Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4827 305080 304958 2026-08-12T19:03:43Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 305080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkey]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalia]]<s><s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |31”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Bakistaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * 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https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2pr2vv52dk9hksbffhsh0vnreq11ysn 0 6536 305082 265252 2026-08-13T10:06:27Z Ahmed mustafe abdi 46936 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 305082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baxdo''' waa degmo ku taalo gobolka [[Galguduud]] Waxeyna ka tirsan tahay maamulka [[Galmudug]]. dagmada baxdo waa dagmo aad u barwaaqa sooran ah cimilageeduna dhexdhexaad yihiin. Dagmada dhaqaalaheedu wuxuu kutiirsanyahay ganacsiga iyo xoolaha nool. Ganacsigeeduna wuxuu xiriir laleeyahay magaalooyin dhoor ah sida [[muqdisho]], boosaaso, gaalkacyo, [[hargeysa]], hobyo, baladweyne iyo cadoodo. Dagmada waxey laheed xiligii dowladii dhexe ee [[soomaaliya]] qeybo badan ee arimaha bulshada sida scool isgaarsiin, cisbital iyo waliba xaruma kale ee dowladeed sida saldhig.dagmada hada waxey leedahay goobaha adeegyada bulshada oo dhan sida xarumaha caafimaadka iyo schoolaat farabadan sida dugsiga hoose dhexe iyo sare ee iftiin iyo baxdo primary and secondery school iyo daarul culuum waliba bareefadyo farabadan oo kale sidoo kale waxey leedahay goobaha lagu barto diinta sido masaajid in kabadan 15 masjid oo uu kamidyahay masjidka weyn ee jaamacaa oo uu dhisay sh axmed cali khayre oo lagumagacaabo masjidu nuur iyo sidoo kale dugsi quraanyo gaaraya ilaa 30 dugsi quraan. Waa dagmo istiraatiiji ah sidoo kalena ah dagmo aad u caan ah oo soomaalida oo dhan aad looga yaqaano gaar ahaan gobolada dhexe, waxaa lagu geeraaraa (baxdo waa laas hadey laastahay waadul joogtaa), Dagmadaanu waxa ay ka koobantahy afar xaafadoo oo kala ah: 1: xaafada taalo oo ah xaafada ugu baaxad wayn xaafadaha dagmada baxdo 2: 6 Giriin 3: Kaah 4: Ex sidoo kale waxaa dagmada hoosyimaada tuulooyin badan oo gaaraya ilaa 20 tuulo waxeyna kala yihiin * 1 maarsamage * 2 kaxandho * 3 balicaano * meygaagduub * 5 dhagtuur * 6 afwaax * 7 anan * 8 qaayib * 9 dowgaab * 10 seego * 11 xenlabi * 12 qalaanqal * 13 baraag qubeys * 14 aboorey * 15 baaldheer * 16 qaydaro * 17 ardo * 18 galxagagare * 19 xenlabi * 20 caliweyd * 21 dhagluul * 22 laan weyn iyo waliba kuwakale oo badan, dhammaan tuulooyinkaan waxey hoostagaan dagmada baxdo dhinackasta sida maamulka ganacsiga iyo waliba arimaha bulshada sida gargaarka heyadaha caalamiga ah oo lasoo marsiiyo sidookale waxaa dagmada baxdo kasoo baxay dad caan ah aqoonyahana culumaa,udiinka sh axmad cali kheyre oo ah sheekha diinta islaamka kufaafiyay Soomaaliya oo dhan sida banaadir shabeelada hoose marka bay baydhabo gobolada dhexe sida baxdo iyo deegaanada kuteedsan * sh cabdi ow,aadan guutaale oo ahaa caalin weyn oo kasoobaxay jaamacatu azhar ee wadanka masar * sh xasan ow,aadan guutaale * sh maxamed sh axmed faarax oo ah shiikh weyn oo quraanka kariimka ah faafiyay * sh c/laahi warsame sheekh deere * sh maxamed macalin cali * sheekh c/laah agoon * sh c/cabdi cosoble * macalin c/qaaddir sh cumar yarow * sh qaasim mucalim axmed * sh maxamuud iidle * sh axmed gurey oo ah mu,adin weyn oo caanka ah dagmada baxdo * Sh Xusen Sh Axmed Cali * sh c/laahi sabriye * macalin xuseen cilmi faarax suuley * Sh Cabdi Muuse jiirow *Intii Dhimatay Allaha U Naxariisto '''Gudoomiyaasha''' * 1 nuur xaashi maxamuud ilkacase * 2 sh bashiir waaweyne * 3 faroole cali khayre * 4 Cali sh maxamed * 5 Nuur colow * 6 Mohamed Abdullahi Muuse Jirow '''odayaashii dagmada''' * nabadoon cumar maxamed cabdi cumar gare * nabadoon xuseen suudi * nabadoon cli gujir * nabadoon cumar maxamed kaahiye * Nabadon yuusuf Muuse jiirow * nabadoon muuse nuux cabdi afrax * nabdoon jaamac cali salaad * nabadoon cismaan owcali taako cismaan kowte * nabadoon cismaan siyaad shirwac * nabadoon aadan faarax aadan mayle * nabadoon daahir maxmuud guuleed * nabadooon cabdi haybe cabdi cad *nabadoon Cali Maxamed shuureye (Cali Badel) * nabadoon garweyne salaad barqadle * nabadoon jaamac warsame ugaas *Intii Dhimatay Allaha U Naxariisto *Nabadonada Badan Kood Waa Dhinteen #Baxdo *Waa Magaladii Ugu Horeysay *Ee Ayagoo Shacab Iyo Culmo *Ah Shabab Kadilay Ugu Yaraan *Boqol Qof Ayagoo Malintas *Aysan Heysan Garab Dowladeed *Ama Mid Mamulba Gobaledba *Dadka Baxdo Ku Nool *Waa Dad Kala Dambeya *Mid Yar Iyo Mid Weynba *Isku Mowqifna Ah Wixii *Baxdo Quseeya •Dadka ku Nool baxdo 18,345 qof ouljxl60fgs62373wzs9xcca9be1vom 10 8995 305096 166048 2026-08-13T11:37:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305096 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|- ! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;" | Political offices </includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> k96asib5e35yu76s06x2ulpzl11ig3k 305097 305096 2026-08-13T11:37:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305097 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|- ! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;" | Xafiisyada siyaasadda </includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4931ir2p9pqte1w3jlbwtrc49p5tc1f 4 11131 305084 293384 2026-08-13T10:20:59Z Reer Yonis 46937 /* */ 305084 wikitext text/x-wiki Farmadow waa tuulo ku taala gobalka Jarar khasatan Dagmada Gunogado waxay caan ku tahay dhul xoolo daaqeena p9v4jwchje2x9fzb35rc218a03hduq8 305087 305084 2026-08-13T11:27:06Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Reer Yonis|Reer Yonis]] ([[User talk:Reer Yonis|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Abshirdheere|Abshirdheere]] 293384 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Fadlan wax maqaal ah ha ku darin! Waxaa jira hab loogu talo galay maqaalada cusub kaa soo ku tiirsan maqaalkaan: soo booqo Wikipedia:Sharaxaada maqaalada cusub ugadar halkaa soo jeedintaada. Waad ku mahdasantahay iskaashigaada --> {| style="clear:both; background:none; color:black;" {{Wikipedia:Maqaal Cusub/Hordhac}} [[#Cilmiga bulshada|Cilmiga bulshada]] · [[#Suugaan|Suugaan]] · [[#Juqraafi|Juquraafi]] · [[#Taariikh|Taariikh]] · [[#Afafka|Afafka]] · [[#Sharci|Sharci]] · [[#Ganacsi|Ganacsi]] · [[#Cilminafsi|Cilminafsi]] · [[#Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta|Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta]] · [[#Falsafad|Falsafad]] · [[#Xisaab|Xisaab]] · [[#Bayoloji|Bayoloji]] · [[#Kimisteri|Kimisteri]] · [[#Fiisikis|Fiisikis]] · [[#Caafimaadka|Caafimaadka]] </div> hakb7iqu5fg9vmw46uzt3jxncrywigr 10 13870 304990 287809 2026-08-12T13:51:47Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1919–1921).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1909–1926).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This flag of Afghanistan w 304990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Afghanistan | flag alias = Flag of the Taliban.svg | flag alias-1880 = Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg | flag alias-1901 = Flag of Afghanistan (1901–1919).svg | flag alias-1919 = Flag of Afghanistan (1909–1926).svg | flag alias-1926 = Flag of Afghanistan (1926–1928).svg | flag alias-1928a = Flag of Afghanistan (1928).svg | flag alias-1928 = Flag of Afghanistan (1928–1929).svg | flag alias-1929a = Flag of Afghanistan (1929).svg | flag alias-1929 = Flag of Afghanistan (1929–1931).svg | flag alias-1930 = Flag of Afghanistan (1931–1973).svg | flag alias-1973 = Flag of Afghanistan (1973–1974).svg | flag alias-1974 = Flag of Afghanistan (1974–1978).svg | flag alias-1978a = Flag of Afghanistan (1978).svg | flag alias-1978 = Flag of Afghanistan (1978–1980).svg | flag alias-1980 = Flag of Afghanistan (1980–1987).svg | flag alias-1987 = Flag of Afghanistan (1987–1992).svg | flag alias-1992a = Flag of Afghanistan (1992).svg | flag alias-1992 = Flag of Afghanistan (1992–2001).svg | flag alias-1996 = Flag of Taliban (original).svg | flag alias-1997 = Flag of the Taliban.svg | flag alias-2001 = Flag of Afghanistan (2001–2002).svg | flag alias-2002 = Flag of Afghanistan (2002–2004).svg | flag alias-2004 = Flag of Afghanistan (2004–2013).svg | flag alias-2013 = Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg | flag alias-Taliban = Flag of the Taliban.svg | link alias-military = Afghan Armed Forces | link alias-army = Afghan Army{{!}}Islamic National Army | flag alias-army = Military Flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Taliban (Shahada v2).svg | link alias-air force = Afghan Air Force | flag alias-Islamic Emirate = Flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg | flag alias-football = Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg | flag alias-cricket = Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1880 | var2 = 1901 | var3 = 1919 | var4 = 1926 | var5 = 1928a | var6 = 1928 | var7 = 1929a | var8 = 1929 | var9 = 1930 | var10 = 1973 | var11 = 1974 | var12 = 1978 | var13 = 1978a | var14 = 1980 | var15 = 1987 | var16 = 1992a | var17 = 1992 | var18 = 1996 | var19 = 1997 | var20 = 2001 | var21 = 2002 | var22 = 2004 | var23 = 2013 | var24 = Taliban | var25 = Islamic Emirate | var26 = football | var27 = cricket | redir1 = AFG | related1 = Emirate of Afghanistan | related2 = Kingdom of Afghanistan | related3 = Emirate of Afghanistan (1929) | related4 = Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) | related5 = Democratic Republic of Afghanistan | related6 = | related7 = Islamic State of Afghanistan | related8 = Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) | related9 = Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan | related10 = Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | related11 = Taliban | cat = Afghanistan </noinclude> }} tu4h1qyv60vzhbkj4bm4ns5yf95ufsn 10 16101 304960 304001 2026-08-12T12:18:41Z ~2026-44225-47 46922 304960 wikitext 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*[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= *[[510 (tiro)|510]] *[[511 (tiro)|511]] *[[512 (tiro)|512]] *[[513 (tiro)|513]] *[[514 (tiro)|514]] *[[515 (tiro)|515]] *[[516 (tiro)|516]] *[[517 (tiro)|517]] *[[518 (tiro)|518]] *[[519 (tiro)|519]] |list3= *[[520 (tiro)|520]] *'''[[521 (tiro)|521]]''' *[[522 (tiro)|522]] *'''[[523 (tiro)|523]]''' *[[524 (tiro)|524]] *[[525 (tiro)|525]] *[[526 (tiro)|526]] *[[527 (tiro)|527]] *[[528 (tiro)|528]] *[[529 (tiro)|529]] |list4= *[[530 (tiro)|530]] *[[531 (tiro)|531]] *[[532 (tiro)|532]] *[[533 (tiro)|533]] *[[534 (tiro)|534]] *[[535 (tiro)|535]] *[[536 (tiro)|536]] *[[537 (tiro)|537]] *[[538 (tiro)|538]] *[[539 (tiro)|539]] |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list11={{Navbox|child |title=[[1000 (tiro)|1000]] |state={{if|eq| {{{1|}}}|10|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> 24ssc6ujc236sx38d4l6h27wdwhpslq 0 17115 305081 299448 2026-08-12T22:50:38Z ~2026-44383-57 46931 305081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Country primarily located in North America}} '''United States of America''' ( USA ), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Maraykanka''' ( US ) ama '''Ameerika''', waa waddan ku yaal Waqooyiga Ameerika. Waa jamhuuriyad federaal ah oo ka kooban 50 gobol iyo degmo caasimad federaal ah, Washington, DC 48-da gobol ee iskuxiran waxay xuduud la leeyihiin Kanada dhanka waqooyi iyo Mexico dhanka koonfureed, oo leh nus-u-baxa Alaska ee waqooyi-galbeed iyo jasiiradaha Hawaii ee Badweynta Baasifigga. Maraykanku waxa kale oo uu sheegaa madax-banaanidiisa shan dhul jasiiradood oo waaweyn iyo jasiirado kala duwan oo aan la degganayn oo ku yaalla Oceania iyo Kariibiyaanka. Waa waddan kala duwan, oo leh bedka saddexaad ee adduunka ugu weyn iyo dadka saddexaad ee ugu badan, in ka badan 340 milyan. {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Maraykanka | common_name = Maraykanka | image_flag = Flag of the United States (Web Colors).svg | alt_flag = {{nbsp}} <!--Used to denote purely decorative images--> | image_coat = Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg | coat_alt = {{nbsp}} <!--Used to denote purely decorative images--> | symbol_type_article = Great Seal of the United States#Obverse | national_motto = "[[Ilaahay ayaan tala saarnay]]"<ref>{{USC|36|302}}</ref>{{collapsible list |title={{nowrap|Halkudhigyo kale oo dhaqameed:<ref name="de facto Motto">{{cite web |publisher=[[U. S. Department of State]], [[Bureau of Public Affairs]] |year=2003 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/27807.pdf |title=The Great Seal of the United States |access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref>}} |titlestyle=background:transparent;color:inherit;text-align:center;line-height:1.15em; |liststyle=text-align:center;white-space:nowrap; |{{native phrase|la|"[[E pluribus unum]]"|italics=off}}<br />"Qaar badan, mid" |{{native phrase|la|"[[Annuit cœptis]]"|italics=off}}<br />"Providence wuxuu jecel yahay waxqabadyadayada" |{{native phrase|la|"[[Novus ordo seclorum]]"|italics=off}}<br />"Nidaamka cusub ee da'da" }} | national_anthem = "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]"<ref>{{cite act |date=March 3, 1931 |article=14 |article-type=H. R. |legislature=[[71st United States Congress]] |title=An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America |url=https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=46&page=1508}}</ref><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0. 4em;">[[File:Star Spangled Banner instrumental.ogg]]</div> <!-- Commented out, as not [[WP:DUE]] for lead. |march="[[The Stars and Stripes Forever]]"<ref name="urluscode. house. gov">{{cite web |url=https://uscode. house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=112&page=1263 |title=uscode.house.gov |date=August 12, 1999 |website=Public Law 105-225 |publisher=uscode.house.gov |pages=112 Stat. 1263 |quote=Section 304. "The composition by John Philip Sousa entitled 'The Stars and Stripes Forever' is the national march. " |access-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:"The Star-Spangled Banner" - Choral with band accompaniment - United States Army Field Band.oga]]</div> --> <!-- Consensus map, see talk page. -->| image_map = USA orthographic.svg | map_width = 220px | capital = [[Washington, D. C. ]]<br />{{coord|38|53|N|77|1|W|display=inline}} | largest_city = [[New York City]]<br />{{coord|40|43|N|74|0|W|display=inline}} | official_languages = [[Ingiriis|ingiriis]]{{efn|name=officiallanguage|Per [[Executive Order 14224]]. <ref name="EOWP">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2025/03/01/trump-english-official-language-explainer/ |title=A Trump order made English the official language of the U. S. What does that mean? |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |author1=Vivian Ho |author2=Rachel Pannett |date=March 1, 2025}}</ref><ref name="EONYT">{{Cite news |last=Broadwater |first=Luke |date=March 1, 2025 |title=Trump ayaa saxiixay amar ah in Ingiriisigu yahay luqadda rasmiga ah ee Mareykanka|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/us/politics/trump-order-english-official-language.html |access-date=March 1, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302005819/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/us/politics/trump-order-english-official-language.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawladaha iyo dhulalka waxay si kala duwan u aqoonsadaan Ingiriisiga kaliya, Ingiriisi iyo hal ama in ka badan oo luqadaha maxaliga ah, ama maba luuqad. Eeg [[#Language|§ Language]]. }} <!-- NOTE: For English, don't add "American English" -->| ethnic_groups = {{plainlist|''Qowmiyad ahaan:'' *61. 8% [[Dadka Cadaanka|Caddaan]] *22. 8% [[Dadka Aasiyaanka|Aasiyaan]] *12. 4% [[Dadka madoow|Madoow]] *1. 1% [[Amwerikaan|Dhaladka Maraykanka]] *0. 2% [[Jasiiradaha Baasifiga Maraykanka|Jasiiradda Baasifigga]] *10. 2% [[Ameerikaanka jinsiyadaha badan|laba ama in ka badan jinsiyad]] *8. 4% [[Jinsiyada iyo qowmiyadaha ee tirakoobka Mareykanka|Kuwa kale]] }} {{plainlist|''Asal ahaan:'' * 81. 3% non-[[Hisbaanik iyo Latino Ameerikaan|Hisbaanik ama Latino]] * 18. 7% Hisbaanik ama Latino }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="2020CensusData"> {{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html |title=2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country |work=[[United States Census]] |access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref><ref name="2020InteractiveCensusData">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html?linkId=100000060666476 |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census, 2020 Census and 2027 Census |work=[[United States Census]] |access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity |title=A Breakdown of 2027 Census Demographic Data |date=August 13, 2021 |publisher=NPR }}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2027 | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |{{Tree list}} *67% [[Christianity in the United States|Christianity]] **33% [[Protestantism in the United States|Protestantism]] **22% [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholicism]] **11% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] **1% [[Mormonism]] {{Tree list/end}} |22% [[Irreligion in the United States|unaffiliated]] |2% [[American Jews|Judaism]] |6% [[Religion in the United States|other religion]] |3% unanswered }} | religion_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=June 8, 2007 |title=In Depth: Topics A to Z (Religion) |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1690/Religion.aspx |access-date=July 1, 2024 |website=[[Gallup, Inc. ]] |language=en}}</ref> | demonym = [[Ameericaan|Ameerikaan]]<ref>{{cite book |title=“Ensaaykloopidiyaha Sawirro leh ee Compton iyo Tusmada Xogta, Ohio” |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV5tvKPO684C&q=%22national+nicknames%22+Yankee |year=1963 |page=336}}</ref>{{efn|name=demonym|Shaydaanka taariikhiga ah iyo kan aan rasmiga ahayn[[Yankee]] ayaa lagu dabaqay dadka Maraykanka ah, New Englanders, iyo waqooyi-bari ilaa qarnigii 18aad. }} | government_type = Federaal [[Nidaamka Madaxtinimadda|Jamhuuriyad Madaxweyneed]] <!-- Please establish a consensus before adding "under a dictatorship" or anything similar here. --> <!-- Consensus is to list President, Vice President, Chief Justice, and Speaker of the House -->| leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Maraykanka|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Donald Trump]] | leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Maraykanka|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka]] | leader_name2 = [[JD Vance]] | leader_title3 = [[Guddoomiyaha Aqalka Wakiilada Mareykanka|Afhayeenka Aqalka]] | leader_name3 = [[Mike Johnson]] | leader_title4 = [[Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanka|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name4 = [[John Roberts]] | legislature = [[Kongorees-ka Maraykanka|Kongorees]] | upper_house = [[United States Guurtida|Guurtida]] | lower_house = [[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Maraykanka|Golaha Shacabka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Kacaanka Mareykanka|Madaxbanaanida]] | sovereignty_note = Ka [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska|Ween Britain]] | established_event1 = [[Ku dhawaaqida Madaxbanaanida Maraykanka|Bayaanka]] | established_date1 = {{Start date|1776|7|4}} | established_event2 = [[Muddada Isbahaysi|Isbahaysi]] | established_date2 = {{Start date|1781|3|1}} | established_event3 = [[Heshiiskii Paris (1783)|Aqoonsiga]] | established_date3 = {{Start date|1783|9|3}} | established_event4 = [[Dastuurka Maraykanka|Dastuurka]] | established_date4 = {{Start date|1788|6|21}} | area_link = Juqraafiga Mareykanka | area_label = Guud ahaan aagga | area_footnote = <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |work=[[Census.gov]] |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010. }}</ref>{{efn|name=largestcountry}} | area_rank = 3aad | area_sq_mi = 3,796,742 | percent_water = 7. 0<ref>{{cite web |title=The Water Area of Each State |access-date=January 29, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/how-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state |year=2018}}</ref> (2010) | area_label2 = Dhulka aagga | area_data2 = {{convert|3,531,905|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} (3rd) | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}}340,110,988<ref name="Vintage2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-total.html |title=National Population Totals and Components of Change: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 20, 2024}}</ref> | population_census = {{IncreaseNeutral}}331,449,281<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/04/2020-census-data-release.html |title=U. S. Census Bureau Today Delivers State Population Totals for Congressional Apportionment |work=[[United States Census]] |access-date=April 26, 2021}} The 2020 census was held on April 1, 2020. </ref>{{efn|name="pop"}} | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_census_year = 2020 | population_census_rank = 3aad | population_density_sq_mi = 96.8 <!-- Figure based on (population/land) in July 2025. --> | population_density_rank = 180aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $30.616&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEO.US" />{{efn|name=PPP}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 2aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $89,599<ref name="IMFWEO.US" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 10aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $30.616&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEO.US" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 1aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $89,599<ref name="IMFWEO.US" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 8aad | Gini = 41.8 <!-- Number only. --> | Gini_year = 2024 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2025/demo/p60-286.html |title=Income in the United States: 2024 |newspaper=Census.gov |page=52 |access-date=November 2, 2025}}</ref>{{efn|After adjustment for taxes and transfers}} | HDI = 0.938 <!-- Number only. --> | HDI_year = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=May 6, 2025 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 17aad | currency = [[United States dollar|U. S. dollar]] ([[$]]) | currency_code = USD | utc_offset = [[UTC−04:00|−4]] to [[UTC−12:00|−12]], [[UTC+10:00|+10]], [[UTC+11:00|+11]] | utc_offset_DST = [[UTC−04:00|−4]] to [[UTC−10:00|−10]]{{efn|name="time"}} | date_format = mm/dd/yyyy{{efn|See [[Date and time notation in the United States]]. }} | drives_on = Sax{{efn|name="drive"}} | calling_code = [[Qorshaha Lambaraynta Waqooyiga Ameerika|+1]] | iso3166code = US | cctld = [[. us]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cozab.com/the-difference-between-us-vs-com/ |title=The Difference Between. us vs. com |date=January 3, 2022 |website=Cozab |access-date=August 11, 2023 |archive-date=April 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416200528/https://cozab.com/the-difference-between-us-vs-com/ }}</ref> | religion_year = 2023 | flag_type_article = Flag of the United States }} Paleo-Indians waxay ka soo haajireen Waqooyiga Aasiya ilaa Waqooyiga Ameerika 12,000 oo sano ka hor, waxayna sameeyeen ilbaxnimo kala duwan. Gumeysiga Isbaanishka ayaa aasaasay Isbaanishka Florida 1513, gumeysigii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ee hadda loo yaqaan qaaradaha Mareykanka. Gumeysigii Ingriisku wuxuu raacay degsiimadii 1607 ee Virginia, kii ugu horreeyay ee Saddex iyo toban Gumeysi. Tahriibka khasabka ah ee Afrikaanka la addoonsanayey ayaa keenay xoog shaqaale si ay u joogteeyaan dhaqaalaha beerashada ee Gumaysiga Koonfureed. Isku dhacyada Boqortooyada Ingriiska ee ku saabsan canshuuraha iyo la'aanta matalaadda baarlamaanka ayaa kiciyay Kacaanka Mareykanka, taasoo keentay ku dhawaaqista madax-bannaanida July 4, 1776. Guushii 1775-1783 Dagaalkii Kacaanku waxay keentay aqoonsiga caalamiga ah ee madax-bannaanida Mareykanka waxayna sii hurisay balaadhinta galbeedka, oo laga saaray dadkii u dhashay. Sida gobolo badan loo ogolaaday, kala qaybsanaantii Waqooyi-Koonfureed ee addoonsiga ayaa keentay in Dawladaha Confederate-ka ee Ameerika ay isku dayaan in ay goostaan ​​oo ay la dagaalamaan Midowga Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Maraykanka 1861-1865. Guushii Mareykanka iyo dib u midoobidii, addoonsiga waa la baabi'iyay si heer qaran ah. Sannadkii 1900, waddanku wuxuu isu taagay inuu yahay awood weyn, xaalad adag ka dib markii uu ku lug lahaa dagaalkii 1aad ee aduunka. Ka dib weerarkii Japan ee Pearl Harbor 1941, Maraykanku wuxuu galay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Wixii ka dambeeyay waxay ka dhigtay Maraykanka iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti inay yihiin quwado iska soo horjeeda, waxayna ku loolamayaan talada fikirka iyo saamaynta caalamiga ah xilligii dagaalkii qaboobaa. Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee 1991-kii ayaa soo afjaray dagaalkii qaboobaa, taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka inuu yahay quwadda keliya ee adduunka. Dawladda qaranka Maraykanku waa jamhuuriyad federaali ah oo dastuuri ah iyo dimoqraadiyad wakiil ah oo leh saddex waaxood oo kala duwan: sharci-dejinta, fulinta, iyo garsoorka. Waxay leedahay sharci-dejin heer qaran ah oo laba aqal ah oo ka kooban Golaha Wakiilada ( Aqal hoose oo ku saleysan tirada dadka) iyo Guurtida ( Aqal sare oo ku saleysan matalaada siman ee gobol kasta). Federaalku waxa uu 50-ka gobol siinaya madax-bannaani la taaban karo. Intaa waxaa dheer, 574 qabiil oo Maraykan ah waxay leeyihiin xuquuq madax-banaani, waxaana jira 326 boos celin ah oo Maraykan ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1850-meeyadii, xisbiyada Dimuqraadiga iyo Jamhuurigu waxay maamulayeen siyaasadda Maraykanka, halka qiyamka Maraykanku ay ku salaysan yihiin dhaqan dimuqraadi ah oo ay dhiirigelisay dhaqdhaqaaqa Iftiinka Ameerika. Waddan horumaray, Maraykanku waxa uu ku jiraa heerka ugu sarreeya ee tartanka dhaqaalaha, hal-abuurka, iyo tacliinta sare. Iyadoo lagu xisaabtamayo in ka badan rubuc ka mid ah wax-soo-saarka dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah, dhaqaalaheeda ayaa ahaa kan ugu weyn adduunka ilaa 1890-kii. Waa dalka ugu qanisan, oo leh dakhliga ugu sarreeya ee la iska tuuri karo qofkiiba xubnaha OECD, in kasta oo sinnaan la'aanta hantida ay tahay midda ugu cadcad ee dalalkaas. Waxaa qaabeeyay soogalootiga qarniyo, dhaqanka Maraykanku waa kala duwan yahay oo saameyn caalami ah. Isagoo ka dhigaya in ka badan saddex-meelood meel kharashaadka militariga adduunka, waddanku wuxuu leeyahay mid ka mid ah militariga ugu xoogga badan waana waddan loo qoondeeyay nukliyeer. Xubin ka ah ururo badan oo caalami ah, Maraykanku waxa uu door weyn ka ciyaara siyaasadda, dhaqanka, dhaqaalaha, iyo arrimaha milatariga ee caalamiga ah. ==Asalka erayga== Isticmaalka dukumeenti ah ee weedha "United States of America" ​​waxay dib ugu noqotaa Janaayo 2, 1776. Maalintaas, Stephen Moylan, oo ah kaaliyaha Ciidanka Qaaradaha ee General George Washington, ayaa warqad u qoray Joseph Reed, kaaliyaha Washington, isagoo doonaya inuu aado " awood buuxda oo buuxa oo ka socota Maraykanka Maraykanka ilaa Spain" si uu u raadsado caawimo dagaal ee Kacaanka. Isticmaalka ugu horreeya ee dadweynaha loo yaqaan waa qoraal qarsoodi ah oo lagu daabacay wargeyska Williamsburg ee The Virginia Gazette Abriil 6, 1776. Waqti ku saabsan ama ka dib Juun 11, 1776, Thomas Jefferson wuxuu qoray "United States of America " ​​qabyo qallafsan oo ku saabsan Baaqa Madax-bannaanida ee July2 4, 1776. Erayga "United States" iyo asal ahaan "US", oo loo isticmaalo magacyo ahaan ama sifooyin ahaan Ingiriisi, waa magacyo gaagaaban oo caan ah oo dalka ah. Bilowga "USA", magac, sidoo kale waa caadi. "Mareykanka" iyo "US" waa ereyada la dejiyay dhammaan dowladda federaalka ee Mareykanka, oo leh shuruuc qoran. "Dawladaha" waa magac soo koobid la sameeyay, gaar ahaan dibadda laga isticmaalo; stateside" is the corresponding adjective or adverb. "Ameerika "waa qaabka dheddigga ah ee ereyga ugu horreeya ee Americus Vesputius, Magaca Laatiinka ee Amerigo Vespucci oo Talyaani ah waxaa markii ugu horreysay loo adeegsaday meel magac ahaan ah sawir - qaadayaasha Jarmalka Martin Waldseemüller iyo Matthias Ringmann ee 1507. 1492 waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah dhul-beereed aan hore loo aqoon oo aan ka mid ahayn Hindiya ee xadka bari ee Aasiya Ingiriisiga, ereyga "America" ​​badanaa ma tixraaco mawduucyo aan la xiriirin Maraykanka, inkastoo isticmaalka " Ameerika " si loo qeexo wadarta qaaradaha Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Ameerika. ==Taariikhda== ===Dadka asaliga ah=== [[File:Extreme Makeover, Mesa Verde Edition - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cliff Palace, dejinta awoowayaasha dadka Maraykanka u dhashay ee Pueblo ee ku nool Montezuma County, Colorado, oo la dhisay inta u dhaxaysa c. 1200 iyo 1275 ]] Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee degganaa Waqooyiga Ameerika waxay ka soo haajireen Siberiya in ka badan 12,000 oo sano ka hor, ha ahaadeen buundada dhulka Bering ama dhinaca xeebta xilliga barafka ee hadda quustay. Dhaqanka Clovis, oo soo muuqday qiyaastii 11,000 BC, ayaa la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay dhaqankii ugu horreeyay ee baahsan ee Ameerika. Muddo ka dib, dhaqamada asaliga ah ee Waqooyiga Ameerika ayaa sii kordhayay, iyo qaar, sida dhaqanka Mississippian, horumarinta beeraha, dhismaha, iyo bulshooyinka isku dhafan. Waqtigii ka dib qadiimiga, dhaqamada Mississippian waxay ku yaalliin badhtamaha-galbeed, bari iyo gobollada koonfureed, iyo Algonquian ee gobolka harooyinka waaweyn iyo dhinaca badda bari, halka dhaqanka Hohokam iyo Ancestral Puebloans ay degganaayeen koonfur-galbeed. Qiyaasta dadka asaliga ah ee hadda ah Maraykanka ka hor intaysan iman soogalootiga Yurub waxay u dhexeeyaan qiyaastii 500,000 ilaa ku dhawaad ​​​​10 milyan. ===Sahaminta, gumeysiga iyo colaadaha reer Yurub (1513-1765)=== [[File:Nouvelle-France map-en.svg|thumb|Lahaanshaha gumeysiga ee Ingiriiska (Saddex iyo Tobankii Gumeysi ee casaan iyo kuwa kale oo guduudan), Faransiiska (buluug), iyo Isbaanish (liimi) ee Waqooyiga Ameerika, 1750]] Christopher Columbus wuxuu bilaabay sahaminta Kariibiyaanka ee Isbaanishka 1492, taasoo u horseeday degsiimooyinka Isbaanishka iyo hawlgallada laga bilaabo hadda Puerto Rico iyo Florida ilaa New Mexico iyo California. Gumeysigii ugu horreeyay ee Isbaanishka ee maanta qaaradaha Mareykanka wuxuu ahaa Isbaanishka Florida, oo loo kireeyay 1513. Ka dib markii dhowr degsiimo ay halkaas ku fashilmeen gaajo iyo cudur dartiis, magaaladii ugu horreysay ee Spain ee Saint Augustine, waxaa la aasaasay 1565. Faransiisku waxay dejiyeen degsiimo u gaar ah Faransiiska Florida 1562, laakiin midkoodna waa laga tagay (Charlesfort, 1578) ama waxaa burburiyay weerarradii Isbaanishka ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Degsiimooyinka joogtada ah ee Faransiiska ayaa la aasaasay wax badan ka dib hareeraha Harooyinka Weyn ( Fort Detroit, 1701), Wabiga Mississippi (Saint Louis, 1764) iyo gaar ahaan Gacanka Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Gumeysigii hore ee Yurub waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray gumeysigii Nederland ee kobcaya ee New Nederland (la degay 1626, New York maanta) iyo gumeysiga yar ee Iswidhan ee New Sweden (la degay 1638 ee hadda Delaware). Gumeysigii Ingiriiska ee Xeebta Bari wuxuu ka bilaabmay Colony Virginia (1607) iyo Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts, 1620). Heshiiska Mayflower ee Massachusetts iyo Awaamiirta Asaasiga ah ee Connecticut waxay aasaaseen horudhac u ah is-xukunka wakiillada iyo dastuurinimada ee ka soo bixi doona guud ahaan gumeysiga Mareykanka. Iyadoo dadka reer Yurub ee ku nool waxa hadda ah Maraykanka ay la kulmeen iskahorimaadyo Asalkii hore ee Maraykanka, waxay sidoo kale ku hawlan yihiin ganacsi, iyagoo ku beddelanaya qalabka Yurub ee cuntada iyo xayawaanka. Xidhiidhku wuxuu u dhexeeyay iskaashi dhow ilaa dagaal iyo xasuuq. Maamulka gumaystaha ayaa inta badan raacda siyaasado ku qasbay dadka Asaliga ah ee Ameerikaanka ah in ay qaataan qaab nololeedka Yurub, oo ay ku jirto diinta Masiixiga. Dhinaca xeebta bari, degayaashu waxay ka ganacsanayeen addoomo Afrikaan ah iyagoo u maraya ganacsiga addoonta ee Atlantic. Saddex iyo tobankii Gumeysi ee asalka ahaa oo markii dambe la heli lahaa Mareykanka waxaa loo maamuli jiray hanti ahaan Boqortooyada Ingiriiska oo ay soo magacaabeen guddoomiyeyaasha Crown, in kasta oo dawladaha hoose ay qabteen doorashooyin u furan inta badan milkiileyaasha hantida ragga cad. Dadka gumaysigu si xawli ah ayuu uga koray Maine ilaa Joorjiya, isaga oo madoobaaya dadka Asaliga ah ee Maraykanka; ilaa 1770-meeyadii, korodhka dabiiciga ah ee dadku wuxuu ahaa sida kaliya tiro yar oo Maraykan ah ayaa ku dhashay dibadda. Fogaanta gumaysigu u jiro Ingiriiska ayaa fududaysay is-xukunka, iyo baraarujintii ugu horreysay, dib u soo noolayn taxane ah oo Masiixiyiin ah, waxay kicisay xiisaha gumaysigu u leeyahay xorriyadda diineed ee la hubo. ===Kacaankii Mareykanka iyo Jamhuuriyaddii hore (1765-1800)=== [[File:Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|Bayaanka Madax-bannaanida Sawirka waxa uu muujinayaa Guddiga Shanta ah oo soo bandhigaya Baaqa Shirweynaha Qaaradda ee Juun 28, 1776, ee Philadelphia]] Ka dib guushii ay ka gaareen dagaalkii Faransiiska iyo Hindiya, Ingiriisku wuxuu bilaabay inuu si weyn u maamulo arrimaha gumeysiga maxalliga ah, taasoo keentay iska caabin siyaasadeed oo gumeysi; Mid ka mid ah cabashooyinka aasaasiga ah ee gumeysiga ayaa ahaa in la duudsiyo xuquuqdooda Ingiriisi ahaan, gaar ahaan xaqa ay u leeyihiin in ay matalaan dawladda Ingiriiska oo canshuur ka qaaday. Si ay u muujiyaan ku qanacsanaan la'aantooda iyo xalintooda, Shirweynihii Koowaad ee Qaaradda ayaa kulmay 1774-kii wuxuuna soo gudbiyay Ururka Qaaradaha, qaadacaada gumeysiga ee alaabta Ingiriiska taas oo caddaynaysa waxtarka. Isku daygii Ingriisku ku doonayey in uu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo gumaystaha waxa uu keenay 1775 dagaaladii Lexington iyo Concord, taas oo hurisay dagaalkii Kacaanka Maraykanka. Shirweynihii Labaad ee Qaaradaha, gumeysigu waxay u magacaabeen George Washington taliyaha guud ee Ciidanka Qaaradda, waxayna abuureen guddi u magacaabay Thomas Jefferson si ay u qoraan ku dhawaaqista madax-bannaanida. Laba maalmood ka dib markii la ansixiyay Lee Resolution in la abuuro qaran madax - bannaan Baaqa waxaa la ansixiyay July 4, 1776. iyo madaxbanaanida dadka; taageeridda jamhuuriyadda iyo diidmada boqortooyada, aristocracy, iyo dhammaan awoodda siyaasadeed ee dhaxalka ah; dhaqanka bulshada; iyo cayda musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed. Aabayaasha Aasaasiga ah ee Maraykanka, oo ay ku jiraan Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, iyo kuwo kale oo badan, waxaa dhiirigeliyay falsafadaha iyo fikradaha Classical, Renaissance, iyo Iftiinka. In kasta oo saameyn la taaban karo tan iyo markii la qoray 1777, Qodobbada Confederation waxaa lagu ansixiyay 1781 waxayna si rasmi ah u dhistay dawlad baahsan oo shaqaynaysay ilaa 1789. waqooyi ilaa maanta Kanada, iyo koonfurta ilaa Isbaanishka Florida. Xeerka Waqooyi-galbeed (1787) wuxuu dejiyey tusaalaha ah in dhulka waddanku uu ku fido marka la ogolaado dawlado cusub, halkii la ballaarin lahaa dawladaha jira. Dastuurka Mareykanka waxaa lagu sameeyay Heshiiskii Dastuuriga ahaa ee 1787 si looga gudbo xaddidaadyada Qodobada. Waxa ay dhaqan gashay 1789kii, iyada oo la abuuray jamhuuriyad federaal ah oo ay maamulaan saddex laamood oo kala duwan kuwaas oo si wada jir ah u xaqiijiyay nidaamka hubinta iyo dheelitirka. George Washington waxaa loo doortay madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dalka sida uu qabo Dastuurka, Sharciga Xuquuqda waxaa la ansixiyay 1791 si loo yareeyo walaaca shakiga ee ku saabsan awoodda dowladda dhexe. Iscasilaadiisii ​​taliyaha guud ee ciidamada kadib dagaalkii kacaanka iyo diidmadiisi danbe ee uu u diiday in uu mar sadexaad u tartamo madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee dalka waxa uu sameeyay tusaale u ah sareynta maamulka madaniga ah ee maraykanka iyo in si nabad ah xukunka loogu wareejiyo. ===Balaadhinta Galbeedka iyo Dagaalkii Sokeeye (1800-1865)=== [[File:U.S. Territorial Acquisitions.png|thumb|Dhul balaadhinta Maraykanka]] Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 18-aad, degeyaashii Maraykanku waxay bilaabeen inay u balaadhiyaan dhanka galbeed tiro badan, qaar badan oo leh dareen cad oo aayahooda ah. Iibka Louisiana ee 1803 ee Faransiiska wuxuu ku dhawaad ​​laba jibaaray dhulka Mareykanka. Arrimihii dhex-maray ee Ingiriiska ayaa hadhay, taasoo keentay dagaalkii 1812, kaas oo lagu dagaalamay barbaro. Isbayn waxay ku wareejisay Florida iyo dhulkeeda xeebta Gacanka 1819. Isu -tanaasulka Missouri ee 1820-kii, kaas oo Missouri u aqoonsaday dawlad addoon ah iyo Maine oo ah dawlad xor ah, waxay isku dayday inay dheellitirto rabitaanka gobollada woqooyi si ay uga hortagto balaadhinta addoonsiga ee dhulalka cusub iyo kan gobollada koonfureed si ay halkaas ugu fidiyaan. Asal ahaan, tanaasulku wuxuu mamnuucay addoonsiga dhammaan dhulalka kale ee wax iibsiga Louisiana ee waqooyiga ee 36°30′ is barbar socda. Markii ay dadka Maraykanku ku sii fidayeen dhulka ay degan yihiin dadka Asaliga ah ee Maraykanka ah, dawladda federaalku waxay hirgelisay siyaasadaha ka saarista Hindida ama isku darka. Sharciga ugu muhiimsan ee noocan oo kale ah wuxuu ahaa sharciga ka saarida Hindiya ee 1830, siyaasadda muhiimka ah ee Madaxweyne Andrew Jackson. Waxay sababtay in Dad lagu qiyaaso 60,000 oo Maraykan ah oo ku noolaa bariga Wabiga Mississippi si qasab ah looga saaray oo loo barokiciyey dhulalka ka fog galbeedka, taasoo sababtay 13,200 ilaa 16,700 dhimasho. Balaadhinta degeyaasha iyo sidoo kale qulqulka dadka asaliga ah ee ka yimid Bariga ayaa sababay Dagaalkii Hindida Mareykanka ee galbeedka Mississippi. Maraykanku waxa uu la wareegay jamhuuriyada Texas sanadkii 1845, iyo 1846 Treaty ee Oregon waxa uu horseeday in Maraykanku gacanta ku hayo Waqooyiga-galbeed ee Ameerika maanta. Murankii Mexico ee Texas wuxuu horseeday Dagaalkii Mexico-Maraykanka (1846-1848). Guushii Mareykanka ka dib, Mexico waxay aqoonsatay madaxbannaanida Mareykanka ee Texas, New Mexico, iyo California ee joogitaanka Mexico 1848; dhulalka ceyrinta ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ku jiray gobolada mustaqbalka ee Nevada, Colorado iyo Utah. Dhaqdhaqaaqii dahabka ee California ee 1848-1849 wuxuu kiciyay guuritaan weyn oo dadka cadaanka ah ee xeebaha Baasifigga, taasoo keentay xitaa iska hor imaadyo badan oo lala yeeshay dadka asaliga ah. Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu rabshadaha badan, xasuuqii California ee kumannaan qof oo deegaanka ah, ayaa socday bartamihii 1870-yadii. Dhulal iyo dawlado reer galbeed oo dheeraad ah ayaa la abuuray. [[File:US SlaveFree1858.gif|thumb|Dawladaha addoonta ah iyo kuwa xorta ah ee 1858]] Intii lagu jiray xilligii gumeysiga, addoonsigu wuxuu ahaa mid sharci ah gumeysiga Mareykanka, isagoo noqday xoogga shaqada ugu weyn ee baaxadda weyn, dhaqaalaha ku tiirsan beeraha ee Gumeysiga Koonfurta Maryland ilaa Georgia. Dhaqanku wuxuu bilaabay in si weyn wax looga weydiiyo intii lagu jiray Kacaankii Mareykanka, oo uu kiciyay dhaqdhaqaaq firfircoon oo baabi'in ah oo dib u soo noolaaday 1830-meeyadii, gobollada Waqooyiga ayaa soo saaray sharciyo mamnuucaya addoonsiga gudaha xuduudahooda. Isla markaana, taageerada addoonsiga ayaa ku xoojisay gobollada koonfureed, iyadoo si baahsan loo isticmaalo ikhtiraacyada sida suufka (1793) oo addoonsiga ka dhigay mid faa'iido badan u leh dadka koonfurta. Intii lagu jiray sannadihii 1850-aadkii, khilaafkan qaybta ah ee ku saabsan addoonsiga waxaa sii huriyay sharcigii qaranka ee Koongareeska Mareykanka iyo go'aamadii Maxkamadda Sare. Congress-ka dhexdiisa, Xeerka addoonsiga baxsadka ah ee 1850 ayaa amray in si khasab ah ay ugu laabtaan milkiilayaashooda koonfurta addoonta ah ee magangeliyay dawladaha aan addoonsiga ahayn, halka Sharciga Kansas-Nebraska ee 1854 uu si wax ku ool ah u baabi'iyay shuruudaha ka-hortagga addoonsiga ee Compromise-ka Missouri. Go'aankeeda Dred Scott ee 1857, Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay addoon la keenay dhul aan addoon ahayn, isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu ku dhawaaqay dhammaan Compromise Missouri inuu yahay mid aan dastuuri ahayn. Dhacdooyinkan iyo kuwa kale waxay sii xumeeyeen xiisadaha u dhexeeya Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta taasoo ku dhammaan doonta Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Maraykanka (1861-1865). Laga bilaabo South Carolina, 11 dawlad-goboleedka addoonta ah ayaa u codeeyay in ay ka go'aan Maraykanka 1861, ku biiraan si ay u abuuraan Confederate States of America. Dhammaan dawlad goboleedyada kale waxay daacad u ahaayeen Ururka. Dagaalku wuxuu qarxay Abriil 1861 ka dib markii Confederacy ay duqeeyeen Fort Sumter. Kadib ku dhawaaqistii xoraynta Janaayo 1, 1863, addoomo badan oo la soo daayay ayaa ku biiray ciidanka Midowga. Dagaalku waxa uu bilaabay in uu u soo jeesto nicmada Midowga ka dib 1863 go'doominta Vicksburg iyo Battle of Gettysburg, iyo Confederates waxay is dhiibeen 1865 ka dib guushii Midowga ee Battle of Appomattox Court House. ===Dib-u-dhiska, Da'da Jilicsan, iyo Xilligii Horumarka (1863-1917)=== Dadaalka dib u dhiska ee Koonfurta gooni-u-goosadka wuxuu bilaabmay horraantii 1862, laakiin waxay ahayd uun dilkii Madaxweyne Lincoln ka dib in saddexda dib-u-dhiska wax ka beddelka dastuurka la ansixiyay si loo ilaaliyo xuquuqda madaniga ah. Wax-ka-beddelku waxa uu habeeyey qaran ahaan baabiinta addoonsiga iyo addoonsiga aan ikhtiyaarka lahayn marka laga reebo ciqaabta dembiyada, waxaana loo ballan qaaday ilaalin siman oo sharciga waafaqsan dhammaan dadka, iyo mamnuucidda takoorka ku salaysan jinsiyadda ama addoonsiga hore. Natiijo ahaan, Afrikaan Ameerikaanku waxay door siyaasadeed oo firfircoon ka qaateen dawladihii hore ee Confederate tobankii sano ee ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Sokeeye. Dawladihii hore ee Confederate-ka ayaa dib loogu celiyay Ururka, laga bilaabo Tennessee 1866 oo ku dhammaaday Georgia 1870. Kaabayaasha qaranka, oo ay ku jiraan telegaraafka ka gudba qaaradaha iyo jidadka tareenada, ayaa kiciyay korriinka soohdinta Maraykanka. Tan waxa dardargeliyay Acts Homestead, kaas oo ku dhawaad ​​10 boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee dhulka Maraykanka la siiyay lacag la'aan ilaa 1. 6 milyan guri. Laga soo bilaabo 1865 ilaa 1917, qulqulo muhaajiriin ah oo aan horay loo arag ayaa yimid Mareykanka, oo ay ku jiraan 24. 4 milyan oo ka yimid Yurub. Intooda badan waxay soo mareen Dekedda New York, magaalada New York iyo magaalooyinka kale ee waaweyn ee xeebta Bari waxay noqdeen hoy ay ku nool yihiin dad badan oo Yuhuud ah, Irish iyo Talyaani. Qaar badan oo reer Yurub ah iyo sidoo kale tiro badan oo Jarmal ah iyo qaar kale oo Yurubta dhexe ah ayaa u guuray Midwest. Isla markaa, ilaa hal milyan oo Kanadiyaan Faransiis ah ayaa ka haajiray Quebec una guureen New England. Intii lagu jiray Socdaalkii Wayn, malaayiin Afrikaan Maraykan ah ayaa ka tagay miyiga Koonfurta iyagoo aaday magaalooyinka waqooyiga. Alaska waxaa laga soo iibsaday Ruushka 1867. Isku -tanaasulka 1877 ayaa guud ahaan loo arkaa inuu dhammaaday xilligii dib-u-dhiska, maadaama ay xalliyeen qalalaasaha doorashada ka dib doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 1876-kii oo uu u horseeday Madaxweyne Rutherford B. Hayes inuu yareeyo doorka ciidamada federaalka ee Koonfurta. Isla markiiba, Bixiyeyaashu waxay bilaabeen inay ka saaraan Carpetbaggers waxayna si deg deg ah u soo ceshadeen xukunka maxalliga ah ee siyaasadda Koonfurta iyagoo adeegsanaya magaca sareynta cad. Afrikaan Ameerikaanku waxay ku adkeysteen muddo korodhay, cunsuriyad cad ka dib Dib-u-dhiska, wakhti inta badan loo yaqaan nadir ee xiriirka jinsiyada Maraykanka. Go'aanno taxane ah oo Maxkamadda Sare ah, oo ay ku jiraan Plessy v. Ferguson, faaruqiyeen afar iyo tobnaad iyo shan iyo tobnaad wax ka beddelka xooggooda, jidaynayey sharciyada Jim Crow ee Koonfurta si ay u sii ahaado mid aan la hubin, magaalooyinka qorraxda ee Midwest, iyo kala soocidda ee bulshooyinka dalka oo dhan, taas oo lagu xoojin doono by siyaasadda Home ee Redlinan Lo'da dambe ee O. Qaraxa horumarinta tignoolajiyada oo ay weheliso ka faa'iidaysiga shaqaalaha soogalootiga ah ee raqiis ah ayaa horseeday balaadhin dhaqaale oo degdeg ah dabayaaqadii 19th iyo horraantii qarniyadii 20aad, taas oo u oggolaanaysa Maraykanka inuu ka sarre maro dhaqaalaha England, Faransiiska, iyo Jarmalka oo la isku daray. Tani waxay kobcisay awood urursi ay sameeyeen dhawr ka mid ah warshadaha caanka ah, oo ay ugu badan tahay samaynta ammaano iyo keli-talis si looga hortago tartanka. Tycoons ayaa horseeday balaadhinta qaranka ee wadooyinka tareenada, batroolka, iyo warshadaha birta. Maraykanku wuxuu u soo baxay inuu yahay hormuudka warshadaha baabuurta. Isbeddelladani waxay keeneen koror weyn oo ku yimid sinnaan la'aanta dhaqaale, xaaladaha isku raranta, xasilloonida bulshada, abuurista jawi ururada shaqaalaha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada hantiwadaagga si ay u bilaabaan inay koraan. Muddadani waxay ugu dambeyntii ku dhammaatay imaatinka Horumarka Horumarka, kaas oo lagu gartey dib-u-habeyn la taaban karo Canaasiirtii Maraykanka u ololaysay ee Hawaii ayaa afgembiyay boqortooyadii Hawaay; jasiiradaha waxaa la raaciyey 1898. Isla sanadkaas, Puerto Rico, Filibiin, iyo Guam waxa ay Spain u dhiibtay Maraykanka ka dib guuldaradii dambe ee dagaalkii Isbaanishka iyo Ameerika. (Filibiin waxa ay xornimo buuxda ka heleen Maraykanka July 4, 1946, ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Puerto Rico iyo Guam waxay ku hadheen dhulalka Maraykanka. ) American Samoa waxa la wareegay Maraykanka 1900 ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee Samoan. Jasiiradaha US Virgin Islands waxa laga soo iibsaday Danmark 1917 ===Dagaalkii Dunida I, Niyad-jab weyn, iyo Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka (1917-1945)=== [[File:Trinity shot color (4x3 cropped).jpg|thumb|Tijaabadii Saddex-midnimada Mareykanka ee 1945, qarxintii ugu horreysay abid ee hubka nukliyeerka]] Maraykanku waxa uu galay dagaalkii 1aad ee aduunka isaga oo garab socda xulafadiisa 1917 isaga oo gacan ka gaysanayay in uu ka soo horjeesto quwadaha dhexe. Sannadkii 1920-kii, wax-ka-beddel dastuuri ah ayaa la siiyay doorashada haweenka waddanka oo dhan. Intii lagu guda jiray 1920-meeyadii iyo 1930-meeyadii, raadiyaha isgaarsiinta guud iyo telefishinka hore ayaa beddelay isgaarsiinta dalka oo dhan. Burburkii Wall Street ee 1929 wuxuu kiciyay Niyad-jabka Weyn, kaas oo Madaxweyne Franklin D. Roosevelt uu kaga jawaabay qorshaha Hiigsiga Cusub ee "dib u habeynta, soo kabashada iyo gargaarka", barnaamijyo taxane ah oo aan horay loo arag oo soo kabashada iyo mashaariicda gargaarka shaqada oo ay weheliso dib-u-habeyn maaliyadeed iyo sharciyo. Bilawgii dhex dhexaadnimada intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, Maraykanku waxa uu bilaabay in uu sahay dagaal u keeno xulafadii dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka March 1941 waxana uu dagaalka galay December ka dib weerarkii Boqortooyadii Japan ee Pearl Harbor. Maraykanku wuxuu sameeyay hubkii ugu horreeyay ee nukliyeerka wuxuuna u adeegsaday magaalooyinka Japan ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki Agoosto 1945, soo afjaray dagaalka. Maraykanku wuxuu ka mid ahaa " Afar Booliis " oo kulmay si ay u qorsheeyaan aduunka dagaalka ka dib, oo ay weheliyaan Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo Shiinaha. Maraykanku waxa uu ka soo baxay dagaal aan waxba laga qaban, isaga oo weliba leh awood dhaqaale oo weyn iyo saamayn siyaasadeed oo caalami ah. ===Dagaalkii qaboobaa iyo kacaankii bulshada (1945-1991)=== [[File:Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. (Leaders marching from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial) - NARA - 542010.jpg|thumb|Dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha xuquuqda madaniga ah intii lagu jiray March ee Shaqooyinka iyo Xoriyadda ee Washington, DC ee Agoosto 1963]] [[File:Reagan and Gorbachev signing.jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyihii Soofiyeedka [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]. iyo Madaxweyne [[Ronald Reagan]]. ayaa [[Aqalka Cad]]. ku kala saxiixday Heshiis Dhex-dhexaad ah oo Nukliyeerka ah sanadkii 1987-kii. ]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 2aad ee aduunka 1945kii waxa uu Maraykanka iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti ka dhigay dawlado waaweyn, mid walbana waxa uu leeyahay siyaasad, ciidan iyo dhaqaale u gaar ah. Xiisada juquraafiyeed ee u dhaxaysa labada quwadood ee ugu waa wayn ayaa waxa ay markiiba keentay dagaalkii qaboobaa. Maraykanku wuxuu adeegsaday siyaasadda xakamaynta si loo xaddido saameeynta USSR, oo ku hawlan isbeddelka nidaamka ee ka dhanka ah dawladaha loo arko inay la safan yihiin Moscow, waxayna ka adkaadeen Race Race, kaas oo ku dhammaaday markii ugu horeysay ee dayax-gacmeedka dayax 1969. Gudaha, Maraykanku waxa uu la kulmay kobac dhaqaale, magaalo-beelid, iyo korodhka dadweynaha ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda madaniga ah ayaa soo baxay, iyadoo Martin Luther King Jr. uu noqday hogaamiye caan ah horaantii 1960-meeyadii. Qorshaha Bulshada Weyn ee maamulka madaxweyne Lyndon B. Johnson wuxuu keenay sharciyo, siyaasado iyo wax ka beddel ballaaran oo la taaban karo si looga hortago qaar ka mid ah saameynta ugu xun ee cunsuriyadda hay'adaha. Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqan-ka-hortagga ee Maraykanka ayaa keenay isbeddelo bulsheed oo la taaban karo, oo ay ku jiraan xoraynta fikradaha isticmaalka maandooriyaha madadaalada iyo galmada. Waxa kale oo ay dhiirigelisay diidmo furan oo ku saabsan qabyo-qoraalka milatari ( oo horseedaya dhammaadka qorista 1973) iyo mucaarad ballaaran oo ka soo horjeeda faragelinta Maraykanka ee Vietnam, iyada oo Maraykanku gebi ahaanba ka baxay 1975. 1985 inta badan dumarka Maraykanka ee da'doodu tahay 16 iyo ka weyn ayaa la shaqaaleysiiyay. Burburkii Shuuciyadda iyo Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti 1989-kii ilaa 1991-kii waxay astaan ​​u noqdeen dagaalkii qaboobaa, wuxuuna ka dhigay Mareykanka inuu yahay quwadda keliya ee adduunka. Tani waxay xoojinaysaa saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah, iyada oo xoojinaysa fikradda " Qarnigii Ameerikaanka " iyada oo Maraykanku uu xukumayay siyaasadda caalamiga ah, dhaqanka, dhaqaalaha, iyo arrimaha milatariga. ===Casriga ah (1991- hadda)=== [[File:WTC smoking on 9-11.jpeg|thumb|Labadii Dhismo ee Mataano ahaa ee magaalada New York intii lagu jiray weerarradii 11-kii Sebtembar 2001]] [[File:2021 storming of the United States Capitol DSC09254-2 (50820534063) (retouched).jpg|thumb|Taageerayaasha madaxweyne Trump oo isku dayaya inay joojiyaan tirinta codadka doorashada Janaayo 6, 2021]] Sagaashamaadkii waxa la arkay balaadhinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer ee la diiwaan geliyo taariikhda Maraykanka, hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid heerka dambiyada Maraykanka, iyo horumarka tignoolajiyada. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, hal-abuurnimada tignoolajiyada sida World Wide Web, kobaca Pentium microprocessor si waafaqsan sharciga Moore, baytariyada lithium-ion dib loo dallaci karo, tijaabada daaweynta hidda-wadaha ee ugu horreeya, iyo cloning midkood ayaa ka soo baxay Mareykanka ama waa la hagaajiyay. Mashruuca Human Genome waxaa si rasmi ah loo bilaabay 1990, halka Nasdaq ay noqotay suuqii ugu horreeyay ee saamiyada Mareykanka ee ka ganacsata khadka 1998. Dagaalkii Gacanka ee 1991-kii, isbahaysi caalami ah oo Maraykanku hogaaminayo ayaa ka saaray ciidamadii Ciraaq ee qabsaday Kuwait. Weeraradii Sebtembar 11 ee Mareykanka ee 2001 oo ay fuliyeen ururka xagjirka ah ee Islaamiyiinta ee al-Qaacida ayaa horseeday dagaalka ka dhanka ah argagixisada iyo faragelinta militari ee ka dib Afgaanistaan ​​iyo Ciraaq. Xumbo -xumada guryaynta Maraykanku waxa ay ku dhammaatay 2007-dii hoos-u-dhacii weynaa, hoos-u-dhacii dhaqaale ee ugu weynaa tan iyo niyad-jabkii weynaa. Sannadihii 2010-aadkii iyo horraantii 2020-meeyadii, Maraykanku waxa uu la kulmaa koror -soo-bax siyaasadeed iyo dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah. Polarization-ka waddanku wuxuu si ba'an uga muuqday weerarkii January 2021 Capitol, ​​markii kooxo kacdoon wadayaal ah ay galeen Capitol-ka Maraykanka oo ay doonayeen inay ka hortagaan isku-wareejin nabadeed oo xukunka isku dayeen. ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Uspaintedrelief.png|thumb|Khariidad muuqaal ah oo Maraykan ah]] Mareykanku waa dalka saddexaad ee adduunka ugu weyn marka la eego bedka ahaan [[Ruushka]]. iyo [[Kanada]]. 48-da gobol ee iskuxiran iyo Degmada kolumbia waxay leeyihiin bedka la isku daray 3,119,885 mayl laba jibaaran (8,080,470 km2 ). Sannadkii 2021, Maraykanku wuxuu lahaa 8% seeraha iyo daaqa joogtada ah ee Dhulka iyo 10% dhul-beereedka. Laga bilaabo bari, bannaanka xeebta ee badweynta Atlantikada waxay fursad u siineysaa kaymaha gudaha iyo buuraha rogaal-celiska ah ee gobolka Piedmont plateau. Buuraha Appalachian iyo Adirondack Massif waxay ka soocaan xeebta bari ee harooyinka waaweyn iyo cawska Galbeedka Dhexe. Nidaamka Wabiga Mississippi, nidaamka wabiga afraad ee aduunka ugu dheer, wuxuu inta badan ku socdaa waqooyi-koonfur ilaa bartamaha dalka. Barxadda fidsan ee bacrinsan ee Bannaanka Weyn waxa ay ku fidsan tahay dhanka galbeed, oo ay kala gooyeen gobolka sare ee koonfur-bari. [[File:Grand Canyon (52931490880).jpg|thumb|Grand Canyon ee Arizona]] Buuraha Rocky, galbeed ee bannaanka weyn, waxay ku fidsan yihiin waqooyi ilaa koonfurta dalka oo dhan, iyaga oo kor u dhaafaya 14,000 cagood (4,300 m) guda Colorado. Volcano -ka sare ee hoosta ka ah Beerta Qaranka ee Yellowstone ee Buuraha Rocky, Yellowstone Caldera, waa muuqaalka foolkaanaha ugu weyn waxtarka. Galbeedka ka sii fog waa basinka weyn ee dhagaxa leh iyo Chihuahuan, Sonoran, iyo lamadegaanka Mojave. Geeska waqooyi-galbeed ee Arizona, oo uu ku xardhay Wabiga Colorado, waa Grand Canyon, oo ah canyon-jilicsan iyo goob caan ah oo dalxiis tago oo loo yaqaanno cabirka muuqaal ah oo xad dhaaf ah iyo muuqaal muuqaal ah oo qalafsan, muuqaal midab leh. Buuraha Cascade iyo Sierra Nevada waxay u dhow yihiin Baasifigga. Dhibcaha ugu horeeyay iyo kuwa ugu sarreeya ee iskuxiran ee Mareykanka waxay ku yaalliin Gobolka California, oo u jira 84 mayl (135 km). Kor u kaca 20,310 cagood (6,190. 5 m), Alaska's Denali (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Mount McKinley) waa meesha ugu taariikhda ee dalka iyo guul. Volcanoyada firfircoon ee Maraykanka waxay ku badan yihiin dhulka Alaska ee Alexander iyo Aleutian. Waxay ku taal gebi-meel ka baxsan Waqooyiga Ameerika, Waqooyiga Ameerika waxay ka kooban yihiin qaybo foolkaanooyin ah, qayb jireed iyo asal ahaan ka tirsan qaybta Polynesian ee Oceania. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Köppen Climate Types US 50.png|thumb|Noocyada cimilada ee Köppen ee Maraykanka]] Noocyada cimilada ee Köppen ee Maraykanka Iyada oo cabbirkeeda ballaaran iyo kala duwanaanshaheeda juqraafiyeed, Mareykanka waxaa ku jira badi noocyada cimilada. Bariga meeriska 100-aad, cimiladu waxay u dhaxaysaa min qaarad qoyan oo woqooyi ah ilaa kulaylaha qoyan ee koonfurta. Galbeedka Great Plains waa semi-oomane. Meelo badan oo buuraley ah oo ku yaal Galbeedka Ameerika waxay leeyihiin cimilo alpine ah. Cimiladu waa oomane Koonfur-galbeed, Mediterranean ee xeebta California, iyo badweynta xeebta Oregon, Washington, iyo koonfurta Alaska. Inta badan Alaska waa dhul-beereedka ama polar. Hawaii, cidhifka koonfureed ee Florida iyo dhulalka Maraykanka ee Kariibiyaanka iyo Baasifigga waa kulaale. Maraykanku waxa uu helaa shilal cimilo oo aad u daran marka loo eego wadamada kale ee saamaynta sare leh. Dawladaha xuduudka la leh Gacanka Mexico waxay u nugul yihiin duufaanno, inta badan duufaannada dunidu waxay ka dhacaan waddanka, gaar ahaan Tornado Alley. Isbeddelka cimilada ee dalka awgeed, cimilo aad u daran ayaa Maraykanka ku soo badanaysay qarniga 21aad, iyada oo saddex jeer tirada mowjadaha kulaylka la sheegay marka la barbardhigo 1960-kii. Tan iyo 1990-meeyadii, abaarihii ka dhacay Koonfur-galbeed ee Ameerika waxay noqdeen kuwo joogto ah oo aad u daran. Gobollada loo arko inay yihiin kuwa ugu soo jiidashada badan dadka ayaa ah kuwa ugu nugul. ===Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha iyo ilaalinta=== [[File:Bald eagle about to fly in Alaska (2016).jpg|thumb|Gorgorka bidaarta leh, astaanta qaranka ee Maraykanka ilaa 1782 oo si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay shimbirta qaranka 2024]] Maraykanku waa mid ka mid ah 17 waddan oo megadiverse ah oo ay ku jiraan tiro badan oo noocyo kala duwan ah: qiyaastii 17,000 oo nooc oo dhirta xididdada ah ayaa ka dhaca Maraykanka iyo Alaska, iyo in ka badan 1,800 nooc oo dhirta ubaxa ah ayaa laga helaa Hawaii, kuwaas oo qaar ka mid ah ay ka dhacaan dhul weynaha. Maraykanku wuxuu hoy u yahay 428 noocyada naasleyda, 784 shimbiraha, 311 xamaarato, 295 amphibian, iyo agagaarka 91,000 noocyada cayayaanka. Waxaa jira 63 seerooyin qaran, iyo boqolaal taallooyin kale oo federaaligu maareeyo, kaymo, iyo meelo cidla ah, oo ay maamulaan Adeegga seeraha Qaranka iyo wakaalado kale. Qiyaastii 28% dhulka dalka waa mid si guud loo leeyahay oo federaalku maareeyo, ugu horrayn gobollada Galbeedka. Dhulkan intiisa badan waa la ilaaliyaa, inkastoo qaarkood loo kireeyay ganacsi ahaan, wax ka yar boqolkiiba hal ayaa loo isticmaalaa arrimo ciidan. Arrimaha deegaanka ee Maraykanka waxaa ka mid ah doodaha ku saabsan kheyraadka aan la cusboonaysiin karin iyo tamarta nukliyeerka, wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, kala duwanaanshaha noolaha, jarista iyo xaalufka, iyo isbedelka cimilada. Wakaaladda Ilaalinta Deegaanka ee Mareykanka (EPA) waa wakaalad federaal ah oo u xilsaaran wax ka qabashada inta badan arrimaha deegaanka la xiriira. Fikradda cidlada ayaa qaabaysay maaraynta dhulalka danta guud tan iyo 1964, iyada oo la raacayo sharciga duurjoogta. Sharciga Noocyada dabar go'aya ee 1973 wuxuu bixiyaa hab lagu ilaaliyo noocyada halista ah iyo kuwa dabar go'aya iyo deegaanadooda. Adeegga Kalluunka iyo Duurjoogta Mareykanka ayaa dhaqangeliya oo dhaqangeliya sharciga. Sannadkii 2024, Maraykanku wuxuu galay 35th ka mid ah 180 waddan ee Tusmada Waxqabadka Deegaanka. ==Dowladda iyo siyaasadda== [[File:Capitol Washington October 2016-1.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Capitol, oo ah xarunta dawladda sharci-dejinta, waxay ku yaalaan labada aqal ee Congress-ka.]] [[File:White House lawn (long tightly cropped).jpg|thumb|Aqalka Cad, guriga iyo goobta shaqada ee madaxweynaha, waxaa ku jira xafiisyo loogu talagalay shaqaalaha fulinta. ]] [[File:Panorama of United States Supreme Court Building at Dusk.