Ciise

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    <title>Ciise</title>
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      <text bytes="4256" sha1="8i2u7ibe96jqx0bkrhpuaw8cio03mab" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]]
[[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]]
Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka.

Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan.

Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan.

Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay..
[[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]]

=== Diinta Islaamka ===
[[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''.

Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis.

Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle.

Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''.

=== Diinta Masiixiyada ===
[[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo.

Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay.

Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed.

Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==

* [[Kitaabka quduska]]
* [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]
* [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Injiil</title>
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      <text bytes="9156" sha1="djignehxjtqntedsgna8zzvsy6tg3tw" xml:space="preserve">'''Injiilka''' waa afarta buug ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub, kuwaas oo ka warrama nolosha, waxbaridda, dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Waxay yihiin qoraallada aasaasiga ah ee ka marag kaca nolosha iyo adeegga Ciise Masiix, waxaana kala qoray Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa.

==Aragtida Masiixiyiinta==
'''Injiil''' '''[[Kitaabka Injiil]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: bible; [[carabi]]: ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; &quot;kitaabu ciisah&quot;) waa [[kitaab]] [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]] (c.s).
Erayga '''Injiil''' macnihiisu waa ''war wanaagsan'' ama ''bishaaro''. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub oo kala ah [[Mateeyos]], [[Maarkos]], [[Luuqa]], iyo [[Yooxannaa]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_400_VIDEO Introduction to Matthew]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_410_VIDEO Introduction to Mark]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_420_VIDEO Introduction to Luke]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_430_VIDEO Introduction to John]&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Aragtida Islaamka==
{{Islaam}}
=== Jadwalka Nabiyada iyo Rusuusha Kutubta lagu soo dejiyay ===

Sida ku cad [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee [[Alle]] u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}} waxaa jira [[tiro]] badan&lt;ref&gt;[[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee [[Alle]] u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo [[nabi]]yo iyo [[rasuul]] ah oo [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) ku soo dejiyay [[kitaab|kutub]].&lt;Ref&gt;[[nabi]]yo iyo [[rasuul]] ah oo [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) ku soo dejiyay [[kitaab|kutub]]&lt;/ref&gt; Kuwaasi waxaa ugu horeeyay [[Nabi Ibraahim]] oo Alle u soo diray qoraalada [[Suxufi Ibraahim]], waxaana ugu dambeeyay [[kitaab]]ka [[Al-Furqaan]] ee Alle u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Nabi Ibraahim]] oo Alle u soo diray qoraalada [[Suxufi Ibraahim]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
Intaasi marka laga yimaado waxaa jira tiro kale oo nebiyo iyo rasuul ah oo Rabbi u soo diray kutub, laakiin inagu aqoon uma lihin kuwaasi, waxaana tusaale inoo ah: [[Nebi Ismaaciil]], [[Nebi Yacquub]] iyo [[Nebi Yoonis]] oo dhamaantood leh kutub aynaan cilmi u lahayn.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Nebi Ismaaciil]], [[Nebi Yacquub]] iyo [[Nebi Yoonis]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Isku soo wada duuboo, kutubta ku xusan kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah waa [[afar]] [[kitaab]] iyo labo [[suxufi]] kuwaasi oo kala ah:

{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Nabiyada iyo Rusuusha Lagu soo Dejiyay Kitaab&lt;br /&gt;(ﮐﺘﺏ الأنبیاء والرسل)
!Magaca 
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Magaca&lt;br /&gt;[[carabi|Af-Carabi]]
!Kitaabka
!Suxufi
!Sharaxaad Kooban
|-
| '''[[Nebi Muxamed]]'''{{SCW}} || ﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ || [[Kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Al-Furqaan]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;(ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ) || - ||
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]] intii u dhexaysay [[sanad|sanadkii 609 C.D ilaa 632 C.D]]
* Waxyigu wuxuu socday [[23|23 sanno]] gudahood.
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada [[Carabi]]ga ah.
* Waxa loo qeybiyaa [[Makki]] iyo [[Madani]].
* Ka kooban yahay [[114 Suuradood]]
* Saldhiga iyo xuddunta [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka.
|-
| '''[[Nebi Ciise]]''' || ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ || [[Kitaab]]ka [[Injiil]]&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Masiixiyad]]&quot; || - || 
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]].
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada reer [[Yuhuuda|bani Israa'iil]], iyo luuqada [[ingiriis]]ka.
* Wuxuu aasaas u yahay [[diin]]ta [[Masiixi]]ga.
|-
| '''[[Nebi Muuse]]''' || ﻧﺒﻲﻣﻮﺳﻰ || [[Kitaab]]ka [[Towraad]]&lt;br /&gt;(ﺗﻮﺭﺍﺓ) || Suxufi Muusa ||
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muuse]].
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada reer [[Yuhuuda|bani Israa'iil]], iyo farta [[Hebrew]]ga.
* Wuxuu aasaas u yahay [[diin]]ta [[Yuhuud]]a ama [[Hebrew]]ga.
|-
| '''[[Nebi Daa'uud]]''' || ﻧﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ || [[Kitaab]]ka [[Sabuur]]&lt;br /&gt;(ﺯﺑﻮﺭ) || - ||
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Daa'uud]].
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada reer [[Yuhuuda|bani Israa'iil]], iyo farta [[Hebrew]]ga.
* Wuxuu aasaas u yahay [[diin]]ta [[Yuhuud]]a ama [[Hebrew]]ga.
|-
| '''[[Nebi Ibraahim]]''' || ﻧﺒﻲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ || - || [[Suxufi Ibraahim]] ||
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ibraahim]].
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada reer [[Yuhuuda|bani Israa'iil]], iyo farta [[Hebrew]]ga.
|}
=== Kutubta Ku Xusan Quraanka ===
[[Kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee saldhiga u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, waxaa [[suurad]]o badan iyo [[aayad]]o badan lagu xusay kitaabka Zabuur ee Nabi Daa'uud.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Quraan]]ka ah ee saldhiga u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isku soo wada duuboo kutubta [[Alle]] (s.w) ku soo dejiyay [[Nabi|Anbiyada]] iyo [[Rasuul|Rusuusha]] waa [[4|afar kitaab]] iyo dhowr [[suxufi]]. 
Sida ku cad kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ee aasaaska u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, [[Ilaahay]] sareeye wuxuu soo dejiyay [[4|afar Kitaab]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[[Quraan]]ka kariimka ee aasaaska u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, [[Ilaahay]] sareeye wuxuu soo dejiyay [[4|afar Kitaab]] oo la kala siiyay afar [[Rasuul]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; oo la kala siiyay afar [[Rasuul]].
Kutubtaasi waxay kala yihiin:
* Kitaabka &quot;[[Al-Furqaan]]&quot; ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}
* Kitaabka &quot;[[Injiil]]&quot; ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]]
* Kitaabka &quot;[[Towraad]]&quot; ee loo soo diray [[Nebi Muuse]], iyo
* Kitaabka &quot;[[Sabuur]]&quot; ee [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dajiyey [[Nebi Daa'uud]].&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;*Kitaabka &quot;[[Al-Furqaan]]&quot; ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kitaabka &quot;[[Injiil]]&quot; ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kitaabka &quot;[[Towraad]]&quot; ee loo soo diray [[Nebi Muuse]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kitaabka &quot;[[Sabuur]]&quot; ee [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dajiyey [[Nebi Daa'uud]]&lt;/ref&gt;
Intaasi waxaa soo raaca dhowr suxufi oo lagu soo kala dejiyay [[Nebi|anbiyo]] iyo [[Rasuul|Rusul]], waxaana ka mid ah:
* [[Suxufta Ibraahim]] oo lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ibraahim]].

MIYAANAY KITAABKA QUDUUSKA AH LAGU CARABIN?

Ilaaha Qaadirka ah sinaba uma oggolaan karin waxaas oo kale.

Qur'aanku wuxuu ku dhawaaqay: &quot;Qofna ma beddeli karo qaynuunnada Eebbe.&quot; - Suuradda 6, Al -Ancaam (Lo'da), aayadda 34.

