilmaamaysa hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha. Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), oo ahayd koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka timid Masar hore, kuwaas oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus. Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masaariga, halka Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha "dhinaca bidixda"). Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad Miilaadiga ayaa tilmaamaya xeebaha waqooyiga Soomaaliya, oo markaas ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi-bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria, iyada oo loola jeedo dadka deggan Barbars (Kuushitik) ee deegaanka, sida Po-pa-li. Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee magaca Soomaalida wuxuu soo bilaabmay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad Miilaadiga xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I, kaas oo mid ka mid ah saraakiisha maxkamaddiisu qoray hees uu ugu dabaaldegayo guushii milatari ee ay ka gaareen Saldanadda Ifat. Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa magac Harari qadiimi ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed. Soomaalidu waxay si weyn u door bidaan ereyga "Soomaali" marka loo eego "Soomaaliga", maadaama kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay qaab laba-jibbaaran ah. Ereyga af-Soomaaliga marka laga eego juqraafi-siyaasadeed ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa dadka Horn of Africa, kuwaas oo ka tirsan qowmiyadda Kuush. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]] Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulka asalka ah") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay. Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib . ===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa=== [[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]] Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan. Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda. Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan. [[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]] Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka. Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. ===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== [[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]] Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Gacanka Gardafuu. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida. Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II, lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman, ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]] Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin "gacanta bidix") iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood. Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . Xilligii Ajuuraan Saldanada , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha Marka , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah. Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan . Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]] Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan. Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad, oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska. Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan. ===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika=== [[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]] Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe , Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya. Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen. Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi . Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Soomaali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad. Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan; Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889 [[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]] Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh , waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (" Soomaali-weyn ") sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925. [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]] Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo. Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Xabashida (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960. ===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)=== Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Soomaali (HDMS) iyo Ururka Qaranka Soomaalida (SNL) — gudaha Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood. British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960 [[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke & Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]] Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood. [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]] Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen, Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay. Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay Faransiiska Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub. Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib. Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey "haa" codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999). [[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]] 26 June 1960 -kii Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)=== ===Inqilaab=== 15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka. Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay. [[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]] Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya, waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas. Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974. Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti. Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. [[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]] Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii. Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan. Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Badbaadada Soomaaliyeed (SSDF), Golaha Soomaaliyeed ee Midowga (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Kooxda Manifeestada Soomaaliyeed (SMG). ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]] Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka. Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye . Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa "la'aanta" shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya . Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan. [[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay "Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]] In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda. 1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga. Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo " Qaran guuldarreystay . ===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah=== [[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad. Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday. 10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd. DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004. Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta. Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah. ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== [[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]] Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya. ===Dowladda Kumeeel Gaarka ah=== Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Soomaaliya ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. ===Falaagada Al-Shabaab=== Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah.  Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada.  29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah ===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka=== Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah . Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii. Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Hawlgalka Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor. [[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] Iyada oo qayb ka ah "Khariidadda Waddada Dhammaadka Ku meel gaarka" ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012 ===Dowladda Federaalka=== Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha ===2021-2023 abaar=== Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof. === Qalalaasihii dastuuriga ee 2024 === 30-kii Maarso 2024, isbeddello dastuuri ah oo taxane ah oo ay ansixisay [[Dowlada Federaalka Soomaaliya]] ayaa sababay khilaafyo lala galay qaar ka mid ah dowlad-goboleedyada federaalka, taas oo dhalisay xiisad siyaasadeed. Saddex ka mid ah lixda dowlad-goboleed ayaa ka laabtay aqoonsigii ay siinayeen awoodda dowladda federaalka, waxaana dagaallo maxalli ah oo [[Jubaland|Jubbaland]] iyo [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya|Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya]] ka dhacay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=Horn |title=Analysis of Somalia's constitution crisis |url=https://hornreview.org/2026/04/21/analysis-of-somalias-constitution-crisis/ |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=HORN REVIEW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=Somali army takes over key city in Southwest as state leader resigns |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/31/somali-army-takes-over-key-city-in-southwest-as-state-leader-resigns |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha . Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan "sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah". Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. [[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]] Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Maamulka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle . Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. ===Goobta=== {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | footer_align = left | image1 = Horn of africa.jpg | class1 = bg-transparent | image2 = ISS062-E-51247 - View of Earth.jpg | footer = Muuqaallo laga qaaday [[Geeska Afrika|Jasiiradda Soomaalida]] oo laga soo qaaday Dayax gacmeedka ''Columbia'' sannadkii 1993 (kor) iyo Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah sannadkii 2020 (hoose) }} Soomaaliya waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Marinka Gardafuul|Marinka Gardafuu]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya dhanka bari, iyo [[Itoobiya]] dhanka galbeed. Dalka wuxuu sidoo kale xuduud la leeyahay [[Jabuuti]]. Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhexeysa loolalka 2°S iyo 12°N, iyo dhigaha 41° iyo 52°E. Iyada oo si istaraatiiji ah ugu taalla afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee u dhexeeya [[Bada Cas]] iyo [[Kanaalka Suweys|Kanaalka Suweys]], dalku wuxuu ku yaallaa cirifka gobol u eg khariidadda [[Wiyil|geeska wiyisha]], taas oo inta badan loogu yeero [[Geeska Afrika]].<ref name="factbook"/><ref name="Hadden">Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102547/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science"]. Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center</ref> ===Biyaha=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya . [[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]] ===Degaan=== Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka . Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft). Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba. ===Deegaanka=== [[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]] Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Soomaaliya iyo Bulshada Deegaanka Soomaali, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero "soo jeedinta Soomaaliya" iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga . [[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]] Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya. Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah. Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero "dagaallada dhuxusha". Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada. Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka. Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta. Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]] Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "Xagaa"). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar. Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]] Soomaaliya waxaa ku nool naasley kala duwan, taas oo ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta dalka waxaa ka mid ah haramcadka, libaaxa, geriga, baboonka, servalka, maroodiga, doofaarka duurjoogta ah, cawska, kudu, dik-dik, oribi, dabada duurjoogta Soomaalida, reedbuck, zebra, maroodi-shrew iyo dhagax-dhagax. Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah waa noocyo ku faafa dalka, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama si kama' ah u yimaada. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi (Alaudidae), Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet. Xeebaha Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee kalluumeysiga noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoofka qaaradda ee cidhiidhiga ah balse wax-soo-saarka leh wuxuu ka kooban yahay noocyo badan oo kalluun-demersal ah iyo qolofley. Noocyada kalluunka si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli (Cirrhitidae), Symphurus fuscus (Cynoglossidae), Parapercis simulata (Pinguipedidae), Cociella somaliensis (Platycephalidae), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus (Pseudochromidae). Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Ku dhowaad kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes, Maska Garter-ka Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan (Platyceps messanai), mas diadem (Spalerosophis josephscorteccii), ciidda Soomaaliyeed, qorraxda gooryaanka xaglaha leh, qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, qorraxda ciidda Soomaaliyeed (Mesalina ama Eremias), gecko (Hemidactylus granchii), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore, iyo qorratada ciidda. Mas colubrid (Aprosdoketophis andreonei) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer (Haackgreerius miopus) waa noocyo si gaar ah ugu kooban Soomaaliya. ==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada== <!-- legislative leadership - executive leadership below -->{{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 350 | image1 = Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at Djiboutian presidential palace in Djibouti, Djibouti, September 24, 2023 - (cropped).jpg | caption1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br /><small>[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022</small> | image2 = Hamza Abdi Barre 2025 official portrait.jpg | caption2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]<br /><small>Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022</small> }} jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda . Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada. [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]] Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho, dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari . Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya ===Qaybaha maamulka=== {{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}} ​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),<ref name="factbook"/> kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa: {| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]] |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |- |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}} |} <small> * Lagu muransan yahay</small> <small> ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> <small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> ​<small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.<ref name="factbook"/> Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.<ref name="Frspc"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]] Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya . Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah. Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969. Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ===Milatari=== [[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida . Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda. Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA . Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.<ref name="Usthrs">{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,<ref name=Suehhrebubcp>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}</ref> wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Sasrracptrwvms">{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]] Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. ===Beeraha=== Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan. Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka [[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Daallo, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Jubba, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Afrikaan Express , Bariga Afrika 540, Xarunta Hawada Dhexe iyo Hajara. Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai ' Kooxda Lootah, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 fuudh) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada, biyaha macdanta, macmacaanka, bacaha, dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta, aluminium, furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo, doonyo kalluumeysi, oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit . ===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta=== [[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA). MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha. ===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah=== Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay. [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuuraaniyam , Bir ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey, halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta Yuuraaniyam. Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta=== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( Cufnaanta taleefannada ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah. Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Kooxda Golis Telecom, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom iyo Kooxda Somali Telecom. Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Telefishanka Universal . Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Ciyaaraha oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan Garoowe Onlayn , Wardheernews, iyo Boostada Puntland. Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada imaaraadka bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah. Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta. Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana . ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]] Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft). Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso. Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== {{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}} {|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}} |- ! style="background:#cfb;"|Sano ! style="background:#cfb;"|Milyan |- |style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|2.3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|9.0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}} |} Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo. Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed. Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah. 1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]] Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Iswidhan, Kanada, Norway, Nederland, Jarmalka, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Switzerland, Austria, Talyaaniga, iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo Buugga Xaqiiqooyinka Adduunka ee CIA . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn. Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka. Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005–2010 qiyaas ahaan.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo . Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. ===Luuqadaha=== Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga, qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada, Canfarta iyo Saho. Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor. [[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]] Af-Soomaaligu wuxuu u qaybsamaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi, Banaadir iyo Maayga. Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir, laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Soomaali caadi ah. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle (Raxanweyn) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland. Sanado badan ayaa habab qoris kala duwan loo adeegsaday qorista afka Soomaaliga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah alifbeetada Soomaaliga, oo ah tan ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, isla markaana noqotay qoraalka rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya tan iyo markii Golaha Sare ee Kacaanku si rasmi ah u hirgeliyay bishii Oktoobar 1972.<ref>Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain) ''Middle East annual review'' (1975) p. 229</ref> Qoraallo kale oo qarniyo badan loo adeegsanayay qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Carabiga iyo qoraalka Wadaadka. Habab qoraal oo asal ahaan Soomaaliyeed oo la sameeyay qarnigii 20-aad waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Cusmaaniya, qoraalka Borama iyo qoraalka Kaddare.<ref>{{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|pp=86–87}}.</ref> [[Carabi|Carabiga]], oo ah luqadda labaad ee Soomaaliya,<ref name="Frspc"/> waxaa ku hadla ku dhowaad hal milyan oo Soomaali ah<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{Cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060654/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=2 February 2020 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref> sababo la xiriira xiriirrada qarniyada badan jiray ee ay la leedahay Dunida Carabta, saameynta ballaaran ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta.<ref name="Dubnov">Helena Dubnov (2003) ''A grammatical sketch of Somali'', Kِppe, pp. 70–71.</ref><ref>Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor (1993) ''The Somalis: their history and culture'', Center for Applied Linguistics, p. 15.</ref><ref>Fiona MacDonald et al. (2000) ''Peoples of Africa'', Vol. 10, Marshall Cavendish, p. 178.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=((American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies)) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 |title=Area Handbook for Somalia |date=1969 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=235 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 December 2005 |title=Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide |url=http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-date=14 December 2006 |access-date=27 June 2010 |publisher=Mepc.org}}</ref><ref name="Abdullahi 2001 12">{{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=1}}.</ref> SIL Global waxay qiyaastaa tirada guud ee dadka ku hadla, iyadoo aan loo eegin heerka aqoontooda, inay ka badan tahay laba milyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages|title=Somalia|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> Waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqad cibaado maadaama uu yahay afka [[Qur'aan|Qur'aanka]]. Soomaalidu waxay bartaan akhriska iyo qorista Carabiga iyagoo da' yar. [[File:Arabic in Somalia Graph.png|thumb|280px|left|Qiyaasta aqoonta Carabiga ee dadka Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo la kala saarayo akhriska qoraalka Qur'aanka iyo ku hadalka Carabiga.<ref name="Salad2025">{{cite journal |last=Salad |first=Hussein Ahmed |title=Somali community perception on Arabic language |journal=Horn of Africa Journal of Social Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=50–60 |year=2025 |doi=10.70806/frz04z80}}</ref>]] [[Af-Ingiriis|Ingiriisiga]] si weyn ayaa looga hadlaa loona dhigaa. Wuxuu ahaan jiray luqad maamul xilligii maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska, waxaana sabab u ah caalamiyeynta uu hadda caan ka yahay guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Ingiriisigu waa luqadda waxbarashada ee jaamacado badan oo Soomaaliya ku yaalla, waana mid ka mid ah luqadaha shaqada ee ugu waaweyn hay'adaha aan dawliga ahayn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaaniga]] wuxuu ahaa luqad rasmi ah xilligii Somaliland Talyaaniga iyo muddadii wakiillimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisa aad ayuu hoos ugu dhacay kaddib xorriyadda. Hadda waxaa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dowladda, iyo dadka aqoonta leh. Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese, oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Bantu ee Sawaaxiliga oo laga hadlo xeebaha ay deggan yihiin dadka Bravanese, iyo Kibajuni, oo ah lahjad Sawaaxili ah oo ah afka hooyo ee kooxda qowmiyadeed ee laga tirada badan yahay ee Bajuni. {{clear}} ===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} ===Diinta=== {{bar box|float=right |title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010<ref name="Pew">{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}} {{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}} }} {{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}} '''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010''' Diinta Boqolkiiba Islaamka 99.8% Mid kale 0.2% [[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]] Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah zawiya ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada. Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew. Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof. Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta . ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]] Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn. Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray. Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka. Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6. Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka. Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah. Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn, warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali. Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere . ===Waxbarashada=== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho. Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada. [[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]] Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya . Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland Jaamacadda Teknolojiyadda iyo Jaamacadda Burco . Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cunto=== [[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]] Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy. Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda [[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]] Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa " Qahwo ". Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad . ===Muusiga=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codadka") ===Suugaanta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Kanadiyaan ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , "Qaranka Abwaanada " iyo "Qaranka Baadiyada ". Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya: Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada, nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan." ===Casri ah=== [[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]] Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta . Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami. Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Horyaalka Adduunka ee Bandy 2014. Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai . ===Dhismaha=== [[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]] Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah. Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade. Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Warbixin Soomaaliya]] ==Taariikh nololeed== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Diriye Abdullahi |first=Mohamed |author-link=Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ |title=Dhaqanka iyo Caadooyinka Soomaaliya |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 |series=Dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka Afrika |location=Westport, Conn}} * {{Cite journal |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat iyo Ganacsiga Bariga Afrika, c. 1500–1800 |journal=[[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389 }} * {{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke |year= 2009 |title= Kacaankii Itoobiya: Dagaalka Geeska Afrika |location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} * {{Cite book |last= Laitin |first= David D. |year= 1977 |title= Siyaasad, Luuqad, iyo Fikir: Khibradda Soomaalida |location= Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7 }} * {{Cite journal |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= Qalab Software ah oo loogu talagalay Cilmi-baarista Luuqadda iyo Qaamuusyada: Codsiga Soomaaliga |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131 |s2cid= 6515240 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mauri |first=Arnaldo |chapter-url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=958442 |title=Nidaamyada Bangiyada Afrika |publisher=[[Cariplo]] – Finafrica |year=1971 |editor-last=Dell'Amore |editor-first=Giordano |location=Milan |pages=209–217 |chapter=Horumarinta Bangiyada Soomaaliya}} * {{Cite book |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Gabayada Afka iyo Qaranimada Soomaaliyeed |location= Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9 }} * {{Cite book |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |editor-last=Barrington |editor-first=Lowell W. |chapter-url=https://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472098985-ch5.pdf |title=Ka Dib Xorriyadda: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dowladaha Dhacdooyinka Kadib |pages=107–137 |chapter=Laga bilaabo Irredentism ilaa Kala-go'id: Hoos u dhaca Qaranimada Pan-Soomaali |location= Ann Arbor |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqw0DwAAQBAJ |title=Soomaaliya oo is-beddelaysa Tan iyo 2006 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4128-5390-3 |location=New Brunswick}} * {{Cite book |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= Ganacsiga u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Roomaanka iyo Hindiya |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 81-215-0670-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |author-link1=Aristide Zolberg |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author-link3= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Ka Baxsiga Rabshadaha: Khilaafaadka iyo Qaxootiga Dalalka Horumarka |location= New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-19-505592-4 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rosati |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=av8qvZ-0sHUC&pg=PA169 |title=Soosaarista Xoolaha iyo Sayniska Xoolaha Caalamka |last2=Tewolde |first2=A. |last3=Mosconi |first3=C. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wageningen Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-8686-034-0 |series=WAAP buugga sanadka |location=Wageningen |page=169}} {{Refend}} ==Xusuusin== {{lang-so|Soomaaliya}} {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}} '''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl '''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ "Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }} * [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay] *[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 <nowiki>Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969</nowiki>] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah"] *[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} *[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya] *[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&q=somalia+stillbay+culture&pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida] *[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&dq=isaaq+sultanate&pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ "Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ "Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ "Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada"] *[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html "Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC"] *[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka"] *[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing"] *[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html "Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009"] *[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 "Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya"] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay"] *[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta] *[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday"] * ​[https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "Mylonas, Harris. 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Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} [https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698394.001.0001 "James Ker-Lindsay (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Lionel Casson (1984). Ancient Trade and Society"] "Jorge Alejandro Suárez. Geopolítica de lo Desconocido: Una visión diferente de la Política International" "Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C "Lidwien Kapteijns (2012). Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=D97AEAAAQBAJ "Joana Cook (2023). The Rule Is For None But Allah. Oxford University Press"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC "Ali Jimale Ahmed (1995). 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Garowe Online"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USCIRF,,,4a4f272bc,0.html "USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009. Garowe Online"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml |date=20130928150305 }} [http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Opening Annual General Assembly Debate. UNIS Vienna (2005)"] [http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ "Kamaal. UN boss urges support for Somalia. Horseed Media"] [http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 "Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi. Kenya High Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |date=20120816100759 }} * [http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html "Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |date=20130402205646 }} [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief. World Bank"] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html "Somalia. The World Factbook (2009)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html "Coastline. The World Factbook"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |date=20170716042040 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm "Somalia – Climate. Country Studies"] [http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/113 "Fatima Jibrell. Goldman Environmental Prize"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Jeffrey Gettleman. As Somali Crisis Swells, Experts See a Void in Aid. The New York Times"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm "Islamists break Somali port truce. BBC News"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia "Clar Ni Chonghaile. Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo. The Guardian"] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Muddassar Ahmed. Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest. Al Arabiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html |date=20120809223608 }} * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece "Jonathan Clayton. Somalia's secret dumps of toxic waste. The Times"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece |date=20110810033244 }} * [http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Monetary policy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html |date=20090125062011 }} * [http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Payment system"] {{Wayback|url=http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html |date=20090122232449 }} * [http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf "UK Somali Remittances Survey"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf |date=20201109191722 }} * [http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 "Decades of community service recognised with award - Tower Hamlets Recorder"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205333/http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 |date=20110511205333 }} * [http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ "The curious tale of the world-beating Somali shilling - Financial Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815142257/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ |date=20170815142257 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 "Diplomat to start Somalia's first stock market - Reuters"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100728/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/08/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 |date=20150930100728 }} * [http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php "Mission & Vision - Somali Energy Company"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522182434/http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php |date=20230522182434 }} * [http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf "UNCTAD: Somalia Investment Data"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075656/http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf |date=20160306075656 }} * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ "Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917005212/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ |date=20070917005212 }} * [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM "OPEC: World proven crude oil reserves by country"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905210305/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM |date=20130905210305 }} * [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia "Soma Oil & Gas May Invest $20 Million to Survey Somalia - Bloomberg"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825065126/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia |date=20130825065126 }} * [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 "Big Uranium Find Announced in Somalia - The New York Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212617/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 |date=20200709212617 }} * [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) - Somalia Report"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119113709/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} * [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Long Forgotten Uranium Bonanza Rediscovered - MarketWatch"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211900/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 |date=20140517211900 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/world/somalia-business-keen-to-join-forces-for-peace-idUSTRE64M158/ "Somalia business keen to join forces for peace - Reuters"] * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 "Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War - The Wall Street Journal"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221707/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 |date=20170718221707 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 "Radio and electronic media edge out newspapers in Somalia - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213045204/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 |date=20121213045204 }} * [http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry - Official .so Domain"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ |date=20141031021901 }} * [http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ "International mail services officially resume in Somalia - UPU"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ |date=20131109172506 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true "Somalia's government launches postal service - BBC News"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103224919/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true |date=20220103224919 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 "New tourism ministry under construction in Garowe - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042703/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 |date=20160304042703 }} * [http://somta.so/ "Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA)"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123131425/http://somta.so/ |date=20190123131425 }} * [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 "South West State to renovate Government Hotels - Goobjoog"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411145528/https://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 |date=20230411145528 }} * [https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/ "Travel Advisory: Somalia - Travel.State.Gov"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311235850/https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.829980986%2C-1.783760626%2C59.54518237%2C12.077308381 |date=20200311235850 }} * [http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ "Somalia to revive national airline after 21 years - Laanta"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150005/http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ |date=20141102150005 }} * [http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ "The long awaited Somali Airlines is Coming Back! - Keydmedia Online"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231315/http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ |date=20131202231315 }} * [https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO "World Bank Open Data: Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130043543/https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO |date=20231130043543 }} * [https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf "UNFPA: Population Estimation Survey of Somalia 2014"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf |date=20170804014649 }} * [http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html "The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191857/http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html |date=20140416191857 }} * [http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf "The Global Religious Landscape - Pew Research Center"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |date=20130806002044 }} * 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{{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|pp=170–1}} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=109}} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}} * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=98–99}} * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia - Britannica"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ |date=20221014163003 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ker-Lindsay |first1=James |title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969839-4 |pages=58–59}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Ancient Trade and Society - Lionel Casson"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }} * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}} * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}} * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html "Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }} * [[suspicious link removed] "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame"] * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 "The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"] * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}} * [[suspicious link removed] "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian"] * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ "Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 "Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News"] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 "Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }} * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm "Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }} * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance - United Nations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]] === Dawladda === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda * [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya * [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya * [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya * [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya * [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya === Taariikh === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia "Taariikh"] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya === Dalxiis === * [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] {{Wayback|url=https://tourism.gov.so/ |date=20230506225038 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka & Dalxiiska === Khariidado === * {{Wikiatlas}} * {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Midowga Afrika}} }} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Subject bar|Soomaaliya|Afrika|Dalalka|auto=yes|voy=Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} <!