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare waxaa ku yaalla Maxkamadda ugu sarreysa dalka. ]] Maraykanku waa jamhuuriyad federaali ah oo ka kooban 50 gobol iyo degmo caasimad federaal ah, Washinton, DC Maraykanku waxa uu sheegaa madax banaanida shan dhul oo aan la wadaagin iyo hanti jasiirado badan oo aan la degin. Waa federaalka ugu da'da weyn adduunka, iyo nidaamkiisa madaxtinimo ee dawladnimada qaranka waxaa si buuxda u qaatay ama qayb ka mid ah, dawlado badan oo madaxbannaan oo cusub oo adduunka ah ka dib markii ay ka baxeen gumaysigii. Dastuurka Maraykanku waxa uu u adeegaa sida dukumeentiga sharci ee ugu sarreeya dalka. Culumada intooda badani waxay ku tilmaamaan Maraykanka inuu yahay dimoqraadiyad xor ah. ===Dawlad qaran=== Waxay ka kooban tahay saddex laamood, oo dhammaan xaruntooda tahay Washington, DC, dawladda federaalku waa dawladda qaranka ee Maraykanka. Dastuurka dejiyaa kala qaybinta awoodaha loogu talagalay in lagu ilaaliyo nidaamka hubinta iyo calaamada si looga ilaaliyo mid ka mid ah qoraal waaxood inay qayb kuwa ugu sare. Congress -ka waa sharci-dejin laba aqal ah oo ka kooban Guurtida iyo Wakiilada. Golaha guurtidu waxa uu leeyahay 100 calaamad - laba degane oo ka socda gobol kasta oo ay kala soo baxayaan codbixiyayaasha gobolkaas, sano ah. Golaha Wakiiladu waxa uu ka kooban yahay 435, kuwaas oo ay ka soo doorteen joojinta laba sano ah oo ay dooranayeen golaha wakiil ee ay degan yihiin. Sharci-dejinta gobolka ayaa go'aamiya xuduudaha degmada, kuwaas oo ku xiran gobolka. Degmo kasta oo congress-ka waxaa jira dad u dhigma oo waxay u soo dirtaa hal wakiil Koongareeska. Sanadaha doorashada ee senate-ka waa la is daba-mariyaa si saddex-meelood meel oo keliya ay u dhacdo doorashada labadii sanaba mar. Wakiilada Maraykanka dhamaantood waxay u diyaar garoobayaan doorasho isku mar labadii sanaba mar. Koongarayska Maraykanku wuxuu dejiyaa sharci federaal ah, wuxuu ku dhawaaqaa dagaal, wuxuu oggolaadaa heshiisyada, wuxuu leeyahay awoodda boorsada, wuxuuna leeyahay awoodda xukunka. Mid ka mid ah hawlihiisa ugu horreeya ee aan ahayn sharci-dejinta waa awoodda baaritaanka iyo kormeerka laanta fulinta. Kormeerka Koongareeska waxaa badanaa loo wakiishay guddiyo waxaana fududeeyay awoodda Congresska si uu u soo saaro amar maxkamadeed. Inta badan shaqada Congress-ka waxaa fuliya guddiyo la ururiyey, oo mid walba loo magacaabay ujeedo ama hawl gaar ah. Xubinnimada guddigu waa dhaqan iyo xeer laba dhinac. [[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Mareykanka Donald Trump]] [[File:January 2025 Official Vice Presidential Portrait of JD Vance.jpg|thumb|JD Vance Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Maraykanka]] Madaxweynaha Mareykanka waa madaxa qaranka, taliyaha guud ee ciidamada, madaxa fulinta ee dowladda federaalka, wuxuuna awood u leeyahay inuu diido hindise sharciyeedka Congress-ka Mareykanka ka hor intaysan noqon sharci. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, diidmada qayaxan ee madaxweynaha waxa burin kara saddex-meelood laba meel cod aqlabiyadda labada gole ee Congress-ka. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu magacaabayaa xubnaha Golaha Wasiirada, iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay ansixinta Senate-ka, wuxuuna magacaabayaa mas'uuliyiin kale oo maamula oo hirgeliya sharciga iyo siyaasadda federaalka iyagoo adeegsanaya hay'adahooda. Madaxweynuhu waxa kale oo uu awood u leeyahay in uu cafiyo dambiyada federaalka oo uu soo saari karo cafis. Ugu dambayntii, madaxwaynuhu waxa uu xaq u leeyahay in uu soo saaro " awaamiir fulineed " oo ballaadhan, oo ku xidhan dib-u-eegis garsoor, dhinacyo badan oo siyaasadeed. Musharaxiinta u tartameysa xilka madaxweynaha ayaa la ololeynaya musharaxa madaxweyne ku xigeenka. Labada musharraxba waa la wada doortaa, ama waa laga wada guulaystaa, doorashada madaxweynaha. Si ka duwan codadka kale ee siyaasadda Mareykanka, tani farsamo ahaan waa doorasho dadban oo cidda ku guuleysata ay go'aamin doonto Kulliyada Doorashada Mareykanka. Halkaa, waxaa si rasmi ah codadka u dhiibanaya shakhsiyaadka dooranaya ee ay soo xuleen sharci-dejinta gobolkooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid kasta oo ka mid ah 50-ka gobol ayaa dooranaya koox doorasho madaxweyne kuwaas oo looga baahan yahay sharciga gobolka si ay u xaqiijiyaan ku guuleystaha codka dadweynaha ee gobolkooda. Gobol kasta waxa loo qoondeeyay laba doorasho oo lagu daray hal cod-bixiye oo dheeraad ah degmo kasta oo golaha congress-ka ah ee gobolka, taas oo dhaqan ahaan isu geynaysa in ay la siman tahay tirada saraakiisha la soo doortay ee gobolku u soo diro Congress-ka. Degmada Columbia, oo aan lahayn wakiillo ama senatar, waxaa loo qoondeeyay saddex cod oo doorasho ah. Madaxweynaha iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka labaduba waxay shaqeeyaan muddo afar sano ah, waxaana madaxweynaha dib loogu dooran karaa xafiiska hal mar oo keliya, hal xilli oo dheeraad ah oo afar sano ah. Garsoorka federaalka ee Maraykanka, kuwaas oo garsoorayaashoodu ay dhammaantood magacaabeen inta ay nool yihiin madaxwaynuhu marka uu oggolaado Senate-ka, waxay ka kooban yihiin Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanka Maxkamadaha rafcaanka ee Maraykanka, iyo maxkamadaha degmooyinka Maraykanka. Heerka ugu hooseeya ee garsoorka federaalka waa maxkamadda degmada federaalka, taas oo go'aamisa dhammaan kiisaska loo arko inay hoos yimaadaan " xukun asalka ah ", sida qawaaniinta federaalka, sharciga dastuurka, ama heshiisyada caalamiga ah. Ka dib marka maxkamada degmada federaalku ay go'aan ka gaadho kiis, go'aankeeda waa laga doodi karaa waxaana loo diri karaa maxkamad sare, maxkamad federaali ah oo rafcaan ah. Nidaamka garsoorka Mareykanka 12- ka wareeg ee federaalku wuxuu dalka u qaybiyaa gobollo maamul oo gaar ah si loo gaaro go'aannada racfaanka. Maxkamadda ku xigta uguna sarraysa nidaamka waa Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanka. Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanku waxay fasirtaa sharciyada oo waxay burisaa kuwa ay u aragto inay yihiin kuwo aan dastuuri ahayn. Celcelis ahaan, Maxkamadda Sare waxay heshaa qiyaastii 7,000 oo codsiyo rafcaan ah oo loogu talagalay qoraallada caddaynta sannad kasta, laakiin kaliya waxay bixisaa ku saabsan 80. oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood oo uu hoggaaminayo Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanka, maxkamaddu waxay ku xukuntay kiis kasta oo hor yaal go'aan aqlabiyad ah. Sida dhammaan garsoorayaasha kale ee federaalka, xubnaha waxaa magacaabaya inta ay nool yihiin madaxweynaha fadhiya oo ansixinaya Senate-ka marka boos bannaan la helo. Nidaamka saddexda laamood waxaa loo yaqaanaa nidaamka madaxtooyada, taas oo ka duwan nidaamka baarlamaanka oo ah fulinta waa qayb ka mid ah hay'adaha sharci-dejinta. Dalal badan oo adduunka ah ayaa qaatay qodobkan dastuurkii 1789 ee Maraykanka, gaar ahaan Ameerikada ka dib. ===Qaybaha hoose=== [[File:United States (+overseas), administrative divisions - en - colored (zoom).svg|thumb|Dhulka Mareykanka waxaa ka mid ah Mareykanka Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, iyo US Virgin Islands]] Nidaamka federaaliga ah ee Maraykanka, awoodaha madaxbannaanidu waxay wadaagaan saddex heer oo dawladeed oo lagu qeexay [[Dastuur]].ka: dawladda qaranka, dawlad-goboleedyada, iyo qabiilooyinka [[Hindida]]. Maraykanku waxa kale oo uu sheegaa madax banaanida shan dhul oo si joogto ah loo degan yahay: American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, iyo US Virgin Islands. Dadka degan 50-ka gobol waxaa maamula dowlad goboleedka ay soo doorteen, iyadoo la raacayo dastuurka dowlad goboleedyada waafaqsan dastuurka qaranka, iyo dowladaha hoose ee la soo doortay kuwaas oo ah qeybaha maamul ee dowlad goboleedyada. Dawladuhu waxay u kala qaybsan yihiin degmooyin ama gobol u dhigma, iyo (marka laga reebo Hawaii) oo loo sii kala qaybiyo degmooyin, mid kasta oo ay maamusho wakiillo la soo doortay. Degmada Columbia waa degmo federaali ah oo ka kooban caasimadda Mareykanka, Washington, DC Degmada federaalku waa qayb maamul oo ka tirsan dowladda federaalka. [[File:Indian Reservations.png|thumb|Khariidadda 326 boos celin Hindi ah oo ku taal Maraykanka; 231 qabiil oo la aqoonsan yahay Alaska lama tuso. ]] Dalka Hindiya waxa uu ka kooban yahay 574 qabiil oo federaalku aqoonsan yahay iyo 326 Hindi ah. Waxay dawlad iyo dawlad la leeyihiin dawladda Maraykanka ee Maraykanka sida sharci ah loogu sharraxay inay wadamo ku tiirsan yihiin oo leh xuquuqda madax-banaani qabiil oo asal ah. Marka laga soo tago shanta dhul ee calaamadaha, waxa uu sidoo kale sheegaa madax-banaanida Jaziiradaha Yaryar ee ka baxsan Maraykanka ee Badweynta Baasifigga iyo Kariibiyaanka. Todobada meeshaood ee aan muranku ku jirin ee aan lahayn dad joogto ah waa Baker Island, Island Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, iyo Palmyra Atoll. Madaxbanaanida Maraykanka ee dadka aan la noolaynBajo Nuevo Bank, Navassa Island, Serranilla Bank, iyo Wake Island waa la isku haystaa. ===Xisbiyada siyaasadda=== [[File:US state Legislature and Governor Control.svg|thumb|Gobolada iyo dhulalka ee ay gacanta ku hayso qolo qolo, laga bilaabo Febraayo 2025]] Dastuurku wuu ka aamusan yahay xisbiyada siyaasadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay si madax-banaan u horumareen qarnigii 18-aad iyaga oo wata xisbiyadii Federaalka iyo Federaal-diidka. Tan iyo markaas, Maraykanku wuxuu u shaqeynayay nidaam laba xisbi oo dhab ah, in kasta oo axsaabtu ay isbeddeleen waqti ka dib. Tan iyo bartamihii qarnigii 19-aad, labada xisbi qaran ee ugu waaweyn waxay ahaayeen Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga iyo Jamhuuriga. Midda hore ayaa barnaamijkeeda siyaasadeed loo arkaa mid aad u furfuran halka kan dambena loo arko inuu yahay mid muxaafid ah barnaamijkiisa. ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:67º Período de Sesiones de la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas (8020913157).jpg|thumb|Xarunta [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. waxay ku taal hareeraha Wabiga Bari ee Midtown Manhattan ilaa 1952; 1945, Maraykanku wuxuu ahaa xubin aasaasi ah oo ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay ]] Madaxweynaha ayaa ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Mareykanka, waxaana uu magacaabayaa hogaamiyayaasheeda, xoghayaha difaaca iyo taliyayaasha isku dhafka ciidamada. Waaxda Difaaca, oo xarunteedu tahay Pentagon-ka oo u dhow Washington, DC, ayaa maamusha shan ka mid ah lixda laamood ee adeegga, kuwaas oo ka kooban Ciidanka Maraykanka, Marine Corps, Badda, Ciidanka Cirka iyo Hawada Sare. Ilaalada Xeebaha waxaa maamusha Waaxda Amniga Gudaha wakhtiga nabada waxaana loo wareejin karaa Waaxda Ciidanka Badda wakhtiga dagaalka. Maraykanku waxa uu ku kharash gareeyay 997 bilyan oo dollar ciidankiisa 2024, taas oo ilaa hadda ah tirada ugu badan ee waddan kasta, taas oo ka dhigan 37% kharashaadka milatariga adduunka oo dhan 3. 4% GDP-ga dalka. Maraykanku waxa uu haystaa 42% hubka nukliyeerka adduunka - kaydka labaad ee ugu weyn ka dib [[Ruushka]]. The U. S. military is widely regarded as the most powerful and advanced in the world. Maraykanka waxa uu haystaa ciidamada sadexaad ee ugu weyn isku dhafka ciidamada aduunka, waxaana ka dambeeya ciidamada xoreynta shacabka Shiinaha iyo ciidamada qalabka sida ee [[Hindiya]]. Milatariga Maraykanku waxa uu ka shaqeeyaa ilaa 800 saldhig iyo tas-hiilaad dibadda ah, waxana uu ilaaliyaa in ka badan 100 shaqaale hawl-wadeen ah oo ku sugan dalalka 25 ee ajnabiga ah. Maraykanku wuxuu ku hawlanaa in ka badan 400 faragelin milatari tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1776, iyada oo in ka badan kala badh kuwan ay dhaceen intii u dhaxaysay 1950 iyo 2019 iyo 25% oo dhacay xilligii Dagaalkii Qabow ee ka dambeeyay. Ciidamada Difaaca Dawlad-goboleedka (SDFs) waa unugyo ciidan oo ku shaqeeya awoodda keliya ee dawlad-goboleedka. SDF-yada waxaa ogol sharciga gobolka iyo federaalka laakiin waxay hoos yimaadaan amarka gudoomiyaha gobolka. Taa beddelkeeda, cutubyada Ilaalada Qaranka ee dawlad-goboleedku waxay hoos yimaadaan laba qaybood oo kala ah dawladaha gobolka iyo federaalka; Unugyada noocaan ah waxay sidoo kale noqon karaan hay'ado federaal ah, laakiin SDF-yada lama federaalayn karo. Shaqaalaha Ilaalada Qaranka ee dawlad-goboleedka waxaa federaalayn kara madaxweynaha iyada oo la raacayo Xeerka Difaaca Qaranka Waxka bedelka 1933, kaas oo abuuray Ilaalada oo bixisa isku dhafka Ciidanka Qaranka iyo Unugyada Ilaalada Hawada Qaranka iyo shaqaalaha Ciidanka Maraykanka iyo (tan iyo 1947) Ciidanka Cirka ee Maraykanka. ===Milatari=== [[File:Aerial view of the Pentagon, Arlington, VA (38285035892).jpg|thumb|Pentagon -ka oo ah xarunta ugu weyn Wasaaradda Difaaca ee Mareykanka oo ku taal degmada Arlington ee gobolka Virginia, waa mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha xafiisyada ugu weyn adduunka oo leh in ka badan 6. 5 milyan cagood oo laba jibbaaran (600,000 m 2 ) oo dhul bannaan ah]] Pentagon -ka oo ah xarunta ugu weyn Wasaaradda Difaaca ee Mareykanka oo ku taal degmada Arlington ee gobolka Virginia, waa mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha xafiisyada ugu weyn adduunka oo leh in ka badan 6. 5 milyan cagood oo laba jibbaaran (600,000 m 2 ) oo dhul bannaan ah. Madaxweynaha ayaa ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Mareykanka, waxaana uu magacaabayaa hogaamiyayaasheeda, xoghayaha difaaca iyo taliyayaasha isku dhafka ciidamada. Waaxda Difaaca, oo xarunteedu tahay Pentagon-ka oo u dhow Washington, DC, ayaa maamusha shan ka mid ah lixda laamood ee adeegga, kuwaas oo ka kooban Ciidanka Maraykanka, Marine Corps, Badda, Ciidanka Cirka iyo Hawada Sare. Ilaalada Xeebaha waxaa maamusha Waaxda Amniga Gudaha wakhtiga nabada waxaana loo wareejin karaa Waaxda Ciidanka Badda wakhtiga dagaalka. Maraykanku waxa uu ku kharash gareeyay 997 bilyan oo dollar ciidankiisa 2024, taas oo ilaa hadda ah tirada ugu badan ee waddan kasta, taas oo ka dhigan 37% kharashaadka milatariga adduunka oo dhan 3. 4% GDP-ga dalka. Maraykanku waxa uu haystaa 42% hubka nukliyeerka adduunka - kaydka labaad ee ugu weyn ka dib Ruushka. The U. S. military is widely regarded as the most powerful and advanced in the world. Maraykanka waxa uu haystaa ciidamada sadexaad ee ugu weyn isku dhafka ciidamada aduunka, waxaana ka dambeeya ciidamada xoreynta shacabka Shiinaha iyo ciidamada qalabka sida ee Hindiya. Milatariga Maraykanku waxa uu ka shaqeeyaa ilaa 800 saldhig iyo tas-hiilaad dibadda ah, waxana uu ilaaliyaa in ka badan 100 shaqaale hawl-wadeen ah oo ku sugan dalalka 25 ee ajnabiga ah. Maraykanku wuxuu ku hawlanaa in ka badan 400 faragelin milatari tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1776, iyada oo in ka badan kala badh kuwan ay dhaceen intii u dhaxaysay 1950 iyo 2019 iyo 25% oo dhacay xilligii Dagaalkii Qabow ee ka dambeeyay. Ciidamada Difaaca Dawlad-goboleedka (SDFs) waa unugyo ciidan oo ku shaqeeya awoodda keliya ee dawlad-goboleedka. SDF-yada waxaa ogol sharciga gobolka iyo federaalka laakiin waxay hoos yimaadaan amarka gudoomiyaha gobolka. Taa beddelkeeda, cutubyada Ilaalada Qaranka ee dawlad-goboleedku waxay hoos yimaadaan laba qaybood oo kala ah dawladaha gobolka iyo federaalka; Unugyada noocaan ah waxay sidoo kale noqon karaan hay'ado federaal ah, laakiin SDF-yada lama federaalayn karo. Shaqaalaha Ilaalada Qaranka ee dawlad-goboleedka waxaa federaalayn kara madaxweynaha iyada oo la raacayo Xeerka Difaaca Qaranka Waxka bedelka 1933, kaas oo abuuray Ilaalada oo bixisa isku dhafka Ciidanka Qaranka iyo Unugyada Ilaalada Hawada Qaranka iyo shaqaalaha Ciidanka Maraykanka iyo (tan iyo 1947) Ciidanka Cirka ee Maraykanka. ===Dhaqangelinta sharciga iyo cadaaladda dembiyada=== Waxaa jira ilaa 18,000 oo hay'ado booliis Mareykan ah oo ka socda heer deegaan ilaa heer qaran qaran Mareykanka. maskaxda Mareykanka waxaa inta badan dhaqan geliya waaxyaha booliska ee deegaanka iyo waxa shariifyada ee degmadooda ama maamulkooda. Waaxyaha booliiska gobolku waxay awood ku leeyihiin gobolkooda, hay'adaha xafiisyada sida Xafiiska Baarista pdf (FBI) iyo Adeegga Marshals-ka Mareykanka waxay leeyihiin awood heer qaran ah iyo baahiyo gaar ah, sida ilaalinta madaniga ah, amniga qaranka, xukunnada maxkamadaha Maxkamadaha Mareykanka iyo xayiraadaha, iyo fal-dembiyeedka gobolka. Maxkamadaha gobolku waxay qabatoobeen ku dhawaaddhammaan maxkamadaha madaniga iyo dembiyada, halka maxkamadaha feederaalku ay xukumaan tirada tirada u yar ee maxaabiista iyo dembiyada ee la xidhiidha xadhig. Ma jiru "nidaamka kulanka dembiyada" midaysan ee Maraykanka. Nidaamka Qabyada waa mid aad u kala duwan, oo leh kumanaan nidaamyo madax bannaan oo ka shaqeeya guud ahaan heer federaal, gobol, degaan, iyo qabiil. 2025, "nidaamyadani waxay hayaan ku dhawaad ​​2 milyan oo qof oo ku jira 1,566 qabsiyada gobolka, 98 qabyada maxaabiista, 3,116 qabyada filimka ah, 1,277 shaqada asluubta dhalinyarada, 133, 133, iyo 80 qabyada dalka Hindiya, iyo 80 qabsashada dalka Hindiya, iyo 80 qabsashada dalka Hindiya, iyo 80 qabsashada dalka Hindiya, iyo sidoo kale xabsiyada militariga, isbitaalada dhimirka Mareykanka. " In kasta oo ay jiraan nidaamyo kala duwan oo xarig ah, afar hay'adood oo waaweyn ayaa ka taliya: qabyada, qabyada gobolka, qabyada dhufeys, iyo ciidamada asluubta dhalinyarada Xabsiyada, waxaa maamula Xafiiska pdf ee Xabsiyada, waxaana sidoo kale lagu helay dambiyada maxkamada. Xabsiyada gobolka, oo ay u suurtagelinayaan in sixitaanka ee gobol kasta, ayaa lagu qabtaa dadka lagu shaabadeeyey iyo sharraxaadda (inta badan in ka badan hal sano) dambiyada culus. Xabsiyada Gaadiidka ahi waa degmada ama degmada ee xidha eedaysanayaasha ka hor maxkamadaynta; sidoo kale qabatinka kuwa ku jira jumlado gaagaaban (sida caadiga ah hal sano ka yar). Xarumaha sixitaanka ee dhallaanka waxaa maamula hoosaadka hoose ama dawlad-goboleedka u burburay meelayn sare ah mid kasta oo ka mid ah maxaabiista dembi-darro oo uu amray garsooruhu in la xidho. Bishii Janaayo 2023, Marey wuxuu lahaa heerka fasalka ee ugu sarreeya heerka fasalka qofkiiba diilinta - 531 qof 100,000 qofba - iyo xaqiiqda ugu weyn iyadoo, in ka badan 1. 9 milyan oo qof lagu xiray. Falanqaynta Xogta Dhimashada ee Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka ee laga soo bilaabo 2010 ayaa heerka heerka Maraykanka "waxa 7 jeer ka hora muuqalka kale ee sarregoodu sarreeyo, oo ay u horseeday heerka dilka qoriga kaas oo 25 jeer ka sarreeya". ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:US one dollar bill, obverse, series 2009.jpg|thumb|Doolarka Maraykanka waa [[lacagta]]. loogu isticmaalka badan yahay wax kala iibsiga caalamiga ah iyo lacagta kaydka ah ee ugu horraysa. ]] Maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay dhaqaale isku dhafan oo aad u horumarsan kaas oo magac ahaan ahaa kan adduunka ugu weyn ilaa 1890kii. Wax-soo-saarka guud ee gudaha 2024 (GDP) in ka badan $29 trillion wuxuu ka kooban yahay 25% wax soo saarka dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah, ama 15% ee sinnaanta awoodda wax iibsiga (PPP). Laga soo bilaabo 1983 ilaa 2008, kobaca GDP ee dhabta ah ee Maraykanku wuxuu ahaa 3. 3%, marka la barbar dhigo celceliska miisaanka 2. 3% inta ka hartay G7. Waddanku wuxuu ku jiraa kaalinta koowaad ee adduunka GDP magac ahaan, labaad marka lagu hagaajiyo sinnaanta awoodda wax iibsiga (PPP), iyo sagaalaad by PPP-ku hagaajin GDP per capita. Bishii Febraayo 2024, wadarta guud ee deynta dawladda dhexe ee Mareykanka waxay ahayd $34. 4 tiriliyan. [[File:The New York City Skyline at Dusk.jpg|thumb|Magaalada New York waa xarunta dhaqaalaha ugu weyn aduunka, aaggeeda magaalo weyna waa dhaqaalaha aduunka ugu weyn. ]] 500-ka-soo-saarka ee sawirada calaamadaha, 136 waxay xaruntoodu ahayd Maraykanka 2023, taas oo ah tirada ugu badan ee waddan kasta. Doolarka Maraykanka waa lacagta ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo wax kala iibsiga caalamiga ah iyo lacagta kaydka ah ee aduunka ugu horeeya, oo ay taageerto dhaqaalaha ugu badan ee dalka, ciidankeeda, nidaamka petrodollarka, suuqa khasnadaha Maraykanka ee wayn, iyo isku xidhka eurodollar. Dhowr waddan ayaa u isticmaala sidii lacagtooda rasmiga ah, kuwa kalena waa lacagta dhabta ah. Maraykanku waxa uu heshiisyo ganacsi oo xor ah la leeyahay dhawr waddan, oo ay ku jiraan USMCA. In kasta oo Maraykanku uu gaadhey heerkii warshadaha ka dambeeyey ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha oo inta badan lagu tilmaamo in uu leeyahay dhaqaale adeeg, haddana waxa uu ahaanayaa awoodda warshadaha ee weyn; sanadka 2021, waaxda wax soo saarka ee Maraykanku waxa ay ahayd tan labaad ee ugu wayn aduunka kadib Shiinaha. Magaalada New York waa xarunta,ee ugu weyn aduunka, iyo aageedda magaaladu waa dhaqaalaha aduunka ugu weyn. New York Stock Exchange iyo Nasdaq, Ciyaar waxay ku yaalliin magaalada New York, waa labada is-ingaagga adeegga adduunka ugu weyn iyo la ciyaaray suuq-geynta suuqa iyo mugga ganacsiga. Booska safka hore kaga jiraa horumarinta tignoolajiyada iyo hal-abuurnimada dhinacyo badan oo dhaqaale, gaar ahaan sirdoonka macmal; qalab elektarooniga ah iyo ko calaamadada; dawooyinka; iyo qalabka caafimaadka, hawada iyo ciidamada. Dhaqaalaha dalka waxa lagu shubaa kheyraad dhaqdhaqaaq ah oo aad u badan, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo horumarsan iyo wax soo saar sare. Wada -hawlgalayaasha ganacsi ee ugu weyn Mareykanka waa Midowga Yurub, Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, United Kingdom, Vietnam, India, iyo Taiwan. Booska waa soo xamuul iyo dhoofinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka. Ilaa hadda waa dhoofinta ugu weyn adduunka ee shaqada. Dadka waxa ay leeyihiin celceliska qoyska ugu sarreeya iyo dakhliga xubnaha ee qaybaha ka ah OECD, iyo dakhliga dhexe ee afraad ee ugu sarreeya ee 2023, ilaa caafimaadka ee ugu sarreeya 2013. Suuqa ganacsiga. Mareykanka ayaa muujinaya ka galay tirada bilaha ah ee dollarka ah iyo milyaneerrada 2023, oo leh 735 bilayseer iyo ku dhawaad ​​​​22 milyaneer. Hantida Maraykanka ayaa ah mid aad u urursan; Sanadkii 2011, dadka ugu qanisan 10% dadka qaangaarka ah waxay leeyihiin 72% hantida qoyska ee dalka, halka 50% ugu qanisan ay leeyihiin kaliya 2%. Sinnaan la'aanta Mary ayaa aad u habboon tan iyo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, iyo sinnaan la'aanta dakhliga Mareykanka ayaa gaadhay heerkii ugu sarreeyay 2019. Sannadkii 2024, waddanku waxa uu lahaa qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya waxsoosaarka iyo sinnaan la'aanta kaydka OECD. Tan iyo 1970-meeyadii, waxaa jiray kala goynta faa'iidooyinka ilaalinta US ee wax soo saarka beeraha. Xididka 2016, shanaad ee ugu sarreeya ee dadka qaata guriga qaadashada in ka badan kala badh dhammaan dakhliga, xidhiidhinta US mid ka mid ah lacagta ugu badan ee loo qaybiyo qaybaha OECD. Waxaa jiray ilaa 771,480 qof oo guri la'aan ah gudaha Mareykanka sanadkii 2024. Sanadkii 2022, 6. 4 milyan oo caruur ah ayaa la kulmay haqab-beel cunto. Quudinta Ameerika waxay ku qiyaastay in shantiiba mid, ama ku dhawaad ​​13 milyan, carruurtu ay gaajo la kulmaan gudaha U.S. Sidoo kale sanadka 2022, ilaa 37. 9 milyan oo qof, ama 11. 5% dadweynaha Mareykanka, ayaa ku noolaa faqri. Maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay gobolka daryeelka ee ka yar waxana uu u qaybiyaa dakhli ka yar ficilka dawlada marka loo eego inta badan wadamada kale ee dakhligoodu sarreeyo. Waa dhaqaalaha kaliya ee horumaray ee aan dammaanad qaadin shaqaalaheedu inay qaataan fasax qaran ahaan iyo mid ka mid ah dhawr waddan oo adduunka ah oo aan lahayn fasax qoys oo federaal ah sidi xuquuq sharci ah. Maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay boqolkiiba boqol ka badan ee shaqaalaha dakhligoodu yar yahay, marka loo eego ku dhawaad ​​waddan kasta oo horumaray, sababta oo ah nidaamka gorgortanka wadajirka ah ee daciifka ah iyo la'aanta taageerada dawladda ee shaqaalaha khatarta ku jira. ===Sayniska iyo farsamada=== Maraykanku waxa uu hormuud u ahaa hal-abuurnimada tignoolajiyada ilaa dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad iyo cilmi-baadhisyo saynis ilaa badhtamihii qarnigii 20-aad. Hababka loo soo saaro qaybo la isweydaarsan karo iyo samaynta warshadaynta qalabka mishiinada ayaa awood u siisay wax soo saarka baaxadda wayn ee alaabta macaamiisha Maraykanka dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad. Horraantii qarnigii 20aad, koronto-siinta warshadda, soo bandhigida khadka isku xirka, iyo farsamooyinka kale ee badbaadinta shaqada ayaa abuuray nidaamka wax soo saarka ballaaran [[File:Aerial view of Silicon Valley.jpg|thumb|Dooxada Silicon Valley ee California waa tan ugu weyn uguna horraysa tignoolajiyada iyo xarunta hal-abuurka ee adduunka. ]] Qarnigii 21-aad, waxa uu sii ahaanayaa mid ka mid ah awoodaha iibinta ee ugu filimka, in kasta oo Shiinaha uu u soo baxay tartan weyn oo dhinacyo badan leh. waxa uu leeyahay casho cilmi-, iyo heerarka sare ee waddan kasta inta ku jira kaalinta sagaalaad ee GDP. Xiddiga 2022, xiddiga 2021, Maktabadda wuxuu galay kaalinta labaad (sidoo kale Shiinaha ka dib) tirada tix patent-ka, iyo calaamadaha suuqyada iyo iibinta isticmaalka (ka dib Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka), sida laga soo xigtay Tilmaamayaasha Hantida Aqoonta Adduunka. 2023 iyo 2024, waxa galay kaalinta ugu sareysa (ka dib Switzerland iyo Sweden) ee Tusaha Hal-abuurka Caalamiga ah. Maraykanka ayaa lagu tiriyaa inuu yahay dalka hormuudka ka ah fiigaan tignoolajiyada macmal. calanka 2023, waxa uu galay kaalinta labaad ee tign. ===Duulimaadka hawada sare=== [[File:A Man on the Moon, AS11-40-5903 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Astronauts Buzz Aldrin iyo Neil Armstrong (oo lagu arkay muuqaal muuqaal ah) intii lagu jiray howlgalkii 1969 Apollo 11, markii ugu horreysay ee uu soo degay Dayax. Mareykanka ayaa ah dalka kaliya ee bini’aadamka dul dhigay dayaxa. ]] Maraykanku waxa uu sii waday barnaamijka hawada sare ilaa dabayaaqadii 1950-meeyadii, laga bilaabo aasaaskii National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) ee 1958. waxay ahaanaysaa mid ka mid ah marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee wakaalada. Dadaalka kale ee waaweyn ee NASA waxaa ka mid ah barnaamijka Space Shuttle (1981-2011), barnaamijka Voyager (1972-present), telescopes-ka Hubble iyo James Webb (oo la bilaabay 1990 iyo 2021, siday u kala horreeyaan), iyo Fursad, Xiisaha, iyo adkaysiga ). NASA waa mid ka mid ah shan hay'adood oo iska kaashanaya Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah (ISS); Wax ku biirinta US ee ISS waxaa ka mid ah dhowr qaybood, oo ay ku jiraan Destiny (2001), Harmony (2007), iyo Tranquility (2010), iyo sidoo kale taageerada saadka iyo hawlgalka ee socota. Qaybta gaarka ah ee Maraykanka ayaa xukuma warshadaha duulimaadka hawada sare ee ganacsiga caalamiga ah. Qandaraaslayaasha duulista hawada sare ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Blue Origin, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, iyo SpaceX. Barnaamijyada NASA sida Barnaamijka Shaqaalaha Ganacsiga, Adeegyada Soo-celinta Ganacsiga, Adeegyada Mushaarka Dayaxa ee Ganacsiga, iyo NextSTEP waxay fududeeyeen ka qaybgalka qaybaha gaarka ah ee duulimaadka hawada sare ee Maraykanka. ===Tamarta=== xurmada 2023, waxa uu ka helay ku dhawaad ​​​​84% tamartiisa hore fosil, isha ugu weyn ee tamartuna waxa ay ahayd batroolka (38%), waxa ku xigay gaasta dabiiciga ah (36%), ilaha la cusboonaysiin karo (9%), dhuxusha (9%), iyo tamarta nukliyeerka (9%). Sannadkii 2022, Maraykanku waxa uu ka kooban yahay 4% dadka adduunka, laakiin waxa ay isticmaaleen ku dhawaad ​​16% tamarta adduunka. Maraykanku waxa uu ku jiraa kaalinta labaad ee ugu sarraysa ee sii daaya gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee Shiinaha ka dambeeya. Maraykanku waa soosaaraha ugu weyn adduunka ee tamarta nukliyeerka, isaga oo soo saara ku dhawaad ​​30% tamarta nukliyeerka adduunka. Waxa kale oo ay leedahay tirada ugu badan ee tamarta nukliyeerka ee waddan kasta. Laga bilaabo 2024, Maraykanku wuxuu qorsheynayaa inuu saddex jibaaro awooddiisa nukliyeerka marka la gaaro 2050. ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:45intoI-10 2.jpg|thumb|Isweydaarsiga u dhexeeya Interstate 10 iyo Interstate 45 gudaha Houston, Texas]] 4 milyan oo mayl (6. 4 milyan oo kiiloomitir) isku xidhka xidhidh, oo ay wada leeyihiin dhawaad ​​ku dhawaad ​​dhaammaan dowlad dawladeed iyo dawladaha hoose, waa tan ugu dheer adduunka. Nidaamka Waddooyinka Gobolka ee diid ee isku xira dhammaan waxa kale oo ay muujinayaan inta badan xaddidan laakiin waxaa socda waaxyaha safarka ee gobolka, oo lagu kabo waddooyinka gobolka iyo qaar ka mid ah wadooyinka gaarka loo leeyahay. fasalka waxa uu ka mid yahay tobanka waddan ugu sarreeya ee leh lahaanshaha ugu sarreeya qofkiiba (850 baabuur 1,000 qof) sanadka 2022. shaqada la sameeyay 2022 ayaa lagu ogaaday in 76% ciqaabka Mareykanka ay keligood wadaan halka 14% ayan wataan baaskiil, oo ay ku jiraan milkiilayaasha baaskiillada oo ay isticmaalaan shabakadaha wadaaga baaskiilka. Qiyaastii 11% waxay isticmaaleen nooca ka mid ah safarka. Gaadiidka ee Maraykanka ayaa si wanaagsan u horumaray baabuurta ugu waaweyn, gaar ahaan New York City, Washington, DC, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, iyo San Francisco; Haddi kale, guul guud ahaan wuu ka yar yahay inta badan boos kale ee horumaray. qolka waxa kale oo uu leeyahay meelo badan oo baabuurta ku tiirsan. Safarka masaafo dheer ee dhexmara waxaa bixiya shirkado diyaaradeed, laakiin ku safrida tareenada ayaa aad ugu badan dhanka Waqooyi Bari Corridor, eka kaliya ee dheesha dheereeya ee Maraykankaee ekaa awooda ah. Amtrak, oo ah shirkad qaran oo ay gaaban maalgeliso tareenada, ayaa leh shabakad aad u yar marka loo eego waddammada Galbeedka Yurub. Adeeggu waxa uu ku urursan yahay Waqooyi-bari, California, Midwest, Pacific Northwest, iyo Virginia/Koonfur-bari. [[File:Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, oo u adeegaya aagga magaalada Atlanta, waa madaarka adduunka ugu mashquulka badan ee taraafikada rakaabka oo leh in ka badan 75 milyan oo rakaab ah illaa 2021]] Maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay shabakad gaadiid diyaaradeed oo ballaadhan. Duulimaadyada rayidka ee Mareykanka dhamaantood waa kuwo si gaar ah loo leeyahay. Saddexda shirkadood ee ugu waaweyn caalamka, marka la isu geeyo tirada rakaabka, waxay ku salaysan yihiin Maraykanka; American Airlines ayaa noqotay hogaamiyaha caalamiga ah ka dib markii ay ku biirtay 2013 ee US Airways 50 ka garoon diyaaradeed ee ugu mashquulka badan aduunka, 16 ka mid ah waxay ku yaalaan Maraykanka, sidoo kale 5 ka mid ah 10ka diyaaradood ee ugu sareeya Sannadkii 2022, inta badan 19,969 garoon diyaaradeed oo Maraykan ah waxaa lahaan jiray oo maamulayay maamullada dawladda hoose, waxaana sidoo kale jira garoomo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay. Qaar ka mid ah 5,193 ayaa loo qoondeeyay inay yihiin "isticmaalka dadweynaha", oo ay ku jiraan duulista guud. Maamulka Amniga Gaadiidka (TSA) ayaa ilaa 2001 ilaa 2001 sugay ammaanka inta badan garoomada diyaaradaha. Shabakadda safarka tareenada ee dalka, oo ah tan ugu dheer indhaha,oo dhan 182,412. 3 mi (293,564. 2 km), waxay gacanta ku haysaa inta badan filimka (marka la barbar dhigo tareennada beertaka badan ee Yurub. Marin-biyoodyada gudcurka waa kuwa shanaad ee ilaalinta ugu dheer, oo dhan 41,009 km (25,482 mi). Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalo dagaalka, madadaalada, iyo xaddi yar oo taraafikada ah. 50 ka dekedood ee ugu mashquulka badan ee konteenarada, afar ka mid ah waxay ku yaalaan Maraykanka, iyadoo ta ugu mashquulka Maraykanka ay tahay Dekedda Los Angeles. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka ayaa soo sheegay 331,449,281 deganeyaal ah Abriil 1, 2020, taasoo ka dhigaysa Mareykanka waddanka saddexaad ee ugu dadka badan adduunka, ka dib Shiinaha iyo Hindiya. Qiyaasta dadweynaha ee Xafiiska Tirakoobka ee 2024 ee rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 340,110,988, koror 2. 6% ah tan iyo tirakoobkii 2020. Marka loo eego Saacadda Dadweynaha Mareykanka ee Xafiiska, Luulyo 1, 2024, dadka Mareykanka waxay heleen faa'iido saafi ah oo hal qof ah 16kii ilbiriqsi kasta, ama qiyaastii 5400 qof maalintii. Sannadkii 2023, 51% dadka Maraykanka ah ee da'doodu tahay 15 iyo wixii ka weyn ayaa guursaday, 6% ayaa laga dhintay, 10% waa la furay, 34% weligood may guursan. Sannadkii 2023, wadarta heerka bacriminta ee Maraykanku wuxuu istaagay 1. 6 carruur ah haweeneydiiba, iyo, 23%, waxay lahayd heerka ugu sarreeya adduunka ee carruurta ku nool guryaha waalid kelidii ah sannadka 2019. ===Lacag=== Qaab dhismeedka bulsheed ee Maraykanku wuxuu leeyahay kala duwanaansho weyn. Tani waxay la macno tahay in dadka Maraykanka qaarkood ay aad uga qanisan yihiin kuwa kale. Celcelis ahaan ( dhexdhexaadka ) dakhliga soo gala Maraykan wuxuu ahaa $37,000 sanadkii 2002. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 1% dadka ugu qanisan Maraykanka ayaa haysta lacag la mid ah tan ugu saboolsan 90%. 51% dhammaan qoysaska waxay heli karaan kombuyuutar, 41% waxay heleen internetka sannadkii 2000, tiradaas oo kor u kacday 75% 2004. Sidoo kale, 67. 9% qoysaska Maraykanka ah ayaa leh guryahooda 2002. Waxaa jira 200 milyan oo baabuur gudaha Maraykanka, laba ka mid ah saddexdii Maraykan ah. Deynta ayaa kor u dhaaftay $21,000,000,000,000. ===Luuqad=== Ingiriisi ( Ingiriisi Maraykan ah ) waa luqadda dhabta ah ee qaranka. In kasta oo aysan jirin luqad rasmi ah oo heer federaal ah, sharciyada qaar (sida shuruudaha jinsiyadda Mareykanka ) waxay jaangooyaan Ingiriisiga. Sannadkii 2010, qiyaastii 230 milyan, ama 80% dadweynaha da'doodu tahay shan sano iyo ka weyn, waxay ku hadleen Ingiriis oo keliya guriga. Isbaanishka, oo ay ku hadlaan 12% dadka guriga jooga, waa luqadda labaad ee ugu caansan iyo luqadda labaad ee loogu badan yahay. Qaar ka mid ah dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa u ololeeya in Ingiriisiga laga dhigo luqadda rasmiga ah ee waddanka, maadaama ay tahay ugu yaraan siddeed iyo labaatan gobol. Hawaiian iyo Ingiriisi labaduba waa luqadaha rasmiga ah ee Hawaii marka loo eego sharciga gobolka. Inkastoo midkoodna uusan lahayn luqad rasmi ah, New Mexico waxay leedahay sharciyo siinaya isticmaalka Ingiriisi iyo Isbaanish labadaba, sida Louisiana u sameyso Ingiriisi iyo Faransiis. Gobollada kale, sida California, waxay amar ku bixiyaan daabacaadda noocyada Isbaanishka ee dukumentiyada dowladda qaarkood oo ay ku jiraan foomamka maxkamadda. Xukuno badan oo leh dad badan oo aan Ingiriisiga ku hadlin ayaa soo saara agabka dawladda, gaar ahaan macluumaadka codbixinta, oo ku qoran luqadaha inta badan lagaga hadlo xukunnadaas. Dhowr dhulal aan qarsooneyn ayaa siinaya aqoonsi rasmi ah afkooda hooyo, oo ay la socoto Ingiriisi: Samoan iyo Chamorro waxaa aqoonsaday American Samoa iyo Guam, siday u kala horreeyaan; Carolinian iyo Chamorro waxaa aqoonsaday Jasiiradaha Waqooyiga Mariana; Isbaanishku waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee Puerto Rico waxaana looga hadlaa Ingiriis si ka ballaaran. Afaf badan oo Maraykan ah oo ku hadla afka Maraykanka ayaa halis ku jira. ===Waxbarashada=== Inta badan gobolada, carruurta waxaa looga baahan yahay inay dhigtaan dugsiga laga bilaabo da'da lix ama toddoba (guud ahaan, kindergarten ama fasalka koowaad) ilaa ay ka gaaraan siddeed iyo toban jir (guud ahaan iyaga oo keenaya fasalka laba iyo tobnaad, dhammaadka dugsiga sare); gobolada qaarkood waxay u ogolaadaan ardayda inay dugsiga ka baxaan markay gaaraan lix iyo toban ama todoba iyo toban. Qiyaastii 12% carruurta ayaa ka diiwaangashan dugsiyada gaarka loo leeyahay ama kuwa aan diiniga ahayn. In ka badan 2% carruurta ayaa guriga wax lagu baro. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka caanka ah ee Maraykanku wuxuu u baxaa meelo badan oo adduunka ah. [ 119 ] Waxay saameyn weyn ku leedahay meelaha badankooda, gaar ahaan dunida Galbeedka. Muusigga Ameerikaanku waa meel walba, filimada Maraykanka iyo bandhigyada telefishinka ayaa laga arki karaa waddamada intooda badan. ===Calan=== [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|Calanka Mareykanka ]] Calanka Mareykanka ayaa ka kooban 50 xiddigood oo midab buluug ah leh, waxaana uu leeyahay 13 xariijimo ah, toddobo casaan ah iyo lix caddaan ah. Waa mid ka mid ah calaamadaha badan ee Maraykanka sida Gorgorka Bidaarta leh. 50-ka xiddigood waxay u taagan yihiin 50-ka gobol. Casaanku wuxuu u taagan yahay geesinnimo, buluugguna wuxuu u taagan yahay caddaalad, caddaankuna wuxuu u taagan yahay nabadda iyo nadaafadda. 13-ka xariijimo waxay ka dhigan yihiin 13kii deegaan ee asalka ahaa. ===Cunto=== Hamburgerku waa mid ka mid ah cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Maraykanka. Cuntada degdega ah ee Maraykanka waxay hoy u tahay cuntooyin badan oo gobolleed sida Cuisine ee Koonfurta Maraykanka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno cuntada koonfurta. Waxaa jira noocyo Ameerikaan ah oo Shiinees ah, Giriig, Jabbaan, Talyaani iyo Cunto Meksiko ah. Cunnada Asaliga ah ee Ameerika waa cunnada dadka asaliga ah ee Ameerikaanka ah. Cuntooyin badan oo Maraykan ah ayaa waxaa saameeya dalal badan oo adduunka ah. Cunnada Maraykanku waxay leedahay saamayn Maraykan, Ingiriis, Faransiis, Jarmal, iyo Isbaanish. Cunnada naftu waa cunto dhaqameed koonfurta Ameerikaanka ah. ===Muusiga=== Mareykanka ugu Caansan waa rock iyo roll, pop, kountry, R&B, iyo hip hop. Muusiga Asaliga ah waa muusiga wadaniga ah ee Maraykanka. Fanaaniinta Maraykanka ee noqday jilayaasha ah waxaa ka mid ah Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, iyo Madonna. [[File:Wilson opening day 1916.jpg|thumb|Ciyaaraha baseball ee Mareykanka, mararka qaarkood madaxwaynuhu wuxuu tuuraa kubbadda ugu horreysa. ]] Dhaladka Ameerikaanku waxay ciyaari jireen lacrosse ka hor intaysan [[Yurub]]. imaanin Baseball waa ciyaaraha dalka Mareykanka, kubbada cagta Mareykankana waa ciyaarta ugu badan. [[Kubadda Koleyga]]. ayaa sidoo kale aad looga jecel yahay [[dal]] Mareykanka, oo uu horyaal leeyahay horyaal u gaar ah oo lagu soo qaadanayo [[NBA]]. ===Ciyaaraha fiidiyowga=== Warshadaha [[ciyaaraha fiidyaha]]. ee cagaha waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn waddan kasta. Waa suuqa labaad ee ugu weyn ee ciyaaraha kadib Shiinaha. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ciyaaraha fiidyaha ee ugu weyn waxay ku salaysan yihiin USA, sida Take-Two Interactive, Farshaxanka Elektarooniga ah, Activision Blizzard, iyo Xbox Game Studios. ==Xog kooban== Wadanka Mareykanka wuxuu leeyahay magaalooyin waaweyn waxaana kamid ah magaalooyonkaas New York, Chicago, iyo Los Angels. <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities</ref> Caasimada wadanka waa Washington. Mareykanka waa wadan aad uweyn waan wadanka sadaxaad ee ugu weyn caalamka. Madaxweynaha Mareykanka waa Donald Trump. ==Jawiga== Cimiladda iyo Jawigga waa ku Ameerikiga sidda waqqiyagga Amerrka ee Biritish North Amerika: Earth Quakes, Fire, Ice, Snow iyo Tsunami "Florida" waalan. Maadaama oo wadanka weyn yahay, wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay jawi aad u kala duwan. Dhinaca woqooyiga mareykanka waxoo leeyahy xiliyo isbedel ah oo hawo qaboow iyo baraf oo kadhaco, Koonfurta wadanka waa kuleel oo qorax joogta ah. wadanka maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay jawiyo kalagadisan. taas macnaheedu waxa weeyaaan hadaad ka tagto gobol cimiladiisu kulushahay waxa laga yaabaa inaad gasho mid ku jirra qabaw. ==Daadka la deggan USA== * {{Flag|Kanada}} 135,000++ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}}:135,000+ * {{Flag|Spain}}:350,000++ * {{Flag|Masar}}:135,000+ * {{Flag|Qadar}}:12,00++ * {{Flag|Hindiya}}; PR Hnds 1,600,000 * {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}:10,000+ ==Beeraha iyo xayawaanaadka== Wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay geedo iyo beero kala duwan oo 17000 ka badan oo wadanka mareykanka u gaar ah. Wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay meelo badan oo xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo. Meesha ugu horeysay aduunka oo Xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo waxee eheed [[Xanaanada Xayawaanaadka|Yellowstone]], waxaa la sameeyay 1872dii, markaas kadib wadanka mareykanka waxaa laga sameeyay 57 meel oo xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo. ==Diinta== Maraykanka waxa ku nool dad ka kooban diimo badan. Inta badan dadku waa [[Masiixiyad]], laakiin dadka [[Yuhuuda]], [[Islaamka]], iyo diinta [[Hindusam]] aaminsanaansho ayaa iyaguna qayb ka ah dadweynaha. ==Xubinka tahay== *[[IMF]] *[[NATO]] *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] *[[Midowga Yurub]] *[[Kooxda Labaatanka]] *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Faransiiska]] * [[Turkiga]] * [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] * [[Ustareliya]] <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2023/4/14/how-india-will-overtake-china-to-become-the-most-populous-country</Ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Cadaymo == *[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/us/politics/trump-order-english-official-language.html "Trump Calaamadaha Amarka si loogu Magacaabo Ingiriisiga Luuqadda Rasmiga ah ee Maraykanka"] *[https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/how-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state "Aagga Biyaha ee Gobol kasta"] *[https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/04/2020-census-data-release.html "Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka ayaa Maanta Bixiya Wadarta Dadweynaha Gobolka ee Saami Qaybsiga Koongareeska"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YgVnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA344 <nowiki>Qaabaynta Waqooyiga Ameerika: Laga soo bilaabo Sahaminta ilaa Kacaanka Ameerika [3 mujallado]</nowiki>] *[https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there "Isbeddelka Cimilada ayaa ka dhigi doona qaybo ka mid ah Maraykanka kuwo aan la degi karin. Maraykanka ayaa weli u guuraya halkaas"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm "Cutubka 6: Barnaamijyada Federaalka ee lagu Horumarinayo Isticmaalka Khayraadka, Soo saarista, iyo Horumarinta"] *[https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf "Isbeddelada Isticmaalka Dhulka ee Ku lug leh Kaymaha ee Maraykanka: 1952 ilaa 1997, Iyadoo Saadaasha 2050"] *[https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)01030-X/fulltext "Heerka Dhimashada Rabshadaha: Maraykanka marka la barbar dhigo Wadamada kale ee dakhligoodu sarreeyo ee OECD, 2010"] *[https://www.bea.gov/news/2023/gross-domestic-product-fourth-quarter-and-year-2022-third-estimate-gdp-industry-and "Wax soo saarka gudaha, rubuci afaraad iyo sanadka 2022 (qiyaasta saddexaad), GDP by warshadaha, iyo faa'iidooyinka shirkadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=dRfOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA556 Muusigga Nolosha Mareykanka: Encyclopedia ee Heesaha, Qaababka, Xiddigaha, iyo Sheekooyinka qaabeeyay] *[[iarchive:blackreconstruct00duborich|Dib-u-dhiska Madow: Qormo ku wajahan taariikhda qaybta ay dadka madowga ahi ka ciyaareen isku daygii dib-u-dhiska dimuqraadiyadda Ameerika, 1860-1880]] *[https://www.espn.com/soccer/major-league-soccer/story/4082408/mls-year-one25-seasons-ago-the-wild-west-of-trainingtravelhockey-shootouts-and-american-soccer "MLS Year One, 25 xilli ka hor: Duur-galbeedka ee tababarka, safarka, toogashada xeegada iyo kubbadda cagta Mareykanka"] *[https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/ "Xaqiiqooyinka tamarta Maraykanka ayaa lagu sharaxay - isticmaalka iyo wax soo saarka - Maamulka Macluumaadka Tamarta ee US (EIA)"] *[https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?params=/context/tlr/article/2107/&path_info=11_33TulsaLJ1_1997_1998_.pdf "Casharrada laga soo qaatay Boqortooyada Saddexaad: Maxkamadaha Qabaa'ilka Hindiya"] *[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm "Dokumentiga Muhiimka ah ee Guud ee Guddiga Qaramada Midoobay ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha"] *[https://www.quora.com/Are-the-Rockefellers-still-rich-today Are The Rockefellers Still Rich Today] *[https://www.investopedia.com/updates/history-rothschild-family/ History Rothschild Family] *[https://www.newsweek.com/rothschild-family-companies-net-worth-1993369 Rothschild Family Companies Net Worth] {{Dalalka Woqooyiga Ameerika}} <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/economy/2023/3/17/pornhub-owner-mind-geek-brought-by-private-equity-firm</Ref>.::. 4ituxo44mebz3e4qjzb0uuvjw5tjrc8 0 40939 305092 303006 2026-08-13T11:34:03Z ~2026-40195-67 46556 /* */ 305092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<big><u>BEESHA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)</u></big>''' Beesha Iidle Biciide waa beel ka tirsan Habar Jeclo Gaar ahaan Muuse Abokor. Waxa ay degaan degaano ka tirsan G.Sanaag. sida Ceel-Afweyn, Bixin, Biyo dhacay, Dhabar-Dalool, Suuf-Dheere iyo Ceerigabo. Waxa kaso jeeda beesha Siyaasiyiin, Saraakiil iyo cuqaal aad uga so dhex muuqday halgankii xornimo doonka somaliland. == Deegaannada ay degaan == Beesha Iidle Biciide waxaa lagu sheegaa inay degto deegaannadan: * Bixin * Suf-dheere * Biyo-dhacay * Garuuble * Dhabar-dalool * Ceel Afweyn * Ceerigaabo ■ '''IIDLE BICIIDE...''' == Jilibyada == Beesha Iidle Biciide waxay u kala baxdaa jilibyadan: * Rooble * Saalax * Wacays * Maxamed Cabdi * Xareed * Cabdulle Cabdi ■ <code>Reer Daahir</code> ■ <code>Reer Axmed</code> ■ <code>Reer Dhunkaall</code> == Dadka caanka ah == === MUJAAHIDIINTA === ● C/laahi Saalax Oogle * Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle Nuur === SIYAASIYIINTA === ● Siyaasi Ismaaciil Faarax Maxamed (DAD-QAL) Mid kamida Aasaasayaashi xisbigii UDUB ● Siyaasi Cismaan Faarax Maxamed (Hamasholl) ● Siyaasi Axmed Siciid Maxamed (Godane) Agaasimaha Guud ee Ciyaara ● Xill-dhibaan Sahal Mire === MADAX DHAQAMEEDKA BEESHA === ● Chief Caaqil Faarax Maxamed Dhunkaall ● Cheif Caaqil Aadan cabdi ● Cheif Caaqil Cabdulle Cade ● Cheif Caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur ● Caaqil Cali Axmed Weyrax ● Caaqil maxamed ismaaciil Aadan ● Caaqil Ismaaciil Axmed Weyrax '''ODAYAASHA BEESHA''' ● Cawil Mire Rooble ● Maxamuud Faarax Maxamed (hurre) ● Cali Cismaan Faarax (Cali madoobe) ● Iiman Cabdi Cabdulle ● Aw salaad ● ismaaciil Xuseen Gabaydhe ( Baylood) ● Rashiid Faarax Maxamed ● Rashiid Gadhoodhsade '''DHALINYARADA BEESHA''' ● Axmed Aadan 《GANACSADE 》 ● Yaasiin Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》 ● Maxamed Faarax Darawal 《GANACSADE》 ● Saleeban Cabdullahi Cawed 《DR 》 ● Maxamed Faarax Cali 《DR 》 ● Axmed Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》 ● Nuux Hadhweyne 《ENGINEER 》 ● Cabdisalaan Jaamac Ciise 《DR 》 2qoguj10eirnoiczodadci3dul83rdq 305094 305092 2026-08-13T11:35:21Z ~2026-40195-67 46556 /* */ 305094 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<big><u>BEESHA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)</u></big>''' Beesha Iidle Biciide waa beel ka tirsan Habar Jeclo Gaar ahaan Muuse Abokor. Waxa ay degaan degaano ka tirsan G.Sanaag. sida Ceel-Afweyn, Bixin, Biyo dhacay, Dhabar-Dalool, Suuf-Dheere iyo Ceerigabo. Waxa kaso jeeda beesha Siyaasiyiin, Saraakiil iyo cuqaal aad uga so dhex muuqday halgankii xornimo doonka somaliland. == Deegaannada ay degaan == Beesha Iidle Biciide waxaa lagu sheegaa inay degto deegaannadan: * Bixin * Suf-dheere * Biyo-dhacay * Garuuble * Dhabar-dalool * Ceel Afweyn * Ceerigaabo ■ '''IIDLE BICIIDE...''' == Jilibyada == Beesha Iidle Biciide waxay u kala baxdaa jilibyadan: * Rooble * Saalax * Wacays * Maxamed Cabdi * Xareed * Cabdulle Cabdi ■ <code>Reer Daahir</code> ■ <code>Reer Axmed</code> ■ <code>Reer Dhunkaall</code> == Dadka caanka ah == === MUJAAHIDIINTA === ● C/laahi Saalax Oogle * Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle Nuur === SIYAASIYIINTA === ● Siyaasi Ismaaciil Faarax Maxamed (DAD-QAL) Mid kamida Aasaasayaashi xisbigii UDUB ● Siyaasi Cismaan Faarax Maxamed (Hamasholl) ● Siyaasi Axmed Siciid Maxamed (Godane) Agaasimaha Guud ee Ciyaara ● Xill-dhibaan Sahal Mire === MADAX DHAQAMEEDKA BEESHA === ● Chief Caaqil Faarax Maxamed Dhunkaall ● Cheif Caaqil Aadan cabdi ● Cheif Caaqil Cabdulle Cade ● Cheif Caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur ● Caaqil Cali Axmed Weyrax ● Caaqil maxamed ismaaciil Aadan ● Caaqil Ismaaciil Axmed Weyrax '''ODAYAASHA BEESHA''' ● Cawil Mire Rooble ● Maxamuud Faarax Maxamed (hurre) ● Cali Cismaan Faarax (Cali madoobe) ● Iiman Cabdi Cabdulle ● Aw salaad ● ismaaciil Xuseen Gabaydhe ( Baylood) ● Rashiid Faarax Maxamed ● Rashiid Gadhoodhsade '''DHALINYARADA BEESHA''' ● Axmed Aadan 《GANACSADE 》 ● Yaasiin Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》 ● Maxamed Faarax Darawal 《GANACSADE》 ● Saleeban Cabdullahi Cawed 《DR 》 ● Maxamed Faarax Cali 《DR 》 ● Axmed Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》 ● Nuux Hadhweyne 《ENGINEER 》 ● Cabdisalaan Jaamac Ciise 《DR 》 ● Cawil Aadan Axmed 《GANACSADE 》 8aj3gt52ryseyac7sojdhhanni6yy3f 0 42865 305083 298735 2026-08-13T10:07:38Z Ahmed mustafe abdi 46936 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 305083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official|image=24BBRW - 53535940590 (cropped1).jpg|name=Cumar Cartan|caption=|birth_date=1992|birth_place=[[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya|league1=[[Qeybta Koowaad ee Soomaaliya|Som Qaybta 1aad]]|role1=[[Garsoore (ururka kubbada cagta)|Garsoore]]|years1=2018–|internationalrole1=[[Garsoore (ururka kubbada cagta)|Garsoore]]|internationalyears1=2018–|confederation1=[[Liiska Garsoorayaasha Caalamiga ah ee FIFA|FIFA liiska]]}} '''Cumar Cartan''' (wuxuu dhashay 1992) waa garsoore [[Kubadda Cagta|kubbadda cagta]] [[Soomaaliya]]. Cartan ayaa horay u noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaaliya ka socda ee qabta finalka qaarada, isagoo dusha kala socday kooxda Pyramids FC ee [[Masar]] guushii ay ka gaareen Mamelodi Sundowns ee [[Koonfur Afrika]]. Waxa uu sidoo kale garsoore ka ahaa tartanka qaramada Afrika ee AFCON. Intaa waxaa dheer, Cumar wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay taariikh isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaali ah oo loo doorto [[Koobka Adduunka|Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA]]. Waxa uu ka mid yahay saddex garsoore oo dhexdhexaad ah oo laga soo doortay Afrika iyo wakiilka kaliya ee ka socda Afrikada Saxaraha ka hooseeya si uu u dhex dhexaadiyo Koobka Adduunka ee [[FIFA]] U-20 2025 . ==Xirfadda garsoorka== Cartan waa garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan horyaalka heerka koowaad ee Soomaaliya , wuxuuna xubin ka yahay FIFA sidoo kale liiska garsoorayaasha. Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay Muqdisho 1992-kii, waxa uu noqday garsoore FIFA ku dartay sannadkii 2018 Waxa uu taariikhda galay January 2024-kii isagoo noqday Soomaaligii ugu horreeyey ee garsoore ka noqda Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo kormeeray ciyaartii Group E ee Tunisia iyo Namibia. Waxa uu sidoo kale maamulay kulamadii caanka ahaa ee CAF Champions League iyo 2026 FIFA. Cartan waxa uu qayb ka ahaa sagaal xubnood oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kooban saddex garsoore iyo lix caawiye garsoore oo la soo xulay Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha Cartan ayaa aastay taariikhda kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya oo aad u liidatay soddonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo uu goobjoog ka ahaa garsoore ka socday Soomaaliya oo matalayay Soomaaliya oo keliya ma aha ee sidoo kale qaaradda Afrika. Garoomada kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya waxaa soo wajahay caqabado badan oo ay ugu wacan tahay xasillooni darro iyo colaado dhowr iyo toban sano dalka ragaadiyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaaladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celin lahaa nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado dib u soo nooleynta kubada cagta. FIFA ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay dib u soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaal Soomaaliyeed iyo ciyaartoy da’yar. Tababarka ayaa hakad galay sanado badan xaalada dalka oo aan deganayn awgeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka amniga, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeeda tababarka. Cumar Cartan waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu buuxiyo dulduleelo waaweyn oo ka faa'iidaystay tababarradaas iyo barnaamijyadaas. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Cartan waa garsoore caalami ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ay aqoonsan yihiin xiriirka kubbadda cagta Afrika (CAF) iyo FIFA Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Muqdisho horaantii sagaashamaadkii, Cartan waxa uu xirfadiisa garsoornimo ka bilaabay horyaalada maxaliga ah ee Soomaaliya ka hor inta aan lagu darin liiska garsoorayaasha caalamiga ah ee FIFA 2018. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay waxa uu ka mid noqday masuuliyiinta ugu caansan ciyaaraha Soomaaliya, isagoo dalkiisa u matalay dhawr tartan oo waaweyn oo isugu jira qaaradaha iyo caalamka. Cartan ayaa soo dhex-dhaxaadiyay tartamo kala duwan oo CAF ah oo uu ka mid yahay koobkii qaramada Afrika ee AFCON, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaali ah oo heerkan loo magacaabo. Waxa kale oo loo doortay hawlo sharaf leh sida ciyaaraha CAF Champions League iyo FIFA U-20 World Cup Xirfadiisa ciyaareed waxaa loo arkaa horumar u horseeday garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed marxaladaha caalamka, maadaama uu si joogto ah u muujiyay xirfad, adkeysi, iyo karti ciyaaraha heersare ah. Guusha Cartan ayaa ahayd mid si weyn looga xusay dalka iyo caalamkaba, iyadoo maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliyeed iyo warbaahinta ay ku tilmaameen waxqabadkiisa mid lagu faani karo, isla markaana dhiirigelin u ah horumarka Isboortiga dalka. ==Tixraac== [https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ “Wasiirka Dhalinyarada iyo Ciyaaraha oo marti ku ahaa Garsoore Cumar Cartan, kuna amaanay kor u qaadista sumcadda Isboortiga Soomaaliya] {{Wayback|url=https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ |date=20251117195538 }} [https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da "TRT Global - Cumar Cartan ayaa taariikhda galay, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed ee qabta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA"] [https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ "Cabdulqaadir Cartan oo Soomaaliya u dhashay oo loo doortay inuu qabto FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025"] [https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty "FIFA waxay dooratay garsoore Soomaali ah iyo caawiye Kenyan ah oo ka qayb galaya ciyaaraha aduunka ee 20 jirada"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan "Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Garsooraha Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo "Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubbadda cagta?"] [http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx "Garsoore Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Oo Taariikh Ka Dhigay Koobka Qaramada Afrika"] 2m93i66xn7ymitknq4hqt0kd0hvys2y 305085 305083 2026-08-13T11:13:24Z Isma4l 41797 305085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official |image=24BBRW - 53535940590 (cropped1).jpg |name=Cumar Cartan |caption=Cartan oo ka qayb galaya [[2023 Koobka Qaramada Afrika|Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2023]] |birth_date={{Birth date and age|1992|6|6|df=yes}} |birth_place=[[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya |league1=[[Heerka Koowaad ee Soomaali]] |role1=Garsoore |years1=2018– |internationalrole1=Garsoore |internationalyears1=2018– |confederation1=Liiska FIFA }} '''Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan''' dhashay 6 Juun 1992) waa garsoore [[Kubadda Cagta|kubadda cagta]] Soomaaliyeed. Cartan wuxuu ahaa garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee ka yimid Soomaaliya ee madax ka noqda final qaaradeed, isagoo kormeeray guushii kooxda [[Masar]] ee Pyramids FC ee 2024–25-ka Horyaalka CAF ee Kooxaha Horyaallada ee ay kaga adkaatay kooxda Koonfur Afrika ee [[Mamelodi Sundowns FC|Mamelodi Sundowns]] ee [[Qaahira]]. Wuxuu sidoo kale garsoor ka noqday Koobka Qaramada Afrika (AFCON). Wuxuu ahaa wakiilka kaliya ee ka yimid Afrikada Saxaraha Ka Hoosaysa ee garsoor ka noqday Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA U-20 ee 2025.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Omar Artan makes history as first Somali referee to officiate FIFA World Cup |url=https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=TRT Global |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-23 |title=Somalia's Abdulkadir Artan selected to officiate FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025 |url=https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |language=it}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kariuki |first=Erick |date=2025-07-24 |title=FIFA picks Somali referee and Kenyan assistant for U-20 World Cup duty |url=https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Eastleigh Voice News |language=en}}</ref> Maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliya iyo warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaamay guulaha Artan inay yihiin isha ay ku faanaan iyo dhiirigelin u ah horumarinta ciyaaraha dalka.<ref name=":4" /> Wuxuu ahaa garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaali ah ee loo doorto tartan [[Koobka Adduunka|Koobka Adduunka FIFA]], kaas oo ka mid ahaa saddex garsoore oo dhexe oo laga soo xulay [[CAF|Afrika]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Cartan looma oggolaanin inuu galo [[Maraykanka]] waxaana laga saaray tartanka, taasoo dhalisay muran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/08/sport/somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us|title=A World Cup referee was denied entry to US|last1=Feldscher|first1=Kyle|last2=Alvarez|first2=Priscilla|last3=Madowo|first3=Larry|date=9 June 2026|website=CNN}}</ref> Dhakhso kadib, waxaa loo doortay inuu noqdo garsooraha Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026, kaasoo dhacay bishii Agoosto ka dib finalkii Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026. ==Xirfadda garsoorka== Cartan waa garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan horyaalka heerka koowaad ee Soomaaliya , wuxuuna xubin ka yahay FIFA sidoo kale liiska garsoorayaasha. Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay Muqdisho 1992-kii, waxa uu noqday garsoore FIFA ku dartay sannadkii 2018 Waxa uu taariikhda galay January 2024-kii isagoo noqday Soomaaligii ugu horreeyey ee garsoore ka noqda Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo kormeeray ciyaartii Group E ee Tunisia iyo Namibia. Waxa uu sidoo kale maamulay kulamadii caanka ahaa ee CAF Champions League iyo 2026 FIFA. Cartan waxa uu qayb ka ahaa sagaal xubnood oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kooban saddex garsoore iyo lix caawiye garsoore oo la soo xulay Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha Cartan ayaa aastay taariikhda kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya oo aad u liidatay soddonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo uu goobjoog ka ahaa garsoore ka socday Soomaaliya oo matalayay Soomaaliya oo keliya ma aha ee sidoo kale qaaradda Afrika. Garoomada kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya waxaa soo wajahay caqabado badan oo ay ugu wacan tahay xasillooni darro iyo colaado dhowr iyo toban sano dalka ragaadiyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaaladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celin lahaa nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado dib u soo nooleynta kubada cagta. FIFA ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay dib u soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaal Soomaaliyeed iyo ciyaartoy da’yar. Tababarka ayaa hakad galay sanado badan xaalada dalka oo aan deganayn awgeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka amniga, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeeda tababarka. Cumar Cartan waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu buuxiyo dulduleelo waaweyn oo ka faa'iidaystay tababarradaas iyo barnaamijyadaas. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Cartan waa garsoore caalami ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ay aqoonsan yihiin xiriirka kubbadda cagta Afrika (CAF) iyo FIFA Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Muqdisho horaantii sagaashamaadkii, Cartan waxa uu xirfadiisa garsoornimo ka bilaabay horyaalada maxaliga ah ee Soomaaliya ka hor inta aan lagu darin liiska garsoorayaasha caalamiga ah ee FIFA 2018. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay waxa uu ka mid noqday masuuliyiinta ugu caansan ciyaaraha Soomaaliya, isagoo dalkiisa u matalay dhawr tartan oo waaweyn oo isugu jira qaaradaha iyo caalamka. Cartan ayaa soo dhex-dhaxaadiyay tartamo kala duwan oo CAF ah oo uu ka mid yahay koobkii qaramada Afrika ee AFCON, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaali ah oo heerkan loo magacaabo. Waxa kale oo loo doortay hawlo sharaf leh sida ciyaaraha CAF Champions League iyo FIFA U-20 World Cup Xirfadiisa ciyaareed waxaa loo arkaa horumar u horseeday garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed marxaladaha caalamka, maadaama uu si joogto ah u muujiyay xirfad, adkeysi, iyo karti ciyaaraha heersare ah. Guusha Cartan ayaa ahayd mid si weyn looga xusay dalka iyo caalamkaba, iyadoo maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliyeed iyo warbaahinta ay ku tilmaameen waxqabadkiisa mid lagu faani karo, isla markaana dhiirigelin u ah horumarka Isboortiga dalka. == Xirfadda garsoorenimada == Artan wuxuu ka bilaabay xirfaddiisa garsoorenimada horyaalada maxalliga ah ee Soomaaliya wuxuuna noqday garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan [[Somali First Division|Horyaalka Heerka Koowaad ee Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa garsoorayaasha [[FIFA International Referees List|liiska FIFA]] tan iyo 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Omar Abdulkadir Artan football referee from Somalia |url=https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan |archive-date=2023-09-29 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=worldreferee.com}}</ref> Artan wuxuu taariikh dhigay Janaayo 2024 isagoo ahaa Soomaaligii ugu horreeyay ee garsoora Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo madax ka ahaa ciyaartii Group E ee dhexmartay Tunisia iyo Namibia. Wuxuu sidoo kale maamulay kulamo heer sare ah oo ka tirsan [[CAF Champions League]] iyo [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)|shaandheynta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026]].<ref name=":0" /> Artan wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah koox sagaal xubnood ah oo ka timid Afrika oo ay ku jiraan saddex garsoore iyo lix garsoore caawiye ah oo la doortay.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-06 |title=Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubadda cagta adduunka? |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> Muuqaalka kubadda cagta Soomaaliya wuxuu la kulmay caqabado badan oo ka dhashay xasillooni darro iyo khilaaf dalka ka daashaday tobanaan sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celinayo nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado loogu talagalay soo noolaynta kubadda cagta. [[FIFA]] waxay door muhiim ah ka qaadatay soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed iyo cayaartooyda da'da yar. Tababarka ayaa la joojiyay sannado badan sababtoo ah xaaladda aan degganayn ee dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo ammaanku soo hagaagay, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeedii tababarka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somali referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan makes history at Africa Cup of Nations |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=www.hiiraan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Markii loo magacaabay Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA bishii Abriil 2026, madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] wuxuu bogaadiyay Artan "dadaalkiisii, xirfaddiisa, iyo daacadnimadiisa."<ref name="landing">{{Cite web |date=2026-06-10 |title=Cumar Cartan oo baaqa u diray dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed iyo waxa xiga ee u qorsheysan |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cz9lx318geno |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> === Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026 === Bishii Abriil 2026, Artan waxaa loo doortay inuu garsoore ka noqdo Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026.<ref name="usatoday"/> June 6, wuxuu ka duulay [[Istanbul]], Turkiga, ilaa [[Miami]] dhammaadka usbuuca si uu uga qaybgalo siminaar qasab ah oo loogu talagalay saraakiisha ciyaaraha FIFA ka hor Koobka Adduunka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fish |first=Hal |title='One of the best' FIFA Referees Has Now Been Turned Away on Arrival in the US for the World Cup | url=https://www.givemesport.com/fifa-referee-somali-omar-artan-denied-entry-us-2026-world-cup/ |publisher=GiveMeSport |date=8 June 2026 }}</ref> Wuxuu helay fiisayaasha gelitaanka Maraykanka ee 3-bilood ah oo badan wuxuuna helay baasaboor diblomaasiyadeed oo ay fududaysay Safaaradda Soomaaliya ee [[Nairobi]],<ref name="peter">{{cite web |last1=Peter |first1=Mike |last2=Ali |first2=Abdinasir |title=World Cup 2026: Somali referee Omar Artan to miss tournament after being barred from entering US |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cnv9drg0qzgo |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |access-date=9 June 2026 |date=8 June 2026}}</ref> laakiin markuu yimid [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Miami]], Waaxda Canshuuraha iyo Xadka Maraykanka (CBP) ayaa u diidday inuu soo galo,<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/08/sport/somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us |title= World Cup referee denied entry to US |publisher=CNN |date=10 June 2026|last1=Feldscher|first1=Kyle|last2=Alvarez|first2=Priscilla|last3=Madowo|first3=Larry|access-date=11 June 2026 }}</ref> iyaga oo si toos ah u saaray diyaarad dib ugu celinaysa Istanbul.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260608-somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us-for-world-cup-official |title=Somali referee denied entry to US for World Cup: official |website=France 24 |date=8 June 2026 |accessdate=8 June 2026}}</ref> CBP waxay sheegtay in Artan la helay inuusan ogolayn kaddib markii la baaray sabab la xiriirta "welwel xagga baaritaanka ah" sidaas darteedna loo diidday inuu soo galo Maraykanka.<ref name="usatoday">{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Somali referee Omar Artan will miss World Cup after being denied entry to USA |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/worldcup/2026/06/08/somalia-referee-omar-artan-denied-entry-usa/90459881007/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Illo qaar ayaa eedeyay habraacyada baarista ee adag iyo xayiraadaha socdaalka ee adag ee uu hirgeliyay maamulka Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-08 |title=Top African referee Omar Artan refused access to US before World Cup |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/jun/08/top-african-referee-omar-artan-refused-access-to-the-united-states |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Artan dambe wuxuu sheegay in loo geystay waraysi socdaal oo 11-saacadood ah ka hor intaan la diidin gelitaankiisa. Wuxuu sheegay in saraakiisha Maraykanku aysan bixin sharraxaad cad oo ku saabsan go'aanka, in kasta oo uu haystay dukumentiyada safarka ee looga baahnaa, wuxuuna soo jeediyay in dhalashadiisa Soomaaliga ay noqon karto arrin qayb ka ahayd. Isagoo ku tilmaamay Koobka Adduunka "riyadii ugu weynayd nolosheyda," wuxuu muujiyay niyad-jabka ah inuusan awoodin inuu ka qaybqaato tartanka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mpoke Bigg |first=Matthew |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/09/world/africa/somali-referee-world-cup-us-entry-omar-artan.html |title=Somali Referee Says His World Cup Dream Is Dashed After U.S. Denies Entry |publisher=The New York Times |date=9 June 2026 }}</ref> Ka dib markii uu ku laabtay Soomaaliya, Artan wuxuu sheegay in su'aalaha ay saraakiisha Maraykanku waydiiyeen ay ka mid ahaayeen mowduucyo la xiriira [[Al-Qaacida]] iyo Al-Shabaab.<ref name="landing"/> Sarkaan aan la magacaabin oo Maraykan ah ayaa markii dambe sheegay in "xiriirka la leeyahay xubnaha looga shakisan yahay ururada argagixisada" ee Artan uu ahaa sababta loo diidday gelitaanka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crafton |first=Adam |date=2026-06-10 |title=Trump administration claim Somali World Cup referee denied U.S. entry had suspected ‘terror’ ties |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7347860/2026/06/10/world-cup-referee-somalia-usa-trump/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Packmohr |first=Pia |date=2026-06-10 |title=Omar Artan: US-Regierung nennt Details zur Abweisung somalischen Schiedsrichters |url=https://www.zeit.de/sport/2026-06/artan-einreise-usa-somalia-schiedsrichter-fifa-gxe |access-date=2026-06-11 |work=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Leahy |first=Sean |last2=Cwik |first2=Chris |date=2026-06-10 |title=2026 World Cup: Somali referee Omar Artan returns home as U.S. official reportedly claims suspected links to 'terror organizations' |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/article/2026-world-cup-somali-referee-omar-artan-returns-home-as-us-official-reportedly-claims-suspected-links-to-terror-organizations-151023935.html |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Diidmada gelitaanka waxaa cambaareeyay u doodayaasha xuquuqda aadanaha, dhaleeceeyayaasha, iyo shaqsiyaadka siyaasadda Kanada oo ay ku jirto duqa magaalada [[Toronto]] [[Olivia Chow]], oo magaaladeedu ay ahayd wada martigeliyaha ciyaaraha tartanka. Chow waxay dhaleecaysay go'aanka, iyadoo sheegaysa in "u diididda gelitaanka Cumar Cartan, oo booskiisa masraxa adduunka ku kasbaday shaqo adag iyo dulqaad, aysan sax ahayn," isla markaana ay xaqiijisay in lagu soo dhoweyn doono inuu garsooro Toronto.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ofori |first=Morgan |title=The most inclusive World Cup ever? Tell that to Omar Artan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2026/jun/10/the-most-inclusive-world-cup-ever-tell-that-to-omar-artan-the-somali-referee-just-banned-by-trumps-us |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=June 10, 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ferreira |first=Beatriz |title=Olivia Chow says Somali FIFA referee welcome in Toronto |url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/olivia-chow-somali-fifa-referee-toronto/ |work=NOW Toronto |date=June 9, 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref> FIFA waxay xaqiijisay in uusan awoodi doonin inuu ka qaybqaato sarkaan ahaan ciyaaraha tartanka, iyadoo xustay in go'aamada la xiriira gelitaanka iyo fiisaha ay ugu dambeyn ku xiran yihiin dowladda martigelinaysa.<ref name="peter"/> Inkasta oo tartanka ay si wadajir ah u martigeliyeen Maraykanka, Kanada, iyo Mexico, garsoorayaasha waxaa looga baahnaa inay ka qaybqaataan diyaar garowga dhexe ee Maraykanka. Guddoomiyaha guddiga garsoorayaasha FIFA [[Pierluigi Collina]] ayaa ka dhisay xarun tababar oo ku taal Miami 52-ka garsoore iyo 88 garsoore caawiye ah ee tartanka, taasoo ka dhigaysa ka qaybgalka Maraykanka qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah diyaar garowga garsoorka tartanka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Telfer |first=Alastair |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9d2y76pd57o |title=I have right papers and visa - barred referee Artan |publisher=BBC Sport |date=9 June 2026 }}</ref> Bishii June 10, 2026, Artan wuxuu ku degay Soomaaliya, isagoo helay soo dhoweyn diiran oo kaga timid mas'uuliyiinta iyo shacabka kuwaas oo ku tilmaamay geesi.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Somali World Cup referee denied U.S. entry, hailed as hero at home|url= https://www.gpb.org/news/2026/06/10/somali-world-cup-referee-denied-us-entry-hailed-hero-at-home|website=[[Baahinta Dadweynaha ee Georgia]]|date=10 June 2026|last=Akinwotu|first=Emmanuel|access-date=11 June 2026}}</ref> Hadal kooban oo uu siiyay saxaafadda, Artan wuxuu muujiyay niyad-jabka uu ka qabo Maraykanka wuxuuna ku baaqay in Soomaalidu ay difaacaan magaca dalka, isagoo intaas ku daray inuu rajaynayo inuu joogo Koobka Adduunka ee xiga.<ref name="landing"/> Intaas ka dib, FIFA waxay xaqiijisay in Artan uu heli doono gunnada buuxda ee Koobka Adduunka 2026 inkasta oo uusan awoodin inuu garsooro tartanka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Camba|first=Gael|title=After refused entry into US, Somali referee Omar Artan will be paid full World Cup fee by FIFA|url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/06/14/after-refused-entry-into-us-somali-referee-omar-artan-will-be-paid-full-world-cup-fee-by-f|website=Euronews|date=14 June 2026}}</ref> === Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026 === Bishii June 11, 2026, Artan waxaa dooratay [[UEFA|Ururka Kubadda Cagta Yurub]] (UEFA) inuu garsoore ka noqdo ciyaartii Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026 ee dhexmartay kooxaha Paris Saint-Germain iyo Aston Villa, taas oo ka dhacday Garoonka Cas ee Red Bull ee [[Salzburg]], Austria bishii August 12, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2026 |title=Top African referee Omar Artan to officiate 2026 UEFA Super Cup after being unable to participate in FIFA World Cup 2026 |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/02a6-20d7ce07703f-bee983e79921-1000--top-african-referee-omar-artan-to-officiate-2026-uefa-super-/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |website=UEFA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Abdiaziz |date=11 June 2026 |title=UEFA Appoints Omar Artan to Officiate 2026 Super Cup |work=SNN |url=https://somnn.com/sports/4319/06/11/2026/,%20https://somnn.com/sports/4319/06/11/2026/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |language=en-US}}</ref> Xulashadiisa ayaa timid ka dib wadaxaajood dhexmaray UEFA iyo [[Confederation of African Football|Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Afrika]] (CAF).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kilpatrick |first=Dan |date=11 June 2026 |title=Somali referee barred from World Cup appointed by UEFA to officiate Super Cup |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7351082/2026/06/11/omar-artan-referee-uefa-super-cup-fifa-visa/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fisher |first=Ben |date=11 June 2026|title=Somali referee barred from US for World Cup is handed Super Cup final by Uefa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/jun/11/somali-referee-barred-from-world-cup-super-cup-final-uefa-omar-artan |access-date=11 June 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Wuxuu noqday Afrikaankii ugu horreeyay abid ee garsoore ka noqda ciyaar ka tirsan tartanka UEFA.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Barred World Cup referee Omar Artan to officiate UEFA Super Cup final|url= https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49029293/barred-world-cup-referee-omar-artan-officiate-uefa-super-cup-final|website=[[ESPN]]|date=11 June 2026|last=Ogden|first=Mark|access-date=12 June 2026}}</ref> === Horyaalka Wasaaradda Kuwait 2025–26 === Bishii June 21, 2026, iyadoo Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026 uu si xawli ah u socdo, Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Kuwayt ayaa ku casuumay Artan inuu garsooro ciyaartii ugu dambeysay ee xilli ciyaareedkii Horyaalka Wasaaradda Kuwait 2025–26 ee u dhaxeeyay Kuwayt SC iyo [[Qadsia SC]]. [[Xiriirka Soomaaliyeed ee Kubadda Cagta|Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya]] ayaa soo dhaweeyay casuumadaas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khalif |first=Abdirahman |date=21 June 2026 |title=Somali referee Omar Artan to officiate Kuwait Premier League final after World Cup setback |url=https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/sports/370547/somali-referee-omar-artan-to-officiate-kuwait-premier-league-final-after-world-cup-setback |access-date=27 June 2026 |work=The Eastleigh Voice}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ “Wasiirka Dhalinyarada iyo Ciyaaraha oo marti ku ahaa Garsoore Cumar Cartan, kuna amaanay kor u qaadista sumcadda Isboortiga Soomaaliya] {{Wayback|url=https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ |date=20251117195538 }} [https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da "TRT Global - Cumar Cartan ayaa taariikhda galay, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed ee qabta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA"] [https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ "Cabdulqaadir Cartan oo Soomaaliya u dhashay oo loo doortay inuu qabto FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025"] [https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty "FIFA waxay dooratay garsoore Soomaali ah iyo caawiye Kenyan ah oo ka qayb galaya ciyaaraha aduunka ee 20 jirada"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan "Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Garsooraha Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo "Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubbadda cagta?"] [http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx "Garsoore Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Oo Taariikh Ka Dhigay Koobka Qaramada Afrika"] 0vm0lyuvhdijkm1cxkeb56bz5kkcydd 305086 305085 2026-08-13T11:14:49Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Cumar Cartan]]" ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn)) 305085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official |image=24BBRW - 53535940590 (cropped1).jpg |name=Cumar Cartan |caption=Cartan oo ka qayb galaya [[2023 Koobka Qaramada Afrika|Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2023]] |birth_date={{Birth date and age|1992|6|6|df=yes}} |birth_place=[[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya |league1=[[Heerka Koowaad ee Soomaali]] |role1=Garsoore |years1=2018– |internationalrole1=Garsoore |internationalyears1=2018– |confederation1=Liiska FIFA }} '''Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan''' dhashay 6 Juun 1992) waa garsoore [[Kubadda Cagta|kubadda cagta]] Soomaaliyeed. Cartan wuxuu ahaa garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee ka yimid Soomaaliya ee madax ka noqda final qaaradeed, isagoo kormeeray guushii kooxda [[Masar]] ee Pyramids FC ee 2024–25-ka Horyaalka CAF ee Kooxaha Horyaallada ee ay kaga adkaatay kooxda Koonfur Afrika ee [[Mamelodi Sundowns FC|Mamelodi Sundowns]] ee [[Qaahira]]. Wuxuu sidoo kale garsoor ka noqday Koobka Qaramada Afrika (AFCON). Wuxuu ahaa wakiilka kaliya ee ka yimid Afrikada Saxaraha Ka Hoosaysa ee garsoor ka noqday Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA U-20 ee 2025.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Omar Artan makes history as first Somali referee to officiate FIFA World Cup |url=https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=TRT Global |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-23 |title=Somalia's Abdulkadir Artan selected to officiate FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025 |url=https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |language=it}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kariuki |first=Erick |date=2025-07-24 |title=FIFA picks Somali referee and Kenyan assistant for U-20 World Cup duty |url=https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Eastleigh Voice News |language=en}}</ref> Maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliya iyo warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaamay guulaha Artan inay yihiin isha ay ku faanaan iyo dhiirigelin u ah horumarinta ciyaaraha dalka.<ref name=":4" /> Wuxuu ahaa garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaali ah ee loo doorto tartan [[Koobka Adduunka|Koobka Adduunka FIFA]], kaas oo ka mid ahaa saddex garsoore oo dhexe oo laga soo xulay [[CAF|Afrika]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Cartan looma oggolaanin inuu galo [[Maraykanka]] waxaana laga saaray tartanka, taasoo dhalisay muran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/08/sport/somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us|title=A World Cup referee was denied entry to US|last1=Feldscher|first1=Kyle|last2=Alvarez|first2=Priscilla|last3=Madowo|first3=Larry|date=9 June 2026|website=CNN}}</ref> Dhakhso kadib, waxaa loo doortay inuu noqdo garsooraha Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026, kaasoo dhacay bishii Agoosto ka dib finalkii Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026. ==Xirfadda garsoorka== Cartan waa garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan horyaalka heerka koowaad ee Soomaaliya , wuxuuna xubin ka yahay FIFA sidoo kale liiska garsoorayaasha. Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay Muqdisho 1992-kii, waxa uu noqday garsoore FIFA ku dartay sannadkii 2018 Waxa uu taariikhda galay January 2024-kii isagoo noqday Soomaaligii ugu horreeyey ee garsoore ka noqda Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo kormeeray ciyaartii Group E ee Tunisia iyo Namibia. Waxa uu sidoo kale maamulay kulamadii caanka ahaa ee CAF Champions League iyo 2026 FIFA. Cartan waxa uu qayb ka ahaa sagaal xubnood oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kooban saddex garsoore iyo lix caawiye garsoore oo la soo xulay Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha Cartan ayaa aastay taariikhda kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya oo aad u liidatay soddonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo uu goobjoog ka ahaa garsoore ka socday Soomaaliya oo matalayay Soomaaliya oo keliya ma aha ee sidoo kale qaaradda Afrika. Garoomada kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya waxaa soo wajahay caqabado badan oo ay ugu wacan tahay xasillooni darro iyo colaado dhowr iyo toban sano dalka ragaadiyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaaladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celin lahaa nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado dib u soo nooleynta kubada cagta. FIFA ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay dib u soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaal Soomaaliyeed iyo ciyaartoy da’yar. Tababarka ayaa hakad galay sanado badan xaalada dalka oo aan deganayn awgeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka amniga, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeeda tababarka. Cumar Cartan waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu buuxiyo dulduleelo waaweyn oo ka faa'iidaystay tababarradaas iyo barnaamijyadaas. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Cartan waa garsoore caalami ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ay aqoonsan yihiin xiriirka kubbadda cagta Afrika (CAF) iyo FIFA Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Muqdisho horaantii sagaashamaadkii, Cartan waxa uu xirfadiisa garsoornimo ka bilaabay horyaalada maxaliga ah ee Soomaaliya ka hor inta aan lagu darin liiska garsoorayaasha caalamiga ah ee FIFA 2018. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay waxa uu ka mid noqday masuuliyiinta ugu caansan ciyaaraha Soomaaliya, isagoo dalkiisa u matalay dhawr tartan oo waaweyn oo isugu jira qaaradaha iyo caalamka. Cartan ayaa soo dhex-dhaxaadiyay tartamo kala duwan oo CAF ah oo uu ka mid yahay koobkii qaramada Afrika ee AFCON, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaali ah oo heerkan loo magacaabo. Waxa kale oo loo doortay hawlo sharaf leh sida ciyaaraha CAF Champions League iyo FIFA U-20 World Cup Xirfadiisa ciyaareed waxaa loo arkaa horumar u horseeday garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed marxaladaha caalamka, maadaama uu si joogto ah u muujiyay xirfad, adkeysi, iyo karti ciyaaraha heersare ah. Guusha Cartan ayaa ahayd mid si weyn looga xusay dalka iyo caalamkaba, iyadoo maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliyeed iyo warbaahinta ay ku tilmaameen waxqabadkiisa mid lagu faani karo, isla markaana dhiirigelin u ah horumarka Isboortiga dalka. == Xirfadda garsoorenimada == Artan wuxuu ka bilaabay xirfaddiisa garsoorenimada horyaalada maxalliga ah ee Soomaaliya wuxuuna noqday garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan [[Somali First Division|Horyaalka Heerka Koowaad ee Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa garsoorayaasha [[FIFA International Referees List|liiska FIFA]] tan iyo 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Omar Abdulkadir Artan football referee from Somalia |url=https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan |archive-date=2023-09-29 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=worldreferee.com}}</ref> Artan wuxuu taariikh dhigay Janaayo 2024 isagoo ahaa Soomaaligii ugu horreeyay ee garsoora Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo madax ka ahaa ciyaartii Group E ee dhexmartay Tunisia iyo Namibia. Wuxuu sidoo kale maamulay kulamo heer sare ah oo ka tirsan [[CAF Champions League]] iyo [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)|shaandheynta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026]].<ref name=":0" /> Artan wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah koox sagaal xubnood ah oo ka timid Afrika oo ay ku jiraan saddex garsoore iyo lix garsoore caawiye ah oo la doortay.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-06 |title=Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubadda cagta adduunka? |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> Muuqaalka kubadda cagta Soomaaliya wuxuu la kulmay caqabado badan oo ka dhashay xasillooni darro iyo khilaaf dalka ka daashaday tobanaan sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celinayo nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado loogu talagalay soo noolaynta kubadda cagta. [[FIFA]] waxay door muhiim ah ka qaadatay soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed iyo cayaartooyda da'da yar. Tababarka ayaa la joojiyay sannado badan sababtoo ah xaaladda aan degganayn ee dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo ammaanku soo hagaagay, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeedii tababarka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somali referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan makes history at Africa Cup of Nations |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=www.hiiraan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Markii loo magacaabay Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA bishii Abriil 2026, madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] wuxuu bogaadiyay Artan "dadaalkiisii, xirfaddiisa, iyo daacadnimadiisa."<ref name="landing">{{Cite web |date=2026-06-10 |title=Cumar Cartan oo baaqa u diray dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed iyo waxa xiga ee u qorsheysan |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cz9lx318geno |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> === Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026 === Bishii Abriil 2026, Artan waxaa loo doortay inuu garsoore ka noqdo Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026.<ref name="usatoday"/> June 6, wuxuu ka duulay [[Istanbul]], Turkiga, ilaa [[Miami]] dhammaadka usbuuca si uu uga qaybgalo siminaar qasab ah oo loogu talagalay saraakiisha ciyaaraha FIFA ka hor Koobka Adduunka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fish |first=Hal |title='One of the best' FIFA Referees Has Now Been Turned Away on Arrival in the US for the World Cup | url=https://www.givemesport.com/fifa-referee-somali-omar-artan-denied-entry-us-2026-world-cup/ |publisher=GiveMeSport |date=8 June 2026 }}</ref> Wuxuu helay fiisayaasha gelitaanka Maraykanka ee 3-bilood ah oo badan wuxuuna helay baasaboor diblomaasiyadeed oo ay fududaysay Safaaradda Soomaaliya ee [[Nairobi]],<ref name="peter">{{cite web |last1=Peter |first1=Mike |last2=Ali |first2=Abdinasir |title=World Cup 2026: Somali referee Omar Artan to miss tournament after being barred from entering US |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cnv9drg0qzgo |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |access-date=9 June 2026 |date=8 June 2026}}</ref> laakiin markuu yimid [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Miami]], Waaxda Canshuuraha iyo Xadka Maraykanka (CBP) ayaa u diidday inuu soo galo,<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/08/sport/somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us |title= World Cup referee denied entry to US |publisher=CNN |date=10 June 2026|last1=Feldscher|first1=Kyle|last2=Alvarez|first2=Priscilla|last3=Madowo|first3=Larry|access-date=11 June 2026 }}</ref> iyaga oo si toos ah u saaray diyaarad dib ugu celinaysa Istanbul.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260608-somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us-for-world-cup-official |title=Somali referee denied entry to US for World Cup: official |website=France 24 |date=8 June 2026 |accessdate=8 June 2026}}</ref> CBP waxay sheegtay in Artan la helay inuusan ogolayn kaddib markii la baaray sabab la xiriirta "welwel xagga baaritaanka ah" sidaas darteedna loo diidday inuu soo galo Maraykanka.<ref name="usatoday">{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Somali referee Omar Artan will miss World Cup after being denied entry to USA |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/worldcup/2026/06/08/somalia-referee-omar-artan-denied-entry-usa/90459881007/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Illo qaar ayaa eedeyay habraacyada baarista ee adag iyo xayiraadaha socdaalka ee adag ee uu hirgeliyay maamulka Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-08 |title=Top African referee Omar Artan refused access to US before World Cup |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/jun/08/top-african-referee-omar-artan-refused-access-to-the-united-states |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Artan dambe wuxuu sheegay in loo geystay waraysi socdaal oo 11-saacadood ah ka hor intaan la diidin gelitaankiisa. Wuxuu sheegay in saraakiisha Maraykanku aysan bixin sharraxaad cad oo ku saabsan go'aanka, in kasta oo uu haystay dukumentiyada safarka ee looga baahnaa, wuxuuna soo jeediyay in dhalashadiisa Soomaaliga ay noqon karto arrin qayb ka ahayd. Isagoo ku tilmaamay Koobka Adduunka "riyadii ugu weynayd nolosheyda," wuxuu muujiyay niyad-jabka ah inuusan awoodin inuu ka qaybqaato tartanka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mpoke Bigg |first=Matthew |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/09/world/africa/somali-referee-world-cup-us-entry-omar-artan.html |title=Somali Referee Says His World Cup Dream Is Dashed After U.S. Denies Entry |publisher=The New York Times |date=9 June 2026 }}</ref> Ka dib markii uu ku laabtay Soomaaliya, Artan wuxuu sheegay in su'aalaha ay saraakiisha Maraykanku waydiiyeen ay ka mid ahaayeen mowduucyo la xiriira [[Al-Qaacida]] iyo Al-Shabaab.<ref name="landing"/> Sarkaan aan la magacaabin oo Maraykan ah ayaa markii dambe sheegay in "xiriirka la leeyahay xubnaha looga shakisan yahay ururada argagixisada" ee Artan uu ahaa sababta loo diidday gelitaanka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crafton |first=Adam |date=2026-06-10 |title=Trump administration claim Somali World Cup referee denied U.S. entry had suspected ‘terror’ ties |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7347860/2026/06/10/world-cup-referee-somalia-usa-trump/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Packmohr |first=Pia |date=2026-06-10 |title=Omar Artan: US-Regierung nennt Details zur Abweisung somalischen Schiedsrichters |url=https://www.zeit.de/sport/2026-06/artan-einreise-usa-somalia-schiedsrichter-fifa-gxe |access-date=2026-06-11 |work=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Leahy |first=Sean |last2=Cwik |first2=Chris |date=2026-06-10 |title=2026 World Cup: Somali referee Omar Artan returns home as U.S. official reportedly claims suspected links to 'terror organizations' |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/article/2026-world-cup-somali-referee-omar-artan-returns-home-as-us-official-reportedly-claims-suspected-links-to-terror-organizations-151023935.html |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Diidmada gelitaanka waxaa cambaareeyay u doodayaasha xuquuqda aadanaha, dhaleeceeyayaasha, iyo shaqsiyaadka siyaasadda Kanada oo ay ku jirto duqa magaalada [[Toronto]] [[Olivia Chow]], oo magaaladeedu ay ahayd wada martigeliyaha ciyaaraha tartanka. Chow waxay dhaleecaysay go'aanka, iyadoo sheegaysa in "u diididda gelitaanka Cumar Cartan, oo booskiisa masraxa adduunka ku kasbaday shaqo adag iyo dulqaad, aysan sax ahayn," isla markaana ay xaqiijisay in lagu soo dhoweyn doono inuu garsooro Toronto.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ofori |first=Morgan |title=The most inclusive World Cup ever? Tell that to Omar Artan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2026/jun/10/the-most-inclusive-world-cup-ever-tell-that-to-omar-artan-the-somali-referee-just-banned-by-trumps-us |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=June 10, 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ferreira |first=Beatriz |title=Olivia Chow says Somali FIFA referee welcome in Toronto |url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/olivia-chow-somali-fifa-referee-toronto/ |work=NOW Toronto |date=June 9, 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref> FIFA waxay xaqiijisay in uusan awoodi doonin inuu ka qaybqaato sarkaan ahaan ciyaaraha tartanka, iyadoo xustay in go'aamada la xiriira gelitaanka iyo fiisaha ay ugu dambeyn ku xiran yihiin dowladda martigelinaysa.<ref name="peter"/> Inkasta oo tartanka ay si wadajir ah u martigeliyeen Maraykanka, Kanada, iyo Mexico, garsoorayaasha waxaa looga baahnaa inay ka qaybqaataan diyaar garowga dhexe ee Maraykanka. Guddoomiyaha guddiga garsoorayaasha FIFA [[Pierluigi Collina]] ayaa ka dhisay xarun tababar oo ku taal Miami 52-ka garsoore iyo 88 garsoore caawiye ah ee tartanka, taasoo ka dhigaysa ka qaybgalka Maraykanka qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah diyaar garowga garsoorka tartanka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Telfer |first=Alastair |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9d2y76pd57o |title=I have right papers and visa - barred referee Artan |publisher=BBC Sport |date=9 June 2026 }}</ref> Bishii June 10, 2026, Artan wuxuu ku degay Soomaaliya, isagoo helay soo dhoweyn diiran oo kaga timid mas'uuliyiinta iyo shacabka kuwaas oo ku tilmaamay geesi.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Somali World Cup referee denied U.S. entry, hailed as hero at home|url= https://www.gpb.org/news/2026/06/10/somali-world-cup-referee-denied-us-entry-hailed-hero-at-home|website=[[Baahinta Dadweynaha ee Georgia]]|date=10 June 2026|last=Akinwotu|first=Emmanuel|access-date=11 June 2026}}</ref> Hadal kooban oo uu siiyay saxaafadda, Artan wuxuu muujiyay niyad-jabka uu ka qabo Maraykanka wuxuuna ku baaqay in Soomaalidu ay difaacaan magaca dalka, isagoo intaas ku daray inuu rajaynayo inuu joogo Koobka Adduunka ee xiga.<ref name="landing"/> Intaas ka dib, FIFA waxay xaqiijisay in Artan uu heli doono gunnada buuxda ee Koobka Adduunka 2026 inkasta oo uusan awoodin inuu garsooro tartanka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Camba|first=Gael|title=After refused entry into US, Somali referee Omar Artan will be paid full World Cup fee by FIFA|url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/06/14/after-refused-entry-into-us-somali-referee-omar-artan-will-be-paid-full-world-cup-fee-by-f|website=Euronews|date=14 June 2026}}</ref> === Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026 === Bishii June 11, 2026, Artan waxaa dooratay [[UEFA|Ururka Kubadda Cagta Yurub]] (UEFA) inuu garsoore ka noqdo ciyaartii Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026 ee dhexmartay kooxaha Paris Saint-Germain iyo Aston Villa, taas oo ka dhacday Garoonka Cas ee Red Bull ee [[Salzburg]], Austria bishii August 12, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2026 |title=Top African referee Omar Artan to officiate 2026 UEFA Super Cup after being unable to participate in FIFA World Cup 2026 |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/02a6-20d7ce07703f-bee983e79921-1000--top-african-referee-omar-artan-to-officiate-2026-uefa-super-/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |website=UEFA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Abdiaziz |date=11 June 2026 |title=UEFA Appoints Omar Artan to Officiate 2026 Super Cup |work=SNN |url=https://somnn.com/sports/4319/06/11/2026/,%20https://somnn.com/sports/4319/06/11/2026/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |language=en-US}}</ref> Xulashadiisa ayaa timid ka dib wadaxaajood dhexmaray UEFA iyo [[Confederation of African Football|Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Afrika]] (CAF).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kilpatrick |first=Dan |date=11 June 2026 |title=Somali referee barred from World Cup appointed by UEFA to officiate Super Cup |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7351082/2026/06/11/omar-artan-referee-uefa-super-cup-fifa-visa/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fisher |first=Ben |date=11 June 2026|title=Somali referee barred from US for World Cup is handed Super Cup final by Uefa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/jun/11/somali-referee-barred-from-world-cup-super-cup-final-uefa-omar-artan |access-date=11 June 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Wuxuu noqday Afrikaankii ugu horreeyay abid ee garsoore ka noqda ciyaar ka tirsan tartanka UEFA.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Barred World Cup referee Omar Artan to officiate UEFA Super Cup final|url= https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49029293/barred-world-cup-referee-omar-artan-officiate-uefa-super-cup-final|website=[[ESPN]]|date=11 June 2026|last=Ogden|first=Mark|access-date=12 June 2026}}</ref> === Horyaalka Wasaaradda Kuwait 2025–26 === Bishii June 21, 2026, iyadoo Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026 uu si xawli ah u socdo, Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Kuwayt ayaa ku casuumay Artan inuu garsooro ciyaartii ugu dambeysay ee xilli ciyaareedkii Horyaalka Wasaaradda Kuwait 2025–26 ee u dhaxeeyay Kuwayt SC iyo [[Qadsia SC]]. [[Xiriirka Soomaaliyeed ee Kubadda Cagta|Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya]] ayaa soo dhaweeyay casuumadaas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khalif |first=Abdirahman |date=21 June 2026 |title=Somali referee Omar Artan to officiate Kuwait Premier League final after World Cup setback |url=https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/sports/370547/somali-referee-omar-artan-to-officiate-kuwait-premier-league-final-after-world-cup-setback |access-date=27 June 2026 |work=The Eastleigh Voice}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ “Wasiirka Dhalinyarada iyo Ciyaaraha oo marti ku ahaa Garsoore Cumar Cartan, kuna amaanay kor u qaadista sumcadda Isboortiga Soomaaliya] {{Wayback|url=https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ |date=20251117195538 }} [https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da "TRT Global - Cumar Cartan ayaa taariikhda galay, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed ee qabta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA"] [https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ "Cabdulqaadir Cartan oo Soomaaliya u dhashay oo loo doortay inuu qabto FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025"] [https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty "FIFA waxay dooratay garsoore Soomaali ah iyo caawiye Kenyan ah oo ka qayb galaya ciyaaraha aduunka ee 20 jirada"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan "Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Garsooraha Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo "Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubbadda cagta?"] [http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx "Garsoore Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Oo Taariikh Ka Dhigay Koobka Qaramada Afrika"] 0vm0lyuvhdijkm1cxkeb56bz5kkcydd 10 44004 304991 287798 2026-08-12T13:51:51Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1919–1921).svg with [[File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1909–1926).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This flag of Afghanistan w 304991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Emirate of Afghanistan | shortname alias = Afghanistan | flag alias = Flag of Afghanistan (1909–1926).svg | flag alias-1709 = Black flag.svg | flag alias-1880 = Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg | flag alias-1901 = Flag of Afghanistan (1901–1919).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1709 | var2 = 1880 | var3 = 1901 | related1 = Afghanistan | related2 = Kingdom of Afghanistan | related3 = Emirate of Afghanistan (1929) | related4 = Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) | related5 = Democratic Republic of Afghanistan | related6 = Republic of Afghanistan (1987–1992) | related7 = Islamic State of Afghanistan | related8 = Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) | related9 = Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan | related10 = Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | related11 = Taliban | cat = Afghanistan, Emirate </noinclude> }} 5o9l1e4m1e84suqvgktzrds4wfxjlcx 0 50665 304961 2026-08-12T13:08:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|41|54|N|7|29|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fiersbach in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 270 |area = 3.04 |postal_code = 57635 |area_code = 02686 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 031 |website = [http://www.fiersbach-ak.de/Fiersbach-Info/Start/info.htm www.fiersbach-ak.de] |mayor = Carsten Pauly<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Fiersbach''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Altenkirchen (district)|degmada Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ehsp72a8b3xwgezzev3avd0ntstfnw6 0 50666 304962 2026-08-12T13:09:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Filsen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|24|N|7|35|2|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Filsen in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Loreley |elevation = 75 |area = 1.85 |postal_code = 56341 |area_code = 06773 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 042 |website = [https://www.filsen.de/ www.filsen.de] |mayor = Sven Faber<ref>[https://www.rhein-zeitung.de/region/aus-den-lokalredaktionen/rhein-lahn-zeitung-bad-ems_artikel,-filsen-hat-gewaehlt-sven-faber-heisst-der-neue-ortschef-_arid,2572490.html Filsen hat gewählt: Sven Faber heißt der neue Ortschef], ″Rhein-Lahn-Zeitung″, published on September 5, 2023, accessed 17 September 2023 (in German).</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Filsen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪlzn̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Lahn|degmada Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} *[http://www.dilibri.de/content/pageview/3243 Picture of Filsen, J.F. Dielmann, A. Fay, J. Becker (painter): F.C. Vogels Panorama des Rheins, Bilder des rechten und linken Rheinufers, Lithographische Anstalt F.C. Vogel, Frankfurt 1833] *[http://www.dilibri.de/content/pageview/3242 Picture of Filsen 2, dito] *[http://www.dilibri.de/content/pageview/3241 Picture of Filsen 3, dito] {{Authority control}} c4m2674tt09k7euev8b1xjb0woi36o9 0 50667 304963 2026-08-12T13:11:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location <!--was "Infobox Town DE"--> |name = Filsum |name_local = |image_coa = |image_plan = Filsum in LER.svg |state = |regbzk = |district = [[Leer (district)|Leer]] |Samtgemeinde = Jümme |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03457008 |area = 23.76 |elevation = |coordinates = {{coord|53|14|N|7|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |postal_code = 26849 |area_code = 04957 |licence = LER |mayor = Georg Gathen |party = CDU |website = [http://www.filsum.de/ filsum.de] }} '''Filsum''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] yar oo ku taal degmada [[Leer (district)|Leer]], oo ku taal waqooyi-galbeed [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay taal qiyaastii 30&nbsp;km xadka [[Netherlands]], iyo 50&nbsp;km halka uu xeebta kaga biiro [[North Sea]]. Waa hoyga '[[Natural horsemanship|horse whisperer]]' iyo [[bonesetter]], [[Tamme Hanken]]. == Duqa magaalada == Gerhard Bruns (CDU) waxaa loo doortay 2016 duqa magaalada sharafta leh ee Filsum.<ref>[http://buergerinfo.juemme.de/kp0040.php?__kgrnr=3 Gemeinderat Filsum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229090321/http://buergerinfo.juemme.de/kp0040.php?__kgrnr=3 |date=2016-12-29 }}, retrieved 29. December 2016.</ref> Wuxuu bedelay Margret Schulte-Cramer (CDU),<ref>[http://www.oz-online.de/-news/artikel/50039 OZ-Online: Eine glasklare Sache für die CDU], retrieved 29. Dezember 2016.</ref> waxay xafiiska joogtay 2011-2016. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.filsum.de German Language site for the municipality] * [[:de:Filsum|German Wikipedia]] {{Authority control}} 1egflbsxleyrbyr7sod375qaiiv5b4d 0 50668 304964 2026-08-12T13:12:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Fincken.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|21|00|N|12|25|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fincken in MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Röbel-Müritz |elevation = 70 |area = 34.95 |postal_code = 17209 |area_code = 039922 |licence = MÜR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 034 |website = [http://www.amt-roebel-mueritz.de www.amt-roebel-<br />mueritz.de] |mayor = Erich Nacke }} '''Fincken''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪŋkn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Degmada Fincken waxay ku taal Degmada Harada Mecklenburg ee aag buuraley ah, taas oo Eckersberg oo ah 96 mitir ka sarreysa heerka badda ay tahay barta ugu sarreysa. Degmada waxaa ku yaal webiga [[Elde]] oo ku sii qulqulaya harada Finckener. Magaalada [[Röbel]] waxay jirtaa qiyaastii laba iyo toban kilomitir. === Meelaha dadku ku nool yihiin === Fincken waxaa ku jira degmooyinka soo socda: * '''Fincken proper:''' Fincken, Käselin, Knüppeldamm * '''Jaebetz:''' Jaebetz, Dammwolde, Fichtental, Marienhof Dammwolde waxaa ku yaal Kaniisadda Evangelical Dammwolde ee taariikh ahaan xiisaha leh. == Taariikhda == Fincken waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1310 qandaraas dhex maray Amiirka [[Werle]] iyo [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]]. Waxaa ka mid ahaa milkiilayaasha tuulada ritter-yadii Grambow, qoysaskii Pritzbuer, Helmuth von Pederstorff iyo qoyskii sharafta lahaa von Blücher. Waqtiyadii qaar, waxaa jiray warshad dhalo ah oo ku taal degmada maanta ee Knüppeldamm. Kaniisadda Fincken waxay soo aaday 1748. Waxay u badan tahay inaysan jirin kaniisad kale oo ka tirsan kaniisadda dalka (''Landeskirche'') ee Mecklenburg, taas oo ay kireysay kaniisadda Protestant-ka bulshada. Si wadajir ah waxay si guul leh u soo saareen lacag si ay u ilaashadaan dhismaha, taasna waxaa ka dhashay, 2009, saqafka qolka kaniisadda waa la habeeyay. {| |[[File:Kirche Fincken.jpg|thumb|x200px|Church in Fincken]] |[[file:Kirche Fincken Detail.jpg|thumb|x190px|Church in Fincken – Interior]] |} Horraantii 1930-meeyadii Fincken iyo meelaha kale ee deegaanka waxaa la degay beeraley badan. Laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 2010, degmada Jaebetz waxaa lagu daray Fincken.<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> == Crest == Jaakada hubka waxaa naqshadeeyay farshaxaniistaha sawir-gacmeedka Werner Schinko oo ka yimid Röbel (1929–2016). Waxaa la ansixiyay 10 Luulyo 2000 Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha. Blazon: "In gold a red round barn with flat black conical roof, black truss in the upper wall portion and a closed black gate between two small black arched windows in the lower wall portion; including three (2:1) border blue finches, each with a golden eye ". == Goobaha lagu raaxeysto == [[File:Fincken Gutshaus 2009-07-16 Pan.jpg|thumb|200px|Fincken ''Gutshaus'' mansion]] [[File:Fincken Rundscheune 2009-07-16 152.jpg|thumb|200px|Fincken Round barn]] Wax aalaaba xiiso leh waa [[Gutshaus|Gutshaus]] mansion ee hore ee Fincken, kaas oo xilligii shuuciga loo isticmaali jiray guri fasax shaqo. Hadda waa la soo celiyay oo loo beddelay hudheel, laakiin hadda mar nữa waa madhan. Kavalierhaus ee m mansions-kii hore waxaa loo shaqeeyaa hudheel ahaan tan iyo 2010. Xabsiga wareegsan wuxuu ahaa bakhaar fardo oo hore oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 18-aad waxaana hadda ka dib dib-u-habeyn lagu sameeyay xarun bulsho. Dhawr boqol oo mitir oo bari ka xiga Fincken waxaa la soo bandhigay glacial erratic oo ku taal [[Bundesautobahn 19]]. Aagga ku xeeran Fincken waa la heli karaa iyada oo loo marayo waddooyinka socodka. == Gaadiidka == U dhow Fincken waxay ka gudubtaa wadada qaranka B 198 Bundesautobahn 19 (Wittstock-Rostock) iyadoo la sii marayo bixitaanka Röbel. Fincken waxay lahayd barta joogsiga ee khadka tareenka [[Ganzlin]]-Röbel. Taraafikada rakaabka ee waddada ayaa horey loo xiray 1966. Jidka waxaa la xiray 2012 waxaana la kala diray Janaayo 2013. Saldhigga tareenka ee ugu dhow ee rakaabka hadda wuxuu ku yaal [[Malchow]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} e8cgkhcw0hq78736yaeghfvbj22hvvz 0 50669 304965 2026-08-12T13:14:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|57|N|12|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Finkenthal_in_LRO.svg |image_photo = Finkenthal Kirche 2009-08-20 133.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisad ku taal Finkenthal |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Gnoien |elevation = 20 |area = 20.24 |postal_code = 17179 |area_code = 039971 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 031 |website = [http://www.amt-gnoien.de/ www.amt-gnoien.de] |mayor = Friedel Todzy }} '''Finkenthal''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 6l85r3lia8wq1i7m3dnybb5xxbljhnw 0 50670 304966 2026-08-12T13:16:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|12|N|11|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Finneland in BLK.svg |state = |district = Burgenlandkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = An der Finne |elevation = |area = 29.43 |postal_code = 06647 |area_code = 034465 |licence = BLK, HHM, NEB, NMB, WSF, ZZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 84 133 |divisions = 5 |mayor = Steffi Einecke<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 }} '''Finneland''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪnəlant}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Burgenlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa la aasaasay iyadoo la mideynayo degmooyinkii hore ee madaxbannaanaa [[Kahlwinkel]], [[Saubach]] iyo [[Steinburg, Saxony-Anhalt|Steinburg]], 1 Luulyo 2009.<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-januar-dezmber.html Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> Waxaa loogu magac daray Finne, oo ah saf buuro hoose ah oo u dhexeeya [[Heldrungen]] iyo [[Bad Sulza]]. [[File:Kahlwinkel church.jpg|thumb|left|Church and bell tower in Kahlwinkel]] {{clear-left}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} g0dsv6xxger22bqz6t4hxgesbrbn5me 0 50671 304967 2026-08-12T13:17:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Finningen COA.svg |image_photo = Finningen, die katholische Pfarrkirche Sankt. Martin DmD-7-73-150-7 foto5 2016-08-03 15.46.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Martin |coordinates = {{coord|48|39|N|10|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Finningen in DLG.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Dillingen |elevation = 495 |area = 27.82 |postal_code = 89435 |area_code = 09074 |licence = DLG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 73 150 |mayor = Klaus Friegel<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = }} '''Finningen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪnɪŋən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Dillingen (district)|Dillingen]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay u jirtaa 7&nbsp;km waqooyi kaga beegan [[Dillingen an der Donau|magaalada Dillingen]]. Tirada dadweynuhu waa 1206 (sida ay ahayd 2017). Magaaladu waxay xubin ka tahay [[Municipal association (Germany)|ururka degmada]] [[Höchstädt an der Donau]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} irgeu544vgwkikjwqqnqk9qcthaneqa 0 50672 304968 2026-08-12T13:19:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Finsing COA.svg |image_photo = Rathaus-Finsing.jpg |image_caption = Town hall |coordinates = {{coord|48|13|N|11|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Finsing in ED.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Erding |elevation = 480-540 |area = 23.18 |postal_code = 85464 |area_code = 08121 |licence = ED |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 77 118 |website = [https://www.finsing.de/ www.finsing.de] |mayor = Max Kressirer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Finsing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪnzɪŋ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Erding (district)|Erding]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 63b2oh67bi6erekiow4gehby7t3qqpa 304969 304968 2026-08-12T13:19:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Finsing COA.svg |image_photo = Rathaus-Finsing.jpg |image_caption = Hoolka dawladda hoose |coordinates = {{coord|48|13|N|11|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Finsing in ED.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Erding |elevation = 480-540 |area = 23.18 |postal_code = 85464 |area_code = 08121 |licence = ED |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 77 118 |website = [https://www.finsing.de/ www.finsing.de] |mayor = Max Kressirer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Finsing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪnzɪŋ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Erding (district)|Erding]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qabg9uadj2qgcvtfxx9vozfb1q1ssfj 0 50673 304970 2026-08-12T13:21:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fintel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|10|27|N|9|40|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fintel in ROW.svg |state = |district = Rotenburg (Wümme) |Samtgemeinde = Fintel |elevation = 43 |area = 36.14 |postal_code = 27389 |area_code = 04180, 04265 |licence = ROW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 57 015 |website = [http://www.fintel.de/ www.fintel.de] |mayor = Claus Aselmann |party = CDU }} '''Fintel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪntl̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rotenburg (district)|Rotenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]] waxayna leedahay ku dhowaad 3,000 oo deganayaal ah. Waxay ku taal webiyada [[Fintau]] iyo Ruschwede. == Taariikhda == Fintel waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Prince-Bishopric of Verden]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sanadkii 1648 Prince-Bishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Principality of Verden]], taas oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xukumay [[personal union]] oo ay la leedahay Boqortooyada Iswiidhan - oo ay ku dhex-jirtay qabsashadii Denmark (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] Crown. Sanadkii 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] ayaa ku dartay Principality-ga, ka hor intaysan [[First French Empire|France]] qabsan 1810. Sanadkii 1813 Principality-ga waxaa loo soo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], taas oo - ka dib kor u qaadisteeda [[Kingdom of Hanover]] 1814 - ku dartay Principality-ga [[real union]] waxaana dhulka Amiirka, oo ay ku jirto Fintel, uu qayb ka noqday [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]] ee cusub, oo la aasaasay 1823. == Siyaasadda == Fintel waa qayb ka mid ah ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Fintel (Samtgemeinde)|Fintel]], oo ay ku nool yihiin dad gaaraya 7,000. === Golaha deegaanka === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Xisbiga !! Kuraasta |- | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || 7 |- | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] || 6 |} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.fintel.de/ Official website] (in German) {{Authority control}} tubrqst5ni3o86d4yvareyvz1ybdchx 0 50674 304971 2026-08-12T13:22:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|53|20|N|7|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Firrel in LER.svg |state = |district = Leer |Samtgemeinde = Hesel |elevation = 6 |area = 8.26 |postal_code = 26835 |area_code = 0 49 46 |licence = LER |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 57 009 |mayor = Heinrich Hagedorn |party = CDU }} '''Firrel''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Leer (district)|Leer]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} i0r0lysrbxsd5o4tbtj92ulygztitdt 0 50675 304972 2026-08-12T13:24:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Fischbachtal.svg |image_photo = Schloss Lichtenberg Blick vom Bollwerk.jpg |image_caption = Qalcadda Lichtenberg |coordinates = {{coord|49|46|N|08|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fischbachtal in DA.svg |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = Darmstadt-Dieburg |elevation = 190-348 |area = 13.27 |postal_code = 64405 |area_code = 06166 |licence = DA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 32 007 |website = [https://www.fischbachtal.de/ www.fischbachtal.de] |mayor = Philipp Thoma<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;23 |party = SPD }} '''Fischbachtal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪʃbaxˌtaːl}}, {{lit|[[:de:Fischbach (Gersprenz)|Fischbach]] Valley}}) waa degmo ku taal koonfurta [[Hesse]] ([[Germany|Jarmalka]]) ee degmada [[Darmstadt-Dieburg]]. Degmadu waxay leedahay wadarta guud ee dadweynaha 2,686 deganayaal ah. Duqa magaalada ee hadda waxaa ah Philipp Thoma, oo la doortay 2017. == Juqraafiga == === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Fischbachtal waxay ka kooban tahay 6 tuulo: [[Billings, Hesse|Billings]], Lichtenberg, Meßbach, Niedernhausen (xarunta maamulka degmada), Nonrod und Steinau. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} j2ub4maaavd9ja55fbe65g0vi6n50p3 0 50676 304973 2026-08-12T13:26:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadtteil |Town = Bad Laasphe |name = Fischelbach |image_photo = Luftaufnahme von Fischelbach bei Bad Laasphe.jpg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|52|26|N|08|21|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Karte Bad Laasphe.gif |state = |region = Arnsberg |district = Siegen-Wittgenstein |elevation = 300 - 500 |area = 11.93 |population = 630 |population_as_of = 2011 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop>[https://www.citypopulation.de/de/germany/settlements/nordrheinwestfalen/siegen_wittgenstein/05970028x0KXK__fischelbach/ Fischelbach], citypopulation.de, accessed 27 September 2021.</ref> |postal_code = 57334 |area_code = 02752 }} '''Fischelbach''' waa qayb magaalo ka tirsan [[Bad Laasphe]] oo ku taal degmada [[Siegen-Wittgenstein]] ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]] waxayna leedahay 630 deganayaal ah (2011).<ref name=pop/> == Juqraafiga == Fischelbach waxay ku taal qaybta koonfureed ee Kreis-ka casriga ah (degmada) ee Siegen-Wittgenstein, 8&nbsp;km u jirta Bad Laasphe. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category-inline|Fischelbach}} {{authority control}} juv9r19a7051eikmrk5czk7cptmtcr3 0 50677 304974 2026-08-12T13:26:13Z Maxa rabtaa 46923 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367025063|Stoning of Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow]]" 304974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow | image = File:Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow.jpg | caption = [[YouTube]] Screenshot Memorial picture of Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow | birth_name = | birth_date = c. 1994-1995 | birth_place = | death_date = 27 October 2008 (aged 13) | death_place = [[Kismayo]], [[Somalia]] | death_cause = [[rajm|Execution by stoning]] | image_size = 250px }} 4oqvuo9z07493i04hl40rccnzni1la1 0 50678 304975 2026-08-12T13:27:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fischen im Allgäu COA.svg |image_photo = Fischen (Allgäu).jpg |image_caption = Fischen |coordinates = {{coord|47|27|N|10|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fischen im Allgäu in OA.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Oberallgäu |elevation = 761 |area = 13.57 |postal_code = 87538 |area_code = 08326 |licence = OA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 80 121 |mayor = Bruno Sauter<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |website = [http://www.fischen.de www.fischen.de] }} '''Fischen im Allgäu''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪʃn̩ ʔɪm ˈʔalɡɔʏ}}, {{lit|Fischen in the [[Allgäu]]}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Oberallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II]], xero hoose oo ka tirsan [[Dachau concentration camp]] ayaa ku tiil halkan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glosk.com/GM/Linde/17283/pages/List_of_subcamps_of_Dachau/84737_en.htm |title=Linde, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany - Pages - glosk |accessdate=November 1, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == <references/> {{Authority control}} 0qammq0mpuvyb76of5agsg0ic92wdkq 0 50679 304976 2026-08-12T13:29:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fischerbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|17|14|N|8|6|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fischerbach in OG.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Ortenaukreis |elevation = 276 |area = 20.29 |postal_code = 77716 |area_code = 07832 |licence = OG, BH, KEL, LR, WOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 17 029 |website = [https://www.fischerbach.de/ www.fischerbach.de] |mayor = Thomas Schneider<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2016&ndash;24 }} '''Fischerbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪʃɐbax}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ortenau (district)|Ortenau]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Magaalada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyay 1139. Tuuladu waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah kastaamka [[Gengenbach]] iyo "Herren von [[Wolfach]]" (qoys sharaf leh oo markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyay 1084) iyo hadhow waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Fürstenberg (principality)|Fürstenberg]] shire. 1806, Fischerbach waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Baden]], iyo ilaa 1973, Fischerbach waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah degmada [[Ortenau (district)|Ortenau]]. Maamul ahaan Fischerbach waa mid madaxbannaan. == Waxbarashada == Fischerbach waxay leedahay [[kindergarten]] iyo dugsi hoose iyo sidoo kale dugsi sare. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qgt0mcqen0kn2540vkva6itzd1d9j93 0 50680 304977 2026-08-12T13:31:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Gemeinde |name = Flieden |image_coa = DEU Flieden COA.svg |image_photo = Blick von der Steinkammer auf den Ort Rückers.JPG |image_caption = Tuulada Rückers, oo qayb ka ah Flieden |coordinates = {{coord|50|25|N|09|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Flieden in FD.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Fulda |elevation = 280 - 508 |area = 49.65 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06631008 |postal_code = 36103 |area_code = 0 66 55 |licence = FD |divisions = 9 districts |website = [http://www.flieden.de www.flieden.de] |mayor = Christian&nbsp;Henkel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;24 |party = CDU |year = before 806 }} '''Flieden''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Fulda (district)|Fulda]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Sida caadiga ah loogu yeero "Königreich" (Boqortooyo), waxaa laga yaabaa inay muujiso taaj ku yaal jaakaddeeda hubka. == Juqraafiga == Flieden waxay ku taal dooxada waqooyi galbeed ee [[Landrücken]] u dhaxeysa [[Vogelsberg Mountains|Vogelsberg]] iyo [[Rhön]]. Waa aag buuro hoose ah oo leh kor u kaca ugu sarreysa ee ah ''Knöschen'' u dhow Buchenrod (509&nbsp;m) iyo ''Storker Küppel'' u dhow Oberstork (470&nbsp;m). Bartamaha Flieden webiyada yar yar ''Magdloser Wasser'' und ''Kautzer Wasser'' waxay ku biiraan webiga [[Fliede]] kaas oo hadhow ku qulqula [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]]. Waqooyiga Flieden waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Neuhof, Hesse|Neuhof]] iyo bariga [[Kalbach]] labadaba degmada Fulda. Koonfurta iyo galbeedka Flieden waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Schlüchtern]] iyo [[Steinau an der Straße]] ([[Main-Kinzig-Kreis]]). Marka laga reebo degmada ugu weyn, Flieden waxay ka kooban tahay degmooyinka Berishof, Buchenrod, Döngesmühle, Federwisch, Fuldaische Höfe, Höf und Haid, Katzenberg, Kautz, Kellerei, Keutzelbuch, Langenau, Laugendorf, Leimenhof, Magdlos, [[Rückers]], Schweben, Stork (Ober- and Unterstork), Storker Hof, Struth iyo Weinberg. == Taariikhda == 806 Flieden waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay “Mark Flieden” deeq deeqeed oo la siiyay kaniisadda Fulda. Qarniyadii Dhexe Flieden waxay ku taalay [[Via Regia]] oo ka timid [[Frankfurt am Main]] ilaa [[Leipzig]] taas oo ahayd waddo dalka iyo militariga aad muhiim ugu ahayd [[Holy Roman Empire]]. 1868, [[Flieden station]] waxaa la furay [[Kinzig Valley Railway (Hesse)|Kinzig Valley Railway]]. Buuraha u dhexeeya Flieden iyo Schlüchtern waxay markii hore horseedeen go'aanka ah in la dhiso khadka [[Zig zag (railway)|zig zag]] si looga fogaado dhismaha qiyaastii 4&nbsp;km oo dherer ah oo marin biyood ah. Tani waxay u baahan tahay dhammaan tareenada mara inay ku noqdaan Elm, taas oo keentay in ciriirigu kordho iyadoo taraafikada ay kordhiso isku xirka [[Flieden–Gemünden railway]] ee khadka Elm 1873. Tiknoolajiyada dhismaha qodista ayaa si weyn u fiicnaatay bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, gaar ahaan helitaanka kordhay ee [[dynamite]]. Sida 1909 dhismaha marin-biyoodka Schlüchtern ayaa billowday Distelrasen hoostiisa; waxaa la dhammeeyay 14 Feebarwari 1914 waxaana la geliyay hawlgalka 1 May. 2009 tuubo labaad ayaa la furay waxaana marin-biyoodkii hore hadda dib loogu dhisayaa marin-biyood hal-jid ah. Dhamaadkii [[World War II]] qiyaastii 1000&nbsp;[[displaced persons]] oo ka yimid [[former eastern territories of Germany]] ayaa ku degay Flieden.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} === Tirakoobka === {| class="wikitable" |- class="hintergrundfarbe6" ! style="padding: 0 1.5em;" | Sanadka ! Dadka ! Fiiro gaar ah |- ! 1000 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | | style="font-size: 80%;" | 14 ''Liden'' and 23 ''Dreitagsfröner'' |- ! 1512 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | | style="font-size: 80%;" | 3 deganayaal |- ! 1516 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | | style="font-size: 80%;" | 93 deriska ah |- ! 1708 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 596 | |- ! 1791 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 2943 | style="font-size: 80%;" | approx. later large-scale community |- ! 1983 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 7846 | style="font-size: 80%;" | from now on a large-scale community |- ! 2004 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 8811 | |- ! 2005 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 8840 | |- ! 2006 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 8755 | |- ! 2007 | class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;" | 8717 | |- ! 2008 | class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;" | 8814 | |- ! 2009 | class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;" | 8644 | |} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.findcity.de/cgi-bin/start.pl?M=36103pb Map of Flieden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041724/http://www.findcity.de/cgi-bin/start.pl?M=36103pb |date=2007-09-27 }} (German) {{Authority control}} ghc65hrddgn77vwg3hvm4rzn3b8zq90 0 50681 304978 2026-08-12T13:32:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Flintsbach am Inn |image_coa = DEU Flintsbach am Inn COA.svg |image_photo = Flintsbach vom Petersberg-1.jpg |image_caption = Flintsbach oo laga arkay Petersberg |coordinates = {{coord|47|43|N|12|08|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Flintsbach am Inn in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 479 |area = 31.3 |postal_code = 83126 |area_code = 08034 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 131 |mayor = Stefan Lederwascher<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |website = [http://www.flintsbach.de/ www.flintsbach.de] }} '''Flintsbach am Inn''' ({{IPA|de|ˈflɪntsbax ʔam ˈʔɪn}}, {{lit|Flintsbach on the Inn}}; [[Central Bavarian]]: ''Flinschboch a.Inn'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka, oo ku taal webiga [[Inn (river)|Inn]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} gmys4acvwha8laqgukacr78rwisow9w 0 50682 304979 2026-08-12T13:34:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Flöha - the town as seen from the pomselberg (aka).jpg |image_caption = Flöha |image_coa = DEU Flöha COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|51|21|N|13|4|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Flöha in FG.png |state = |district = Mittelsachsen |elevation = 275 |area = 27.76 |postal_code = 09557 |area_code = 03726 |licence = FG, BED, DL, FLÖ, HC, MW, RL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14522140 |website = [https://www.floeha.de/ www.floeha.de] |mayor = Volker Holuscha<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = Linke }} '''Flöha''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfløːa|-|De-Flöha.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Mittelsachsen]], ee [[Saxony]], Jarmalka. Flöha waxay ku taal isgoyska webiyada [[Zschopau (river)|Zschopau]] iyo [[Flöha (river)|Flöha]], {{convert|10|km|2|abbr=on}} bariga [[Chemnitz]]. [[Flöha station]] waxay ku xirtaa magaalada Dresden, Chemnitz, Freiberg, Annaberg-Buchholz iyo meelo kale. == Taariikhda == Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii II ee Adduunka, xero hoose oo ka tirsan [[Flossenbürg concentration camp]] ayaa ku tiil Flöha.<ref>Christine O'Keefe. [http://www.tartanplace.com/tartanhistory/concentrationcamps.html ''Concentration Camps'']</ref> Flöha waxay liqday degmadii hore ee [[Falkenau]] 2011.<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2011.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2011], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> == Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada == * [[Lothar Kreyssig]] (1898–1986), aasaasaha [[Aktion Sühnezeichen]], waxaa ku dhashay Flöha * [[Anita Nüßner]] (1935–2025), doon-wadaha (oo ku dhashay Plaue) * [[Stefan Schmidt (footballer, born 1989)|Stefan Schmidt]] (dhashay 1989), goolhayaha kubadda cagta * [[Dieter Wiedemann]] (dhashay 1941), baaskiil-wadaha, waday [[1967 Tour de France]] == Shakhsiyaadka ka shaqeeyay magaalada == [[File:Samuel-von-Pufendorf-Jean-Barbeyrac-Le-droit-de-la-nature-et-des-gens MG 0992.tif|thumb|150px|Samuel-von-Pufendorf]] * [[Samuel von Pufendorf]] (1632–1694), faylasuuf sharci dabiici ah, taariikhyahan iyo macallin sharci dabiici ah iyo caalami ah, * [[Herbert Jobst]] (1915–1990), qoraa * [[Marcus Popp]] (dhashay 1981), ciyaaryahan kubbadda laliska == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{commons category|Flöha}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Floha}} lyd1jml7wlgog9c23oac2iykm6elf7g 0 50683 304980 2026-08-12T13:37:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Frankfurt-Flughafen |type = Quarter |City = Frankfurt am Main |coordinates = {{coord|50|03|40|N|08|33|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankfurt Stadtteil Flughafen.svg |plantext = Goobta ay ku taal Flughafen ('cas') iyo Ortsbezirk Süd ('cas khafiif ah') oo ku taal Frankfurt am Main |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = urban |elevation = |area = 20 |postal_code = 60549 |area_code = 069 |licence = F }} '''Frankfurt-Flughafen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfluːkˌhaːfn̩|-|De-Flughafen2.ogg}}, {{lit|Airport}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay ''[[Ortsbezirk (Frankfurt am Main)|Ortsbezirk]] Süd'' waxaana loo qaybiyaa ''Stadtbezirke'' Unterwald iyo Flughafen. Frankfurt-Flughafen waxay ka kooban tahay dhulka garoonka diyaaradaha oo dhan ee [[Frankfurt Airport]] taas oo degmada loogu magac daray. Iyadoo ay joogaan kaliya 218 deganayaal ah waa degmada ugu dadka yar (iyo ugu dadka yar cufnaanta) laakiin iyadoo ay ka shaqeeyaan 71,500 oo qof oo ku sugan ilaa 500 oo shirkadood oo garoonka ah (2010) waxay sidoo kale tahay degmada leh shaqaalaha ugu badan. Cilladaha tirakoobka awgeed, waxay sidoo kale haysataa [[per capita income]] ee ugu sarreysa magaalada. Frankfurt-Flughafen waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn xagga aagga ka dib [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]]. Waxay si buuxda u hareereysan tahay [[Frankfurt City Forest]]. Frankfurt-Flughafen kama maqna [[infrastructure]]: Degmada dhexdeeda waxaa ku yaal laba [[train station]] ([[Frankfurt Airport regional station]] iyo [[Frankfurt Airport long-distance station]]), dhowr hoteel, isbitaal, [[place of worship|goobaha cibaadada]] ee dhammaan [[major religious groups]], maqaaxiyo badan (oo ay ku jirto tan ugu weyn Yurub [[McDonald's]]) iyo dukaamo. == Dhaqaalaha == [[File:Einweihung der Condor Zentrale in Gateway Gardens (7138403399).jpg|thumb|Gateway Gardens, head office of [[Condor Airlines]] and [[SunExpress Deutschland]]]] Dhowr shirkadood waxay xafiiskooda ama xafiisyadooda ku leeyihiin aagga dhexdiisa, tusaale ahaan [[Fraport]] (hawlwadeenka garoonka), [[Lufthansa]], [[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]] iyo [[Star Alliance]]. Dhulka garoonka iyo aagga ku xeeran ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Frankfurt waxay bixiyaan noocyo kala duwan oo ganacsiyo garoonka dhexdiisa ah iyo sidoo kale ganacsiyo la xiriira garoonka, sida meelaha xafiisyada, hoteelada, meelaha dukaamaysiga, qolalka shirarka iyo meelaha baabuurta la dhigto. Horumarinta [[airport city]] ayaa si weyn kor ugu kacday sannadihii ugu dambeeyay. === Sheraton Hotel & Conference Center === [[Sheraton Hotels and Resorts]] waxay bixisaa 1,008 qolal marti ah oo ku xiga Terminal 1 iyo [[Convention center|xarun shirarka]] oo qaadaysa ilaa 200 oo ergay. === Frankfurt Airport Centers === The Frankfurt Airport Center 1 (FAC 1) oo u dhow Terminal 1 waxay bixisaa xafiisyo iyo tas-hiilaad shirarka, FAC 2 ee cusub waxay ku taal Terminal 2 dhexdeeda waxayna bixisaa meel xafiiseed oo loogu talagalay diyaaradaha. === Airport City Mall === The Airport City Mall waxay taal [[landside]] ee Terminal 1, hoolka bixitaanka B. Wax waxay bixisaa dukaamo tafaariiq ah oo qaran iyo kuwo caalami ah iyo dukaamo calaamado ah, supermarket iyo maqaaxiyo dhowr ah. === The Squaire === {{Main|The Squaire}} The Squaire waa dhisme xafiiseed oo leh wadarta guud ee dabaqa ah {{convert|140000|m2|sqft|-2|abbr=on}}. Waxaa si toos ah loogu xiray Terminal 1 iyada oo loo marayo marin isku xira oo loogu talagalay dadka lugeeya. Shirkadda xisaabaadka [[KPMG]], Lufthansa iyo laba [[Hilton Hotels & Resorts|Hilton Hotels]] (Hilton Garden Inn Frankfurt Airport <ref>https://www.hilton.com/en/hotels/fraapgi-hilton-garden-inn-frankfurt-airport/ Official Website</ref> oo leh 334 qolal iyo [[Hilton Frankfurt Airport]] oo leh 249 qolal) waxay degan yihiin boos ku yaal The Squaire. === Main Airport Center === The Main Airport Center, oo loogu magac daray [[Main (river)|webiga Main]], waa dhisme xafiiseed oo leh toban dabaq iyo ku dhowaad {{convert|51000|m2|sqft|-2|abbr=on}} oo ah boos xafiiseed. Waxay taal cidhifka Frankfurt City Forrest oo u dhow Terminal 2. === Gateway Gardens === Gateway Gardens, oo ka gudubta ''[[Bundesautobahn 3]]'' ee ka timaada [[Frankfurt Airport]],<ref name=Fairplay>"[http://www.fraport.com/cms/investor_relations/dokbin/291/291838.sustainability_report_2007.pdf Fairplay Sustainability Report 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725043622/http://www.fraport.com/cms/investor_relations/dokbin/291/291838.sustainability_report_2007.pdf |date=25 July 2011 }}." [[Fraport]]. 6. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> oo u dhow Terminal 2, waa aag hoy oo hore u ahaa [[United States Air Force]] shaqaalaha ka hawlgala [[Rhein-Main Air Base]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}<!--These details are unsourced--> Ka hor dib-u-horumarintiisa, dhulka Gateway Gardens wuxuu haystay hoy qoysaska ku sugan saldhig ciidan oo Mareykanka ah.<ref name=Fairplay/> Sida saldhigga cirka, aagga hoyga waxaa la xiray 2005.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} Laga soo bilaabo markaas aagga waxaa loo horumarinayaa goob ganacsi oo loogu talagalay shirkadaha la xiriira garoonka. Lufthansa waxay u rartay [[Airline meal|cunnada diyaaradda]] hoos timaada [[LSG Sky Chefs]] ilaa Gateway Gardens, [[Condor Flugdienst]] iyo [[SunExpress Deutschland]] waa xarunteeduna tahay halkan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunexpress.com/en/imprint/|title=Imprint|publisher=[[SunExpress]]|accessdate=2019-07-15|quote=SunExpress Gateway Gardens De-Saint-Exupéry-Straße 10 D-60549 Frankfurt am Main}}</ref> [[DB Schenker]], shirkadda saadka ee [[Deutsche Bahn]], ayaa hadda dhisaysa dhisme dheer oo gaaraya {{convert|66|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} Jannaayo 2010 Condor waxay qabatay dhagax-dhigista Gateway Gardens. Ralf Teckentrup, madaxa fulinta ee Condor, ayaa sheegay in xarunta cusub ay hawlaha shirkadda diyaaradaha u dhowayn doonto Garoonka Diyaaradaha Frankfurt. 380 shaqaale dhulka ah ayaa ka shaqayn doona dhismaha, tababarrada duulimaadka ka hor ee ku dhowaad 2,000 oo kaaliyeyaasha duulimaadka ah ayaa lagu qaban doonaa dhismaha.<ref name=Fairplay/> Groß & Partner iyo OFB Projektentwicklung ayaa horumariyay xarunta toddobada dabaq ah.<ref>"[http://www.gateway-gardens.de/en/areal/real_estate/condor.html CONDOR FLUGDIENST GMBH] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725081316/http://www.gateway-gardens.de/en/areal/real_estate/condor.html |date=25 July 2011 }}." Gateway Gardens. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> Dhismaha {{convert|14600|sqm|sqft|adj=on}} wuxuu ku yaal inta u dhaxeysa beerta iyo barxadda dhexe, ee aagga "Quartier Mondo" ee Gateway Gardens. Waxay leedahay xarunta shirkadda Condor, xarun tababar iyo waxbarasho oo leh [[flight simulator]], iyo xarunta hawlaha duulimaadka ee shirkadda diyaaradaha. {{convert|2700|sqm|sqft}} dhismaha waxaa ku jira qaybo yar yar oo kiraysan kiraystayaasha kale iyo maqaaxi iyo maqaaxi dabaqa koowaad ee dhismaha. Dhismaha waxaa la furay gu'gii 2012.<ref name="NewHQ">"[http://www.fraport.de/cms/produkte_services/dokbin/446/446743.aviation_world_1_2011.pdf Construction of Condor’s new headquarters begin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524030033/http://www.fraport.de/cms/produkte_services/dokbin/446/446743.aviation_world_1_2011.pdf |date=2011-05-24 }}." ''Aviation World''. [[Fraport]]. January 2011. 15. Retrieved on May 28, 2011.</ref> <gallery> File:AirportFrankfurt fromair 2010-09-19.jpg|Frankfurt Airport from the air (2010) File:Zeichen 310 - Ortstafel Flughafen, Frankfurt am Main, 2007.jpg|Welcome sign to the district File:The Squaire, Frankfurt am Main-1060.jpg|Office building [[The Squaire]] File:Frankfurter (Main) Flughafen Regionalbahnhof- auf Bahnsteig zu Gleis 3- S-Bahn Rhein-Main 420 227-8 18.10.2009.jpg|Frankfurt Airport regional station </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons|Flughafen Frankfurt am Main}} {{Wiktionary|Flughafen}} {{Portal|Germany}} *[http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=3556 Frankfurt-Flughafen at Frankfurt.de] {{DEFAULTSORT:Flughafen (Frankfurt Am Main)}} 58ns445xl3oebe570wafh5mo101kzvb 0 50684 304981 2026-08-12T13:38:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50.66658|7.6266|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fluterschen in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 270 |area = 3.36 |postal_code = 57614 |area_code = 02681 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 033 |website = {{url|http://www.fluterschen.de/}} |mayor = Ralf Lichtenthäler<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Fluterschen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Horraantii 2011, soo bixitaankii kiis xadgudub carruur oo socday sannado badan ayaa keenay Fluterschen cinwaano qaran oo ku baahsan Jarmalka oo dhan, iyo si ka yar, heer caalami ah. == Gaadiidka == Fluterschen waxay ku xiran tahay khadadka basaska deegaanka 121, 122 iyo 126 waxayna ku taal aagga ururka gaadiidka Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM), aagga lambarkiisu yahay 905. Saldhigga tareenka ee ugu dhow waa [[Altenkirchen (Westerw) station]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} r5uf0rzd91di7hdj9xf198loo0oq3t2 0 50685 304982 2026-08-12T13:40:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Fockbek.png |image_coa = DEU Fockbek COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|18|18|N|9|36|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fockbek in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Fockbek |elevation = 12 |area = 26.65 |postal_code = 24787 |area_code = 04331, 04335 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 054 |website = [http://www.fockbek.de/ www.fockbek.de] |mayor = Pierre Gilgenast |party = SPD }} '''Fockbek''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɔkbeːk}}; {{langx|da|Fokbæk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 5&nbsp;km galbeed ee [[Rendsburg]]. Fockbek waxa si fiican looga yaqaanaa [[Schleswig-Holstein]] oo dhan sheekada [[:nds:Aalversuper|Aalversupers]] (quuqiyeyaasha eel-ka) waana guriga soo-saaraha [[Caravan (towed trailer)|caravan]] ee adduunka ugu weyn "[[:de:Hobby-Wohnwagenwerk|Hobby Wohnwagen]]". Fockbek waa xarunta ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Fockbek (Amt)|Fockbek]]. == Dadka == * [[Ernst Voss]] (1822-1920), dhisaha markabka Jarmalka iyo aasaasaha shirkadda [[Blohm+Voss]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * BBC's h2g2 features an [https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A47229357 article] mentioning the eel drowners tale {{Authority control}} buwm46j9hrh64sdwp5y9ofr1b45vido 0 50686 304983 2026-08-12T13:41:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|3|N|12|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fockendorf in ABG.png |state = |district = Altenburger Land |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Pleißenaue |elevation = 155-166 |area = 8.83 |postal_code = 04617 |area_code = 034343 |licence = ABG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 77 005 |divisions = 2 |mayor = Karsten Jähnig<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Fockendorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Altenburger Land]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} nnzuhh45vb5edbugr9teb4355fza8g4 0 50687 304984 2026-08-12T13:43:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Föhrden-Barl.gif |image_coa = DEU Föhrden-Barl COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|55|48|N|9|47|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Föhrden-Barl in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Bad Bramstedt-Land |elevation = 6 |area = 9.23 |postal_code = 25563 |area_code = 04822 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 021 |website = [http://www.amt-bad-bramstedt-land.de/ www.amt-bad-<br />bramstedt-land.de] |mayor = Hans Jochen Hasselmann |party = }} '''Föhrden-Barl''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fohrden-Barl}} 517psls9tf16azervh61i91viy8xn0o 0 50688 304985 2026-08-12T13:44:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Föhren COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|51|29|N|6|46|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Föhren in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Schweich an der Römischen Weinstraße |elevation = 205 |area = 9.79 |postal_code = 54343 |area_code = 06502 |licence = TR, SAB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 026 |website = [https://www.gemeinde-foehren.de gemeinde-foehren.de] |mayor = Rosi Radant<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Föhren''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fohren}} keqh4wgg4oplhshruewlp7riv3a9r8p 0 50689 304986 2026-08-12T13:45:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Fölsen |type = Stadtteil |Town = Willebadessen |image_photo = |coordinates = {{Coord|51|37|N|9|05|E|display=it|region:DE_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} |state = |region = Detmold |district = Höxter |elevation = |area = |population = 214 |population_as_of = 2021 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www.willebadessen.de/de/stadtportrait/stadtteile.php |title=13 Stadtteile stellen sich vor|publisher=Stadt Willebadessen|access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> |postal_code = |area_code = |licence = |year = |plantext = Location of Fölsen within Willebadessen |image_plan = Willebadessen Ortsteile Fölsen.svg |website = }} '''Fölsen''' waa [[village|tuulo]] yar oo ku taal [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]] oo leh ku dhowaad 200 deganayaal ah. Waa qayb ka mid ah magaalada [[Willebadessen]]. == Goobta == Fölsen waxay ku taal mid ka mid ah dooxooyinka dhinaca ee webiga [[Nethe]]. == Soojiidashada == Fölsen waa kaniisadda madaxa ee Niesen iyo Helmern. Waxay leedahay [[pub]] yar, oo ku taal barxadda tuulada, iyo juga kaniisad taariikhi ah. Tuulada waxaa ku taal koox dab-damis oo tabaruc ah oo si buuxda u shaqaynaysa, taas oo ahayd inay hesho gaari dab-damis oo cusub oo [[Mercedes-Benz]] ah 2008, oo beddelaya Ford Transit-koodii 1983 ee hore. == Madadaalada == Fölsen waxay leedahay naadiyo iyo ururo badan oo kala duwan: * SV Fölsen (naadi ci B. isboortiga) * FFW Fölsen (kooxda dab-damiska tabaruca ah) * KLJB Fölsen (ururka dhalinyarada) * Männergesangsverein (bulshada gabayada ragga) * Blaubären Fölsen (naadiga taageerayaasha kooxda kubadda cagta Bundesliga Schalke 04) * Schnakkencrew (urur aan diiwaashanayn) * Männerstammtisch (urur aan diiwaashanayn) == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Folsen}} 0uf4sarfp2qdub9tqcw1ja0xve8ighk 0 50690 304987 2026-08-12T13:47:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|N|7|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Forstmehren in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 242 |area = 1.61 |postal_code = 57635 |area_code = 02686 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 035 |website = [http://www.forstmehren.de/ www.forstmehren.de] |mayor = Steffen Weser<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Forstmehren''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} agrfjhhiygu3sf5pfvt88qxmr6fsavq 0 50691 304988 2026-08-12T13:48:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Framersheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|45|29|N|8|10|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Framersheim in AZ.svg |state = |district = Alzey-Worms |Verbandsgemeinde = Alzey-Land |elevation = 171 |area = 9.31 |postal_code = 55234 |area_code = 06733 |licence = AZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 31 026 |website = [http://www.framersheim.de/ www.framersheim.de] |mayor = Felix Schmidt<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Alzey-Worms], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Framersheim''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadajir ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Alzey-Worms]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Rhenish Hesse]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Alzey-Land|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Alzey-Land]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Alzey]]. === Degmooyinka deriska ah === Deriska Framersheim waa [[Alzey]]-Schafhausen, [[Dittelsheim-Heßloch]], [[Gau-Heppenheim]] iyo [[Gau-Odernheim]]. == Taariikhda == 775, Framersheim waxay markii ugu horreysay heshay xuso dukumiinti ah markii dukumenti ka yimid [[Lorsch Abbey]] uu xusay beero canab ah oo ku yaal Framersheim. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo la doortay doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. Doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinkan soo socda:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3310102600.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="450" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center" | || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || [[Free Voters|FWG]] || Zink || '''Total''' |- align="center" | 2009 || 4 || 2 || 7 || 3 || 16 seats |} === Duqeyda magaalada === * (1945–1946) Johann Beckenbach * (1989–2004) Frank Zink * (2004–2019) Ulrich Armbrüster * (2019–today) Felix Schmidt === Jaakadda hubka === Degmada [[Coat of arms|hubka]] waxaa lagu sifeeyn karaa sidan: Sable khaanad-koofiyad ah argent oo dhinac kasta laga dhex muday xadhig gules ah, lafteedu ha ahaato mid isku xidhan dhammaadka kasta oo hal mar ku jirta saldhigga. "Khaanad-koofiyadda" (''Kesselhut'' ee [[German language|Jarmalka]]) waxay u muuqataa inay mar ahayd mid caadi ah. Wax ka muuqatay shaabaddu tuulada horraantii 1459. Waxay noqon kartaa [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] qoyska Kessler von Sarmsheim ee haystay qalcadda deegaanka [[Middle Ages]].<ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/f/framersh.htm Description and explanation of Framersheim’s arms]</ref> == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Ganacsiyada samaynta khamriga ee deegaanka, ganacsiga waxaa qabta waxa loogu yeero is-suuqgeeyayaal, kuwaas oo inta badan badeecadooda u suuqgeeya si toos ah isticmaaleyaasha ugu dambeeya. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.framersheim.de/ Municipality’s official webpage] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} dehl8vwhp0yrwrtl345zkrdw3auxxad 0 50692 304989 2026-08-12T13:50:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Francop |name_local = |image_photo = Willkommen Altes Land Francop03.jpg |image_caption = |type = Quarter |City = Hamburg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|30|00|N|9|51|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = Harburg, Hamburg |divisions = |Bürgermeistertitel = |mayor = |area = 9.1 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|Francop}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = |area_code = 040 |licence = HH |year = |plantext = |image_plan = Francop in HH.svg }} '''Francop''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaŋkoːp}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan degmada [[Harburg, Hamburg|Harburg]] ee [[Hamburg|Magaalada xorta ah iyo hanseatikada ee Hamburg]] ee waqooyiga [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Sannadkii 2020 tirada dadku waxay ahayd 711. == Taariikhda == Francop, oo malaha la aasaasay qarnigii 12-aad dhexdooda, waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay - xagga dowladdeeda - [[Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo la aasaasay 1180.<ref name="Schütz 1995 270seq">Michael Schütz, „Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: ''Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser'': 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-7-5}}), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-8-2}}), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-9-9}}), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 263–278, here pp. 270seq. {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-8-2}}.</ref> Xagga diinta dhowridda, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Francop waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Diocese of Verden|Roman Catholic Diocese of Verden]] ilaa ka dib 166asaaskoodii bishops-ka luntay aqoonsiga baabaha, marka laga reebo bishopkii ugu dambeeyay ee Katooliga laga soo bilaabo 1630 ilaa 1631, siday u kala horreeyaan.<ref name="Schütz 1995 270seq"/> 1648 Amiir-Archbishopric-kii waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], oo markii ugu horreysay ay xukumaysay [[personal union]] oo ay hayeen Boqortooyada Iswiidhan iyo laga bilaabo 1715 waxaa xukumaysay Taajka Hanofarka. 1823 Dukhtarkii waa la burburiyay oo dhulkiisii wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]]. 1932 Francop iyo tuulooyin kale oo Bariga ka xiga [[Este (river)|Este]] waxaa lagu daray [[Harburg (district)|County of Harburg]] ee waqtigaas [[Lüneburg (region)|Lunenburg Region]]. Markii uu dhacay sharcigii [[Greater Hamburg Act]] ee 1937 Francop waxaa lagu daray gobolka Hamburg, waxaana si degmo ah loogu dhex daray degmada midaysan ee Hamburg (Einheitsgemeinde Hamburg) 1 Abriil 1938. == Juqraafiga == [[File:Francop - Hohenwischer Str 277.jpg|thumb|left|Timber framed farm – the oldest house in Francop (17th century)]] 2008 sida uu qabo xafiiska tirakoobka ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein, xaafaddu waxay leedahay wadarta guud ee aagga 9.1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="fact 2008">Residents registration office, source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> Francop waxay qayb ka tahay aagga [[Altes Land]] (dalkii hore ama dhulkii hore). Dhanka waqooyi waa xaafadda [[Finkenwerder]] ee degmada [[Hamburg-Mitte]], dhanka bariga waa xaafadda [[Altenwerder]], [[Moorburg]], iyo [[Hausbruch]]. Francop waxay xuduud la leedahay koonfurta [[Neugraben-Fischbek]] iyo galbeedka [[Neuenfelde]]. == Tirakoobka dadka == 2008 634 qof ayaa ku noolaa xaafadda Francop. Cufnaanta dadku waxay ahayd {{convert|70|PD/sqkm|0|abbr=on}}. 17.1% waxay ahaayeen carruur ka yar da'da 18, 19.4% waxay ahaayeen 63 sano ama ka weyn, iyo 3.3% waxay ahaayeen muhaajiriin. 15 qof ayaa loo diiwaan geliyay inay shaqo la'aan yihiin.<ref name="fact 2008"/> 1999, waxaa jiray 322 qoys, kuwaas oo 24.8% ay lahaayeen carruur da'doodu ka yar tahay 18 oo la nool, iyo 34.8% dhammaan qoysaska waxaa ka koobnaa shakhsiyaad. Celceliska cabbirka qoysku wuxuu ahaa 2.3.<ref>Source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (1999)</ref> '''Tirada dadka sanad walba''' <ref name="fact 2008"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 1987 || 1988 || 1989 || 1990 || 1991 || 1992 || 1993 || 1994 || 1995 || 1996 || 1997 || 1998 || 1999 |- | 725 || 737 || 732 || 748 || 753 || 740 || 719 || 707 || 721 || 701 || 713 || 721 || 721 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 2000 || 2001 || 2002 || 2003 || 2004 || 2005 || 2006 || 2007 || 2008 |- | 726 || 698 || 704 || 701|| 674 || 662 || 639 || 636 || 634 |} == Siyaasadda == Kuwani waa natiijooyinka Francop ee [[Hamburg Parliament|doorashada gobolka Hamburg]]: {| class="wikitable" |- !Doorashada ! [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] ! [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] ! [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]] ! [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] ! [[The Left (Germany)|Left]] ! [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] ! Kuwa kale |- |2020 |'''46,5 %''' |24,2 % |10,3 % |{{0}}6,0 % |{{0}}3,2 % |{{0}}3,1 % |{{0}}6,7 % |- |2015 |'''41,0 %''' |26,3 % |{{0}}6,1 % |{{0}}4,3 % |{{0}}6,0 % |13,9 % |{{0}}2,4 % |- |2011 |'''45,4 %''' |31,5 % |{{0}}4,5 % |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}1,5 % |13,7 % |{{0}}3,4 % |- |2008 |25,9 % |'''59,3 %''' |{{0}}4,5 % |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}3,1 % |{{0}}5,5 % |{{0}}1,7 % |- |2004 |23,5 % |'''59,3 %''' |{{0}}6,6 % |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}3,7 % |{{0}}6,9 % |- |2001 |23,0 % |'''38,1 %''' |{{0}}5,2 % |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}0,3 % |{{0}}9,0 % |24,4 % |- |1997 |'''36,8 %''' |35,8 % |{{0}}9,0 % |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}0,0 % |{{0}}4,7 % |13,7 % |- |1993 |'''38,7 %''' |36,4 % |{{0}}6,6 % |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}5,9 % |12,4 % |- |1991 |43,2 % |'''46,2 %''' |{{0}}3,6 % |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}0,0 % |{{0}}3,0 % |{{0}}4,0 % |- |1987 |39,7 % |'''52,4 %''' |{{0}}3,2 % |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}4,5 % |{{0}}0,2 % |- |1986 |35,3 % |'''52,9 %''' |{{0}}6,3 % |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}4,0 % |{{0}}1,5 % |- |Dec. 1982 |38,8 % |'''52,8 %''' |{{0}}5,6 % |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}2,8 % |{{0}}0,0 % |- |Jun. 1982 |32,1 % |'''56,5 %''' |{{0}}8,1 % |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}2,8 % |{{0}}0,5 % |- |1978 |42,6 % |'''49,6 %''' |{{0}}1,5 % |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}4,9 % |{{0}}1,4 % |- |1974 |34,9 % |'''52,0 %''' |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |11,7 % |{{0}}1,4 % |- |1970 |'''44,7 %''' |41,2 % |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}7,8 % |{{0}}6,3 % |- |1966 |39,5 % |'''48,4 %''' |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |style="text-align:center"| – |{{0}}7,1 % |{{0}}5,0 % |} == Fiiro gaar ah == {{reflist}} === Tixraac === {{refbegin}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080617222809/http://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/regional/regional.php Statistical office Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein] Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein, official website {{in lang|de}} {{refend}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline|Hamburg-Francop|Francop}} {{Authority control}} c03vr89w7im0wexhd804f8974b96309 0 50693 304992 2026-08-12T13:52:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Frankenau COA.svg |image_photo = Frankenau Kirche hinten.jpg |image_caption = [[Neo-Gothic architecture|Neo-Gothic]] church |coordinates = {{coord|51|06|N|08|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankenau in KB.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Waldeck-Frankenberg |elevation = 430 |area = 57.29 |postal_code = 35109–35110 |area_code = 06455 |licence = KB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 35 010 |divisions = 6 [[Stadtteil]]e |website = [https://www.frankenau.de/ www.frankenau.de] |mayor = Manuel Steiner<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Frankenau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaŋkənaʊ|-|De-Frankenau.ogg}}) waa magaal yar oo ku taal degmada [[Waldeck-Frankenberg]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Frankenau waxay ku taal buuraha [[Kellerwald]] ee koonfur galbeed ee Talgang (buur dhererkeedu yahay 566&nbsp;m). Waxaa laga helaa cidhifka koonfureed ee Beerta Qaranka Kellerwald-Edersee oo ku taal hareeraha sare ee Lorfebach, oo ah gacan-biyeed ku socda [[Eder (Fulda)|Eder]]. Frankenau waxay u jirtaa 10&nbsp;km bariga [[Frankenberg, Hesse|Frankenberg]], iyo 33&nbsp;km waqooyi bari ee [[Marburg]]. === Degmooyinka deriska ah === Frankenau waxay xuduud la leedahay dhanka waqooyi degmada [[Vöhl]], dhanka bariga degmada [[Edertal]] iyo magaalada [[Bad Wildungen]], dhanka koonfureed degmada [[Haina]], iyo dhanka galbeed magaalada [[Frankenberg, Hesse|Frankenberg]] (dhammaantood waxay ku jiraan Waldeck-Frankenberg). === Degmooyinka hooseeya === Magaalada Frankenau waxay ka kooban tahay xarumaha Allendorf, Altenlotheim, Dainrode, Ellershausen iyo Louisendorf. == Taariikhda == Frankenau iyo magaaladeeda deriska ah ee Frankenberg waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay soo baxeen waqtiyadii [[Franks|Frankish]]. Aagga waxaa mar deganaa [[Chatti]]. Meesha dhabta ah ee Frankenau waxaa loo dhisay sidii [[Saxons|Saxons]] qalcad xadka ah. Aasaaska magaalada waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu dhacay inta u dhaxeeya 500 iyo 750, iyadoo xuquuqda magaalada dib loogu siiyay [[Heinrich Raspe]], [[Landgrave]] ee [[Thuringia]], 1242. Dukumentigii ugu da'da badnahaa ee badbaaday ee ku saabsan Frankenau waxaa la soo saaray 4 Abriil 1266 wuxuuna xaqiijinayaa bixinta xuquuqda magaalada. Frankenau waxay qarniyo badan ahayd magaalo beeralay ah oo sabool ah, yar. Masiibo culus ayaa ku dhacday dadka magaalada 22 Abriil 1865 markii ku dhowaad dhammaan magaalada ay ku gubatay dab. Dadaal xoog leh oo ay sameeyeen dadka magaalada, magaalada dib ayaa loo dhisay. Maanta, Frankenau waa, iyada oo ah magaalo loo asteeyay in lagu nasto, mid ka mid ah xarumaha ciidaha ee Waldeck-Frankenberg waxaana sidoo kale ahayd tan iyo horraantii 1970-meeyadii xarunta ugu weyn ee degmada weyn ee markaas la dhisay. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha magaalada === {{update section|date=July 2021}} 23-ka kursi ee golaha magaalada ayaa loo qaybiyay sida soo socota, iyadoo la raacayo doorashadii golaha ee la qabtay 26 March 2006: {| cellpadding="2" style="width:200px; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;" | style="text-align:left;" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || 13 seats |- | style="text-align:left;" | Freie Bürger || 6 seats |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] || 4 seats |} <small>Xusuusin: ''Freie Bürger'' ("Muwadiniinta Xorta ah") waa isbahaysi muwaadiniin ah.</small> === Jaakadda hubka === [[Coat of arms|Hubka]] rayidka ah ee Frankenau waxaa si hubaal ah loogu sifeeyn karaa sidan: In gules a lion rampant Or armed and langued azure. [[File:Coat of arms of Hesse.svg|50px|right|Hesse's arms with the lion of Hesse]] Shaabadaha ugu da'da badna ee Frankenau ee la yaqaano waxay soo taariikhaysan yihiin qarnigii 16-aad dhexdiisa waxayna muujiyeen libaaxii Hesse, oo wata xariijimo cas iyo lacag ah oo caadi ah sida ka muuqata jaakadda hubka ee Hesse ee dhanka midig, iyo runtii jaakadaha hubka rayidka ah ee badan ee ku baahsan Hesse. Midabada hadda jira - oo ay ku jirto buluugga heraldically aan caadiga ahayn ee carrabka libaaxa - waxay isticmaalayeen ugu yaraan tan iyo 1605.[http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/f/frankena.htm] === Iskaashiga magaalooyinka === * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Die, Drôme|Die]], ''département'' ee [[Drôme]], [[France|Faransiiska]], tan iyo 1991 * {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Wirksworth]], [[Derbyshire]], [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]], tan iyo 2006 Iskaashigu waa hab saddex dhinac ah, iyadoo Die iyo Wirksworth ay sidoo kale iskaashi la leeyihiin midba the other. == Shakhsiyaadka == Frankenau waa meesha ay ku dhalatay falanqeeyaha maskaxda, qoraaga iyo [[Dadaism]] aasasaha [[Richard Huelsenbeck]] (1892-1974). == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Authority control}} bxbirmdwbl33etjmruz7hzh7lwtz5lq 304993 304992 2026-08-12T13:53:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Frankenau COA.svg |image_photo = Frankenau Kirche hinten.jpg |image_caption =[[Naqshadeynta Neo-Gothic|Neo-Gothic]] kaniisad |coordinates = {{coord|51|06|N|08|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankenau in KB.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Waldeck-Frankenberg |elevation = 430 |area = 57.29 |postal_code = 35109–35110 |area_code = 06455 |licence = KB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 35 010 |divisions = 6 [[Stadtteil]]e |website = [https://www.frankenau.de/ www.frankenau.de] |mayor = Manuel Steiner<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Frankenau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaŋkənaʊ|-|De-Frankenau.ogg}}) waa magaal yar oo ku taal degmada [[Waldeck-Frankenberg]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Frankenau waxay ku taal buuraha [[Kellerwald]] ee koonfur galbeed ee Talgang (buur dhererkeedu yahay 566&nbsp;m). Waxaa laga helaa cidhifka koonfureed ee Beerta Qaranka Kellerwald-Edersee oo ku taal hareeraha sare ee Lorfebach, oo ah gacan-biyeed ku socda [[Eder (Fulda)|Eder]]. Frankenau waxay u jirtaa 10&nbsp;km bariga [[Frankenberg, Hesse|Frankenberg]], iyo 33&nbsp;km waqooyi bari ee [[Marburg]]. === Degmooyinka deriska ah === Frankenau waxay xuduud la leedahay dhanka waqooyi degmada [[Vöhl]], dhanka bariga degmada [[Edertal]] iyo magaalada [[Bad Wildungen]], dhanka koonfureed degmada [[Haina]], iyo dhanka galbeed magaalada [[Frankenberg, Hesse|Frankenberg]] (dhammaantood waxay ku jiraan Waldeck-Frankenberg). === Degmooyinka hooseeya === Magaalada Frankenau waxay ka kooban tahay xarumaha Allendorf, Altenlotheim, Dainrode, Ellershausen iyo Louisendorf. == Taariikhda == Frankenau iyo magaaladeeda deriska ah ee Frankenberg waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay soo baxeen waqtiyadii [[Franks|Frankish]]. Aagga waxaa mar deganaa [[Chatti]]. Meesha dhabta ah ee Frankenau waxaa loo dhisay sidii [[Saxons|Saxons]] qalcad xadka ah. Aasaaska magaalada waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu dhacay inta u dhaxeeya 500 iyo 750, iyadoo xuquuqda magaalada dib loogu siiyay [[Heinrich Raspe]], [[Landgrave]] ee [[Thuringia]], 1242. Dukumentigii ugu da'da badnahaa ee badbaaday ee ku saabsan Frankenau waxaa la soo saaray 4 Abriil 1266 wuxuuna xaqiijinayaa bixinta xuquuqda magaalada. Frankenau waxay qarniyo badan ahayd magaalo beeralay ah oo sabool ah, yar. Masiibo culus ayaa ku dhacday dadka magaalada 22 Abriil 1865 markii ku dhowaad dhammaan magaalada ay ku gubatay dab. Dadaal xoog leh oo ay sameeyeen dadka magaalada, magaalada dib ayaa loo dhisay. Maanta, Frankenau waa, iyada oo ah magaalo loo asteeyay in lagu nasto, mid ka mid ah xarumaha ciidaha ee Waldeck-Frankenberg waxaana sidoo kale ahayd tan iyo horraantii 1970-meeyadii xarunta ugu weyn ee degmada weyn ee markaas la dhisay. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha magaalada === {{update section|date=July 2021}} 23-ka kursi ee golaha magaalada ayaa loo qaybiyay sida soo socota, iyadoo la raacayo doorashadii golaha ee la qabtay 26 March 2006: {| cellpadding="2" style="width:200px; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;" | style="text-align:left;" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || 13 seats |- | style="text-align:left;" | Freie Bürger || 6 seats |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] || 4 seats |} <small>Xusuusin: ''Freie Bürger'' ("Muwadiniinta Xorta ah") waa isbahaysi muwaadiniin ah.</small> === Jaakadda hubka === [[Coat of arms|Hubka]] rayidka ah ee Frankenau waxaa si hubaal ah loogu sifeeyn karaa sidan: In gules a lion rampant Or armed and langued azure. [[File:Coat of arms of Hesse.svg|50px|right|Hesse's arms with the lion of Hesse]] Shaabadaha ugu da'da badna ee Frankenau ee la yaqaano waxay soo taariikhaysan yihiin qarnigii 16-aad dhexdiisa waxayna muujiyeen libaaxii Hesse, oo wata xariijimo cas iyo lacag ah oo caadi ah sida ka muuqata jaakadda hubka ee Hesse ee dhanka midig, iyo runtii jaakadaha hubka rayidka ah ee badan ee ku baahsan Hesse. Midabada hadda jira - oo ay ku jirto buluugga heraldically aan caadiga ahayn ee carrabka libaaxa - waxay isticmaalayeen ugu yaraan tan iyo 1605.[http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/f/frankena.htm] === Iskaashiga magaalooyinka === * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Die, Drôme|Die]], ''département'' ee [[Drôme]], [[France|Faransiiska]], tan iyo 1991 * {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Wirksworth]], [[Derbyshire]], [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]], tan iyo 2006 Iskaashigu waa hab saddex dhinac ah, iyadoo Die iyo Wirksworth ay sidoo kale iskaashi la leeyihiin midba the other. == Shakhsiyaadka == Frankenau waa meesha ay ku dhalatay falanqeeyaha maskaxda, qoraaga iyo [[Dadaism]] aasasaha [[Richard Huelsenbeck]] (1892-1974). == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Authority control}} hb7s0ydh1oz0il3zbzj554usj5hs8hf 0 50694 304994 2026-08-12T13:54:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = Effelder-Schloss.jpg |image_caption = Town hall |image_coa = DEU Frankenblick COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|22|N|11|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankenblick in SON.svg |state = |district = Sonneberg |elevation = 395 |area = 60.65 |postal_code = 96528 |area_code = 03675, 036766 |licence = SON, NH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 72 023 |website = {{URL|www.frankenblick.eu}} |mayor = Ute Müller-Gothe<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = CDU }} '''Frankenblick''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaŋkn̩ˌblɪk}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Sonneberg (district)|Sonneberg]] ee [[Thuringia]], Jarmalka. Frankenblick waxaa la dhisay 1 Janaayo 2012 iyadoo ay midoobeen degmooyinkii hore [[Effelder-Rauenstein]] iyo [[Mengersgereuth-Hämmern]]. Maanta, waxay ka kooban tahay degmooyinka Effelder, Rauenstein, Grümpen, Seltendorf, Rabenäußig, Rückerswind, Meschenbach, Döhlau iyo Mengersgereuth-Hämmern.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.frankentourismus.de/orte/frankenblick-951/|title=Frankenblick|publisher=Tourismusverband Franken e.V.|language=de|accessdate=18 October 2018}}</ref> ==Sawirada== <gallery> File:Effelder-Kirche.jpg|Effelder church File:Rauenstein19092011 (30).jpg|Rauenstein ruin File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-57903-0001, LPG Seltendorf, Ernte, Kontrolle des Korns.jpg|Fritz Müller (centre), chairman of the [[Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft|Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft Seltendorf]] with MTS-Brigadier Georg Stenzel (left) and [[Agricultural science|agricultural engineer]] Karl Reichenbacher, August 1958. </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} ayzwhbg1sy86q3zk3coisajlcly4h20 0 50695 304995 2026-08-12T13:56:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Frankendorf |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|58|6|N|11|26|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankendorf in AP.png |state = |district = Weimarer Land |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mellingen |elevation = 270 |area = 2.68 |postal_code = 99441 |area_code = 036453 |licence = AP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 71 019 |mayor = Karl Krähmer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Frankendorf''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Weimarer Land]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nevpdg57vxidckudt7sf43yk7ykri7x 0 50696 304996 2026-08-12T13:58:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Frankeneck.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|22|35|N|8|2|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankeneck in DÜW.svg |image_photo = Frankeneck.JPG |image_caption = Frankeneck Railway halt |state = |district = Bad Dürkheim |Verbandsgemeinde = Lambrecht (Pfalz) |elevation = 173 |area = 4.76 |postal_code = 67468 |area_code = 06353 |licence = DÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 32 018 |website = [https://www.frankeneck.de/ www.frankeneck.de] |mayor = Marco Fränzel<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bad Dürkheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = SPD }} '''Frankeneck''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Palatinate Forest]] oo ku taal isgoysyada Speyerbach iyo Hochspeyerbach. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Lambrecht (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Lambrecht]], oo xarunteedu tahay magaalada [[Lambrecht, Rhineland-Palatinate|magaca la mid ah]]. == Taariikhda == Degmada waxaa la aasaasay 1785. === Diinta === 2007, 44.9% dadka deggan waxay ahaayeen [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] iyo 29.2% [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]]. Inta kale waxay ka tirsanaayeen diimaha kale ama ma aanay raacin waxna.<ref>[http://www.kommwis.de/uploads/media/Online-Gemeindestatistik_02.htm KommWis, Stand: 31. Dezember 2007]</ref> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. Doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinka soo socda:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3320501800.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center" | || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || '''Wadarta''' |- align="center" | 2009 || 8 || 4 || 12 seats |- align="center" | 2004 || 8 || 4 || 12 seats |} === Jaakadda hubka === Qoraalka Jarmalka ayaa u akhrinaya sida soo socota: ''Durch eine blaue Wellendeichsel, oben rechts in Rot ein schwebendes blaues Beil mit goldenem Stiel, oben links in Rot ein schwebender blauer Forstsichelhaken mit goldenem Stiel, unten in Silber eine blaubereifte rote Bütte mit silbernem Inhalt, davor stehend ein rotes Rührsieb.'' [[Coat of arms|Hubka]] degmada ee Ingiriiska [[Heraldry|heraldic]] luqadda waxaa lagu sifeeyn karaa sidan: A pall reversed wavy azure, dexter gules an axe palewise of the first helved Or, the head to chief and the edge to sinister, sinister gules a forester’s bill palewise of the first helved of the third, the head to chief and the hook to dexter, in base argent issuant from base a vat of the second hooped of the first with contents of the field, surmounted by a stirring sieve palewise of the second issuant from base, the handle to base. Hubkan waxaa ansixiyay 1951 Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha ee Mainz, waxayna dib ugu noqonayaan shaabad maxkamadeed oo laga soo bilaabo 1733. [[charge (heraldry)|Astaamaha]] waxay xasuusinayaan in degmada la aasaasay tuulo qoryaha jaraysa.<ref>Karl Heinz Debus: ''Das große Wappenbuch der Pfalz.'' Gräber, Neustadt an der Weinstraße 1988, {{ISBN|3-9801574-2-3}}.</ref> === Iskaashiga magaalooyinka === Frankeneck waxay kobcisaa iskaashiga meelaha soo socda: *{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Tenbury Wells]], [[Worcestershire]], [[England|Ingiriiska]], [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]] *{{flagicon|France}} “Les Thuits” ([[Le Thuit-Signol]], [[Le Thuit-Anger]] and [[Le Thuit-Simer]]), [[Eure]], [[France|Faransiiska]] == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Matxafyada === Frankeneck, [[heritage railway]], ''Kuckucksbähnel'', waxay leedahay joogsi. Tareenku wuxuu ku socdaa xariiq u dhexaysa [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] iyo [[Elmstein]]. Sidoo kale waxaa ku yaal matxaf samaynta warqadaha iyo taariikhda maxalliyadeed oo wata bandhigyo ku saabsan taariikhda maxalliga ah iyo horumarinta warshadaha warqadaha ee maxalliga ah. === Isboortiga iyo firaaqada === TV Frankeneck (kooxda ciyaaraha) waxay bixisaa [[Association football|kubadda cagta]] iyo jimicsiga. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira koox heesaha ah iyo kooxo kale oo badan. == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * Walter Faller, siyaasiga SPD == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commonscatinline}} *{{Official|https://www.frankeneck.de/ }} {{Authority control}} icx3xfoq2bgwe0cckwy3cqe1yng8ohg 0 50697 304997 2026-08-12T13:59:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|46|6|N|9|25|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Frankenfeld_in_HK.svg |state = |district = Heidekreis |Samtgemeinde = Rethem/Aller |elevation = 18 |area = 24.52 |postal_code = 27336 |area_code = 0 51 65 |licence = HK, SFA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 58 009 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Renate Rodewald |Bürgermeistertitel= Bürgermeisterin }} '''Frankenfeld''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaŋkn̩fɛlt}}) waa degmo ku taal [[Heidekreis|Heidekreis district]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} t4gynuy7d3im780bixtqbm27tqrwe0a 0 50698 304998 2026-08-12T14:01:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Frankenhardt |image_photo = Honhardt.jpg |imagesize = 268 |image_caption = Honhardt village in Frankenhardt |image_coa = Wappen Frankenhardt.