Kitaabka Quduuska ah wuxuu ku dhawaaqayaa mid la mid ah sida soo socota: “Cawska qoyan waa engegay, ubaxuna waa engegay; laakiinse erayga Ilaaheennu weligiisba wuu waari doonaa. ”- Ishacyaah 40: 8. Qaar baa isku dayay inay Erayga Ilaahay been ka sheegaan, laakiin kuma ay guulaysan. Tusaale ahaan, warqaddii kowaad ee Yooxanaa, 1Jo cutubka 5, aayadda 7, ereyada soo socda ayaa mar keliya lagu daray: &quot;Jannada dhexdeeda, Aabbaha, Ereyga, iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah: saddexdaasna waa mid.&quot; Erayadani kama muuqdaan mid ka mid ah qoraaladii hore ee Baybalka laakiin mar dambe ayaa lagu daray si loo taageero caqiidada Saddexmidnimada ee beenta ah. Culimadu, waxay og yihiin in ereyada noocaas ahi ay yihiin kuwo been abuur ah, oo tarjumaadaha Kitaabka Casriga ah ay meesha ka saarayaan. Qoraalo badan oo Kitaabka Quduuska ah oo afar ama shan qarni ka weyn Qurʼān ayaa maanta lagu arki karaa matxafyada. Marka Kitaabka Quduuska ah ee maanta la barbardhigo qoraalladii hore, waxaa caddaanaysa in qoraalka aan maanta haysanno uu la mid yahay kii Ilaah u waxyooday addoommadiisii ​​hore inay qoraan. Isbarbar dhig suuradda 10, Yunis (Yoonis), aayadda 94: &quot;Haddaad ka shakiso waxaan kuu waxyoonay waydii kuwa akhriyey Kitaabka hortaada.&quot;

Waxaa cad inuu Ilaahay Qorninkiisa Quduuska ah daafacay sidaynu maanta Eraygiisa daahirka ah u akhrisanno. Ilaaha Qaadirka ah buuggiisa quduuska ah wuu ilaalin karaa. Eraygiisa waxaa ku qoran: “Cawsku wuu engegaa, ubaxuna wuu dhacaa, laakiinse erayga Ilaaheennu weligiisba wuu waari doonaa.”—Ishacyaah 40:8.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Ilaahay Eraygiisa wuu ilaaliyaa]&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Qoraalo La Mid Ah ===
* [[Diin]]
** [[Islaam]]
** [[Masiixiyad]]
** [[Yuhuud|Diinta Yuhuuda]]
** [[Nebi Ibraahim|Diimaha Abrahamiga]]
* [[Kitaab]]
** [[Qu'raan]]
** [[Al-Furqaan]]
** [[Towrah]]
** [[Injiil]]
** [[Sabuur]]
** [[Saxafi Ibraahim]]
* [[Rasuul]]
** [[Nebi Muxamed]]
** [[Nebi Ciise]]
** [[Nebi Muuse]]
** [[Nebi Ibraahim]]
** [[Nebi Nuux]]
* [[Nabi]]
* [[Nabi Aadam C.S.]]
* [[Nebi Maxamed]]
* [[Nabi Ismaaciil C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Ayuub C.S.]]
* [[Muxamed|Nabi Muxamed (c.s.w)]]
* [[Nabi Daa'uud C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Suleymaan C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Nuux C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Idriis]]
* [[Nabi Saalax]]
* [[Nabi Shuceyb]]
* [[Nabi Yuusuf]]
* [[Nabi Muuse C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Ilyaas]]
* [[Nabi Ibraahiim C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Huud]]
* [[Ciise|Nabi Ciise]]
* [[Kitaabka quduska]]
* [[Masiixiyad]]
* [[Luqmaan Alxakiim]]
* [[Sifaynta Diinta Islaamka]]
* [[Su'aallo Diini ah iyo Jawaaba hooda]]
* [[Islam]]