-- ugu hooseeya per [[WP:SUBCAT]] - hoosaadka dalalka ee hoostaga qaybaha gobolka --> 03iao8x0wt2fsdpzidw9ehnx6ppgb43 304819 304811 2026-08-11T07:18:14Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Service1991|Service1991]] ([[User talk:Service1991|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 304263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soomaaliya''', sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]] waqooyi galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika. Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan, kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta . Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Somalia | common_name = Somalia | native_name = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}<br />{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}<br /> Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coa_size = 100 | languages2_type = Luuqada labaad | languages2 = [[Carabi]] | national_anthem = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}<br /><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]<br />{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Show globe|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Somalia|default=1}} | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Muqdisho]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] <ref name=MFA>{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Ali>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | religion = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)<ref name="factbook"/> <!-- check factbook references before changing! --> | demonym = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] <ref name="factbook"/> | government_type = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | leader_title2 = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]] | legislature = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]] | lower_house = Golaha Shacabka | sovereignty_type =Dhisidda | established_event1 = [[Dhul Udug]] | established_date1 = 2350 BC | established_event2 = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]] | established_date2 = 980 BC | established_event3 = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]] | established_date3 = 100 BC | established_event4 = [[Saldanadii Cadal]] | established_date4 = Qarniga 9aad <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> | established_event5 = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]] | established_date5 = Qarniga 10aad | established_event6 = [[Saldanadi Ifat]] | established_date6 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event7 = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] | established_date7 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event8 = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]] | established_date8 = Qarniga 16aad | established_event9 = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]] | established_date9 = 1695–1911 | established_event10 = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]] | established_date10 = 1648–1927 | established_event11 = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]] | established_date11 = 1878–1927 | established_event12 = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]] | established_date12 = 1749–1884 | established_event13 = [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] | established_date13 = 1884 | established_event14 = [[Mustacmarka Talyaani Soomaaliya|Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga]] | established_date14 = 1889 | established_event15 = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]] | established_date15 = 1 July 1960 | established_event16 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date16 = 1 Ogosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657<ref name="factbook"/> | area_rank = 43aad <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 19,280,850<ref name="data.humdata.org">{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 66aad | population_density_km2 = 27.2<ref name="WPP_2022">{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects |edition=online |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $34.118 bilyan<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Somalia – IMF DataMapper |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/SOM |website=imf.org |publisher=[[IMF]] |date=April 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = 147aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,965<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $14.174 bilyan<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = 145aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $813<ref name="auto"/> | Gini = 36.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only-->0.404 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 192aad | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali|Soomaali shillin]] | currency_code = SOS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85% * [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15% }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="factbook"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 }} Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]] kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] . 1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen . Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya. Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay. Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] . Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida . Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho, iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal . Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho. Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP qofkiiba iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya Koonfurta Suudaan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta. Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika , Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Asalka erayga== Samaale, oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed, ayaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay halka uu ka soo jeedo magaca Soomaali. Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada "soo" iyo "maal", kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macnahoodu yahay "tag" iyo "caano". Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka, iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan "tag iyo caano" oo la xiriira caanaha geela, halka Soomaalida koonfureed ay adeegsadaan tarjumaadda "sa' maal" oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Aragtiyo kale ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid erey Carabi ah oo macnihiisu yahay "hodan", taas oo mar kale tilmaamaysa hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha. Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), oo ahayd koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka timid Masar hore, kuwaas oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus. Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masaariga, halka Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha "dhinaca bidixda"). Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad Miilaadiga ayaa tilmaamaya xeebaha waqooyiga Soomaaliya, oo markaas ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi-bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria, iyada oo loola jeedo dadka deggan Barbars (Kuushitik) ee deegaanka, sida Po-pa-li. Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee magaca Soomaalida wuxuu soo bilaabmay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad Miilaadiga xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I, kaas oo mid ka mid ah saraakiisha maxkamaddiisu qoray hees uu ugu dabaaldegayo guushii milatari ee ay ka gaareen Saldanadda Ifat. Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa magac Harari qadiimi ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed. Soomaalidu waxay si weyn u door bidaan ereyga "Soomaali" marka loo eego "Soomaaliga", maadaama kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay qaab laba-jibbaaran ah. Ereyga af-Soomaaliga marka laga eego juqraafi-siyaasadeed ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa dadka Horn of Africa, kuwaas oo ka tirsan qowmiyadda Kuush. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]] Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulka asalka ah") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay. Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib . ===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa=== [[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]] Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan. Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda. Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan. [[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]] Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka. Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. ===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== [[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]] Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Gacanka Gardafuu. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida. Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II, lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman, ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]] Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin "gacanta bidix") iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood. Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . Xilligii Ajuuraan Saldanada , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha Marka , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah. Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan . Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]] Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan. Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad, oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska. Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan. ===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika=== [[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]] Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe , Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya. Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen. Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi . Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Soomaali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad. Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan; Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889 [[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]] Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh , waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (" Soomaali-weyn ") sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925. [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]] Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo. Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Xabashida (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960. ===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)=== Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Soomaali (HDMS) iyo Ururka Qaranka Soomaalida (SNL) — gudaha Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood. British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960 [[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke & Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]] Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood. [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]] Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen, Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay. Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay Faransiiska Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub. Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib. Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey "haa" codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999). [[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]] 26 June 1960 -kii Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)=== ===Inqilaab=== 15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka. Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay. [[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]] Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya, waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas. Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974. Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti. Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. [[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]] Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii. Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan. Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Badbaadada Soomaaliyeed (SSDF), Golaha Soomaaliyeed ee Midowga (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Kooxda Manifeestada Soomaaliyeed (SMG). ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]] Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka. Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye . Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa "la'aanta" shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya . Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan. [[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay "Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]] In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda. 1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga. Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo " Qaran guuldarreystay . ===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah=== [[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad. Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday. 10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd. DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004. Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta. Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah. ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== [[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]] Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya. ===Dowladda Kumeeel Gaarka ah=== Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Soomaaliya ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. ===Falaagada Al-Shabaab=== Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah.  Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada.  29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah ===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka=== Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah . Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii. Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Hawlgalka Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor. [[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] Iyada oo qayb ka ah "Khariidadda Waddada Dhammaadka Ku meel gaarka" ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012 ===Dowladda Federaalka=== Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha ===2021-2023 abaar=== Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof. === Qalalaasihii dastuuriga ee 2024 === 30-kii Maarso 2024, isbeddello dastuuri ah oo taxane ah oo ay ansixisay [[Dowlada Federaalka Soomaaliya]] ayaa sababay khilaafyo lala galay qaar ka mid ah dowlad-goboleedyada federaalka, taas oo dhalisay xiisad siyaasadeed. Saddex ka mid ah lixda dowlad-goboleed ayaa ka laabtay aqoonsigii ay siinayeen awoodda dowladda federaalka, waxaana dagaallo maxalli ah oo [[Jubaland|Jubbaland]] iyo [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya|Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya]] ka dhacay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=Horn |title=Analysis of Somalia's constitution crisis |url=https://hornreview.org/2026/04/21/analysis-of-somalias-constitution-crisis/ |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=HORN REVIEW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=Somali army takes over key city in Southwest as state leader resigns |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/31/somali-army-takes-over-key-city-in-southwest-as-state-leader-resigns |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha . Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan "sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah". Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. [[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]] Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Maamulka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle . Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. ===Goobta=== {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | footer_align = left | image1 = Horn of africa.jpg | class1 = bg-transparent | image2 = ISS062-E-51247 - View of Earth.jpg | footer = Muuqaallo laga qaaday [[Geeska Afrika|Jasiiradda Soomaalida]] oo laga soo qaaday Dayax gacmeedka ''Columbia'' sannadkii 1993 (kor) iyo Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah sannadkii 2020 (hoose) }} Soomaaliya waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Marinka Gardafuul|Marinka Gardafuu]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya dhanka bari, iyo [[Itoobiya]] dhanka galbeed. Dalka wuxuu sidoo kale xuduud la leeyahay [[Jabuuti]]. Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhexeysa loolalka 2°S iyo 12°N, iyo dhigaha 41° iyo 52°E. Iyada oo si istaraatiiji ah ugu taalla afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee u dhexeeya [[Bada Cas]] iyo [[Kanaalka Suweys|Kanaalka Suweys]], dalku wuxuu ku yaallaa cirifka gobol u eg khariidadda [[Wiyil|geeska wiyisha]], taas oo inta badan loogu yeero [[Geeska Afrika]].<ref name="factbook"/><ref name="Hadden">Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102547/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science"]. Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center</ref> ===Biyaha=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya . [[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]] ===Degaan=== Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka . Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft). Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba. ===Deegaanka=== [[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]] Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Soomaaliya iyo Bulshada Deegaanka Soomaali, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero "soo jeedinta Soomaaliya" iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga . [[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]] Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya. Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah. Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero "dagaallada dhuxusha". Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada. Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka. Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta. Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]] Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "Xagaa"). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar. Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]] Soomaaliya waxaa ku nool naasley kala duwan, taas oo ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta dalka waxaa ka mid ah haramcadka, libaaxa, geriga, baboonka, servalka, maroodiga, doofaarka duurjoogta ah, cawska, kudu, dik-dik, oribi, dabada duurjoogta Soomaalida, reedbuck, zebra, maroodi-shrew iyo dhagax-dhagax. Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah waa noocyo ku faafa dalka, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama si kama' ah u yimaada. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi (Alaudidae), Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet. Xeebaha Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee kalluumeysiga noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoofka qaaradda ee cidhiidhiga ah balse wax-soo-saarka leh wuxuu ka kooban yahay noocyo badan oo kalluun-demersal ah iyo qolofley. Noocyada kalluunka si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli (Cirrhitidae), Symphurus fuscus (Cynoglossidae), Parapercis simulata (Pinguipedidae), Cociella somaliensis (Platycephalidae), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus (Pseudochromidae). Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Ku dhowaad kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes, Maska Garter-ka Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan (Platyceps messanai), mas diadem (Spalerosophis josephscorteccii), ciidda Soomaaliyeed, qorraxda gooryaanka xaglaha leh, qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, qorraxda ciidda Soomaaliyeed (Mesalina ama Eremias), gecko (Hemidactylus granchii), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore, iyo qorratada ciidda. Mas colubrid (Aprosdoketophis andreonei) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer (Haackgreerius miopus) waa noocyo si gaar ah ugu kooban Soomaaliya. ==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada== <!-- legislative leadership - executive leadership below -->{{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 350 | image1 = Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at Djiboutian presidential palace in Djibouti, Djibouti, September 24, 2023 - (cropped).jpg | caption1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br /><small>[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022</small> | image2 = Hamza Abdi Barre 2025 official portrait.jpg | caption2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]<br /><small>Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022</small> }} jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda . Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada. [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]] Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho, dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari . Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya ===Qaybaha maamulka=== {{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}} ​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),<ref name="factbook"/> kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa: {| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]] |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |- |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}} |} <small> * Lagu muransan yahay</small> <small> ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> <small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> ​<small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.<ref name="factbook"/> Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.<ref name="Frspc"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]] Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya . Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah. Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969. Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ===Milatari=== [[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida . Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda. Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA . Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.<ref name="Usthrs">{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,<ref name=Suehhrebubcp>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}</ref> wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Sasrracptrwvms">{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]] Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. ===Beeraha=== Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan. Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka [[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Daallo, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Jubba, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Afrikaan Express , Bariga Afrika 540, Xarunta Hawada Dhexe iyo Hajara. Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai ' Kooxda Lootah, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 fuudh) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada, biyaha macdanta, macmacaanka, bacaha, dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta, aluminium, furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo, doonyo kalluumeysi, oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit . ===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta=== [[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA). MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha. ===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah=== Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay. [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuuraaniyam , Bir ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey, halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta Yuuraaniyam. Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta=== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( Cufnaanta taleefannada ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah. Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Kooxda Golis Telecom, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom iyo Kooxda Somali Telecom. Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Telefishanka Universal . Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Ciyaaraha oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan Garoowe Onlayn , Wardheernews, iyo Boostada Puntland. Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada imaaraadka bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah. Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta. Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana . ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]] Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft). Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso. Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== {{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}} {|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}} |- ! style="background:#cfb;"|Sano ! style="background:#cfb;"|Milyan |- |style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|2.3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|9.0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}} |} Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo. Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed. Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah. 1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]] Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Iswidhan, Kanada, Norway, Nederland, Jarmalka, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Switzerland, Austria, Talyaaniga, iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo Buugga Xaqiiqooyinka Adduunka ee CIA . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn. Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka. Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005–2010 qiyaas ahaan.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo . Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. ===Luuqadaha=== Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga, qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada, Canfarta iyo Saho. Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor. [[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]] Af-Soomaaligu wuxuu u qaybsamaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi, Banaadir iyo Maayga. Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir, laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Soomaali caadi ah. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle (Raxanweyn) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland. Sanado badan ayaa habab qoris kala duwan loo adeegsaday qorista afka Soomaaliga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah alifbeetada Soomaaliga, oo ah tan ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, isla markaana noqotay qoraalka rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya tan iyo markii Golaha Sare ee Kacaanku si rasmi ah u hirgeliyay bishii Oktoobar 1972.<ref>Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain) ''Middle East annual review'' (1975) p. 229</ref> Qoraallo kale oo qarniyo badan loo adeegsanayay qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Carabiga iyo qoraalka Wadaadka. Habab qoraal oo asal ahaan Soomaaliyeed oo la sameeyay qarnigii 20-aad waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Cusmaaniya, qoraalka Borama iyo qoraalka Kaddare.<ref>{{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|pp=86–87}}.</ref> [[Carabi|Carabiga]], oo ah luqadda labaad ee Soomaaliya,<ref name="Frspc"/> waxaa ku hadla ku dhowaad hal milyan oo Soomaali ah<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{Cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060654/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=2 February 2020 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref> sababo la xiriira xiriirrada qarniyada badan jiray ee ay la leedahay Dunida Carabta, saameynta ballaaran ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta.<ref name="Dubnov">Helena Dubnov (2003) ''A grammatical sketch of Somali'', Kِppe, pp. 70–71.</ref><ref>Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor (1993) ''The Somalis: their history and culture'', Center for Applied Linguistics, p. 15.</ref><ref>Fiona MacDonald et al. (2000) ''Peoples of Africa'', Vol. 10, Marshall Cavendish, p. 178.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=((American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies)) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 |title=Area Handbook for Somalia |date=1969 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=235 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 December 2005 |title=Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide |url=http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-date=14 December 2006 |access-date=27 June 2010 |publisher=Mepc.org}}</ref><ref name="Abdullahi 2001 12">{{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=1}}.</ref> SIL Global waxay qiyaastaa tirada guud ee dadka ku hadla, iyadoo aan loo eegin heerka aqoontooda, inay ka badan tahay laba milyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages|title=Somalia|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> Waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqad cibaado maadaama uu yahay afka [[Qur'aan|Qur'aanka]]. Soomaalidu waxay bartaan akhriska iyo qorista Carabiga iyagoo da' yar. [[File:Arabic in Somalia Graph.png|thumb|280px|left|Qiyaasta aqoonta Carabiga ee dadka Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo la kala saarayo akhriska qoraalka Qur'aanka iyo ku hadalka Carabiga.<ref name="Salad2025">{{cite journal |last=Salad |first=Hussein Ahmed |title=Somali community perception on Arabic language |journal=Horn of Africa Journal of Social Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=50–60 |year=2025 |doi=10.70806/frz04z80}}</ref>]] [[Af-Ingiriis|Ingiriisiga]] si weyn ayaa looga hadlaa loona dhigaa. Wuxuu ahaan jiray luqad maamul xilligii maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska, waxaana sabab u ah caalamiyeynta uu hadda caan ka yahay guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Ingiriisigu waa luqadda waxbarashada ee jaamacado badan oo Soomaaliya ku yaalla, waana mid ka mid ah luqadaha shaqada ee ugu waaweyn hay'adaha aan dawliga ahayn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaaniga]] wuxuu ahaa luqad rasmi ah xilligii Somaliland Talyaaniga iyo muddadii wakiillimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisa aad ayuu hoos ugu dhacay kaddib xorriyadda. Hadda waxaa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dowladda, iyo dadka aqoonta leh. Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese, oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Bantu ee Sawaaxiliga oo laga hadlo xeebaha ay deggan yihiin dadka Bravanese, iyo Kibajuni, oo ah lahjad Sawaaxili ah oo ah afka hooyo ee kooxda qowmiyadeed ee laga tirada badan yahay ee Bajuni. {{clear}} ===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} ===Diinta=== {{bar box|float=right |title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010<ref name="Pew">{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}} {{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}} }} {{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}} '''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010''' Diinta Boqolkiiba Islaamka 99.8% Mid kale 0.2% [[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]] Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah zawiya ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada. Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew. Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof. Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta . ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]] Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn. Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray. Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka. Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6. Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka. Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah. Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn, warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali. Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere . ===Waxbarashada=== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho. Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada. [[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]] Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya . Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland Jaamacadda Teknolojiyadda iyo Jaamacadda Burco . Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cunto=== [[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]] Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy. Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda [[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]] Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa " Qahwo ". Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad . ===Muusiga=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codadka") ===Suugaanta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Kanadiyaan ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , "Qaranka Abwaanada " iyo "Qaranka Baadiyada ". Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya: Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada, nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan." ===Casri ah=== [[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]] Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta . Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami. Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Horyaalka Adduunka ee Bandy 2014. Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai . ===Dhismaha=== [[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]] Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah. Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade. Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Warbixin Soomaaliya]] ==Taariikh nololeed== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Diriye Abdullahi |first=Mohamed |author-link=Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ |title=Dhaqanka iyo Caadooyinka Soomaaliya |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 |series=Dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka Afrika |location=Westport, Conn}} * {{Cite journal |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat iyo Ganacsiga Bariga Afrika, c. 1500–1800 |journal=[[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389 }} * {{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke |year= 2009 |title= Kacaankii Itoobiya: Dagaalka Geeska Afrika |location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} * {{Cite book |last= Laitin |first= David D. |year= 1977 |title= Siyaasad, Luuqad, iyo Fikir: Khibradda Soomaalida |location= Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7 }} * {{Cite journal |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= Qalab Software ah oo loogu talagalay Cilmi-baarista Luuqadda iyo Qaamuusyada: Codsiga Soomaaliga |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131 |s2cid= 6515240 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mauri |first=Arnaldo |chapter-url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=958442 |title=Nidaamyada Bangiyada Afrika |publisher=[[Cariplo]] – Finafrica |year=1971 |editor-last=Dell'Amore |editor-first=Giordano |location=Milan |pages=209–217 |chapter=Horumarinta Bangiyada Soomaaliya}} * {{Cite book |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Gabayada Afka iyo Qaranimada Soomaaliyeed |location= Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9 }} * {{Cite book |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |editor-last=Barrington |editor-first=Lowell W. |chapter-url=https://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472098985-ch5.pdf |title=Ka Dib Xorriyadda: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dowladaha Dhacdooyinka Kadib |pages=107–137 |chapter=Laga bilaabo Irredentism ilaa Kala-go'id: Hoos u dhaca Qaranimada Pan-Soomaali |location= Ann Arbor |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqw0DwAAQBAJ |title=Soomaaliya oo is-beddelaysa Tan iyo 2006 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4128-5390-3 |location=New Brunswick}} * {{Cite book |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= Ganacsiga u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Roomaanka iyo Hindiya |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 81-215-0670-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |author-link1=Aristide Zolberg |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author-link3= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Ka Baxsiga Rabshadaha: Khilaafaadka iyo Qaxootiga Dalalka Horumarka |location= New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-19-505592-4 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rosati |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=av8qvZ-0sHUC&pg=PA169 |title=Soosaarista Xoolaha iyo Sayniska Xoolaha Caalamka |last2=Tewolde |first2=A. |last3=Mosconi |first3=C. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wageningen Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-8686-034-0 |series=WAAP buugga sanadka |location=Wageningen |page=169}} {{Refend}} ==Xusuusin== {{lang-so|Soomaaliya}} {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}} '''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl '''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ "Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }} * [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay] *[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 <nowiki>Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969</nowiki>] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah"] *[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} *[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya] *[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&q=somalia+stillbay+culture&pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida] *[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&dq=isaaq+sultanate&pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ "Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ "Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ "Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada"] *[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html "Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC"] *[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka"] *[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing"] *[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html "Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009"] *[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 "Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya"] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay"] *[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta] *[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday"] * ​[https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "Mylonas, Harris. 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Garowe Online"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USCIRF,,,4a4f272bc,0.html "USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009. Garowe Online"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml |date=20130928150305 }} [http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Opening Annual General Assembly Debate. UNIS Vienna (2005)"] [http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ "Kamaal. UN boss urges support for Somalia. Horseed Media"] [http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 "Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi. Kenya High Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |date=20120816100759 }} * [http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html "Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |date=20130402205646 }} [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief. World Bank"] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html "Somalia. The World Factbook (2009)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html "Coastline. The World Factbook"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |date=20170716042040 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm "Somalia – Climate. Country Studies"] [http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/113 "Fatima Jibrell. Goldman Environmental Prize"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Jeffrey Gettleman. As Somali Crisis Swells, Experts See a Void in Aid. The New York Times"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm "Islamists break Somali port truce. BBC News"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia "Clar Ni Chonghaile. Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo. The Guardian"] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Muddassar Ahmed. Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest. Al Arabiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html |date=20120809223608 }} * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece "Jonathan Clayton. Somalia's secret dumps of toxic waste. The Times"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece |date=20110810033244 }} * [http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Monetary policy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html |date=20090125062011 }} * [http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Payment system"] {{Wayback|url=http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html |date=20090122232449 }} * [http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf "UK Somali Remittances Survey"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf |date=20201109191722 }} * [http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 "Decades of community service recognised with award - Tower Hamlets Recorder"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205333/http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 |date=20110511205333 }} * [http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ "The curious tale of the world-beating Somali shilling - Financial Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815142257/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ |date=20170815142257 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 "Diplomat to start Somalia's first stock market - Reuters"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100728/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/08/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 |date=20150930100728 }} * [http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php "Mission & Vision - Somali Energy Company"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522182434/http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php |date=20230522182434 }} * [http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf "UNCTAD: Somalia Investment Data"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075656/http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf |date=20160306075656 }} * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ "Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917005212/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ |date=20070917005212 }} * [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM "OPEC: World proven crude oil reserves by country"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905210305/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM |date=20130905210305 }} * [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia "Soma Oil & Gas May Invest $20 Million to Survey Somalia - Bloomberg"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825065126/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia |date=20130825065126 }} * [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 "Big Uranium Find Announced in Somalia - The New York Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212617/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 |date=20200709212617 }} * [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) - Somalia Report"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119113709/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} * [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Long Forgotten Uranium Bonanza Rediscovered - MarketWatch"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211900/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 |date=20140517211900 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/world/somalia-business-keen-to-join-forces-for-peace-idUSTRE64M158/ "Somalia business keen to join forces for peace - Reuters"] * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 "Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War - The Wall Street Journal"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221707/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 |date=20170718221707 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 "Radio and electronic media edge out newspapers in Somalia - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213045204/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 |date=20121213045204 }} * [http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry - Official .so Domain"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ |date=20141031021901 }} * [http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ "International mail services officially resume in Somalia - UPU"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ |date=20131109172506 }} * 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Advisory: Somalia - Travel.State.Gov"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311235850/https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.829980986%2C-1.783760626%2C59.54518237%2C12.077308381 |date=20200311235850 }} * [http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ "Somalia to revive national airline after 21 years - Laanta"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150005/http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ |date=20141102150005 }} * [http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ "The long awaited Somali Airlines is Coming Back! - Keydmedia Online"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231315/http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ |date=20131202231315 }} * [https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO "World Bank Open Data: Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130043543/https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO |date=20231130043543 }} * [https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf "UNFPA: Population Estimation Survey of Somalia 2014"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf |date=20170804014649 }} * [http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html "The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191857/http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html |date=20140416191857 }} * [http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf "The Global Religious Landscape - Pew Research Center"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |date=20130806002044 }} * [http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm "Somalia – Education Overview - WES"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511075522/http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm |date=20110511075522 }} * [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html "The State Of The World's Midwifery - UNFPA"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120184853/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html |date=20120120184853 }} * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|pp=170–1}} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=109}} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}} * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=98–99}} * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia - Britannica"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ |date=20221014163003 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ker-Lindsay |first1=James |title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969839-4 |pages=58–59}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Ancient Trade and Society - Lionel Casson"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }} * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}} * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}} * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html "Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }} * [[suspicious link removed] "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame"] * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 "The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"] * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}} * [[suspicious link removed] "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian"] * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ "Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 "Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News"] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 "Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }} * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm "Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }} * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance - United Nations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]] === Dawladda === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda * [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya * [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya * [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya * [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya * [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya === Taariikh === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia "Taariikh"] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya === Dalxiis === * [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] {{Wayback|url=https://tourism.gov.so/ |date=20230506225038 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka & Dalxiiska === Khariidado === * {{Wikiatlas}} * {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Midowga Afrika}} }} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Subject bar|Soomaaliya|Afrika|Dalalka|auto=yes|voy=Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} <!-- ugu hooseeya per [[WP:SUBCAT]] - hoosaadka dalalka ee hoostaga qaybaha gobolka --> 0za9w0ieul15kas3zvrjtp4ohfgkx3i 0 50454 304670 2026-08-10T13:05:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Ebertshausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|16|56.5464|N|7|58|54.1056|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ebertshausen in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Aar-Einrich |elevation = 320 |area = 2.57 |postal_code = 56370 |area_code = 06486 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 034 |website = |mayor = Günter Stricker<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Ebertshausen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Aar-Einrich|ururka bulshada ee Aar-Einrich.]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} gex1qbu2m18aia0lk8c2k5htxcsu5g7 0 50455 304671 2026-08-10T13:07:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = Kirche Ebhausen.jpg |image_caption = Our Lady of Ebhausen |image_coa = DEU Ebhausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|35|N|8|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ebhausen in CW.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Calw |elevation = 460 |area = 24.56 |postal_code = 72224 |area_code = 07458 07054 Rotfelden |licence = CW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 35 020 |website = {{URL|http://www.ebhausen.de/}} }} '''Ebhausen''' waa [[town|magaalo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Calw (district)|Calw]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Degmada Ebhausen waxaa la aasaasay 1975 iyadoo la midoobay Ebhausen, Ebershardt, Rotfelden, iyo Wenden 1975.<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Ebhausen|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6790/Ebhausen|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> == Juqraafi == Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Ebhausen waxay ku taal bartamaha [[Calw (district)|degmada]] [[Calw]], ee [[States of Germany|gobolka Jarmalka]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Aagga degmada Ebhausen wuxuu ku yaalaa muuqaal ku meel gaar ah oo u dhexeeya [[Black Forest]] iyo [[Heckengäu]], inkasta oo qayb ka mid ah ay ku dhacdo {{ill|Upper Gäu|de|Obere Gäue}} xagga bari. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeya sare oo ah {{convert|576|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ilaa hoose oo ah {{convert|403|m|sp=us}} NN.<ref name=LEO-BW/> Qayb ka mid ah [[Naturschutzgebiet|kaydka dabiiciga ah]] ee ilaalinaya federaalka {{ill|Mindersbach valley|de|Mindersbacher Tal}} waxay ku taal aagga degmada Ebhausen.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Siyaasadda == Ebhausen waxay leedahay afar degmo – {{ill|Ebershardt|de}}, Ebhausen, {{ill|Rotfelden|de}}, iyo {{ill|Wenden, Ebhausen|de|Wenden (Ebhausen)|lt=Wenden}} – iyo saddex tuulo: Gärtenfeld, Schwarzenbachmühle, Ziegelhütte. Sidoo kale aagga degmada waxaa ku yaal degmada warshadaha ee Wöllhausen iyo [[abandoned village|tuulooyinka la dayacay]] ee Berghäuser, Grashart, iyo Höfen.<ref name=LEO-BW/> === Astaanta hubka === Ebhausen's [[coat of arms]] waa [[Division of the field|u qaybsan 'party per pale']] badh [[Or (heraldry)|jaalle ah]], oo ka kooban [[Sable (heraldry)|madow]] alwaax jarista faaska, dhinaca bidix iyo badh madow dhinaca midig. Labaduba waxaa ka gudbay [[Gules|guduud]] xariiq. Sans faaska, tani waxay ahayd astaanta hubka ee Qoysaska Wolthausen iyo Vogtsberg, oo ka xukumay Ebhausen iyo Wenden sida ''[[vogt]]s'' siday u kala horreeyaan. Faaska waxaa laga soo qaaday hubka qof sharaf leh oo deegaanka ah, Wetzel von Ebhausen, iyo [[Tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] hubka Rotfelden. Hubkan waxaa la guddoonsiiyay calan degmo oo ay bixisay xafiiska degmada Calw Febraayo 10, 1984.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Gaadiidka == Ebhausen waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Bundesstraße 28]]. Degmadu waxay sidoo kale ku xirnayd tareen iyada oo loo marayo {{ill|Nagold-Altensteig narrow gauge railway|de|Schmalspurbahn Nagold–Altensteig}} laga bilaabo 1981 ilaa xiritaankeeda 1967. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee deegaanka waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsgesellschaft Bäderkreis Calw|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website}} (in German) {{Authority control}} jv5e0bifsl1sy2f4952dw91rfwjl7sj 0 50456 304672 2026-08-10T13:08:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Ebnath COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|57|N|11|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ebnath in TIR.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Tirschenreuth |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Neusorg |elevation = 537 |area = 11.03 |postal_code = 95683 |area_code = 09234 |licence = TIR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 77 115 |divisions = 7 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.ebnath.de/ www.ebnath.de] |mayor = Wolfgang Söllner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Ebnath''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Tirschenreuth (district)|Tirschenreuth]], ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} miethbkwraaf2j4plhiynerjleov7gz 0 50457 304673 2026-08-10T13:10:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Ebstorf.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|01|48|N|10|24|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ebstorf in UE.svg |state = |district = Uelzen |Samtgemeinde = Bevensen-Ebstorf |elevation = 70 |area = 27.26 |postal_code = 29574 |area_code = 05822 |licence = UE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 60 006 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.ebstorf.de www.ebstorf.de] |mayor = Uwe Beeken |party = CDU }} '''Ebstorf''' waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Uelzen (district)|degmada Uelzen]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|12|km}} waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Uelzen]], iyo {{convert|25|km}} koonfurta [[Lüneburg]]. Ebstorf wuxuu ahaa kursigii hore ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ({{lit |collective municipality}}) [[Altes Amt Ebstorf]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ebstorf Map]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} shmq6ke19sn5ggxa7a9orqvntc5nyyg 0 50458 304674 2026-08-10T13:11:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Echem COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|19|N|10|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Echem in LG.svg |state = |district = Lüneburg |Samtgemeinde = Scharnebeck |elevation = 3 |area = 10.72 |postal_code = 21379 |area_code = 04139 |licence = LG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 015 |website = [http://www.echem.de] |mayor = Steffen Schmitter |party = }} '''Echem''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Lüneburg (district)|Lüneburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Echem waxay leedahay bed ah 10.72&nbsp;km² iyo dadweyne dhan 1,021 (laga bilaabo Diseembar 31, 2007). == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 16vykrtedozwv9lied294nix3520dsp 0 50459 304675 2026-08-10T13:12:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Echtershausen |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Echtershausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|01|20|N|06|25|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Echtershausen in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Bitburger Land |elevation = 290 |area = 2.49 |postal_code = 54636 |area_code = 06569 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 029 |website = [http://www.bitburgerland.de/index.php?id=262 Echtershausen at the Bitburger Land website www.bitburgerland.de] |mayor = Norbert Fleckner<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = }} '''Echtershausen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 26b5do0lqq7dg1l4orm8zcyc317wn8y 0 50460 304676 2026-08-10T13:14:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Echzell |image_coa = DEU Echzell COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|23|N|8|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Echzell in FB.svg |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = Wetteraukreis |elevation = 144 |area = 37.65 |postal_code = 61209 |area_code = 06008, 06035 |licence = FB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 40 006 |divisions = 5 districts |website = [http://www.echzell.de/ www.echzell.de] |mayor = Wilfried Mogk<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = Independent }} '''Echzell''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛçtsɛl}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Wetteraukreis]], ee gobolka [[Hesse|Hesse]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 35 kiiloomitir waqooyi-bari ee [[Frankfurt am Main]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} d7nig5njejv2fcsc3queruj3qyfrny0 0 50461 304677 2026-08-10T13:16:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image_photo = Eckardtsleben-Kirche-1.JPG | image_caption = St Vitus' Church | image_coa = | coordinates = {{Coord|51|4|13|N|10|40|51|E|type:city(195)_region:DE-TH_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Bala Eckardtsleben.png | state = | district = [[Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis]] | type = Ortsteil | Town = Bad Langensalza | elevation = 243 | area = 4.66 | postal_code = 99947 | area_code = 03603 | population = 195 | population_as_of = 2020-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name="population">{{cite web |url=https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/wirtschaft/ |title=Wirtschaft – Standortinformationen |date=19 February 2020 |trans-title=Economy – location information |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bad Langensalza |access-date=2022-05-30}}</ref> | mayor = Dirk Schmidt<ref name="official">{{cite web |url=https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/eckardtsleben/ |title=Eckardtsleben |date=19 February 2020 |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bad Langensalza |access-date=2022-05-30}}</ref> | Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsteilbürgermeister | website = [https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/eckardtsleben/ badlangensalza.de] | year_of_first_mention = 932<ref name="official" /> }} '''Eckardtsleben''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛkaʁtsleːbn̩|pron}}) waa tuulo iyo qayb ka tirsan magaalada [[Bad Langensalza]] ee [[Thuringia]], bartamaha Jarmalka, oo ay ku nool yihiin ku dhawaad 200 oo deganayaal ah.<ref name="population" /> == Juqraafi == Eckardtsleben waxay ku taal [[convert|4.85|km|mi]] (masaafada toosan) koonfurta Bad Langensalza ([[Marktkirche, Bad Langensalza|Market Church]]) iyo on the ''[[Landesstraße]]'' (wadada gobolka) 2125 (Bad Langensalza–Aschara). Tuuladu waxay ku taal labada dhinac ee dooxada durdurka oo u janjeerta xagga waqooyi-bari. The ''Schwarzer Bach'' ("Black Brook"), oo ka kacaysa u dhow [[Wiegleben]], waxay dhex martaa tuulada galbeed ilaa bariga waxayna ka tagtaa tuulada sida ''Reifenheimer Graben'' ("Reifenheim Ditch") si ay ugu qulqulaan [[Tonna (Unstrut)|Tonna]] in yar oo ka hooseysa [[Gräfentonna]] warshadda tuulada. Tan iyo markii ay ka soo jeedo, durdurku wuxuu socday [[convert|8.86|km|mi]] wuxuuna lumiyay [[convert|140|m|ft]] dherer ah. Dhulka fidsan ee la isticmaalo ee si xoog leh loo isticmaalo waxaa iska leh aagga beeraha ee [[Thuringian Basin]]. Ciiduhu waa kuwo bacrin ah oo inta badan ay saameeyaan biyaha dhulka hoostooda mara. Dooxooyinka nabaad-guurka ee yaryar, oo inta badan leh dhir, waxay jebiyaan muuqaalka. Joogsiga Eckardtsleben ee khadka tareenka Gotha–Leinefelde wuxuu ku yaalaa koonfurta tuulada. == Taariikhda == Eckardtsleben waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 1&nbsp;June 932.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Wolfgang |last=Kahl |title=Ersterwähnung Thüringer Städte und Dörfer – Ein Handbuch |language=de |edition=5 |publisher=Rockstuhl Verlag |publication-place=Bad Langensalza |date=2010 |isbn=978-3-86777-202-0 |page=63}}</ref> Tuuladu waxay ka tirsanayd hoos- degmada [[Tonna, Germany|Tonna]] xukunka, kaas oo laga bilaabo 1677 ka tirsanaa Duchy of Saxon-Gotha-Altenburg sida "Amt Tonna". Tuuladu waxay leedahay dabeecad miyigi ah oo aan lahayn dhismayaal dhaadheer oo dabaqyo badan leh iyo dhismayaal cusub waxaana lagu gartaa beeraha.<ref name="official" /> == Indha-indheynta == St Vitus' Church waxaa la dhisay 1404. Maanta, waa [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] [[daughter church]]. Xubinta oo leh hal [[Manual (music)|manual]], hal baydalka iyo 8 [[Organ stop|joogsiga]] waxaa dhisay Gustav Koch.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orgbase.nl/scripts/ogb.exe?database=ob2&%250=2049081&LGE=DE&LIJST=lang |title=Eckardtsleben, Deutschland (Thüringen) - Dorfkirche Sankt Vitus |website=orgbase.nl |access-date=2022-05-30}}</ref> == Tixraac == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons-inline}} {{Authority control}} se8rvjugn9p6x5qjuc3ojg8jz0b84od 0 50462 304678 2026-08-10T13:17:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Eckartsberga.jpg |image_coa = Wappen_Eckartsberga.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|07|N|11|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eckartsberga in BLK.svg |state = |district = Burgenlandkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = An der Finne |elevation = 243 |area = 35.97 |postal_code = 06648 |area_code = 034467 |licence = BLK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 84 125 |website = [https://www.vgem-finne.de/webNC/de/content/content.php?areaID=4&menuID=3 www.vgem-finne.de] |mayor = Marlis Vogel<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]]. Retrieved 6 July 2023.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Eckartsberga''' ({{IPA|de|ˌɛkaʁtsˈbɛʁɡaː|-|De-Eckartsberga.ogg}}) waa [[town|magaalo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Burgenlandkreis]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal galbeedka [[Naumburg]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[An der Finne]]. Tan iyo 2009 waxay ku jirtay degmooyinkii hore ee [[Burgholzhausen]] iyo [[Tromsdorf]].<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-januar-dezmber.html Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> == Dadka == * [[Ludwig Abel]] (1835-1895), violiniste iyo muusikiiste * [[Klaus Agthe]] (dhashay 1930), ganacsade iyo qoraa * [[Peter Frenkel]] (dhashay 1939), ciyaaryahan * [[Rolf Friedemann Pauls]] (1915-2002), diblomaasi * [[Ferdinand Rudow]] (1840-1920), cayayaan yaqaan == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} 36hnkaft4u01c04fgquyjon6whvedhg 0 50463 304679 2026-08-10T13:19:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Eckenheim |type = Quarter |City = Frankfurt am Main |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen_Eckenheim.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|08|57|N|08|40|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankfurt Stadtteil Eckenheim.svg |plantext = Location of Eckenheim (''red'') and the Ortsbezirk Nord-Ost (''light red'') within Frankfurt am Main |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = urban |elevation = |area = 2.347 |population = 14405 |population_as_of = 2020-12-31 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop20>{{cite web|url=https://frankfurt.de/-/media/frankfurtde/service-und-rathaus/zahlen-daten-fakten/pdf/pdf-fsa/2021/fsa_2021_07_bevoelkerung_ende2020.ashx|title=Frankfurt Statsitik Aktuell 07/2021|publisher=Stadt Frankfurt am Main|date=July 2021}}</ref> |postal_code = 60435 |area_code = 069 |licence = F |website = [http://www.eckenheim.de www.eckenheim.de] }} '''Eckenheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛkn̩haɪm}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay ''[[Ortsbezirk (Frankfurt am Main)|Ortsbezirk]] Nord-Ost''. Eckenheim waxaa la deegaameeyay Abriil 1, 1910. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} q8orhz4qzlnq0a6ahnozwbe3ilbwamh 0 50464 304680 2026-08-10T13:21:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Eckstedtwappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|4|N|11|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eckstedt in SÖM.png |state = |district = Sömmerda |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Gramme-Vippach |elevation = 167 |area = 6.57 |postal_code = 99195 |area_code = 036371 |licence = SÖM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 68 007 |website = [http://www.eckstedt.de/ www.eckstedt.de] |mayor = Sabine Schnabel<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Eckstedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛkʃtɛt}}) waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Sömmerda (district)|Sömmerda]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ool9bvch813zod1qotb6zfm67xanrv6 0 50465 304681 2026-08-10T13:22:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flag of Eddelak.svg| |image_coa = DEU Eddelak COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|57|N|9|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eddelak in HEI.PNG |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = Burg-Sankt Michaelisdonn |elevation = 2 |area = 9.22 |postal_code = 25715 |area_code = 04855 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 024 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.amt-burg-st-michaelisdonn.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71&Itemid=85 www.amt-burg-st-michaelisdonn.de/] |mayor = Hauke Oeser |party = EWG }} '''Eddelak''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0bkca05uj1yplcq913kl9dxko6lezme 0 50466 304682 2026-08-10T13:24:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flag of Edelsfeld.png |image_coa = DEU Edelsfeld COA.svg |image_photo = EvKircheEdelsfeld.jpg |image_caption = Church of Saint Stephen |coordinates = {{coord|49|34|N|11|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Edelsfeld in AS.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Amberg-Sulzbach |elevation = 528 |area = 34.71 |postal_code = 92265 |area_code = 09665 |licence = AS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 71 119 |divisions = 26 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = {{url|www.edelsfeld.de}} |mayor = Hans-Jürgen Strehl<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FWG }} '''Edelsfeld''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːdl̩sˌfɛlt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Amberg-Sulzbach]] ee [[Bavaria]], Jarmalka. == Juqraafi == Marka laga reebo Edelsfeld, degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka soo socda:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bayernportal.de/dokumente/behoerde/39886393538/ortsteile|title=Ortsteile - Gemeinde Edelsfeld, Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach - BayernPortal|access-date=2024-02-15}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=12em}} *Alternsthof *Bernricht *Birkhof *Boden *Eberhardsbühl *Gassenhof *Kalchsreuth *Kleinalbershof *Neuernsthof *Neumühle *Niederärndt *Oberndorf *Riglashof *Schmalnohe *Schnellersdorf *Sigras *Silbergrub *Sinnleithen *Steinling *Stopfmühle *Streitbühl *Trosthof *Vögelas *Wegscheid *Weißenberg {{div col end}} == Dadka caanka ah ==<!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} 6fu781wb6f0qcrsge0lmcnc2vynija9 0 50467 304683 2026-08-10T13:26:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Edemissen |image_coa = Wappen von Edemissen.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|23|N|10|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Edemissen in PE.svg |state = |district = Peine |elevation = 70 |area = 104.12 |postal_code = 31234 |area_code = 05176, 05177, 05372, 05373 |licence = PE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 57 001 |divisions = 14 districts |website = [http://www.edemissen.de/ www.edemissen.de] |mayor = Tobias Faust<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Edemissen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːdəmɪsn̩}}; {{langx|nds|Emisse}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Peine (district)|Peine]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 7&nbsp;km waqooyi ka xigta [[Peine]], iyo 25&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Braunschweig]]. == Qaybaha degmada == {| |- | width="240" valign="top" | * Abbensen * Alvesse * Blumenhagen and<br>Klein Blumenhagen * Eddesse and Klein Eddesse * Edemissen and Ankensen,<br>Berkhöpen and Oelheim * Eickenrode * Mödesse | width="240" valign="top" | * Oedesse and Klein Oedesse * Oelerse * Plockhorst * Rietze and Klein Rietze * Voigtholz-Ahlemissen * Wehnsen * Wipshausen |} == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen]] (1889–1964), sarkaal, ugu dambayntii General of the Panzertruppe ee Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka * [[Hans Nowak]] (1922–1996), fanaan rinjiile ah * [[Ernst Schacht]] (1953–2008), aqoonyahan diimeed, kitaab-quduuska ah ee Lutheran == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Edemissen}} {{Authority control}} nrzxxyryff4res79tvdmn6ksyfv6p8s 0 50468 304684 2026-08-10T13:28:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = 180812-Edenkoben-01.jpg |image_coa = DEU Edenkoben COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|17|N|8|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Edenkoben in SÜW.svg |state = |district = Südliche Weinstraße |Verbandsgemeinde = Edenkoben |elevation = 149 |area = 17.89 |postal_code = 67480 |area_code = 06323 |licence = SÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 37 020 |website = [https://www.edenkoben.de/ www.edenkoben.de] |mayor = Ludwig Lintz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} [[File:180624-Villa Ludwigshöhe-01.jpg|thumb|Villa Ludwigshöhe]] '''Edenkoben''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːdn̩ˌkoːbn̩|-|De-Edenkoben.ogg}}; {{langx|pfl|Edekowe}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Südliche Weinstraße]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii kala bar u dhaxaysa [[Landau]] iyo [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]]. Edenkoben waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ku yaal [[German Wine Route]]. Edenkoben waa kursigii ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Edenkoben (Verbandsgemeinde)|Edenkoben]]. == Taariikhda == [[Palatinate (region)|Qaybtan Rhineland]] waxay u gudubtay [[Bavaria]] 1815 ka dib [[Congress of Vienna]], kaas oo dib u qoondeeyey qaar badan oo ka mid ah [[Mont-Tonnerre|dhulalkii ka koobnaa boqortooyadii Napoleon]]. Sida degmooyin dhowr ah oo ku yaal aagga, Edenkoben waxay leedahay kaniisad [[Roman Catholic|Kaantoolig ah]] iyo [[Protestant|Protestanka]] labadaba (iyadoo xusuusinaysa [[Maximilian II of Bavaria|Boqor Maximillian]] guurkiisa [[Marie of Prussia|amiirad Protestant ah]]). Heerka Edenkoben ee xarun maamul iyo dhaqan ee tuulooyinka ku xeeran waxaa ka muuqda joogitaanka dugsiyo dhowr ah oo heer sarre ah. Magaalada yar sidoo kale waxay leedahay [[viticulture|beerashada iyo ganacsiga khamriga]] oo la taaban karo. Ka baxsan qaybta koowaad (beeraha), warshadaha waxaa ka mid ah soo saarista [[Exhaust system|nidaamyada qiiqa baabuurta]] iyo albaabbada. Waagii hore waxaa jiray [[sulphur|sulfaydh]]-[[mineral water|il biyood]] halkan lagu magacaabo ''Kurbrunnen''. Edenkoben waxaa ka dambeeya, dhinaca galbeedka, Friedensdenkmal oo cajiib ah, oo laga soo bilaabo dusha sare ee booqdayaasuhu ay ku raaxeysan karaan aragti fiican oo ku baahsan Rhine. Asal ahaan waxaa loo dhisay si loo xuso midnimada Jarmalka ka dib [[Franco-Prussian War]], xusuus-qorkii waxaa loo magacaabay Friedensdenkmal (Xusuusta Nabadda) ka dib 1945, markii dabaaldega guulaha militariga Jarmalka uu ka baxay qaabka Yurub: wakhtiga qorista Friedensdenkmal wuxuu ka kooban yahay maqaayad yar. [[commons:Edenkoben|Qoraalka]] xusuusta Midoobay / Nabadda wuxuu ka tarjumayaa go'aanka dawladda Jarmalka ee 1871 si loo yareeyo xaddiga [[Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)|Heshiiskii Frankfurt]] uu ka dhashay guushii militariga ee [[Prussia]]. Marka la eego inta jeer ee gobollada Rhenish ee Jarmalka ku hadla ay burburiyeen ciidamada Faransiiska qarniyadii todobaad iyo siddeedaad, waxay ahayd [[Electoral Palatinate|gobolkan]] sahlan in la xoojiyo dabeecadda difaaca ee [[German unification|midnimada Jarmalka]]. == Dadka caanka ah == [[File:Friedrich Arnold (Anatom).jpg|thumb|150px|Friedrich Arnold (anatomist)]] * [[Johann Adam Hartmann]] (1743–1836), xuduud-ilaaliye, u haajiray Ameerika asagoo 16 jir ah * [[Friedrich Arnold]] (1803–1890), borofisar ku takhasusay daawada * [[Eugen von Lommel]] (1837–1899), fiisikis * [[Heinrich Göring]] (1839–1913), sharci yaqaan iyo diblomaasi * [[Theodor Meyer]] (1853–1936), xaakim * [[Friedrich Auerbach]] (1870–1925), 1894 ilaa 1898 maamulaha hawlgalka ee warshadda Edenkoben Blaukali * [[Franz Weidenreich]] (1873–1949), borofisar ku takhasusay daawada iyo [[anthropology|anthropologist]] * [[Richard Schneider-Edenkoben]] (1899–1986), qoraa, agaasime iyo qoraa filim * [[Ralf Fücks]] (dhashay 1951), siyaasi (The Greens) == Tixraac == {{EB1911 poster|Edenkoben}} {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} hgl71itc1zgrl6moiaeormgozisj10m 0 50469 304685 2026-08-10T13:29:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Ederheim COA.svg |image_photo = Ederheim.jpg |image_caption = General view of Ederheim |coordinates = {{coord|48|49|N|10|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ederheim in DON.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Donau-Ries |elevation = 469 |area = 16.57 |postal_code = 86739 |area_code = 09081 |licence = DON |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 79 136 |mayor = Petra Eisele<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [http://www.ederheim.de www.ederheim.de] }} '''Ederheim''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Donau-Ries]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4xka2m9ak68cfhu4s3rh1uinuvo9gau 0 50470 304686 2026-08-10T13:31:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Edermünde COA.svg |image_photo = Flug -Nordholz-Hammelburg 2015 by-RaBoe 0861 - Besse.jpg |image_caption = Aerial view of Besse |coordinates = {{coord|51|12|N|09|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Edermünde in HR.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Schwalm-Eder-Kreis |elevation = 197 |area = 25.85 |postal_code = 34295, 34225 (Kahler Berg) |area_code = 05665 / 05603 |licence = HR, FZ, MEG, ZIG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 34 002 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://edermuende.de/ edermuende.de] |mayor = Thomas Petrich<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Edermünde''' ({{IPA|de|eːdɐˈmʏndə}}, {{lit|[[Eder (Fulda)|Eder]] Mouth}}) waa degmo ku taal waqooyiga Hesse, [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Edermünde waxay ku taal waqooyiga degmada Schwalm-Eder oo aan ka fogeyn koonfur-galbeed ee [[Kassel]]. Halkaan ayaa wabiga [[Eder (Fulda)|Eder]] uu ku daadsanaadaa wabiga [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]]. Bulshada ka kooban Besse waxay ku taal buuraha Langenberge ee u kacaya xagga galbeedka. === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Bulshada waxay ka kooban tahay xarumaha Besse, Grifte, Haldorf, iyo Holzhausen am Hahn. === Bulshooyinka deriska ah === Edermünde waxaa ku wareegsan afar bulsho oo deris la ah: * [[Baunatal]] dhinaca waqooyi (xadka tooska ah) * [[Guxhagen]] dhinaca bariga (ka gudubka Fulda) * [[Gudensberg]] dhinaca koonfureed (xadka tooska ah) * [[Niedenstein]] dhinaca galbeedka (ka gudubka Langenberge) == Siyaasadda == === Iskaashiga degmada === * {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Terenten|Terenten (Terento)]], [[South Tyrol]], [[Italy]], ilaa 1989. == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indheynta == === Matxafyada === * ''Heimatmuseum'' ("Matxafka Waddanka") ee Haldorf (guri xoolo-dhaqato oo hore) * ''Dorfmuseum Holzhausen'' ("Matxafka Tuulada Holzhausen") ee DGH (Naadiga Dhaqanka iyo Taariikhda Holzhausen) === Dhismayaasha === * "Kaniisadda qalcadda" ee Besse === Astaamaha dabiiciga ah === * Wabiga Hahn ee Holzhausen Buurta [[basalt]] waxay bixisaa aragti cajiib ah oo ku saabsan aagga ku xeeran. Jidka kor u aada [[plateau]] waxaa dhisay muwaadiniinta Holzhausen sanadaha 1999 iyo 2000 waana mid ku jira xaalad fiican oo [[hiking|socod ah]]. === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha bulshada === * [[Eckebrecht von Grifte]] (ninkii ciidanka qarniyadii dhexe) == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://edermuende.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee bulshada] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Edermunde}} t5xmo0odyp76iuusimdh9plt2kh0m5m 0 50471 304687 2026-08-10T13:32:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|25|N|11|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Edersleben in MSH.svg |state = |district = Mansfeld-Südharz |Verbandsgemeinde = [[Goldene Aue, Saxony-Anhalt|Goldene Aue]] |elevation = 132 |area = 9.05 |postal_code = 06528 |area_code = 03464 |licence = MSH, EIL, HET, ML, SGH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 87 125 |website = [http://www.vwg-goldene-aue.de/ www.vwg-goldene-aue.de] |mayor = Claudia Renner<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;24 }} '''Edersleben''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Mansfeld-Südharz]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rdh1psi980duh02sha516spz3mcs1gp 0 50472 304688 2026-08-10T13:34:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DE-HE 06-6-35-009 Edertal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|10|N|09|06|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Edertal in KB.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Waldeck-Frankenberg |elevation = 226 |area = 115.65 |postal_code = 34549 |area_code = 05623, 05621 |licence = KB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 35 009 |website = [http://www.edertal.de www.edertal.de] |mayor = Klaus Gier<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;24 |party = Independent }} '''Edertal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːdɐtaːl}}, {{lit|Eder Valley}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal [[Waldeck-Frankenberg]] ee waqooyiga [[Hesse|Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Edertal waxay ku taal qiyaastii 30&nbsp;km oo ah xarii ku toosan koonfur-galbeed ee [[Kassel]]. Waxay ku taal xuduudaha waqooyi iyo waqooyi-galbeed ee buuraha [[Kellerwald]] waxayna ku fidsan tahay xeebta koonfureed ee [[Edersee]] iyo koonfurta iyo koonfur-galbeed ee [[dam|bixintiisa]]. Waxay ku taal xudunta bariga ee Beerta Qaranka ee Kellerwald-Edersee, qayb yar oo ka mid ah ayaa ku jirta xadka degmada. Degmada Edertal waxaa ka gudba wabiga [[Eder (Fulda)|Eder]], oo ah biyaha ugu waaweyn ee socda ee degmada, laga bilaabo waqooyi-galbeed ilaa koonfur-bari. Halkan waxaa ku daadsan Wesebach oo ku taal degmada Giflitz. Affolderner See, oo laga helo xadka degmada dhexdiisa, waa [[reservoir (water)|balli]] kale oo loo isticmaalo sida balli hoose ee [[Waldeck Pumped Storage Station]] (mid ka mid ah saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee ugu weyn Jarmalka) iyo madadaalo. Guud ahaan, isticmaalka [[hydroelectric]] ee Edersee sidoo kale si wanaagsan ayaa loo horumariyay. === Bulshooyinka deriska ah === Edertal waxay xuduud la leedahay waqooyiga magaalada [[Waldeck, Hesse|Waldeck]], dhinaca bariga ee magaalooyinka [[Naumburg, Hesse|Naumburg]] (degmada [[Kassel (district)|Kassel]]) iyo [[Fritzlar]] ([[Schwalm-Eder-Kreis]]), dhinaca koonfureed ee magaalada [[Bad Wildungen]], iyo dhinaca galbeedka ee magaalada [[Frankenau]] iyo degmada [[Vöhl]] (dhammaantood saddexda waxay ku jiraan Waldeck-Frankenberg). === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Giflitz waa xarunta maamulka degmada. Iyada oo ay la socoto xarunta deriska la ah ee Bergheim ee waqooyi-bari, waxay ka samaysaa wadnaha degmada iyo, si waafaqsan, xarun hoose ee Qorshaha Gobolka (iyadoo la eegayo [[Walter Christaller]] ee [[Central Place Theory]]). Degmada Edertal waxay ka kooban tahay xarumaha soo socda: {| | width = "175" valign=top | * Affoldern * Anraff * Bergheim * Böhne * Bringhausen | width = "175" valign=top | * Buhlen * Gellershausen * Giflitz * Hemfurth-Edersee | valign=top | * Kleinern * Königshagen * Mehlen * Wellen |} Bringhausen waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah saddexda tuulo ee asal ahaan taagnaa halka uu Edersee hadda ku yaal. Waxaa loo raro dhul ka sareeya horraantii qarnigii 20-aad. === Juqraafiga dhulka === Aagga wuxuu ka tirsan yahay cagaha buuraha Rhenish Slate Mountains. Meelaha ka soo baxa halkan waa inta badan [[shale|shist]] iyo [[greywacke]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha Edertal wuxuu ka kooban yahay 31 xubnood, iyadoo kuraasta loo qaybiyay sida soo socota, iyadoo waafaqsan doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 26 Maarso 2006: {| cellpadding="2" style="width:180px; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;" | style="text-align:left;" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || 14 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] || 9 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | FWG || 5 kuraas |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] || 3 kuraas |} <small>Fiiro gaar ah: FWG waa isbahaysiga muwaadiniinta.</small> *Doorashadii Maarso 2016:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistik-hessen.de/k2016/html/EG635009.htm |title=Ergebnis der Gemeindewahl am 6. März 2016 |publisher=Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt|date=April 2016}}</ref> *CDU: 6 *SPD: 10 *Cagaarka: 3 *FDP: 3 *FW: 6 *WIR: 3 == Duqa magaalada == November 2012 Klaus Gier (madax bannaan) waxaa loo doortay duqa cusub.