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|04|N|09|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankenhardt in SHA.svg |plantext = Frankenhardt in Schwäbisch Hall district |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Schwäbisch Hall |elevation = 455 |area = 69.87 |postal_code = 74586 |area_code = 07959 |licence = SHA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 27 103 |website = [https://www.frankenhardt.de/ www.frankenhardt.de] |mayor = Jörg Schmidt<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;29 }} '''Frankenhardt''' waa mihiiyad miyi ah [[Gemeinde (Germany)|Gemeinde]] (degmo) oo ku taal degmada [[Schwäbisch Hall (district)|Schwäbisch Hall]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay soddon iyo sagaal tuulo, tuulooyin yaryar iyo deegaanno kale.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Das Land Baden-Württemberg: Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. Band IV: Regierungsbezirk Stuttgart, Regionalverbände Franken und Ostwürttemberg (The state of Baden-Württemberg: Official description by counties and municipalities. Volume IV: Stuttgart Region, regional associations Franken and East Württemberg)|publisher=Kohlhammer|location=Stuttgart, Germany|year=1980|isbn=3-17-005708-1|pages=442–447}}</ref> Tuulada ugu weyn waa Honhardt, oo ay ku xigto Gründelhardt iyo Oberspeltach. Degmadu waxay ku taal ilaa labaatan kiiloomitir bari ka xigta magaalada [[Schwäbisch Hall]]. Degmada waxaa la abuuray 1974 iyadoo midoobay degmooyinkii Gründelhardt iyo Honhardt. Hal sano ka dib, degmadii cusubayd ee la abuuray waxaa lagu daray degmadii Oberspeltach. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Clear}} {{Authority control}} e37q28tog4ni9ahd946jq2go8irll71 304999 304998 2026-08-12T14:01:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 304999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Frankenhardt |image_photo = Honhardt.jpg |imagesize = 268 |image_caption = Tuulada Honhardt ee Frankenhardt |image_coa = Wappen Frankenhardt.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|04|N|09|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankenhardt in SHA.svg |plantext = Frankenhardt in Schwäbisch Hall district |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Schwäbisch Hall |elevation = 455 |area = 69.87 |postal_code = 74586 |area_code = 07959 |licence = SHA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 27 103 |website = [https://www.frankenhardt.de/ www.frankenhardt.de] |mayor = Jörg Schmidt<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;29 }} '''Frankenhardt''' waa mihiiyad miyi ah [[Gemeinde (Germany)|Gemeinde]] (degmo) oo ku taal degmada [[Schwäbisch Hall (district)|Schwäbisch Hall]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay soddon iyo sagaal tuulo, tuulooyin yaryar iyo deegaanno kale.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Das Land Baden-Württemberg: Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. Band IV: Regierungsbezirk Stuttgart, Regionalverbände Franken und Ostwürttemberg (The state of Baden-Württemberg: Official description by counties and municipalities. Volume IV: Stuttgart Region, regional associations Franken and East Württemberg)|publisher=Kohlhammer|location=Stuttgart, Germany|year=1980|isbn=3-17-005708-1|pages=442–447}}</ref> Tuulada ugu weyn waa Honhardt, oo ay ku xigto Gründelhardt iyo Oberspeltach. Degmadu waxay ku taal ilaa labaatan kiiloomitir bari ka xigta magaalada [[Schwäbisch Hall]]. Degmada waxaa la abuuray 1974 iyadoo midoobay degmooyinkii Gründelhardt iyo Honhardt. Hal sano ka dib, degmadii cusubayd ee la abuuray waxaa lagu daray degmadii Oberspeltach. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Clear}} {{Authority control}} 3140rvtog71k5b3eey0wi01n5h5nx86 0 50699 305000 2026-08-12T14:02:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Frankenheim (Rhoen).svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|32|N|10|05|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankenheim-Rhön in SM.png |state = |district = Schmalkalden-Meiningen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hohe Rhön |elevation = 750-780 |area = 9.11 |postal_code = 98634 |area_code = 036946 |licence = SM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 66 024 |website = [http://www.frankenheim-online.de/ www.frankenheim-online.de] |mayor = Alexander Schmitt<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Frankenheim''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Schmalkalden-Meiningen]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} az4cwxg4wv3hrmex88xjaipee756i61 0 50700 305001 2026-08-12T14:04:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Frankenwinheim |type = |image_photo = P4150615.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint John the Baabtiisaha |image_coa = DEU Frankenwinheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|53|15|N|10|18|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankenwinheim in SW.svg |state = |region = Lower Franconia |district = Schweinfurt |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Gerolzhofen |elevation = 237 |area = 14.7 |postal_code = 97447 |area_code = 09382 |licence = SW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 78 130 |divisions = |website = [http://www.frankenwinheim.de www.frankenwinheim.de] |mayor = Herbert Fröhlich<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalw/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |year = 779 }} '''Frankenwinheim''' waa tuulo ku taal [[Schweinfurt (district)|degmada Schweinfurt]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]] iyo qayb ka mid ah ''[[Verwaltungsgemeinschaft]]'' Gerolzhofen. == Juqraafiga == Frankenwinheim waxay ku taal gobolka Main Rhön, qiyaastii 20 kiiloomitir koonfur ka xigta [[Schweinfurt]]. Frankenheim waxaa loo qaybiyaa Frankenwinheim iyo Brünnstadt == Taariikhda == Frankenwinheim waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay sanadkii 779 C.D. waana sidaas darteed hore u ahayd in ka badan 1240 sano jir. Hore tuuladu waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah amiiraddii [[Wiesentheid]], oo ay lahaayeen tirintii [[List of rulers of Schönborn|Schönborn]]. Sannadkii 1806, waxaa [[German Mediatisation|dhexdhexaadiyay]] Bavaria, sannadkii 1810 waxay u gudubtay [[Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg|Grand Duchy of Würzburg]] (oo ay lahayd [[Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Grand Duke Ferdinand ee Tuscany]]), oo ay la mid tahay ay ku soo noqotay Bavaria 1814. == Tirada dadka == Aagga degmada 1970 973, 1987 markaas 890 iyo sanadka 2005 1016 deganayaal ayaa la tirsaday. == Siyaasadda == Duqa magaalada waa Herbert Fröhlich (CSU), oo xafiiska jooga ilaa 2014. Dakhliga canshuuraha maxalliga ah wuxuu gaaray sanadkii 1999 oo loo beddelay 350 k€, taas oo ka timid dakhliga canshuurta ganacsiga (net) oo loo beddelay 57 k€. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Dhaqaalaha iyo sidoo kale dhulka iyo kaynta === Waxaa jiray 1998 ka dib tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee ganacsiga soo saarista 42 iyo dhexda ganacsiga iyo taraafikada ma jiro dad caymis bulsho leh oo ka shaqeynaya goobta shaqada. Qeybaha kale ee dhaqaalaha 26 qof ayaa mas'uul ka ahaa caymiska bulshada ee ka shaqeynaya goobta shaqada. Mas'uul ka ah qofka caymiska bulshada ee ka shaqeeya deegaanka wuxuu siiyay wadarta guud ilaa 288. Ganacsiga farsamaynta waxaa jiray 3 shirkadood, ganacsiga dhismaha ee ugu weyn ee 2 shirkadood. Sidoo kale waxaa jiray sanadkii 1999 39 shirkadood oo beeraley ah oo leh dusha sare ee beeraleyda oo ah 1284 hektar, taas oo ahayd 1223 hektar oo ah dhulka la beero iyo 41 hektar oo ah cagaar joogto ah. === Waxbarashada === Sanadkii 2006 hababka soo socda ayaa jiray: *Goobaha carruurta: 50 meelood oo carruurta ah oo wata 45 carruur ah == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} h7wumoqattpo1icw1favo0ztn5golxi 0 50701 305002 2026-08-12T14:06:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Frankweiler COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|13|49|N|8|03|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankweiler in SÜW.svg |state = |district = Südliche Weinstraße |Verbandsgemeinde = Landau-Land |elevation = 243 |area = 7 |postal_code = 76833 |area_code = 06345 |licence = SÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 37 026 |website = [http://www.frankweiler.de/ www.frankweiler.de] |mayor = Bernd Nerding<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Frankweiler''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaŋkvaɪlɐ}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Südliche Weinstraße]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Magaaladeeda mataanaha ah waa Cullman, Alabama, Mareykanka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} smb1xxasrt0kxhahgcd9d39m9os34bq 0 50702 305003 2026-08-12T14:07:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = Wappen_Franzburg.PNG |image_photo = Franzburg Markt Ortsmitte.jpg |image_caption = Bartamaha magaalada |coordinates = {{coord|54|10|N|12|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Franzburg_in_VR.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Franzburg-Richtenberg |elevation = 20 |area = 15.2 |postal_code = 18461 |area_code = 038322 |licence = NVP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 024 |website = [https://www.amt-franzburg-richtenberg.de/franzburg.html www.amt-franzburg-richtenberg.de] |mayor = Johannes Rudolph |party = }} '''Franzburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁantsbʊʁk|-|De-Franzburg.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]] ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal 20&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Stralsund]]. Ka hor [[Protestant Reformation|Dib-u-habayntii Protestantiga]], Franzburg ka dib waxay ahayd goobtiisa '''Neuenkamp Abbey'''. == Neuenkamp Abbey == [[File:Franzburg Kirche 2.jpg|thumb|left|150px|''Schloßkirche'' ("kaniisadda qasriga", kaliya haraaga Neuenkamp Abbey]] Intii lagu jiray [[conversion of Pomerania|beddelka diinta ee qarniyada dhexe]] iyo [[Ostsiedlung]] Jarmalka, amiir [[Wizlaw I]] wuxuu siiyay qaybaha dhexe ee kaymaha daboolaya qaybta dhulka weyn ee [[Principality of Rügen|amiiraddiisii Rügen]], markaas [[Denmark|Danish]], u diray suufiyada [[Cistercian]] ee ka yimid [[Camp Abbey]] ee [[Lower Saxony]] kuwaas oo dhisay Neuenkamp Abbey 8 Nofeembar 1231. Suufiyadu waxay dhisteen kaniisad oo dhererkeedu ahaa 80 mitir, ballacdeedu ahaa 15 mitir, iyo dhererka taajkeedu ahaa 25 mitir, ahayd markaas kaniisadda ugu weyn dhammaan [[Pomerania]]. Hantidii kaniisaddu si degdeg ah ayay u korodhay, 50 sano ka dib markii la aas-aasay dhulkii kaniisaddu wuxuu gaaray xeebta. Kaymihii waa la nadiifiyay, tuulooyin badnaa oo nooca ''[[Hagenhufendorf]]'' ah ayaana la dejiyay oo lagu buuxiyay dad deegaan ah oo Jarmal ah. Sannadkii 1325, amiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Rügen wuxuu dhintay iyadoo aan la helin dhalasho, Neuenkamp iyo intii ka hartay amiiraddana waxaa dhaxlay [[Duchy of Pomerania|dukes of Pomerania]]. Kaniisaddu way kortay ilaa laga [[secularisation|secularized]] 1655, ka dib [[Protestant Reformation|Dib-u-habayntii Protestantiga]] iyo qaadashada [[Lutheranism]] ee dadka sharafta leh ee Pomerania 1534.<ref name=Drescher>Fr. Drescher, ''Der Kreis Franzburg-Barth'', Kreisausschuß des Kreises Franzburg-Barth, Carl Klock, Barth 1932/33, edited reprint: G. Thomas, Stralsund, 1992. pp.33-35</ref> [[File:Lubinus Franzburg.png|thumb|left|150px|Franzburg on [[Eilhard Lubinus]]'s map of [[Pomerania]], 1618]] Ka dib markii la beddelay hantida dadweyne, mulkiilaha cusub, duke [[Bogislaw XIII]], wuxuu dib u dhisay kaniisadda oo ka dhigay qasrigiisa ducal, wuxuuna u beddelay barxadihii kaniisadii hore magaalo. Wuxuu u qaabeeyay magaalada cusub sida [[Republic of Venice]], isagoo qorsheynaya magaalo ay ku nool yihiin dad sharaf leh, farsamoyaqaanno, ganacsato iyo fannaaniin, taas oo la tartami lahayd [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] [[Stralsund]] ee deriska la ah. Natiijo ahaan hammigaas, wuxuu siiyay magaalada cusub wax dhul ah oo ku xeeran ma jiro, waayo ma uusan jeclayn fikradda dadka degniinta ah ee ka shaqeynaya beeraha. Halkaas beddelkeedii, wuxuu ku ururiyay dun-tolyeyaasha magaalada dhexdeeda wuxuuna dhisay bakhaar lacag lagu sameeyo. Magaalada ayuu u bixiyay magaca sodohdiis, [[Francis of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]. Kaniisaddii kaniisadda lafteeda waxaa la dumiyay 1561, kaliya darafkii ugu koonfursanaa ayaa la hayay oo weli taagan maanta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee marka Bogislaw uu dhaxlay [[Stettin]] 1603, wuxuu waayay xiisihii uu u hayay hammigiisii Franzburg, magaaladuna marnaba ma aysan korinin cabbirka iyo heerka loo qorsheeyay.<ref name=Drescher/> Bilowgii [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Sodonka Sano]] ee [[Duchy of Pomerania]] waxaa lagu calaamadiyay [[Capitulation of Franzburg]], oo bixisay in ciidamada kirishboyda ah ee [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] ay qabsadaan dugsiga. Intaas ka dib, magaalada si buuxda ayaa loo burburiyay.<ref name=mvwebFB>{{cite web|url=http://www.mecklenburg-vorpommern.eu/cms2/Landesportal_prod/Landesportal/content/de/Urlaub_und_Freizeit/Urlaubsideen/Staedte/Franzburg/index.jsp|title=Franzburg|publisher=State Chancellory of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]|editor1-first=Andreas|editor1-last=Timm|editor2-first=Rüdiger|editor2-last=Buck|language=de|access-date=2009-08-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101202835/http://www.mecklenburg-vorpommern.eu/cms2/Landesportal_prod/Landesportal/content/de/Urlaub_und_Freizeit/Urlaubsideen/Staedte/Franzburg/index.jsp|archive-date=2009-01-01}}</ref> Franzburg waxay weyday warshaddiisii dun-tolyaha iyo bakhaarkii lacagta.<ref name=Drescher/> Qarni kaliya ka dib, 1728, Franzburg dib ayaa loo degay.<ref name=mvwebFB/> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay weli ahayd xarunta maamulka ee [[Districts of Germany|Kreis]] Franzburg(-Barth) ee ku xeeran, aasaas ahaan qaybta dhulka weyn ee amiiraddii hore ee Rügen, ilaa xaruntii loo raray [[Barth, Germany|Barth]] ka dib [[World War I|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]].<ref name=Drescher/> Maanta, Franzburg waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan Kreis [[Vorpommern-Rügen]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Commons category-inline|Franzburg}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.mecklenburg-vorpommern.eu/cms2/Landesportal_prod/Landesportal/content/de/Urlaub_und_Freizeit/Urlaubsideen/Staedte/Franzburg/index.jsp|title=Franzburg|publisher=State Chancellory of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]|editor1-first=Andreas|editor1-last=Timm|editor2-first=Rüdiger|editor2-last=Buck|language=de|access-date=2009-08-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101202835/http://www.mecklenburg-vorpommern.eu/cms2/Landesportal_prod/Landesportal/content/de/Urlaub_und_Freizeit/Urlaubsideen/Staedte/Franzburg/index.jsp|archive-date=2009-01-01}} {{Authority control}} ki4x9atx4357sigymxs2kafyialx13i 0 50703 305004 2026-08-12T14:09:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Church Franzenheim (Trier-Saarburg).jpg |image_coa = DEU Franzenheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|41|7|N|6|41|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Franzenheim in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Trier-Land |elevation = 310 |area = 6.47 |postal_code = 54316 |area_code = 06588 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 027 |website = [http://www.franzenheim.de/ www.franzenheim.de] |mayor = Christian Minn<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Franzenheim''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Jarmalka. Waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti qoran oo soo baxay 1098 ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 18-aadna waxay ahayd hay'ad madaxbannaan oo ka tirsanayd cutubka kaniisadda ee Trier. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ghdf7ilrbndngclk4212sl7kjh9qevz 0 50704 305005 2026-08-12T14:10:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Frasdorf COA.svg |image_photo = Frasdorf, die Sankt Margareta Kirche foto2 2012-08-07 09.50.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Margaret |coordinates = {{coord|47|48|N|12|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frasdorf in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 598 |area = 32.72 |postal_code = 83112 |area_code = 08052 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 132 |website = [http://www.frasdorf.de/ www.frasdorf.de] |mayor = Daniel Mair<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Frasdorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.frasdorf.de/ Municipality website] {{Authority control}} b63nkho1ljb2chrcno4etrj55s0jxgp 0 50705 305006 2026-08-12T14:12:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Frauenau |image_photo = Frauenau Skyline.JPG |image_caption = Frauenau |image_coa = DEU Frauenau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|59|N|13|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frauenau in REG.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Regen |elevation = 616 |area = 60.14 |postal_code = 94258 |area_code = 09926 |licence = REG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 76 121 |website = [http://www.frauenau.de www.frauenau.de] |mayor = Fritz Schreder<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Frauenau''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Regen (district)|Regen]], ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa [[Frauenau Dam|harada macmalka ah]], taas oo loo isticmaalo sahayda biyaha ee aagga ku xeeran [[Deggendorf]] iyo [[Passau]]. == Sidoo kale fiiri == *[[Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Frauenau]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0h606yn3x2kcurodg14i5ddlbxsur68 0 50706 305007 2026-08-12T14:14:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Frauendorf |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|25|00|N|13|46|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frauendorf in OSL.svg |state = |district = Oberspreewald-Lausitz |Amt = Ortrand |elevation = 100 |area = 20.77 |postal_code = 01945 |area_code = 035755 |licence = OSL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 66 064 |website = [http://www.gemeinde-frauendorf.de/ www.gemeinde-frauendorf.de] |mayor = Mirko Friedrich<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12066000 Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Frauendorf''' ({{langx|dsb|Žeńske jsy}}; {{langx|hsb|Ženjadwor}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Oberspreewald-Lausitz]], ee [[Upper Lusatia]], [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Laga soo bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1825, Frauendorf waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg|Gobolka Brandenburg]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1825 ilaa 1919 waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Province of Silesia|Gobolka Silesia]], laga soo bilaabo 1919 ilaa 1938 ee [[Province of Lower Silesia|Gobolka Lower Silesia]], mar labaad laga soo bilaabo 1938 ilaa 1941 ee Gobolka Silesia iyo mar labaad laga soo bilaabo 1941 ilaa 1945 ee Gobolka Lower Silesia. Laga soo bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952 waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Saxony]] iyo laga soo bilaabo 1952 ee [[Bezirk Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]]. == Tirada dadka == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Frauendorf.pdf|thumb|left|Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Frauendorf: Population development <br>within the current boundaries (2013)<ref>Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 600 | 1890 | 600 | 1910 | 650 | 1925 | 685 | 1933 | 780 | 1939 | 849 | 1946 | 940 | 1950 | 997 | 1964 | 957 | 1971 | 917 | 1981 | 937 | 1985 | 937 | 1989 | 936 | 1990 | 937 | 1991 | 937 | 1992 | 937 | 1993 | 818 | 1994 | 819 | 1995 | 818 | 1996 | 820 | 1997 | 822 | 1998 | 831 | 1999 | 849 | 2000 | 829 | 2001 | 823 | 2002 | 806 | 2003 | 815 | 2004 | 804 | 2005 | 798 | 2006 | 804 | 2007 | 783 | 2008 | 779 | 2009 | 770 | 2010 | 756 | 2011 | 724 | 2012 | 727 | 2013 | 713 | 2014 | 705 | 2015 | 696 | 2016 | 687 }} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} 44u1ubeijkjjbh7ilapvx994hzur9d4 0 50707 305008 2026-08-12T14:15:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Frauenneuharting COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|2|N|12|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frauenneuharting in EBE.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Ebersberg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Aßling |elevation = 530 |area = 22.68 |postal_code = 83553, 83565 |area_code = 08092 |licence = EBE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 75 119 |mayor = Eduard Koch<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Frauenneuharting''' waa bulsho ku taal degmada [[Ebersberg (district)|Ebersberg]] ee [[Upper Bavaria]] iyo xubin ka tirsan bulshada maamulka ee Aßling. == Juqraafiga == Frauenneuharting waxay ku taal gobolka qorshaynta ee [[Munich]]. === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === {{div col|colwidth=13em}} *Aichat *Alme *Anger *Baumberg *Biebing *Buch *Eichbichl *Eschenloh *Gersdorf *Graben *Großaschau *Hagenberg *Haging *Halbeis *Haus *Heimgarten *Hochholz *Höhenberg *Hungerberg *Jakobneuharting *Kleinaschau *Knogl *Lacke *Lauterbach *Lindach *Moosen *Oed *Raunstädt *Reith *Ried *Schaurach *Spezigraben *Stachet *Tegernau *Wimpersing {{div col end}} == Taariikhda == Qiyaastii 1000 kaniisadda ku taal Frauenneuharting waa la daahiriyey. Kaniisadda Baishadka Katooliga ee Booqashada (''Katholische Pfarrkirche Mariä Heimsuchung'') ee Frauenneuharting waxaa asbaabtiisa loo dhisay habka [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]], laakiin waxaa la siiyay qurxinta [[Baroque]] 1632. Frauenneuharting waxay ka tirsanayd ''{{ill|Rentamt|bar||de||es|Mayordomía}}'' ee Munich iyo Maxkamadda Swabia ee [[Electorate of Bavaria]] waxayna ahayd xarunta [[captaincy]] (Hauptmannschaft). Amiirradii Pienzenau waxay ahaayeen milkiileyaal dhul ah oo ku xirnaa Jakobneuharting, Neuharting-kii hore, iyo xarumaha ku xeeran laga soo bilaabo 1381 ilaa 1800. Intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee Bavaria, bulshada hadda jirta waxay soo baxday iyada oo wadata awaamiirta bulshada 1818. === Horumarinta dadka === Dhulka deegaanka ee bulshadu wuxuu hoy u ahaa 1,079 deganayaal 1970, 1,115 1987 iyo 1,314 2000. == Siyaasadda == Duqa bulshada (''Bürgermeister'') waa Eduard Koch (Wählergemeinschaft Frauenneuharting), oo dib loo doortay 2020. Dakhliga cida ee bulshada 1999, oo loo beddelay yuuro, wuxuu ahaa €500,000, taas oo ka timid €112,000 canshuuraha ganacsiga. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka rasmiga ah, 131 qof oo ku jira liiska tabaruca caymiska bulshada ayaa laga shaqaaleysiiyay warshadaha waxay ahaan jirtay 227 iyo ganacsiga iyo gaadiidka ma jiro. Meelaha kale, 12 qof oo ku jira liiska la soo sheegay ayaa la shaqaaleysiiyay, 409 ayaana ka shaqeeyay guryahooda. Waxaa jiray hal ganacsi oo farsamayn ah. Waxaa jiray 4 ganacsi oo qandaraas ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, 2003, waxaa jiray 89 ganacsi oo beeraley ah oo leh aag wax soo saar leh oo ah 1&nbsp;788&nbsp;ha taas oo 531&nbsp;ha ay ahayd dhulka la beero iyo 1&nbsp;253&nbsp;ha ay ahayd dhulka cawska. === Waxbarashada === 1999 hay'adaha soo socda ayaa laga helay Frauenneuharting: *[[Kindergarten]]s: 50 meelood oo Kindergarten ah oo wata 51 carruur ah *[[Elementary school]]s: 1 oo wata 10 macallimiin iyo 165 arday == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.assling.de Administrative community’s webpage] {{Authority control}} 7w9m2wwcpenvtnmurn25clmglog3ix4 0 50708 305009 2026-08-12T14:17:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = Schule Fraureuth.JPG |image_caption = Dugsiga Fraureuth |image_coa = File:DEU Fraureuth COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|N|12|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fraureuth in Z.svg |state = |district = Zwickau |elevation = 330 |area = 22.59 |postal_code = 08427 |area_code = 03761 |licence = Z |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14524060 |divisions = 4 |website = [https://www.fraureuth.de/ www.fraureuth.de] |mayor = Matthias Topitsch<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2019-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2019], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;26 |party = CDU }} '''Fraureuth''', oo ku taal degmada [[Zwickau (district)|Zwickau]], waa magaalo yar oo ku taal [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay leedahay dad ku dhow 5000 oo deganayaal ah oo ku dul yaal dusha sare oo ah 22.59&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Fraureuth waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Thuringia]] ilaa 1952. Khabiirka muusikada [[Sigrid Neef]] waxaa lagu dhalay Fraureuth 1944. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category-inline}} * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 4bk6q6u3na4s3ar4iztzxkv7aaic712 0 50709 305010 2026-08-12T14:19:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_caption = Kaniisadda Protestant-ka |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 3 62 024 |type = Stadt |name = Frechen |image_flag = Flagge Frechen.svg |image_coa = DEU Frechen COA.svg |image_photo = Evangelische Kirche Frechen 2.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|50|55|N|6|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frechen in BM.svg |state = |region = Cologne |district = Rhein-Erft-Kreis |elevation = 58 - 158 |area = 45.06 |postal_code = 50226 |area_code = 02234 |licence = BM |divisions = 9 |website = [http://www.stadt-frechen.de/ www.stadt-frechen.de] |mayor = Kai Uwe Tietz<ref>https://wahlen.kdvz.nrw/production/kw2025/05362024/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=248&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_107</ref> |leader_term = 2025&ndash;30 |party = SPD }} '''Frechen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁɛçn̩|-|De-Frechen.ogg}}; [[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]: ''Frechem'') waa magaalo ku taal [[Rhein-Erft District]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Jarmalka. == Taariikhda == Frechen waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay [[8776 Campestris|877]] waxayna ku taal xadka galbeedka magaalada [[Cologne]]. Waa goobta Dagaalkii Frechen ee 1257 u dhexeeya [[Konrad von Hochstaden|Conrad von Hochstaden]], Archbishop-ka Cologne iyo dadka magaalada. Qarnigii 16-aad waxay caan ku noqotay alaabaha [[terra cotta]] ee maxalliga ah lagu soo saaro, gaar ahaan "[[Bartmann jug|Bartmannskrug]]" (garanka ninka). Dhamaadkii qarnigii 18-aad [[lignite]] ayaa si warshadeed loo qoday. Qodista dhuxusha bunni ah waxay maamulaysay dhaqaalaha magaalada ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 20-aad, sanadkii 1891-na waxaa la furay warshaddii ugu horreysay ee briketka. 2 Sebtembar 1951 Frechen waxay heshay xuquuqda magaalada oo ay ku jiraan tuulooyinka Bachem, Hücheln iyo Buschbell. 1 Janaayo 1975 tuulooyinkii u dhowaa ee Grefrath, Habbelrath, Königsdorf iyo Neufreimersdorf sidoo kale waa la daray. 1971, Keramion, matxaf dhoobo ah oo ku yaal dhisme casri ah oo galaas ku wareegsan oo uu naqshadeeyay naqshadeeye Peter Neufert, ayaa la furay si uu u soo bandhigo ururinta taariikhiga ah iyo tan casriga ah ee ururiyaha maxalliga ah Gottfried Cremer. {{stack|[[File:Keramion.jpg|thumb|250px|Keramion]]}} Laga soo bilaabo 1980-meeyadii wixii ka dambeeyay tiro kordhaysa oo ah ganacsiyada warshadaha, ganacsiga iyo adeegga ayaa doortay Frechen inay noqoto meeshooda, si magaaladu ay si weyn u beddesho sifooyinkeeda. == Tirada dadka == Illaa Diseembar 31, 2024 waxaa lagu qiyaasay 52,309 deganayaal ah oo ka diiwaangashan Frechen. == Golaha deegaanka == {{update section|date=June 2021}} Doorashooyinka waxaa la qabtay Sebtembar 2025.<ref>https://wahlen.kdvz.nrw/production/kw2025/05362024/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=249&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_107</ref> * [[CDU (Germany)|CDU]]: 13 kursi * [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]: 11 kursi * [[Alliance 90/The Greens]]: 6 kursi * Perspektive für Frechen: 5 kursi * [[FDP (Deutschland)|FDP]]: 2 kursi * [[Die Linke|The Left]]: 2 kursi * [[BSW (political party)|BSW]]: 1 kursi * [[Alternative für Deutschland]]: 6 kursi == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Kirsten Bolm]] (dhashay 1975), cayaartooy * [[Janine Jackowski]] (dhashay 1976), soo saare filim * [[Wayne Carpendale]] (dhashay 1977), jilaa iyo soo jeediye * [[Jan Rouven]] (dhashay 1977), sixiroole iyo dembiile lagu helay [[Child sexual abuse|kufsiga carruurta]] * [[Pierre Vogel]] (dhashay 1978), wacdiyo [[Islamist]] ah * [[Ayọ]] (dhashay 1980), heesaa nafta ah * [[Sonja Bertram]] (dhashay 1984), jilaa * [[Marcel Heller]] (dhashay 1986), cayaaryahan kubadda cagta ah * [[Lennart Thy]] (dhashay 1992), cayaaryahan kubadda cagta ah * [[Hannah Meul]] (dhashay 2001), fuule dhagax xirfadle ah == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah – magaalooyinka walaalaha ah == {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Frechen waa [[Sister city|mataano]] la leh:<ref>{{cite web|title=Leben in Frechen|url=https://www.stadt-frechen.de/index_frechen_leben.php|website=stadt-frechen.de|publisher=Frechen|language=de|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2023-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418185546/https://www.stadt-frechen.de/index_frechen_leben.php|url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Kapfenberg]], [[Austria]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Frechen}} *[https://www.stadt-frechen.de Official website] *[https://keramion.de/ Website of the Keramion ceramics museum] {{Authority control}} 64je3q2gwe0wl0v8tr8ztep5dchgg4y 0 50710 305011 2026-08-12T14:21:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Freckenfeld.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|03|53|N|08|06|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freckenfeld in GER.svg |image_photo = Freckenfeld-10-Hauptstr-gje.jpg |state = |district = Germersheim |Verbandsgemeinde = Kandel |elevation = 127 |area = 11.13 |postal_code = 76872 |area_code = 06340 |licence = GER |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 34 005 |website = [http://www.freckenfeld.de/ www.freckenfeld.de] |mayor = Martin Thürwächter<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3340000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Germersheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Freckenfeld''' waa degmo ku taal [[Germersheim (district)|degmada Germersheim]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} a88z135fcirt68xmw1032xg8ui7pxfa 0 50711 305012 2026-08-12T14:22:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|53|40|N|10|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fredeburg in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Lauenburgische Seen |elevation = 33 |area = 10.09 |postal_code = 23909 |area_code = 04541 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 030 |website = [http://www.amt-lauenburgische-seen.de/ www.amt-lauenburgische-seen.de] |mayor = Lothar de Vries }} '''Fredeburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁeːdəbʊʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} gn0i3rgh85pl9ln66bi8nu757u147rj 0 50712 305013 2026-08-12T14:23:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Freden.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|56|N|09|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freden (Leine) in HI.svg |state = |district = Hildesheim |elevation = 127 |area = 53.49 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03254042 |postal_code = 31084 |area_code = 05184 |licence = HI |website = [http://www.gemeindefreden.de www.gemeindefreden.de] |mayor = Daniel Bernhardt<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = Ind }} '''Freden''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁeːdn̩}}) waa tuulo iyo degmo ku taal [[Hildesheim (district)|degmada Hildesheim]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Leine]], qiyaastii 25&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta [[Hildesheim]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1 Nofeembar 2016, degmooyinkii hore [[Everode]], [[Landwehr, Lower Saxony|Landwehr]] iyo [[Winzenburg]] waxay ka mid yihiin degmada Freden.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gebietsänderungen von Januar bis Dezember 2016 |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2016.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Statistisches Bundesamt |language=de}}</ref> Freden waxay ahayd xaruntii hore ee ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Freden (Samtgemeinde)|Freden]]. == Shakhsiyaadka == * [[Friedrich Lorenz]] (1897-1944), wadaad Katoolik ah, oo ka soo horjeeday Naasiyiinta * Friedrich Mennecke (1904-1947), dhakhtar NS ah oo ka qayb qaatay burburinta ballaaran ee barnaamijka euthanasia ee qaranka bilowga ah sida gacan-ku-dhiigle. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commonscat-inline|Freden (Leine)}} {{Authority control}} 99xxkdh172rkgz903oy04bikiojtq01 0 50713 305014 2026-08-12T14:25:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fredenbeck COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|31|33|N|9|24|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fredenbeck_in_STD.png |state = |district = Stade |Samtgemeinde = Fredenbeck |elevation = 10 |area = 48.62 |postal_code = 21717 |area_code = 04149 |licence = STD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 59 017 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.fredenbeck.de/ www.fredenbeck.de] |mayor = Diedrich Wohlers |party = CDU }} '''Fredenbeck''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁeːdn̩beːk}}; {{langx|nds|Freenbeek}}) waa degmo waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Hamburg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]], oo ku taal degmada [[Stade (district)|Stade]] ee [[Lower Saxony]]. Waxay ka tirsanayd [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]]. Sannadkii 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xukumay [[personal union]] oo ay la lahaayeen Iswiidhan iyo laga bilaabo 1715 Crown-ka Hanoverian. Sannadkii 1823 Duchy waa la baabi'iyay oo dhulkeedu wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]]. Fredenbeck sidoo kale waa xaruntii ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Fredenbeck (Samtgemeinde)|Fredenbeck]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hll1h0onpcocnfyqlz3efidqqbkwk9o 0 50714 305015 2026-08-12T14:26:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Fredesdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|53|N|10|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fredesdorf in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Leezen |elevation = 41 |area = 5.89 |postal_code = 23826 |area_code = 04558 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 022 |website = [http://www.amt-leezen.de/ www.amt-leezen.de] |mayor = Peter Waldheuer |party = }} '''Fredesdorf''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 2l8zymxg215qb19yb9m2bqpslbpp16a 0 50715 305016 2026-08-12T14:28:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Freiensteinau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|26|N|09|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Mittelhessen Vogelsberg Fre.png |state = |region = Gießen |district = Vogelsbergkreis |elevation = 444 |area = 65.66 |postal_code = 36399 |area_code = 06666 |licence = VB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 35 004 |website = [https://www.freiensteinau.de/ www.freiensteinau.de] |mayor = Sascha Spielberger<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Freiensteinau''' ({{IPA|de|ˌfʁaɪənˈʃtaɪnaʊ|lang}})<ref>{{cite web |title="Betrieb des Monats" September: Firma Fehl und Sohn aus Freiensteinau |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb1R-gV2SJQ&t=49s |website=YouTube |publisher=Ministerium für Soziales und Integration Hessen |access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> waa degmo ku taal [[Vogelsbergkreis]] ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Freiensteinau waxay taal jiirada koonfureed ee [[Vogelsberg Mountains|Buuraha Vogelsberg]]. === Degmooyinka deriska la ah === Freiensteinau waxay xuduud la leedahay xagga waqooyiga degmada [[Grebenhain]], waqooyi-bari degmada [[Hosenfeld]] (degmada [[Fulda (district)|Fulda]]), bari degmada [[Neuhof (Fulda)|Neuhof]] (degmada Fulda), koonfur magaalada [[Steinau an der Straße]] ([[Main-Kinzig-Kreis]]) iyo galbeed degmada [[Birstein]] (Main-Kinzig-Kreis). === Degmooyinka ka kooban === Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay laba iyo toban xarumood oo kala ah Freiensteinau (xarunta maamulka), Holzmühl, Fleschenbach, Salz, Ober-Moos, Nieder-Moos, Gunzenau, Reichlos, Weidenau, Reinhards, Hessisch Radmühl iyo Preußisch Radmühl. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Doorashadii golaha degmada ee 26 March 2006 waxay keentay natiijooyinkan: {| class="wikitable" |colspan="2" bgcolor="#EECFA1" | '''Xisbiyada iyo isbahaysiga codbixiyayaasha''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" | '''Saami %''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" | '''Kursi''' |---- |CDU |[[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |25.1 |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |5 |---- |SPD |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |33.9 |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |6 |---- |bgcolor="#CDCDC1" | FW |bgcolor="#CDCDC1" | Freie Wähler |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |41.0 |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |8 |---- |colspan="2" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |'''wadarta''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |'''100''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EECFA1" |'''19''' |---- |} Doorashooyinka March 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistik-hessen.de/k2016/html/EG535004.htm |title=Ergebnis der Gemeindewahl am 6. März 2016 |publisher=Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt|date=April 2016}}</ref> *CDU = 2 kursi *SPD = 3 kursi *FW = 8 kursi *UBL = 4 kursi *Bündnis = 2 kursi === Duqa magaalada === July 2014 Sascha Spielberger waxaa loo doortay duqa magaalada cusub, wuxuu xafiiska billaabay December 2014, waana dib loo doortay 2020. Duqaddii hore: *1971–1991: Johannes Karl *1991–2014: Friedel Kopp === Iskaashiga === * {{Flagicon|France}} Tourouvre, [[Normandy]], [[France|Faransiiska]] ilaa 1977 == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Muusikada === [[organ (music)|Xubinta]] Kaniisadda Protestantiga ee Nieder-Moos waxaa dhisay 1790-1791 Johann-Markus Oestreich oo ka yimid Oberbimbach oo u dhow [[Fulda]]. Sano kasta, ''Nieder-Mooser Sommerkonzerte'' (Riwaayadaha Xagaaga ee Nieder-Moos) waxay ka dhacaan agagaarka xubinta. [[File:Freiensteinau Schloss Tor Ausen.png|left|thumb|upright=1.15|Freiensteinau Castle: gate]] == Kala duwan == Xaqiiqo xiiso leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda siyaasadeed ee degmada ayaa ah in ka hor dib-u-habayntii degmada Hesse ee 1970-meeyadii, 12-ka degmo ee maanta ku dhex jira Freiensteinau ma aha oo kaliya inaysan midoobin, laakiin xitaa waxay ka tirsanaayeen afar degmo oo kala duwan: Fulda, Gelnhausen, Lauterbach iyo Schlüchtern. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} ea6u3hdfdxzneydobgk4gr0vj78jxtk 0 50716 305017 2026-08-12T14:30:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Johanneskirche Kleinsolt.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisad ku taal Freienwill |image_coa = DEU Freienwill COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|43|N|9|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freienwill in SL.PNG |state = |district = Schleswig-Flensburg |Amt = Hürup |elevation = 39 |area = 15.31 |postal_code = 24991 |area_code = 04602 |licence = SL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 182 |website = [https://www.freienwill.de/ www.freienwill.de] |mayor = Hans Heinrich Christiansen |party = }} '''Freienwill''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ts7yblko0osnbx9w4b2gj11fmcg1dlb 0 50717 305018 2026-08-12T14:31:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Freigericht |type = Municipality |image_photo = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Freigericht COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|08|30|N|09|07|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freigericht in MKK.svg |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = Main-Kinzig-Kreis |elevation = 200 |area = 33.42 |postal_code = 63579 |area_code = 06055 |licence = MKK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 35 009 |divisions = 5 villages |website = [https://www.freigericht.de/ www.freigericht.de] |mayor = Albrecht Eitz<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;24 |party = SPD }} '''Freigericht''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Main-Kinzig]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal 15&nbsp;km bari ka xigta [[Hanau]], oo u dhow [[Frankfurt Rhein-Main Region|agagaarka Frankfurt Rhein-Main]] oo ku taal cagaha [[Spessart]], si toos ah xadka Hesse-Bavaria. In ka badan 40% ee dhulka waa keymo. == Juqraafiga == === Meesha juqraafi ahaaneed === [[File:Gemeinde Freigericht.svg|thumb|Constituent communities]] Freigericht waxay leedahay joog ah 140 ilaa 371 m dooxada dhinaceeda ah ee webiga [[Kinzig (Main)|Kinzig]]. === Juqraafiga dhulka === Qaybaha koonfureed ee magaalada waxaa laga helay dhagaxyo duug ah oo dhowr ah. 19 Juun 1930 ilig ka mid ah maroodi 40,000 sano jir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray shaqada dhismaha ee Somborn. Waxaa loo wareejiyay kursiga degmada [[Gelnhausen]]. Tan iyo markii la furay matxafka deegaanka Freigericht dhowr dadaal ayaa la sameeyay si loo soo celiyo iliga, midkoodna ma guulaysan. === Degmooyinka deriska la ah === Freigericht waxay xuduud la leedahay degmooyinka [[Hasselroth]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Linsengericht]] dhanka bari iyo [[Rodenbach (Hesse)|Rodenbach]] dhanka galbeed. Koonfurta Freigericht (oo horay uga tirsanayd degmada Bavarian ee [[Aschaffenburg (district)|Aschaffenburg]]) waa magaalada [[Alzenau]], degmooyinka [[Mömbris]] iyo [[Geiselbach]], iyo sidoo kale aagga aan la dhisin ee Geiselbach Forest. === Qaybaha magaalada === Freigericht waxay u qaybsantaa shan tuulo, kuwaas oo ahaa tuulooyin madaxbannaan ilaa 1970. *Altenmittlau *Bernbach *Horbach (laga bilaabo 1968 waxaa loo qaabeeyey nasasho cimilada ah) *Neuses *Somborn 1 Janaayo 1970 shanta tuulo waxay si ikhtiyaari ah ugu biireen degmo cusub oo lagu magacaabo Freigericht. Magaca ''Freigericht'' (macno ahaan Maxkamadda Xorta ah) waxaa loo isticmaali jiray si aan rasmi ahayn tuulooyinka qarniyo badan. Sida laga soo xigtay halyeeyga, waxay sheegaysaa in beeraleyda ka socota meelaha u dhexeeya webiyada Main iyo Kinzig ay taagnaayeen oo ay difaacayeen boqorkooda [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I (Barbarossa)]], intii lagu jiray weerar lama filaan ah. Saalix ahaan, Kaiser wuxuu siiyay "xukun xor ah", sidaas darteed magaca "Freigericht". == Siyaasadda == [[File:Freigericht (Hessen) Somborn Rathaus (01).jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.97|Town hall in district Somborn]] Golaha magaalada wuxuu ka kooban yahay 37 xubnood, dhammaantood waxaa loo doortaa muddo shan sano ah. CDU waxay ahayd xisbiga hoggaamiya Freigericht, inkasta oo ay soo gaartay khasaare culus doorashadii ugu dambeysay. Kooxaha madaxa bannaan, oo xooganaa ka hor int>**__**aan la gelin Freigericht, waxay helayaan saamiyo sarreeya. {| class="wikitable" !colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Xisbiyada iyo Kooxaha !colspan="2" | 2011 !colspan="2" | 2006 !colspan="2" | 2001 !colspan="2" | 1997 |---- | ! % ! Kursi ! % ! Kursi ! % ! Kursi ! % ! Kursi |---- | bgcolor="#BEBEBE" |'''CDU''' |Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands |align="right" |27,9 |align="center" |10 |align="right" |47,9 |align="center" |18 |align="right" |59,0 |align="center" |22 |align="right" |45,3 |align="center" |17 |---- | bgcolor="#FF7070" |'''SPD''' |Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands |align="right" |19,3 |align="center" |7 |align="right" |28,3 |align="center" |10 |align="right" |24,2 |align="center" |9 |align="right" |28,8 |align="center" |11 |---- | bgcolor="#FFF885" |'''FDP''' |Freie Demokratische Partei |align="right" |1,8 |align="center" |1 |align="right" |2,6 |align="center" |1 |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |---- | bgcolor="#A7FFB3" |'''GRÜNE''' |Bündnis 90/Die Grünen |align="right" |13,3 |align="center" |5 |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |align="right" |7,6 |align="center" |3 |align="right" |8,9 |align="center" |3 |---- | bgcolor="#FFA54F" |'''UWG''' |Unabhängige Wählergemeinschaft Freigericht |align="right" |22,9 |align="center" |8 |align="right" |21,3 |align="center" |8 |align="right" |9,2 |align="center" |3 |align="right" |17,0 |align="center" |6 |---- | bgcolor="#7FBCFF" |'''BfF''' |Bürger für Freigericht |align="right" |12,4 |align="center" |5 |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |---- | bgcolor=#B3B7FF |'''Die Unbestechlichen''' |Die Unbestechlichen - Liste freier Bürger |align="right" |2,4 |align="center" |1 |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |align="right" |— |align="center" |— |---- | |colspan="2" |'''wadarta''' |align="right" |'''100,0''' |align="center" |'''37''' |align="right" |'''100,0''' |align="center" |'''37''' |align="right" |'''100,0''' |align="center" |'''37''' |align="right" |'''100,0''' |align="center" |'''37''' |---- | |colspan="2" |'''Codbixinta %''' |colspan="2" align ="center" |'''51,6''' |colspan="2" align ="center" |'''48,4''' |colspan="2" align ="center" |'''52,2''' |colspan="2" align ="center" |'''68,4''' |---- |} Doorashooyinka 2016: *CDU = 9 *SPD = 7 *Greens = 4 *UWG = 13 *Die Unbestechlichen (kuwa aan musuqmaasuqin)= 4 == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} jpqud89wrrgwhqqn3px18ry9assburb 0 50718 305019 2026-08-12T14:33:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Municipality |image_flag = Flagge Freihung.png |image_coa = Wappen Freihung.svg |image_photo = Freihung.jpg |image_caption = Freihung |coordinates = {{coord|49|37|N|11|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freihung in AS.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Amberg-Sulzbach |elevation = 418-438 |area = 46.35 |postal_code = 92271 |area_code = 09646, 09622 (Groß-/Kleinschönbrunn) |licence = AS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 71 121 |mayor = Uwe König<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW |website = {{url|http://www.markt-freihung.de/}} }} '''Freihung''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaɪʊŋ}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Amberg-Sulzbach]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka Jarmalka. == Juqraafiga == Marka laga reebo Freihung, degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinkan soo socda:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bayernportal.de/dokumente/behoerde/86108525557/ortsteile|title=Ortsteile mit Postleitzahl|access-date=2024-02-15}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=12em}} *Blauenneuschacht *Böcklmühle *Elbart *Freihungsand *Großschönbrunn *Hämmerleinshof *Hämmerleinsmühle *Kleinschönbrunn *Konradinsgrund *Mauerhof *Riedhof *Rothaar *Rumpelmühle *Schallermühle *Schickenhof *Schmelzmühle *Schwadermühle *Seugast *Tanzfleck *Thansüß *Weickenricht {{div col end}} == Dadka caanka ah ==<!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> * [[Johannes Stark]] (dhashay 15 Abriil 1874 gudaha Schickenhof – 21 Juun 1957), [[physicist|fiisigis yahan]] iyo ku-guulaysta [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Abaalmarinta Nobel ee Fiisigiska]] sanadkii 1919 == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} igjnjsygh3vupzmg88bcuhoutzs9y23 0 50719 305020 2026-08-12T14:35:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Freisbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|16|18|N|08|16|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freisbach in GER.svg |state = |district = Germersheim |Verbandsgemeinde = Lingenfeld |elevation = 115 |area = 4.98 |postal_code = 67361 |area_code = 06344 |licence = GER |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 34 006 |website = [http://www.freisbach.de/ www.freisbach.de] |mayor = Peter Gauweiler<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3340000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Germersheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Freisbach''' waa degmo ku taal [[Germersheim (district)|degmada Germersheim]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} d8b9wkuyag1kd7wfxs57buoi99ydkg8 0 50720 305021 2026-08-12T14:36:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Freisen Baumholder Straße.jpg |image_coa = Freisen wappen.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|49|32|N|7|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freisen in WND.svg |state = |district = Sankt Wendel |elevation = 516 |area = 48.08 |postal_code = 66626–66629 |area_code = 06855 |licence = WND |Gemeindeschlüssel = 10 0 46 111 |divisions = 8 |website = [http://www.freisen.de/ www.freisen.de] |mayor = Karl-Josef Scheer<ref>[https://www.saarland.de/stat/DE/_downloads/aktuelleTabellen/Wahlen/Direktwahlen/Gew%C3%A4hlte_B%C3%BCrgermeister_und_Landr%C3%A4te_im_Saarland.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=11 Gewählte Ober-/Bürgermeister*innen, Landrät*innen und Regionalverbandsdirektor*in im Saarland], Statistisches Amt des Saarlandes, 27 March 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;29 |party = SPD }} '''Freisen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Sankt Wendel (district)|Sankt Wendel]], ee [[Saarland]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 12&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Sankt Wendel]], iyo 20&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Idar-Oberstein]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee Freisen/Oberkirchen waa baska waxayna ku xidhaa magaalooyinka kale iyada oo la sii marayo [[Sankt Wendel]] iyo [[Neunkirchen, Saarland|Neunkirchen]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} sdupm8p999wba7b2keb5qta7hqqsx45 0 50721 305022 2026-08-12T14:37:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Freistatt.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|37|N|08|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freistatt in DH.svg |state = |district = Diepholz |Samtgemeinde = Kirchdorf |elevation = 40 |area = 12.54 |postal_code = 27259 |area_code = 05448 |licence = DH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 51 018 |divisions = 2 |mayor = Gero Enders }} '''Freistatt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaɪʃtat}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Diepholz (district)|Diepholz]] taas oo ku taal [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[:de:Freistatt|German Wikipedia page about Freistatt]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7ffxsoito99hs0cf8f73qrfg46vo9i5 0 50722 305023 2026-08-12T14:39:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo=Frellstedt Kirche 2016-1.jpg|image_coa = DEU Frellstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|13|N|10|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frellstedt in HE.svg |state = |district = Helmstedt |Samtgemeinde = Nord-Elm |elevation = 122 |area = 6.15 |postal_code = 38373 |area_code = 05355 |licence = HE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 54 005 |website = [http://www.samtgemeinde-nord-elm.de www.samtgemeinde-nord-elm.de] |mayor = Christian Buttler }} '''Frellstedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁɛlʃtɛt}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Helmstedt (district)|Helmstedt]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} e5jua4fj99w4mp486rxhbf54n6mzi6e 0 50723 305024 2026-08-12T14:41:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fremdingen COA.svg |image_photo = Fremdingen, katholische Kapelle Sankt Leonhard DmD-7-79-147-7 foto9 2016-08-04 11.09.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda [[Saint Leonhard]] |coordinates = {{coord|48|58|N|10|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fremdingen in DON.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Donau-Ries |elevation = 457 |area = 50.07 |postal_code = 86742 |area_code = 09086 |licence = DON |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 79 147 |mayor = Frank Merkt<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [https://www.fremdingen.de/ www.fremdingen.de] }} '''Fremdingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Donau-Ries]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Tussen Fremdingen en Minderoffingen, panorama foto4 2016-08-04 10.55.jpg|Panorama near Fremdingen|thumb|left]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fk6lvnzjfjskdm5bpnktrjspoodhjft 0 50724 305025 2026-08-12T14:42:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_flag = Flagge Freren.svg |image_coa = DEU SG Freren COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|28|N|07|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freren in EL.svg |state = |district = Emsland |Samtgemeinde = Freren |elevation = 33 |area = 48.97 |postal_code = 49832 |area_code = 05902 |licence = EL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 54 012 |website = [https://www.freren.de/ www.freren.de] |mayor = Klaus Prekel |party = CDU }} '''Freren''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁeːʁən|-|De-Freren.ogg}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Emsland]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 15&nbsp;km bari ka xigta [[Lingen]]. Freren sidoo kale waa xarunta ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmo urursan") ee [[Freren (Samtgemeinde)|Freren]]. == Dadka caanka ah == *[[Erwin Jaenecke]] (1890–1960), janaraal *[[Maria Könning-de Siqueira Regueira]] (* 1954), diblomaasi *[[Ernst Middendorp]] (* 1958), tababare kubadda cagta *[[Mathias Surmann]] (* 1974), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1xqqlbp4zm9euc05eihcxg4glnp88yq 0 50725 305026 2026-08-12T14:44:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fresenburg COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|53|N|07|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fresenburg in EL.svg |state = |district = Emsland |Samtgemeinde = Lathen |elevation = 9 |area = 21.59 |postal_code = 49762 |area_code = 05933 |licence = EL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 54 013 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.fresenburg.de/ www.fresenburg.de] |mayor = Gerhard Führs |party = CDU }} '''Fresenburg''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Emsland]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} j8youg385n9el6eeo68c60iafdu3sy3 0 50726 305027 2026-08-12T14:45:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Fresendelf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|23|42|N|9|14|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fresendelf in NF.PNG |state = |district = Nordfriesland |Amt = Nordsee-Treene |elevation = 5 |area = 2.6 |postal_code = 25876 |area_code = 04884 |licence = NF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 54 032 |website = |mayor = Hans Peter Lorenzen |party = }} '''Fresendelf''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Nordfriesland]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} hr2lutl3x3ak9m0ead0nz8q87yzedx9 0 50727 305028 2026-08-12T14:47:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Frestedt.png |image_coa = DEU Frestedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|1|27|N|9|10|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frestedt in HEI.PNG |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = Burg-Sankt Michaelisdonn |elevation = 16 |area = 10.33 |postal_code = 25727 |area_code = 04830 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 032 |website = |mayor = Hauke Zimmermann |party = }} '''Frestedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁeːʃtɛt}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6idx51is5roavwca43lssgrqnz1ix0y 0 50728 305029 2026-08-12T14:48:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Blick auf Fretterode.jpg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|19|9|N|10|0|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fretterode in EIC.svg |state = |district = Eichsfeld |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hanstein-Rusteberg |elevation = 285 |area = 5.87 |postal_code = 37318 |area_code = 036087 |licence = EIC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 61 033 |website = [http://www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de/ www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de] |mayor = Mike Gunkel<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 }} '''Fretterode''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Eichsfeld (district)|Eichsfeld]] ee [[Thuringia]], Jarmalka. Waa qayb ka mid ah [[Verwaltungsgemeinschaft]] [[Hanstein-Rusteberg]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rhr5s6aqq5xwnhyrv4akp7gy0glv5c0 0 50729 305030 2026-08-12T14:50:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Freudental COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|0|32|N|9|3|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Freudental im Landkreis Ludwigsburg.png |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Ludwigsburg |elevation = 284 |area = 3.07 |postal_code = 74392 |area_code = 07143 |licence = LB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08118016 |website = [https://www.freudental.de/ www.freudental.de] |mayor = Alexander Fleig<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Freudental''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁɔʏdn̩taːl}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Ludwigsburg (district)|Ludwigsburg]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Freudental waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1304 diiwaanka saamiyada ee cisbitaalka ku yaal [[Esslingen am Neckar|Esslingen]]. Sida [[Besigheim]] iyo [[Löchgau]] waxay ka tirsanayd Marquis-ka Baden, taas oo ka dhalatay Dagaalkii Dhaxalka Bavaria ee 1504 waxay ku dhacday Duke [[Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg|Ulrich of Württemberg]] iyo maamulkii baaraha Besigheim Konrad Schenk von Winterstetten. Ka dib isbeddelladii iyo kala qaybsanaantii dowladda hoose (1590/92 ilaa 1685 Schaffelitzky of Mukkadell) sanadkii 1685 magaalada waxaa si buuxda u lahaa Duke of Württemberg - [[Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental|Frederick Charles]] laakiin dhakhso ayaa loo iibiyay mar nữa, Baron Johann Gottlob von Zobel oo ka tirsanaa Giebelstadt dhaxalka leh ee meesha. Dhaxalkiisuna waxay magaalada iibiyeen 1727 Landeshofmeisterin [[Wilhelmine von Grävenitz|Wilhelmine of Würben]]. Ilaa 1731–1733 Duke [[Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg|Eberhard Louis]], wuxuu iibsaday magaalada. Magaalada laguma darin [[Duchy of Württemberg]], laakiin waxaa loo ilaaliyay sidii 'Hofkammergut' oo ku taal Württemberg 'Kameralverwaltung'. Markii Württemberg Oberamt Besigheim la kala diray 1938, Freudental waxay timid degmada Ludwigsburg, halkaas oo ay ku taallo. == Diinta == Freudental waxay ahayd badnaan Protestant tan iyo [[Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta]]. Xataa maanta waxaa weli ka jira kaniisad Protestant ah oo ku taal magaalada. Waxaa sidoo kale weli ka jira bulsho yar oo ka tirsan [[New Apostolic Church]]. Catholics-ka bulshada Roomaanka Katooliga waxay ku cibaadaystaan diintooda Besigheim. Laga soo bilaabo qaybtii hore ee qarnigii 18-aad waxaa jiray bulsho Yuhuud ah oo muhiim ah oo ku taal Freudental iyo bartamihii qarnigii 19-aad in ka badan 40 boqolkiiba dadka deggan waxay ahaayeen Yuhuud. Sannadkii 1832 xaruntii Bezirksrabbinats Freudental. Magaaladu waxay la kulantay - sida bulshooyinka kale ee Yuhuudda miyiga ah - hoos u dhac ku yimid tirada dhamaadka qarnigii 19-aad. Waxaa ugu dambeyntii baabi'iyay cadaadiskii Yuhuudda intii lagu jiray [[Nazi Germany|maamulkii Naasiga]]. Laga soo bilaabo bulshadii hal mar muhiimka ahayd waxaa weli la arki karaa sunagogii hore ee la dhisay 1770 gudaha Freudental iyo Yuhuudda deriska la ah Schlössle, taas oo lixdii qoys ee Yuhuudda ee ugu horreeyay ee deegaanka ka yimid 1723 ay ku lahaayeen guryo, iyo xabaashi Yuhuuda (oo ku taal Bönnigheimer Mountain). Xusuusta muwaadiniinta Yuhuudda ee la silciyay oo la dilay waxaa derbiga qalcadda ku yaal loox xusuus ah, looxo kale ayaa la dhigay tan iyo 1988 bilowgii iyo dhamaadka Strombergstrasse iyada oo la xasuusanayo deganaanshaha Yuhuudda ee qarniyada jirta ee waxa maxalli ah loogu aqoonsaday "waddada Yuhuudda". Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii II ee Adduunka]] qaar badan oo ka mid ah dhismayaasheen madhan ee hore u hoyday qoysaska Yuhuudda waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu dejiyo dadka rayidka ah ee qaxootiga ah ee ka yimid magaalooyinka oo guryahooda lagu burburiyay weerarrada bambooyinka ee xulafada. Dagaalka ka dib qaar ka mid ah qaxootigan waxay ka caawiyeen ciidamadii qabsaday ururinta magdhowga beeraleyda iyo mulkiilayaasha dhulka ee ka faa'iideysay hantidii ay 'ka tageen' dadka Yuhuudda. [[File:Evangelische Kirche Freudental August 2013.jpg|thumb|150px|Evangelic church, 2013]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{Official website|http://www.freudental.de}} *[https://www.pkc-freudental.de Former Synagogue] {{Authority control}} o4b4nyjilcinpuhw2nxjp3yshf84lrc 0 50730 305031 2026-08-12T14:52:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Frickingen Wappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|47|48|45|N|09|16|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frickingen in FN.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Bodenseekreis |elevation = 473 |area = 26.43 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08435015 |postal_code = 88699 |area_code = 07554 |licence = FN |website = [http://www.frickingen.de/ www.frickingen.de] |mayor = Jürgen Stukle<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-frickingen-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Frickingen 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 }} '''Frickingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁɪkɪŋən}}) waa degmo iyo tuulo ku taal degmada [[Bodensee (district)|Bodensee]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} en25jf9f03buhwz1cmaqsjarja8ondq 0 50731 305032 2026-08-12T14:54:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Fridingen an der Donau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|01|14|N|08|55|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fridingen an der Donau in TUT.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Tuttlingen |elevation = 626 |area = 22.47 |postal_code = 78567 |area_code = 07463 |licence = TUT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 27 016 |website = [http://www.fridingen.de www.fridingen.de] |mayor = Stefan Waizeneggger<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Fridingen an der Donau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁiːdɪŋən an deːɐ̯ ˈdoːnaʊ|lang|De-Fridingen.ogg}}, {{lit|Fridingen on the Donau}}), oo si caadi ah loogu yaqaan '''Fridingen''', waa magaalo ku taal [[Tuttlingen (district)|degmada Tuttlingen]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Danube]], 10&nbsp;km bari ka xigta [[Tuttlingen]], iyo 23&nbsp;km galbeed ka xigta [[Sigmaringen]]. Kayd weyn oo ah dahab/jawaahir [[Bronze Age|Da'dii Naxaasta]] (badanaa jijimooyinka gacanta iyo curcurka) ayaa laga helay agagaarka magaalada qarnigii 19-aad. Hadda waxay qayb ka tahay ururinta taariikhda hore ee Yurub ee [[British Museum]].<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?place=25766&plaA=25766-3-2 British Museum Collection]</ref> == Dadka caanka ah ee magaalada == * Josef Feger (1920–2010), duqa magaalada [[Leutkirch im Allgäu]] * Josef Hipp (1927–1959), ciyaaryahan * Paul Ackermann (dhashay 1939), saynisyahan siyaasadeed == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rawhf27cc84lmjgmy7lvjxrjjpmfsqr 0 50732 305033 2026-08-12T14:55:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fridolfing COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|0|N|12|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fridolfing in TS.svg |image_photo = MariäHimmelfahrt Fridolfing.JPG |image_caption = Qiyaastii Kaniisadda Bikradda Maryan |state = Bavaria |region = Oberbayern |district = Traunstein |elevation = 388 |area = 44.22 |postal_code = 83413 |area_code = 08684 |licence = TS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 89 118 |website = [http://www.fridolfing.de/ www.fridolfing.de] |mayor = Johann Schild<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Fridolfing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁiːdɔlfɪŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Traunstein (district)|Traunstein]] ee [[Bavaria]], Jarmalka. [[File:Fridolfing Panorama.JPG|thumb|Panorama]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ps2xy5bnw3fx27tvnq4cy6ecbzbcfx2 0 50733 305034 2026-08-12T14:57:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 62 005 |type = |name = Friedeburg |image_flag = Flagge Friedeburg.svg |image_coa = DEU Friedeburg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|27|N|7|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedeburg in WTM.svg |state = |district = Wittmund |elevation = 3 |area = 164 |postal_code = 26446 |area_code = 0 44 65 |licence = WTM |divisions = 12 districts |website = [http://www.friedeburg.de/ www.friedeburg.de] |mayor = Helfried Goetz<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = independent }} '''Friedeburg''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Wittmund (district)|Wittmund]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 14&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Wittmund]], iyo 20&nbsp;km galbeed ka xigta [[Wilhelmshaven]]. Qiyaastii 4 kilomitir bari ka xigta tuulada weyn ee Friedeburg, oo u dhow tuulada yar ee lagu magacaabo Etzel, waxaa ku taal mid ka mid ah [[salt dome|kombuyuutarada cusbada]] ee ugu weyn Yurub. Qaab-dhismeedkan juqraafiyeed waa qayb ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka [[Zechstein Group]] ee 240 milyan sano jir ah. Qubbad cusbada, oo leh muggeedu yahay 46 milyan mitir cubic, waxay hoy u tahay [[natural gas storage|kaydinta gaaska dabiiciga ah]] ee muhiimka ah iyo kaydinta saliidda ceyriinta. Bishii Febraayo, 2022, dowladda Lower Saxony waxay go'aansatay inay kafaala qaaddo xaqiiqada [[underground hydrogen storage|kaydinta hydrogen ee dhulka hoostiisa]] halkaas sidoo kale. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} c75gj4ne909gyppgkm7enit2sxu4wdt 0 50734 305035 2026-08-12T14:59:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Friedelshausen.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|40|N|10|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedelshausen in SM.png |state = |district = Schmalkalden-Meiningen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Wasungen-Amt Sand |elevation = 440 |area = 6.91 |postal_code = 98634 |area_code = 036940 |licence = SM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 66 025 |website = [http://www.vg-wasungen.de/friedelshausen.htm www.vg-wasungen.de] |mayor = Michael Kirchner<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Friedelshausen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Schmalkalden-Meiningen]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ccb1u4agpotbo0kqqdkrp126vmwurek 0 50735 305036 2026-08-12T15:01:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Friedenau |name_local = |image_photo = Rathaus B-Friedenau 12-2017.jpg |image_caption = Hoolka dawladda hoose |type = Quarter |City = Berlin |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|28|20|N|13|19|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = Berlin |district = |borough = Tempelhof-Schöneberg |divisions = |elevation = 40 |area = 1.65 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=110702}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = 12159, 12161 |area_code = |licence = B |year = 1871 |plantext = Location of Friedenau in Tempelhof-Schöneberg and Berlin |image_plan = Berlin Tempelhof-Schoeneberg Friedenau.png |website = }} '''Friedenau''' ({{IPA|de|ˌfriːdəˈnaʊ̯|lang|De-Friedenau.ogg}}) waa degmo (''Ortsteil'') ka tirsan [[Boroughs of Berlin|degmada]] (''Bezirk'') ee [[Tempelhof-Schöneberg]] ee Berlin, Jarmalka. Dhinaca dhulka marka la eego waa mid yar oo is haysta, cufnaanta dadkeeduna waxay ahayd tii ugu sarraysay magaalada dhexdeeda.<ref>{{in lang|de}} [http://www.statistik-berlin.de/berl/regional/bez_ort_stg2005.pdf Boroughs, Localities, and Statistical Tracts from Berlin's Statistical Office] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060127000653/http://www.statistik-berlin.de/berl/regional/bez_ort_stg2005.pdf |date=27 January 2006 }}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Friedenau waa qayb ka mid ah xaafadaha koonfur-galbeed, isla xadka ay la leedahay degmada gudaha magaalada ee [[Schöneberg]], oo ay kala saaraan [[Berlin Ringbahn]] iyo wadada weyn ee [[Bundesautobahn 100|BAB 100]] (''Stadtring''). Waxay xuduud la leedahay deegaanka [[Wilmersdorf]] dhanka galbeed iyo [[Steglitz]] dhanka koonfureed. Waddooyinka iyo fagaarayaasha waxaa loo habeeyay iyadoo la raacayo [[urban design|naqshad magaalo]] joomateri ah oo wata dhismooyin [[Gründerzeit]] ah oo ku dhowaad dhammaystiran, kuwaas oo ka badbaaday [[bombing of Berlin in World War II|duqeymtii Berlin ee Dagaalkii II ee Adduunka]]. == Qorshaynta magaalooyinka == Astaamaha lagu garto Friedenau waa qaab-dhismeedkeeda [[Carstenn layout]], oo loogu magac daray horumariyaha magaalada Johann Anton Wilhelm von Carsten. Qaabkan summaynaysan wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Street|waddo weyn]] oo kala qaybisay waddo wareeg ah, taas oo ay xadeenayaan afar [[town square|fagaare oo magaalo ah]]. Qaar ka mid ah waddooyinka ku yaal Friedenau waxaa loogu magac daray webiyada ku yaal [[Alsace-Lorraine]] si loo xuso ku biirinta gobolkan ee [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]]. Inta badan dhismayaasha Friedenau waxay soo jeedaan horraantii qarnigii 20-aad. Sida darteed, qaababka dhismaha ayaa ah kuwo isku mid ah oo wadaag ah. 185 dhisme ayaa laga ilaaliyaa inay yihiin [[cultural heritage management|goobo hidaha dhaqanka ah]]. Horumarinta casriga ah ee dambe had iyo jeer ma waafaqdo muuqaalka magaalada ee ku xeeran, maadaama dadaallada dib-u-dhiska ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii II ee Adduunka]], gaar ahaan sannadihii hore, ay tixgelin yar siiyeen ilaalinta isku midnimada dhismaha. == Taariikhda == [[File:Sintflutbrunnen1 Perelsplatz Berlin.JPG|thumb|left|Friedenau: Deluge-Fountain at Perelsplatz]] 1871 waxaa lagu aas-aasay degmo [[commuter town|shaqaleeya oo soo raaca tareenka]] oo hodan ah oo ku taal dhulkii hore ee [[Wilmersdorf|Deutsch-Wilmersdorf]]. Magaca Jarmalka ah ee ''Friedenau'', oo tilmaamaya ''Frieden'' (nabad) iyo suffix-ka ''-au'' oo macneheedu yahay [[floodplain|dhulka daadka]] (sidaas darteed "daadadka nabadda"), waxaa soo jeedisay Hedwig Hähnel, oo ahayd xaaska dhismaha Hermann Hähnel, iyada oo xusuusata [[Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)|Heshiiskii Nabadda ee Frankfurt]] ee 1871, kaas oo soo afjaray [[Franco-Prussian War|Dagaalkii Faransiiska iyo Prussiya]]. Waxaa qaatay Mr. Hähnel, oo markaas ahaa agaasimaha ''Landerwerb- und Bauverein auf Actien'' (inc.), kaas oo horumariyay hantida ma-guurtada ah ee aagga.<ref>Cf. "Kleine Chronik von Friedenau", in: ''Schöneberg-Friedenauer Lokal Anzeiger'' (Jubiläumsausgabe 1874–1924), 9 November 1924, republished in: Hermann Ebling, ''Friedenau: aus dem Leben einer Landgemeinde 1871–1924; eine Dokumentation'', Berlin: Zinsmeister & Grass, 1986, p. 33. {{ISBN|3-9801309-0-8}}</ref> Markii 1874 aaggu uu ka noqday degmo madaxbannaan oo ka tirsan [[Province of Brandenburg]], magacaabistu hore ayay u dhisnayd waxayna noqotay magaca rasmiga ah ee degmada. Friedenau waxay furtay qabuuraha degmada ee aan diiniga ahayn, oo maanta ah [[Städtischer Friedhof III]], kaas oo dhakhso u noqday mid aad u yar. Sidaa darteed 1909 Friedenau waxay iibsatay dhul ku yaal Güterfelde (oo maanta ah qayb ka mid ah [[Stahnsdorf]]) oo ah xabaalo dheeraad ah, iyadoo aasitaankii ugu horreeyay uu dhacay 1913. La-taliyaha dhismaha degmada Friedenau Hans Altmann wuxuu u naqshadeeyay xabaalaha kaniisad tacsiyeed, xafiis, guriga beeralayda, dukaanka ubaxa, kuraas iyo il biyo ah iyo sidoo kale shabaq waddooyin ah oo dib u soo celinaya shabaqa waddooyinka ee Friedenau. Laga soo bilaabo Juun 1913 xabaalaha waxaa laga heli jiray iyada oo loo marayo waxa loogu yeero khadka tareenka xabaalaha kaas oo ku dhammaanayay [[Stahnsdorf station|saldhigga Stahnsdorf]]. Friedenau waxay ku biirtay magaalada [[Schöneberg]] 1920 - magaca dambe hoostiisa - iyada oo ah degmada maamulka 11-aad ee hore ee [[Greater Berlin Act|Berlin Weyn]]. Waqti gaaban gudahood laga bilaabo 29 Abriil ilaa 30 Juun 1945, markii [[Red Army|Ciidanka Cas]] ay qabsadeen dhammaan Berlin, waxay ahayd degmo madaxbannaan, ilaa laga midoobay Schöneberg oo ah degmo ka tirsan qaybtii Maraykanka ee [[West Berlin|Berlin Galbeed]]. Xabaalaha Güterfelde, tan iyo 1920 loogu yeero ''Xabaalaha Kaynta ee Schöneberg'' waxaa maamulayay tan iyo 1935 [[Wilmersdorf|Degmada Wilmersdorf]] ee Berlin, oo lagu magacaabo [[Wilmersdorfer Waldfriedhof Güterfelde]] ({{langx|de|[[:de:Wilmersdorfer Waldfriedhof Güterfelde|Wilmersdorfer Waldfriedhof Güterfelde]]}}). Ka dib 1945 xabaalaha waxay ku dhacday [[Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany|Aagga Qabsashada Soofiyeedka]] iyo ka dib [[German Democratic Republic|Jarmalka Bari]] (GDR), sidaas darteed iyada oo ay kordhayso xayiraaddii bariga ee Berlin Galbeed xabaalaha waxay noqotay mid aan loo geli karin dadka deggan Friedenau. 5 Abriil 1986 bam ayaa ku qarxay goobtiisa [[1986 Berlin discotheque bombing|La Belle]] oo ahayd shineemo hore oo ku taal Hauptstraße 78, taas oo dishay haweeney Turkish ah iyo laba askari oo Mareykan ah isla markaana dhaawacday dad badan. Loox xusuus ah ayaa calaamad u ah goobta. == Dadka caanka ah == Friedenau waxay mark iyo waliba ahayd hoy ay degaan fannaano hal abuur leh, gaar ahaan qoraayaal. Dadka caanka ah ee halkaas degay waxaa ka mid ah: * [[Max Bruch]], muusikiiste, Albestraße 3, * [[Hans Magnus Enzensberger]], gabyaa iyo qoraa, Fregestraße&nbsp;19,<ref>about the history of this house in Fregestraße see: Christian H. Freitag: Ritter, Reichsmarschall & Revoluzzer. Aus der Geschichte eines Berliner Landhauses. Berlin 2015</ref> * [[Max Frisch]], dhise iyo qoraa, Sarrazinstraße&nbsp;8, * [[Günter Grass]], qoraa, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Ku-guulaysta Abaalmarinta Nobel ee Suugaanta]], Niedstraße&nbsp;13, * [[Georg Hermann]], qoraa, Bundesallee&nbsp;68 iyo&nbsp;108 (waqtigaas ''Kaiserallee'') iyo Stubenrauchstraße&nbsp;5, * [[Theodor Heuss]], madaxweynihii dambe ee Jarmalka, Fregestraße&nbsp;80, * [[Kurt Hiller]], qoraa, Hähnelstraße&nbsp;9, * [[Hannah Höch]], farshaxaniste, Büsingstraße&nbsp;16, * [[Uwe Johnson]], qoraa, Niedstraße&nbsp;14 iyo Stierstraße&nbsp;3, * [[Erich Kästner]], qoraa Niedstraße&nbsp;5 (oo wata xoghaytiisa Elfriede Mechnig), * [[Karl Kautsky]], siyaasadda, Saarstraße&nbsp;14, * [[Heinrich Klemme]], aasaasaha istuudiyaha filimada iyo agaasimaha (The Pamir, 1959) * [[Adam Kuckhoff]], qoraa, [[German resistance to Nazism|dagaalyahan iska caabin ah]], Wilhelmshöher Straße&nbsp;18, * [[Friedrich Luft]], dhaliisha riwaayadaha, Bundesallee&nbsp;74, *[[Rosa Luxemburg]], faylasoof iyo dhaqaaleyahan, Cranachstraße&nbsp;58, * [[Hildegard Moniac]], macallimad iyo u ololeeye * [[Herta Müller]], qoraa, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Ku-guulaysta Abaalmarinta Nobel ee Suugaanta]], Menzelstraße&nbsp;2, * [[Bernd Pohlenz]], sawir-gacmeedyada, Rotdornstraße,<ref>Interview - Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung March 1990.</ref> * [[Rainer Maria Rilke]], gabyaa ereyo macaan, Rheingaustraße&nbsp;8, * [[Karl Schmidt-Rottluff]], rinjiile, Niedstraße&nbsp;14 iyo Stierstraße&nbsp;3, * [[Walter Trier]], soo jiidaha iyo sawir-qaadaha, Elsastraße&nbsp;2, * [[Kurt Tucholsky]], majaajiliste iyo qoraa, Bundesallee&nbsp;79 (hore ''Kaiserallee''). == Gaadiidka == [[File:Zum Guten Hirten B-Friedenau 06-2017.jpg|thumb|Good Shepherd Church on Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz]] Friedenau waxay haysataa marin loo helo shabakadda [[Berlin U-Bahn]] ee saldhigga [[Berlin Innsbrucker Platz station|Innsbrucker Platz]] ([[U4 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U4]]) iyo sidoo kale saldhigyada [[Berlin Bundesplatz station|Bundesplatz]], [[Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn)|Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz]] iyo [[Walther-Schreiber-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn)|Walther-Schreiber-Platz]] ([[U9 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U9]]). Adeegga [[Berlin S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] waxaa laga heli karaa saldhigyada Bundesplatz iyo Innsbrucker Platz ee [[Berlin Ringbahn|Ringbahn]]. Saldhigga dhow ee [[Berlin-Friedenau railway station|Friedenau]] ee khadka [[S1 (Berlin)|S1]] ayaa dhab ahaantii ku yaal deriska [[Schöneberg]]. Deegaanka waxaa lagu gaari karaa sidoo kale iyada oo la marayo [[Bundesautobahn 100]] (''Stadtring'') isgoysyada ''Wexstraße'' iyo ''Innsbrucker Platz'' iyo iyada oo la marayo [[Bundesautobahn 103]] (''Westtangente''), sidoo kale [[Bundesstraße 1]], ee ''Saarstraße''. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Städtischer Friedhof III]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Berlin-Friedenau|Friedenau}} {{Authority control}} a6rlffa7n2r5fra54hy52apz03ytg5j 0 50736 305037 2026-08-12T15:03:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Friedenfels COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|52|N|12|07|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedenfels in TIR.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Tirschenreuth |elevation = 537 |area = 16.28 |postal_code = 95688 |area_code = 09683 |licence = TIR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 77 118 |divisions = 12 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.friedenfels.de/ www.friedenfels.de] |mayor = Oskar Schuster<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Friedenfels''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Tirschenreuth (district)|Tirschenreuth]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} da4anu55bzm538ap7f26ivm4k4elp2b 0 50737 305038 2026-08-12T15:04:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Friedenweiler COA.svg |image_photo = Rötenbach (Baden) Rathaus.jpg |image_caption = Town hall |coordinates = {{coord|47|55|3|N|8|15|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedenweiler in FR.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald |elevation = 900 |area = 27.08 |postal_code = 79877 |area_code = 07654 |licence = FR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 15 039 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.friedenweiler.de/ www.friedenweiler.de] |mayor = Josef Matt<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 11 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Friedenweiler''' waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay u jirtaa 10&nbsp;km waqooyi ka xigta [[Titisee-Neustadt]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f61w68pix6m5rnzx7i1kby02hsdqgz5 305039 305038 2026-08-12T15:04:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Friedenweiler COA.svg |image_photo = Rötenbach (Baden) Rathaus.jpg |image_caption = Hoolka dawladda hoose |coordinates = {{coord|47|55|3|N|8|15|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedenweiler in FR.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald |elevation = 900 |area = 27.08 |postal_code = 79877 |area_code = 07654 |licence = FR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 15 039 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.friedenweiler.de/ www.friedenweiler.de] |mayor = Josef Matt<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 11 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Friedenweiler''' waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] koonfurta [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay u jirtaa 10&nbsp;km waqooyi ka xigta [[Titisee-Neustadt]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} q2zoholnkrgp1w6jkilvjcagsm07jkr 0 50738 305040 2026-08-12T15:06:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Friedewald |image_photo = FriedewaldWesterwaldPanorama1.jpg |image_coa = DEU Friedewald COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50.71145|7.96117|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedewald in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Daaden-Herdorf |elevation = 440 |area = 7.1 |postal_code = 57520 |area_code = 02743 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 036 |website = {{url|http://www.friedewald-ww.de/}} |mayor = Karl-Heinz Buhl<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Friedewald''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁiːdəvalt}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Gaadiidka == [[File:Linie 277, 1, Friedewald, Landkreis Altenkirchen.jpg|thumb|right|Local bus in Friedewald]] Friedewald wakhtigii hore waxay lahayd marin adeeg tareen oo ka tirsan [[Scheuerfeld–Emmerzhausen railway|Westerwald railway]], taas oo hadda ka baxday shaqada. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8ah3adegqr1ujy894lyvfk7jfy7o7i5 0 50739 305041 2026-08-12T15:07:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|09|N|08|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedrichsgabekoog in HEI.PNG |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = Büsum-Wesselburen |elevation = 0 |area = 8.62 |postal_code = 25764 |area_code = 04833, 04834 u. 04839 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 033 |website = |mayor = Paul Heinrich Dörscher }} '''Friedrichsgabekoog''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁiːdʁɪçsɡaːbəˌkoːk}}, {{lit|[[Koog]] of [[Frederick IV of Denmark|Frederick]]’s Gift}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 6i864zuxq0dqk3pgp2jeiqyvsfm2v3b 0 50740 305042 2026-08-12T15:09:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Friedrichsgraben.png |image_coa = DEU Friedrichsgraben COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|16|N|9|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedrichsgraben in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Hohner Harde |elevation = 3 |area = 5.39 |postal_code = 24799 |area_code = 04339 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 055 |website = [http://www.amt-hohner-harde.de/ www.amt-hohner-<br />harde.de] |mayor = Helmuth Kuhrt |party = }} '''Friedrichsgraben''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 4si1avdpkq6sy82ymwg5zf77baphtr4 0 50741 305043 2026-08-12T15:10:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Friedrichsholm.png |image_coa = DEU Friedrichsholm COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|18|20|N|9|25|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedrichsholm in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Hohner Harde |elevation = 10 |area = 7.13 |postal_code = 24799 |area_code = 04339 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 056 |website = [https://www.amt-hohner-harde.de/ www.amt-hohner-<br />harde.de] |mayor = Jörg Rathje |party = }} '''Friedrichsholm''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 60rc4e8sof65mwjhlaz4c8zxd01j6ls 0 50742 305044 2026-08-12T15:12:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Friedrichskoog Galeriehollaendermuehle Vergissmeinnicht-01.jpg |image_flag = Flagge Friedrichskoog.svg |image_coa = DE Friedrichskoog COA inofficial.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|1|N|8|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedrichskoog in HEI.PNG |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = Marne-Nordsee |elevation = 0 |area = 53.27 |postal_code = 25718 |area_code = 04854, 04856 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 034 |mayor = Karl Heinrich Thomsen }} [[File:Friedrichskoog mit windraeders.jpg|thumb|Friedrichskoog mit windraeders]] '''Friedrichskoog''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁiːdʁɪçsˌkoːk}}; {{langx|nds|Friechskouch}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dithmarschen region |url=https://www.friedrichskoog.de/natur-region/region-dithmarschen/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=Friedrichskoog Nordsee |language=de}}</ref> Waxay ku taal meel u dhow halka uu webiga [[Elbe]] ka baxo badda [[North Sea|Badda Waqooyi]], qiyaastii 25&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Heide]], iyo 25&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Cuxhaven]]. Degmada waxay ku taal oo loogu magac daray [[koog|polder]], kaas oo loogu magac daray sharafta Boqor [[Frederick VII of Denmark|Frederick VII ee Denmark]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o3o0o8uudjvhq0rygkxfzq5h9mkmp8v 0 50743 305045 2026-08-12T15:14:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |image_photo = Windmühle in Goldenbow.JPG |image_caption = Windmills |coordinates = {{coord|53|32|N|11|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedrichsruhe in LUP.svg |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Crivitz |elevation = 49 |area = 34.66 |postal_code = 19374 |area_code = 038723 |licence = PCH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 038 |divisions = 6 |website = [http://www.amt-crivitz.de/index.phtml?view-234&SpecialTop=221 http://www.amt-crivitz.de/] |mayor = Wolfgang Reichow }} '''Friedrichsruhe''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Commons category-inline|Friedrichsruhe}} {{Authority control}} otfqib4vajom9auhaz0ayryffd5wrd6 0 50744 305046 2026-08-12T15:16:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Friedrichstadt<br><small>Frederiksstad</small> |type = Stadt |image_photo = File:Friedrichstadt Holländerhäuser Sleeswijk-Holstein Duitsland.jpg |image_caption = Koox ka kooban dhammaan 9-ka guri oo leh jaranjaro jaranjaro ah ("Holländerhäuser") oo ku taal dhinaca galbeed ee suuqa |image_coa = DEU Friedrichstadt COA.svg |image_flag = File:Flag of Friedrichstadt.png |coordinates = {{coord|54|22|N|9|04|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedrichstadt in NF.PNG |state = Schleswig-Holstein |district = Nordfriesland |elevation = 6 |area = 4.02 |postal_code = 25840 |area_code = 04881 |licence = NF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 54 033 |mayor = Peter Hofmann }} '''Friedrichstadt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁiːdʁɪçˌʃtat|lang|De-Friedrichstadt.ogg}}; {{langx|nds|Frieestadt}}; {{langx|da|Frederiksstad}}; {{langx|frr|Fräärstää}}; {{langx|nl|Frederikstad aan de Eider}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Nordfriesland]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Eider River|Eider]] qiyaastii 12&nbsp;km (7 mayl) koonfur ka xigta [[Husum, Germany|Husum]]. == Taariikhda == Magaalada waxaa la aas-aasay 1621kii dad degan oo u dhashay Holland. [[Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp|Duke Friedrich III of Holstein-Gottorp]] ayaa ku qanciyay inay geliyaan raasamaal iyo aqoon gobolkan beddelka xorriyadda diimahooda [[Mennonite|Mennonite]] iyo [[Remonstrant]] (''eeg: [[Arminianism]]'') iyo fursado lagu soo ceshto dhulka qoyan iyo marsh ee u dhow magaalada. Mid ka mid ah ayaa ahaa [[Johannes Narssius]]. Holland waxay noqotay luqad rasmiga ah. Magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray Duke Frederick. Ilaa 1630, Arminians badan ayaa horay ugu laabtay Netherlands. Int u dhaxaysa 1633 iyo 1637 Frederick III wuxuu u diray ergay Tsar [[Michael I of Russia]] iyo [[Shah Safi]] ee [[Persia]] isagoo u jeeda inuu ka dhigo Friedrichstadt xarun ganacsi oo Yurub ah. Ergada waxaa hoggaaminayay [[jurisconsult|sharciga]] [[Philipp Crusius|Philip Crusius]] iyo ganacsadaha [[Otto Brüggemann (merchant)|Otto Bruggemann]] ama Brugman; Xoghayhahooda, aqoonyahanka [[Adam Olearius]], ayaa markii dambe qoray buug ka hadlaya ergada. Ujeeddada ah in la abuuro waddo ganacsi oo joogto ah oo aan u baahnayn in ay ku wareegto Africa lama gaarin, ergada waxay caddaysay mid aan miro dhal ahayn mana aysan noqon magaaladu sidii la filayay mid guulaysatay. Marka laga reebo Remonstrants iyo Mennonites, bulshooyinka kale ee iimaanka ee degay magaalada waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Unitarianism|Unitarians]], [[Quakers]], [[Catholicism|Catholics]] iyo [[Jews|Yuhuudda]]. == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * [[Johannes Thedens]] (1680–1748), [[Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies]] 1741/1743. * [[Benjamin Calau]] (1724–1785), fanaan muuqda oo isticmaalay farsamada [[Encaustic painting|encaustic]]. * [[Eduard Alberti]] (1827–1898), taariikhyahan suugaaneed iyo faylasoof. * [[Wilhelm Mannhardt]] (1831–1880), aqoonyahan iyo [[folklorist]] *[[William George Thordsen|William Thordsen]] (1879–1932), qofka helay billadda sharafta ee US Navy *[[Norbert Masur]] (1901–1971), qandaraaslaha hoose ee Golaha Yuhuudda Adduunka ===Ku xiran Friedrichstadt=== * [[Wolfgang Marcus Gualtherus]], (qiyaastii 1580-1642 ee Friedrichstadt), maamule ka tirsan Kampen iyo xoghayaha magaalada ee Friedrichstadt. * [[Jürgen Ovens]] (1623–1678), ardaygii Rembrandt iyo rinjiile maxkamadeed ee amiirradii Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, halkaas ayuu ku noolaa waxaana lagu aasay Kaniisadda St. Christophorus * [[Louis Philippe I]] (1773–1850) wuxuu ku noolaa dhowr bilood isagoo ka cararaya Kacaankii Faransiiska, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay buste hoostiisa macallin guriga ah.<ref>{{Cite EB9 |wstitle= Louis-Philippe |volume= XV |page= |short= 1}}</ref> * [[Hjalmar Schacht]] (1877–1970), siyaasiga Jarmalka, bangiga, madaxweynaha Reichsbank iyo Reichswirtschaftsminister, ayeeyadiis iyo awowgiis waxay ku noolaayeen halkan ==Sawirro== <gallery> Friedrichstadt Holländerhäuser Sleeswijk-Holstein Duitsland markt waterpomp uit 1879.jpg|Waterpump from 1879 File:Friedrichstadt straatbeeld met Hollandse huizen Holländerhäuser Sleeswijk-Holstein Duitsland.jpg|Streetview with Dutch architecture Friedrichstadt remonstrantenkirche.jpg|[[Remonstrant]] church Friedrichstadt Detail Remonstrantse Kerk Sleeswijk-Holstein Duitsland.jpg|Detail Remonstrant church Am Mittelburgwall, Friedrichstadt 2016.jpg|Streetview Friedrichstadt Mennonietenkerk te Friedrichstadt.jpg|Mennonites church Friedrichstadt Nederlandstalige grafsteen uit 1725 op het Mennonietenkerkhof.jpg|Dutch gravestone 1725 in the Mennonite cemetery File:Friedrichstadt alte synagoge.jpg|Former synagogue File:Am Mittelburgwall 32 4.jpg|House brand with the monogram of the Danish king File:Mittelburggraben3.jpg|Building used by the Unitarians </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://home.planet.nl/~farjo001/fstadt.htm In search of the Dutch origin of Friedrichstadt and the surrounding polderlands, including walking tour] *[http://www.friedrichstadt.de Friedrichstadt's official homepage.] {{Authority control}} ilv6n5nyoes32izkzttvjnz6gli48q9 0 50745 305047 2026-08-12T15:18:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Friedrichsthal |image_photo = Rathaus in 66299 Friedrichsthal.jpg |image_caption = Hoolka dawladda hoose |image_coa = DEU Friedrichsthal COA.svg |image_flag = DEU Friedrichsthal Flag (Saarland).svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|19|32|N|7|5|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedrichsthal in SB.svg |state = |district = Saarbrücken |elevation = 300 |area = 9.07 |postal_code = 66293–66299 |area_code = 06897 |licence = SB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 10 0 41 511 |divisions = 3 |website = {{url|https://www.friedrichsthal.de/}} |mayor = Christian Jung<ref>[https://www.saarland.de/stat/DE/_downloads/aktuelleTabellen/Wahlen/Direktwahlen/Gew%C3%A4hlte_B%C3%BCrgermeister_und_Landr%C3%A4te_im_Saarland.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=11 Gewählte Ober-/Bürgermeister*innen, Landrät*innen und Regionalverbandsdirektor*in im Saarland], Statistisches Amt des Saarlandes, 27 March 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;30 |party = SPD }} '''Friedrichsthal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁiːdʁɪçsˌtaːl|-|De-Friedrichsthal.ogg}}) waa magaalo iyo degmo ku taal degmada [[Saarbrücken (district)|Saarbrücken]], ee [[Saarland]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 13&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Saarbrücken]]. [[Friedrichsthal (Saar) station]] waxay ku taal jidka tareenka ee [[Nahe Valley Railway|Bingen (Rhein)–Saarbrücken railway]]. == Taariikhda == 1723kii ayaa goobta la aas-aasay iyadoo ay la socoto warshad dhalada ah oo uu aas-aasay [[Frederick Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler]]. == Dadka caanka ah ee magaalada == <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Johannes Driessler]] (1921-1998), muusikiiste * [[Joseph Rank (writer)|Joseph Rank]] (1816–1896), qoraa Jarmal-Austrian ah * [[Manfred Römbell]] (1941-2010), qoraa == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 32zghxi5fvf3qvgd5reaqww25fmkv3h 0 50746 305048 2026-08-12T15:20:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo=Friedrichswalde 04 14 27 jiw.jpg|image_caption=Sawirka [[Frederick the Great]], oo ah magac u yaal degmada|image_coa =Wappen Friedrichswalde.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|02|N|13|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friedrichswalde_in_BAR.png |state = |district = Barnim |Amt = Joachimsthal (Schorfheide) |elevation = 75 |area = 45.07 |postal_code = 16247 |area_code = 033367 |licence = BAR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 60 068 |divisions = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.amt-joachimsthal.de www.amt-joachimsthal.de] |mayor = Sven Ströbele<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12060000 Landkreis Barnim Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 27 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Friedrichswalde''' ({{IPA|de|fʁiːdʁɪçsˈvaldə|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Friedrichswalde.wav}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Barnim (district)|Barnim]] ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal keynta dabiiciga ah ee [[Schorfheide]]. == Taariikhda == Laga soo bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1947, Friedrichswalde waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Prussia|Gobolka Prussiya]] ee [[Province of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]], laga bilaabo 1947 ilaa 1952 Gobolka [[Brandenburg]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]] [[Bezirk Frankfurt]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar labaad ee Brandenburg. == Duruufaha Dadweynaha == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Friedrichswalde.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Development of population since 1875 within the current boundaries (Blue line: Population; Dotted line: Comparison to population development of Brandenburg state; Grey background: Time of Nazi rule; Red background: Time of communist rule)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Friedrichswalde: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>ee xudduudaha hadda (2020)<ref>Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1389 | 1890 | 1332 | 1910 | 1428 | 1925 | 1481 | 1933 | 1396 | 1939 | 1338 | 1946 | 1733 | 1950 | 1839 | 1964 | 1374 | 1971 | 1278 | 1981 | 1086 | 1985 | 1033 | 1989 | 1006 | 1990 | 970 | 1991 | 965 | 1992 | 996 | 1993 | 901 | 1994 | 920 | 1995 | 912 | 1996 | 908 | 1997 | 890 | 1998 | 903 | 1999 | 954 | 2000 | 944 | 2001 | 950 | 2002 | 944 | 2003 | 941 | 2004 | 963 | 2005 | 965 | 2006 | 940 | 2007 | 902 | 2008 | 894 | 2009 | 895 | 2010 | 888 | 2011 | 839 | 2012 | 844 | 2013 | 824 | 2014 | 809 | 2015 | 807 | 2016 | 801 | 2017 | 803 | 2018 | 795 | 2019 | 803 | 2020 | 809 }} == Shakhsiyadaha == [[File:Wilhelm Friedrich Graf von Redern um 1845.png|thumb|111px|Wilhelm Friedrich Graf von Redern around 1845]] * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Redern]] (1802–1883), maamulaha guud ee Prussiya iyo siyaasiga, milkiilaha Gut Glambeck * [[Paul Thränert]] (1875–1960), shaqaale urursan, oo ku dhashay Friedrichswalde * [[Bruno Endrejat]] (1908–1945), dagaalyahan iska caabin ah oo ka soo horjeeda Naasigii, oo ku dhashay Friedrichswalde {{clear}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} oo9brjza63tzh6z3xzht5036nz9vfmh 0 50747 305049 2026-08-12T15:21:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Friemar COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|59|N|10|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friemar in GTH.svg |state = |district = Gotha |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Nesseaue |elevation = 285 |area = 9.37 |postal_code = 99869 |area_code = 036258 |licence = GTH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 67 022 |mayor = Katrin Rothlauf<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 10 January 2023.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Friemar''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Gotha (district)|Gotha]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2i85ghg056kqvn3jirrrejoxlwst2hi 0 50748 305050 2026-08-12T15:23:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Friesenried.svg |image_photo = Friesenried 01B.jpg |image_caption = Friesenried |coordinates = {{coord|47|52|N|10|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friesenried in OAL.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Ostallgäu |elevation = 736 |area = 22.26 |postal_code = 87654 |area_code = 08347 |licence = OAL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 77 128 |mayor = Bernhard Huber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [http://www.friesenried.de www.friesenried.de] }} '''Friesenried''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Ostallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Friesenried waxay mataano la tahay magaalada [[North Walsham]] ee [[Norfolk]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons-inline}} {{Authority control}} lu9oghvkiyawbu93p4chhtax4ilb1w1 0 50749 305051 2026-08-12T15:25:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Friesoythe |image_photo = Friesoythe Kirche.JPG |image_caption = Church |image_flag = Flagge Friesoythe.svg |image_coa = Wappen Friesoythe.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|01|14|N|07|51|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friesoythe in CLP.svg |state = |district = Cloppenburg |elevation = 6 |area = 247.14 |postal_code = 26169 |area_code = 0 44 91 |licence = CLP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 53 007 |divisions = <!-- XX [[Ortsteil]]e bzw. [[Stadtbezirk]]e --> |website = [https://www.friesoythe.de/ www.friesoythe.de] |mayor = Sven Stratmann<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Friesoythe''', ({{IPA|de|friːˈzɔʏtə|-|De-Friesoythe.ogg}} or {{IPA|de|friːsˈʔɔʏtə|}}; {{langx|nds|Aithe}}; [[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]: '''Ait''' ama '''Äit''') waa [[town|magaalo]] ku taal degmada [[Cloppenburg (district)|Cloppenburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]], oo ku taal webiga [[Soeste]], {{Convert|25|km}} waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Cloppenburg]], iyo {{Convert|30|km}} koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]]. == Taariikhda == 1227kii, Count [[Otto von Tecklenburg]] wuxuu ka dhigay [[Oite Castle]] oo ku taal Friesoythe, oo hadda la dhisay, degnihiisa. Beeraleyda, ganacsatada iyo farsamoyaqaanada waxay si degdeg ah ugu degeen qalcadda agteeda. Sida hore ee qarnigii 13aad, Friesoythe waxay lahayd xiriir ganacsi oo ballaaran, sida ay caddaynayso lacagtii laga helay Friesoythe, oo ahayd in ka badan 300 oo lacagta qalink ah oo ka timid Cologne, Münster, Osnabrück iyo magaalooyin kale oo ku jiray wareegga ilaa 1235. Xarunta magaalada ee maanta dhakhso ayaa loogu wareegay darbi magaalo oo weyn waxaana muddo dheer loo tixgeliyey mid aan la soo geli karin. 1308 Friesoythe markii ugu horreysay waxaa lagu sheegay magaalo. Friesoythe mararka qaarkood waxaa loogu yeeraa "magaalada Hanseatic" waxayna lahayd mudnaanta Hanseatic. Wax cad ma aha in Friesoythe ay dhab ahaantii ka tirsanayd Ururka Hanseatic. [[File:Friesoythe (Germany), Markplatz, 1906.jpg|thumb|Friesoythe in 1906.]] Friesoythe waxay wadaagtaa dhaqan kala duwan oo taariikhda Lower Saxony ah. Saameynaha dhaqameed ee badan ee [[Culture of Germany|Jarmalka]], [[Anglo-Saxon]], [[Culture of the Netherlands|Holland]], [[East Frisia]], [[Culture of Denmark|Danish]] iyo [[Culture of Sweden|Iswiidhan]] ayaa ka muuqda magaalada iyo [[citizen|muwaadiniinta]]. Magaalada waxay leedahay taageerayaal waaweyn oo [[Roman Catholicism|K Catholics]] ah iyo boqolkiiba yar oo [[Calvinism|Calvinism]] iyo [[Lutheranism]]. Waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Duchy of Oldenburg]] iyo sidoo kale xukunka [[First French Empire|Boqortooyada Faransiiska]] qarnigii 18aad. === Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka === {{Main|Razing of Friesoythe}} [[File:Destruction at Friesoythe, with vehicles of the 4 Canadian Division passing through to reinforce the bridgehead on the Kustenkanal.jpg|thumb|Ruins of Friesoythe after the city was burned by Canadian troops in April 1945.]] Abriil 1945, magaalada Friesoythe waa la daadgureeyay oo waxaa qabsaday [[4th Canadian (Armoured) Division]], oo uu hoggaaminayo General [[Christopher Vokes]]. Inta badan dadweynaha magaalada oo ahaa 4,000 ayaa u guuray miyiga ku xeeran Abriil 11-12, 1945.<ref>The Friesoythe Amtsgericht, or District Court, was closed on April 11th. If the District Court ceased to function on April 11, 1945, the evacuation of the bulk of the civilian population probably took place between April 11th through April 12th 1945. It was clearly a German and not a Canadian initiative. Ferdinand Cloppenburg, Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert, 173.</ref> Magaalada waxaa difaacayay ku dhowaad 200 oo ka tirsan ciidamada dalladda ee Battalion Raabe ee [[7th Parachute Division (Germany)|7th German Parachute Division]].<ref>War Diary, General Staff, 4th Canadian Armoured Division, 1 April 1945-30 April 1945. Appendix 38; dated April 14th, 1945. National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, ON, RG 24, vol. no. 13794. Intelligence report signed: E. Sirluck, Capt.</ref> Ciidamadan dalladda waxay iska caabiyeen weerarkii ugu horreeyay ee [[Lake Superior Scottish Regiment|Lake Superior Regiment (Motor)]] Abriil 13. Guutada Lake Superior waxay ka qaaday laba dhimasho iyo sagaal iyo toban dhaawac ah. Khasaaraha Jarmalku ma cadda. Vokes wuxuu amray in dib loo billaabo weerarka maalintii xigtay ee [[The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's)]] uu hoggaaminayo Lieutenant Colonel Frederick E. Wigle. Weerarkii si fiican buu u socday, iyadoo Argylls ay sugayaan magaalada saacaddu markay ahayd 10:30. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saacaddu markay ahayd 08:30 tiro yar oo ka mid ah askarta Jarmalka ayaa si kedis ah u qabtay xarunta taatikada ee Wigle, iyagoo dilay Wigle iyo dhowr askari oo kale.<ref>Mark Zuehlke, On To Victory: The Canadian Liberation Of The Netherlands, p. 308</ref> Lieutenant Alan Earp wuxuu ka badbaaday rasaas madaxa kaga dhacday.<ref>War Diary, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada, April 14, 1945, pp. 10-11. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, v. 15,005. The same entry for April 14th, 1945, is also reprinted in Robert L. Fraser's Black Yesterdays; the Argylls’s War, p. 431. Interview with Alan Earp.</ref> Vokes wuxuu amray aarsasho degdeg ah. "S sarkaan heer sare ah oo ii ah, oo aan tixgelin iyo jacayl gaar ah u qabay, oo aan xiiso gaar ah u lahaa xagga xirfadda sababtoo ah kartidiisa hoggaamineed, waa la dilay. Kaliya ma aan dilin, waxaa la ii soo sheegay, laakiin dhabarka ayaa laga toogtay".<ref>All the published accounts relate that Col. Wigle was shot in the back. However, Dr. Doug Bryce, the Medical Officer of the Argylls, said that he was shot in the head. Dr. Bryce thought very highly of Wigle ("the most wonderful man I have ever met"). Interview with Dr. Bryce, May 11, 1998.</ref> Sida uu qabo Vokes, "Waan yeeray GSO1-kayga . 'Mac,' ayaan ugu qayliyey, 'Waan gubayaa magaaladaas nacaladaysan.'"<ref>Chris Vokes, Vokes: My Story, 194-195. A similar account of Vokes and his role in the destruction of Friesoythe is found in Tony Foster’s Meeting of Generals, 437.</ref> Cutubyo iyo askari ka tirsan Argylls ayaa si iskood ah u billaabay in ay gubaan dhismayaasha ku yaal Friesoythe iyagoo aarsanaya dhimashada gaashaan-dhaheskooda,<ref>Robert L. Fraser, ''Black Yesterdays; the Argylls' War''. See the section entitled "The Burning of Friesoythe?" on pp. 435–437.</ref> laakiin Vokes markii dambe wuxuu soo saaray amar toos ah,{{for what?|date=April 2020}} waxaana magaalada si nidaamsan loogu shiday dab qori lagu shubay oo ku rakibnaa [[Universal Carrier|Wasp Carriers]]. Burburka waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu xoojiyo waddooyinka degmada ee taangiyada qaybta.<ref name="Foster">Tony Foster, Meeting of Generals, iUniverse, 2000, {{ISBN|978-0595137503}}, p. 437.</ref> Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasta Jarmalka, 85% ilaa 90% magaalada waa la burburiyay, taas oo ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu burbursan Jarmalka waqtigaas.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ferdinand |last=Cloppenburg |chapter=Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert |pages=165, 189 |title=[[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]] |location=Leipzig |publisher=Brockhaus |year=1996 |edition=20th |volume=7 }}</ref> Vokes wuxuu faallo ka bixiyay in uusan lahayn "Wax dareen qoomamo ah oo ku saabsan tirtiridda Friesoythe."<ref name="Foster" />{{sps|date=April 2020}} The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders iyo Lake Superior Regiment (Motor) waxaa la guddoonsiiyay sharafta dagaalka "Friesoythe". === Qarniga 21aad === Friesoythe waxay ka korortay tuulo oo noqotay magaalo yar waxayna wadaagtaa qaab dhismeedka dhaqameed iyo casriga ah ee [[architecture|naqshadda]] Jarmalka, [[Bauhaus]], [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]], [[Renaissance]] iyo [[Baroque]]. Shirkado waaweyn oo [[multinational corporation|caalami ah]] ayaa degay iyagoo siinaya magaalada muuqaal casri ah iyo dareen nool. [[Hospital|Isbitaal]], [[schooling|waxbarasho]], adeeg [[bus|bas]], adeeg [[health|caafimaad]] dhammaantood waxay ka diyaar yihiin bartamaha magaalada. Magaalada waxay leedahay [[communication|isgaarsiinfraas]] iyo [[infrastructure|kaabayaal]] wanaagsan iyo Jarmal Ameerikaan ah, [[Polish people|Boolish]] iyo [[Russians|Ruush]] badan oo ku dhex milmay dadkeeda. == Cimilada == {{Weather box | location = Friesoythe-Altenoythe (1991–2020 normals) | metric first = Y | single line = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan high C = 4.8 |Feb high C = 5.9 |Mar high C = 9.3 |Apr high C = 14.2 |May high C = 18.2 |Jun high C = 21.0 |Jul high C = 23.4 |Aug high C = 23.1 |Sep high C = 19.4 |Oct high C = 14.4 |Nov high C = 8.8 |Dec high C = 5.9 | year high C = 14.0 |Jan mean C = 2.6 |Feb mean C = 3.0 |Mar mean C = 5.3 |Apr mean C = 9.2 |May mean C = 13.2 |Jun mean C = 16.2 |Jul mean C = 18.3 |Aug mean C = 17.8 |Sep mean C = 14.3 |Oct mean C = 10.4 |Nov mean C = 6.1 |Dec mean C = 3.7 |year mean C = 10.0 |Jan low C = 0.2 |Feb low C = 0.4 |Mar low C = 1.8 |Apr low C = 4.4 |May low C = 8.2 |Jun low C = 11.3 |Jul low C = 13.3 |Aug low C = 12.9 |Sep low C = 10.1 |Oct low C = 7.0 |Nov low C = 3.5 |Dec low C = 1.5 | year low C = 6.2 | precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 64.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 53.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 53.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 47.3 |May precipitation mm = 56.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 70.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 77.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 75.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 71.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 61.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 61.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 74.2 | year precipitation mm = 767 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 18.1 |Feb precipitation days = 16.5 |Mar precipitation days = 15.3 |Apr precipitation days = 13.7 |May precipitation days = 13.5 |Jun precipitation days = 14.8 |Jul precipitation days = 14.9 |Aug precipitation days = 14.8 |Sep precipitation days = 14.6 |Oct precipitation days = 17.1 |Nov precipitation days = 17.5 |Dec precipitation days = 19.2 |year precipitation days = 189.8 |Jan sun = 64.7 |Feb sun = 85.2 |Mar sun = 134.7 |Apr sun = 171.0 |May sun = 191.2 |Jun sun = 211.9 |Jul sun = 224.2 |Aug sun = 216.2 |Sep sun = 163.1 |Oct sun = 112.5 |Nov sun = 69.0 |Dec sun = 54.5 |year sun = 1698.2 |Jan humidity = 89.4 |Feb humidity = 85.7 |Mar humidity = 81.5 |Apr humidity = 76.7 |May humidity = 74.7 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 77.6 |Aug humidity = 79.8 |Sep humidity = 85.3 |Oct humidity = 87.0 |Nov humidity = 90.4 |Dec humidity = 90.5 |unit snow days = 1.0 cm |Jan snow days = 4.3 |Feb snow days = 3.5 |Mar snow days = 1.6 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0.1 |Nov snow days = 0.7 |Dec snow days = 2.9 |year snow days = | source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012154006/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Friesoythe-Altenoythe_10210.csv | archive-date = 12 October 2023 | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Friesoythe-Altenoythe_10210.csv | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref> }} * == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Wilhelm Abeln]] (1894–1969), beeraley iyo siyaasi, xubin ka tirsan Oldenburg Landtag * [[Monika Hilker]] (dhashay 1959), bayoolaji * [[Franz-Josef Holzenkamp]] (dhashay 1969), siyaasi (CDU) * [[Heinrich Totting von Oyta]] (c. 1330–1397), aqoonyahan iyo faylasoof, oo ah aasaasaha Kulliyadda Fiiqiga Katolika ee Jaamacadda Vienna * [[Lukas Reinken]] (dhashay 1995), siyaasi (CDU) == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Suugaanta == * G. L. Cassidy, ''Warpath; the Story of the Algonquin Regiment'', 1939–1945. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1948. * Ferdinand Cloppenburg, ''Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert''. Friesoythe: Cloppenburg, 2003. Limited to 1,000 copies. * Tony Foster, ''Meeting of Generals''. Toronto; New York: Methuen, c1986. * Robert L. Fraser, ed. ''Black Yesterdays; the Argylls' War''. Hamilton, ON: Argyll Regimental Foundation, 1996. A work of 608 pp., numerous photographs, many illustrations, (some col.) limited to 1,000 copies. A lavish, massive, even monumental history of the Canadian Argylls during World War II and a model of its kind. * ''Friesoythe 25 Jahre danach: 1945-1970''. Friesoythe: Stadt Friesoythe, 1970. * ''Landkreis Emsland. Wege aus dem Chaos; Das Emsland und Niedersachsen 1945-1949''. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung. 2. Aufl. Hrsg. vom Landkreis Emsland. Meppen: 1988. * C. P. Stacey, ''A Date with History; Memoirs of a Canadian Historian''. Ottawa, ON: Deneau, c1983? * C. P. Stacey, ''Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War''. Vol. III. ''The Victory Campaign; the Operation in North-West Europe, 1944–1945''. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1960. * Chris Vokes, ''Vokes, My Story''. By Major General Chris Vokes with John P. Maclean. Memorial Edition. Ottawa, ON: Gallery Books, 1985. * ''War Diary, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada'', April 14, 1945, pp.&nbsp;10–11. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, v. 15,005 * ''War Diary, 1st Battalion, The Lake Superior Regiment (Motor)'', April 12, 1945, sheet 15. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, Vol. 15,099. * ''War Diary, General Staff, 4th Canadian Armoured Division'', April 14, 1945, p.&nbsp;15. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, no. 13,794. * August Wöhrmann, "Die Kämpfe 1945 in und um Friesoythe," IN ''Friesoythe 25 Jahre danach: 1945-1970'' (Friesoythe: Stadt Friesoythe, 1970) 8-29. Wöhrmann was the first to make a serious examination of the issue, and this work is a ground-breaking study of great value which identifies many of the relevant sources. Unfortunately Wöhrmann, a former soldier himself, reports he was unable to make any contact with the German paratroopers who defended Friesoythe. == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 8ua567cei7atir004drz9kkrxdjhx0r 305052 305051 2026-08-12T15:25:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Friesoythe |image_photo = Friesoythe Kirche.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisad |image_flag = Flagge Friesoythe.svg |image_coa = Wappen Friesoythe.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|01|14|N|07|51|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Friesoythe in CLP.svg |state = |district = Cloppenburg |elevation = 6 |area = 247.14 |postal_code = 26169 |area_code = 0 44 91 |licence = CLP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 53 007 |divisions = <!-- XX [[Ortsteil]]e bzw. [[Stadtbezirk]]e --> |website = [https://www.friesoythe.de/ www.friesoythe.de] |mayor = Sven Stratmann<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Friesoythe''', ({{IPA|de|friːˈzɔʏtə|-|De-Friesoythe.ogg}} or {{IPA|de|friːsˈʔɔʏtə|}}; {{langx|nds|Aithe}}; [[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]: '''Ait''' ama '''Äit''') waa [[town|magaalo]] ku taal degmada [[Cloppenburg (district)|Cloppenburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]], oo ku taal webiga [[Soeste]], {{Convert|25|km}} waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Cloppenburg]], iyo {{Convert|30|km}} koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]]. == Taariikhda == 1227kii, Count [[Otto von Tecklenburg]] wuxuu ka dhigay [[Oite Castle]] oo ku taal Friesoythe, oo hadda la dhisay, degnihiisa. Beeraleyda, ganacsatada iyo farsamoyaqaanada waxay si degdeg ah ugu degeen qalcadda agteeda. Sida hore ee qarnigii 13aad, Friesoythe waxay lahayd xiriir ganacsi oo ballaaran, sida ay caddaynayso lacagtii laga helay Friesoythe, oo ahayd in ka badan 300 oo lacagta qalink ah oo ka timid Cologne, Münster, Osnabrück iyo magaalooyin kale oo ku jiray wareegga ilaa 1235. Xarunta magaalada ee maanta dhakhso ayaa loogu wareegay darbi magaalo oo weyn waxaana muddo dheer loo tixgeliyey mid aan la soo geli karin. 1308 Friesoythe markii ugu horreysay waxaa lagu sheegay magaalo. Friesoythe mararka qaarkood waxaa loogu yeeraa "magaalada Hanseatic" waxayna lahayd mudnaanta Hanseatic. Wax cad ma aha in Friesoythe ay dhab ahaantii ka tirsanayd Ururka Hanseatic. [[File:Friesoythe (Germany), Markplatz, 1906.jpg|thumb|Friesoythe in 1906.]] Friesoythe waxay wadaagtaa dhaqan kala duwan oo taariikhda Lower Saxony ah. Saameynaha dhaqameed ee badan ee [[Culture of Germany|Jarmalka]], [[Anglo-Saxon]], [[Culture of the Netherlands|Holland]], [[East Frisia]], [[Culture of Denmark|Danish]] iyo [[Culture of Sweden|Iswiidhan]] ayaa ka muuqda magaalada iyo [[citizen|muwaadiniinta]]. Magaalada waxay leedahay taageerayaal waaweyn oo [[Roman Catholicism|K Catholics]] ah iyo boqolkiiba yar oo [[Calvinism|Calvinism]] iyo [[Lutheranism]]. Waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Duchy of Oldenburg]] iyo sidoo kale xukunka [[First French Empire|Boqortooyada Faransiiska]] qarnigii 18aad. === Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka === {{Main|Razing of Friesoythe}} [[File:Destruction at Friesoythe, with vehicles of the 4 Canadian Division passing through to reinforce the bridgehead on the Kustenkanal.jpg|thumb|Ruins of Friesoythe after the city was burned by Canadian troops in April 1945.]] Abriil 1945, magaalada Friesoythe waa la daadgureeyay oo waxaa qabsaday [[4th Canadian (Armoured) Division]], oo uu hoggaaminayo General [[Christopher Vokes]]. Inta badan dadweynaha magaalada oo ahaa 4,000 ayaa u guuray miyiga ku xeeran Abriil 11-12, 1945.<ref>The Friesoythe Amtsgericht, or District Court, was closed on April 11th. If the District Court ceased to function on April 11, 1945, the evacuation of the bulk of the civilian population probably took place between April 11th through April 12th 1945. It was clearly a German and not a Canadian initiative. Ferdinand Cloppenburg, Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert, 173.</ref> Magaalada waxaa difaacayay ku dhowaad 200 oo ka tirsan ciidamada dalladda ee Battalion Raabe ee [[7th Parachute Division (Germany)|7th German Parachute Division]].<ref>War Diary, General Staff, 4th Canadian Armoured Division, 1 April 1945-30 April 1945. Appendix 38; dated April 14th, 1945. National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, ON, RG 24, vol. no. 13794. Intelligence report signed: E. Sirluck, Capt.</ref> Ciidamadan dalladda waxay iska caabiyeen weerarkii ugu horreeyay ee [[Lake Superior Scottish Regiment|Lake Superior Regiment (Motor)]] Abriil 13. Guutada Lake Superior waxay ka qaaday laba dhimasho iyo sagaal iyo toban dhaawac ah. Khasaaraha Jarmalku ma cadda. Vokes wuxuu amray in dib loo billaabo weerarka maalintii xigtay ee [[The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's)]] uu hoggaaminayo Lieutenant Colonel Frederick E. Wigle. Weerarkii si fiican buu u socday, iyadoo Argylls ay sugayaan magaalada saacaddu markay ahayd 10:30. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saacaddu markay ahayd 08:30 tiro yar oo ka mid ah askarta Jarmalka ayaa si kedis ah u qabtay xarunta taatikada ee Wigle, iyagoo dilay Wigle iyo dhowr askari oo kale.<ref>Mark Zuehlke, On To Victory: The Canadian Liberation Of The Netherlands, p. 308</ref> Lieutenant Alan Earp wuxuu ka badbaaday rasaas madaxa kaga dhacday.<ref>War Diary, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada, April 14, 1945, pp. 10-11. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, v. 15,005. The same entry for April 14th, 1945, is also reprinted in Robert L. Fraser's Black Yesterdays; the Argylls’s War, p. 431. Interview with Alan Earp.</ref> Vokes wuxuu amray aarsasho degdeg ah. "S sarkaan heer sare ah oo ii ah, oo aan tixgelin iyo jacayl gaar ah u qabay, oo aan xiiso gaar ah u lahaa xagga xirfadda sababtoo ah kartidiisa hoggaamineed, waa la dilay. Kaliya ma aan dilin, waxaa la ii soo sheegay, laakiin dhabarka ayaa laga toogtay".<ref>All the published accounts relate that Col. Wigle was shot in the back. However, Dr. Doug Bryce, the Medical Officer of the Argylls, said that he was shot in the head. Dr. Bryce thought very highly of Wigle ("the most wonderful man I have ever met"). Interview with Dr. Bryce, May 11, 1998.</ref> Sida uu qabo Vokes, "Waan yeeray GSO1-kayga . 'Mac,' ayaan ugu qayliyey, 'Waan gubayaa magaaladaas nacaladaysan.'"<ref>Chris Vokes, Vokes: My Story, 194-195. A similar account of Vokes and his role in the destruction of Friesoythe is found in Tony Foster’s Meeting of Generals, 437.</ref> Cutubyo iyo askari ka tirsan Argylls ayaa si iskood ah u billaabay in ay gubaan dhismayaasha ku yaal Friesoythe iyagoo aarsanaya dhimashada gaashaan-dhaheskooda,<ref>Robert L. Fraser, ''Black Yesterdays; the Argylls' War''. See the section entitled "The Burning of Friesoythe?" on pp. 435–437.</ref> laakiin Vokes markii dambe wuxuu soo saaray amar toos ah,{{for what?|date=April 2020}} waxaana magaalada si nidaamsan loogu shiday dab qori lagu shubay oo ku rakibnaa [[Universal Carrier|Wasp Carriers]]. Burburka waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu xoojiyo waddooyinka degmada ee taangiyada qaybta.<ref name="Foster">Tony Foster, Meeting of Generals, iUniverse, 2000, {{ISBN|978-0595137503}}, p. 437.</ref> Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasta Jarmalka, 85% ilaa 90% magaalada waa la burburiyay, taas oo ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu burbursan Jarmalka waqtigaas.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ferdinand |last=Cloppenburg |chapter=Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert |pages=165, 189 |title=[[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]] |location=Leipzig |publisher=Brockhaus |year=1996 |edition=20th |volume=7 }}</ref> Vokes wuxuu faallo ka bixiyay in uusan lahayn "Wax dareen qoomamo ah oo ku saabsan tirtiridda Friesoythe."<ref name="Foster" />{{sps|date=April 2020}} The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders iyo Lake Superior Regiment (Motor) waxaa la guddoonsiiyay sharafta dagaalka "Friesoythe". === Qarniga 21aad === Friesoythe waxay ka korortay tuulo oo noqotay magaalo yar waxayna wadaagtaa qaab dhismeedka dhaqameed iyo casriga ah ee [[architecture|naqshadda]] Jarmalka, [[Bauhaus]], [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]], [[Renaissance]] iyo [[Baroque]]. Shirkado waaweyn oo [[multinational corporation|caalami ah]] ayaa degay iyagoo siinaya magaalada muuqaal casri ah iyo dareen nool. [[Hospital|Isbitaal]], [[schooling|waxbarasho]], adeeg [[bus|bas]], adeeg [[health|caafimaad]] dhammaantood waxay ka diyaar yihiin bartamaha magaalada. Magaalada waxay leedahay [[communication|isgaarsiinfraas]] iyo [[infrastructure|kaabayaal]] wanaagsan iyo Jarmal Ameerikaan ah, [[Polish people|Boolish]] iyo [[Russians|Ruush]] badan oo ku dhex milmay dadkeeda. == Cimilada == {{Weather box | location = Friesoythe-Altenoythe (1991–2020 normals) | metric first = Y | single line = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan high C = 4.8 |Feb high C = 5.9 |Mar high C = 9.3 |Apr high C = 14.2 |May high C = 18.2 |Jun high C = 21.0 |Jul high C = 23.4 |Aug high C = 23.1 |Sep high C = 19.4 |Oct high C = 14.4 |Nov high C = 8.8 |Dec high C = 5.9 | year high C = 14.0 |Jan mean C = 2.6 |Feb mean C = 3.0 |Mar mean C = 5.3 |Apr mean C = 9.2 |May mean C = 13.2 |Jun mean C = 16.2 |Jul mean C = 18.3 |Aug mean C = 17.8 |Sep mean C = 14.3 |Oct mean C = 10.4 |Nov mean C = 6.1 |Dec mean C = 3.7 |year mean C = 10.0 |Jan low C = 0.2 |Feb low C = 0.4 |Mar low C = 1.8 |Apr low C = 4.4 |May low C = 8.2 |Jun low C = 11.3 |Jul low C = 13.3 |Aug low C = 12.9 |Sep low C = 10.1 |Oct low C = 7.0 |Nov low C = 3.5 |Dec low C = 1.5 | year low C = 6.2 | precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 64.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 53.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 53.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 47.3 |May precipitation mm = 56.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 70.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 77.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 75.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 71.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 61.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 61.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 74.2 | year precipitation mm = 767 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 18.1 |Feb precipitation days = 16.5 |Mar precipitation days = 15.3 |Apr precipitation days = 13.7 |May precipitation days = 13.5 |Jun precipitation days = 14.8 |Jul precipitation days = 14.9 |Aug precipitation days = 14.8 |Sep precipitation days = 14.6 |Oct precipitation days = 17.1 |Nov precipitation days = 17.5 |Dec precipitation days = 19.2 |year precipitation days = 189.8 |Jan sun = 64.7 |Feb sun = 85.2 |Mar sun = 134.7 |Apr sun = 171.0 |May sun = 191.2 |Jun sun = 211.9 |Jul sun = 224.2 |Aug sun = 216.2 |Sep sun = 163.1 |Oct sun = 112.5 |Nov sun = 69.0 |Dec sun = 54.5 |year sun = 1698.2 |Jan humidity = 89.4 |Feb humidity = 85.7 |Mar humidity = 81.5 |Apr humidity = 76.7 |May humidity = 74.7 |Jun humidity = 75.5 |Jul humidity = 77.6 |Aug humidity = 79.8 |Sep humidity = 85.3 |Oct humidity = 87.0 |Nov humidity = 90.4 |Dec humidity = 90.5 |unit snow days = 1.0 cm |Jan snow days = 4.3 |Feb snow days = 3.5 |Mar snow days = 1.6 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0.1 |Nov snow days = 0.7 |Dec snow days = 2.9 |year snow days = | source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012154006/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Friesoythe-Altenoythe_10210.csv | archive-date = 12 October 2023 | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Friesoythe-Altenoythe_10210.csv | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref> }} * == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Wilhelm Abeln]] (1894–1969), beeraley iyo siyaasi, xubin ka tirsan Oldenburg Landtag * [[Monika Hilker]] (dhashay 1959), bayoolaji * [[Franz-Josef Holzenkamp]] (dhashay 1969), siyaasi (CDU) * [[Heinrich Totting von Oyta]] (c. 1330–1397), aqoonyahan iyo faylasoof, oo ah aasaasaha Kulliyadda Fiiqiga Katolika ee Jaamacadda Vienna * [[Lukas Reinken]] (dhashay 1995), siyaasi (CDU) == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Suugaanta == * G. L. Cassidy, ''Warpath; the Story of the Algonquin Regiment'', 1939–1945. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1948. * Ferdinand Cloppenburg, ''Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert''. Friesoythe: Cloppenburg, 2003. Limited to 1,000 copies. * Tony Foster, ''Meeting of Generals''. Toronto; New York: Methuen, c1986. * Robert L. Fraser, ed. ''Black Yesterdays; the Argylls' War''. Hamilton, ON: Argyll Regimental Foundation, 1996. A work of 608 pp., numerous photographs, many illustrations, (some col.) limited to 1,000 copies. A lavish, massive, even monumental history of the Canadian Argylls during World War II and a model of its kind. * ''Friesoythe 25 Jahre danach: 1945-1970''. Friesoythe: Stadt Friesoythe, 1970. * ''Landkreis Emsland. Wege aus dem Chaos; Das Emsland und Niedersachsen 1945-1949''. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung. 2. Aufl. Hrsg. vom Landkreis Emsland. Meppen: 1988. * C. P. Stacey, ''A Date with History; Memoirs of a Canadian Historian''. Ottawa, ON: Deneau, c1983? * C. P. Stacey, ''Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War''. Vol. III. ''The Victory Campaign; the Operation in North-West Europe, 1944–1945''. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1960. * Chris Vokes, ''Vokes, My Story''. By Major General Chris Vokes with John P. Maclean. Memorial Edition. Ottawa, ON: Gallery Books, 1985. * ''War Diary, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada'', April 14, 1945, pp.&nbsp;10–11. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, v. 15,005 * ''War Diary, 1st Battalion, The Lake Superior Regiment (Motor)'', April 12, 1945, sheet 15. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, Vol. 15,099. * ''War Diary, General Staff, 4th Canadian Armoured Division'', April 14, 1945, p.&nbsp;15. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, no. 13,794. * August Wöhrmann, "Die Kämpfe 1945 in und um Friesoythe," IN ''Friesoythe 25 Jahre danach: 1945-1970'' (Friesoythe: Stadt Friesoythe, 1970) 8-29. Wöhrmann was the first to make a serious examination of the issue, and this work is a ground-breaking study of great value which identifies many of the relevant sources. Unfortunately Wöhrmann, a former soldier himself, reports he was unable to make any contact with the German paratroopers who defended Friesoythe. == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 4kv3fo9msrxm55kqfvb4wqgqpi8dnlp 0 50750 305053 2026-08-12T15:27:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type=Gemeinde |name=Friolzheim |image_photo=Friolzheim Rathaus 20090917.jpg |image_caption=Hoolka dawladda hoose ee Friolzheim |image_coa = Wappen Friolzheim.svg |image_plan=Friolzheim im Enzkreis.png |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Enzkreis |area = 8.54 |elevation = 453 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 36 019 |licence = PF |area_code = 07044 |postal_code = 71292 |website = {{URL|https://www.friolzheim.de/}} |coordinates = {{coord|48|50|10|N|8|50|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} }} '''Friolzheim''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Enz (district)|degmada Enz]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Munaaradda isgaarsiinta ee [[Friolzheimer Riese]] waxay ku taallay halkan. == Taariikhda == Tuulada Friolzheim waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotay hantida {{ill|House of Gemmingen|de|Gemmingen (Adelsgeschlecht)}} qarnigii 15aad, laakiin dabadeed waxay tuulada ka iibisay [[Hirsau Abbey]]. Friolzheim waxay sii ahaatay hantida karismada ilaa laga burburiyay 1807 ka dib [[German mediatization]]. Boqortooyada [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemburg]] hoos yimaada, Friolzheim waxaa marka hore loo qoondeeyay {{ill|Oberamt Calw|de}} sanadka 1807, ka dibna {{ill|Oberamt Leonberg|de}} 26 Abriil 1808. Ka dib {{ill|1973 Baden-Württemberg district reform|de|Kreisreform Baden-Württemberg 1973|lt=1973 reorganization of Baden-Württemberg's districts}}, Friolzheim waxaa loo qoondeeyay [[Enzkreis|degmada Enz]].<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Friolzheim|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/7018/Friolzheim|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=23 June 2020}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Friolzheim waxay dabooshaa {{convert|8.54|km2|mi2|sp=us}} oo ka mid ah [[Enzkreis|degmada Enz]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], oo ah [[States of Germany|gobol]] ka tirsan [[Federal Republic of Germany|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Jarmalka]]. Friolzheim waxay si jireed ugu taallaa cirifka [[Black Forest]] iyo {{ill|Upper Gäu|de|Obere Gäue}}. Inta badan aagga degmadu waxay ku taal [[Heckengäu]], oo ah gobol lagu garto [[karstified]] iyo buuro [[muschelkalk]] ah oo kaymo leh oo ay dabooleen lakabyo dhuuban oo carro ah.<ref name=LEO-BW /> Qayb ka mid ah keydka dabiiciga ah ee {{ill|Tiefenbronner Seewiesen|de}} ee [[Naturschutzgebiet|Federally-protected]] ayaa ku yaal koonfur-bari ee degmada.<ref name=LEO-BW /> == Astaanta degmada == [[coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada Friolzheim waa mid [[Division of the field#Common divisions of the field|toosan u qaybsan]] inta u dhaxaysa sawirka [[stag|deerada]] ah ee [[Or (heraldry)|dahabka]] ah ee ku dul taal [[Field (heraldry)|garoon]] [[Azure (heraldry)|buluug ah]] dhinaca midig, iyo shan [[Bar (heraldry)|baararka]] – saddex dahab ah iyo laba buluug ah – dhinaca bidix. Baararka dhinaca bidix waxay ka yimaadaan astaanta {{ill|House of Gemmingen|de|Gemmingen (Adelsgeschlecht)}}, halka deeradu ay tahay tixraac ku socda Hirsau Abbey. Qaabkan waxaa la qoray oo la aqbalay talada {{ill|Central State Archive Stuttgart|de|Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart}} sanadkii 1937, maadaama Friolzheim aysan lahayn astaanta illaa markaas. Waxaa si rasmi ah u oggolaaday [[Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha ee Federaalka]] 11 Diseembar 1957.<ref name=LEO-BW /> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} oimcn8edaidh6iijdqar2jl14294d8l 0 50751 305054 2026-08-12T15:28:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Frittlingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|48|07|40|N|08|42|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frittlingen in TUT.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Tuttlingen |elevation = 659 |area = 8.79 |postal_code = 78665 |area_code = 07426 |licence = TUT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 27 017 |website = [https://www.frittlingen.de/ www.frittlingen.de] |mayor = Dominic Butz<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;25 |party = independent }} '''Frittlingen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Tuttlingen (district)|Tuttlingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hvtrb7hsyu547udknct3yxfccaiojc0 0 50752 305055 2026-08-12T15:30:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Frohnau |name_local = |image_photo = 07.07.12.Panorama Frohnau 1.jpg |image_caption = Zeltinger Platz |type = Quarter |City = Berlin |image_coa = Wappen-frohnau.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|52|38|00|N|13|18|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = Reinickendorf |divisions = |elevation = 52 |area = 7.8 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=111205}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = 13465 |area_code = |licence = B |year = 1910 |plantext = Location of Frohnau in Reinickendorf district and Berlin |image_plan = Berlin Reinickendorf Frohnau.svg |website = }} '''Frohnau''' ({{IPA|de|fʁoːˈnaʊ̯|-|De-Frohnau.ogg}}) waa [[locality|deegaan]] ka tirsan [[Reinickendorf|degmada hoose]] ee Berlin, [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qaybta fog ee waqooyi ee magaalada. Frohnau waa aag hodan ah oo lagu garto guryo badan oo waaweyn oo laga dhisay horraantii qarnigii 20-aad. == Taariikhda == La aasaasay 1910, Frohnau waxaa loo abuuray si buuxda bulsho ahaan la qorsheeyay, oo u dhiganta fikraddii horraantii qarnigii labaatanaad ee [[Garden city movement|magaalada beeraha ah]]. Frohnau waxaa lagu aasaasay Stolper Heath, oo ay u iibisay Guddiga Dhulka ee Berlin Count [[Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck]] sanadkii 1907. Tartankii naqshadaynta waxaa ku guuleystay qorshe ay soo saareen Joseph Brix iyo Felix Genzmer. Fikradoodu waxay matalaysay [[asymmetrical|aan simeynayn]], horumar dabiici ah oo ka soo baxay dunes-ka u dhow [[Havel River|webiga Havel]]. Xataa magaca "Frohnau" waxaa go'aamiyay tartan. Sikastaba 1920, Frohnau waxaa lagu daray [[Greater Berlin Act|Magaalada Weyn ee Berlin]]. Intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], horraantii 1945, [[Death marches during the Holocaust|socod dhimasho]] oo maxaabiis ah oo ka kala socday qowmiyado kala duwan oo ka yimid xerada la burburiyay ee [[Żabikowo, Luboń|Żabikowo]] illaa [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|xerada fiirsashada ee Sachsenhausen]] ayaa soo maray xaafadda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zabikowo.eu/ewakuacja-piesza|title=Ewakuacja piesza|website=Muzeum Martyrologiczne w Żabikowie|access-date=9 November 2023|language=pl}}</ref> Intii lagu guda jiray [[Cold War|Dagaalkii Qaboobaa]], waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[West Berlin|Berlin Galbeed]]. == Naqshadaha dhismaha == [[Image:Berlin-Frohnau-Casinoturm.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Casino Tower]] Xarunta dabiiciga ah ee magaalada waxay markasta ahayd [[Berlin-Frohnau railway station|saldhigga tareenka]] iyo dhismayaasha ku xeeran. Munaaradda casino waxay u adeegtaa calaamadda Frohnau. Agagaarka oo dhan waxaa lagu xusay dhismayaasheeda weyn ee u eg madaxtooyada. Naqshadayaasha mas'uulka ka ah guryaha caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah Walter iyo Johannes Krüger (Kaniisadda St. John), Hart iyo Lesser (saldhigga tareenka iyo munaaradda casino), Max Meyer ([[Das Buddhistische Haus|guriga Budhaha]]), Paul Poser, Max Scheidling, iyo Heinrich Straumer (oo si fiican loogu yaqaano shaqadiisa munaaradda raadiyaha ee Berlin, ''Funkturm''). Frohnau waxaa ku jira mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu dheer Jarmalka: The ''[[Richtfunkstelle Berlin-Frohnau|Richtfunkmast]]'' (munaaradda raadiyaha microwave) oo cabbirkeedu yahay 358.6&nbsp;m (1177&nbsp;ft) dherer ahaan waxaana la dhisay int u dhaxaysa 1977 iyo 1979. Ilaa [[German reunification|midowgii Jarmalka]], tani waxay ahayd habka lagu hayo xiriirka raadiyaha [[microwave]] ee lala lahaa [[West Germany|Jarmalka Galbeed]]. Munaaradda qaabilaadda ee dhinaca Jarmalka Galbeed waxay ku taalay [[Gartow]], [[Lower Saxony]]. Barbar socda ''Richtfunkmast'' waa 117&nbsp;m (384&nbsp;ft) munaarad bir ah oo madaxbannaan, taas oo yar marka la barbar dhigo. Tani waxaa la dhisay int u dhaxaysa 1970 iyo 1973, waxayna lahayd 18&nbsp;m (66&nbsp;ft) dhexroor [[parabolic antenna]]e si ay u sahlsho xiriirka raadiyaha ee ka baxsan horizon-ka ee Lower Saxony ilaa 1995. Tan iyo 2002 [[mediumwave]] [[digital radio]] gudbinta waxaa lagu tijaabiyay Frohnau 1485&nbsp;kHz. Maaddaama uusan ''Richtfunkmast'' iyo munaaradda anteenooyinka parabolic midkoodna loogu talagelin gudbinta mediumwave, anteeno dheeraad ah oo 10&nbsp;m (33&nbsp;ft) ah oo silig dheer ah ayaa la rakibay. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline|Berlin-Frohnau|Frohnau}} *{{in lang|de}} [http://www.reinickendorf.de/index_5137_de.html Frohnau page of Reinickendorfer site] {{Authority control}} epy346k2yrv2c64knmahl11jgep4w0r 0 50753 305056 2026-08-12T15:31:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Froehnd.png |coordinates = {{coord|47|45|30|N|07|53|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fröhnd in LÖ.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Lörrach |elevation = 554 |area = 16.19 |postal_code = 79677 |area_code = 07673 |licence = LÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 36 025 |website = [http://www.gvvschoenau.de/ www.gvvschoenau.de] |mayor = Michael Engesser<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Fröhnd''' ({{IPA|de|fʁøːnt}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Lörrach (district)|Lörrach]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal koonfurta [[Black Forest]] waana isku-darka tuulooyinka ku xeeran webiga [[Wiese (river)|Wiese]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Frohnd}} mtk3ydiuld0r62gvntofq57wc39c3er 0 50754 305057 2026-08-12T15:40:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Froendenberg (Ruhr) COA.svg |image_photo = 58730 Fröndenberg, Germany - panoramio (27).jpg |coordinates = {{coord|51|28|19|N|7|45|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fröndenberg-Ruhr in UN.svg |state = |region = Arnsberg |district = Unna |elevation = 181<!--average of 127 – 245--> |area = 56.23 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05978012 |postal_code = 58730 |area_code = 02373, 02303, 02377, 02378 |licence = UN |website = [http://www.froendenberg.de/ www.froendenberg.de] |mayor = Sabina Müller<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 30 June 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;25 |party = SPD }} '''Fröndenberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁœndn̩ˌbɛʁk|-|De-Fröndenberg.ogg}}; [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]]: ''Frönnenbiärg'') waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Unna (district)|Unna]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Fröndenberg waxay ku taal dooxada [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]], qiyaastii 10&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigta caasimadda degmada [[Unna]], meel u dhow [[Hönne]]. === Goobaha dariska la ah === * [[Unna]] * [[Wickede]] * [[Menden]] * [[Schwerte]] * [[Holzwickede]] == Taariikhda == Magaaladu waa mid cusub marka loo eego, waxay ka soo baxday dib-u-habayntii 1902 taas oo tuulooyinkii hore ee madaxbannaanaa ee Stift, Westick iyo tuulada Froendenberg ay ku milmeen bulshada tuulada weyn ee Fröndenberg. Waxay heshay heerka magaalada 1952. Diiwaankii ugu da'da weynaa ee magaca `[[Frundeberg]]` waa dukumiintiga baabalkii [[Pope Celestine III|Coelestin III]] ee 1197. Kaabayaasha maamul ee maanta waxay dib ugu noqdaan 1968 markii tuulooyinka Altendorf, Ardey, Bausenhagen, Dellwig, Frohnhausen, Frömern, Langschede, Neimen, Ostbüren, Stentrop, Strickherdicke, magaalada Warmen iyo magaalada Fröndenberg lagu daray hal unug oo maamul. 1969 tuulada Bentrop sidoo kale waxay qayb ka noqotay degmada Fröndenberg. == Dadka caanka ah == [[File:Hengstenberg, Ernst Wilhelm bw.jpg|thumb|upright|Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg]] * [[David Blacha]] (dhashay 1990), khadka dhexe ee kubadda cagta * [[Franz-Josef Bode]] (dhashay 1951), 1986–1991 wadaad Katoliki ah oo ku sugan St. Marien * [[Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg]] (1802–1869), cilmi-nafsiga Protestant-ka iyo kaniisadda * [[Arthur Jonath]] (1909–1963), billad-dhaqaalaha Olympic ee orodka sprint * [[Thomas Lehn]] (dhashay 1958), muusikiiste * [[David Wilms]] (dhashay 1963), soo-jeediye telefishan == Xiriirka caalamiga ah == {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Fröndenberg waa [[town twinning|walaal]] la leh: * [[File:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Bruay-la-Buissière]] ([[Pas-de-Calais]], [[France|Faransiiska]]) * [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|25px]] [[Winschoten]] ([[Netherlands|Nederlaan]]) * [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|25px]] [[Hartha]] ([[Germany|Jarmalka]]) == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ;Ilaha * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050831153525/http://www.froendenberg.de/rathaus/geschichte/index.php History of Fröndenberg] {{in lang|de}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Commons category-inline}} * [http://www.froendenberg.de/ Official site] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Frondenberg}} 2wdbu89m55y4dt6ysy3uxdujlo3kg4h 0 50755 305058 2026-08-12T15:43:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | type = Ortsgemeinde | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Fronhofen COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|49.99168|7.46543|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Fronhofen in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Simmern-Rheinböllen | elevation = 370-408 | area = 3.71 | postal_code = 55471 | area_code = 06761 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 039 | website = {{URL|http://www.fronhofen.net/}} | mayor = Michael Gerhardy<ref name=mayor>[https://www.fronhofen.info/gemeinderat/ Election o 1022, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], accessed 16 July 2026.</ref> | leader_term = 2022&ndash;27 }} '''Fronhofen''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Simmern]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmada waxay ku taal bartamaha [[Hunsrück]] ee Biebertal, dooxada Bieberbach, int u dhaxaysa ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 50 iyo ''Hunsrückhöhenstraße'' (“Waddada Joogga Hunsrück”, waddo muuqaal ah oo soo marta Hunsrück oo asal ahaan loo dhisay waddo milatari iyadoo lagu jiro amarka [[Hermann Göring]]). Tuulada lafteedu waxay ku taal dhul jeexjeexan oo joogkiisu yahay 370 ilaa 408&nbsp;m ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. {{Geographic Location|width=auto | Centre = Fronhofen | North = [[Alterkülz]] | Northeast = [[Külz]] and [[Neuerkirch]] | East = [[Keidelheim]] and [[Kümbdchen]] | Southeast = [[Nannhausen]] | South = [[Unzenberg]] | Southwest = [[Reckershausen]] | West = [[Biebern]], [[Reich, Germany|Reich]] and [[Wüschheim]] | Northwest = [[Michelbach, Rhein-Hunsrück|Michelbach]], the Goßberg and [[Bell, Rhein-Hunsrück|Hundheim]] }} == Taariikhda == 1285kii, Fronhofen waxay yeelatay xusidheedii ugu horreysay ee dukumiinti; si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhdeedu waxay dib ugu noqotaa xoogaa sii fog. Asal ahaan, Fronhofen waxay ka koobnayd hanti keniisad ah iyo warshad. 1074, Count Berthold wuxuu ku deeqay hantidii Keniisadda Ravengiersburg, ilaa 1408 waxay ka tirsanayd Provostry ee [[Ravengiersburg]], iyo intaas ka dibna [[Amt (country subdivision)|Oberamt]] ee Simmern. Hantidan sayidka ah waxay ahayd waxa dhab ahaatee magaca lagu xusay xusidii ugu horreysay ee dukumiinti 1285. Khilaaf dhex maray Provost ee Ravengiersburg iyo ''[[Vogt|Vögte]]'' ee Heinzenberg sanadkaas, waxaa la go'aamiyay in keniisaddu ay leedahay afarteeda hanti ee sayidka ah oo ka xor ah dhammaan adeegga. Hantidii xilligaas waxay lahayd guri weyn, laba bakhaar, xoolo-gaab iyo warshad. Dhulku wuxuu gaarayay 44 ''[[Morgen]]'' (qiyaastii 14&nbsp;ha) oo ah dalagyo, [[heath|beero]] weyn oo [[heath]] ah oo ku taal Oberbrühl oo ah 12 ''Morgen'' (qiyaastii 3.8&nbsp;ha) iyo 11 [[meadow|cawsaleey]], oo ay la socoto kaymo ka kooban 200 ''Morgen'' (qiyaastii 64&nbsp;ha). Tobnaadkii laga soo ururiyay Fronhofen, wadaadku wuxuu helay seddex meelood meel, halka labada seddex meelood ee kalena ay wadaageen [[County of Sponheim|Tirada Sponheim]] iyo dhaxaltoodii qoysaska von Wildberg, von Koppenstein, Blicker Landschad von Steinach iyo Schenk von Schmidtburg, iyo sidoo kale Barons of Hacke. ''Haus Klopp'' waxay ku taal koonfurta Fronhofen waxay ahayd beer ay ku nool yihiin afar qoys. Fronhofen iyo Klopp, sida uu qabo Elector Palatine Phillipp’s ''Geistliches Lehenbuch'' (“Buugga Kaniisadda ee Fiefs”), waxay ka tirsanaayeen gobolka kiniisaddu (''Pfarrbezirk'') ee Neuerkirch-Biebern.<ref>[http://www.fronhofen.net/ortschronik/ Fronhofen’s history]</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 1794, Fronhofen waxay hoos timid xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. 1815 waxaa loo qoondeeyay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Golaha Vienna]]. Tan iyo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ee markaas la aas-aasay. ''[[Flurbereinigung]]'' waxaa la qabtay 1912 iyo mar labaad 1985.<ref>[http://www.fronhofen.net/gemeindedaten/ Municipal facts and figures]</ref> [[File:fronhofen01.jpg|thumb|Community centre in the village centre]] == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 9 Juun 2024, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah gudoomiye. === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada Fronhofen waa Michael Gerhardy.<ref name=mayor/> === Astaanta degmada === Magaca Jarmalka ee la qoray waa: {{lang|de|In Schwarz auf silbernem Dreiberg, darin wachsender blauer Krummstab, ein rotbewehrter und gezungter goldener Löwe nach links.}} [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada ee Ingiriiska [[Heraldry|haldhanka]] luqadda waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa sida soo socota: Sable in base a mount of three argent surmounting which an abbot’s staff sinister issuant from base azure, and upon which a lion rampant sinister queue fourché Or armed and langued gules. Qeybta lacagta ah [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] ee salka ku haysa, buuraha saddexda ah (oo lagu magacaabo ''Dreiberg'' oo ku taal heraldry-ga Jarmalka) iyo libaaxa dul taagan waxaa laga soo qaatay shaabaddii 1773 ee mar ay isticmaashay ''[[Schultheiß]]erei''.<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz, Best. 4, Nr. 2156</ref> Libaacu wuxuu tixraacayaa mulkiilayaashii dhulka ee hore, [[Palatinate-Simmern|Counts of Simmern]] iyo [[Elector of the Palatinate]]. Shaqaalaha abbot-ka waxay tixraacayaan hantida sayidka ah ee [[Canons regular#Canons Regular of Saint Augustine|Augustinian]] canons ee Ravengiersburg, taas oo degmadu ka hesho magaceeda, “hantida sayidka” oo ah ''Fronhof'' ee [[German language|Jarmalka]]. Hubka ayaa la sitay tan iyo 15 March 1981, waxaana naqshadeeyay Willi Wagner. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.fronhofen.net/ Municipality's official webpage] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 1gt9sdpvyubwwxqnyljsdkdlhcpb62e 0 50756 305059 2026-08-12T15:44:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Fronreute Wappen.svg |image_photo = Fronhofen 2.jpg |image_caption = Fronhofen with the tower ruins and the Church of Saints Conrad and Vincent |coordinates = {{coord|47|51|32|N|09|31|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fronreute in RV.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Ravensburg |Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = Fronreute-Wolpertswende |elevation = 594 |area = 48.08 |postal_code = 88273 |area_code = 07502 |licence = RV |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 36 096 |website = [https://www.fronreute.de/ www.fronreute.de] |mayor = Oliver Spieß<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 }} '''Fronreute''' waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Ravensburg (district)|Ravensburg]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 94a0ag9f76lcrv6d4ifjvvro47t92y6 305060 305059 2026-08-12T15:44:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Fronreute Wappen.svg |image_photo = Fronhofen 2.jpg |image_caption = Fronhofen oo leh burburka munaaradda iyo Kaniisadda Saints Conrad iyo Vincent |coordinates = {{coord|47|51|32|N|09|31|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fronreute in RV.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Ravensburg |Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = Fronreute-Wolpertswende |elevation = 594 |area = 48.08 |postal_code = 88273 |area_code = 07502 |licence = RV |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 36 096 |website = [https://www.fronreute.de/ www.fronreute.de] |mayor = Oliver Spieß<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 }} '''Fronreute''' waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Ravensburg (district)|Ravensburg]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} i9kucwks761oabuu5ut7a9j0m2waukc 0 50757 305061 2026-08-12T15:46:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Frontenhausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|33|N|12|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frontenhausen in DGF.png |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Dingolfing-Landau |elevation = 412 |area = 86.00 |postal_code = 84160 |area_code = 08732 |licence = DGF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 79 115 |website = [http://www.frontenhausen.de/ www.frontenhausen.de] |mayor = Franz Gassner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Frontenhausen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Dingolfing-Landau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waa goobta duubista filimka dembiyada ee 2013 {{Ill|Dampfnudelblues|de}}. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8tbdj2f8wjw0h2dmbvn8phbqhnf4ld5 0 50758 305062 2026-08-12T15:47:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Frücht COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|18|49|N|7|40|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frücht in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Bad Ems-Nassau |elevation = 260 |area = 5.53 |postal_code = 56132 |area_code = 02603 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 044 |website = [https://www.vgben.de/gemeinden/fruecht/ Official site] |mayor = Andreas Schilbach<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = FWG }} '''Frücht''' ({{IPA|de|fʁʏçt}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] yar oo ku taal [[States of Germany|gobolka federaalka]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay Ururka Degmada [[Bad Ems-Nassau]] ({{langx|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}) ee Degmada [[Rhein-Lahn]]. Waxay ku taal buuraha [[Taunus]] qiyaastii {{Convert|7|km|mi|sp=us}} koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Bad Ems]] iyo qiyaastii {{Convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} bari ka xigta [[Lahnstein]]. == Taariikhda == Frücht waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 1159 magaca ah ''Wruhte''. Waxay ka tirsanayd Degmada [[Nassau (state)|Nassau]] ilaa 1613, markaas oo loo iibiyey Johann Gottfried vom Stein. Frücht intaas ka dib waxay ka tirsanayd, oo ay la socoto [[Schweighausen]], [[Imperial immediacy|Imperial-immediate]] [[Feudal barony|Barony]] vom Stein. Qoyskan darajada hooseeya waxay xarun ku lahaayeen Stein'sche Schloss ee ku taal [[Nassau, Germany|Nassau]]. Milkiilaha ugu dambeeya ee ka soo jeeda gurigan wuxuu ahaa Baron ({{langx|de|[[Reichsfreiherr]]}}) [[Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein]] (25 Oktoobar 1757 – 29 Juun 1831), oo ahaa siyaasi reer [[Prussia]] ah oo soo bandhigay dib-u-habeyn, oo ay ku jirto meel-ka-dhicista [[serfdom|adoonsiga]], taas oo u gogol xaartay [[unification of Germany|midowgii Jarmalka]]. Ka dib markii uu shaqada ka fadhiistay 1815, Baron vom Stein wuxuu dedegay Frücht, halkaas oo uu weli ku lahaa hanti muhiim ah iyo dhulal kaymo ah. Halkaas ayuu ka dhisay xabaal qoys oo waalidkiisa ah. Geeridiisa ka dib 1831, xabaashu waxay noqotay meesha uu ku nasanayo naftiisa ugu dambeysa. 1804/06, Frücht waxaa ka mid ah [[Duchy of Nassau]] ee dhawaantan la sameeyay iyo 1866 gobolka Prussian ee [[Hesse-Nassau]]. Ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Allied Occupation Zones in Germany|aagga shaqada ee Faransiiska]]. 1947, waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah gobolka Rheinland-Palatinate ee la aas-aasay. == Soo-jiidashada booqdayaasha == Meel u dhow kaniisadda Protestant-ka ee daanta waqooyi ee Frücht waa xabaasha qoyska ee Barons vom und zum Stein. Xubinta ugu caansan qoyska, Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom Stein, ayaa halkaas lagu aasay. Gabadhiisa ugu weyn, Countess Giech, waxay raadisay talo faneed ka timid naqshadeeye [[Sulpiz Boisserée]] dhismaha [[Gothic Revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] [[chapel|kapel]] ka dhisnayd xabaasha, taas oo loo dhisay si waafaqsan naqshadda naqshadeeyaha [[Munich]] Joseph Daniel Ohlmüller int u dhaxaysa 1836 iyo 1843. Nasashada marmarka ee taallo xabaashiisa vom Stein waxaa sameeyay int u dhaxaysa 1837 iyo 1840 farshaxamiistaha Munich [[Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler]]. Frücht waxay leedahay waddooyin socod oo si fiican loo calaamadiyay, oo ay ku jirto ''Schweizertal'' (“Dooxada Swiss”) ee ku socota [[Miellen]] ee ku taal [[Lahn (river)|Lahn]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha degmada ({{langx|de|Gemeinderat}}) wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood. Qeybtooda xisbi ahaan, laga bilaabo doorashadii 13 June 2004 ([[voter turnout]]: 77.6%), waa sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable" width="400" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" ! || [[Free Voters]] || [[Social Democratic Party (Germany)|Social Democrats]] || Total |- align="center" | 2004 || 7 || 5 || 12 %} == Dhaqaalaha == Inkastoo Frücht uu mar walba lahaa waax beeraha oo adag, haddana waaxda ganacsigeedu way yaraatay. Tani waxay la macno tahay in magaaladu ay saameeyeen hoos u dhaca dakhliga canshuuraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladdeeda dhaqaale waa mid aad u wanaagsan oo ay uga mahadcelineyso kaydka caasimadda. Laga soo bilaabo horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Frücht waxay la kulantay koboc dhisaneed oo hoos imaanaya qorshaha cusboonaysiinta tuulada. Marka la furo dhul cusub oo horumarin ah, bulshadu waxay awood u yeelatay inay buuxiso baahida xoogan ee guryaha ee agagaarka soo jiidashada leh iyadoo weli u dhow magaalada. 1974, xaafadda cusub ee la dhisay "Am Hofacker" ayaa la horumariyay. Waxaa ku xigay horumarinta goobta lagu magacaabo “In den Wiesen / Vordertal”, oo ay ku jiraan waddooyinka cusub ee "Grummetwiese", "Im Vogelsang" iyo "Mühlenweg." Dugsiga lagu dhisay Frücht 1962-1963 waxaa loo cusboonaysiiyay xanaano 1973. Kaniisadda maxalliga ah ee Protestant-ka ayaa la wareegtay kafaala-qaadka xanaanada, taas oo ay isticmaalaan carruurta ka timid Frücht iyo degmada deriska la ah ee Becheln. Xabaashii tuulada waa la ballaariyay 1977 waxaana la qoday ceel cusub oo tuulada ah. Xarun bulsho oo ujeedkeedu badanyahay ayaa laga furay Frücht laba sano oo dhisid ah ka dib 1980. Saami muhiim ah oo ka mid ah kharashaadka dhismaha ee 500,000 DM waxaa lagu ururiyay tabarucaad ikhtiyaari ah oo ka yimid deganayaasha. Xarun teniska ah ayaa laga furay hoolka agtiisa 1989, iyada oo lagu daray xarun ciirka iyo garoon kubadda cagta ah. == Astaanta degmada == [[Coat of arms|Astaanta degmada]] Frücht waxaa la qaatay 1983. Waxay ka kooban tahay tixraacyada mulkiilayaasha taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, oo uu ku jiro dahabka [[Lion (heraldry)|Libaaxa]] ee [[House of Nassau]] iyo shan caleemood oo cas iyo buluug ah [[Rose (heraldry)|Rose]] ee Barony vom Stein. == Ilaha == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081003100326/http://www.bad-ems.de/home/stadt_und_ortsgemeinden/fruecht/daten_und_fakten/index.html Frücht] page on the Bad Ems Municipal Association website. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Frucht}} [ 2pdq6gbj94fgvtymmwzgpusp86mrmtl 0 50759 305063 2026-08-12T15:49:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Fuchshofen.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|25|44|N|6|51|05|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fuchshofen in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Adenau |elevation = 262 |area = 2.84 |postal_code = 53533 |area_code = 02693 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 022 |website = [http://www.fuchshofen.de/ www.fuchshofen.de] |mayor = Bernd Schmitz<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Fuchshofen''' waa degmo ku taal [[Ahrweiler (district)|degmada Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 6efxf3o5p1d0cnoe7rgdbjswa9k8x07 0 50760 305064 2026-08-12T15:51:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fuchsmühl COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|55|N|12|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fuchsmühl in TIR.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Tirschenreuth |elevation = 624 |area = 14.84 |postal_code = 95689 |area_code = 09634 |licence = TIR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 77 119 |website = [http://www.fuchsmuehl.de/ www.fuchsmuehl.de] |mayor = Wolfgang Braun<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Fuchsmühl''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Tirschenreuth (district)|Tirschenreuth]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fuchsmuhl}} 7daeoqgqgg02id6h1geosr6r28ucy19 0 50761 305065 2026-08-12T15:53:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fuchstal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|56|N|10|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fuchstal in LL.svg |image_photo = Kirchturm marie verkuendigung leeder02.jpg |image_caption = Church of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary in Leeder |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Landsberg am Lech |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Fuchstal |elevation = 659 |area = 39.74 |postal_code = 86925 |area_code = 08243 |licence = LL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 81 121 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.fuchstal.de/ www.fuchstal.de] |mayor = Erwin Karg<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Fuchstal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʊkstaːl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Landsberg (district)|Landsberg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay saddexda tuulo ee kala ah Leeder (xarunta maamulka), Asch iyo Seestall. [[File:Jugendstilhaus.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Jugendstil]] house]] {{clear-left}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Landsberg (district)]] bt6vw2s2scb1yqd99qemwfm6lq4mhja 305066 305065 2026-08-12T15:53:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fuchstal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|56|N|10|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fuchstal in LL.svg |image_photo = Kirchturm marie verkuendigung leeder02.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Annunciation ee Bikradda Maryan ee Leeder |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Landsberg am Lech |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Fuchstal |elevation = 659 |area = 39.74 |postal_code = 86925 |area_code = 08243 |licence = LL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 81 121 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.fuchstal.de/ www.fuchstal.de] |mayor = Erwin Karg<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Fuchstal''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʊkstaːl}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Landsberg (district)|Landsberg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay saddexda tuulo ee kala ah Leeder (xarunta maamulka), Asch iyo Seestall. [[File:Jugendstilhaus.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Jugendstil]] house]] {{clear-left}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Landsberg (district)]] hah2ngnfqf1hxirsks36w1tq03f1042 0 50762 305067 2026-08-12T15:55:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Fuhlendorf |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|21|38|N|12|36|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Fuhlendorf_in_VR.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Barth |elevation = 4 |area = 17.04 |postal_code = 1835 |area_code = 038231 |licence = NVP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 025 |website = [https://www.amt-barth.de/gemeinden/fuhlendorf/ www.amt-barth.de] |mayor = Eberhardt Groth }} '''Fuhlendorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 043ndcnk0pvdvp6u1y9nelpfxzfu5sy 0 50763 305068 2026-08-12T15:56:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Fuhlenhagen Fachwerkkapelle St. Georg.JPG |image_coa = DEU Fuhlenhagen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|34|25|N|10|31|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fuhlenhagen in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Schwarzenbek-Land |elevation = 46 |area = 5.74 |postal_code = 21493 |area_code = 04156 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 031 |website = [http://www.amt-schwarzenbek-land.de/ www.amt-schwarzenbek-land.de] |mayor = Wolfgang Krüger }} '''Fuhlenhagen''' waa degmo ku taal [[Lauenburg (district)|degmada Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 3g8y8gl104rxdgyibowx9rzjmawzrno 0 50764 305069 2026-08-12T15:59:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Fuldatal |image_coa = DEU Fuldatal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|23|N|09|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fuldatal in KS mit Labels.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Kassel |elevation = 176 |area = 33.68 |postal_code = 34233 |area_code = 0561, 05607, 05541 |licence = KS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 33 009 |website = [https://www.fuldatal.de/ www.fuldatal.de] |mayor = Tore Florin<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Fuldatal''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Kassel (district)|Kassel]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Fulda River]], 5&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Kassel]]. [[Kassel-Rothwesten Airfield]], oo ah saldhig ciidan iyo xero hore, ayaa ku taal Fuldatal. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0ligdrlbw9fchhtynlyeazqsq5myt90 0 50765 305070 2026-08-12T16:01:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|25|00|N|12|22|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fünfseen in MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Malchow |elevation = 90 |area = 51.82 |postal_code = 17209, 17213 |area_code = 039924, 039932 |licence = MSE, AT, DM, MC, MST, MÜR, NZ, RM, WRN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 036 |website = |mayor = Egbert Wenghöfer }} '''Fünfseen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay maamusho [[Malchow (Amt)|Amt Malchow]] oo saldhiggeedu yahay [[Malchow|magaca isla magaca ah]]. Fünfseen waxaa la aas-aasay iyadoo la midaynayo bulshadii hore ee madaxbannaaneyd ee Adamshoffnung, Grüssow, Kogel, Rogeez iyo Satow 1 Janaayo 2005.<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2005.html StBA: local government reorganisation from 01.01. to 31.12.2005]</ref> Xaafadaha kale waa Bruchmühle, Lenz-Süd, Neu Grüssow, Petersdorf iyo Satow Hütte. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Funfseen}} ezsgcsm5fdy1uevrr4mimczydh8y6js 0 50766 305071 2026-08-12T16:02:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fünfstetten COA.svg |image_photo = Fünfstetten Gasthof Schlößle (03).jpg |image_caption = "Schlößle" Inn oo ku taal Fünfstetten |coordinates = {{coord|48|49|N|10|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fünfstetten in DON.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Donau-Ries |elevation = 480 |area = 26.72 |postal_code = 86681 |area_code = 09091 |licence = DON |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 79 148 |mayor = Josef Bickelbacher<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|http://www.fuenfstetten.de/}} }} '''Fünfstetten''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Donau-Ries]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Funfstetten}} 7h6ovablrpkt81lo5o8ns4skigqhv4i 0 50767 305072 2026-08-12T16:04:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fürsteneck COA.svg |image_photo = Schloss Fuersteneck 2.jpg |image_caption = Fürsteneck Castle |coordinates = {{coord|48|43|N|13|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fürsteneck in FRG.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Freyung-Grafenau |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Perlesreut |elevation = 336-638 |area = 10.42 |postal_code = 94142 |area_code = 08555 |licence = FRG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 72 119 |website = [http://www.fuersteneck.de/ www.fuersteneck.de] |mayor = Alexander Pieringer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Fürsteneck''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Freyung-Grafenau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fursteneck}} ryhlxhff0lteywpz1eyfoxct4vntkri 305073 305072 2026-08-12T16:04:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fürsteneck COA.svg |image_photo = Schloss Fuersteneck 2.jpg |image_caption = Qasriga Fürstenec |coordinates = {{coord|48|43|N|13|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fürsteneck in FRG.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Freyung-Grafenau |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Perlesreut |elevation = 336-638 |area = 10.42 |postal_code = 94142 |area_code = 08555 |licence = FRG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 72 119 |website = [http://www.fuersteneck.de/ www.fuersteneck.de] |mayor = Alexander Pieringer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Fürsteneck''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Freyung-Grafenau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fursteneck}} 9fp5q01z2buwndcxg6sto6szi0498g5 0 50768 305074 2026-08-12T16:06:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fürstenstein COA.svg |image_skyline = Fuerstenstein-Ansicht.jpg |image_caption = General view of the town |coordinates = {{coord|48|43|N|13|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fürstenstein in PA.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Passau |elevation = 577 |area = 19.30 |postal_code = 94538 |area_code = 08504 |licence = PA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 75 121 |website = {{URL|https://www.fuerstenstein.de|fuerstenstein.de}} |mayor = Stephan Gawlik<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Fürstenstein''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Passau (district)|Passau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Furstenstein}} 052sr71vgeiyb40rpo81zw8tmdfc73l 305075 305074 2026-08-12T16:06:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fürstenstein COA.svg |image_skyline = Fuerstenstein-Ansicht.jpg |image_caption = Aragtida guud ee magaalada |coordinates = {{coord|48|43|N|13|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fürstenstein in PA.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Passau |elevation = 577 |area = 19.30 |postal_code = 94538 |area_code = 08504 |licence = PA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 75 121 |website = {{URL|https://www.fuerstenstein.de|fuerstenstein.de}} |mayor = Stephan Gawlik<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Fürstenstein''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Passau (district)|Passau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Furstenstein}} h5m7xw6d9adxdd1hdv4m9uoni594vfh 0 50769 305076 2026-08-12T16:07:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fürstenzell COA.svg |image_photo = Klosterkirche Fürstenzell 2.JPG |image_caption = [[Fürstenzell Abbey]] Church |coordinates = {{coord|48|32|N|13|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fürstenzell in PA.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Passau |elevation = 320-497 |area = 79.36 |postal_code = 94081 |area_code = 08502 |licence = PA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 75 122 |website = [https://www.fuerstenzell.de/ www.fuerstenzell.de] |mayor = Manfred Hammer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Fürstenzell''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʏʁstn̩tsɛl}}; {{langx|bar|label=[[Central Bavarian]]|Fiaschtnzei}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Passau (district)|Passau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Cimilada == {{Weather box | location = Fürstenzell (1991–2020 normals) | metric first = Y | single line = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan high C = 1.3 |Feb high C = 3.8 |Mar high C = 8.8 |Apr high C = 14.7 |May high C = 18.9 |Jun high C = 22.5 |Jul high C = 24.0 |Aug high C = 23.8 |Sep high C = 18.8 |Oct high C = 13.0 |Nov high C = 6.4 |Dec high C = 2.3 | year high C = 13.2 |Jan mean C = -1.2 |Feb mean C = 0.5 |Mar mean C = 4.5 |Apr mean C = 9.5 |May mean C = 13.8 |Jun mean C = 17.3 |Jul mean C = 18.6 |Aug mean C = 18.5 |Sep mean C = 13.9 |Oct mean C = 9.0 |Nov mean C = 3.6 |Dec mean C = 0.0 |year mean C = 9.0 |Jan low C = -3.7 |Feb low C = -2.6 |Mar low C = 0.6 |Apr low C = 4.5 |May low C = 8.8 |Jun low C = 12.3 |Jul low C = 13.6 |Aug low C = 13.5 |Sep low C = 9.6 |Oct low C = 5.5 |Nov low C = 1.1 |Dec low C = -2.3 | year low C = 5.1 | precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 66.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 57.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 69.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 46.4 |May precipitation mm = 93.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 86.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 111.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 92.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 71.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 64.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 56.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 61.4 | year precipitation mm = 872.4 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 17.4 |Feb precipitation days = 14.6 |Mar precipitation days = 15.2 |Apr precipitation days = 11.8 |May precipitation days = 15.6 |Jun precipitation days = 15.5 |Jul precipitation days = 16.5 |Aug precipitation days = 13.8 |Sep precipitation days = 12.9 |Oct precipitation days = 14.8 |Nov precipitation days = 14.2 |Dec precipitation days = 17.5 |year precipitation days = 180.2 |Jan sun = 57.0 |Feb sun = 92.9 |Mar sun = 148.4 |Apr sun = 205.5 |May sun = 223.8 |Jun sun = 242.8 |Jul sun = 241.6 |Aug sun = 236.6 |Sep sun = 176.1 |Oct sun = 116.0 |Nov sun = 58.3 |Dec sun = 49.2 |year sun = 1846.5 |Jan humidity = 90.2 |Feb humidity = 84.1 |Mar humidity = 76.5 |Apr humidity = 69.1 |May humidity = 72.1 |Jun humidity = 82.5 |Jul humidity = 73.8 |Aug humidity = 74.6 |Sep humidity = 81.3 |Oct humidity = 87.2 |Nov humidity = 92.2 |Dec humidity = 91.9 |unit snow days = 1.0 cm |Jan snow days = 18.2 |Feb snow days = 14.7 |Mar snow days = 6.8 |Apr snow days = 0.2 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0.1 |Nov snow days = 3.9 |Dec snow days = 11.4 |year snow days = | source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Fuerstenzell_10895.csv | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref> }} == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Senta Dinglreiter]] (1893–1969), qoraa, oo ugu caansan suugaanteedii gumeysiga ee xilligii Naasiyada iyo sheekooyinkeeda dagaalka ka dib ee ku saabsan nolosha beeraleyda ee Fürstenzell == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Furstenzell}} 8wrxhg42q09agwlxg6r8fwxzqwxu4u7 0 50770 305077 2026-08-12T16:09:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Gablingen COA.svg |image_photo = Schloss Gablingen.jpg |image_caption = Gablingen Castle with the Church of Saint Martin |coordinates = {{coord|48|27|N|10|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gablingen in A.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Augsburg |elevation = 455 |area = 26.74 |postal_code = 86456 |area_code = 08230 |licence = A |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 145 |mayor = Karina Ruf<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |website = [http://www.gablingen.de www.gablingen.de] }} '''Gablingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal [[Augsburg (district)|degmada Augsburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Schmutter]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nf4i1n0xtah6onyey5ph12gp08ka5xs 305078 305077 2026-08-12T16:09:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Gablingen COA.svg |image_photo = Schloss Gablingen.jpg |image_caption = Qalcadda Gablingen oo leh Kaniisadda Saint Martin |coordinates = {{coord|48|27|N|10|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gablingen in A.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Augsburg |elevation = 455 |area = 26.74 |postal_code = 86456 |area_code = 08230 |licence = A |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 145 |mayor = Karina Ruf<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |website = [http://www.gablingen.de www.gablingen.de] }} '''Gablingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal [[Augsburg (district)|degmada Augsburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Schmutter]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f5fmm86tbq7fq49rkonqwj9kglffvln 0 50771 305079 2026-08-12T16:11:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen_Gachenbach.png |coordinates = {{coord|48|30|N|11|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gachenbach in ND.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Neuburg-Schrobenhausen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Schrobenhausen |elevation = 452 |area = 30.25 |postal_code = 86565 |area_code = 08259 |licence = ND |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 85 131 |mayor = Alfred Lengler<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Gachenbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡaxn̩bax}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hk3ze7vmqkyn7e9rffv11r2muzky14o 10 50772 305088 2026-08-13T11:29:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:string|replace|{{{1|}}}|(....).(%a+).(.+)|%3 %2 %1|plain=false}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 43qw95zgoxrha4fnluz5hm973n69gh4 828 50773 305089 2026-08-13T11:30:17Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- -- This module implements many bracket templates -- local p = {} local args = {} local rows = {} local mask = {} local rounds local maxround local legs = {} local compact local byes local hideSeeds local showSeeds local hideHeadings local showThird local offsetThird local compactFinal local sepwidth local aggsep local aggregate local boldwinner local hideomittedscores local RD1seedmap = {} local tcats = '' local function isnotblank(s) return s and s ~= '' end local functio... 305089 Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements many bracket templates -- local p = {} local args = {} local rows = {} local mask = {} local rounds local maxround local legs = {} local compact local byes local hideSeeds local showSeeds local hideHeadings local showThird local offsetThird local compactFinal local sepwidth local aggsep local aggregate local boldwinner local hideomittedscores local RD1seedmap = {} local tcats = '' local function isnotblank(s) return s and s ~= '' end local function isblank(s) return (not s) or (s == '') end local function sumScores(s1, s2) s1 = mw.ustring.gsub(s1 or '', '^[\'%s]*([%d%.]*).-$', '%1') s2 = mw.ustring.gsub(s2 or '', '^[\'%s]*([%d%.]