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wlz-online.de/waldeck/bad-wildungen/klaus-gier-545-prozent-gewaehlt-video-5396713.html | title=Klaus Gier mit 54,5 Prozent gewählt – Video | date=26 August 2015 }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} bdxg2yczh15n4w5o2b0n0qg3j70t79z 0 50473 304689 2026-08-10T13:36:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Edewecht |image_flag = Flagge Edewecht.svg |image_coa = DEU Edewecht COA.svg |image_photo = St. Nikolai-Kirche Edewecht.jpg |image_caption = Church of Saint Nicholas |coordinates = {{coord|53|07|33|N|07|58|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Edewecht in WST.svg |state = |district = Ammerland |elevation = 6 |area = 113.85 |postal_code = 26188 |area_code = 04405 |licence = WST |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 51 004 |divisions = 15 districts |website = [https://www.edewecht.de/ www.edewecht.de] |mayor = Petra Knetemann<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = Independent }} '''Edewecht''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːdəˌvɛçt}}; {{langx|nds|Erwech}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ammerland]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=off}} galbeedka [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]]. == Tuulooyinka iyo dadweynaha == *Friedrichsfehn Nord 1,747 *Friedrichsfehn Süd 3,185 *Husbäke 1,005 (laga yaqaan [[bog body|meydadka bog]] ee halkaas laga helay; eeg: [[List of bog bodies]]) *Jeddeloh I 1,101 *Jeddeloh II 1,333 *Kleefeld 439 *Klein Scharrel 1,229 *Nord Edewecht I 2,246 *Nord Edewecht II 2,548 *Osterscheps 1,604 *Portsloge 1,962 *Süddorf 608 *Süd Edewecht 2,256 *Westerscheps 554 *Wildenloh 805 *Wittenberge 386 '''wadar: 23,008''' *Edewecht oo kaliya 7,050 *Friedrichsfehn oo kaliya 4,932 Xigasho: bogga rasmiga ah ee Degmada Edewecht. Taariikhda: Juun 30, 2020. Tirooyada dadweynaha waxaa ku jira dadka haysta guri labaad oo ku yaal Edewecht marka laga reebo guri meel kale ku yaal, iyo ajaanibta sharci ahaan deggan. == Taariikhda == Edewecht waxay ahayd goob ay ka dhaceen dagaallo culus intii lagu jiray toddobaadkii ugu dambeeyay ee [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]]. Ka timid [[Friesoythe]] dhinaca koonfureed, Abriil 17, 1945, ciidamada Kanada waxay ahayd inay qabsadaan Edewecht iyagoo la dagaallamaya guri-guri ka dhan ah ciidamada Jarmalka ee paratroopers-ka ah iyo askarta kale. Fanaankii caanka ahaa ee Jarmalka [[Joseph Beuys]], oo ahaa nin dhalinyaro ah maalmahaas, wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah [[Wehrmacht]] [[paratroopers|ciidamada cirka]] ee difaacayay Edewecht, waxaana la dhaawacay Abriil 27 intii uu dagaalku socday. Dagaalkani wuxuu ahaa markii shanaad ee Edewecht lagu burburiyo dagaal. Afarta jeer ee ugu horreysay waxay ahaayeen qarniyadii 15aad iyo 16aad. Edewecht waxay ahayd goob ilaalinta xuduudka u dhaxeysa Eastern Frisia iyo Degmada Oldenburg qarniyo badan. == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == Edewecht waa [[Twin towns and sister cities|mataan]] la leh: * {{flagicon|POL}} [[Krosno]], Poland * {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Sátoraljaújhely]], Hungary * {{flagicon|GER}} [[Wusterhausen|Wusterhausen/Dosse]], [[Brandenburg]], Jarmalka == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Hein ten Hoff]] (1919–2003), feerka Jarmalka == Tixraac == ;Xusuusin {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Authority control}} sgg3pa7p17coch5nkvfuuq5ahd9a157 0 50474 304690 2026-08-10T13:37:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Egeln |image_photo = Egeln, der Marktplatz.JPG |image_caption = Market square, St Christopher's Church and town hall |image_coa = Stadtwappen von Egeln.JPG |coordinates = {{coord|51|57|N|11|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egeln in SLK.png |state = |district = Salzlandkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Egelner Mulde |elevation = 70 |area = 29.33 |postal_code = 39435 |area_code = 039268 |licence = SLK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15089075 |website = [http://www.egeln.info/ www.egeln.info] |mayor = Reinhard Luckner<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Egeln''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːɡl̩n|-|De-Egeln.ogg}}) waa magaalo yar oo ku taal degmada [[Salzlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waa xarunta maamulka ee ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Egelner Mulde]]. == Juqraafi == Egeln waxay ku taal wabiga [[Bode (river)|Bode]], qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|mi}} waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Staßfurt]], iyo {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} koonfur-galbeed ee caasimadda gobolka [[Magdeburg]] ee ku taal wadada aada [[Halberstadt]]. Isku xirka tareenka ee Staßfurt iyada oo la sii marayo [[Hecklingen]] waxaa laga bixiyaa saldhigga Egeln. == Taariikhda == [[File:Wasserburg Egeln -.JPG|thumb|left|Egeln Castle, courtyard]] Dooxada bacriminta leh ee Bode ayaa la degganaa tan iyo [[Paleolithic]]; magaca magaalada waxaa laga yaabaa inuu tixraaco qabiilooyinka [[Angles (tribe)|Anglian]] kuwaas oo qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee miilaadiga ka soo guuray xeebta [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] kuna jeeday koonfureed ilaa [[Thuringia]] maanta. Qalcad ku taal goobta oo lagu magacaabo ''Osteregulon'' waxaa lagu sheegay dukumeenti deeq ah oo 941 ah, oo uu soo saaray boqorka Jarmalka [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] markii uu siiyay Siegfried, wiilka curadka ah ee Margrave [[Gero]], dhulalka ku xeeran. Qalcadda ayaa sugaysay marin ka gudba wabiga Bode, oo qayb ka ah waddo ganacsi oo muhiim ah oo ka timid magaalooyinka [[Goslar]] iyo [[Quedlinburg]] ilaa degganaanshaha [[Ottonian dynasty|Ottonian]] ee Magdeburg. Dhimashadii hore ee Siegfried ka dib, aagga waxaa la wareegay hantida [[Gernrode]] Abbey oo dhawaan la dhisay. Ganacsato iyo farsamoyaqaano ayaa halkaas degeen, waxaana magaalo qalcad leh la dejiyay qarnigii 11aad iyadoo lagu amrayo [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxon]] tirada ka timid qoyska [[House of Ascania|Ascanian]]. Kaniisadda xaafadda waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 1206. Waxaa qabsaday Rabbigii [[Hadmersleben]] qiyaastii 1250, muwaadiniinta Egeln waxaa la siiyay [[German town law|mudnaanta magaalada]]; Otto oo ka tirsan Hadmersleben ayaa aasaasay [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] nunnery (macbadka Marienstuhl) goobta 1259. Ka dib markii qoyska Hadmersleben ay dabar go'een 1416, Egeln waxay ku dhacday [[Archbishopric of Magdeburg|Prince-Archbishops of Magdeburg]] oo qalcadda ka dhisay sidii gaga xagaaga. [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Sodonka Sano]], Qalcadda Egeln waxay si ku-meel-gaar ah u noqotay xarunta ciidamada [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] ee hoos imaanaya Field Marshal [[Johan Banér]]. Halkaan ayuu kula kulmay gabadha yar ee [[Anna Margareta von Haugwitz]], oo ahayd xaaskii dambe ee [[Carl Gustaf Wrangel]], waxayna noqotay ilaaliyaha. Qayb ka mid ah Prussian [[Duchy of Magdeburg]] laga bilaabo 1680, dhulkii wuxuu u gudbay [[state ownership|milkiyadda dawladda]] halka Egeln ay heshay xaalad ah [[independent city|magaalo madax bannaan]]. Macbadka Marienstuhl waxaa ugu dambeyn baabi'iyay amarka boqorka Napoleon [[Jérôme Bonaparte]] 1809. Dagaalladii Napoleon ka dib, Egeln waxaa lagu daray Prussian [[Province of Saxony]] 1816. [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] ka dib, Egeln wuxuu qayb ka ahaa [[East Germany]] waxaana guriga uu noqday ''[[Volkseigenes Gut]]'' ("Hantida Dadka Lahaa"). [[German reunification|Mideynta Jarmalka]] ka dib, dhismaha qalcadda si ballaaran ayaa loo soo celiyay. == Xiriirka caalamiga ah == {{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Egeln waa [[town twinning|mataan]] la leh: * [[File:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Mûrs-Erigné]] ([[France|Faransiiska]]) * [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|25px]] [[Bzenec]] ([[Czech Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Czech]]) * [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|25px]] [[Rüthen]] ([[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]) – ilaa 1991 == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Gottfried Christian Friedrich Lücke|Friedrich Lücke]] (1791–1855), aqoonyahan diimeed Protestant ah, borofisar jaamacadeed iyo abboti ee kastaalka Bursfelde ee u dhow Hann. Münden, Jarmalka * Ernst Pittschau ''sen.'' (1859–1916), aabaha [[Ernst Pittschau]] (1883-1951) iyo [[Werner Pittschau]] (1902–1928), jilaa ka tirsan Masraxa Maxkamadda (maanta [[Burgtheater]]) ee Vienna * [[Ruth Fuchs]] (1946–2023), [[javelin throw|tuuraha javelin]], [[Olympic Games|guuleystaha Olombikada]] [[Games of the XX Olympiad|1972]] iyo [[Games of the XXI Olympiad|1976]], ka dib Xubin ka tirsan bariga Jarmalka [[rubber stamp (politics)#List of rubber-stamp legislatures|pseudo-parliament]], [[Volkskammer|Golaha Dadka]]; Xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka Jarmalka, [[Bundestag|Federal Diet]] iyo Xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka gobolka [[Thuringia]], [[Landtag of Thuringia|Land Diet]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Egeln}} * [http://www.egeln.info/ Bogga rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 1ckwtfxtybaojsoai5y869hmfjg9rq0 0 50475 304691 2026-08-10T13:39:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = ND Egenhauser Eichenhain.jpg |image_caption = Egenhausen oak grove |image_coa = DEU Egenhausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|33|56|N|08|37|06|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egenhausen in CW.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Calw |elevation = 535 |area = 10.02 |postal_code = 72227 |area_code = 07453 |licence = CW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 35 022 |website = {{URL|http://www.egenhausen.de/}} |mayor = Sven Holder<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-egenhausen-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Egenhausen 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 }} '''Egenhausen''' ({{IPA|de|eːɡn̩ˈhaʊzn̩}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Calw (district)|Calw]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Tuulooyinka Egenhausen, Kapf, iyo Ölmühle waxaa loo iibiyay [[Duchy of Württemberg]] waxaa iibiyay [[Margraviate of Baden]] 1603dii. Saddexda waxaa laga maamulayay [[Altensteig]] ilaa 1811, markii loo qoondeeyay {{ill|Oberamt Nagold|de}}. Oberamt waxaa la kala diray 1938 waxaana Egenhausen, Kapf, iyo Ölmühle kadib loo qoondeeyay [[Landkreis Calw]] ee cusub. Egenhausen waxay bilowday xilli [[urban growth|koritaan magaalo]] ah [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] ka dib waxayna horumarisay laba xaafadood oo cusub oo ku yaal cidhifyada waqooyi iyo galbeed bartamihii 1960-meeyadii.<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Egenhausen|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6798/Egenhausen|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> == Juqraafi == Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Egenhausen waxay ku taal cidhirka koonfur-galbeed ee [[Calw (district)|degmada]] [[Calw]], ee [[States of Germany|gobolka Jarmalka]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Waxay ku taal xadka ay la leedahay [[Freudenstadt (district)|degmada]] [[Freudenstadt]] dhinaca koonfureed iyo galbeed. Egenhausen waxay ku taal dhul kala guur ah oo u dhexeeya [[Black Forest]], [[Heckengäu]], iyo {{ill|Upper Gäu|de|Obere Gäue}}. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa ugu sarreeya ee {{convert|626|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ilaa hooseeya ee {{convert|458|m|sp=us}} NN.<ref name=LEO-BW/> Qaybo ka mid ah {{ill|Egenhäuser Kapf at Bömbachtal|de|Egenhäuser Kapf mit Bömbachtal}} ee federaalku ilaaliyo iyo [[Naturschutzgebiet|kaydka dabiiciga ah]] ee {{ill|Upper Gründel|de|Oberer Gründel}} waxay ku jiraan aagga degmada Egenhausen.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Siyaasadda == Egenhausen waxay leedahay hal xaafad (''Ortsteil''), Egenhausen, iyo laba tuulo: Kapf iyo Ölmühle. Waxaa kaloo jira [[abandoned village|tuulo la dayacay]], Sindelsteta, oo ku taal aagga degmada. Egenhausen waa xubin ka tirsan [[Municipal association (Germany)|Isbahaysiga Degmada]] Altensteig oo ay la leedahay magaalada [[Altensteig]] iyo degmada [[Simmersfeld]].<ref name=LEO-BW/> === Gacmaha hubka === [[coat of arms|Gacmaha hubka]] Egenhausen waxay muujinayaan [[thistle|qodax]], oo ku taal [[Or (heraldry)|jaalle]] [[Argent|cad]] ubax iyo lix caleemood oo jaalle ah, oo xidid ku leh [[Field (heraldry)|dhul]] [[Gules|cas]]. Qodaxdu waa tixraaca dhirta Heckengäu. Gacmahan hubka waxaa Egenhausen siiyay [[Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha ee Federaalka]] oo ay la socoto calan degmo ah Abriil 10, 1969.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Gaadiidka == Egenhausen waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] iyada oo la marinayo [[Bundesstraße 28]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee deegaanka waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsgesellschaft Bäderkreis Calw|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website}} (Jarmal) {{Authority control}} irofh8ppz8woc80uj4o0g89dq5bfu89 0 50476 304692 2026-08-10T13:40:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egenhofen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|16|N|11|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Egenhofen BruckerStr1a Kirche St Leodegar 001.jpg |image_caption = Church of [[Saint Leodegar]] |image_plan = Egenhofen in FFB.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Fürstenfeldbruck |elevation = 509 |area = 33.4 |postal_code = 82281, 82282 |area_code = 08134 |licence = FFB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 79 117 |divisions = 25 [[Ortsteil]]e und Weiler |website = [http://www.egenhofen.de www.egenhofen.de] |mayor = Martin Obermaier<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Egenhofen''' ({{IPA|de|eːɡn̩ˈhoːfn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Fürstenfeldbruck (district)|Fürstenfeldbruck]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8ou91qrwazfydjf3i1bkzcwuqp2yaqr 304693 304692 2026-08-10T13:41:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egenhofen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|16|N|11|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Egenhofen BruckerStr1a Kirche St Leodegar 001.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda [[Saint Leonedegar]] |image_plan = Egenhofen in FFB.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Fürstenfeldbruck |elevation = 509 |area = 33.4 |postal_code = 82281, 82282 |area_code = 08134 |licence = FFB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 79 117 |divisions = 25 [[Ortsteil]]e und Weiler |website = [http://www.egenhofen.de www.egenhofen.de] |mayor = Martin Obermaier<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Egenhofen''' ({{IPA|de|eːɡn̩ˈhoːfn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Fürstenfeldbruck (district)|Fürstenfeldbruck]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pcgk6yko10psqhr45zgit0b90t78g5t 0 50477 304694 2026-08-10T13:42:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Egesheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|07|01|N|08|51|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egesheim in TUT.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Tuttlingen |elevation = 783 |area = 7.66 |postal_code = 78592 |area_code = 07429 |licence = TUT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 27 013 |website = [http://www.egesheim.de www.egesheim.de] |mayor = Hans Marquart<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 }} '''Egesheim''' waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Tuttlingen (district)|Tuttlingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == Egesheim waxay ku taal [[Großer Heuberg|Heuberg Plateau]] ee koonfur-galbeed ee [[Swabian Jura]] oo jooggeedu yahay int u dhaxaysa {{convert|700|m|ft}} iyo {{convert|930|m|ft}} ka sarreysa heerka badda. Laanta koonfureed ee wabiga [[Bära]] ayaa dhex marta magaalada. Qiyaastii laba-meelood meel aagga waa kayn. Egesheim waxay leedahay qayb ka mid ah kaydka dabiiciga ah ee Galgenwiesen ee koonfur-bari. Degmadu sidoo kala waxay ka kooban tahay qaybo dhowr ah oo ka mid ah aagga Großer Heuberg iyo Donautal FFH, waxaana Westerberg uu ka tirsan yahay aagga Eastern Großer Heuberg FFH. Inta badan aagga degmada sidoo kale waxaa leh aagga shimbiraha ee Südwestalb iyo Oberes Donautal. Egesheim waxay ku taal Beerta Dabiiciga ah ee Danube Sare. == Taariikhda == Heidentor waa goob cibaado oo reer Kelt ah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.donaubergland.de/erlebnis/heidentor-rundweg-egesheim/|title=Heidentor-Rundweg Egesheim}}</ref> Magaaladu waa mid ka mid ah bulshooyinka ugu da'da weyn gobolka, 770 waxaa lagu sheegay dukumeenti deeq ah oo ka yimid [[Abbey of Saint Gall]]. Madax-toyooyin kala duwan oo diini ah iyo kuwo adduunyo ah ayaa sheegtay mulkiyad. 1381 tuuladu waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Further Austria]], waxayna halkaas ahaatay ilaa 1805, markii ay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Württemberg.{{cn|date=August 2025}} Boqortooyada Württemberg, oo bilaabatay 1806, tuulada waxaa loo qoondeeyay degmada [[Spaichingen]]. Dhulkii waxaa la habeeyay intii lagu jiray [[Nazi Germany|Jarmalka Nazi]], tuuladuna waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Tuttlingen (district)|degmada Tuttlingen]] 1938. 1945, Egesheim waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[French occupation zone in Germany|aagga shaqada ee Faransiiska]] iyo sidaas awgeed qayb ka mid ah gobolkii dagaalka ka dib ee [[Württemberg-Hohenzollern]], kaas oo lagu daray gobolka federaalka ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] 1952, kaas oo ay maanta ka mid tahay. === Duqa magaalada === Jadwalka waqtiga ee duqa magaalada Egesheim. * 1832–1869: Leonhard Reiser (1801–1875) * 1869–1879: Josef Sauter (1842–1900), beeraley * 1879–1907: Johann Baptist Blikle (1842–1913), albaab-sameeye * 1908–1931: Jakob Keller (1868–1950), buug-sameeye * 1931–1945: Franz Josef Sauter (1894–1967), albaab-sameeye * 1946–1952: Josef Paul (1896–1983) * 1952–1970: Gallus Stier (1914–1990), beeraley iyo saxaafadeeye alwaax * 1970–1982: Eugen Weber (1915–1987), horey u ahaa duqa [[Gosheim]] 1949–1967 * 1982–2018: Josef Bär (* 1952, CDU), qalin-jabiyay maamulka dadweynaha (FH), sidoo kale duqa [[Wehingen]] 1981–2016 iyo [[Reichenbach am Heuberg]] 1988–2019 * Laga soo bilaabo 2018: Hans Marquart (* 1959, madax bannaan), sidoo kale duqa Reichenbach am Heuberg ilaa 2019; qalin-jabiyay maamulka ganacsiga, 2002–2018 sarkaal horumarinta dhaqaalaha ee magaalada Hechingen<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hechingen: Hans Marquart kandidiert in Egesheim |url=https://www.swp.de/lokales/hechingen/marquart-kandidiert-in-egesheim-25096470.html |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=www.swp.de |language=de}}</ref> == Tirakoobka dadweynaha == Laga soo bilaabo 2011, Egesheim waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay leedahay dadweyne qiyaastii ah 643.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/germany/badenwurttemberg/|title=Baden-Württemberg (Germany): Counties, Cities and Communes - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> Waxay leedahay aag ah {{convert|7.66|km2|sqmi}}, iyadoo cufnaanta dadweynaha ay tahay qiyaastii 84 qof halkii kiiloomitir oo laba jibaaran.<ref name="auto"/> === Diinta === Egesheim waxay leedahay dabeecad dhaqameed Katoolik ah. Kaniisadda xaafadda waxay asal ahaan ahayd dhisme Gothic ah; Waxaa dib loo habeeyay [[Rococo|habka Rococo]] u dhaxeeya 1758 iyo 1762 waxaana la dayac tiray dhowr jeer tan iyo markaas. Kaniisadda Katooligga ee ''of the Assumption of Mary'' ee Egesheim waxay ka tirsan tahay ''cutubka daaqa ee Oberer Heuberg'' ee deanery Tuttlingen-Spaichingen ee diocese-ka Rottenburg-Stuttgart. == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Egesheim-weather/Baden-Wurttemberg/DE.aspx Cimilada Egesheim] *[http://www.bikemap.net/regional/Germany/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg/Egesheim#lat=48.11748&lng=8.8699&zoom=12&type=6 Waddooyinka baaskiilka ee Egesheim]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://travel.aol.com/travel-guide/europe/germany/egesheim-overview/ Hagaha safarka ee Egesheim] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} s2z2e2z0s5cy0879me9q73hhfp2jynz 0 50478 304695 2026-08-10T13:44:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egestorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|11|N|10|04|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egestorf in WL.svg |state = |district = Harburg |Samtgemeinde = Hanstedt |elevation = 83 |area = 48.83 |postal_code = 21272 |area_code = 04175 |licence = WL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 53 009 |divisions = 5 |mayor = Marko Schreiber }} '''Egestorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːɡəsˌtɔʁf|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-PetiteTrolline-Egestorf (Deister).wav}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Harburg (district)|Harburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} p5d1xrdaah2o22pbvxy3hysj8vzanv5 0 50479 304696 2026-08-10T13:46:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Eggebek<br><small>Eggebæk</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Eggebek COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|37|N|9|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggebek in SL.PNG |state = |district = Schleswig-Flensburg |Amt = Eggebek |elevation = 16 |area = 16.68 |postal_code = 24852 |area_code = 04609 |licence = SL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 107 |website = [http://www.amt-eggebek.de/ www.amt-eggebek.de] |mayor = Reinhard Breidenbach |party = CDU }} [[File:Eggebek Hauptstrasse 8982.jpg|left|130px]] '''Eggebek''' ({{langx|da|Eggebæk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 17&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig]], iyo 18&nbsp;km koonfurta [[Flensburg]]. Eggebek waa xarunta ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Eggebek (Amt)|Eggebek]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5d7mmwijav7bmrumzxyxdwtc6crha0d 0 50480 304697 2026-08-10T13:47:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Eggenfelden COA.svg |image_photo = Stadtplatz Eggenfelden-2.JPG |image_caption = Town square |coordinates = {{coord|48|24|14|N|12|45|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggenfelden in PAN.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Rottal-Inn |elevation = 416 |area = 44.35 |postal_code = 84307 8330,8331 |area_code = 08721 |licence = PAN, EG, GRI, VIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 77 116 |divisions = 7 quarters |website = [https://www.eggenfelden.de www.eggenfelden.de] |mayor = Martin Biber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Eggenfelden''' ({{IPA|de|ˌɛɡn̩ˈfɛldn̩|-|De-Eggenfelden.ogg}}; [[Central Bavarian]]: ''Eggenfejdn'') waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rottal-Inn]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta juqraafiyeed === Eggenfelden waxay ku taal dooxada [[Rott (Inn, Neuhaus am Inn)|Rott]] isgoyska [[Federal Highway 20|B 20]] iyo [[Federal Highway 388|B 388]] iyo bilowga [[Federal Highway 588|B 588]]. Magaaladu waxay leedahay laba saldhig oo tareen oo ku yaal [[railway Passau - Neumarkt - Sankt Veit]] iyo sidoo kale garoon diyaaradeed ([[airfield Eggenfelden]]). Eggenfelden waxay qiyaastii 56&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Landshut]], 60&nbsp;km koonfurta [[Straubing]], 70&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Passau]], 84 kiiloomitir waqooyiga [[Salzburg]] iyo 110 kiiloomitir bariga [[Munich]]. == Degmooyinka == Degmada Eggenfelden waxay leedahay 119 Stadtteile oo rasmi ah loo magacaabay:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html?anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=+20111129/222449&attr=OBJ&val=797|title = Eggenfelden &#124; bavarikon}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Afuswimm]] * [[Aichner (Eggenfelden)|Aichner]] * [[Aign (Eggenfelden)|Aign]] * [[Altenburg (Eggenfelden)|Altenburg]] * [[Anzengrub]] * [[Asbach (Eggenfelden)|Asbach]] * [[Au (Eggenfelden)|Au]] * [[Axöd]] * [[Axöd-Siedlung]] * [[Bachkampel]] * [[Berg (Eggenfelden)|Berg]] * [[Bruck (Eggenfelden)|Bruck]] * [[Bruckhäuser (Eggenfelden)|Bruckhäuser]] * [[Buchner (Eggenfelden)|Buchner]] * [[Dietraching (Eggenfelden)|Dietraching]] * [[Drittenbrei]] * [[Dürrwimm]] * [[Eder vorm Wald]] * [[Edmertsee]] * '''Eggenfelden''' * [[Falterer]] * [[Fäustlinger]] * [[Fraunhofen (Eggenfelden)|Fraunhofen]] * [[Freiung (Eggenfelden)|Freiung]] * [[Fuchsberg (Eggenfelden)|Fuchsberg]] * [[Fuchsmühle (Eggenfelden)|Fuchsmühle]] * [[Fußöd (Eggenfelden)|Fußöd]] * [[Gaisberg (Eggenfelden)|Gaisberg]] * [[Gall (Eggenfelden)|Gall]] * [[Gern (Eggenfelden)|Gern]] * [[Gfürt]] * [[Giglberg (Eggenfelden)|Giglberg]] * [[Gras (Eggenfelden)|Gras]] * [[Gschwend (Eggenfelden)|Gschwend]] * [[Hänghub]] * [[Hartlwimm]] * [[Haus (Eggenfelden)|Haus]] * [[Heckengrub]] * [[Hetzenberg (Eggenfelden)|Hetzenberg]] * [[Hinterhöll]] * [[Hochwimm (Eggenfelden)|Hochwimm]] * [[Höll (Eggenfelden)|Höll]] * [[Holzbruck]] * [[Holzhäuseln (Eggenfelden)|Holzhäuseln]] * [[Holzkeller]] * [[Holzner (Eggenfelden)|Holzner]] * [[Holzschachten]] * [[Hub (Eggenfelden)|Hub]] * [[Kagern (Eggenfelden)|Kagern]] * [[Kampelsberg]] * [[Kaspersbach]] * [[Kastenberg (Eggenfelden)|Kastenberg]] * [[Käufl]] * [[Kirchberg (Eggenfelden)|Kirchberg]] * [[Kleeham (Eggenfelden)|Kleeham]] * [[Kleingmain]] * [[Klohub]] * [[Kollersberg (Eggenfelden)|Kollersberg]] * [[Königsöd (Eggenfelden)|Königsöd]] * [[Kreuzöd (Eggenfelden)|Kreuzöd]] * [[Kronwitt (Eggenfelden)|Kronwitt]] * [[Lauterbach (Eggenfelden)|Lauterbach]] * [[Lichtenberg (Eggenfelden)|Lichtenberg]] * [[Lichtlberg]] * [[Lindhof (Eggenfelden)|Lindhof]] * [[Loh (Eggenfelden)|Loh]] * [[Luderfing]] * [[Lug (Eggenfelden)|Lug]] * [[Maißling]] * [[Mitterhof (Eggenfelden)|Mitterhof]] * [[Mitterpirsting]] * [[Moosham (Eggenfelden)|Moosham]] * [[Neustatt]] * [[Niederndorf (Eggenfelden)|Niederndorf]] * [[Oberkampel]] * [[Oberkirchberg (Eggenfelden)|Oberkirchberg]] * [[Oberpirsting]] * [[Oberthal (Eggenfelden)|Oberthal]] * [[Oberzeiling]] * [[Peterskirchen (Eggenfelden)|Peterskirchen]] * [[Pirsting]] * [[Pischelsberg]] * [[Pollersbach]] * [[Prühmühle]] * [[Reiter (Eggenfelden)|Reiter]] * [[Reiter am Wald]] * [[Rinn (Eggenfelden)|Rinn]] * [[Rott (Eggenfelden)|Rott]] * [[Rott am Wald]] * [[Rottmühle (Eggenfelden)|Rottmühle]] * [[Rushäusl]] * [[Sandtner (Eggenfelden)|Sandtner]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (Eggenfelden)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Simonsöd]] * [[Spanberg (Eggenfelden)|Spanberg]] * [[Sperwies]] * [[Stock (Eggenfelden)|Stock]] * [[Straß I (Eggenfelden)|Straß I]] * [[Straß II (Eggenfelden)|Straß II]] * [[Straßhäuseln]] * [[Stumsöd]] * [[Taschnerhof]] * [[Thal (Eggenfelden)|Thal]] * [[Tiefstadt]] * [[Untereschlbach]] * [[Unterkampel]] * [[Untermaisbach]] * [[Unterpirsting]] * [[Unterthal (Eggenfelden)|Unterthal]] * [[Unterzeiling]] * [[Vorderhöll]] * [[Weg (Eggenfelden)|Weg]] * [[Weilberg (Eggenfelden)|Weilberg]] * [[Weilberg-Siedlung]] * [[Weinberg (Eggenfelden)|Weinberg]] * [[Wimm (Eggenfelden)|Wimm]] * [[Wolfsberg (Eggenfelden)|Wolfsberg]] * [[Zainach (Eggenfelden)|Zainach]] * [[Zellhub]] {{div col end}} == Duqa magaalada == * 1946–1948: Lorenz Fichtner, SPD * 1948–1960: Lorenz Bachmeier, CSU * 1960–1990: Hans Kreck, SPD * 1990–2002: Karl Riedler, SPD * 2002–2014: Werner Schießl, FWG * 2014–2020: Wolfgang Grubwinkler, UWG * Laga soo bilaabo 2020: Martin Biber, CSU [[File:Rathaus Eggenfelden.JPG|left|thumb|150px|Old town hall Eggenfelden]] {{clear}} == Dadka caanka ah == * Buuraha barafka [[Konrad Lex]] waxaa ku dhashay Eggenfelden. * Gabayaaga iyo jilaaga pop-ka Jarmalka [[Daniel Küblböck]] oo gaaray sumcad gaaban 2003, xilli ciyaareedkii ugu horreeyay ee Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS), nooca Jarmalka ee Pop Idol, kaas oo uu ku galay kaalinta saddexaad, wuxuu ku dhashay meel ka baxsan Eggenfelden wuxuuna halkaas ku noolaa ilaa uu ka gaaray guul. == Shakhsiyaadka == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * [[Albert Hahl]] (1868-1945), sarkaal gumeysi Jarmal ah iyo guddoomiyaha Jarmalka-New Guinea * [[Richard Schimpf]] (1897-1972), sarkaal ka tirsan Ciidanka Jarmalka, Reichswehr, Wehrmacht iyo Bundeswehr (darajada ugu dambeysa major general) * Friedrich Müller (dhashay 1938), saynisyahan sharciga ah iyo qoraa * [[Joseph Vogl]] (dhashay 1957), saynisyahan suugaanta iyo warbaahinta * [[Katrin Garfoot]] (dhashay 1981), baaskiil-wade reer Australia ah * [[Barbara Engleder | Barbara Lechner]] (dhashay 1982), naag ciyaaraha toogashada ah === Dadka kale ee la xiriira Eggenfelden === * [[Fritz Wiedemann]] (1891-1970), [[officer|sarkaal]] Jarmal ah, kaaliyaha Adolf Hitler iyo diblumaasi * [[Daniel Küblböck]] (1985-2018), singer == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.eggenfelden.de Bogga rasmiga ah] {{commonscat-inline|Eggenfelden}} {{Authority control}} 6o28t0ys2b2rlr78npn8us5i3yrpg5e 0 50481 304698 2026-08-10T13:49:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Eggenthal.svg |image_photo = Eggenthal, kerk foto2 2009-06-05 17.28.JPG |image_caption = Eggenthal, church |coordinates = {{coord|47|55|N|10|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggenthal in OAL.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Ostallgäu |elevation = 713 |area = 28.04 |postal_code = 87653 |area_code = 08347 |licence = OAL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 77 124 |mayor = Karina Fischer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [http://www.eggenthal.de www.eggenthal.de] }} '''Eggenthal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛɡn̩taːl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Ostallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal gobolka [[Allgäu]]. Waxaa jira [[Gemarkung]]s Bayersried iyo Eggenthal. Sidoo kale waxaa jira tuulooyinka Romatsried iyo Holzstetten iyo sidoo kale dhowr tuulooyin yar yar. Romatsried waxaad ka heli doontaa ''Burgstall Romatsried'', oo ah meel laga yaabo inay hore u degganayd [[Bronze Age|Da'da Naxaasta]]. == Meelaha la arko == <gallery perrow="9"> Eggenthal - Bayersried v O, Herbst.JPG|Bayersried from east Eggenthal - Burgwald - Eggenthal v SO 02.JPG|Eggenthal from southeast Eggenthal2.jpg|Kreuzweg Eggenthal1.jpg|Maria-Seelenkapelle (chapel) Eggenthal4.jpg|Schleifmühle Eggenthal5.jpg|St. Afra </gallery> == Dadka caanka ah == *[[Michael Bredl]] (1916–1999) == Tixraac == * {{LStDV GKZ|09777124}} (PDF; 1,05 MB) {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commonscat}} * {{HdBG GKZ|9777124}} {{Authority control}} 2b26kbcezyhvic3exryrixlotvogw5u 304699 304698 2026-08-10T13:49:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Eggenthal.svg |image_photo = Eggenthal, kerk foto2 2009-06-05 17.28.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda, Eggenthal |coordinates = {{coord|47|55|N|10|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggenthal in OAL.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Ostallgäu |elevation = 713 |area = 28.04 |postal_code = 87653 |area_code = 08347 |licence = OAL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 77 124 |mayor = Karina Fischer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [http://www.eggenthal.de www.eggenthal.de] }} '''Eggenthal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛɡn̩taːl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Ostallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal gobolka [[Allgäu]]. Waxaa jira [[Gemarkung]]s Bayersried iyo Eggenthal. Sidoo kale waxaa jira tuulooyinka Romatsried iyo Holzstetten iyo sidoo kale dhowr tuulooyin yar yar. Romatsried waxaad ka heli doontaa ''Burgstall Romatsried'', oo ah meel laga yaabo inay hore u degganayd [[Bronze Age|Da'da Naxaasta]]. == Meelaha la arko == <gallery perrow="9"> Eggenthal - Bayersried v O, Herbst.JPG|Bayersried from east Eggenthal - Burgwald - Eggenthal v SO 02.JPG|Eggenthal from southeast Eggenthal2.jpg|Kreuzweg Eggenthal1.jpg|Maria-Seelenkapelle (chapel) Eggenthal4.jpg|Schleifmühle Eggenthal5.jpg|St. Afra </gallery> == Dadka caanka ah == *[[Michael Bredl]] (1916–1999) == Tixraac == * {{LStDV GKZ|09777124}} (PDF; 1,05 MB) {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commonscat}} * {{HdBG GKZ|9777124}} {{Authority control}} 5dzjxek6zmtio1dhvmktv5po59n71hc 0 50482 304700 2026-08-10T13:51:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eggermühlen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|34|N|7|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggermühlen in OS.svg |image_photo = Eggermühlen, kerk 2008-07-16 14.47.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisad |state = |district = Osnabrück |Samtgemeinde = Bersenbrück |elevation = 53 |area = 27.41 |postal_code = 49577 |area_code = 05462 |licence = OS, BSB, MEL, WTL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 59 016 |divisions = 6 |website = [http://www.eggermuehlen.de/ www.eggermuehlen.de] |mayor = Andreas Neiwert |party = CDU }} '''Eggermühlen''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Osnabrück (district)|degmada Osnabrück]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[Castle Eggermühlen]] waa fadhigii hore ee rashiidka oo la aasaasay qarnigii 13-aad. Milkiilaha waa baroonka [[Boeselager]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eggermuhlen}} 7fr3zvk0wqb2wgtd4q5ey1p2bsog8zu 0 50483 304701 2026-08-10T13:53:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Eggesin COA.svg |image_flag = DEU Eggesin flag.svg |image_photo = Eggesin Rosengarten und Rathaus.JPG |image_caption = Hoolka dawladda hoose |coordinates = {{coord|53|41|N|14|05|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggesin_in_VG.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Am Stettiner Haff |elevation = 8 |area = 88.23 |postal_code = 17367 |area_code = 039779 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 031 |website = [http://www.eggesin.de/ www.eggesin.de] |mayor = Bianka Schwibbe }} '''Eggesin''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛɡəziːn|-|De-Eggesin.ogg}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal wabiga [[Uecker (river)|Uecker]], 7&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Ueckermünde]], iyo 42&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Szczecin]]. == Taariikhda == Laga soo bilaabo 1648 ilaa 1720, Eggesin waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Swedish Pomerania]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1720 ilaa 1945, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]], laga soo bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952 Gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], laga soo bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar labaad ee Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. == Gaadiidka == * [[Eggesin railway station]] waxaa adeegta adeegyada maxalliga ah ee ku socda [[Neubrandenburg]], [[Pasewalk]] iyo [[Ueckermünde]]. == Magaalada u dhow Eggesin == * [[Szczecin]] ([[Poland|Poland]]) * [[Ueckermünde]] ([[Germany|Jarmalka]]) * [[Pasewalk]] ([[Germany|Jarmalka]]) * [[Strasburg, Germany]] * [[Nowe Warpno]] ([[Poland|Poland]]) * [[Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship|Police]] ([[Poland|Poland]]) == Shakhsiyaadka == [[File:Vonschroederludwig.jpg|thumb|150px|Ludwig von Schröder]] * [[Ludwig von Schröder]] (1854–1933), sarkaal badda Prussian ah * [[Egbert Swensson]] (dhashay 1956), ciyaaryahan sh Keliya == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0aq41nperglh2oxmutwzekem6kh049j 0 50484 304702 2026-08-10T13:55:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Eggingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|41|49|N|08|23|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Kirche Eggingen 2006.jpeg |image_plan = Eggingen in WT.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Waldshut |elevation = 459 |area = 13.95 |postal_code = 79805 |area_code = 07746 |licence = WT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 37 124 |website = [http://www.eggingen.de/ www.eggingen.de] |mayor = Karlheinz Gantert<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;27 }} '''Eggingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛɡɪŋən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Waldshut (district)|Waldshut]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa jira marin xuduudeed caalami ah oo loo aado tuulada Wunderklingen ee canton-ka deriska la ah ee [[Schaffhausen (canton)|Schaffhausen]] ee dalka Switzerland. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} juos0sbbwiz6rlgvcxahqdbmb4n74kx 0 50485 304703 2026-08-10T13:56:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egglham COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|32|N|13|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egglham in PAN.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Rottal-Inn |elevation = 353 |area = 36.84 |postal_code = 84385 |area_code = 08543 |licence = PAN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 77 117 |website = [http://www.egglham.de/ www.egglham.de] |mayor = Hermann Etzel<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Egglham''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rottal-Inn]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3ghe1n1tced6bwy47vtpddz5remv5pd 0 50486 304704 2026-08-10T13:57:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Pfarrkirche Mariä Himmelfahrt Egglkofen.jpg |image_caption = Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary |image_coa = DEU Egglkofen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|24|N|12|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egglkofen in MÜ.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Mühldorf am Inn |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Neumarkt-Sankt Veit |elevation = 447 |area = 13.99 |postal_code = 84546 |area_code = 08639 |licence = MÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 83 115 |mayor = Johann Ziegleder<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|http://www.egglkofen.de/}} }} '''Egglkofen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Mühldorf (district)|Mühldorf]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 35z8e4gdugg16wrls9u20aneb5gv6a3 304705 304704 2026-08-10T13:58:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Pfarrkirche Mariä Himmelfahrt Egglkofen.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Maahmaahda ee Maryan Bikrad ah |image_coa = DEU Egglkofen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|24|N|12|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egglkofen in MÜ.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Mühldorf am Inn |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Neumarkt-Sankt Veit |elevation = 447 |area = 13.99 |postal_code = 84546 |area_code = 08639 |licence = MÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 83 115 |mayor = Johann Ziegleder<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|http://www.egglkofen.de/}} }} '''Egglkofen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Mühldorf (district)|Mühldorf]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0vy4xat0rpcjqfjnms3z4wt4d2f1bl4 0 50487 304706 2026-08-10T13:59:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eggolsheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|46|15|N|11|03|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggolsheim in FO.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Forchheim |elevation = 455 |area = 48.90 |postal_code = 91330 |area_code = 09545 |licence = FO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 74 123 |divisions = 13 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = {{url|http://www.eggolsheim.de/}} |mayor = Claus Schwarzmann<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Eggolsheim''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Forchheim (district)|Forchheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Qeybaha hoose == [[File:Aerial Schloss Jägersburg bei Eggolsheim.jpg|thumb|left|Schloss Jägersburg near Eggolsheim]] Eggolsheim waxay leedahay laba iyo toban tuulo oo kale oo ku dhex jira aagga degmada:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html?anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=+20111102/165953&attr=OBJ&val=1194|title=Eggolsheim &#124; bavarikon}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=18em}} * Bammersdorf * Drosendorf * Drügendorf * Eggolsheim * Götzendorf * Jägersburg * Kauernhofen * Neuses an der Regnitz * Rettern * Schirnaidel * Tiefenstürmig * Unterstürmig * Weigelshofen {{div col end}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} od23fwvb11364opi1i95btapr2axgxi 0 50488 304707 2026-08-10T14:01:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eggstätt COA.svg |image_photo = Aerials Bavaria 16.06.2006 11-37-50.jpg |image_caption = Aerial view |coordinates = {{coord|47|56|N|12|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggstätt in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 539 |area = 24.29 |postal_code = 83125 |area_code = 08056 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 125 |website = [http://www.eggstaett.de/ www.eggstaett.de] |mayor = Christoph Kraus<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]]. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Eggstätt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛkʃtɛt}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. Eggstätt waxay ku taal dhabarka fidsan (539 m) ee u dhexeeya gobol dhir leh, oo gariiraya iyo aagga qoyan ee waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Lake Chiemsee]]. Degmada Harada Eggstätt-Hemhof waxay ka kooban tahay 17 harood oo yaryar iyo kuwo waaweyn oo ku xeerran degmada. Waxaa jira caddayn muujinaya dejinta aadanaha ee aagga oo dib ugu laabaneysa [[Bronze Age|Da'da Naxaasta]]; magaca Eggstaett (“Echistat”) waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyay sanadka 925 AD. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eggstatt}} cvyje8181ga13qe99drn84mwjlrsof9 304708 304707 2026-08-10T14:01:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eggstätt COA.svg |image_photo = Aerials Bavaria 16.06.2006 11-37-50.jpg |image_caption = Muuqaalka hawada |coordinates = {{coord|47|56|N|12|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggstätt in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 539 |area = 24.29 |postal_code = 83125 |area_code = 08056 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 125 |website = [http://www.eggstaett.de/ www.eggstaett.de] |mayor = Christoph Kraus<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]]. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Eggstätt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛkʃtɛt}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. Eggstätt waxay ku taal dhabarka fidsan (539 m) ee u dhexeeya gobol dhir leh, oo gariiraya iyo aagga qoyan ee waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Lake Chiemsee]]. Degmada Harada Eggstätt-Hemhof waxay ka kooban tahay 17 harood oo yaryar iyo kuwo waaweyn oo ku xeerran degmada. Waxaa jira caddayn muujinaya dejinta aadanaha ee aagga oo dib ugu laabaneysa [[Bronze Age|Da'da Naxaasta]]; magaca Eggstaett (“Echistat”) waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyay sanadka 925 AD. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eggstatt}} aitjo1a5a0x7gxhvcjtepn7z8881k1x 0 50489 304709 2026-08-10T14:02:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Eggstedt.png |image_coa = DEU Eggstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|3|N|9|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eggstedt in HEI.PNG |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = Burg-Sankt Michaelisdonn |elevation = 8 |area = 12.79 |postal_code = 25721 |area_code = 04830 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 026 |divisions = 5 |website = |mayor = Walter Krotzek |party = }} '''Eggstedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛkʃtɛt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Eggstedt waa qayb ka mid ah [[Kaiser-Tour]] ee 2010. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} sjz5tovy4jj92gtx1vc88vb2n5hg2t5 0 50490 304710 2026-08-10T14:04:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egloffstein COA.svg |image_photo = Egloffstein Panorama 01.jpg |image_caption = View from the east |coordinates = {{coord|49|42|N|11|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egloffstein in FO.