*).-$', '%1') if s1 ~= '' and s2 ~= '' then return tonumber(s1) + tonumber(s2) end return s1 end local function scoreCompare(s1,s2,highwin) local ps1 = mw.ustring.gsub(s1 or '', '^[\'%s]*([%d%.]*)[\'%s]*%([\'%s]*([%d%.]*)[\'%s]*%).-$', '%2') local ps2 = mw.ustring.gsub(s2 or '', '^[\'%s]*([%d%.]*)[\'%s]*%([\'%s]*([%d%.]*)[\'%s]*%).-$', '%2') s1 = mw.ustring.gsub(s1 or '', '^[\'%s]*([%d%.]*).-$', '%1') s2 = mw.ustring.gsub(s2 or '', '^[\'%s]*([%d%.]*).-$', '%1') if s1 ~= '' and s2 ~= '' then s1 = tonumber(s1) s2 = tonumber(s2) if s1 and s2 then if (s1 == s2) then ps1 = tonumber(ps1) ps2 = tonumber(ps2) if ps1 and ps2 then s1 = ps1 s2 = ps2 end end if highwin then return ((s1 > s2) and 1) or ((s1 < s2) and 2) or 0 else return ((s2 > s1) and 1) or ((s2 < s1) and 2) or 0 end end end return 0 end local function unboldParenthetical(s) if s then s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(%(%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%]%))', '<span style="font-weight:normal">%1</span>') end return s end local function parseArgs(frame) local fargs = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args; local r = tonumber(fargs.rounds or '') or tonumber(pargs.rounds or '') or 2 local teams = math.pow(2, r) local rdstr = 'RD' .. tostring(r) local rdbstr = 'RD' .. tostring(r) .. 'b' local rdp1str = 'RD' .. tostring(r+1) for i=1,2 do local targs = (i == 1) and pargs or fargs for k,v in pairs(targs) do if type(k) == 'string' then if k:find('^[R3][Dr][d1-9]b?%-[a-z]+00*') then k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '^([R3][Dr][d1-9]b?%-[a-z]+)00*', '%1') if (teams < 10) then tcats = tcats .. '[[Category:Pages using a team bracket with deprecated syntax|P]]' end end if k:find('^' .. rdp1str) then k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '^' .. rdp1str, '3rd') tcats = tcats .. '[[Category:Pages using a team bracket with deprecated syntax|3]]' elseif k:find('^' .. rdbstr) then k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '^' .. rdbstr, '3rd') elseif k:find('^' .. rdstr .. '%-[a-z]+3') then k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '^' .. rdstr .. '(%-[a-z]+)3', '3rd%11') elseif k:find('^' .. rdstr .. '%-[a-z]+4') then k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '^' .. rdstr .. '(%-[a-z]+)4', '3rd%12') elseif k:find('^Consol') then k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '^Consol', '3rd') tcats = tcats .. '[[Category:Pages using a team bracket with deprecated syntax|3]]' elseif k:find('^group[0-9]') then tcats = tcats .. '[[Category:Pages using a team bracket with deprecated syntax|G]]' end end args[k] = v end end if (args['byes'] and (args['byes'] == 'yes' or args['byes'] == 'y')) then tcats = tcats .. '[[Category:Pages using a team bracket with deprecated syntax|B]]' end end local function parseSeedmap(s) s = mw.text.split((s or '0') .. '/', '[%s]*/[%s]*') local teams = math.pow(2, rounds) for r=1,teams do RD1seedmap[r] = 1 end for r=1,#s do if tonumber(s[r] or 'x') then RD1seedmap[tonumber(s[r])] = 0 end end local c = 1 for r=1,teams do if RD1seedmap[r] > 0 then RD1seedmap[r] = c c = c + 1 end end end local function parseLegs(s) s = mw.text.split((s or '1') .. '/', '[%s]*/[%s]*') if aggregate == 'n' or aggregate == 'no' or aggregate == '0' then aggregate = '' end local n = showThird and (rounds + 1) or (rounds) local lastlegs = nil for r=1,n do if tonumber(s[r]) then legs[r] = tonumber(s[r]) elseif lastlegs then legs[r] = lastlegs else legs[r] = 1 end lastlegs = legs[r] if legs[r] > 1 and aggregate ~= '' then legs[r] = legs[r] + 1 end end end local function getSeeds() local seeds = {1, 2} local count = 2 local before = false for r = 2, rounds do local max = math.pow(2, r) for i = 1, count do local pos = i * 2 if before then pos = pos - 1 end table.insert(seeds, pos, max - seeds[i * 2 - 1] + 1) before = not before end count = count * 2 end return seeds end local function addTableRow(tbl) return tbl:tag('tr') end local function addBlank(i, css, rowspan, colspan) local row = rows[i] rowspan = rowspan or 1 local jmax = i + rowspan - 1 for j = i, jmax do if rows[j] == nil then rowspan = rowspan - 1 elseif row == nil then row = rows[j] end end local cell = row and row:tag('td') or mw.html.create('td') if rowspan and rowspan > 1 then cell:attr('rowspan', rowspan) end if colspan and colspan > 1 then cell:attr('colspan', colspan) end if css then cell:css(css) end return cell end local function addBorders(cell, topcell, seedorteam, extrasep) if sepwidth > 1 then topcell = true end if seedorteam then cell:css('border', '1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)') :css('border-top-width', topcell and '1px' or '0') else cell:css('border-color', 'var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)') :css('border-style', 'solid') :css('border-top-width', topcell and '1px' or '0') :css('border-left-width', (extrasep and '1px') or ((sepwidth > 1) and '1px') or '0') :css('border-right-width', '1px') :css('border-bottom-width', '1px') end end local function addHeading(row, r, text, pad) pad = (pad == nil or pad < 0) and 0 or pad local cell = row:tag('td') :attr('colspan', tonumber(hideSeeds and '1' or '2') + legs[r] + pad) :css('text-align', 'center') :css('border', '1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)') :css('color', 'var(--color-base,#202122)') :css('overflow', 'inherit') -- Added due to strange interactions with dark mode and Vector 2022. :css('background-color', args['RD-shade'] or 'var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)') :wikitext(text) :newline() if args['RD-shade'] then cell:css('color', '#202122') -- Makes text dark if there's a custom colour underneath it end end local function getWidth(param, default) local arg = args[param .. '-width'] if isblank(arg) then arg = default end if tonumber(arg) then arg = arg .. 'px' end return arg end local function getTeamArgName(round, type, team) if round > rounds then return string.format('3rd-%s%d', type, team) else if (round == 1) then team = RD1seedmap[team] if team == 0 then return 'NIL' end end return string.format('RD%d-%s%d', round, type, team) end end local function getShadeArg(round, team, s) local argname = getTeamArgName(round, 'shade', team) .. (s and ('-' .. s) or '') local value = args[argname] if isblank(value) then return nil end return value end local function getScoreArg(round, team, s) local argname = getTeamArgName(round, 'score', team) .. (s and ('-' .. s) or '') local value = args[argname] return value end local function getTeamArg(round, type, team) local argname = getTeamArgName(round, type, team) local value = args[argname] if isblank(value) then return '' end if mw.ustring.find(value, '[%s]*<[%s/]*[Bb][Rr][%s/]*>[%s ]*&[Nn][Bb][Ss][Pp];[%s]*') then tcats = tcats .. '[[Category:Pages using a team bracket with nbsp]]' end return mw.ustring.gsub(value, '[%s]*<[%s/]*[Bb][Rr][%s/]*>[%s ]*&[Nn][Bb][Ss][Pp];[%s]*', '<br/>') end local function isHidden(r, team) return isblank( getTeamArg(r, 'team', team) ) end local function getRoundName(round) local name = args['RD' .. round] if isnotblank(name) then return name end local roundFromLast = rounds - round + 1 if roundFromLast == 1 then return "Finals" elseif roundFromLast == 2 then return "Semifinals" elseif roundFromLast == 3 then return "Quarterfinals" else return "Round of " .. math.pow(2, roundFromLast) end end local function addPath(index, round, top, left, w) local prop = top and 'border-bottom-width' or 'border-top-width' if left and round == 1 then if compact then addBlank(index) else addBlank(index, {['height'] = '7px'}) addBlank(index+1, {['height'] = '7px'}) end return nil else local cell = addBlank(index, {['border-width'] = '0', ['border-style'] = 'solid', ['border-color'] = 'inherit'}, (not compact) and 2 or 1) if left or round < maxround and not left then cell:css(prop, w or '2px') end return cell end end local function renderTeam(row, round, team, top, otherbye, pad) pad = (pad == nil or pad < 0) and 0 or pad local tcs = pad + 1 local seedCell local shade = getShadeArg(round, team) or 'var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)' local shadeseed = getShadeArg(round, team, 'seed') or getShadeArg(round, team) or 'var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)' local seedArg = getTeamArg(round, 'seed', team) -- seed value for the paired team local otherteam = team % 2 == 0 and team-1 or team+1 local pairSeedArg = otherbye and '' or getTeamArg(round, 'seed', otherteam) -- show seed if seed is defined for either or both local showSeed = showSeeds or isnotblank(seedArg) or isnotblank(pairSeedArg) if showSeed and (not hideSeeds) then seedCell = row:tag('td') :css('text-align', 'center') :css('color', 'var(--color-base,#202122)') :css('overflow', 'inherit') -- Added due to strange interactions with dark mode and Vector 2022. :css('background-color', shadeseed) :attr('rowspan', (not compact) and '2' or nil) :wikitext(seedArg) :newline() if (shadeseed ~= 'var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)') then seedCell:css('color', '#202122') -- Makes text dark if there's a custom colour underneath it end addBorders(seedCell, top or otherbye, true, false) end local teamArg = getTeamArg(round, 'team', team) if isblank(teamArg) then teamArg = '&nbsp;' elseif boldwinner ~= '' then teamArg = unboldParenthetical(teamArg) end if not showSeed and (not hideSeeds) then tcs = tcs + 1 end local teamCell = row:tag('td') :css('color', 'var(--color-base,#202122)') :css('overflow', 'inherit') -- Added due to strange interactions with dark mode and Vector 2022. :css('background-color', shade) :css('padding', '0 2px') :attr('rowspan', (not compact) and '2' or nil) :attr('colspan', (tcs > 1) and tcs or nil) :wikitext(teamArg) :newline() if (shade ~= 'var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)') then teamCell:css('color', '#202122') -- Makes text dark if there's a custom colour underneath it end addBorders(teamCell, top or otherbye, true, false) local scoreCells = {} local wins, otherwins = 0, 0 local sumscore, othersumscore = 0, 0 local teamcolspan = tcs local hassum = false for s = 1, legs[round] do local fw = nil local agg = legs[round] > 1 and s == legs[round] and true or false local score1 = (agg and getScoreArg(round, team, 'agg') or nil) or getScoreArg(round, team, s) or ((legs[round] == 1) and getScoreArg(round, team)) or nil local score2 = (agg and getScoreArg(round, otherteam, 'agg') or nil) or getScoreArg(round, otherteam, s) or ((legs[round] == 1) and getScoreArg(round, otherteam)) or nil local showscore = true if agg and aggregate ~= '' and score1 == nil and hassum then score1 = (aggregate == 'score') and sumscore or ((aggregate == 'legs' or aggregate == 'sets') and wins) or nil end if agg and aggregate ~= '' and score2 == nil and hassum then score2 = (aggregate == 'score') and othersumscore or ((aggregate == 'legs' or aggregate == 'sets') and otherwins) or nil end if (score1 == nil or score1 == '') and (score2 == nil or score2 == '') then if hideomittedscores > 0 and s >= hideomittedscores then teamcolspan = teamcolspan + 1 showscore = false end else hassum = true end if showscore then local winner = scoreCompare(score1, score2, boldwinner ~= 'low') sumscore = sumScores(sumscore, score1) othersumscore = sumScores(othersumscore, score2) if winner == 1 then if boldwinner ~= '' or (agg and (aggregate == 'score' or aggregate == 'legs' or aggregate == 'sets')) then if agg and (aggregate == 'legs' or aggregate == 'sets') and (wins <= (legs[round] - 1)/2) then else fw = 'bold' end end if not (agg and (aggregate == 'score' or aggregate == 'legs' or aggregate == 'sets')) then wins = wins + 1 end elseif winner == 2 then if not (agg and (aggregate == 'score' or aggregate == 'legs' or aggregate == 'sets')) then otherwins = otherwins + 1 end end local shadearg = getShadeArg(round, team, s) or shade scoreCells[s] = row:tag('td') :css('text-align', 'center') :css('color', 'var(--color-base,#202122)') :css('overflow', 'inherit') -- Added due to strange interactions with dark mode and Vector 2022. :css('background-color', shadearg) :css('font-weight', fw) :attr('rowspan', (not compact) and '2' or nil) :wikitext(score1) :newline() if (shadearg ~= 'var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)') then scoreCells[s]:css('color', '#202122') -- Makes text dark if there's a custom colour underneath it end addBorders(scoreCells[s], top or otherbye, false, s > 1 and s == legs[round] and aggsep or nil) end end if teamcolspan > 1 then teamCell:attr('colspan', teamcolspan) end if boldwinner ~= '' and wins > otherwins then if (aggregate == 'legs' or aggregate == 'sets') and (wins <= (legs[round] - 1)/2) then else if seedCell then seedCell:css('font-weight', 'bold') end if teamCell then teamCell:css('font-weight', 'bold') end end end end local function renderRound(count, r) local teams = math.pow(2, rounds - r + 1) local step = count / teams local topTeam = true -- is top row in match-up local topPair = true -- is top match-up in pair of match-ups local team = 1 local group = 1 for i = 1, count, step do local offset, height, blank local hideteam = false local otherhideteam = false local hideleftpath = false local hiderightpath = false if r <= byes then hideteam = isHidden(r, team) otherhideteam = isHidden(r, team % 2 == 0 and team-1 or team+1) end if (r == 1) and (RD1seedmap[team] <= 0) then hideteam = true end if (r > 1) and (r <= (byes + 1)) then hideleftpath = isHidden(r-1, 2*team-1) and isHidden(r-1, 2*team) end if (r == 2) and (RD1seedmap[2*team-1] <= 0 and RD1seedmap[2*team] <= 0) then hideleftpath = true end if compactFinal and (r == rounds) then hideleftpath = true end if (tonumber(args['RD' .. (r-1) .. '-RD' .. (r) .. '-path']) or 2) == 0 then hideleftpath = true end if (tonumber(args['RD' .. (r) .. '-RD' .. (r + 1) .. '-path']) or 2) == 0 then hiderightpath = true end -- empty space above or below if compact then offset = topTeam and i or i + 1 height = step - 1 -- leave room for groups for teams other than first and last elseif team == 1 or team == teams then offset = topTeam and i or i + 2 height = step - 2 else offset = topTeam and i + 1 or i + 2 height = step - 3 end if showThird and (r == rounds) and (not topTeam) then height = offset - offsetThird end if compactFinal and (r == (maxround - 1)) then if team == 2 then height = height - 3 end if team == 3 then height = height - 1 offset = offset + 1 addBlank(offset-3, nil, 1, tonumber(hideSeeds and '2' or '3') + legs[r]) addBlank(offset-4) addHeading(rows[offset-4], r + 1, getRoundName(r+1), legs[r] - legs[r+1]) local b = addBlank(offset-4, { ['border-color'] = 'inherit', ['border-style']= 'solid', ['border-width']= '0'}, 2) b:css('border-right-width', '2px') end end if height > 0 then local pad = 0 local betweenTeams = (topTeam == false and topPair == true) or (topTeam == true and topPair == false) if compactFinal and (r == maxround - 1) then betweenTeams = false end if compactFinal and (r == maxround - 1) and legs[r+1] > legs[r] then pad = legs[r+1] - legs[r] end if compact and betweenTeams then addBlank(offset, nil, height, 1) if topPair then blank = addBlank(offset, nil, 2*height, tonumber(hideSeeds and '1' or '2') + legs[r] + pad) if args['RD' .. r .. '-group' .. group] then blank:wikitext(args['RD' .. r .. '-group' .. group]) blank:css('text-align', 'center') end group = group + 1 end blank = addBlank(offset, {['border-width'] = '0', ['border-style'] = 'solid', ['border-color'] = 'inherit'}, height, 1) else blank = addBlank(offset, {['border-width'] = '0', ['border-style'] = 'solid', ['border-color'] = 'inherit'}, height, tonumber(hideSeeds and '3' or '4') + legs[r] + pad) end end -- add bracket local j = topTeam and i + step - (compact and 1 or 2) or i -- add left path addPath(j, r, topTeam, true, hideleftpath and '0' or '2px') if hideteam then addBlank(j, nil, (not compact) and 2 or nil, tonumber(hideSeeds and '1' or '2') + legs[r]) elseif rows[j] then if compactFinal and (r == maxround) then renderTeam(rows[j], r, team, topTeam, otherhideteam, legs[r-1] - legs[r]) elseif compactFinal and (r == maxround - 1) then renderTeam(rows[j], r, team, topTeam, otherhideteam, legs[r+1] - legs[r]) else renderTeam(rows[j], r, team, topTeam, otherhideteam) end end local rightPath = addPath(j, r, topTeam, false, (hiderightpath or hideteam) and '0' or '2px') if not topTeam then topPair = not topPair end if not topPair and r < maxround and (not (hiderightpath or hideteam)) then if blank then blank:css('border-right-width', '2px') end rightPath:css('border-right-width', '2px') end if compactFinal and (r == maxround) then local prop = (team == 1) and 'border-bottom-width' or 'border-top-width' rightPath:css('border-right-width', '2px') :css(prop, '2px') end team = team + 1 topTeam = not topTeam end end local function renderGroups(count, round) local roundFromLast = rounds - round + 1 local groups = math.pow(2, roundFromLast - 2) local step = count / groups local group = 1 local offset = 0 local team = 0 local wdef = (tonumber(args['RD' .. (round) .. '-RD' .. (round + 1) .. '-path']) or 2) .. 'px' local w = wdef for r = 1,round do offset = offset + (hideSeeds and 3 or 4) + legs[r] end for i = step / 2, count, step do local name = 'RD' .. round .. '-group' .. group addBlank(i, {['height'] = '7px'}) addBlank(i+1, {['height'] = '7px'}) addBlank(i, {['text-align'] = 'center'}, 2, offset-2) :wikitext(args[name]) :newline() if (round <= byes) then team = i/(step/2) w = isHidden(round, 2*team-1) and isHidden(round, 2*team) and '0' or wdef end if (round < maxround) then addBlank(i, { ['border-color'] = 'inherit', ['border-style'] = 'solid', ['border-width'] = '0 ' .. w .. ' 0 0'}) else addBlank(i) end if (round <= byes) then team = team + 1 w = isHidden(round, 2*team-1) and isHidden(round, 2*team) and '0' or wdef end if (round < maxround) then addBlank(i+1, { ['border-color'] = 'inherit', ['border-style'] = 'solid', ['border-width'] = '0 ' .. w .. ' 0 0'}) else addBlank(i+1) end group = group + 1 end end local function getThirdOffset() local offset = (compact and 1 or 3) * (math.pow(2, rounds) - math.pow(2, rounds-3)) - (compact and 2 or 4) if rounds < 2 then offset = compact and 4 or 7 elseif rounds < 3 then offset = compact and 6 or 10 elseif rounds < 4 then offset = compact and 8 or 17 end return offset end local function renderThird(count) local k = offsetThird local row = rows[k] local blank if rounds < 2 then blank = addBlank(k-1, {['height'] = '7px'}) end blank = addBlank(k, rounds < 2 and {['height'] = '7px'} or nil) addHeading(row, rounds + 1, args['3rd'] or 'Third place') if rounds < 2 then for i = 1,(compact and 1 or 2) do blank = addBlank(k+i, {['height'] = '7px'}) end end k = k + (compact and 2 or 3) for i = 1,2 do row = rows[k] blank = addBlank(k, rounds < 2 and {['height'] = '7px'} or nil) if row then renderTeam(row, rounds + 1, i, i == 1, false) end if rounds < 2 and not compact then blank = addBlank(k+1, {['height'] = '7px'}) end k = k + (compact and 1 or 2) end end local function maskRows(tbl, count, offsetcount) local rmin = 1 local rmax = count for i = rmin, rmax do mask[i] = false end if showThird then for i = offsetThird,(offsetThird+ (compact and 3 or 5)) do rmax = (i > rmax) and i or rmax mask[i] = true end end for r = 1, maxround do local teams = math.pow(2, rounds - r + 1) local step = count / teams local topTeam = true -- is top row in match-up local team = 1 for i = 1, count, step do local offset, height, blank local hideteam = false if r <= byes then hideteam = isHidden(r, team) end if (r == 1) and (RD1seedmap[team] <= 0) then hideteam = true end if not hideteam then local j = topTeam and i + step - (compact and 1 or 2) or i mask[j] = true end team = team + 1 topTeam = not topTeam end end for r = 1, maxround do local roundFromLast = rounds - r + 1 local groups = math.pow(2, roundFromLast - 2) local step = count / groups local group = 1 for i = step / 2, count, step do if args['RD' .. r .. '-group' .. group] then mask[i] = true mask[i+1] = true end group = group + 1 end end local mmin, mmax = rmax, rmin for i = rmin, rmax do if mask[i] == true then mmin = math.min(i, mmin) mmax = math.max(i, mmax) end end for i = mmin, mmax do rows[i] = addTableRow(tbl) end end local function renderTree(tbl) -- create 3 or 1 rows for every team local count = math.pow(2, rounds) * (compact and 1 or 3) local offsetcount = 2 * (compact and 1 or 3) + (compact and 2 or 3) offsetThird = getThirdOffset() maskRows(tbl, count, offsetcount) if showThird then for i = (count+1), (offsetcount + offsetThird) do if (rounds > 1) then local blank = addBlank(i, nil, 1, tonumber(hideSeeds and '3' or '4') + legs[1]) if compact and (rounds > 2) then blank = addBlank(i, nil, 1, tonumber(hideSeeds and '3' or '4') + legs[2]) end end end end if not compact then -- fill rows with groups for r = 1, rounds - 1 do renderGroups(count, r) end end -- fill rows with bracket for r = 1, maxround do renderRound(count, r) end if showThird then renderThird(count, compact) end end local function renderHeadings(tbl) local titleRow = addTableRow((not hideHeadings) and tbl or mw.html.create('table')) local widthRow = addTableRow(tbl) for r = 1, (compactFinal and (maxround-1) or maxround) do titleRow:tag('td') widthRow:tag('td'):css('width', r > 1 and '5px' or '1px') if compactFinal and r == (maxround-1) then addHeading(titleRow, r, getRoundName(r), legs[r+1] - legs[r]) else addHeading(titleRow, r, getRoundName(r) ) end local seedCell if (not hideSeeds) then seedCell = widthRow:tag('td'):css('width', getWidth('seed', '25px')) end local teamCell = widthRow:tag('td'):css('width', getWidth('team', '150px')) local scoreCells = {} local legsr = legs[r] if compactFinal and r == (maxround-1) then legsr = legs[r+1] > legs[r] and legs[r+1] or legs[r] end for s = 1, legsr do local score_width = '25px' if aggregate and aggregate ~= '' and s > 1 and s == legsr then score_width = getWidth('agg', getWidth('score', score_width)) else score_width = getWidth('score', score_width) end scoreCells[s] = widthRow:tag('td'):css('width', score_width) end titleRow:tag('td') widthRow:tag('td'):css('width', r < rounds and '5px' or '1px') if compact then teamCell:css('height', '7px') else if seedCell then seedCell:wikitext('&nbsp;') end teamCell:wikitext('&nbsp;') for s = 1, legs[r] do scoreCells[s]:wikitext('&nbsp;') end end end end function p.main(frame) parseArgs(frame) rounds = tonumber(args.rounds) or 2 maxround = tonumber(args.maxround) or rounds local teams = math.pow(2, rounds) compact = (args['compact'] == 'yes' or args['compact'] == 'y') compactFinal = ((rounds > 4) and compact and args['compact-final'] and (args['compact-final'] == 'yes' or args['compact-final'] == 'y')) sepwidth = tonumber(args['sepwidth'] or ((args.sets or args.legs) and 1) or (compact and 1) or 2) or 1 aggregate = (args['aggregate'] or ''):lower() aggsep = args['aggsep'] or args['aggregate'] boldwinner = args['boldwinner'] or args['bold_winner'] or '' local autoSeeds = (args['autoseeds'] == 'yes' or args['autoseeds'] == 'y') hideSeeds = (args['seeds'] == 'no' or args['seeds'] == 'n') showSeeds = (args['seeds'] == 'yes' or args['seeds'] == 'y') byes = (args['byes'] and (args['byes'] == 'yes' or args['byes'] == 'y') and 1) or (tonumber(args['byes'] or '0') or 0) hideomittedscores = (args['hideomittedscores'] and (args['hideomittedscores'] == 'yes' or args['hideomittedscores'] == 'y') and 1) or (tonumber(args['hideomittedscores'] or '0') or 0) hideHeadings = (args['headings'] == 'no' or args['headings'] == 'n') showThird = isnotblank(args['3rd']) or isnotblank(args['3rd-team1']) or isnotblank(args['3rd-team2']) local align = (args['float'] or args['align'] or ''):lower() local clear = args['clear'] or 'none' parseSeedmap(args['RD1-omit']) parseLegs(args.sets or args.legs) if autoSeeds then -- set default seeds for round 1 local seeds = getSeeds() for i = 1, table.getn(seeds) do local argname = getTeamArgName(1, 'seed', i) args[argname] = args[argname] or seeds[i] end end -- create the table local tbl = mw.html.create('table') :css('border-style', 'none') :css('font-size', '90%') :css('border-collapse', 'separate') :css('border-spacing', '0') :attr('cellpadding', '0') if (args['nowrap'] and (args['nowrap'] == 'yes' or args['nowrap'] == 'y')) then tbl:css('white-space', 'nowrap') end if align == 'right' then tbl:css('float', 'right') if clear ~= 'none' and clear ~= 'no' and clear ~= 'n' then tbl:css('clear', 'right') end tbl:css('margin', '1em 0 1em 2em') elseif align == 'left' then tbl:css('float', 'left') if clear ~= 'none' and clear ~= 'no' and clear ~= 'n' then tbl:css('clear', 'left') end tbl:css('margin', '1em 2em 1em 0') elseif align == 'center' or align == 'centre' then tbl:css('margin', '1em auto') else tbl:css('margin', '1em 2em 1em 1em') end renderHeadings(tbl) renderTree(tbl) if (args['wide'] and (args['wide'] == 'y' or args['wide'] == 'yes')) then return '<div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto">' .. tostring(tbl) .. '</div>' .. tcats end return tostring(tbl) .. tcats end function p.teamBracket(frame) return p.main(frame) end return p 6byxukr10npxjgdaxe8eyenhoelh6fy 828 50774 305090 2026-08-13T11:32:35Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local TwitterSnowflake = require('Module:TwitterSnowflake') local err_msgs_t = { -- a sequence of snowflake date error messages; all must be terminated with a semicolon (;) ' <kbd>&#124;date=</kbd> / <kbd>&#124;number=</kbd> mismatch;', -- [1] ' <kbd>&#124;date=</kbd> required;', -- [2] ' Invalid <kbd>&#124;number=</kbd>;', -- [3] ' Missing or empty <kbd>&#124;number=</kbd>;', -- [4] ' Missing or empty <kbd>&#124;user=</kbd>;'... 305090 Scribunto text/plain local TwitterSnowflake = require('Module:TwitterSnowflake') local err_msgs_t = { -- a sequence of snowflake date error messages; all must be terminated with a semicolon (;) ' <kbd>&#124;date=</kbd> / <kbd>&#124;number=</kbd> mismatch;', -- [1] ' <kbd>&#124;date=</kbd> required;', -- [2] ' Invalid <kbd>&#124;number=</kbd>;', -- [3] ' Missing or empty <kbd>&#124;number=</kbd>;', -- [4] ' Missing or empty <kbd>&#124;user=</kbd>;' -- [5] } --[[--------------------------< S U P P R E S S _ U R L _ I N _ T I T L E >------------------------------------ This function searches for and suppresses urls in |title=, |script-title=, and |trans-title= parameters so that {{cite web}} won't emit 'External link in |title=' error messages when rendered In the redering, urls are correctly formed as they were in the original tweet. The function looks for valid schemes and then wraps them in <nowiki>..</nowiki> tags. ]] local function suppress_url_in_title (frame, title) local schemes = { -- schemes commonly found in tweets 'https://', 'http://', 'ftp://', } if title then -- when there is a title, suppress any urls with known schemes; abandon else for _, scheme in ipairs (schemes) do -- spin through the list of schemes looking for a match title = title:gsub (scheme, frame:callParserFunction ('#tag', {'nowiki', scheme})); -- replace the scheme with its nowiki'd form (a strip marker) end end return title; -- done; return <title> modified or not end --[[--------------------------< D A T E _ N U M B E R _ U R L _ G E T >---------------------------------------- extract |date= and |number= parameter values if present. Extract date from |number= and compare to |date=. contruct |url= for {{cite web}} from the base url and |number= and |user= returns nothing; adds date, number, url to <cite_args_t>; adds error message(s) to <errors_t>. ]] local function date_number_url_get (args_t, cite_args_t, errors_t) local err_msg_index; cite_args_t.url = 'https://x.com/'; -- initialize with minimal base url because {{cite web}} requires |url= if not args_t.user then table.insert (errors_t, err_msgs_t[5]); -- error: missing or empty |user= end if not args_t.date and not args_t.number then err_msg_index = 4; -- error: missing or empty |number= elseif tonumber (args_t.number) then -- |number= without |date=? use number if tonumber(args_t.number) then cite_args_t.date = args_t.date or (args_t.number and TwitterSnowflake.snowflakeToDate{ args = {id_str = args_t.number} }); -- prefer |date=; extract date from |number= else else cite_args_t.date = args_t.date; -- |number= appears to be invalid; use |date= if provided end cite_args_t.number = args_t.number; -- use |number= valid or not if args_t.user then -- |number= appears to have a valid value; if |user= has a value local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage(); local good, test_date = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'Ymd', cite_args_t.date); if good then if 20240517 > tonumber (test_date) then -- the switch to x.com was completed 2024-05-17 cite_args_t.url = 'https://twitter.com/'; end if 20230723 > tonumber (test_date) then -- rebranded to x on 2023-07-23 cite_args_t.via = args_t.link == 'no' and 'Twitter' or '[[Twitter]]'; else cite_args_t.via = args_t.link == 'no' and 'X (formerly Twitter)' or '[[X (formerly Twitter)]]'; end end cite_args_t.url = cite_args_t.url .. args_t.user .. '/status/' .. args_t.number; -- construct |url= for {{cite web}} end elseif args_t.number then -- |number= with a value that can't be converted to a number; invalid err_msg_index = 3; -- error: invalid number (couldn't convert to number) elseif not args_t.number then -- |date= without |number= use date cite_args_t.date = args_t.date; -- |date= has a value, use it err_msg_index = 4; -- error: missing or empty |number= end if err_msg_index then table.insert (errors_t, err_msgs_t[err_msg_index]); -- invalid number or missing necessary parameters so abandon return; end err_msg_index = TwitterSnowflake.datecheck ({ args = { -- returns error message index number on error; nil else id_str = args_t.number or '', date = args_t.date or '', error1 = 1, -- these numbers are indexes into <err_msgs_t> to override snowflake default error messages error2 = 2, -- done this way to avoid long string comparison looking for error3 = 3 -- the undated-pre-twitter-epoch-post message }}); if 2 == err_msg_index then -- when no date and posted before twitter epoch cite_args_t.date = nil; -- suppress default date because {{cite tweet}} should not claim in its own voice that the undated post was posted 2010-11-04 end table.insert (errors_t, err_msgs_t[err_msg_index]); -- add error message end --[[--------------------------< M A I N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- construct parameter set for {{cite web}} from {{cite tweet}} parameters; do some error checking ]] local function main (frame) local args_t = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame); local cite_args_t = { title = suppress_url_in_title (frame, args_t.title), ['script-title'] = suppress_url_in_title (frame, args_t['script-title']), ['trans-title'] = suppress_url_in_title (frame, args_t['trans-title']), language = args_t.language, last1 = args_t.last1 or args_t.last, first1 = args_t.first1 or args_t.first, author1 = args_t.author1 or args_t.author, ['author-link'] = args_t['author-link'] or args_t.authorlink, others = args_t.retweet and ('Retweeted by ' .. args_t.retweet), type = args_t.link == 'no' and 'Tweet' or '[[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]]', location = args_t.location, -- why |location=? tweets are online; there is no publication place ['access-date'] = args_t['access-date'] or args_t.accessdate, ['archive-date'] = args_t['archive-date'] or args_t.archivedate, ['archive-url'] = args_t['archive-url'] or args_t.archiveurl, ['url-status'] = args_t['url-status'], ['url-access'] = args_t['url-access'], quote = args_t.quote, ref = args_t.ref, df = args_t.df, mode = args_t.mode } local errors_t = {'<span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"> <kbd>{{[[Template:Cite tweet|Cite tweet]]}}</kbd>:'}; -- initialize sequence of error messages with style tag date_number_url_get (args_t, cite_args_t, errors_t); -- add |date=, |number=, |url= to <cite_args_t> local author = ((cite_args_t.last1 and cite_args_t.first1) and cite_args_t.last1 .. ', ' .. cite_args_t.first1) or -- concatenate |last= with |first= for |author-mask= (cite_args_t.last1 and cite_args_t.last1) or -- only |last= for |author-mask= (cite_args_t.author1 and cite_args_t.author1:gsub('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1')); -- |author= or |author1= stripped of accept-as-written markup for |author-mask= if author and args_t.user then cite_args_t['author-mask'] = author .. ' [@' .. (args_t.user or '') .. ']' -- concatenate <author> and |user= into |author-mask= elseif args_t.user then cite_args_t.author1 = '((' .. args_t.user .. '))'; -- just the user name for cs1|2 metadata cite_args_t['author-mask'] = '@' .. args_t.user; -- make a mask for display else -- here when neither <author> nor |user= cite_args_t.author1 = nil; -- so unset end local rendering = require ('Module:Citation/CS1')._citation (nil, cite_args_t, {CitationClass = 'web'}); ---------- error messaging ---------- if errors_t[2] then -- errors_t[2] nil when no errors if rendering:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then -- rendered {{cite web}} with errors will have this string errors_t[1] = errors_t[1]:gsub ('> <', '>; <'); -- insert semicolon to terminate cs1|2 error message string end errors_t[#errors_t] = errors_t[#errors_t]:gsub (';$',' ([[Template:Cite_tweet#Error_detection|help]])'); -- replace trailing semicolon with help link table.insert (errors_t, '</span>'); -- close style span tag if mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespace (0) then -- mainspace only table.insert (errors_t, '[[Category:Cite tweet templates with errors]]'); -- add error category end rendering = rendering .. table.concat (errors_t); -- append error messaging, help links and catagories end return rendering; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { main = main, -- entry points; {{#invoke:cite tweet|main|...}} is preferred [''] = main, -- but {{#invoke:cite tweet||...}} is also acceptable } ta5t21jgn7hypav1bwn6tqln3ap0f3b 10 50775 305091 2026-08-13T11:34:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke: Exist not redirect | main}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rt8cy9xf86g72mhhsg9c9is1bx2o0ck 828 50776 305093 2026-08-13T11:34:30Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local p = {} function p.main(args) local myArgs = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args local myPageName = myArgs[1] local forceFileOnly = myArgs.forcefile -- force File: namespace check only if not myPageName or myPageName == "" then return "" end local myPageTitle = mw.title.makeTitle("", myPageName) if not myPageTitle then error("Invalid page title passed, MediaWiki cannot understand it", 1) end if myPageTitle.exists or not forceFileOnly and myPageTitle.fil... 305093 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(args) local myArgs = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args local myPageName = myArgs[1] local forceFileOnly = myArgs.forcefile -- force File: namespace check only if not myPageName or myPageName == "" then return "" end local myPageTitle = mw.title.makeTitle("", myPageName) if not myPageTitle then error("Invalid page title passed, MediaWiki cannot understand it", 1) end if myPageTitle.exists or not forceFileOnly and myPageTitle.file and myPageTitle.file.exists then if not myPageTitle.isRedirect then return myArgs[1] end end return "" end return p t3imtmm5pptmvqd25qjdlrnix1vej8l 10 50777 305095 2026-08-13T11:35:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305095 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst<noinclude />:#invoke:Date table sorting|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> kofvcjw2e55iuo6wc62fxixsd7n64wz 828 50778 305098 2026-08-13T11:38:37Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local MessageBox = require('Module:Message box') local p = {} local function singleText(args) local from_oldid = args["from_oldid"] or args["from_oldid1"] or "" local from = args["from"] or args["from1"] or "" local to = args["to"] or args["to1"] or "" local date = args["date"] or args["date1"] or "" local afd = args["afd"] or args["afd1"] or "" local merge = args["merge"] or args["merge1"] or "" local mergedFrom = args["mergedFrom"] or "" local text if (mergedFrom ==... 305098 Scribunto text/plain local MessageBox = require('Module:Message box') local p = {} local function singleText(args) local from_oldid = args["from_oldid"] or args["from_oldid1"] or "" local from = args["from"] or args["from1"] or "" local to = args["to"] or args["to1"] or "" local date = args["date"] or args["date1"] or "" local afd = args["afd"] or args["afd1"] or "" local merge = args["merge"] or args["merge1"] or "" local mergedFrom = args["mergedFrom"] or "" local text if (mergedFrom == 'yes') then text = "The content of" else text = "Text or other creative content from" end if not (from_oldid == "") then text = string.format("%s [%s this version] of", text, tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {oldid=from_oldid} ))) end if from then text = string.format("%s <span class='plainlinks'>[%s %s]</span>",text, tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {redirect="no"} )), from) else text = text .. '[[]]' end if (merge == "yes") or (mergedFrom == "yes") or not (afd == "") then text = text .. " was [[Wikipedia:Merging|merged]] into" else text = text .. " was copied or moved into" end if (to == "") then -- If no target given assume current page is the target to = ":" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subjectPageTitle.fullText end text = string.format("%s [[%s]]", text, to) local diff = args["diff"] or args["diff1"] local to_diff = args["to_diff"] or args["to_diff1"] local to_oldid = args["to_oldid"] or args["to_oldid1"] if (diff) then text = string.format("%s with [%s this edit]",text,diff) elseif (to_oldid or to_diff) then text = string.format("%s with [%s this edit]",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(to, {diff=to_diff or "next", oldid = to_oldid or "prev"} ))) end if not (date == "") then text = string.format("%s on %s",text,date) end if not (afd == "") then if (mw.ustring.match(afd, "Wikipedia:", 1 )) then --If no venue is given add AfD prefix text = string.format("%s after being [[%s|nominated for deletion]]",text,afd) else text = string.format("%s after being [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/%s|nominated for deletion]]",text,afd) end end text = text .. "." -- Finish first sentence text = string.format("%s The former page's [%s history] now serves to [[WP:Copying within Wikipedia|provide attribution]] for that content in the latter page, and it must not be deleted as long as the latter page exists.",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from,{action="history"}) or "")) if (args["talk"] == 'yes' or (mergedFrom == 'yes' and args["talk"] ~= 'no')) then local fromPage = mw.title.new(from) local fromTalk = fromPage and fromPage.talkPageTitle.fullText or "Talk:" .. from text = string.format("%s For the discussion at that location, see its [[%s|talk page]].", text, fromTalk) end return text end local function row(args, i) local text = "" local afd = args["afd" .. i] if (afd or args["merge" .. i] or args["mergedFrom"]) then text = string.format("%s\n*Merged",text) else text = string.format("%s\n*Copied",text) end local from = args["from" .. i] or "" text = string.format("%s [%s %s] (",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {redirect = "no"} )),from) local from_oldid = args["from_oldid" .. i] if (from_oldid) then text = string.format("%s[%s oldid], ",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {oldid = from_oldid} ))) end local talk = args["talk".. i] or "" if (talk == "yes" or (args["mergedFrom"] == 'yes' and talk ~= "no")) then local fromPage = mw.title.new(from) local fromTalk = fromPage and fromPage.talkPageTitle.fullText or "Talk:" .. from text = string.format("%s[[%s|talk]], ", text, fromTalk) end local to = args["to".. i] or "" if (to == "") then -- If no target given assume current page is the target to = ":" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subjectPageTitle.fullText end text = string.format("%s[%s history]) → [[%s]]",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {action = "history"} )), to) local diff = args["diff" .. i] if (diff) then text = string.format("%s ([%s diff])",text,diff) elseif (args["to_oldid" .. i] or args["to_diff".. i]) then local to_diff = args["to_diff".. i] or "next" local to_oldid = args["to_oldid" .. i] or "prev" text = string.format("%s ([%s diff])",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(to, {diff=to_diff, oldid = to_oldid} ))) end local date = args["date" .. i] if (date) then text = string.format("%s on %s",text,date) end if (afd) then if (mw.ustring.match(afd, "Wikipedia:", 1 )) then --If no venue is given add AfD prefix text = string.format("%s after being [[%s|nominated for deletion]]",text,afd) else text = string.format("%s after being [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/%s|nominated for deletion]]",text,afd) end end if (not (args["to_oldid" .. i] or args["to_diff".. i])) then if (args["mergedFrom"] == 'yes') then text = string.format("%s[[Category:Wikipedia pages using merged-from template without oldid]]",text) else text = string.format("%s[[Category:Wikipedia pages using copied template without oldid]]",text) end end return text end local function list(args) local text = "" local from1 = args["from1"] if (from1) then --Support from1 and from in case of multiple rows text = string.format("%s%s",text,row(args, 1)) else text = string.format("%s%s",text,row(args, "")) end local i = 2 while (args["from" .. i]) do text = string.format("%s%s",text,row(args, i)) i = i + 1 --Check if from(i+1) exists end return text end local function multiText(args) local pageType if (mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespace(1)) then pageType = "article" else pageType = "page" end local historyList = list(args) if (args["collapse"] == 'yes') then local collapsedText if (args["mergedFrom"] == 'yes') then collapsedText = '<table style="width:100%%; background: transparent; color: inherit;" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">\n<tr><th>Merged pages:</th></tr>\n<tr><td> %s </td></tr></table>' else collapsedText = '<table style="width:100%%; background: transparent; color: inherit;" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">\n<tr><th>Copied pages:</th></tr>\n<tr><td> %s </td></tr></table>' end historyList = string.format(collapsedText, historyList) end local mergedFrom local copies if (args["mergedFrom"]) then mergedFrom = "merged into" copies = "this page" else mergedFrom = "copied to or from" copies = "the copies" end local text = "Text has been %s this %s; see the list below. The source pages now serve to [[WP:Copying within Wikipedia|provide attribution]] for the content in the destination pages and must not be deleted as long as %s exist. For attribution and to access older versions of the copied text, please see the history links below. %s" text = string.format(text, mergedFrom, pageType, copies, historyList) return text end local function categories(args,multiUsed) local to_oldid = args["to_oldid"] or args["to_diff"] or args["diff"] or args["to_oldid1"] or args["to_diff1"] or args["diff1"] local from_oldid = args["from_oldid"] or args["from_oldid1"] local text = "[[Category:Wikipedia pages using copied template]]" if ((not from_oldid) or (not to_oldid)) and not multiUsed then if (args["mergedFrom"] == 'yes') then text = text .. "[[Category:Wikipedia pages using merged-from template without oldid]]" else text = text .. "[[Category:Wikipedia pages using copied template without oldid]]" end end return text end local function BannerText(args) --Checks if there are multiple rows local text local from2 = args["from2"] if (from2) then text = multiText(args) .. categories(args,true) else text = singleText(args) .. categories(args,false) end return text end local function renderBanner(args) local image if args.mergedFrom then image = '[[File:Mergefrom.svg|frameless|50px|link=|alt=]]' else image = '[[File:Splitsection.svg|frameless|50px|link=|alt=]]' end return MessageBox.main('tmbox', { class = "copiednotice", small = args["small"], image = image, text = BannerText(args) }) end function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) return renderBanner(args) end return p 6152jf8pc7ovql6six6wvwupnimno2i 10 50779 305099 2026-08-13T11:39:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:wd|label|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> amexwmd1nyta3hrwocopza0w6hwya55 10 50780 305100 2026-08-13T11:40:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 305100 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><!-- Fadlan ha ku darin qaab-dhismeed sharraxaad gaaban halkan haddii aadan hubin karin inaysan dhaafi doonin sharraxaadda gaaban ee sanduuqa macluumaadka sida kan [[Ski Alpine ee Olombikada Jiilaalka 2002]]. --></noinclude><includeonly>{{#invoke:Sidebar games events|sidebar}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> eb4uhn62eq129wxso28n8jj1vqrtauk 828 50781 305101 2026-08-13T11:40:57Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- -- This module implements {{Sidebar games events}} -- This module was created using code taken directly from [[Module:Sidebar]] -- require('strict') local p = {} local DEFAULT_IMAGE_SIZE = 50 local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local tracking, preview = {}, {} local function delink_image(image) if image and image:match('pictogram') and image:match('%.svg') then return ' ' -- Note an empty space will remove the link in the wikitext end end local funct... 305101 Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements {{Sidebar games events}} -- This module was created using code taken directly from [[Module:Sidebar]] -- require('strict') local p = {} local DEFAULT_IMAGE_SIZE = 50 local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local tracking, preview = {}, {} local function delink_image(image) if image and image:match('pictogram') and image:match('%.svg') then return ' ' -- Note an empty space will remove the link in the wikitext end end local function checkargs(args) for k, v in pairs(args) do if v ~= '' then if k and type(k) == 'string' then if k == 'event' or k == 'games' or k == 'name' or k =='caption' or k =='above' or k == 'title' or k == 'alignresults' or k == 'alignevents' or k == 'width' or k == 'maxwidth' or k == 'float' or k == 'below' or k == 'prev' or k == 'next' then -- valid elseif k:match('^title%d+$') or k:match('^event%d+$') or k:match('^image%d*$') or k:match('^image%d*_size$') or k:match('^type%d+[a-e]$') or k:match('^event%d+%.%d+$') or k:match('^results%d+%.%d+[a-e]?$') or k:match('^border%d+%.%d+$') then -- valid elseif k == 'categories' or k == 'nocat' or k == 'demo' then -- valid for doc page else -- invalid local vlen = mw.ustring.len(k) k = mw.ustring.sub(k, 1, (vlen < 25) and vlen or 25) k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '[^%w%-_ ]', '?') table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using sidebar games events with unknown parameters|' .. k .. ']]') table.insert(preview, '"' .. k .. '"') end end end end end function p.sidebar(frame, args) if not args then args = getArgs(frame) end local root = mw.html.create() root = root :tag('table') :addClass('sidebar-games-events') :addClass(args.float == 'left' and 'sidebar-games-events-left' or nil) :addClass(args.float == 'none' and 'sidebar-games-events-none' or nil) :addClass('sidebar') :addClass('nomobile') :css('width', args.width or nil) :css('max-width', args.maxwidth or nil) -- enumerate the rows and count the columns local cols = 1 local colindex = {a = '2', b = '3', c = '4', d = '5', e = '6'} local lets = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'} local rowNums = {} local subevents = 0 local hasevents = false for k, v in pairs(args) do k = '' .. k -- find rows local num = k:match('^event(%d+)$') or k:match('^image(%d+)$') or k:match('^title(%d+)$') or k:match('^type(%d+)[a-e]$') or k:match('^event(%d+)%.%d+$') or k:match('^results(%d+)%.%d+[a-e]?$') if num then table.insert(rowNums, tonumber(num)) end -- find number of columns if k:match('^results%d+%.(%d+)$') then cols = (2 > cols) and 2 or cols end -- find number of columns based on let(s) local let = k:match('^results%d+%.%d+([a-e])$') or k:match('^type%d+([a-e])$') if let and colindex[let] then local n = tonumber(colindex[let]) cols = (n > cols) and n or cols end -- find subevents local subnum = k:match('^results%d+%.(%d+)[a-e]?$') or k:match('^event%d+%.(%d+)$') if subnum then subnum = tonumber(subnum) subevents = (subnum > subevents) and subnum or subevents end -- identify events (that match looks awfully similar to subevents) if k:match('^(event%d+%.%d+)$') then hasevents = true end end -- remove duplicates from the list (e.g. 3 will be duplicated if both event3 and image3 are specified) table.sort(rowNums) for i = #rowNums, 1, -1 do if rowNums[i] == rowNums[i - 1] then table.remove(rowNums, i) end end -- alignment local alignevents = nil if args.alignevents and args.alignevents == 'right' then alignevents = 'event-r' end local alignresults = nil if args.alignresults and args.alignresults == 'right' then alignresults = 'result-r' elseif args.alignresults and args.alignresults == 'left' then alignresults = 'result-l' end -- add the top level header if args.event or args.title then local t = args.event if args.title then t = args.title elseif args.games then t = '[[' .. args.event .. ' at the ' .. args.games .. '|' .. args.event .. ']]' .. ' at the<br>' .. '[[' .. args.games .. ']]' end local cell = root:tag('tr'):tag('th') cell :addClass('sidebar-games-events-title') :attr('colspan', cols) cell:wikitext(t) end if args.image then local imageCell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td') imageCell :addClass('sidebar-games-events-image') :attr('colspan', cols) :wikitext(require('Module:InfoboxImage').InfoboxImage{args = { image = args.image, size = (args.image_size or DEFAULT_IMAGE_SIZE), link = delink_image(args.image) }}) if args.caption then imageCell :tag('div') :addClass('sidebar-games-events-caption') :wikitext(args.caption) end end if args.above then local cell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td') cell:attr('colspan', cols) :wikitext(args.above) end -- start adding rows for i, num in ipairs(rowNums) do local heading = nil local event = args['event' .. num] local image = require('Module:InfoboxImage').InfoboxImage{args = { image = args['image' .. num], size = (args['image'..num..'_size'] or DEFAULT_IMAGE_SIZE), link = delink_image(args['image' .. num]) }} local title = args['title' .. num] if title then root:tag('tr') :tag('th') :addClass('event-title') :attr('colspan', cols) :wikitext(title) end if event and image then heading = event .. '<br>' .. image elseif event then heading = event elseif image then heading = image end if heading and heading ~= '' then root :tag('tr') :tag('th') :addClass('sidebar-games-events-heading') :attr('colspan', cols) :wikitext(heading) end local showtypes = false for j, let in ipairs(lets) do if j < cols then if args['type' .. num .. let] then showtypes = true end end end if showtypes == true then local row = root:tag('tr') row:tag('th'):addClass((hasevents == false) and 'no-event' or nil) for j, let in ipairs(lets) do if j < cols then local t = args['type' .. num .. let] local cell = row:tag('th') if t then cell :addClass('type-let') :css('width', (cols > 2) and tostring(math.floor(100/(cols-1))) .. '%' or nil) :wikitext(t) end end end end for k=1,subevents do local hasresults = false if args['results' .. num .. '.' .. k] then hasresults = true else for j, let in ipairs(lets) do if j < cols then if args['results' .. num .. '.' .. k .. let] then hasresults = true end end end end if hasresults then local row = root:tag('tr') local cell = row:tag('th'):addClass((hasevents == false) and 'no-event' or nil) local t = args['event' .. num .. '.' .. k] local border = args['border' .. num .. '.' .. k] and 'erl-border' or nil if t then cell :addClass('event') :addClass(alignevents) :addClass(border) :wikitext(t) end if args['results' .. num .. '.' .. k] then row:tag('td') :addClass(border) :addClass(alignresults) :attr('colspan', cols - 1) :wikitext(args['results' .. num .. '.' .. k]) else for j, let in ipairs(lets) do if j < cols then t = args['results' .. num .. '.' .. k .. let] row:tag('td') :addClass(border) :addClass(alignresults) :wikitext(t) end end end end end end if args.below then root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass(args.belowclass) :attr('colspan', cols) :cssText(args.belowstyle) :wikitext(args.below) end if args.prev or args.next then local row = root:tag('tr'):tag('td') :addClass('sidebar-games-events-prevnext') :attr('colspan', cols) :tag('div') row:tag('div') :addClass('sidebar-games-events-prev') :wikitext(args.prev) row:tag('div') :addClass('sidebar-games-events-next') :wikitext(args.next) end if args.navbar ~= 'none' and args.navbar ~= 'off' and (args.name or frame:getParent():getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '') ~= 'Template:Sidebar games events') then root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass('sidebar-games-events-navbar') :attr('colspan', cols) :wikitext(require('Module:Navbar')._navbar{ args.name, mini = 1, fontstyle = args.navbarfontstyle }) end if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 10 and (args.name ~= mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) and not (mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text:match('Sidebar games events')) then root:wikitext("[[Category:Templates using sidebar games events without correct name]]") end checkargs(args) local trackstr = (#tracking > 0) and table.concat(tracking, '') or '' if #preview > 0 then trackstr = require('Module:If preview')._warning({ 'Unknown parameters ' .. table.concat(preview, '; ') .. '.' }) .. trackstr end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Sidebar games events/styles.css' } } .. tostring(root) .. trackstr end return p e5e7riznuo4db9ud6tf34nq75x48w2p 828 50782 305102 2026-08-13T11:41:46Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: .sidebar-games-events { /* @noflip */ float: right; /* @noflip */ clear: right; /* @noflip */ margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f8f9fa; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.2em; border-spacing: 0.4em 0; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 88%; /* Timeless has display: none on .nomobile at mobile resolutions, so we * unhide it with display: table and let precedence and proximity win. */ display: table; } /*... 305102 sanitized-css text/css .sidebar-games-events { /* @noflip */ float: right; /* @noflip */ clear: right; /* @noflip */ margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f8f9fa; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.2em; border-spacing: 0.4em 0; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 88%; /* Timeless has display: none on .nomobile at mobile resolutions, so we * unhide it with display: table and let precedence and proximity win. */ display: table; } /* have to override later sidebar use */ .sidebar-games-events.sidebar { width: auto; /* differs from sidebar */ max-width: 25em; /* differs from sidebar */ } /* See comment in [[Module:Sidebar/styles.css]] */ body.skin-minerva .sidebar-games-events { display: table !important; /* also, minerva is way too aggressive about other stylings on tables. * TODO remove when this template gets moved to a div. plans on talk page. * We always float right on Minerva because that's a lot of extra CSS * otherwise. */ float: right !important; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em !important; } .sidebar-games-events a { white-space: nowrap; } /* have to override later sidebar use */ .sidebar-games-events-left.sidebar { /* @noflip */ margin: 0 1em 1em 0; /* @noflip */ float: left; /* @noflip */ clear: left; } /* have to override later sidebar use */ .sidebar-games-events-none.sidebar { /* @noflip */ margin: 0 1em 1em 0; float: none; clear: both; } .sidebar-games-events-image { padding: 0 0 0.2em; background: #cedff2; color:var(--color-base-fixed,#202122); } .sidebar-games-events-caption { padding-top: 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em; } .sidebar-games-events-title { padding: 0.2em 0.4em; font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.5em; background: #cedff2; color:var(--color-base,#202122); } .sidebar-games-events-ir-cont { display: table; width: 100%; } .sidebar-games-events-ir-title { display: table-cell; width: 95%; } .sidebar-games-events-ir { display: table-cell; width: 5%; } .sidebar-games-events .event-title { padding: 0.1em; background: #99badd; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border-top: 1px solid #f5faff } .sidebar-games-events-heading { padding: 0.1em; background: #deeaf6; color:var(--color-base,#202122); border-top: 1px solid #f5faff; } .sidebar-games-events .no-event { display: none; } .sidebar-games-events .type-let { font-weight: normal; border-top: 1px solid #f5faff; background: #deeaf6; color:var(--color-base,#202122); } .sidebar-games-events .event { text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 0.1em 0.4em 0.2em 0.1em; font-weight: normal } .sidebar-games-events .event-r { text-align: right; } .sidebar-games-events .erl-border { border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; } .sidebar-games-events .result-r { text-align: right; padding-right: 1.5em; } .sidebar-games-events .result-l { text-align: left; } .sidebar-games-events-prevnext { border-top: solid 1px #deeaf6; } .sidebar-games-events-prev { float: left; text-align: left; padding-right: 0.5em; } .sidebar-games-events-next { float: right; text-align: right; padding-left: 0.5em; } .sidebar-games-events-prev::before { content: "←\00a0"; /* nbsp */ } .sidebar-games-events-next::after { content: "\00a0→"; /* nbsp */ } .sidebar-games-events-navbar { text-align: right; font-size: 115%; padding-top: 0; border-top: solid 1px #deeaf6; } @media (max-width: 720px) { /* users have wide latitude to set arbitrary width and margin :( "Super-specific" selector to prevent overriding this appearance by lower level sidebars too */ body.mediawiki .sidebar { width: 100% !important; clear: both; float: none !important; /* Remove when we div based; Minerva is dumb */ margin-left: 0 !important; margin-right: 0 !important; } /* TODO: We might consider making all links wrap at small resolutions and then * only introduce nowrap at higher resolutions. Do when we invert the media * query. */ } @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .sidebar-games-events { background: black; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .sidebar-games-events-heading, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .sidebar-games-events-title { color: black; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .sidebar-games-events { background: black; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .sidebar-games-events-heading, html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .sidebar-games-events-title { color: black; } } 85hjsmjd5ukil5c0xh5fovo5zj0270e