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Forchheim |elevation = 350-450 |area = 28.04 |postal_code = 91349 |area_code = 09197 |licence = FO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 74 124 |divisions = 8 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.egloffstein.de www.egloffstein.de] |mayor = Stefan Förtsch<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Egloffstein''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Forchheim (district)|Forchheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Tuulada Egloffstein waa [[climatic spa]] ay dawladdu aqoonsatay waxayna ku taal dooxada wabiga [[Trubach]] ee jiirada hoosteeda [[Egloffstein Castle|qalcadda]] magaca la midka ah. === Bulshooyinka deriska la ah === Bulshooyinka deriska la ah (saacadaha jihada woqooyi) waa: [[Gößweinstein]], [[Obertrubach]], [[Gräfenberg, Bavaria|Gräfenberg]], [[Leutenbach (Oberfranken)|Leutenbach]], [[Pretzfeld]] === Qaybaha maamulka === Egloffstein wuxuu u qaybsan yahay 16 degmo:ອີ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html?anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=+20111102/171940&attr=OBJ&val=1195|title=Egloffstein &#124; bavarikon}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=18em}} * [[Affalterthal]] * [[Äpfelbach (Egloffstein)|Äpfelbach]] * [[Bärenthal (Egloffstein)|Bärenthal]] * Bieberbach * [[Dietersberg (Egloffstein)|Dietersberg]] * Egloffstein * [[Egloffsteinerhüll]] * [[Hammerbühl (Egloffstein)|Hammerbühl]] * [[Hammermühle (Egloffstein)|Hammermühle]] * [[Hammerthoos]] * [[Hundsboden (Egloffstein)|Hundsboden]] * [[Hundshaupten (Egloffstein)|Hundshaupten]] * [[Mostviel]] * [[Rothenhof (Egloffstein)|Rothenhof]] * [[Schlehenmühle (Egloffstein)|Schlehenmühle]] * [[Schweinthal (Egloffstein)|Schweinthal]] {{div col end}} * Affalterthal oo ka sarraysa Egloffstein qaybta sare ee dooxada Mostvieler. * Bieberbach waxaa si fiican loogu yaqaanaa [[Osterbrunnen]] weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 2005, waxay ahayd inay u tanaasulaan cinwaanadooda sida "Osterbrunnen ee ugu weyn adduunka" oo ay siiyaan [[Sulzbach-Rosenberg]]. Tuulada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la duubay 1225. * Hundshaupten waxaa looga yaqaanaa [[Hundshaupten Wildlife Park|goobta kaydka duurjoogta]] iyo [[petting zoo]], iyo qalcadda [[Hundshaupten Castle|Hundshaupten]]. == Soojiidashada == Kor ku xusan tuulada waxaa taagan hore [[mediaeval|dhexdhexaad ah]] [[Egloffstein Castle]] ee [[House of Egloffstein|ragga Egloffstein]]. Waxaa jira barkad dabaasha oo furan oo soo taagnayd ka hor dagaalka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2kqmh89geqlr5zgxmsft6ist56b62fa 304711 304710 2026-08-10T14:04:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egloffstein COA.svg |image_photo = Egloffstein Panorama 01.jpg |image_caption = aaga bari ah |coordinates = {{coord|49|42|N|11|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egloffstein in FO.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Forchheim |elevation = 350-450 |area = 28.04 |postal_code = 91349 |area_code = 09197 |licence = FO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 74 124 |divisions = 8 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.egloffstein.de www.egloffstein.de] |mayor = Stefan Förtsch<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Egloffstein''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Forchheim (district)|Forchheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Tuulada Egloffstein waa [[climatic spa]] ay dawladdu aqoonsatay waxayna ku taal dooxada wabiga [[Trubach]] ee jiirada hoosteeda [[Egloffstein Castle|qalcadda]] magaca la midka ah. === Bulshooyinka deriska la ah === Bulshooyinka deriska la ah (saacadaha jihada woqooyi) waa: [[Gößweinstein]], [[Obertrubach]], [[Gräfenberg, Bavaria|Gräfenberg]], [[Leutenbach (Oberfranken)|Leutenbach]], [[Pretzfeld]] === Qaybaha maamulka === Egloffstein wuxuu u qaybsan yahay 16 degmo:ອີ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html?anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=+20111102/171940&attr=OBJ&val=1195|title=Egloffstein &#124; bavarikon}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=18em}} * [[Affalterthal]] * [[Äpfelbach (Egloffstein)|Äpfelbach]] * [[Bärenthal (Egloffstein)|Bärenthal]] * Bieberbach * [[Dietersberg (Egloffstein)|Dietersberg]] * Egloffstein * [[Egloffsteinerhüll]] * [[Hammerbühl (Egloffstein)|Hammerbühl]] * [[Hammermühle (Egloffstein)|Hammermühle]] * [[Hammerthoos]] * [[Hundsboden (Egloffstein)|Hundsboden]] * [[Hundshaupten (Egloffstein)|Hundshaupten]] * [[Mostviel]] * [[Rothenhof (Egloffstein)|Rothenhof]] * [[Schlehenmühle (Egloffstein)|Schlehenmühle]] * [[Schweinthal (Egloffstein)|Schweinthal]] {{div col end}} * Affalterthal oo ka sarraysa Egloffstein qaybta sare ee dooxada Mostvieler. * Bieberbach waxaa si fiican loogu yaqaanaa [[Osterbrunnen]] weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 2005, waxay ahayd inay u tanaasulaan cinwaanadooda sida "Osterbrunnen ee ugu weyn adduunka" oo ay siiyaan [[Sulzbach-Rosenberg]]. Tuulada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la duubay 1225. * Hundshaupten waxaa looga yaqaanaa [[Hundshaupten Wildlife Park|goobta kaydka duurjoogta]] iyo [[petting zoo]], iyo qalcadda [[Hundshaupten Castle|Hundshaupten]]. == Soojiidashada == Kor ku xusan tuulada waxaa taagan hore [[mediaeval|dhexdhexaad ah]] [[Egloffstein Castle]] ee [[House of Egloffstein|ragga Egloffstein]]. Waxaa jira barkad dabaasha oo furan oo soo taagnayd ka hor dagaalka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3xaav2dz73zvysmq53gs6u3nl87t7di 0 50491 304712 2026-08-10T14:06:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egweil COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|47|N|11|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egweil in EI.svg |image_photo = Egweil im Landkreis Eichstätt Pfarrkirche St. Martin.jpg |image_caption = Church of Saint Martin |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Eichstätt |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Nassenfels |elevation = 392 |area = 9.39 |postal_code = 85116 |area_code = 08424 |licence = EI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 76 122 |website = [http://www.egweil.de www.egweil.de] |mayor = Johannes Schneider<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Egweil''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Eichstätt (district)|Eichstätt]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Duqa magaalada == *2002-2014: Wunibald Koppenhofer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/eichstaett/Egweil-In-zwoelf-Jahren-viel-investiert;art575,2907917|title=Egweil: In zwölf Jahren viel investiert}}</ref> *Laga soo bilaabo May 2014: Johannes Schneider ([[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]) {{clear left}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pg884528ltw8c4ujixp7mat2cff2djb 304713 304712 2026-08-10T14:06:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egweil COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|47|N|11|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egweil in EI.svg |image_photo = Egweil im Landkreis Eichstätt Pfarrkirche St. Martin.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Martin |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Eichstätt |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Nassenfels |elevation = 392 |area = 9.39 |postal_code = 85116 |area_code = 08424 |licence = EI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 76 122 |website = [http://www.egweil.de www.egweil.de] |mayor = Johannes Schneider<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Egweil''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Eichstätt (district)|Eichstätt]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Duqa magaalada == *2002-2014: Wunibald Koppenhofer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/eichstaett/Egweil-In-zwoelf-Jahren-viel-investiert;art575,2907917|title=Egweil: In zwölf Jahren viel investiert}}</ref> *Laga soo bilaabo May 2014: Johannes Schneider ([[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]) {{clear left}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} sq6p07e1uux7kylzbvkm7ngmvjie38e 0 50492 304714 2026-08-10T14:08:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Ehekirchen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|38|N|11|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ehekirchen in ND.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Neuburg-Schrobenhausen |elevation = 380-507 |area = 62.77 |postal_code = 86676 |area_code = 08435 |licence = ND |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 85 127 |website = [https://www.ehekirchen.de/ www.ehekirchen.de] |mayor = Günter Gamisch<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Ehekirchen''' ({{IPA|de|eːəˈkɪʁçn̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o1ahgguhgnz1isp9zrkbe9v9241vak2 0 50493 304715 2026-08-10T14:09:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Kaisereiche Ehlscheid.jpg |image_coa = DEU Ehlscheid COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|30|58|N|7|28|05|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ehlscheid in NR.svg |state = |district = Neuwied |Verbandsgemeinde = Rengsdorf-Waldbreitbach |elevation = 350 |area = 6.27 |postal_code = 56581 |area_code = 02634 |licence = NR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 38 015 |website = [http://www.ehlscheid.de/ www.ehlscheid.de] |mayor = Ingelore Runkel<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Neuwied], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Ehlscheid''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːlʃaɪt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Neuwied (district)|Neuwied]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Qayb ka mid ah degmada sidoo kale waa saddex ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Wohnplatz|de|3=Wohnplatz|lt=Wohnplätze}}'', kuwaas oo kala ah Forsthaus Gommerscheid, Hof Talblick iyo Talhof.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/verzeichnisse/A1132_202101_ur_G.pdf |title = Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile |year = 2021 |publisher = [[Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz]] |page = 50 |language = de |format = PDF |access-date = 5 August 2021 }}</ref> (''Forsthaus'' waxaa loo tarjumi karaa [[forester's lodge]], ''Hof'' (xaasaskaas) sida [[homestead (buildings)|homestead]]). [[File:Freibadehlscheid.jpg|thumb|left|The closed bath in 2012]] 1 Juun 1958 qubays furan ayaa laga furay Ehlscheid. Waxaa la xiray 2012 sababo la xiriira dhibaatooyin farsamo awgeed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ehlscheid.de/spiel-und-spass-im-freibad-ehlscheid.html/ |language=de |title=Freibad Ehlscheid |publisher=municipality Ehlscheid |access-date=26 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313222557/http://www.ehlscheid.de/spiel-und-spass-im-freibad-ehlscheid.html |archive-date=13 March 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sannadkii 2016, barkadda ayaa la simay oo lagu buuxiyay carradu.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Ehlscheid: Schwimmbecken soll bis Mai verfüllt sein |journal=Rhein-Zeitung |date=25 February 2016 |url=https://mobil.rhein-zeitung.de/lokales/neuwied_artikel,-ehlscheid-schwimmbecken-soll-bis-mai-verfuellt-sein-_arid,1446454.html |access-date=5 January 2019 |language=de}}</ref> Qoyska [[Rockefeller family|Rockefeller]] waxay xididkoodu ku leeyihiin Ehlscheid, laakiin sidoo kale tuuladii la dayacay ee [[Rockenfeld]] iyo [[Fahr (Neuwied)|Fahr]] (labaduba maanta waa qayb ka mid ah [[Neuwied]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rhein-zeitung.de/region/panorama_artikel,-Rockefeller-hatte-Neuwieder-Wurzeln-_arid,165825.html | language=de | title=Rockefeller hatte Neuwieder Wurzeln | trans-title = Rockefeller had Neuwiedian roots |publisher=Rhein Zeitung |access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} 5tzi3bj40q9jqm3g5ckhojb0gr6nav4 0 50494 304716 2026-08-10T14:11:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Ehndorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|3|12|N|9|53|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ehndorf in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Mittelholstein |elevation = 13 |area = 14.68 |postal_code = 24647 |area_code = 04321 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 044 |website = [http://www.amt-aukrug.de/ www.amt-aukrug.de] |mayor = Magret Kaschner |party = }} '''Ehndorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} amj6nej3ahxgzlb00fbtpt6dl8rur9v 0 50495 304717 2026-08-10T14:13:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type=Gemeinde |image_coa = DEU Ehrenkirchen COA.svg |image_photo = Rathaus von Ehrenkirchen 3.jpg |image_caption = Hoolka dawladda hoose ee Ehrenkirchen |coordinates = {{coord|47|54|55|N|7|45|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ehrenkirchen in FR.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Breisgau-Hochschwaürzwald |elevation = 265 |area = 37.80 |postal_code = 79238 |area_code = 07633 |licence = FR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 15 131 |divisions = 5 |website = {{URL|www.ehrenkirchen.de}} }} '''Ehrenkirchen''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Tuulooyinka Ehrenstetten, Kirchhofen, Norsingen, Offnadingen, iyo Scherzingen waxay ahaayeen hantida [[Saint Blaise Abbey, Black Forest]] ilaa 1806, markii la [[German mediatization|dhexdhexaadiyay]] [[Grand Duchy of Baden]]. Waxaa loo qoondeeyay degmada [[Staufen im Breisgau]] ilaa 1936, markii dib loogu celiyay degmada [[Freiburg im Breisgau]]. Iyada oo qayb ka ah {{ill|1973 Baden-Württemberg district reform|de|Kreisreform Baden-Württemberg 1973}}, waxaa loo qoondeeyay degmada cusub ee [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]]. Intii u dhaxaysay 1973 iyo 1974, shantii tuulo waxay ku midoobeen hal degmo, Ehrenkirchen, oo magaceedu ahaa isku-darka magaalooyinka waaweyn, Ehrenstetten iyo Kirchhofen.<ref>''[https://www.alemannische-seiten.de/deutschland/ehrenkirchen_kirchhofen.php Kirchhofen]'', alemannische-seiten.de</ref><ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Ehrenkirchen|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/9509/Ehrenkirchen|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|access-date=26 July 2020}}</ref> == Juqraafi == [[File:Ehrenkirchen-basis-deutsch.png|thumb|left|Map of Ehrenkirchen]] Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Ehrenkirchen waxay ku taal degmada [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], oo ah [[States of Germany|gobol]] ka tirsan [[Federal Republic of Germany|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Jarmalka]]. Waxay u jirtaa {{convert|13|km|sp=us}} koonfurta [[Freiburg im Breisgau]], caasimadda [[Freiburg (region)|gobolka]] loo qoondeeyay. Aagga degmada ayaa jidh ahaan ku yaal [[Markgräflerland]], oo ku xiga [[Möhlin (Rhine)|Möhlin]], oo ah curiyaha [[Rhine]]. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa heerka ugu sarreeya ee {{convert|913|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) dusha sare ee Stutzkopf ilaa heerka ugu hooseeya ee {{convert|213|m|sp=us}} NN ee Möhlin.<ref name=LEO-BW/> Kaydka dabiiciga ah ee Ölberg Ehrenstetten ee federaalku ilaaliyo [[Naturschutzgebiet]] wuxuu ku yaal aagga degmada Ehrenkirchen.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Siyaasadda == Ehrenkirchen waxay leedahay shan xaafadood (''Ortsteile''): Ehrenstetten, Kirchhofen, Norsingen, Offnadingen, iyo Scherzingen.<ref name=LEO-BW/> === Gacmaha hubka === Gacmaha hubka ee degmada ([[coat of arms]]) ee Ehrenkirchen waxay muujinayaan laba sawir oo dhiirrigeliyay dhinacyada degmada iyo taariikhdeeda, [[Impalement (heraldry)|oo la geliyay]] isla [[blazon]]. Sawirka bidix waa canabka khamriga, oo ku jira [[Or (heraldry)|jaalle]], oo ka sarreeya buur jaalle ah oo [[Mount (heraldry)|saddex-geesood ah]] oo ku taal [[Field (heraldry)|goob]] [[Gules|cas]]. Sawirradan waxay tixraacayaan taariikhda gobolka ee [[viticulture]], gaar ahaan jiirada {{ill|Batzenberg|de}},<ref>''[https://www.alemannische-seiten.de/deutschland/ehrenkirchen_batzenberg.php Batzenberg]'', alemannische-seiten.de</ref> Kirchberg iyo Ölberg.<ref>[https://www.alemannische-seiten.de/deutschland/ehrenkirchen_oelberg-ehrenstetten.php Alemannic Pages:] Ölberg</ref> Sawirka midig wuxuu muujinayaa deerada [[Azure (heraldry)|bulug ah]], oo taagan oo ku jeedda dhinaca bidix, oo ku taal goob jaalle ah. deerada waxaa laga soo qaatay gacmaha hubka ee Saint Blaise Abbey, oo [[Tincture (heraldry)|midabkeeda]] sidoo kale loo isticmaalay Ehrenkirchen, laakiin la faafiyay si loo hoggaansamo [[rule of tincture]]. Gacmaha hubka waxaa loo ansixiyay isticmaalka rasmiga ah xafiiska degmada Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald 21 Maarso 1977.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Dhaqaalaha == Dhaqaalaha Ehrenkirchen wuxuu ku salaysan yahay dalxiiska, khamriga, iyo qayb warshadeed oo soo kordhaysay tan iyo 1990-meeyadii.<ref name=LEO-BW/> === Gaadiidka == Ehrenkirchen waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] [[Bundesstraße 3]] iyo waddooyinka tareenada [[Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway]], oo joogsi ku leh Norsingen.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Official website}} (in German) {{Authority control}} 56cw5smtbfesbta7668wzsegc7z4rrp 0 50496 304718 2026-08-10T14:14:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Ehringshausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|N|08|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lahn-Dill-Kreis Ehringshaus.png |state = |region = Gießen |district = Lahn-Dill-Kreis |elevation = 186 |area = 45.43 |postal_code = 35630 |area_code = 06443, 06440, 06449 |licence = LDK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 32 008 |website = [https://www.ehringshausen.de www.ehringshausen.de] |mayor = Jürgen Mock<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = SPD }} '''Ehringshausen''' ({{IPA|de|eːʁɪŋsˈhaʊzn̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Lahn-Dill-Kreis]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Ehringshausen waxay ku taal dooxada [[Dill (river)|Dill]] ee u dhexeeya [[Wetzlar]] iyo [[Herborn (Hesse)|Herborn]]. === Bulshooyinka deriska la ah === Ehringshausen waxay xuduud la leedahay xagga waqooyi bulshada [[Mittenaar]], xagga bari magaalada [[Aßlar]], xagga koonfureed magaalooyinka [[Solms]] iyo [[Leun]], iyo waqooyi-galbeed bulshada [[Sinn (Hesse)|Sinn]] (dhammaantood waxay ku jiraan Lahn-Dill-Kreis). === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Bulshada waxay leedahay sagaal xarmood oo lagu magacaabo Breitenbach, Daubhausen, Dillheim, Dreisbach, Ehringshausen, Greifenthal, [[Katzenfurt]], Kölschhausen iyo Niederlemp. == Taariikhda == Ehringshausen waxay markii ugu horreysay ku yeelatay xusid dukumiinti ah 802 dukumiinti deeq ah oo ku jira [[Lorsch codex]]. Sida dukumiintigan qabo, Inric wuxuu siiyay Kastaamada Lorsch barxad lagu xoojiyay Barcdorfer Mark ee Lahngau. Barcdorf waxay u dhowayd Ehringshausen maanta ee bangiga saxda ah ee Dill. Haddii loo arki karo inuu yahay horudhaca tooska ah ee Ehringshausen waa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid aan caddayn. Xarunta ugu da'da weyn bulshada ma aha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xarunta magaca leh, laakiin waa Breitenbach, oo markii ugu horreysay la xusay 778. == Siyaasadda == Ehringshausen waxay ahayd xarun ay ku xooggan yihiin xag-jirnimada midigta fog iyo waddaniyadda [[National Democratic Party of Germany]]. Tobanaan sano, waxaa lagu matalay golaha degmada, xitaa doorashadii 2001 kadib markii qaybtooda codadka ay ka dhacday ilaa 22% ilaa 7.1%. Doorashadii golaha degmada ee 2006, waxay la kulmeen dib u dhac kale markii qaybtooda ay hoos ugu dhacday kaliya 4.9%. Tani waxay weli ku turjuntay laba kursi oo golaha ah. === Golaha degmada === Doorashadii golaha degmada ee 27 Maarso 2011 waxay soo saartay natiijooyinka soo socda: {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" !colspan="2" | '''Parteien und Wählergemeinschaften''' !align="right" | '''%<br />2011''' !align="right" | '''Sitze<br />2011''' !align="right" | '''%<br />2006''' !align="right" | '''Sitze<br />2006''' |---- |SPD |[[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands]] |align="right" |37,7 |align="right" |12 |align="right" |35,4 |align="right" |11 |---- |CDU |[[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands]] |align="right" |35,1 |align="right" |11 |align="right" |36,4 |align="right" |11 |---- | FWG | [[Freie Wähler Hessen|Freie Wählergemeinschaft e.V. Ehringshausen]] |align="right" |22,8 |align="right" |7 |align="right" |23,3 |align="right" |7 |---- | GRÜNE | [[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen]] |align="right" |4,4 |align="right" |1 |align="right" |– |align="right" |– |---- | NPD | [[Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands]] |align="right" |– |align="right" |– |align="right" |4,9 |align="right" |2 |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" !colspan="2" |'''gesamt''' !align="right" |'''100,0''' !align="right" |'''31''' !align="right" |'''100,0''' !align="right" |'''31''' |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" !colspan="2" |'''Wahlbeteiligung in %''' !colspan="2" align="right" |'''43,0''' !colspan="2" align="right" |'''45,1''' |} <small>Fiiro gaar ah: FWG waa isbahaysi muwaadiniin ah.</small> === Gacmaha hubka === Labadada eedeymo ee gaashaanka [[coat of arms]] ee Ehringshausen waxay matalaan dhinacyada kala duwan ee taariikhda bulshada, labaduba waxay dib ugu noqonayaan qarniyo badan. Qodobka, oo xoogaa u eg [[steeple (architecture)|munaaradda]] kنيisadda, waxay u taagan tahay kaniisadda deegaanka, iyo wheel-ka waxa uu ahaa ilaa 1956 warshaddii deegaanka - [[iron mining|macdanta birta]].[http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/e/ehringshausen.htm] === Iskaashiga === Ehringshausen waxay xiriir la leedahay meelaha soo socda: * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Roquemaure, Gard|Roquemaure]], [[France|Faransiiska]] ilaa 28 Abriil 1973 * {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Haverhill, Suffolk|Haverhill]], [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]] ilaa 16 Abriil 1983 * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Neustadt am Rennsteig]], [[Thuringia|Thuringia]] ilaa 11 Maajo 1991 == Gaadiidka == Waxaa dhex mara Ehringshausen [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 45|A 45]], oo leh is-goyska Ehringshausen, iyo [[railway|tareenka]] Siegen–Gießen, oo leh saldhigyada Katzenfurt iyo Ehringshausen (Kr Wetzlar). Kuwan waxaa u adeega saacad kasta maalmaha shaqada, iyo labadii saacadood ee Axadaha iyo ciidaha adeegyada [[DB Regio]] [[Regionalbahn]] ee u dhexeeya [[Dillenburg]] iyo Gießen. == Shakhsiyaadka == * [[Frank Paulus]] (1978- ), [[Football (soccer)|ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta]] Jarmal ah * [[Christoph Nix]] (1954- ), aqoonyahan sharci iyo maamule masraxa * [[Dominik Stroh-Engel]] (1985- ), ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta Jarmal ah * [[Friedrich Weber (bishop)|Friedrich Weber]] (1949- ), baskooda gobolka * [[Gesa Felicitas Krause]], cayaaryahan == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.ehringshausen.de Website Ehringshausen] {{Authority control}} p7bh5pvhqun15x2zdcdklsjen641p1v 0 50497 304720 2026-08-10T14:16:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa =DEU Eichelhardt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|43|6|N|7|42|2|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichelhardt in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 296 |area = 2.84 |postal_code = 57612 |area_code = 02681, 02682 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 022 |website = {{url|https://www.vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de/gemeinde-politik/uebersicht-ortsgemeinden/eichelhardt|vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de}} |mayor = Rainer Zeuner<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Eichelhardt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} p2cpibkm9jhnslshcpkc7i2fly4um4l 0 50498 304721 2026-08-10T14:18:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Eichen |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|38|6|N|7|31|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichen in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 275 |area = 4.27 |postal_code = 57632 |area_code = 02685 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 023 |website = |mayor = Dennis Kolb<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Eichen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪçn̩|-|De-Eichen2.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5ksqfvl8sh3dtczxsyq98s73gqfl72l 0 50499 304723 2026-08-10T14:19:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eichenbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|25|48|N|6|48|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichenbach in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Adenau |elevation = 380 |area = 5.02 |postal_code = 53533 |area_code = 02694 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 021 |website = [http://www.eichenbach.de/ www.eichenbach.de] |mayor = Daniel Neubusch |leader_term = |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Eichenbach''' waa [[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]] (degmo maxalli ah) oo ku taal degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == Tuulada waxay ku taal bartamaha [[Eifel]] ee dooxada dhinaceeda ah ee [[Ahr]]. Eichenbach waxaa ku xeeran aag kaymo ah oo ballaaran. Aagga waxaa ka daadaasha durdurrada Eichenbach iyo Dreisbach. Degmada waxaa loo qaybiyaa degmooyinka Eichenbach iyo Frohnhofen.<ref name="GemeindeverzeichnisRP">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile 2022, Page 6</ref> Tan dambe waxay ku taal dhinaca galbeed ee tuulada ugu weyn. == Taariikhda == Ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 18-aad, Eichenbach waxay ka tirsanayd [[Duchy of Arenberg]].[[File:Eichenbach (Ahr) in Eichenbach Blick nach Osten.jpg|thumb|Eichenbach in Eichenbach|left|166x166px]]Sannadkii 1794, [[War of the First Coalition|ciidamadii kacaanka Faransiiska]] waxay qabsadeen [[Left Bank of the Rhine]]. Maamulka Faransiiska hoos yimaada, Eichenbach waxay ka tirsanayd [[Canton of Adenau]], oo loo qoondeeyay [[Rhin-et-Moselle|Waaxda Rhine-Moselle]]. Heshiisyadii lagu soo gabagabeeyay [[Congress of Vienna]] kadib, gobolka, oo sidaas darteed Eichenbach, wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Kingdom of Prussia]] 1815. Eichenbach (oo ay la socoto Fronhofen) waxay noqotay mid madaxbannaan keliya 1839; hore, tuulooyinka yaryar ee Eichenbach, Fronhofen, iyo [[Ohlenhard]] waxay ka tirsanaayeen degmada [[Wershofen]].<ref name="dilibri1817">[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/pageview/135541 Der Regierungs-Bezirk Coblenz nach seiner Lage, Begränzung, Größe, Bevölkerung …], Coblenz: Pauli, 1817 p. 55.</ref> Degmada Eichenbach waxay ka tirsanayd [[Mayoralty of Aremberg]] ee [[Adenau (district)|degmada Adenau]], taas oo ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Koblenz (region)|Gobolka Dowladda ee Coblenz]] iyo [[Rhine Province]]. Sannadkii 1932, degmadii Adenau waa la kala diray, degmadii Eichenbach-na waxaa loo qoondeeyay [[Ahrweiler (district)|degmada Ahrweiler]]. Tan iyo 1946, degmadu waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], iyo tan iyo 1970, qayb ka mid ah [[Verbandsgemeinde Adenau]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === [[Municipal council (Germany)|Golaha degmada]] ee Eichenbach wuxuu ka kooban yahay lix xubnood oo golaha ah, oo lagu soo doortay [[Majority voting|codka badnaanta]] [[local elections in Rhineland-Palatinate 2024|doorashadii deegaanka ee Juun 9, 2024]], iyo [[Local mayor|duqa degmada]] sharafku u yahay guddoomiye.<ref name="Wahl_2024">{{Cite web |author=Heinz Stollenwerk (Ortsbürgermeister und Wahlleiter) |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/5/ausgabe/24/2024/artikel/00000000000042838323-OL-5-2024-24-24-0 |title=Bekanntmachung des Ergebnisses der Wahl zum Ortsgemeinderat der Ortsgemeinde Eichenbach am 09.06.2024 |work=Adenauer Nachrichten, Ausgabe 24/2024 |publisher=Linus Wittich Medien GmbH, Höhr-Grenzhausen |date=2024-06-11 |access-date=2024-07-14}}</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Daniel Neubusch wuxuu noqday duqa degmada Eichenbach Luulyo 4, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/5/ausgabe/28/2024/artikel/00000000000043207686-OL-5-2024-28-28-0 |title=Konstituierende Sitzung am 04.07.2024 |work=Adenauer Nachrichten, Ausgabe 28/2024 |publisher=Linus Wittich Medien GmbH, Höhr-Grenzhausen |access-date=2024-07-14}}</ref> [[direct election|Doorashadii tooska ahayd]] ee Juun 9, 2024, waxaa loo doortay musharrax keliya ah oo helay 74.0% codadka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rlp-kw24.wahlen.23degrees.eu/wahlen/direktwahlen-gemeindeebene/1310102100 |title=Eichenbach, Ortsbürgermeisterwahl (Gemeinde) 09.06.2024 |work=Kommunalwahlergebnisse Eichenbach |publisher=Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz |access-date=2024-07-14}}</ref> Hordhaca Neubusch ee duqa degmada wuxuu ahaa Heinz Stollenwerk.<ref name="Wahl_2024" /><ref>{{Cite web |author=Der Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz |url=https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html |title=Direktwahlen 2019 |others=see Adenau, Verbandsgemeinde, eighth result row |access-date=2020-08-07}}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == [[File:Eichenbach-14-Nothelfer-Kapelle.jpg|thumb|14-Nothelfer-Kapelle (Chapel of the 14 Holy Helpers)|left|176x176px]] * Kor ku xusan bartamaha tuulada waxaa taagan [[Chapel|kiriisad yar]], oo loo qoondeeyay [[Fourteen Holy Helpers]]. Dhigista dhagaxii aasaaska waxay dhacday Luulyo 27, 1937, waxaana la dhammaystiray 1941. Sannadkii 1977, dhismaha waa la habeeyay wuxuuna helay kuleylinta kaydinta habeenkii sanadka 2000. Gudaha waxaa ku jira gargaar ka timid meel waddo ah oo ka timid 1626 iyo sidoo kale tirooyinka alwaaxa ee 14 Caawiye Quduus ah.<ref>[http://www.eichenbach.de/Kapelle/Kapelle1.htm Die Kapelle von Eichenbach], Website of the municipality of Eichenbach, accessed on January 2, 2022.</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pkzbqrgtvcieuopsvdn2mnawiisb327 0 50500 304724 2026-08-10T14:23:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eichenbühl COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|42|N|9|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichenbühl in MIL.svg |state = Bayern |region = Unterfranken |district = Miltenberg |elevation = 158 |area = 31.23 |postal_code = 63928, 97896 (Ebenheiderhof) |area_code = 09371 |licence = MIL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 76 119 |divisions = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.eichenbuehl.de www.eichenbuehl.de] |mayor = Günther Winkler<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Eichenbühl''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪçn̩byːl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Miltenberg (district)|Miltenberg]] ee gobolka ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Lower Franconia]] (''Unterfranken'') ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Eichenbühl waxay ku taal gobolka Bavarian Lower Main (''Bayerischer Untermain''). === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Degmooyinka hoose (''[[Ortsteil]]e'') ee Eichenbühl waa Eichenbühl, Guggenberg, Heppdiel, Pfohlbach, Riedern iyo Windischbuchen. == Taariikhda == Xaruntii dibadda ee Riedern waxaa ka yimid qoyskii sharafta lahaa ee isla magaca ahaa ee Riedern, kaasoo astaanta gaashaankiisu uu ahaa dheri cas, kaasoo weli ah [[charge (heraldry)|astaanta]] [[coat of arms|gacmaha hubka]] ee degmada maanta. Bulshadii ka tirsanayd [[Archbishopric of Mainz]] waxaa la guddoonsiiyay 1803 [[Reichsdeputationshauptschluss]] Amiiraddii Leiningen, kadibna waxaa dhexdhexaadiyay [[Baden]], 1803-na waxaa loo gacangeliyay [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt]]. Heshiiskii Hesse-Bavaria ee [[Frankfurt]] ee 1816, ugu dambayn waxay u gudubtay Bavaria. Intii lagu guda jiray dib-u-habeynta maamulka ee Bavaria, degmada hadda jirta waxay timid ''Gemeindeedikt'' ("Amarka Degmada") ee 1818. === Horumarka dadweynaha === Xuduudaha magaalada dhexdeeda, 2,553 qof ayaa la tirsaday 1970, 2,680 sanadkii 1987, 2000 2,809 iyo 2013 2,572. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Duqa magaalada waa Günther Winkler (CSU). Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 14 xubnood, iyadoo kuraasta loo qaybiyay sida soo socota: * [[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|CSU]] 9 kursi * [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]/Unabhängige Wählergemeinschaft 5 kursi === Gacmaha hubka === Gacmaha hubka ee degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per saltire in chief gules a wheel spoked of six argent, dexter argent a pot of the first with two spouts, sinister a flag, the pole of the first per bend sinister, the flag square of the first to sinister of the pole, thereon a cross bottonnée of the field, in base gules issuant from the base point palewise an oak sprig leafed of two and acorned of three of the second. [[Wheel of Mainz|Taayirka Mainz]] oo leh lix af iyo midabada [[tincture (heraldry)|tinctures]] argent iyo gules (lacag iyo casaan) waxay tixraacayaan maamulkii hore ee [[Archbishopric of Mainz|Electoral Mainz]]. Dheriga cas waxaa laga soo qaatay gacmaha hubka ee ay hore u soo qaateen Rabbigii Riedern, kuwaas oo markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1206, oo dabar go'ay 1588. Calanku wuxuu u taagan yahay Heppdiel, iskutallaabta ku taal waa iskutallaabta [[Saint Maurice]], oo tixraacaysa Kaniisadda Parish ee Saint Maurice ee Heppdiel. Laanta geedkii waa [[Canting arms|canting]] magaca Eichenbühl (''Eiche'' macnaheedu waa "geedkii" [[German language|Jarmal]]), waxaana laga soo qaatay gacmaha hubka ee duugga ah ee Eichenbühl, oo la tuuray 1959. Gacmaha hubka waxaa la sitey tan iyo 1995. == Isboorti == Sanad walba, [[Automobilclub von Deutschland|AvD]]/GAMSC International Lower Franconia [[Hillclimbing|Hillclimb]] ayaa la qabtaa. Sannad kasta, fuulista buuraleydu waxay ku raaxaysataa xamaasad weyn. Koorsadu waa 3.05&nbsp;km dherer ah waxayna martaa [[Staatsstraße|Staatsstraße]] 507 ee ka timid Eichenbühl ilaa Umpfenbach. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Sida ay sheegayaan tirakoobyada rasmiga ah, waxaa jiray 254 shaqaale ah oo ka qaybqaatay daryeelka bulshada oo ka shaqeynayey ganacsiga iyo [[transport|gaadiidka]] 1998. Meelaha kale, 76 shaqaale ah oo ka qaybqaatay daryeelka bulshada ayaa shaqeeyay, 1,009 shaqaale ah oo sidaas oo kale ahna waxay ka shaqeeyeen guriga. Waxaa jiray 0 ganacsi oo wax soo saar leh. Toddobo ganacsi waxay ku jireen dhismaha, waxaana intaas dheer, 1999, waxaa jiray 32 hawlood oo beeraha ah oo leh aag shaqo oo ah 1&nbsp;076&nbsp;ha, taas oo 716&nbsp;ha ay ahayd dhulka beeraha iyo 351&nbsp;ha ay ahayd dhulka cawska. === Waxbarashada === 1999 hay'adaha soo socda waxay ka jireen Eichenbühl: * [[Kindergarten|Goobaha carruurta]]: 75 meelood oo ay ku jiraan 107 carruur ah * [[Primary school|Dugsiyada hoose]]: 1 oo leh 18 macallin iyo 309 arday == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eichenbuhl}} gkrurk5gr881jgiruf06na65s98r27x 304725 304724 2026-08-10T14:23:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eichenbühl COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|42|N|9|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichenbühl in MIL.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Miltenberg |elevation = 158 |area = 31.23 |postal_code = 63928, 97896 (Ebenheiderhof) |area_code = 09371 |licence = MIL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 76 119 |divisions = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.eichenbuehl.de www.eichenbuehl.de] |mayor = Günther Winkler<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Eichenbühl''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪçn̩byːl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Miltenberg (district)|Miltenberg]] ee gobolka ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Lower Franconia]] (''Unterfranken'') ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Eichenbühl waxay ku taal gobolka Bavarian Lower Main (''Bayerischer Untermain''). === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Degmooyinka hoose (''[[Ortsteil]]e'') ee Eichenbühl waa Eichenbühl, Guggenberg, Heppdiel, Pfohlbach, Riedern iyo Windischbuchen. == Taariikhda == Xaruntii dibadda ee Riedern waxaa ka yimid qoyskii sharafta lahaa ee isla magaca ahaa ee Riedern, kaasoo astaanta gaashaankiisu uu ahaa dheri cas, kaasoo weli ah [[charge (heraldry)|astaanta]] [[coat of arms|gacmaha hubka]] ee degmada maanta. Bulshadii ka tirsanayd [[Archbishopric of Mainz]] waxaa la guddoonsiiyay 1803 [[Reichsdeputationshauptschluss]] Amiiraddii Leiningen, kadibna waxaa dhexdhexaadiyay [[Baden]], 1803-na waxaa loo gacangeliyay [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt]]. Heshiiskii Hesse-Bavaria ee [[Frankfurt]] ee 1816, ugu dambayn waxay u gudubtay Bavaria. Intii lagu guda jiray dib-u-habeynta maamulka ee Bavaria, degmada hadda jirta waxay timid ''Gemeindeedikt'' ("Amarka Degmada") ee 1818. === Horumarka dadweynaha === Xuduudaha magaalada dhexdeeda, 2,553 qof ayaa la tirsaday 1970, 2,680 sanadkii 1987, 2000 2,809 iyo 2013 2,572. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Duqa magaalada waa Günther Winkler (CSU). Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 14 xubnood, iyadoo kuraasta loo qaybiyay sida soo socota: * [[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|CSU]] 9 kursi * [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]/Unabhängige Wählergemeinschaft 5 kursi === Gacmaha hubka === Gacmaha hubka ee degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per saltire in chief gules a wheel spoked of six argent, dexter argent a pot of the first with two spouts, sinister a flag, the pole of the first per bend sinister, the flag square of the first to sinister of the pole, thereon a cross bottonnée of the field, in base gules issuant from the base point palewise an oak sprig leafed of two and acorned of three of the second. [[Wheel of Mainz|Taayirka Mainz]] oo leh lix af iyo midabada [[tincture (heraldry)|tinctures]] argent iyo gules (lacag iyo casaan) waxay tixraacayaan maamulkii hore ee [[Archbishopric of Mainz|Electoral Mainz]]. Dheriga cas waxaa laga soo qaatay gacmaha hubka ee ay hore u soo qaateen Rabbigii Riedern, kuwaas oo markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1206, oo dabar go'ay 1588. Calanku wuxuu u taagan yahay Heppdiel, iskutallaabta ku taal waa iskutallaabta [[Saint Maurice]], oo tixraacaysa Kaniisadda Parish ee Saint Maurice ee Heppdiel. Laanta geedkii waa [[Canting arms|canting]] magaca Eichenbühl (''Eiche'' macnaheedu waa "geedkii" [[German language|Jarmal]]), waxaana laga soo qaatay gacmaha hubka ee duugga ah ee Eichenbühl, oo la tuuray 1959. Gacmaha hubka waxaa la sitey tan iyo 1995. == Isboorti == Sanad walba, [[Automobilclub von Deutschland|AvD]]/GAMSC International Lower Franconia [[Hillclimbing|Hillclimb]] ayaa la qabtaa. Sannad kasta, fuulista buuraleydu waxay ku raaxaysataa xamaasad weyn. Koorsadu waa 3.05&nbsp;km dherer ah waxayna martaa [[Staatsstraße|Staatsstraße]] 507 ee ka timid Eichenbühl ilaa Umpfenbach. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Sida ay sheegayaan tirakoobyada rasmiga ah, waxaa jiray 254 shaqaale ah oo ka qaybqaatay daryeelka bulshada oo ka shaqeynayey ganacsiga iyo [[transport|gaadiidka]] 1998. Meelaha kale, 76 shaqaale ah oo ka qaybqaatay daryeelka bulshada ayaa shaqeeyay, 1,009 shaqaale ah oo sidaas oo kale ahna waxay ka shaqeeyeen guriga. Waxaa jiray 0 ganacsi oo wax soo saar leh. Toddobo ganacsi waxay ku jireen dhismaha, waxaana intaas dheer, 1999, waxaa jiray 32 hawlood oo beeraha ah oo leh aag shaqo oo ah 1&nbsp;076&nbsp;ha, taas oo 716&nbsp;ha ay ahayd dhulka beeraha iyo 351&nbsp;ha ay ahayd dhulka cawska. === Waxbarashada === 1999 hay'adaha soo socda waxay ka jireen Eichenbühl: * [[Kindergarten|Goobaha carruurta]]: 75 meelood oo ay ku jiraan 107 carruur ah * [[Primary school|Dugsiyada hoose]]: 1 oo leh 18 macallin iyo 309 arday == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eichenbuhl}} ily7u22vtnnps9ycf3ucy1leh3fdnmy 0 50501 304726 2026-08-10T14:25:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eichendorf COA.svg |image_photo = Markt_Eichendorf_Panorama.jpg |image_caption = Panorama of Eichendorf |coordinates = {{coord|48|38|N|12|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichendorf in DGF.png |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Dingolfing-Landau |elevation = 355 |area = 98.19 |postal_code = 94428 |area_code = 09952, 09956 und 08547 |licence = DGF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 79 113 |divisions = 118 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.markt-eichendorf.de/ www.markt-eichendorf.de] |mayor = Josef Beham<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Eichendorf''' ''({{langx|bar|Oachadoaf}})'' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Dingolfing-Landau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta juqraafiyeed === Eichendorf waxay ku taal webiga [[Vils (Danube)|Vils]]. Magaalada suuqa ah waa mid aad u miiggi ah waxayna u adeegtaa sidii xarun maamul oo loogu talagalay miyiga ku xeeran. == Taariikhda == === Qarnigii 19-aad iyo ka hor === Deganaanshaha "Euchendorf" waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti taariikhdiisu tahay March 24, 1075 oo ka yimid Pope [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]], kaas oo uu ku xaqiijiyay Bishop Altmann von Passau deeqda saddex beerood iyo kaniisad Eichendorf ah oo loo dhiibay Kurdiga St. Nikola ee Passau. Dhulka haray wuxuu ku haray hantida Bishop, oo u badan inay leedahay tan iyo qarnigii 8-aad. Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 12-aad ilaa qarnigii 14-aad waxaa u muuqda inuu jiray sharaf gobolka ah. Kaydka [[Aldersbach Abbey]] Heinricus de Euchendorf waxaa lagu xusay marqaati ahaan 1170, iyo kaydka Kaniisadda St. Nikola Karl von Euchendorf waxaa lagu xusay 1334. 1350 Heinrich der Euchendorfer wuxuu helay dhul ka tirsan Abbey of St. Nikola ee Leibrecht. Sannadkii 1264 Eichendorf waxaa lagu xusay sida "forum Eichendorf", - Market Eichendorf - diiwaanka hantida iyo dakhliga ee Prince-Bishopric of Passau. Sannadkii 1358 Eichendorf waxay horay u lahayd xaq u leedahay inay qabato saddex suuq oo sannadle ah iyo suuq toddobaadle ah, oo lagu xaqiijiyay warqad ka timid duke [[Albert I, Duke of Bavaria|Albert of Bavaria]]. Oktoobar 7, 1334 Boqortooyada Roomaanka Quduuska ah [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]] iyo abtiugii Duke [[Henry XIV, Duke of Bavaria|Henry ee Lower Bavaria]] waxay ku kulmeen Eichendorf wada xaajood heshiis ah. Aaggu waxaa si xun u saameeyay [[War of the Succession of Landshut]]; Sida magdhow ahaan dadka magaalada ee dib u dhiska, Duke [[William IV, Duke of Bavaria|William IV]] wuxuu oggolaaday suuq afraad oo sannadle ah. [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]], ciidamadii Iswidhishka waxay gubeen Eichendorf dhulka (gebi ahaanba, marka laga reebo kaniisadda). Dab kale oo dhacay 1835, 1848 iyo 1850 ayaa burburiyay degmooyin dhan. Eichendorf waxaa loo dallacsiiyay heerka kaniisadda 1896; waxay hore uga tirsanayd kaniisadda Dornach. === Qarnigii 20-aad === Furitaanka khadka tareenka ee laga bilaabo Aufhausen ilaa Kröhstorf 1915 wuxuu siiyay magaalada xiriirkeedii ugu horreeyay ee tareenka. Tareenada waxay joojiyeen socodka 1971 waxaana jidka la dumiyay 1973; maalmahan jidka baaskiilka ee Vilstal wuxuu maraa halkii uu tareenku mar marin jiray. [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] Eichendorf wuxuu yimid hoosta dabka qaarna degmooyinka waa la burburiyay. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} aodypps22u5ilc0mrlwymyiv5eqcy1c 0 50502 304727 2026-08-10T14:26:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Eichenzell |image_coa = DEU Eichenzell COA.svg |image_photo = Eichenzell-12-Schloss Fasanerie-2019-gje.jpg |image_caption = [[Fasanerie]] Palace in Eichenzell |coordinates = {{coord|50|29|N|09|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichenzell in FD.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Fulda |elevation = 314 |area = 55.96 |postal_code = 36124 |area_code = 06659 |licence = FD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 31 006 |website = [http://www.eichenzell.de www.eichenzell.de] |mayor = Johannes Rothmund<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CDU }} '''Eichenzell''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Fulda (district)|Fulda]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]], 7&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta magaalada [[Fulda]]. [[Briefzentrum (Deutsche Post)|Xarunta warshadaynta warqadaha]] ee [[Deutsche Post]] ee gobolka weyn ee Fulda waxay ku taal Eichenzell. [[Die Rhöner Säuwäntzt]], oo ah koox Skiffle-Blues ah, waxay ka yimaadaan Eichenzell-Lütter waxayna isticmaalaan sawirka buuraleyda ee gobolka bandhigyadooda. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} l6ninxk3y6dcz9eerri6t6lw4kp438e 0 50503 304728 2026-08-10T14:28:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = Eichigt 2009-05-23.jpg |image_coa = Wappen Eichigt.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|21|N|12|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichigt in V.svg |state = |district = Vogtlandkreis |elevation = 523 |area = 32.72 |postal_code = 08626 |area_code = 037430 und 037421 |licence = V, AE, OVL, PL, RC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14523080 |divisions = 10 |website = [http://www.eichigt.de/ www.eichigt.de] |mayor = Stephan Meinel<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2021-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2021], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;28 }} '''Eichigt''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Vogtlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Tani waxay ahayd meesha saddex-geesoodka ah ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka Galbeed, Jarmalka Bariga, iyo Czechoslovakia. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} l8xhyoxqs6034c1r47t59yxjsz5b7zn 0 50504 304729 2026-08-10T14:29:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Eichstedt (Altmark) |image_photo = |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-90-135 Eichstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|41|N|11|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichstedt_(Altmark)_in_SDL.png |state = |district = Stendal |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Arneburg-Goldbeck |elevation = 34 |area = 32.82 |postal_code = 39596 |area_code = 039388 |licence = SDL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 90 135 |website = [http://www.arneburg-goldbeck.de/ www.arneburg-goldbeck.de] |mayor = Matthias Templin<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 }} '''Eichstedt (Altmark)''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪçʃtɛt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Stendal (district)|Stendal]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. 1 Janaayo 2010, waxay soo gashay degmooyinkii hore [[Baben]] iyo [[Lindtorf]].<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} abe2gvikqfamdfb70q6t8su85gv1l4b 0 50505 304730 2026-08-10T14:31:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Eichstegen.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|56|18|N|09|29|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eichstegen in RV.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Ravensburg |Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = Altshausen |elevation = 600 |area = 14.24 |postal_code = 88361 |area_code = 07584 |licence = RV |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 36 027 |website = [http://www.eichstegen.de www.eichstegen.de] |mayor = Artur Rauch<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Eichstegen''' waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Ravensburg (district)|Ravensburg]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ifqfe9fquj2a7ig2iuyclyuyh3p503d 0 50506 304731 2026-08-10T14:33:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen_Eickeloh.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|44|N|09|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Eickeloh_in_HK.svg |state = |district = Heidekreis |Samtgemeinde = Ahlden |elevation = 24 |area = 13.31 |postal_code = 29693 |area_code = 05164 |licence = HK, SFA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 58 006 |mayor = Julia Rühmkorf |Bürgermeistertitel= Bürgermeisterin }} '''Eickeloh''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪkəloː}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Heidekreis|Heidekreis district]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} cyc2milpaoal92y12qjkjr35s8c54na 0 50507 304732 2026-08-10T14:34:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Eicklingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|33|N|10|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eicklingen in CE.svg |state = |district = Celle |Samtgemeinde = Flotwedel |elevation = 43 |area = 22.89 |postal_code = 29358 |area_code = 05144, 05149 |licence = CE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 51 007 |mayor = [[Jörn Schepelmann]] |party = CDU }} '''Eicklingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪklɪŋən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Celle (district)|Celle]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} oxd16ybj03mn57h4vrfyns2ljxpvvbj 0 50508 304733 2026-08-10T14:35:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | name = Eidertal | type = Amt | image_photo = | image_caption = | image_coa = Eidertal Amt Wappen.png | image_flag = | coordinates = {{coord|54|15|N|10|04|E|display=title, inline|region:DE-SH}} | image_plan = Amt Eidertal in RD.png | plantext = Map of Rendsburg-Eckernförde highlighting Eidertal | state = | district = [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]] | elevation = | elevationmax = | area = 78.38 | postal_code = | area_code = | licence = | Gemeindeschlüssel = 010585896 | divisions = 10 municipalities | website = | mayor =[[Dennys Bornhöft]] | Bürgermeistertitel =Amtsvorsteher | party =FDP | year = 2023 }} '''Eidertal''' waa ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' ("degmo wadareed") ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]] ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa la abuuray June 2023 kimidkii hore ee ''Ämter'' ee [[Flintbek (Amt)|Flintbek]] iyo [[Molfsee (Amt)|Molfsee]].<ref name=destatis>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2023.html Gebietsänderungen von Januar bis Dezember 2023], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> Xarunta ''Amt'' waxay ku taal Flintbek. Magacu wuxuu tilmaamayaa dooxada webiga [[Eider (river)|Eider]]. ''Amt'' Eidertal waxay ka kooban tahay degmooyinka soo socda:<ref name=destatis/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *[[Blumenthal, Schleswig-Holstein|Blumenthal]] *[[Böhnhusen]] *[[Flintbek]] *[[Mielkendorf]] *[[Molfsee]] *[[Rodenbek (municipality)|Rodenbek]] *[[Rumohr]] *[[Schierensee]] *[[Schönhorst]] *[[Techelsdorf]] {{div col end}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6r7n033as4f84z5m3vekk8lrpgn0krr 0 50509 304734 2026-08-10T14:37:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eigeltingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|51|33|N|08|53|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eigeltingen in KN.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Konstanz |elevation = 483 |area = 59.27 |postal_code = 78253 |area_code = 07774 |licence = KN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 35 021 |website = [http://www.eigeltingen.de/ www.eigeltingen.de] |mayor = Alois Fritschi<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-eigeltingen-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Eigeltingen 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = CDU }} '''Eigeltingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪɡl̩tɪŋən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Konstanz (district)|Konstanz]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} kpnbz2g6d1r3560ojxv5byiyzy8ma93 0 50510 304735 2026-08-10T14:38:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Eilscheid |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|07|46|N|06|23|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eilscheid in BIT.svg |state = |region = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Arzfeld |elevation = 521 |area = 2.38 |postal_code = 54649 |area_code = 06654 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 217 |website = [http://www.eilscheid.de/ www.eilscheid.de] |mayor = Lothar Pütz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Eilscheid''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nahmer |first=Wilhelm von der |url= |title=Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts |date=1832 |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Giese |first=P. |url= |title=Explosion Seismology in Central Europe: Data and Results |last2=Prodehl |first2=C. |last3=Stein |first3=A. |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-642-66403-8 |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=2010 |date=2010-01-13 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-598-44084-7 |language=}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} ihk1u6x4vt7h43za1npphzagul1wh13 0 50511 304736 2026-08-10T14:40:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-83-190 Eilsleben COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|9|N|11|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eilsleben in BK.png |state = |district = Börde |Verbandsgemeinde = Obere Aller |elevation = 148 |area = 55.61 |postal_code = 39365 |area_code = 039409 |licence = BK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 83 190 |website = |mayor = Matthias Finke<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 }} '''Eilsleben''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Börde (district)|Börde]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Janaayo 2010 waxay soo gashay degmadii hore [[Wormsdorf]] iyo Sebtembar 2010 degmooyinkii hore [[Drackenstedt]], [[Druxberge]] iyo [[Ovelgünne]].<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f2fu557y019jgmodn2wcz1ravwqcfsq 0 50512 304737 2026-08-10T14:41:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Eimeldingen |image_coa = Wappen Eimeldingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|47|37|50|N|07|35|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eimeldingen in LÖ.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Lörrach |elevation = 269 |area = 3.55 |postal_code = 79591 |area_code = 07621 |licence = LÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 36 019 |website = [http://www.eimeldingen.de/ www.eimeldingen.de] |mayor = Oliver Friebolin<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2016&ndash;24 }} '''Eimeldingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪml̩dɪŋən}}; {{langx|gsw|Eimeldinge}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lörrach (district)|Lörrach]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} eadzoro4awe7ugdmjkerw8mk2yg61m2 0 50513 304738 2026-08-10T14:43:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|52|35|N|9|46|53|E|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eimen in HOL.svg |state = |district = Holzminden |Samtgemeinde = Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf |elevation = 188 |area = 16.32 |postal_code = 37632 |area_code = 05534, 05565 |licence = HOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 55 012 |website = [https://samtgemeindeverwaltung.de/gemeinde-eimen/ Samtgemeinde] |mayor = Werner Allerkamp |party = SPD }} '''Eimen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Holzminden (district)|Holzminden]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} m7ivzma4zts36k9za70669kzgao6bam 0 50514 304739 2026-08-10T14:45:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eimke COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|58|N|10|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eimke in UE.svg |state = |district = Uelzen |Samtgemeinde = Suderburg |elevation = 64 |area = 82.83 |postal_code = 29578 |area_code = 05873 |licence = UE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 60 007 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.eimke.de/start_eimke.htm www.eimke.de] |mayor = Dirk-Walter Amtsfeld |party = CDU |image_photo = Eimke - Dorfkirche ex 04 ies.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisad ku taal Eimke }} '''Eimke''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Uelzen (district)|Uelzen]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} r5sfjy948xm8jwpmxvx3f24qm17yrpp 0 50515 304740 2026-08-10T14:47:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|49|50|N|11|51|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eineborn in SHK.svg |state = |district = Saale-Holzland-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hügelland/Täler |elevation = 285 |area = 7.89 |postal_code = 07646 |area_code = 036426 |licence = SHK, EIS, SRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 74 017 |website = [http://www.huegelland-taeler.de www.huegelland-taeler.de] |mayor = Bodo Pufe<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Eineborn''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saale-Holzland]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6mpfhanjnttw26dycuel54hd6uemtla 0 50516 304741 2026-08-10T14:48:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Ansverus kreuz P7240068.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Cross of {{ill|Ansverus|de}} in Einhaus |image_flag = Flagge Einhaus.png |image_coa = DEU Einhaus COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|43|N|10|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Einhaus in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Lauenburgische Seen |elevation = 3 |area = 2.53 |postal_code = 23911 |area_code = 04541 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 026 |website = [http://www.amt-lauenburgische-seen.de/ www.amt-<br />lauenburgische-<br />seen.de] |mayor = Joachim Meinke |party = }} '''Einhaus''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪnhaʊs|-|De-Einhaus.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} orso8ow9isdvp6lc0e3wfuf1hyuhq7j 0 50517 304742 2026-08-10T14:50:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Einig1.jpg |image_coa = DEU Einig COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|17|01|N|7|16|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Einig in MYK.PNG |state = |district = Mayen-Koblenz |Verbandsgemeinde = Maifeld (Verbandsgemeinde) |elevation = 310 |area = 3.09 |postal_code = 56751 |area_code = 02654 |licence = MYK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 023 |mayor = Hans Münch<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Einig''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪnɪç}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Mayen-Koblenz|Mayen-Koblenz]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} eypbz3elkxan1oxlc1cvnf7l9d180hd 0 50518 304743 2026-08-10T14:51:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Blick auf Einselthum.jpg |image_caption = View of Einselthum with the [[Pfrimm]] valley and [[Donnersberg]] mountain in the background |image_coa = DEU Einselthum COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|39|06|N|08|07|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Einselthum in KIB.svg |state = |district = Donnersbergkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Göllheim |elevation = 165 |area = 5.51 |postal_code = 67308 |area_code = 06355 |licence = KIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 33 018 |website = [https://www.einselthum.de/ www.einselthum.de] |mayor = Simone Rühl-Pfeiffer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Donnersbergkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Einselthum''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Donnersbergkreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} quc0x77tpj4hfksry97sqhx7frs1my4 304744 304743 2026-08-10T14:52:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Blick auf Einselthum.jpg |image_caption = Muuqaalka Einselthum oo leh dooxada [[Pfrimm]] iyo buurta [[Donnersberg]] oo gadaasha ka muuqata |image_coa = DEU Einselthum COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|39|06|N|08|07|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Einselthum in KIB.svg |state = |district = Donnersbergkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Göllheim |elevation = 165 |area = 5.51 |postal_code = 67308 |area_code = 06355 |licence = KIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 33 018 |website = [https://www.einselthum.de/ www.einselthum.de] |mayor = Simone Rühl-Pfeiffer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Donnersbergkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Einselthum''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Donnersbergkreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 15ajxea0ck1pg2yqsadkotafvnmol1x 0 50519 304745 2026-08-10T14:53:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eiselfing COA.svg |image_photo = St. Rupertus Eiselfing-3.jpg |image_caption = {{ill|Church of Saint Rupert, Eiselfing|lt=Church of Saint Rupert|de|St. Rupertus (Eiselfing)}} |coordinates = {{coord|48|3|N|12|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eiselfing in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 470 |area = 34.89 |postal_code = 83549 |area_code = 08071 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 126 |website = [http://www.eiselfing.eu/ www.eiselfing.eu] |mayor = Georg Reinthaler<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = Grüne }} '''Eiselfing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪzl̩fɪŋ}}; [[Central Bavarian]]: ''Oaslfing'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0t5o3ana4dz02uds650s6tp1d4c1k8a 304746 304745 2026-08-10T14:54:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eiselfing COA.svg |image_photo = St. Rupertus Eiselfing-3.jpg |image_caption = {{ill|Kaniisadda Saint Rupert, Eiselfing|lt=Kaniisadda Saint Rupert|de|St. Rupertus (Eiselfing)}} |coordinates = {{coord|48|3|N|12|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eiselfing in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 470 |area = 34.89 |postal_code = 83549 |area_code = 08071 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 126 |website = [http://www.eiselfing.eu/ www.eiselfing.eu] |mayor = Georg Reinthaler<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = Grüne }} '''Eiselfing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪzl̩fɪŋ}}; [[Central Bavarian]]: ''Oaslfing'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} n6b8t8533d55m37q5iy2l0orv3scu7h 0 50520 304747 2026-08-10T14:55:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa =DEU Eisendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|12|N|9|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eisendorf in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Nortorfer Land |elevation = 27 |area = 5.5 |postal_code = 24589 |area_code = 04392 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 045 |website = [http://www.amt-nortorfer-land.de www.amt-nortorfer-<br />land.de] |mayor = Bernd Irps |party = }} '''Eisendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪzn̩dɔʁf}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Sidoo kale fiiri == *[[Isaiah Eisendorf]] (dhashay 1996), cayaaryahan kubbadda koleyga oo Mareykan-Israa'iili ah oo ka tirsan [[Israeli Basketball Premier League]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} a5cqg5uhhonaitejrpuwr60rxj2xcr9 0 50521 304748 2026-08-10T14:57:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eisenheim COA.svg |image_photo = Eisenheim, WÜ - Obereisenheim v O, Mainfähre.jpg |image_caption = Obereisenheim |coordinates = {{coord|49|53|N|10|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eisenheim in WÜ.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Würzburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Estenfeld |elevation = 200 |area = 11.56 |postal_code = 97247 |area_code = 09386 |licence = WÜ, OCH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 79 167 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.eisenheim.info www.eisenheim.info] |mayor = Christian Holzinger<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Eisenheim''' waa magaalo suuq ah iyo [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Würzburg (district)|Würzburg]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Main (river)|Main]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Karl Friedrich Cerf]], maamulaha tiyaatarka Jarmalka == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[List of Franconian wine towns]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline|Category:Eisenheim}} {{Authority control}} 7vqqcrcgtvyol014nrjztmjfphdahez 0 50522 304749 2026-08-10T14:58:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_skyline = 23 Eisfeld mit Schloß.jpg |image_caption = Aerial view of Eisfeld |image_coa = DEU Eisfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|25|N|10|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eisfeld in HBN.png |state = |district = Hildburghausen |elevation = 440 |area = 86.52 |postal_code = 98673 |area_code = 03686 |licence = HBN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 69 012 |divisions = 6 |website = [https://www.stadt-eisfeld.de/ www.stadt-eisfeld.de] |mayor = Christoph Bauer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |party = FW }} '''Eisfeld''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪsˌfɛlt|-|De-Eisfeld.ogg}}) waa magaalo iyo degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Hildburghausen (district)|Hildburghausen]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Werra]], 12 km bari ka [[Hildburghausen]], iyo 19 km waqooyi ka [[Coburg]]. Degmadii hore ee [[Sachsenbrunn]] waxaa lagu daray Eisfeld Janaayo 2019. == Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada == * [[Georg Rhau]] (1488–1548), daabacaade buug iyo Thomaskantor * {{ill|Carl Barth (engraver)|lt=Carl Barth|de|Carl Barth}} (1787–1853), sawir-qaade iyo [[Chalcography|chalcographer]] * [[Otto Ludwig (writer)|Otto Ludwig]] (1813–1865), qoraa == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 62kmlump660ck9zmbmzhieznqykehe4 0 50523 304750 2026-08-10T15:00:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Eisighofen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|24.4464|N|8|1|13.7712|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eisighofen in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Aar-Einrich |elevation = 320 |area = 5.42 |postal_code = 56370 |area_code = 06486 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 036 |website = |mayor = Alexander Lorch<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Eisighofen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ururka bulshada ee [[Aar-Einrich|Aar-Einrich]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} k1vadyezgrvy12bzfx9oxj9xc2a17ca 0 50524 304751 2026-08-10T15:02:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Eislingen-Fils COA.svg |image_photo = Ausblick vom Wannenhof nach Eislingen - panoramio (1).jpg |image_caption = View of Eislingen from the north |coordinates = {{coord|48|41|36|N|9|42|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eislingen-Fils in GP.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Göppingen |elevation = 336 |area = 16.41 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08117019 |postal_code = 73054 |area_code = 07161 |licence = GP |mayor = Klaus Heininger<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger für Baden-Württemberg, accessed 12 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 |Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor |party = Independent |website = {{URL|https://www.eislingen.de/}} }} '''Eislingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪslɪŋən|-|De-Eislingen.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Eislingen-ta Koonfureed (Kleineislingen) waxay noqotay hanti ka tirsan Württemberg sanadkii 1492 halka Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga (Großeislingen) ay qabsatay [[Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]]. Xilligii qaybinta degmada waxay keentay khilaaf u dhexeeya [[Imperial Knights]] (''Reichsritter'') ee maxalliga ah ilaa [[Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire|kala diristii]] [[Holy Roman Empire]] sanadkii 1803. Dhacdooyinkii [[Protestant Reformation]] ee Jarmalka waxay keeneen qayb saddexaad oo ka mid ah Eislingen oo hoos timaada [[Duchy of Württemberg]] iyo maamul wadajir ah oo lala lahaa Würzburg inta kale ee magaalada ah. Sanadkii 1802, Würzburg waxaa qabsaday [[Electorate of Bavaria]]. Tani, waxay ka dhigtay Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga hanti ka tirsan Bavaria ilaa laga wareejiyay sanadkii 1806 [[Kingdom of Württemberg]] ee markaas jiray. [[Stuttgart]] waxay u qoondeysay Eislingen {{ill|Oberamt Göppingen|de}}, degmo dib loo habeeyay 1938 oo ahayd Landkreis Göppingen. Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga iyo Koonfureed waxay ku midoobeen magaalo keliya, oo lagu magacaabo Eislingen-Fils, sanadkii 1933. Magaalada Krummwälden waxaa lagu daray Eislingen sanadkii 1935. Dhismihii [[Fils Valley Railway]] ee soo dhex maray Eislingen sanadkii 1845 wuxuu bilaabay xilli warshadeyn iyo ballaarinta dadweynaha ah oo sii socday ka dib [[World War II]] taasoo ka dhigtay Eislingen degmada ugu dadka badan ee hoos timaada awoodda Göppingen. Eislingen waxaa lagu dhawaaqay magaalo weyn, ama ''[[Große Kreisstadt]]'', sanadkii 2012.<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Eislingen-Fils|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/681/Eislingen-Fils|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Magaalada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Stadt]]'') ee Eislingen waxay ku taal waqooyiga [[Göppingen (district)|degmada Göppingen]], ee gobolka Jarmalka ee [[States of Germany|Baden-Württemberg]]. Eislingen waxay si rasmi ah ugu taal dooxada webiga [[Fils (river)|Fils]], afka [[Krumm (river)|Krumm]], ee {{ill|Foothills of the central Swabian Jura|de|Vorland der mittleren Schwäbischen Alb|lt=bartamaha}} iyo {{ill|Foothills of the eastern Swabian Jura|de|Vorland der östlichen Schwäbischen Alb|lt=bariga}} lugaha hore ee [[Swabian Jura]]. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeya ugu sarreeya [[Normalnull|{{convert|479|m|sp=us}} NN]], waqooyi-bari, ilaa ugu hooseeya [[Normalnull|{{convert|324|m|sp=us}} NN]] ee ku yaal webiga Fils.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Siyaasadda == Eislingen waxay leedahay hal xaafad (''Stadtteile''), Eislingen-Fils, iyo shan tuulo: Eschenbäche, Etzberg, Krummwälden, Stumpenhof, iyo Täleshof. Waxaa jira saddex [[abandoned villages|tuulo oo la dayacay]] oo ku yaal aagga degmada: Brunnenweiler, Ehrenstetten, iyo Hammertweil.<ref name=LEO-BW/> === Calanka degmada === [[Coat of arms|Calanka]] Eislingen waa mid u qaybsan afar qaybood oo [[Division of the field#Common divisions|''party per cross'']] ah, laba [[Argent|cad]] ah iyo laba [[Azure (heraldry)|bulug]] ah. Qeybta sare ee [[blazon|calaamadda]] waa {{ill|Hirschstange|de|lt=gees deer}} oo u beddelmaya caddaan iyo bulug marka uu ka gudbo qaybaha kala duwan. Qaabkani wuxuu ahaa calanka Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga waxaana dib u qaatay magaalada Eislingen markii ay midoobeen Eislingen-ta Koonfureed sanadkii 1933. Midabka bulugga iyo caddaanka ah [[Tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] waa tixraac ku aadan Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg, geeska deernkana waa Württemberg. Geeska deeradu wuxuu ahaa madow ilaa 1955.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == * {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Villány]], [[Hungary]], tan iyo Abriil 1989<ref>{{cite web|title=Villany (Ungarn)|url=https://www.eislingen.de/de/Leben-in-Eislingen/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerstaedte/Villany-(Ungarn)|publisher=City of Eislingen|language=de|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref> * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Oyonnax]], [[France]], tan iyo 17 Diseembar 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=Oyonnax (Frankreich)|url=https://www.eislingen.de/de/Leben-in-Eislingen/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerstaedte/Oyonnax-(Frankreich)|publisher=City of Eislingen|language=de|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref> == Gaadiidka == Eislingen waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] [[Bundesstraße 10]], gaar ahaan ballaarinta afar-jidka ah ee wadada taas oo la dhammeeyey sanadkii 2006. Magaalada waxaa kale oo lagu xiray nidaamka tareenada Jarmalka iyada oo la sii marayo [[Fils Valley Railway]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee maxalliga ah waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsgemeinschaft Stauferkreis|de}} iyo {{ill|Regional Bus Stuttgart|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} cba15fqexzxz5qldmcvaslan13aacua 304752 304751 2026-08-10T15:03:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Eislingen-Fils COA.svg |image_photo = Ausblick vom Wannenhof nach Eislingen - panoramio (1).jpg |image_caption = Aragtida Eislingen ee waqooyiga |coordinates = {{coord|48|41|36|N|9|42|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eislingen-Fils in GP.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Göppingen |elevation = 336 |area = 16.41 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08117019 |postal_code = 73054 |area_code = 07161 |licence = GP |mayor = Klaus Heininger<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger für Baden-Württemberg, accessed 12 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 |Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor |party = Independent |website = {{URL|https://www.eislingen.de/}} }} '''Eislingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪslɪŋən|-|De-Eislingen.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Eislingen-ta Koonfureed (Kleineislingen) waxay noqotay hanti ka tirsan Württemberg sanadkii 1492 halka Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga (Großeislingen) ay qabsatay [[Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]]. Xilligii qaybinta degmada waxay keentay khilaaf u dhexeeya [[Imperial Knights]] (''Reichsritter'') ee maxalliga ah ilaa [[Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire|kala diristii]] [[Holy Roman Empire]] sanadkii 1803. Dhacdooyinkii [[Protestant Reformation]] ee Jarmalka waxay keeneen qayb saddexaad oo ka mid ah Eislingen oo hoos timaada [[Duchy of Württemberg]] iyo maamul wadajir ah oo lala lahaa Würzburg inta kale ee magaalada ah. Sanadkii 1802, Würzburg waxaa qabsaday [[Electorate of Bavaria]]. Tani, waxay ka dhigtay Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga hanti ka tirsan Bavaria ilaa laga wareejiyay sanadkii 1806 [[Kingdom of Württemberg]] ee markaas jiray. [[Stuttgart]] waxay u qoondeysay Eislingen {{ill|Oberamt Göppingen|de}}, degmo dib loo habeeyay 1938 oo ahayd Landkreis Göppingen. Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga iyo Koonfureed waxay ku midoobeen magaalo keliya, oo lagu magacaabo Eislingen-Fils, sanadkii 1933. Magaalada Krummwälden waxaa lagu daray Eislingen sanadkii 1935. Dhismihii [[Fils Valley Railway]] ee soo dhex maray Eislingen sanadkii 1845 wuxuu bilaabay xilli warshadeyn iyo ballaarinta dadweynaha ah oo sii socday ka dib [[World War II]] taasoo ka dhigtay Eislingen degmada ugu dadka badan ee hoos timaada awoodda Göppingen. Eislingen waxaa lagu dhawaaqay magaalo weyn, ama ''[[Große Kreisstadt]]'', sanadkii 2012.<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Eislingen-Fils|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/681/Eislingen-Fils|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Magaalada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Stadt]]'') ee Eislingen waxay ku taal waqooyiga [[Göppingen (district)|degmada Göppingen]], ee gobolka Jarmalka ee [[States of Germany|Baden-Württemberg]]. Eislingen waxay si rasmi ah ugu taal dooxada webiga [[Fils (river)|Fils]], afka [[Krumm (river)|Krumm]], ee {{ill|Foothills of the central Swabian Jura|de|Vorland der mittleren Schwäbischen Alb|lt=bartamaha}} iyo {{ill|Foothills of the eastern Swabian Jura|de|Vorland der östlichen Schwäbischen Alb|lt=bariga}} lugaha hore ee [[Swabian Jura]]. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeya ugu sarreeya [[Normalnull|{{convert|479|m|sp=us}} NN]], waqooyi-bari, ilaa ugu hooseeya [[Normalnull|{{convert|324|m|sp=us}} NN]] ee ku yaal webiga Fils.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Siyaasadda == Eislingen waxay leedahay hal xaafad (''Stadtteile''), Eislingen-Fils, iyo shan tuulo: Eschenbäche, Etzberg, Krummwälden, Stumpenhof, iyo Täleshof. Waxaa jira saddex [[abandoned villages|tuulo oo la dayacay]] oo ku yaal aagga degmada: Brunnenweiler, Ehrenstetten, iyo Hammertweil.<ref name=LEO-BW/> === Calanka degmada === [[Coat of arms|Calanka]] Eislingen waa mid u qaybsan afar qaybood oo [[Division of the field#Common divisions|''party per cross'']] ah, laba [[Argent|cad]] ah iyo laba [[Azure (heraldry)|bulug]] ah. Qeybta sare ee [[blazon|calaamadda]] waa {{ill|Hirschstange|de|lt=gees deer}} oo u beddelmaya caddaan iyo bulug marka uu ka gudbo qaybaha kala duwan. Qaabkani wuxuu ahaa calanka Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga waxaana dib u qaatay magaalada Eislingen markii ay midoobeen Eislingen-ta Koonfureed sanadkii 1933. Midabka bulugga iyo caddaanka ah [[Tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] waa tixraac ku aadan Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg, geeska deernkana waa Württemberg. Geeska deeradu wuxuu ahaa madow ilaa 1955.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == * {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Villány]], [[Hungary]], tan iyo Abriil 1989<ref>{{cite web|title=Villany (Ungarn)|url=https://www.eislingen.de/de/Leben-in-Eislingen/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerstaedte/Villany-(Ungarn)|publisher=City of Eislingen|language=de|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref> * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Oyonnax]], [[France]], tan iyo 17 Diseembar 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=Oyonnax (Frankreich)|url=https://www.eislingen.de/de/Leben-in-Eislingen/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerstaedte/Oyonnax-(Frankreich)|publisher=City of Eislingen|language=de|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref> == Gaadiidka == Eislingen waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] [[Bundesstraße 10]], gaar ahaan ballaarinta afar-jidka ah ee wadada taas oo la dhammeeyey sanadkii 2006. Magaalada waxaa kale oo lagu xiray nidaamka tareenada Jarmalka iyada oo la sii marayo [[Fils Valley Railway]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee maxalliga ah waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsgemeinschaft Stauferkreis|de}} iyo {{ill|Regional Bus Stuttgart|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 62jc0sieicik4oqdslekqptvldh24rk 0 50525 304753 2026-08-10T15:04:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eiterfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|46|N|09|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eiterfeld in FD.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Fulda |elevation = 349 |area = 89.83 |postal_code = 36132 |area_code = 06672 |licence = FD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 31 007 |divisions = 17 districts |website = [https://www.eiterfeld.de/ www.eiterfeld.de] |mayor = Hermann-Josef Scheich<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;24 |party = Independent }} '''Eiterfeld''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Fulda (district)|Fulda]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal waqooyiga degmada, 25 km waqooyi ka [[Fulda]]. == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Schloss Buchenau]] * [[Burg Fürsteneck]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.eiterfeld.de/ Official site] {{in lang|de}} * [https://www.schloss-buchenau.de Schloss Buchenau] {{in lang|de}} * [https://www.burg-fuersteneck.de Burg Fürsteneck] {{in lang|de}} [[Image:www.burg-fuersteneck.de aerial view.jpg|thumb|left|Castle Burg Fürsteneck]] {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} rbv0h20aix7ztbfoi5scxg9dzs16bld 0 50526 304754 2026-08-10T15:06:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = |name = Eitorf |image_coa = DEU Eitorf COA.svg |image_photo = Eitorf Ortszentrum.JPG |image_caption = Aerial view of the town center |coordinates = {{coord|50|46|11|N|7|27|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eitorf in SU.svg |state = |region = Köln |district = Rhein-Sieg-Kreis |elevation = 95 |area = 69.9 |postal_code = 53783 |area_code = 02243 |licence = SU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 3 82 016 |divisions = 58 |website = [http://www.eitorf.de/ www.eitorf.de] |mayor = Rainer Viehof<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 29 June 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;25 |party = independent }} '''Eitorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪtɔʁf}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rhein-Sieg]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Sieg (river)|Sieg]], qiyaastii 25 km bari ka magaalo [[Bonn]]. == Taariikhda == === Taariikhda hore === Aagga ay ku jirto Eitorf waxaa asal ahaan degganaa [[Sicambri]], kuwaas oo ugu dambeyntii ay ku dhowaadeen in Romans-ku ay gebi ahaanba tirtiraan. Aaggu wuxuu ka tirsanaa gobolka degganaanshaha Jarmalka ee aan la deyn ''Germania Libera.'' Intaa ka dib, [[Ripuarian Franks]] waxay ka soo baxeen Tenkterer iyo dad kale oo Faransiis ah oo ku nool gobolka waxayna sii wateen xiriir dheer oo adag oo lala yeeshay Romans-ka - marka hore sida cadawgoodii, ka dibna masaakiintoodii, ugu dambeyntiina dhaxaltoodii xukunka dhammaan Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka. Magacyada degsiimooyinka Frankish ee xilligaas badanaa waxay leeyihiin dhammaadka -ingen, oo [[Köttingen]] ay tahay tusaalaha kaliya ee deegaanka ee soo hartay. Markii la kala qaybiyay [[Francia|Boqortooyada Frankish]] ee hoos tagta [[Charlemagne]], aaggu wuxuu markii hore ka tirsanaa boqortooyada [[Louis the German]] waxaana ka dib [[Duchy of Lorraine]]. Hoosteeda [[Ottonian Dyanasty]], aaggu wuxuu ka tirsanaa Duchy ee Lower Lorraine ee [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Boqor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] hoostiisa, degmada Rhein-Sieg waxay ka tirsan tahay Degmada Hoose ee Rhine, taas oo faaftay laga soo bilaabo [[Meuse]] ({{langx|de|Maas}}) ilaa [[Bremen]]. [[Duchy of Berg]] ayaa markii dambe ka soo baxday isla aaggan. === Dhexdhexaadkii Qarniyadii === Xusiddu ugu horreysay ee la diiwaangeliyey ee Eitorf waxay ka timid dukumenti uu qoray Boqorka Quduuska ah ee Roomaanka [[Conrad III of Germany]] kaas oo [[Stift]] ee [[Vilich]] la xaqiijiyay, waxyaabo kale, inuu helay ''Villa Eidtorph'' 978. Wax jiray guryo dhismayaal ah oo dhowr ah oo laga dhisay aagga, oo ay ku jiraan [[Welterode Fortress]], oo qayb ka mid ah ay hartay ilaa maanta. === Xilligii casriga ahaa === Qarnigii 16-aad, Eitorf wuxuu noqday kursiga [[Landesgericht]]. Eitorf waxaa saameeyay dagaallo dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan [[Thirty Years' War]], intii lagu jiray mid ka mid ah saddexdii qofba uu dhintay 1631. == Dalxiiska == Hoteellada ugu sarreeya ee la qiimeeyay iyo B&B's ee Eitorf * [http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g1063601-d1091618-Reviews-Landhotel_Steffens-Eitorf_North_Rhine_Westphalia.html Landhotel Steffens] * [http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g1063601-d1134972-Reviews-Gut_Heckenhof_Hotel_Golfresort_an_der_Sieg-Eitorf_North_Rhine_Westphalia.html Gut Heckenhof Hotel & Golfresort an der Sieg] == Dadka == * [[Alexander Neu]] (dhashay 1969), siyaasi (Bidixda) * [[Phillip P. Peterson]] (dhashay 1977), qoraa) == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Eitorf}} {{Authority control}} lgb98qmhnln1hmhm6n7sz9w9tiobkck 304755 304754 2026-08-10T15:06:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = |name = Eitorf |image_coa = DEU Eitorf COA.svg |image_photo = Eitorf Ortszentrum.JPG |image_caption = Muuqaalka cirka ee bartamaha magaalada |coordinates = {{coord|50|46|11|N|7|27|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eitorf in SU.svg |state = |region = Köln |district = Rhein-Sieg-Kreis |elevation = 95 |area = 69.9 |postal_code = 53783 |area_code = 02243 |licence = SU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 3 82 016 |divisions = 58 |website = [http://www.eitorf.de/ www.eitorf.de] |mayor = Rainer Viehof<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 29 June 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;25 |party = independent }} '''Eitorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪtɔʁf}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rhein-Sieg]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Sieg (river)|Sieg]], qiyaastii 25 km bari ka magaalo [[Bonn]]. == Taariikhda == === Taariikhda hore === Aagga ay ku jirto Eitorf waxaa asal ahaan degganaa [[Sicambri]], kuwaas oo ugu dambeyntii ay ku dhowaadeen in Romans-ku ay gebi ahaanba tirtiraan. Aaggu wuxuu ka tirsanaa gobolka degganaanshaha Jarmalka ee aan la deyn ''Germania Libera.'' Intaa ka dib, [[Ripuarian Franks]] waxay ka soo baxeen Tenkterer iyo dad kale oo Faransiis ah oo ku nool gobolka waxayna sii wateen xiriir dheer oo adag oo lala yeeshay Romans-ka - marka hore sida cadawgoodii, ka dibna masaakiintoodii, ugu dambeyntiina dhaxaltoodii xukunka dhammaan Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka. Magacyada degsiimooyinka Frankish ee xilligaas badanaa waxay leeyihiin dhammaadka -ingen, oo [[Köttingen]] ay tahay tusaalaha kaliya ee deegaanka ee soo hartay. Markii la kala qaybiyay [[Francia|Boqortooyada Frankish]] ee hoos tagta [[Charlemagne]], aaggu wuxuu markii hore ka tirsanaa boqortooyada [[Louis the German]] waxaana ka dib [[Duchy of Lorraine]]. Hoosteeda [[Ottonian Dyanasty]], aaggu wuxuu ka tirsanaa Duchy ee Lower Lorraine ee [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Boqor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] hoostiisa, degmada Rhein-Sieg waxay ka tirsan tahay Degmada Hoose ee Rhine, taas oo faaftay laga soo bilaabo [[Meuse]] ({{langx|de|Maas}}) ilaa [[Bremen]]. [[Duchy of Berg]] ayaa markii dambe ka soo baxday isla aaggan. === Dhexdhexaadkii Qarniyadii === Xusiddu ugu horreysay ee la diiwaangeliyey ee Eitorf waxay ka timid dukumenti uu qoray Boqorka Quduuska ah ee Roomaanka [[Conrad III of Germany]] kaas oo [[Stift]] ee [[Vilich]] la xaqiijiyay, waxyaabo kale, inuu helay ''Villa Eidtorph'' 978. Wax jiray guryo dhismayaal ah oo dhowr ah oo laga dhisay aagga, oo ay ku jiraan [[Welterode Fortress]], oo qayb ka mid ah ay hartay ilaa maanta. === Xilligii casriga ahaa === Qarnigii 16-aad, Eitorf wuxuu noqday kursiga [[Landesgericht]]. Eitorf waxaa saameeyay dagaallo dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan [[Thirty Years' War]], intii lagu jiray mid ka mid ah saddexdii qofba uu dhintay 1631. == Dalxiiska == Hoteellada ugu sarreeya ee la qiimeeyay iyo B&B's ee Eitorf * [http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g1063601-d1091618-Reviews-Landhotel_Steffens-Eitorf_North_Rhine_Westphalia.html Landhotel Steffens] * [http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g1063601-d1134972-Reviews-Gut_Heckenhof_Hotel_Golfresort_an_der_Sieg-Eitorf_North_Rhine_Westphalia.html Gut Heckenhof Hotel & Golfresort an der Sieg] == Dadka == * [[Alexander Neu]] (dhashay 1969), siyaasi (Bidixda) * [[Phillip P. Peterson]] (dhashay 1977), qoraa) == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Eitorf}} {{Authority control}} etuop6jovl388zsntmqkvbronoew5xi 0 50527 304756 2026-08-10T15:08:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eitting COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|22|N|11|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eitting in ED.svg |image_photo = Eitting 2.JPG |image_caption = Aerial view |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Erding |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Oberding |elevation = 449 |area = 35.63 |postal_code = 85462 |area_code = 0 81 22 |licence = ED |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09177116 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.eitting.de www.eitting.de] |mayor = Reinhard Huber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Eitting''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪtɪŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Erding (district)|Erding]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} mnfloeg2j7no9e0o872g7z1atdxjezs 304757 304756 2026-08-10T15:08:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Eitting COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|22|N|11|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eitting in ED.svg |image_photo = Eitting 2.JPG |image_caption = Muuqaalka hawada |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Erding |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Oberding |elevation = 449 |area = 35.63 |postal_code = 85462 |area_code = 0 81 22 |licence = ED |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09177116 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.eitting.de www.eitting.de] |mayor = Reinhard Huber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Eitting''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪtɪŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Erding (district)|Erding]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} p71ymldizhyr1qztkkm4lmv4puiofpq 0 50528 304758 2026-08-10T15:10:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen der Gemeinde Eixen.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|54|10|N|12|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Eixen_in_VR.svg |image_photo = Kirche Eixen.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda Eixen |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Recknitz-Trebeltal |elevation = 19 |area = 55.98 |postal_code = 18334 |area_code = 038222 |licence = NVP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 022 |website = {{url|http://www.eixen.info/}} |mayor = André Bonitz |party = }} '''Eixen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3d58ewvzinqh5m1wofv6xax9qeffbws 0 50529 304759 2026-08-10T15:12:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|48|27|06|N|10|05|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elchingen in NU.svg |image_photo = Elchingen2.jpeg |image_caption = [[Keniisadda Elchingen]] |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Neu-Ulm |elevation = 465 |area = 24.89 |postal_code = 89275 |area_code = 0731, 07308 |licence = NU, ILL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 75 139 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://elchingen.de/ elchingen.de] |mayor = Joachim Eisenkolb<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], (in German), 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = Ind }} [[File:Elchingen 1619.jpg|thumb|Elchingen in 1619]] [[File:Unterthalfingen-1903.jpg|thumb|Unter-Thalfingen in 1903]] '''Elchingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlçɪŋən}}) waa [[municipality|degmo]] qiyaastii 7 km bari ka [[Ulm]]–[[Neu-Ulm]] ee degmada [[Neu-Ulm (district)|Neu-Ulm]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Qaybaha degmada: * Thalfingen: 4 211 deganayaal, 8.83 km² * Oberelchingen: 3 024 deganayaal, 7.31 km² * Unterelchingen: 2 863 deganayaal, 8.76 km² == Taariikhda == 1294, Elchingen (maanta: Unterelchingen) waxaa u iibiyay Konrad of Plochingen kawada kaniisadda Cistercian ee Salem. Unterelchingen waxay ku jirtay hantideeda ilaa xilligii la haystaa 1802. Unterelchingen weligood ma aysan haysanin Kaniisadda Elchingen. 1803, Ober-, Unter-elchingen iyo Thalfingen waxay noqdeen Bavarian, sababtoo ah Sharciga Weyn ee Deputation Imperial. Kaniisadda [[Benedictine]] ee Elchingen waxaa la aasaasay bilowgii qarnigii 12-aad. 1395 dukumentiyadii dhabta ahaa oo dhan waxaa lagu burburiyay dab. Marka taariikhda quduusinimada ee suurtogalka ah (15 Ogosto 1128) lama caddayn karo. Qiyaastii 1500, qabsadihii Jarmalka Ambrosius Ehinger ayaa halkaas ku dhashay. Waxa uu dib u noqday shaqsi muhiim ah gumeysiga Klein-Venedig ee Venezuela casriga ah. Waxaa dilay qabiilooyinka asaliga ah 1533 iyagoo raadinaya El Dorado ee khuraafaadka ah. Elchingen waxay caan ku noqotay [[Battle of Elchingen]]: 14 Oktoober 1805 ciidamadii [[Napoleon]] ee hoos imaanayay taliska Marshal [[Michel Ney]] waxay ka adkaadeen [[Austria]]ns. Hal maalin ka dib [[Battle of Ulm]] ayaa bilaabantay, taas oo ka dib [[Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich|Karl Mack von Leiberich]] ugu dambeyntii uu qasbay inuu is dhiibo. 1806 Napoleon wuxuu siiyay cinwaanka ''Duc d'Elchingen'' Marshal Ney<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Elchingen|volume=9|page=164}}</ref> waxaana magaca Elchingen lagu xardhay [[Arc de Triomphe]] ee [[Paris]]. Gobolka guushii Napoleon waxay ka dhigan tahay dhammaadka sareyntii Austria taas oo keentay dib u habeynta aagga [[Württemberg]] iyo Bavaria. Degmada maanta ee Elchingen waa natiijada dib u habeynta Bavaria 1 Maajo 1978 iyada oo lagu daray Thalfingen, Oberelchingen iyo Unterelchingen. === Tirada dadka degan === <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width: 620 height:200 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:10000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:2500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2002 text:2002 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2004 text:2004 bar:2005 text:2005 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2007 text:2007 bar:2008 text:2008 bar:2009 text:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 text:2011 PlotData= color:barra width:40 align:center bar:2001 from:0 till: 9336 bar:2002 from:0 till: 9320 bar:2003 from:0 till: 9326 bar:2004 from:0 till: 9294 bar:2005 from:0 till: 9232 bar:2006 from:0 till: 9213 bar:2007 from:0 till: 9239 bar:2008 from:0 till: 9244 bar:2009 from:0 till: 9185 bar:2010 from:0 till: 9187 bar:2011 from:0 till: 9164 PlotData= bar:2001 at: 9336 fontsize:S text: 9.336 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2002 at: 9320 fontsize:S text: 9.320 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2003 at: 9326 fontsize:S text: 9.326 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2004 at: 9294 fontsize:S text: 9.294 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2005 at: 9232 fontsize:S text: 9.232 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2006 at: 9213 fontsize:S text: 9.213 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2007 at: 9239 fontsize:S text: 9.239 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2008 at: 9244 fontsize:S text: 9.244 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2009 at: 9185 fontsize:S text: 9.185 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2010 at: 9187 fontsize:S text: 9.187 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2011 at: 9164 fontsize:S text: 9.164 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) </timeline> == Duqa magaalada == *1984-2008: Anton Lang (dhintay 2008) *Nofembar 2008: Joachim Eisenkolb waxaa loo doortay duqa magaalada<ref>[http://www.elchingen.de/index.php4?id=44&Detail=166 Info about Elchingen] elchingen.de </ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2020 Joachim Eisenkolb waa duqa magaalada Elchingen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gemeinde Elchingen |url=https://innovationsregion-ulm.de/mitgliederliste/gemeinde-elchingen/?lang=en |access-date=29 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == === Gaadiidka === Elchingen waxay ku taal [[Bundesautobahn 8|A8 autobahn]], oo ku xerta Stuttgart iyo Munich, u dhow isgoyska ay A8 ka gudubto [[Bundesautobahn 7|A7]], waxayna leedahay bixitaankeeda gaarka ah. Elchingen sidoo kale waxay ku taal khadka tareenka ee u dhexeeya Ulm iyo [[Aalen]], oo loogu yeero ''Brenzbahn''. === Goobaha soo jiidashada leh === [[File:Martinstor Oberelchingen.jpg|thumb|150px|Martinstor Oberelchingen]] * Kaniisadda Katooliga St. Laurentius ee bartamaha Thalfingen. * Waqooyiga Thalfingen waa [[truck stop]] Seligweiler. * Kaniisadda Oberelchingen oo ay ku jirto kaniisaddii hore ee abbey St. Peter iyo Paul. === Isboortiga === Tuulada yar ee Thalfingen waxaa ku yaal hool badan oo la isticmaali karo, kaas oo si buuxda loo habeeyay 2005. === Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah === Kaniisadda Protestant-ka waxay qabataa dabaaldeg bulsho oo sanadle ah oo ka dhaca Thalfingen. "Narrabaumstella" ee dhaqanka ah, ee caanka ka ah gobolka, caado carnival ah oo Swabian-Alemannic ah ayaa ka dhacda sanad walbo Oberelchingen waxayna soo jiidataa boqolaal kaqeybgaleyaal ah wadooyinka Oberelchingen. === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * [[Ambrosius Ehinger]] (dhashay ka hor 1500-1533) qabsadihii Jarmalka iyo gudoomiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Venezuela * Konstantin Vidal (1900-1990), siyaasi Jarmal ah (CSU), 1946-1950 xubin ka tirsan [[Bavarian Parliament]] * Martin Grath (dhashay 1960 ee Thalfingen) Xubin ka tirsan Landtag * [[Katrin Albsteiger]], (dhashay 1983), siyaasi CSU ah == Suugaanta == *Franz Willbold: ''Napoleons Feldzug um Ulm. Die Schlacht von Elchingen 1805'' {{ISBN|3-7995-8027-1}} *Alfred Krauss: ''1805 – Der Feldzug von Ulm.'' Vienna 1912 (Khariidado ka socda tan [http://www.napoleon-online.de/html/1805karten.html napoleon-online.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328113539/http://www.napoleon-online.de/html/1805karten.html |date=28 March 2013 }}: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720011847/http://www.napoleon-online.de/Feldzug1805_Krauss14.jpg Dagaalkii u dhowaa Elchingen] und [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720145620/http://www.napoleon-online.de/Feldzug1805_Krauss15.jpg Xaaladda fiidkii 14 Oktoober]) == Tixraac == {{More footnotes needed|date=September 2019}} {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons|Kloster Elchingen}} * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} ak5vreepy4otyic117jqxxo4do4y6n7 0 50530 304760 2026-08-10T15:14:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name =Elchweiler |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = Elchweiler.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49.67313|7.20069|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elchweiler in BIR.svg |state = |district = Birkenfeld |Verbandsgemeinde = Birkenfeld |elevation = 370 |area = 2.15 |postal_code = 55765 |area_code = 06782 |licence = BIR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 34 021 |mayor = Helmut Aulenbach<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1340000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Birkenfeld], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Elchweiler''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmo wadareed – oo ku taal degmada [[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld]] ee [[Districts of Germany|degmooyinka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Birkenfeld (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Birkenfeld]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay magaca [[Birkenfeld|la mid ah]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmada waxay ku taal Molkenbach ee [[Hunsrück]]. === Degmooyinka la deriska ah === Elchweiler waxay xuduud la leedahay xagga waqooyiga degmada [[Niederhambach]] iyo xagga koonfureed degmada [[Schmißberg]]. === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Waxaa sidoo kale Elchweiler ka tirsan [[Ortsteil|xaafadda]] “Alte Schule”.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125005812/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf |date=2015-11-25 }}, Seite 19 (PDF)</ref> Guryaha beeraha waxay koonfur ka xigaan tuulada lafteeda oo ku taal xadka degmada ee Schmißberg. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay lix xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanta]] doorashadii golaha degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009. Waxay sidoo kale doortaan duqa magaalada ee sharafku yahay gudoriye ahaan.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1340202200.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada Elchweiler waa Helmut Aulenbach.<ref name=mayor/> === Calanka degmada === Qoraalka Jarmalka ee blazon waa: ''Unter rot-silbern geschachtem Schildhaupt in Grün ein goldenes Elchgeweih mit Grind.'' [[Coat of arms|Calanka]] degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|halyeyga]] Ingiriisiga ah waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Madaxa hoostiisa ee countercompony gules iyo argent, vert geeska elk ee ku dheggan madaxa Or. Madaxa [[chief (heraldry)|chief]] countercompony (taas oo ah, oo leh laba saf oo laba jibbaaran oo ah [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] isbedbeddela) waxay xasuusinaysaa calankii hore ee ay qaadatay “Hinder” [[County of Sponheim]], kuwaas oo ahaa “Chequy gules iyo argent” (taas oo ah, dhammaan [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] waxaa lagu daboolay qaab shaxar cas iyo lacag ah), iyo sidaas darteed sidoo kale xukunkii hore ee feudal ee Sponheims ee Elchweiler. Geesaha iyo madaxa [[Moose|elk]] waa [[Canting arms|calaamad]] [[charge (heraldry)|magaca]] degmada, taas oo macnaheedu yahay “Elk Hamlet” (halkan waxaa loogu jeedaa Eurasian elk, ama moose), inkasta oo tani, dhab ahaantii, ay tahay tusaale ka mid ah [[folk etymology]]. Calanka waxaa la sitay tan iyo 23 Sebtembar 1964.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vgv-birkenfeld.de/gemeinden/elchweiler/elchweiler_start.htm |title=Description and explanation of Elchweiler’s arms |access-date=2011-09-12 |archive-date=2012-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325011448/http://www.vgv-birkenfeld.de/gemeinden/elchweiler/elchweiler_start.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Gaadiidka === Xagga koonfureed waxaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 41, oo u kaxaysa [[Autobahn|Autobahn-ka]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). U dhow [[Hoppstädten-Weiersbach|Neubrücke]] waa [[railway station|saldhig tareen]] oo ku yaal [[Nahe Valley Railway]] ([[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]]–[[Saarbrücken]]). == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.vgv-birkenfeld.de/gemeinden/elchweiler/elchweiler_start.htm Elchweiler in the collective municipality’s webpages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325011448/http://www.vgv-birkenfeld.de/gemeinden/elchweiler/elchweiler_start.htm |date=2012-03-25 }} {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} r6jcghupmdjep8us8wmwxmqqmeix4pb 0 50531 304761 2026-08-10T15:15:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Eldena.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|13|N|11|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eldena in LUP.svg |image_photo = Eldena Kriegerdenkmal 1914-18 und 1939-45.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Xusuusta dagaalka ee Eldena |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Grabow |elevation = 21 |area = 33.98 |postal_code = 19294 |area_code = 038755 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 037 |divisions = 5 |website = [http://www.amt-grabow.de www.amt-grabow.de] |mayor = Reinhard Tiede }} '''Eldena''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9nexz7tzi3lcmmo4z6uo1x0kng5ft93 0 50532 304762 2026-08-10T15:17:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|18|N|12|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eldetal in MSE.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Röbel-Müritz |elevation = 68 |area = 71.82 |postal_code = 17209 |area_code = 039925 |licence = MÜR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 175 |website = {{url|http://www.amt-roebel-mueritz.de}} |mayor = }} '''Eldetal''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa la abuuray laga bilaabo 26 May 2019 iyadoo la mideeyay degmooyinkii hore ee [[Grabow-Below]], [[Massow]], [[Wredenhagen]] iyo [[Zepkow]]. Waxay magaceeda ka soo qaadatay webiga [[Elde]], ee dhex mara degmada. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} az4jbzpbw9rd9wtgwednbtq2v9uqc32 0 50533 304763 2026-08-10T15:18:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen_Eldingen_725x800.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|41|05|N|10|20|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eldingen in CE.svg |state = |district = Celle |Samtgemeinde = Lachendorf |elevation = 71 |area = 57.04 |postal_code = 29351 |area_code = 05148 |licence = CE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 51 008 |website = [http://www.lachendorf.de/ www.lachendorf.de] |mayor = Hans-Joachim Lübbe }} '''Eldingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛldɪŋən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Celle (district)|Celle]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Xusiddu ugu horreysay ee Eldingen waxay ka dhacdaa dukumenti, oo lagu xiray shaashad, laga bilaabo sannadkii 1231. Waxay xaqiijinaysaa iibsashada kaniisadda Eldingen (''Elthinge'') ee ay samaysay kaniisad daris ah.<ref>24, Document 62. Lower Saxony Regional Archives, Wolfenbüttel.</ref> Tuuladu waxay noqotay Protestant sannadkii 1543. Sida xarunta Herren von Elding—oo leh guryo badan oo xor ah iyo kaniisad—waxay ka badbaadday Dagaalkii 30-ka Sanno. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Heinrich Severloh]] (1923-2006) Qori-mashiiniyadeed Jarmal ah intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] ee [[352nd Infantry Division]], oo caan ku ah inuu mas'uul ka ahaa in ka badan 1,000 iyo suurtogal in ka badan 2,000 oo dhibbanayaal ah oo soo gaaray Askariga Mareykanka ee soo caga dhigatay [[Omaha Beach]] maalintii [[D-Day]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} iakq2t8d0ze247eckkqp3u9y4urfier 0 50534 304764 2026-08-10T15:20:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_skyline = Schloss Elgersburg.JPG |image_caption = Elgersburg Castle |image_coa = DEU Elgersburg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|16|N|10|51|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elgersburg in IK.svg |state = |district = Ilm-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Geratal/Plaue |elevation = 490 |area = 9.49 |postal_code = 98716 |area_code = 03677 |licence = IK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 70 011 |website = [http://www.elgersburg.com/ www.elgersburg.com] |mayor = Mario Augner<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Elgersburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlɡɐsbʊʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Ilm-Kreis]], [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Elgersburg Notgeld.jpg|thumb|left|The Elgersburg Castle]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8duv9inthz73gaeup7427xl62tmkvv8 304765 304764 2026-08-10T15:20:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_skyline = Schloss Elgersburg.JPG |image_caption = Qalcadda Elgersburg |image_coa = DEU Elgersburg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|16|N|10|51|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elgersburg in IK.svg |state = |district = Ilm-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Geratal/Plaue |elevation = 490 |area = 9.49 |postal_code = 98716 |area_code = 03677 |licence = IK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 70 011 |website = [http://www.elgersburg.com/ www.elgersburg.com] |mayor = Mario Augner<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Elgersburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlɡɐsbʊʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Ilm-Kreis]], [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Elgersburg Notgeld.jpg|thumb|left|The Elgersburg Castle]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} h15mr4a4uxyiycxxipis6ykmma3z83o 0 50535 304766 2026-08-10T15:22:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Elkenroth COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|43|40|N|7|52|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elkenroth in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Betzdorf-Gebhardshain |elevation = 450 |area = 8.15 |postal_code = 57578 |area_code = 02747 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 025 |website = [https://www.vg-bg.de/buergernah/gemeinden/ortsgemeinde-elkenroth/ www.vg-bg.de] |mayor = Peter Schwan<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Elkenroth''' waa degmo ku taal xadka gobolka [[Westerwald]] ee degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Amt (political division)|Verbandsgemeinde]] ee [[Betzdorf-Gebhardshain]]. == Gaadiidka == Elkenroth waxay ku taal [[Scheuerfeld–Emmerzhausen railway|Westerwald railway]], oo ay leedahay Westerwaldbahn GmbH, oo ka tirsan degmada Altenkirchen, khadka tareenku wuxuu hadda ka baxsan yahay adeegga. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.elkenroth.de Homepage of Elkenroth] * [http://www.vggebhardshain.de/ortsgem/chronik/chroni03.htm Chronicle] * [http://www.vggebhardshain.de Homepage of Verbandsgemeinde Gebhardshain] {{Authority control}} tvucw5ofbwvp7ctrsa3d0hvqhx920h1 0 50536 304767 2026-08-10T15:23:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|51|43|N|11|5|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elleben in IK.svg |state = |district = Ilm-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Riechheimer Berg |elevation = 320 |area = 17.01 |postal_code = 99334 |area_code = 036200 |licence = IK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 70 012 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.vg-riechheimer-berg.de/ www.vg-riechheimer-berg.de] |mayor = Corinne Krah<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Elleben''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ilm-Kreis]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Elleben waxay leedahay laba bulsho oo la magacaabay, Riechheim iyo Gügleben. == Taariikhda == Hoosteeda [[German Empire]] (1871–1918), Elleben waxay qayb ka ahayd Amiiraddii [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]], halka Riechheim iyo Gügleben ay ka mid ahaayeen [[Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} svrwa4zilefe0yv0a9gusqsjsmfaet7 0 50537 304768 2026-08-10T15:25:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Ellerau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|45|27|N|9|54|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellerau in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |elevation = 24 |area = 7.09 |postal_code = 25479 |area_code = 04106 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 019 |website = [http://www.ellerau.de/ www.ellerau.de] |mayor = Ralf Martens |party = }} '''Ellerau''' waa degmo ka tirsan ''[[Districts of Germany|Kreis]]'' (degmada) [[Segeberg]] ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], waqooyiga [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 24 km waqooyi ka [[Hamburg]], iyo 8 km waqooyi-galbeed ka [[Norderstedt]]. == Dadka caanka ah == [[Otto Friedrich August Meinardus]] Koptologist Jarmal ah, qoraa iyo baadariga (1925-2005) == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} s3vt3cz7g4wd3yxd6gr72ks0j6ddxpn 0 50538 304769 2026-08-10T15:26:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Ellerdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|11|48|N|9|50|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellerdorf in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Nortorfer Land |elevation = 22 |area = 10.2 |postal_code = 24589 |area_code = 04392 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 046 |website = [http://www.amt-nortorfer-land.de/ www.amt-nortorfer-<br />land.de] |mayor = Susanne Ott |party = }} '''Ellerdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlɐdɔʁf}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8nkoddj2dsvf0xqhpo0qr6mrtr7ct90 0 50539 304770 2026-08-10T15:28:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Ellerhoop COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|43|39|N|9|46|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellerhoop in PI.svg |state = |district = Pinneberg |Amt = Rantzau |elevation = 11 |area = 10.79 |postal_code = 25373 |area_code = 04120 |licence = PI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 56 014 |website = [http://www.ellerhoop.de www.ellerhoop.de] |mayor = Wiebke Uhl |party = CDU }} '''Ellerhoop''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlɐhoːp}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Pinneberg (district)|Pinneberg]] ee [[Schleswig Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay [[town twinning|mataano]] la tahay tuulada [[Hurst Green, East Sussex]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]. == Juqraafi == Ellerhoop waxay ku taal waqooyiga [[Hamburg]], u dhow [[Bundesautobahn 23|A23 Autobahn]]. == Meelaha la xiiseeyo == * [[Arboretum Ellerhoop-Thiensen]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nhqkg2u0gp6k1wfu0vjwn3xxktocxq4 0 50540 304771 2026-08-10T15:30:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Ellgau COA.svg |image_photo = Herrlehof.JPG |image_caption = Herrlehof |coordinates = {{coord|48|36|N|10|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellgau in A.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Augsburg |elevation = 1019 |area = 13.89 |postal_code = 86679 |area_code = 08273 |licence = A |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 136 |mayor = Christine Gumpp<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [https://www.ellgau.de www.ellgau.de] }} '''Ellgau''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Augsburg (district)|Augsburg]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rpzouplbtl2xc7nb344vr3vsuxg5a51 0 50541 304772 2026-08-10T15:31:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Ellhofen COA.svg |image_photo = Ellhofen von Suedosten 20070519.jpg |image_caption = View from South-East |coordinates = {{coord|49|9|N|9|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellhofen in HN.png |plantext = |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Heilbronn |Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = Raum Weinsberg |elevation = 189 |area = 5.86 |postal_code = 74248 |area_code = 07134 |licence = HN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 25 024 |website = [http://www.ellhofen.de/ www.ellhofen.de] |mayor = Felix Pontow<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-ellhofen-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Ellhofen 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = }} '''Ellhofen''' ({{IPA|de|ɛlˈhoːfn̩|lang|Ellhofen.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Heilbronn (district)|Heilbronn]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jfpph0h7acdufor0yvdahr04nc5e71h 304773 304772 2026-08-10T15:32:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Ellhofen COA.svg |image_photo = Ellhofen von Suedosten 20070519.jpg |image_caption = Muuqaal laga soo qaaday Koonfur-Bari |coordinates = {{coord|49|9|N|9|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellhofen in HN.png |plantext = |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Heilbronn |Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = Raum Weinsberg |elevation = 189 |area = 5.86 |postal_code = 74248 |area_code = 07134 |licence = HN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 25 024 |website = [http://www.ellhofen.de/ www.ellhofen.de] |mayor = Felix Pontow<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-ellhofen-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Ellhofen 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = }} '''Ellhofen''' ({{IPA|de|ɛlˈhoːfn̩|lang|Ellhofen.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Heilbronn (district)|Heilbronn]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} li2vlwk8431zmqh2dlwt4r9oowrqfne 0 50542 304774 2026-08-10T15:33:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Ellhöft<br><small>Ellehoved</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|52|N|8|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellhoeft in NF.PNG |state = |district = Nordfriesland |Amt = Südtondern |elevation = 6 |area = 7.82 |postal_code = 25923 |area_code = 04663 |licence = NF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 54 027 |website = [http://www.amt-suedtondern.de www.amt-suedtondern.de] |mayor = Jörg Thomsen }} '''Ellhöft''' ({{langx|da|Ellehoved}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Nordfriesland]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ellhoft}} mi6693iuekezeoju0b7of4nspk3qb0f 0 50543 304775 2026-08-10T15:43:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|32|N|10|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellingshausen in SM.png |state = |district = Schmalkalden-Meiningen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Dolmar-Salzbrücke |elevation = 310 |area = 6.77 |postal_code = 98617 |area_code = 036949 |licence = SM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 66 018 |website = {{URL|https://www.vg-dolmar-salzbruecke.de/}} |mayor = Reiner Baumann<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = CDU }} '''Ellingshausen''' ({{IPA|de|ɛlɪŋsˈhaʊzn̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schmalkalden-Meiningen]], [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3dxyjxor1yd3x3b1aj1v45xhnn48lgd 0 50544 304776 2026-08-10T15:44:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Ellingstedt<br><small>Ellingsted</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Ellingstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|29|N|9|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellingstedt in SL.PNG |state = |district = Schleswig-Flensburg |Amt = Arensharde |elevation = 12 |area = 21.49 |postal_code = 24870 |area_code = 04627 |licence = SL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 023 |website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20080306024941/http://www.amt-silberstedt.de/index.php www.amt-<br />silberstedt.de] |mayor = Klaus-Dieter Wendland |party = }} '''Ellingstedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlɪŋʃtɛt}}; {{langx|da|Ellingsted}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} srzmw9jkeqi05myvjfjs04yjyg4c2c1 0 50545 304777 2026-08-10T15:46:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Ellrich COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|35|8|N|10|40|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellrich in NDH.png |state = |district = Nordhausen |elevation = 255 |area = 69.43 |postal_code = 99755 |area_code = 036332 |licence = NDH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 62 005 |mayor = Henry Pasenow<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Ellrich''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlʁɪç|-|De-Ellrich2.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Nordhausen (district)|Nordhausen]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal cidhifka koonfureed ee [[Harz]], 13 km waqooyi-galbeed ka [[Nordhausen, Thuringia|Nordhausen]]. Waa deegaanka ugu waqooyi xiga ee Thuringia. == Taariikhda == === Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka === Intii lagu guda jiray [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Ellrich waxay hoy u ahayd laba [[subcamp (SS)|xero hoosaad]] oo kala ah {{ill|Ellrich-Juliushütte concentration camp annex|de|KZ-Außenlager Ellrich-Juliushütte|lt=Juliushütte}} iyo {{ill|Ellrich-Bürgergarten concentration camp annex|de|KZ-Außenlager Ellrich-Bürgergarten|lt=Bürgergarten}} oo ka tirsanaa [[Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp]].<ref>{{cite book |language=de |last=Wagner |first=Jens-Christian |date=2007 |title=Konzentrationslager Mittelbau-Dora 1943–1945. Begleitband zur ständigen Ausstellung in der KZ-Gedenkstätte Mittelbau-Dora |trans-title=Concentration Camp Mittelbau-Dora 1943-1945, accompanying volume to the permanent exhibition at the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp memorial site |chapter=Ellrich-Bürgergarten |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAzkfslOh1oC&pg=PA187 |publisher=Wallstein |location=Göttingen |page=187 |isbn=9783835301184 }}</ref> == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * [[Wilhelm Wiegand]] (1851–1915), taariikhyahan iyo kaydkiye * [[Wilhelm Apel]] (1905–1969), siyaasiga Hesse (SPD) iyo ku-xigeenka baarlamaanka gobolka Hesse * [[Dietrich Haugk]] (1925–2015), agaasimaha filimada iyo jilaaga codka * [[Rolf Hoppe]] (1930–2018), jilaa == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} bc2ngjy04zc9m98i9vds2tyhd9hhgm1 0 50546 304778 2026-08-10T15:47:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Ellweiler |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = Wappen Ellweiler.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|36|54|N|7|08|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellweiler in BIR.svg |state = |district = Birkenfeld |Verbandsgemeinde = Birkenfeld |elevation = 358 |area = 7.46 |postal_code = 55765 |area_code = 06782 |licence = BIR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 34 024 |website = [http://www.ellweiler.de/ www.ellweiler.de] |mayor = Christian Schöpfer<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1340000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Birkenfeld], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Ellweiler''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmo wadareed – oo ku taal degmada [[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld]] ee [[Districts of Germany|degmooyinka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Birkenfeld (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Birkenfeld]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay magaca [[Birkenfeld|la mid ah]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmada waxay ku taal Traunbach ee ''Schwarzwälder Hochwald'' (kaynta) ee [[Hunsrück]] oo u dhow xadka [[Saarland]]. Deegaanka degmadu waa 67.6% kayn ah. === Degmooyinka la deriska ah === Ellweiler waxay xuduud la leedahay xagga waqooyiga degmada [[Dambach, Germany|Dambach]], xagga barteeda [[Hoppstädten-Weiersbach]] (''[[Ortsteil]]'' ee Neubrücke) iyo xagga koonfureed degmada [[Nohfelden]] ee Saarland. === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Waxaa sidoo kale Ellweiler ka tirsan guryaha beeraha ee Haumbach, Neubrücker Mühle iyo Steinautal.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125005812/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A1132_201001_ur_G.pdf |date=2015-11-25 }}, Seite 19 (PDF)</ref> == Taariikhda == Qarnigii 12-aad, Ellweiler waxay lahayd xusiddukeedii ugu horreysay ee dukumenti. Kadib markii ay noqotay [[Electorate of Trier|Electoral-Trier]] [[fief]], waxay u gudubtay 1480 [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanta]] doorashadii golaha degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada ee sharafku yahay gudoriye ahaan.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1340202400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada Ellweiler waa Christian Schöpfer.<ref name=mayor/> === Calanka degmada === Qoraalka Jarmalka ee blazon waa: ''{{lang|de|In geteiltem Schild oben eine rote Elchschaufel in Gold, unten ein rotbewehrter, -gezungter und -gekrönter wachsender goldener Löwe in Schwarz.}}'' [[Coat of arms|Calanka]] degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|halyeyga]] Ingiriisiga ah waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per fess Or an elk's attire fesswise gules and sable issuant from base a demilion of the first armed, langued and crowned of the second. Geesaha [[Moose|elk]] waa [[Canting arms|calaamad]] [[charge (heraldry)|magaca]] [[German language|Jarmalka]] ''Elch'', oo macnaheedu yahay "(Eurasian) elk" (taas oo ah, "moose"), kaas oo loo qaatay inuu yahay isha ereyga ugu horreeya magaca tuulada (qaybta ''Weiler'' waxay ka dhigan tahay "[[Hamlet (place)|tuulo yar]]", laakiin ma jiro calaamad taas ah). Libaacu waxaa laga soo qaatay calankii hore ee ay qaadatay [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]. Calanka waxaa la sitay tan iyo 1963. == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Dhismayaasha === Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ku jira buugga Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Birkenfeld.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Birkenfeld district]</ref> * Kaniisadda [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]], Bohnenhübel 2 – [[aisleless church]] oo leh [[ridge turret]], 1776, naqshadeeye Philipp Heinrich Hellermann, [[Zweibrücken]]; waxay qeexaysaa muuqaalka tuulada == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Gaadiidka === Xagga koonfur-bari waxaa mara ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 41 iyo [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 62|A 62]] ([[Kaiserslautern]]–[[Trier]]). U dhow [[Hoppstädten-Weiersbach|Neubrücke]] waa [[railway station|saldhig tareen]] oo ku yaal [[Nahe Valley Railway]] ([[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]]–[[Saarbrücken]]). === Uranium === Laga soo bilaabo 1958 ilaa 1967, macdanta [[uranium]] waxaa qoday ''Gewerkschaft Brunhilde'' (shirkad xaddidan) oo ku taal god furan oo waqooyi ka xiga Ellweiler oo ku taal "Bühlskopf" ({{coord|49|37|04|N|07|08|49|E}} – booska macdanta uranium ee la dayacay ee Ellweiler [[Open-pit mining|open-pit mine]]). Kaydka uranium-ka yar ayaa sidoo [[Open-pit mining|kale]] laga helay 650 m waqooyi-galbeed ka Bühlskopf ee jiirada waqooyi-bari ee "Der Stein" iyo sidoo kale dhowr meelood oo u dhow Nohfelden.<ref>H. Schmeltzer: ''Mineral-Fundstellen. Band 6: Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland'', Ch. Weise Verlag, München 1977</ref> Sarraynta waxaa lagu sameeyay ''Uranerzaufbereitungsanlage Ellweiler'' (Xarunta Sarraynta Macdanta Uranium ee Ellweiler). == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=7001 Ellweiler at mineralienatlas.de] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} ceis53hwvfwuzfj946tgw7dn9rf94fc 0 50547 304779 2026-08-10T15:49:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Ellzee COA.svg |image_skyline = D-BY - Ellzee - Gemeindehaus.JPG |image_caption = Municipal office |coordinates = {{coord|48|20|N|10|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ellzee in GZ.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Günzburg |elevation = 481-499 |area = 14.77 |postal_code = 89352 |area_code = 08283 |licence = GZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 74 133 |mayor = Gabriela Schmucker<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|https://www.gemeinde-ellzee.de/}} }} '''Ellzee''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛltseː}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Günzburg (district)|Günzburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nozzs5qr7wy7gnjbwqym1uzk7z0oft0 0 50548 304780 2026-08-10T15:50:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Elnhausen |name_local = |image_photo = De elnhausen luft nw op 090523.jpg |imagesize = 268px |image_caption= Elnhausen |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|48|44|N|08|41|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Karte Marburg Stadtteile und Nachbargemeinden.png |plantext = Stadtteile of Marburg |state = |district = [[Marburg-Biedenkopf]] |type = Borough |City = [[Marburg]] |elevation = 242 |area = 9.18 |population = 1042 |population_as_of = 2019-12-31 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www.marburg.de/downloads/datei/OTAwMDE5Nzc1Oy07L3d3dy92aHRkb2NzL21hcmJ1cmcvbWFyYnVyZy9tZWRpZW4vZG9rdW1lbnRlL2hhdXNoYWx0c3BsYW5fMjAyMV9iYW5kX2lfXzNfXy5wZGY= |title=Haushaltssatzung und Haushaltsplan 2021|publisher=Stadt Marburg|page=7|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> |postal_code = 35041 |area_code = 06420 |website = }} [[File:Schloss Elnhausen 1.jpg|left|thumb|The Castle]] [[File:Elnhausen Kirche.jpg|left|thumb|Elnhausen church, built in the 1740s]] [[File:Linde Elnhausen.jpg|left|thumb|Tilia at Elnhausen cemetery]] '''Elnhausen''' waa xaafad (''[[Ortsbezirk]]'') ka tirsan [[Marburg]] ee [[Hesse]].<ref>[https://www.marburg.de/medien/satzungen/900000357_hauptsatzung_i.d.f._xxiii._nachtrag_inkrafttreten_am_27.11.2021.pdf Hauptsatzung der Universitätsstadt Marburg], § 3, 27 November 2021.</ref> Dukumentiyadii ugu horreeyay waxay dib ugu noqdaan 1234. Markaas tuulada waxaa loo badnaa in loogu yeero Ellenhusen. Tuulada waxaa loo qaybiyaa qaybta duugga ah ee leh qalcadda, kaniisadda, beeraha iyo qayb cusub oo leh meelaha horumarinta ee kala duwan. [[File:De elnhausen pano sw op 090715.jpg|left|thumb|900px|Southwesterly view of Elnhausen]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * https://www.marburg.de/elnhausen {{Commons-inline}} {{Authority control}} nzacu3k4q8moh8keyi8k5dbvpdevr4s 0 50549 304781 2026-08-10T15:52:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|54|4|25|N|9|2|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elpersbüttel in HEI.PNG |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = Mitteldithmarschen |elevation = 2 |area = 30.17 |postal_code = 25704 |area_code = 04832, 04859 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 027 |divisions = 6 |website = |mayor = Sven Karstens |party = AWV }} '''Elpersbüttel''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Cimilada == {{Weather box|width=auto | location = Elpersbüttel (1991–2020 normals) | metric first = Y | single line = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan high C = 3.9 |Feb high C = 4.3 |Mar high C = 7.9 |Apr high C = 13.2 |May high C = 16.8 |Jun high C = 19.6 |Jul high C = 22.1 |Aug high C = 22.0 |Sep high C = 18.5 |Oct high C = 13.4 |Nov high C = 8.5 |Dec high C = 5.2 | year high C = 13.1 |Jan mean C = 2.0 |Feb mean C = 2.1 |Mar mean C = 4.5 |Apr mean C = 8.6 |May mean C = 12.4 |Jun mean C = 15.6 |Jul mean C = 17.7 |Aug mean C = 17.6 |Sep mean C = 14.4 |Oct mean C = 10.5 |Nov mean C = 6.2 |Dec mean C = 3.3 |year mean C = 9.6 |Jan low C = -0.6 |Feb low C = -0.6 |Mar low C = 1.0 |Apr low C = 4.0 |May low C = 7.6 |Jun low C = 10.8 |Jul low C = 13.0 |Aug low C = 13.0 |Sep low C = 10.5 |Oct low C = 6.9 |Nov low C = 3.6 |Dec low C = 0.9 | year low C = 5.9 |Jan sun = 44.7 |Feb sun = 75.7 |Mar sun = 140.7 |Apr sun = 212.1 |May sun = 241.0 |Jun sun = 226.8 |Jul sun = 234.1 |Aug sun = 208.1 |Sep sun = 153.5 |Oct sun = 104.5 |Nov sun = 54.6 |Dec sun = 40.1 |year sun = 1739.4 |Jan humidity = 91.0 |Feb humidity = 88.6 |Mar humidity = 85.2 |Apr humidity = 78.7 |May humidity = 77.5 |Jun humidity = 78.8 |Jul humidity = 79.2 |Aug humidity = 80.5 |Sep humidity = 83.9 |Oct humidity = 88.4 |Nov humidity = 91.7 |Dec humidity = 92.0 | year humidity =83.6 | source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Elpersbuettel_10130.csv | title = Elpersbüttel Climate Normals 1991–2020 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 16 September 2023}}</ref> }} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Elpersbuttel}} 4ss0htqlxvgdn9emk093ihc8y4uzydu 0 50550 304782 2026-08-10T15:53:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Elsdorf |image_coa = Coat Of Arms Elsdorf.svg |image_skyline = Elsdorf Zuckerfabrik.jpg |image_caption = Sugar factory |coordinates = {{coord|50|56|N|6|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elsdorf in BM.svg |state = |region = Köln |district = Rhein-Erft-Kreis |elevation = 80 |area = 66.17 |postal_code = 50189 |area_code = 02274<br> 02271 ([[Heppendorf]] / Widdendorf) |licence = BM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 3 62 016 |divisions = 14 |website = [http://www.elsdorf.de/ www.elsdorf.de] |mayor = Andreas Heller<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 29 June 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;25 |party = CDU }} [[File:Oberembt_Laubenhaus.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Timber-framed house in Oberembt]] '''Elsdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlsˌdɔʁf}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Erft-Kreis]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 5 km koonfur-galbeed ka [[Bergheim, North Rhine-Westphalia|Bergheim]] iyo 27 km galbeed ka [[Cologne]]. {{clear-left}} == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Eugen Langen]] (1833–1895), ganacsade, injineer iyo ikhtiraaçi, aasaasaha warshadda sonkorta ee Elsdorf Pfeifer & Langen * Werner Marx (1746–1806), Wadaadka Guud ee Archbishop ee Cologne [[File:Eugen-langen.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Eugen Langen]] {{clear-left}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qz2sicfnd2eaolsxtz1wzfik8j3fzu4 304783 304782 2026-08-10T15:53:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Elsdorf |image_coa = Coat Of Arms Elsdorf.svg |image_skyline = Elsdorf Zuckerfabrik.jpg |image_caption = Warshadda Sonkorta |coordinates = {{coord|50|56|N|6|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elsdorf in BM.svg |state = |region = Köln |district = Rhein-Erft-Kreis |elevation = 80 |area = 66.17 |postal_code = 50189 |area_code = 02274<br> 02271 ([[Heppendorf]] / Widdendorf) |licence = BM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 3 62 016 |divisions = 14 |website = [http://www.elsdorf.de/ www.elsdorf.de] |mayor = Andreas Heller<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 29 June 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;25 |party = CDU }} [[File:Oberembt_Laubenhaus.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Timber-framed house in Oberembt]] '''Elsdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlsˌdɔʁf}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Erft-Kreis]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 5 km koonfur-galbeed ka [[Bergheim, North Rhine-Westphalia|Bergheim]] iyo 27 km galbeed ka [[Cologne]]. {{clear-left}} == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Eugen Langen]] (1833–1895), ganacsade, injineer iyo ikhtiraaçi, aasaasaha warshadda sonkorta ee Elsdorf Pfeifer & Langen * Werner Marx (1746–1806), Wadaadka Guud ee Archbishop ee Cologne [[File:Eugen-langen.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Eugen Langen]] {{clear-left}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qbzidvnko9ma1a1z38kw60d1lwc37br 0 50551 304784 2026-08-10T15:55:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Elsendorf COA.svg |image_photo = Elsendorf_2016.jpg |image_caption = River [[Abens]] and the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Elsendorf |coordinates = {{coord|48|42|N|11|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elsendorf in KEH.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Kelheim |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mainburg |elevation = 405 |area = 32.63 |postal_code = 84094 |area_code = 08753 |licence = KEH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 73 163 |website = [http://www.elsendorf.de www.elsendorf.de] |mayor = Markus Huber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Elsendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlzn̩ˌdɔʁf}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Kelheim (district)|Kelheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jb47wuui5ibt1d3q5k0tyo0734jijw3 304785 304784 2026-08-10T15:55:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Elsendorf COA.svg |image_photo = Elsendorf_2016.jpg |image_caption = Webiga [[Abens]] iyo Kaniisadda Uurka Nafsiga Leh ee Elsendorf |coordinates = {{coord|48|42|N|11|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elsendorf in KEH.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Kelheim |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mainburg |elevation = 405 |area = 32.63 |postal_code = 84094 |area_code = 08753 |licence = KEH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 73 163 |website = [http://www.elsendorf.de www.elsendorf.de] |mayor = Markus Huber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Elsendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlzn̩ˌdɔʁf}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Kelheim (district)|Kelheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} k07c6nw6mkzw2n5s1r6gn003p0942rg 0 50552 304786 2026-08-10T15:57:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Elskop COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|49|N|9|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elskop in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Krempermarsch |elevation = 3 |area = 7.34 |postal_code = 25361 |area_code = 04124, 04824 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 026 |website = [http://www.amt-krempermarsch.de/ www.amt-<br />krempermarsch.de] |mayor = Jochen Töllner |party = }} '''Elskop''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} q7uf8144mpag7ho2k65v04dd6gqkagm 0 50553 304787 2026-08-10T16:00:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Elsnig 001.JPG |image_coa = Wappen Elsnig.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|51|36|N|12|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elsnig in TDO.png |state = |district = Nordsachsen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Dommitzsch |elevation = 88 |area = 36.76 |postal_code = 04886 |area_code = 03421 u. 034223 |licence = TDO, DZ, EB, OZ, TG, TO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14730120 |website = [https://www.dommitzsch.de/ www.dommitzsch.de] |mayor = Stefan Schieritz<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2020], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;27 |party = FDP }} '''Elsnig''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Nordsachsen]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]], waxay ku taal qiyaastii 140 km koonfur-galbeed ka [[Berlin]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} prea6qlhs8w55usrvq8rh9ookhqmc94 0 50554 304788 2026-08-10T16:01:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = ProfenPegauer17.JPG |image_caption = [[Timber-framed]] houses in Elsteraue |image_coa = Wappen Elsteraue.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|4|30|N|12|13|5|E|format=dms|display=it}} |image_plan = Elsteraue in BLK.svg |state = |district = Burgenlandkreis |elevation = 145 |area = 79.91 |postal_code = 06712, 06724, 06725, 06729 |area_code = 034424, 03441 |licence = BLK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 84 130 |website = [https://www.gemeinde-elsteraue.de/ www.gemeinde-elsteraue.de] |mayor = Andreas Buchheim<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;24 }} '''Elsteraue''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Burgenlandkreis]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], bariga [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal agagaarka wabiga [[White Elster]], qiyaastii {{cvt|30|km|sigfig=1}} koonfur-galbeed ka [[Leipzig]]. == Degmooyinka == Waxay u qay颜值samsan tahay degmooyin badan oo municipal ah: *Bornitz *Draschwitz *Göbitz (Göbitz, Maßnitz, Torna) *Könderitz (Könderitz, Etzoldshain, Minkwitz, Traupitz) *Langendorf (Langendorf, Döbitzschen, Staschwitz) *Profen (Profen, Beersdorf, Lützkewitz) *Rehmsdorf (Rehmsdorf, Krimmitzschen, Sprossen) *Reuden (Reuden, Predel, Ostrau) *Spora (Spora, Nißma, Oelsen, Prehlitz-Penkwitz) *Tröglitz (Tröglitz, Alt-Tröglitz, Kadischen, Burtschütz, Stocksdorf, Gleina, Techwitz) == Taariikhda == Intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], degmada Tröglitz ee maanta waxay ahayd goob ay ku taallo [[List of subcamps of Buchenwald|xero hoosaad]] oo ka tirsan [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], waxaana dhex maray qiyaastii 8,600 oo maxbuus, oo u badnaa Yuhuud.<ref name=ab>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=74|title=Tröglitz/Rehmsdorf|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=11 December 2023|language=de}}</ref> Maxaabiistu waxay la kulmeen [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|shaqo khasab ah]], cunto xumo, iyo dhibaatooyin uga imanayay [[SS]], waxaana halkaas ku dhintay in ka badan 850, halka maxaabiistii kale ee daallan loo celiyay Buchenwald, qaar badanna waxaa loo diray [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] halkaas oo lagu dilay.<ref name=ab/> Waxaa ka mid ahaa maxaabiista [[Imre Kertész]], oo ahaa qoraa reer Hungary ah isla markaana ah guuleystaha [[2002 Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref name=ab/> Bishii Abriil 1945, xerada waa la daabulay, iyadoo qiyaastii 3,000 oo maxbuus oo badbaaday tareen loogu diray dhinaca [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|Czechoslovakia ee Jarmalku qabsaday]], ugu yaraan 380 maxbuus ayaana ay xasuuqeen SS iyo rayidka Jarmalka intii lagu guda jiray daabulidda, magaalada [[Reitzenhain (Marienberg)|Reitzenhain]] oo ku taal xadka Jarmalka iyo Czechoslovakia ee ka hor dagaalka.<ref name=ab/> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5jsabzrkxa5zvv9h2hdclrds9u0jsyd 304789 304788 2026-08-10T16:02:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = ProfenPegauer17.JPG |image_caption = [[Alwaaxda lagu dhejiyay]] guryaha ku yaal Elsteraue |image_coa = Wappen Elsteraue.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|4|30|N|12|13|5|E|format=dms|display=it}} |image_plan = Elsteraue in BLK.svg |state = |district = Burgenlandkreis |elevation = 145 |area = 79.91 |postal_code = 06712, 06724, 06725, 06729 |area_code = 034424, 03441 |licence = BLK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 84 130 |website = [https://www.gemeinde-elsteraue.de/ www.gemeinde-elsteraue.de] |mayor = Andreas Buchheim<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;24 }} '''Elsteraue''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Burgenlandkreis]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], bariga [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal agagaarka wabiga [[White Elster]], qiyaastii {{cvt|30|km|sigfig=1}} koonfur-galbeed ka [[Leipzig]]. == Degmooyinka == Waxay u qay颜值samsan tahay degmooyin badan oo municipal ah: *Bornitz *Draschwitz *Göbitz (Göbitz, Maßnitz, Torna) *Könderitz (Könderitz, Etzoldshain, Minkwitz, Traupitz) *Langendorf (Langendorf, Döbitzschen, Staschwitz) *Profen (Profen, Beersdorf, Lützkewitz) *Rehmsdorf (Rehmsdorf, Krimmitzschen, Sprossen) *Reuden (Reuden, Predel, Ostrau) *Spora (Spora, Nißma, Oelsen, Prehlitz-Penkwitz) *Tröglitz (Tröglitz, Alt-Tröglitz, Kadischen, Burtschütz, Stocksdorf, Gleina, Techwitz) == Taariikhda == Intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], degmada Tröglitz ee maanta waxay ahayd goob ay ku taallo [[List of subcamps of Buchenwald|xero hoosaad]] oo ka tirsan [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], waxaana dhex maray qiyaastii 8,600 oo maxbuus, oo u badnaa Yuhuud.<ref name=ab>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=74|title=Tröglitz/Rehmsdorf|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=11 December 2023|language=de}}</ref> Maxaabiistu waxay la kulmeen [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|shaqo khasab ah]], cunto xumo, iyo dhibaatooyin uga imanayay [[SS]], waxaana halkaas ku dhintay in ka badan 850, halka maxaabiistii kale ee daallan loo celiyay Buchenwald, qaar badanna waxaa loo diray [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] halkaas oo lagu dilay.<ref name=ab/> Waxaa ka mid ahaa maxaabiista [[Imre Kertész]], oo ahaa qoraa reer Hungary ah isla markaana ah guuleystaha [[2002 Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref name=ab/> Bishii Abriil 1945, xerada waa la daabulay, iyadoo qiyaastii 3,000 oo maxbuus oo badbaaday tareen loogu diray dhinaca [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|Czechoslovakia ee Jarmalku qabsaday]], ugu yaraan 380 maxbuus ayaana ay xasuuqeen SS iyo rayidka Jarmalka intii lagu guda jiray daabulidda, magaalada [[Reitzenhain (Marienberg)|Reitzenhain]] oo ku taal xadka Jarmalka iyo Czechoslovakia ee ka hor dagaalka.<ref name=ab/> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pvtg33r4gvciasp9s3olf3l1u6wpc4j 0 50555 304790 2026-08-10T16:03:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen_Elsterberg.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|N|12|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elsterberg in V.svg |state = |district = Vogtlandkreis |elevation = 290 |area = 25.1 |postal_code = 07985 |area_code = 036621 |licence = V, AE, OVL, PL, RC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14523100 |divisions = 8 |website = [http://www.elsterberg.de/ www.elsterberg.de] |mayor = Axel Markert<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Elsterberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlstɐˌbɛʁk|-|De-Elsterberg.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Vogtlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal wabiga [[White Elster]], 6 km koonfur-galbeed ka [[Greiz]], iyo 13 km waqooyi ka [[Plauen]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === [[File:Elsterberg Coschütz 2009 1 (aka).jpg|thumb|left|This image shows the district Coschütz of Elsterberg]] Elsterberg waxay ku taal dooxo qoto dheer, taas oo ka bilaabanta magaalada deriska la ah ee Greiz, waxaana ku wareegsan kaymo cufan. Dooxadan waxay sii socotaa ilaa tuulada la darteed [[Gippe]] ilaa kaydka dabiiciga ah ee soo socda [[Elstertal]]. Elsterberg waxay si toos ah ugu taal wabiga White Elster waxayna ka tirsan tahay aagga siyaasadeed ee gobolka xorta ah ee Saxony. Wadada federaalka B92 waxay dhex marta magaalada waxayna xiriirisaa magaalada Plauen iyo magaalooyinka Elsterberg iyo Greiz. === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Tuulooyinka la darteed waa: *[[Coschütz (Elsterberg)|Coschütz]] iyo Rückisch *[[Kleingera]] oo wadata Siedlung Reuth iyo Pfannenstiel *[[Losa (Elsterberg)|Losa]] oo wadata Wipplas *[[Scholas]] *[[Cunsdorf]] *[[Görschnitz (Elsterberg)|Görschnitz]] *[[Noßwitz]] * degmada dhow ee Gippe == Taariikhda == === Sannadihii hore === Elsterberg waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumentiyada laga bilaabo 1198. Xuskan waxaa saldhig u ah macluumaadka dadka magaalada iyo dukumenti laga yaabo inuu dab ku baabbi'iyay 1840. Dukumentigan waxaa lagu tilmaamay kursiga ritter-ka yar, halkaas oo loogu yeero ''gurigii hore ee Elsterberg''. Dhismayaashan qalcadda waxay ku yasteen dhagaxyada Weßnitz waxayna ka tirsanaayeen Knight [[Ritter Rayer von Elsterberg]], oo gurigiisa ugu yeeray Elsterburg. Sanado ka dib raggii [[Lobdeburg]] waxay deegaanka ka degeen waxayna dhisteen qalcad cusub 1225, oo markii dambe loogu yeeray Castle Elsterberg. Sayidyadani waxay oggolaadeen inay dhisaan kaniisad weyn oo hoos yimaada qalcaddooda waxayna oggolaadeen Frankonians iyo Saxons inay degto agagaarka iyagoo ah suubbiyadooda. === Aasaaska magaalada 1354 === Asal ahaan ma jirin wax fikir ah oo ku saabsan aasaaska magaaladaan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii 36 tuulo oo dhow ay u yimaadeen Elsterberg ujeedada ah in laga bilaabo ganacsigooda halkaas, xuquuqda suuqa ayaa loo baahnaaday. Muuqaalkii ugu horreeyay ee dukumentiyada ee magaca Elsterberg oo ah magaalo wuxuu ahaa 1354. Ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 17-aad Elsterberg waxay ahayd magaalo miyi ah oo caadi ah, oo fulineysa shuruudaha ay leedahay oo keliya ganacsiga dhexdiisa aaggeeda la oggol yahay ee ganacsiga. === Dabka magaalooyinka === Seddex dab oo musiibo ah ayaa baabbi'iyay Elsterberg. Sannadkii 1492 qaybaha badnaa ee bartamaha magaalada waxay galeen olol. Sannadkii 1702 mar nữa bartamaha magaalada oo dhan, marka laga reebo parish iyo manor Frankenhof, waxay dhibane u noqdeen ololka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee dabkii saddexaad wuxuu baabbi'iyay magaalada, oo ay ku jirto hoolkeeda magaalada iyo kaniisadda, 1840. Dhammaan faylasha dukumentiyada iyo diiwaannada si aan la soo celin karin ayaa lumay. Sidaa darteed, muuqaalka magaalada ee maanta waxaa saameeya dib-u-soo-celinta ka dib 1840. === Warshadaynta soo socota waxay samaysaa ''spinnable-fiber-town'' === Sannadkii 1882 tolnimadii mashiinka ugu horreysay waxay furtay albaabadeeda Elsterberg, iyadoo noqotay ''Spinnfaser-Aktiengesellschaft Elsterberg'' 1910, mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu saamaynta badan uguna muhiimsan qaybtan ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Warshadda maqaarku sidoo kale way kor martay. Sannadkii 1885 Elsterberg waxaa lagu xiray shabagga tareenka ee u dhexeeya [[Gera]] iyo Plauen taasina dabcan waxay caawisay warshadeeda iyo kor u kaca warshadaynta. === Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka iyo Xukunka Isbahaysiga === Magaalada yar ee Elsterberg waxay ka badbaadday duqeymaha hawada, marka laga reebo dhawr bambooyin oo aan qarxin, intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. 16 Abriil 1945 ciidamada Maraykanku waxay qabsadeen magaalada. Bishii Luulyo ee isla sannadkaas Soofiyeetigu waxay la wareegeen qabsashada. Iyagoo laga cayriyey Bohemia-Moravia, Sudetenland iyo Silesia, tiro badan oo barokacayaal ah ayaa helay hoy cusub oo ku yaal Elsterberg ilaa 1945. Dhibaatooyinka sahayda ayaa xaaladda ka dhigay mid sii xumaata. === Sannadihii dagaalka ka dib ilaa 1945 === Dhammaan warshadaha ku yaal Elsterberg waa la la wareegay, warshadaha warshadaha iyo dhulalka waaweyn mararka qaarkood xitaa si xoog ah ayaa loo qabsaday, mashiinnada waa la burburiyay oo loo qaaday Midowga Soofiyeeti shirkadahana waxaa lagu qasbay inay noqdaan qaran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo saarista fiber-ka la miiro karo, maqaarka iyo foornada ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u bilaaban kara iyo dhibaatooyin badan hoostooda. === Waqtiga laga bilaabo 1949 ilaa 1989 === Sannadkii 195 Elsterberg waxaa lagu dhex daray degmada cusub ee Gera, [[Thuringia]], dhexda dib-u-habeynta maamulka ee Saxony. Intii lagu guda jiray sannadihii hore ee [[East Germany|GDR]], Elsterberg waxay u korartay mid ka mid ah meelaha warshadaha ee ugu muhiimsan degmada Gera. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, warshadaynta waxay ka samaysaa magaalo warshadeed casri ah Elsterberg, oo wadata "VEB" (shirkad ay leedahay dowladda) "Kunstseidenwerk", oo soo saarta fiber-ka la miiro karo iyo dabayaaqadii 70-meeyadii oo dheeraad ah isbuunyada, "VEB Wäscheunion", taas oo ahayd mudnaanteeda koowaad soo saarista maryaha sariirta, "VEB Wärmegerätewerk", oo soo saartay foornada "Glutos" ee la jecel yahay iyo warshaddeeda maqaarka. === Waqtiga ka dambeeya dhicitaanka === Isbeddelka siyaasadeed awgii, warshadda maqaarka iyo foornada way burbureen xitaa warshadda fiber-ka la miiro ayaana haysatay dhibaatooyin badan. Ka dib 1990 qaybo yar oo ka mid ah "Kunstseidenwerk" ayaa noolaa. "Fiber-ka la miiro ee Elsterberg" wuxuu sii waday inuu ka doodo caalamka, in kasta oo shaqaalihiisa la dhimay sababtoo ah hababka casriyeynta. Tani waxay socotay ilaa 2009, markii "International Chemical Investment Group" ay xirtay warshadda iyada oo doorbideysa warshaddeeda xiriirka la leh ee [[Obernburg]], inkasta oo ay buuxaan buugaagta dalabka. Tani waxay ahayd dhammaadkii warshadda dunta iyo kiimikada ee Elsterberg. Xaaladaha adag iyo shaqo la'aanta sare iyadoon loo eegin, Elsterberg waxay samaysay horumar badan. Qaybta taariikhiga ah ee magaalada waa la cusboonaysiiyey, "Waldbad" (barkadda kaynta) waa la dhisay, waddada hareeraha ah waa la dhisay, qaab-dhismeedka taariikhiga ah ee dhismayaasha waxaa lagu cusboonaysiiyey fiiro gaar ah faahfaahinta, "Bürgerkeller" (hoolka magaalada) waa la habeeyay dhammaan qaybaha kalena ee magaalada si taxaddar leh ayaa loo tixgeliyey. {| class="wikitable float-right" |- style="background:#e3e3e3" ! colspan="2" | duqa magaalada tan iyo 1877 |- | 1887–1903 || Heinrich Haueisen |- | 1903–1922 || Emil Gebauer |- | 1922–1945 || Otto Lieske |- | 1945–1947 || Otto Geiler |- | 1947–1950 || Walter Ritter |- | 1950–1954 || Paul Rudorisch |- | 1954–1955 || Heinrich Fischer |- | 1955–1960 || Albert Biering |- | 1960–1974 || Anton Landgraf |- | 1974–1975 || Heinz Maier |- | 1975–1986 || Gerhard Braun |- | Okt./Noof. 1986 || Werner Fischer |- | tan iyo 1. Dis. 1986 || Volker Jenennchen |} tirada dadka deggan ''(31 Disembar)'' iyo ku biirista: *1834: 2320 *1840: 2081 *1895: 4814 <small>- ku biirista 1868: Gippe</small> *1910: 5196 *1960: 5762 *1965: 5673 *1971: 5502 <small>- ku biirista 1972: Noßwitz</small> *1982: 5156 *1990: 4766 *1994: 5735 <small>- ku biirista 1993: Görschnitz; 1994: Coschütz, Kleingera, Losa, Scholas iyo 1995: Cunsdorf</small> *1999: 5442 *2000: 5448 *2001: 5350 *2002: 5280 *2003: 5217 *2004: 5139 *2005: 5053 *2006: 4991 *2007: 4907 *2008: 4803 *2009: 4797 == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === [[File:Johann-Habermann.jpg|thumb|140px|Johann Habermann]] * [[Karl Gustav Ackermann]] (1820-1901), siyaasiga, xubin ka tirsan Reichstag Jarmalka * [[Hans Heinze]] (1895-1983), dhakhtarka dhimirka, borofisar ku takhasusay cilmi-nafsiga iyo neerfaha, oo ku lug lahaa dilka naxariista carruurta iyo Aktion T 4 ee Jarmalka Nazi * [[Helga Steudel|Helga Heinrich-Steudel]] (dhashay 1939), darawalka tartanka mootooyinka iyo baabuurta, oo ku dhashay Görschnitz, ku nool [[Mylau]] === Dadka la xiriira Elsterberg === * [[Johann Habermann]] (1516-1590), teolog, wadaad ku sugan Elsterberg {{clear}} == Sidoo kale eeg == *{{commonscat-inline}} == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} iupcbvxab3n7fzwxnxy024jxwdc8w58 0 50556 304791 2026-08-10T16:05:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Elsterheide |German_name = Halštrowska Hola <!-- Sorbian name --> |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen elsterheide.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|30|N|14|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elsterheide in BZ.svg |state = |district = Bautzen |elevation = 128 |area = 126.85 |postal_code = 02979 |area_code = 03571, 03564 |licence = BZ, BIW, HY, KM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14625120 |divisions = 8 |website = [http://www.elsterheide.de/ www.elsterheide.de] |mayor = Antje Gasterstädt<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_buergermeisterwahlen2023_gewaehlte-personen.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister 2023 im Freistaat Sachsen], Freistaat Sachsen. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} [[File:Elsterheide Nardt 22 23.jpg|thumb|left|Nardt]] [[File:Elsterheide Nardt war graves.jpg|thumb|left|War graves in Nardt]] [[File:Blunoer Kirche 1.JPG|thumb|left|Church in Bluno]] '''Elsterheide''', luqadda [[Sorbian language|Sorbian]] '''Halštrowska hola''' ({{IPA|hsb|ˈhalʃtʁɔfska ˈhɔla|pron}}), waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Bautzen (district)|Bautzen]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay qayb ka tahay [[Sorbian settlement area]] ee la aqoonsan yahay ee Saxony. [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]] waxay leedahay heer rasmi ah oo ku xiga Jarmalka. == Taariikhda == Degmada Elsterheide waxaa la aasaasay 1995 iyadoo la mideeyay degmooyinkii hore ee Neuwiese, Sabrodt, Nardt, Klein Partwitz, Seidewinkel, Tätzschwitz, Bluno iyo Geierswalde. Gudaha Prussiya Silesia ([[Province of Silesia]] 1815–1919 iyo 1938–41, [[Province of Lower Silesia]] 1919–38 iyo 1941–45), dhammaan degmooyinkan waxay ka mid ahaayeen Landkreis Hoyerswerda. Gudaha [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]] [[Bezirk Cottbus]], waxay ka mid ahaayeen Kreis Hoyerswerda. Iyadoo la helay midowgii Jarmalka ([[German unification]]) 1990, waxay noqdeen qayb ka tirsan [[Saxony]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} exvwrphbnufvl4d8pc6vjskhl95iaeu 0 50557 304792 2026-08-10T16:06:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Elstertrebnitz.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|9|N|12|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elstertrebnitz in L.svg |state = |district = Leipzig |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Pegau |elevation = 129 |area = 11.66 |postal_code = 04523 |area_code = 034296 |licence = L, BNA, GHA, GRM, MTL, WUR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14729100 |divisions = 7 |mayor = David Zühlke<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Elstertrebnitz''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Saxony]], oo jiirta koonfur-galbeed ka Leipzig iyo waqooyi-bari ka [[Zeitz]]. == Juqraafi == Elstertrebnitz waxay ku taal koonfurta Leipzig, oo ku taal dooxo hooseaysa oo qiyaastii 15 km waqooyi-bari ka ah Zeitz. === Degmooyinka la deriska ah === Elstertrebnitz waxay xuduud la leedahay xagga waqooyiga magaalada [[Pegau]], xagga waqooyi-bari magaalada [[Groitzsch]], gobolka [[Elsteraue]] ee koonfurta iyo gobolka [[Hohenmölsen]] ee galbeedka. Gobollada Elstertrebnitz iyo Hohenmölsen waxaa kala saara macdanta furan ee Profen. == Dhaqaalaha == Degmadu waa mid inta badan beeraha ku xiran. === Elstermühlgraben === Elstermühlgraben waa magaca [[flume|biyo mareen]] laga leexiyay wabiga Elster. Elstermühlgraben waxay wadday mashiinnadii warshadaha ee ka yimid Elstertrebnitz ilaa [[Kleindalzig]] ilaa qarnigii 20-aad. Warshado aad u yar ayaa maanta shaqeeya. Wax walba ka sarreeya, biyo mareenku wuxuu u adeegeynayay reer miyiga dabbaasha iyo il biyo ah oo loogu talagalay biyaha lagu mayro ee la rabay. Musqulaha Pegauer, oo si toos ah u ag yaal Elstermühlgraben, ayaa nadiifiyey oo u isticmaalay biyaha xaruntooda. Laakiin biyo mareenka waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalayay waddo gaadiid oo loogu talagalay isticmaal kala duwan. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.elstertrebnitz.de/ Town of Elstertrebnitz in German] {{Authority control}} 3ijbriv90dfog5l98iualmobeu4pbcs 0 50558 304793 2026-08-10T16:08:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Elstra/Halštrow |type = Stadt |image_skyline = Elstra town hall, Saxony.jpg |image_caption = Hoolka dawladda hoose |image_coa = Elstra_Wappen.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|13|15|N|14|7|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elstra in BZ.svg |state = |district = Bautzen |elevation = 200 |area = 32.63 |postal_code = 01920 |area_code = 035793 |licence = BZ, [[Bischofswerda|BIW]], [[Hoyerswerda|HY]], [[Kamenz (district)|KM]] |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14625130 |divisions = 13 |website = [http://www.elstra.de www.elstra.de] |mayor = Frank Wachholz<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Elstra''' ([[German language|German]], {{IPA|de|ˈɛlstʁaː|pron|De-Elstra.ogg}}) ama '''Halštrow''' ([[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]], {{IPA|hsb|ˈhalʃtʁɔf|pron}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Bautzen (district)|Bautzen]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal wabiga [[Schwarze Elster]], 6 kiilomitir koonfur-bari ka [[Kamenz]], iyo 34 kiilomitir waqooyi-bari ka [[Dresden]]. Magaca "Elstra" wuxuu ka soo jeedaa wabiga [[Black Elster|Schwarze Elster]], oo ka soo baxa degmada [[Kindisch]]. Magaaladu waxay leedahay kaliya ilaa 2,000 oo muwaadin waana mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu yar Jarmalka. Degmada oo dhan waxay leedahay 2,807 muwaadin (sannadkii 2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statistik.sachsen.de/download/010_GB-Bev/Bev_Z_Gemeinde_akt.pdf|title=Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus}}</ref> Waxay qayb ka tahay [[Sorbian settlement area]] ee si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay. Sababo la xiriira magaca magaalada oo la mid ah erayga "Elster" (Jarmal loogu talagalay [[magpie|agagaar/shimbir qurun]]), shimbiraha magpies ayaa inta badan lagu adeegsadaa aqoonsiga nafta ee magaalada. == Dadka caanka ah == * Georg Derlitzki (1889-1958), [[Agricultural science|aqoonyahan beeraha]] iyo [[economist|dhaqaalyahan]] muhiim ah * Karl Schön (1923-1994), siyaasiga ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]), oo ku dhashay Elstra * [[Otto Garten]] (1902-2000), fannaanka, oo ku dhashay Elstra * [[Karl Eberhard]] (1820-1907), naqshadeeye == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} si3xdxo9t9dfze6yh7zrq9u0gc3p089 0 50559 304794 2026-08-10T16:10:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen der Stadt Elterlein.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|34|37|N|12|52|2|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elterlein in ERZ.png |state = |district = Erzgebirgskreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Geyer |elevation = 620 |area = 45.74 |postal_code = 09481 |area_code = 037349 |licence = ERZ, ANA, ASZ, AU, MAB, MEK, STL, SZB, ZP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14521180 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.elterlein-stadt.de/ www.elterlein-stadt.de] |mayor = Annette Ficker<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-wahlergebnisse-2023.php Wahlergebnisse 2023], [[Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen]]. Retrieved 6 July 2023.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 |party = }} '''Elterlein''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛltɐlaɪ̯n|-|De-Elterlein.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Erzgebirgskreis]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal [[Ore Mountains]], 10 km galbeed ka [[Annaberg-Buchholz]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay qaybaha Elterlein, Hermannsdorf iyo [[Schwarzbach (Elterlein)|Schwarzbach]]. == Taariikhda == Laga soo bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, Elterlein waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Bezirk Karl-Marx-Stadt]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]]. == Dadka caanka ah == *[[Wolfgang Uhle]] (1512–1594), oo loo yaqaan wadaadka daacuunka ee [[Annaberg-Buchholz|Annaberg]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} g1bzktz66j8scovqa0v0j44n9h30rky 0 50560 304795 2026-08-10T16:12:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Embsen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|11|N|10|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Embsen in LG.svg |state = |district = Lüneburg |Samtgemeinde = [[Ilmenau (Samtgemeinde)|Ilmenau]] |elevation = 44 |area = 22.66 |postal_code = 21409 |area_code = 04134 |licence = LG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 016 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.embsen.de/ www.embsen.de] |mayor = Anne-Carin Büttner |party = }} '''Embsen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lüneburg (district)|Lüneburg]], ee [[Niedersachsen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6ybbjwegsoj4vit7d1ni8e4tksprhh6 0 50561 304796 2026-08-10T16:13:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|10|N|9|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Embuehren in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Jevenstedt |elevation = 33 |area = 7.45 |postal_code = 24819 |area_code = 04875 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 048 |website = [http://www.amt-jevenstedt.de/ www.amt-jevenstedt.de] |mayor = Hermann Ratjen |party = }} '''Embühren''' ({{IPA|de|ɛmˈbyːʁən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Embuhren}} 7sbfpyojjwa63nt1yf9nvi2fcgfmh9u 0 50562 304797 2026-08-10T16:15:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Emeringen.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|12|2.04|N|9|31|3.72|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emeringen in UL.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Alb-Donau-Kreis |elevation = 579 |area = 7.54 |postal_code = 88499 |area_code = 07373 |licence = UL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 25 035 |website = [http://www.emeringen.eu/ www.emeringen.eu] |mayor = Josef Renner |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 }} '''Emeringen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːməʁɪŋən}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Alb-Donau (district)|Alb-Donau]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2z9gm2p127ysb2mta4fczfdu7oi6gln 0 50563 304798 2026-08-10T16:16:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Emersacker COA.svg |image_photo = Schloss Emersacker 02.JPG |image_caption = Emersacker Castle |coordinates = {{coord|48|30|N|10|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emersacker in A.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Augsburg |elevation = 457 |area = 11.77 |postal_code = 86494 |area_code = 08293 |licence = A |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 137 |mayor = Karl-Heinz Mengele<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|https://www.gemeinde-emersacker.de/}} }} '''Emersacker''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Augsburg (district)|Augsburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} dog7ov9r2l1pzb5c4jk75l3ui18iq0a 304799 304798 2026-08-10T16:17:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Emersacker COA.svg |image_photo = Schloss Emersacker 02.JPG |image_caption = Qalcadda Emersacker |coordinates = {{coord|48|30|N|10|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emersacker in A.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Augsburg |elevation = 457 |area = 11.77 |postal_code = 86494 |area_code = 08293 |licence = A |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 137 |mayor = Karl-Heinz Mengele<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|https://www.gemeinde-emersacker.de/}} }} '''Emersacker''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Augsburg (district)|Augsburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9drz2xph1zvmkdau8sfchfrgrgoq7ni 0 50564 304800 2026-08-10T16:19:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Emkendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|15|39|N|9|51|2|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emkendorf in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Nortorfer Land |elevation = 19 |area = 38.93 |postal_code = 24802 |area_code = 04330 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 049 |website = [http://www.amt-nortorfer-land.de www.amt-nortorfer-<br />land.de] |mayor = Rainer Follster |party = }} '''Emkendorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Goobta Emkendorf waxay ku taal koonfurta degmada [[Osterrönfeld]], [[Schülldorf]], [[Haßmoor]] ama [[Westensee]], laakiin waqooyiga [[Bokel, Rendsburg-Eckernförde|Bokel]] iyo [[Groß Vollstedt]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} oijpz1cvzn59wps4hpefmpep26m9gni 0 50565 304801 2026-08-10T16:20:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Emmerthal.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|3|N|9|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emmerthal in HM.svg |state = |district = Hameln-Pyrmont |elevation = 69 |area = 114.94 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03252005 |postal_code = 31860 |area_code = 05155, 05157, 05286, 05151 |licence = HM |website = [http://www.emmerthal.de/ www.emmerthal.de] |mayor = Dominik Petters<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/SW2021/reports/DW/DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Stichwahlen zu Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 26. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Emmerthal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛmɐˌtaːl|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-PetiteTrolline-Emmerthal.wav}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Hameln-Pyrmont]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal wabiga [[Weser]], qiyaastii 6 km koonfur ka [[Hameln]]. Xarunteedu waxay ku taal tuulada [[Kirchohsen]]. Sannadkii 1973, Emmerthal waxaa la dhisay iyadoo la mideeyay degmooyinkii hore ee madaxbannaanaa ee [[Amelgatzen]], [[Bessinghausen]], [[Börry]], [[Brockensen]], [[Emmern]], [[Esperde]], [[Frenke]], [[Grohnde]], [[Hagenohsen]], Hajen, [[Hämelschenburg]], Kirchohsen, [[Latferde]], [[Lüntorf]], [[Ohr (Emmerthal)|Ohr]], [[Voremberg]], [[Welsede]]. [[Grohnde Nuclear Power Plant]] waxay ku taal Emmerthal. Laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa 1937, [[Nazism|National Socialists]] waxay ku qabteen [[Reich Harvest Thanksgiving Festival|xafladda mahadnaqa qaranka]] beerta ku taal buurta dhow ee [[Bückeberg (Hagenohsen)|Bückeberg]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} rx4e63svxfmum7hc02jnnl9s2lo2ymq 0 50566 304802 2026-08-10T16:22:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Emmerzhausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|43|14|N|8|1|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emmerzhausen in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Daaden-Herdorf |elevation = 480 |area = 7.07 |postal_code = 57520 |area_code = 02743 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 026 |website = [http://www.daaden.de/subnav.phtml?NavID=631.23&La=1 www.daaden.de] |mayor = Hans-Joachim Fries<ref>[https://www.rhein-zeitung.de/region/aus-den-lokalredaktionen/kreis-altenkirchen_artikel,-fuehrungsteam-in-emmerzhausen-ist-komplett-_arid,2098053.html Führungsteam in Emmerzhausen ist komplett], Rhein-Zeitung, 4 March 2020.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Emmerzhausen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Gaadiidka == Emmerzhausen waqtigii hore waxaa u adeegayay tareennada ku socda [[Scheuerfeld–Emmerzhausen railway|Westerwald railway]], taas oo hadda shaqaynayn. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} km9a1nkvengf0zzebtr6lvbxpwmdyim 0 50567 304803 2026-08-10T16:24:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|40|N|10|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Empfertshausen in WAK.png |state = |district = Wartburgkreis |elevation = 460 |area = 4.87 |postal_code = 36452 |area_code = 036964 |licence = WAK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 63 023 |mayor = Antonio Häfner<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Empfertshausen''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Wartburgkreis]] ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 70u7btkyivdphr7tzq8kjeey616qeil 0 50568 304804 2026-08-10T16:26:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Empfingen COA SK.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|23|32|N|8|42|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Karte Empfingen.png |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Freudenstadt |elevation = 496 |area = 18.29 |postal_code = 72186 |area_code = 07485 |licence = FDS, HCH, HOR, WOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 37 024 |website = [https://www.empfingen.de/ www.empfingen.de] |mayor = Ferdinand Truffner<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 12 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;25 }} '''Empfingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛmpfɪŋən}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Freudenstadt (district)|Freudenstadt]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Empfingen lafteedu waxay ka kooban tahay laba degmo oo maxalli ah, Wiesenstetten iyo Dommelsberg. Empfingen waxay u dhowdahay [[Bundesautobahn 81|federal motorway 81]] [[Stuttgart]] &ndash; [[Singen]] (A 81). == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == * [[La Roche-Blanche (Puy-de-Dôme)|La Roche-Blanche]], [[France|Faransiiska]]. == Dhacdooyinka == * Beatparade == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2j78ebqwibe0i148qlth08x0f2fm9pl 0 50569 304805 2026-08-10T16:27:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flagge Emsbueren.svg |image_coa = DEU Emsbueren COA.gif |image_photo = Emsbüren, kerk in straatzicht foto6 2011-05-07 12.21.JPG |image_caption = Church of Saint Andrew |coordinates = {{coord|52|23|33|N|07|17|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emsbüren in EL.svg |state = |district = Emsland |elevation = 43 |area = 139.31 |postal_code = 48488 |area_code = 05903 |licence = EL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 54 010 |divisions = 8 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.emsbueren.de/ www.emsbueren.de] |mayor = Markus Silies<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = CDU }} [[Image:Elbergen, koeltorens energiecentrale positie2 foto1 2011-05-07 13.04.JPG| cooling tower of the [[Emsland Nuclear Power Plant]], view from Elbergen|thumb|left|200px]] '''Emsbüren''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Emsland]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal wabiga [[Ems (river)|Ems]], qiyaastii 15 km koonfur ka [[Lingen]], iyo 15 km waqooyi-galbeed ka [[Rheine]]. Waxay leedahay saldhig tareen: [[Leschede railway station|Leschede]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Willi Heeks]] (1922-1996), darawalka tartanka baabuurta Jarmalka * [[René Tebbel]] (dhashay 1969), boodboodaha bandhigga Jarmalka == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Emsburen}} laj3fggc92p3f7pwset0ray1xbmvsep 304806 304805 2026-08-10T16:27:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flagge Emsbueren.svg |image_coa = DEU Emsbueren COA.gif |image_photo = Emsbüren, kerk in straatzicht foto6 2011-05-07 12.21.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Andrew |coordinates = {{coord|52|23|33|N|07|17|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emsbüren in EL.svg |state = |district = Emsland |elevation = 43 |area = 139.31 |postal_code = 48488 |area_code = 05903 |licence = EL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 54 010 |divisions = 8 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.emsbueren.de/ www.emsbueren.de] |mayor = Markus Silies<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = CDU }} [[Image:Elbergen, koeltorens energiecentrale positie2 foto1 2011-05-07 13.04.JPG| cooling tower of the [[Emsland Nuclear Power Plant]], view from Elbergen|thumb|left|200px]] '''Emsbüren''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Emsland]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal wabiga [[Ems (river)|Ems]], qiyaastii 15 km koonfur ka [[Lingen]], iyo 15 km waqooyi-galbeed ka [[Rheine]]. Waxay leedahay saldhig tareen: [[Leschede railway station|Leschede]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Willi Heeks]] (1922-1996), darawalka tartanka baabuurta Jarmalka * [[René Tebbel]] (dhashay 1969), boodboodaha bandhigga Jarmalka == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Emsburen}} 05uu7jlh3fy8xeg6jiw8f4ojrb0baxd 0 50570 304807 2026-08-10T16:30:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flagge Emskirchen.svg |image_coa = DEU Emskirchen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|33|5|N|10|43|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Emskirchen in NEA.svg |image_photo = EmskirchenBruecke.jpg |image_caption = Muuqaalka buundada tareenka ee u socota Emskirchen |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim |elevation = 359 |area = 67.27 |postal_code = 91448 |area_code = 09104 |licence = NEA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 75 121 |website = [http://www.emskirchen.de/ www.emskirchen.de] |mayor = Sandra Winkelspecht<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} [[File:Oldshivermountain1510 1.jpg|thumb|Altschauerberg, a district of Emskirchen]] '''Emskirchen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} s7977cwzhjsytgceyc5hl9jyzl5ic92 8 50571 304820 2026-08-11T07:30:53Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: *Sababaha caadiga ah ee xayiraadda ** [[Wikipedia:Khariibaad|Kharribaad]] ** Ku xadgudubka xuquuqda daabacaadda ** Abuurista bogag weerar ah ** Ku xadgudubka sharciga taariikh nololeedka dadka nool ** Ku celcelinta ku darista qoraallo aan xigasho lahayn ** Abuurista qoraallo aan macno lahayn ama bogag aan habboonayn ** U adeegsiga Wikipedia [[:en:Spam|xayaysiis]] ama ujeeddooyin ganacsi ** Dagaal tafatir ** Ku xadgudubka xeerka saddexda celis (3RR) ** Tafatir dhibaatayn ah ** Wee... 304820 wikitext text/x-wiki *Sababaha caadiga ah ee xayiraadda ** [[Wikipedia:Khariibaad|Kharribaad]] ** Ku xadgudubka xuquuqda daabacaadda ** Abuurista bogag weerar ah ** Ku xadgudubka sharciga taariikh nololeedka dadka nool ** Ku celcelinta ku darista qoraallo aan xigasho lahayn ** Abuurista qoraallo aan macno lahayn ama bogag aan habboonayn ** U adeegsiga Wikipedia [[:en:Spam|xayaysiis]] ama ujeeddooyin ganacsi ** Dagaal tafatir ** Ku xadgudubka xeerka saddexda celis (3RR) ** Tafatir dhibaatayn ah ** Weerarro shakhsi ah ama dhibaatayn ** Ka baxsashada xayiraadda ** Si khaldan u adeegsiga akoonno badan ** Kicinta joogtada ah ee sifeeyaha tafatirka ** Magaca isticmaalaha aan la aqbali karin 4ts1nrfechk7ae2plw7fidbpxuv06l2 304821 304820 2026-08-11T07:32:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304821 wikitext text/x-wiki *Sababaha caadiga ah ee xayiraadda ** [[Wikipedia:Khariibaad|Kharribaad]] ** Ku xadgudubka xuquuqda daabacaadda ** Abuurista bogag weerar ah ** Ku xadgudubka sharciga taariikh nololeedka dadka nool ** Ku celcelinta ku darista qoraallo aan xigasho lahayn ** Abuurista qoraallo aan macno lahayn ama bogag aan habboonayn ** U adeegsiga Wikipedia [[:en:Wikipedia:Spam|xayaysiis]] ama ujeeddooyin ganacsi ** Dagaal tafatir ** Ku xadgudubka xeerka saddexda celis (3RR) ** Tafatir dhibaatayn ah ** Weerarro shakhsi ah ama dhibaatayn ** Ka baxsashada xayiraadda ** Si khaldan u adeegsiga akoonno badan ** Kicinta joogtada ah ee sifeeyaha tafatirka ** Magaca isticmaalaha aan la aqbali karin 3b2wb76ateguip4wiy6brqfacy0s697 304822 304821 2026-08-11T07:32:50Z Isma4l 41797 304822 wikitext text/x-wiki *Sababaha caadiga ah ee xayiraadda ** [[Wikipedia:Khariibaad|Kharribaad]] ** Ku xadgudubka xuquuqda daabacaadda ** Abuurista bogag weerar ah ** Ku xadgudubka sharciga taariikh nololeedka dadka nool ** Ku celcelinta ku darista qoraallo aan xigasho lahayn ** Abuurista qoraallo aan macno lahayn ama bogag aan habboonayn ** U adeegsiga Wikipedia [[:en:Wikipedia:Spam|xayaysiis]] ama ujeeddooyin ganacsi ** Dagaal tafatir ** Ku xadgudubka xeerka saddexda celis (3RR) ** Tafatir dhibaatayn ah ** Weerarro shakhsi ah ama dhibaatayn ** Ka baxsashada xanibaada ** Si khaldan u adeegsiga akoonno badan ** Kicinta joogtada ah ee sifeeyaha tafatirka ** Magaca isticmaalaha aan la aqbali karin 2hys9c9vleh227u717xqdcs6ue97joa