{{Reflist}}

{{Gumud}}
{{commons|Category:Gospels|Injiil}}

[[Category:Kitaab]]
[[Category:Nabiyada Islaamka]]
[[Category:Islaam]]
[[Category:Quraan]]
[[Category:Islam]]
[[Category:Masiixiyad]]
[[Category:Diin]]
[[Category:Taariikh]]
[[Category:Aqoon]]
[[Category:Kalandar]]
[[Category:Nabi]]
[[Category:Aadam iyo Xaawo]]
[[Category:Axdiga Cusub]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9226" sha1="nfnig52isdtpq6u5n8xid7ycgtq5o11" xml:space="preserve">'''Injiil''' marka loo eego Islaamka, waa mid ka mid ah kutubta uu Alle u soo dejiyey nebiyadiisa, waxaana la rumaysan yahay in loo waxyooday Ciise (Ciise bin Maryam). Qur’aanku wuxuu Injiilka ku tilmaamaa kitaab ay ku jiraan hanuun iyo iftiin, halka Muslimiintu aaminsan yihiin in Injiilkii asalka ahaa uu ka duwanaa afarta Injiil ee ku jira Axdiga Cusub.

==Aragtida Masiixiyiinta==
'''Injiil''' '''[[Kitaabka Injiil]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: bible; [[carabi]]: ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; &quot;kitaabu ciisah&quot;) waa [[kitaab]] [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]] (c.s).
Erayga '''Injiil''' macnihiisu waa ''war wanaagsan'' ama ''bishaaro''. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub oo kala ah [[Mateeyos]], [[Maarkos]], [[Luuqa]], iyo [[Yooxannaa]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_400_VIDEO Introduction to Matthew]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_410_VIDEO Introduction to Mark]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_420_VIDEO Introduction to Luke]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_430_VIDEO Introduction to John]&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Aragtida Islaamka==
{{Islaam}}
=== Jadwalka Nabiyada iyo Rusuusha Kutubta lagu soo dejiyay ===

Sida ku cad [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee [[Alle]] u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}} waxaa jira [[tiro]] badan&lt;ref&gt;[[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee [[Alle]] u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo [[nabi]]yo iyo [[rasuul]] ah oo [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) ku soo dejiyay [[kitaab|kutub]].&lt;Ref&gt;[[nabi]]yo iyo [[rasuul]] ah oo [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) ku soo dejiyay [[kitaab|kutub]]&lt;/ref&gt; Kuwaasi waxaa ugu horeeyay [[Nabi Ibraahim]] oo Alle u soo diray qoraalada [[Suxufi Ibraahim]], waxaana ugu dambeeyay [[kitaab]]ka [[Al-Furqaan]] ee Alle u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Nabi Ibraahim]] oo Alle u soo diray qoraalada [[Suxufi Ibraahim]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
Intaasi marka laga yimaado waxaa jira tiro kale oo nebiyo iyo rasuul ah oo Rabbi u soo diray kutub, laakiin inagu aqoon uma lihin kuwaasi, waxaana tusaale inoo ah: [[Nebi Ismaaciil]], [[Nebi Yacquub]] iyo [[Nebi Yoonis]] oo dhamaantood leh kutub aynaan cilmi u lahayn.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Nebi Ismaaciil]], [[Nebi Yacquub]] iyo [[Nebi Yoonis]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Isku soo wada duuboo, kutubta ku xusan kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah waa [[afar]] [[kitaab]] iyo labo [[suxufi]] kuwaasi oo kala ah:

{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Nabiyada iyo Rusuusha Lagu soo Dejiyay Kitaab&lt;br /&gt;(ﮐﺘﺏ الأنبیاء والرسل)
!Magaca 
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Magaca&lt;br /&gt;[[carabi|Af-Carabi]]
!Kitaabka
!Suxufi
!Sharaxaad Kooban
|-
| '''[[Nebi Muxamed]]'''{{SCW}} || ﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ || [[Kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Al-Furqaan]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;(ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ) || - ||
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]] intii u dhexaysay [[sanad|sanadkii 609 C.D ilaa 632 C.D]]
* Waxyigu wuxuu socday [[23|23 sanno]] gudahood.
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada [[Carabi]]ga ah.
* Waxa loo qeybiyaa [[Makki]] iyo [[Madani]].
* Ka kooban yahay [[114 Suuradood]]
* Saldhiga iyo xuddunta [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka.
|-
| '''[[Nebi Ciise]]''' || ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ || [[Kitaab]]ka [[Injiil]]&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Masiixiyad]]&quot; || - || 
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]].
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada reer [[Yuhuuda|bani Israa'iil]], iyo luuqada [[ingiriis]]ka.
* Wuxuu aasaas u yahay [[diin]]ta [[Masiixi]]ga.
|-
| '''[[Nebi Muuse]]''' || ﻧﺒﻲﻣﻮﺳﻰ || [[Kitaab]]ka [[Towraad]]&lt;br /&gt;(ﺗﻮﺭﺍﺓ) || Suxufi Muusa ||
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muuse]].
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada reer [[Yuhuuda|bani Israa'iil]], iyo farta [[Hebrew]]ga.
* Wuxuu aasaas u yahay [[diin]]ta [[Yuhuud]]a ama [[Hebrew]]ga.
|-
| '''[[Nebi Daa'uud]]''' || ﻧﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ || [[Kitaab]]ka [[Sabuur]]&lt;br /&gt;(ﺯﺑﻮﺭ) || - ||
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Daa'uud]].
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada reer [[Yuhuuda|bani Israa'iil]], iyo farta [[Hebrew]]ga.
* Wuxuu aasaas u yahay [[diin]]ta [[Yuhuud]]a ama [[Hebrew]]ga.
|-
| '''[[Nebi Ibraahim]]''' || ﻧﺒﻲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ || - || [[Suxufi Ibraahim]] ||
* Lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ibraahim]].
* Wuxuu ku qoran yahay luuqada reer [[Yuhuuda|bani Israa'iil]], iyo farta [[Hebrew]]ga.
|}
=== Kutubta Ku Xusan Quraanka ===
[[Kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee saldhiga u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, waxaa [[suurad]]o badan iyo [[aayad]]o badan lagu xusay kitaabka Zabuur ee Nabi Daa'uud.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Quraan]]ka ah ee saldhiga u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isku soo wada duuboo kutubta [[Alle]] (s.w) ku soo dejiyay [[Nabi|Anbiyada]] iyo [[Rasuul|Rusuusha]] waa [[4|afar kitaab]] iyo dhowr [[suxufi]]. 
Sida ku cad kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ee aasaaska u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, [[Ilaahay]] sareeye wuxuu soo dejiyay [[4|afar Kitaab]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[[Quraan]]ka kariimka ee aasaaska u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, [[Ilaahay]] sareeye wuxuu soo dejiyay [[4|afar Kitaab]] oo la kala siiyay afar [[Rasuul]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; oo la kala siiyay afar [[Rasuul]].
Kutubtaasi waxay kala yihiin:
* Kitaabka &quot;[[Al-Furqaan]]&quot; ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}
* Kitaabka &quot;[[Injiil]]&quot; ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]]
* Kitaabka &quot;[[Towraad]]&quot; ee loo soo diray [[Nebi Muuse]], iyo
* Kitaabka &quot;[[Sabuur]]&quot; ee [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dajiyey [[Nebi Daa'uud]].&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;*Kitaabka &quot;[[Al-Furqaan]]&quot; ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kitaabka &quot;[[Injiil]]&quot; ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kitaabka &quot;[[Towraad]]&quot; ee loo soo diray [[Nebi Muuse]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kitaabka &quot;[[Sabuur]]&quot; ee [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dajiyey [[Nebi Daa'uud]]&lt;/ref&gt;
Intaasi waxaa soo raaca dhowr suxufi oo lagu soo kala dejiyay [[Nebi|anbiyo]] iyo [[Rasuul|Rusul]], waxaana ka mid ah:
* [[Suxufta Ibraahim]] oo lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ibraahim]].

MIYAANAY KITAABKA QUDUUSKA AH LAGU CARABIN?

Ilaaha Qaadirka ah sinaba uma oggolaan karin waxaas oo kale.

Qur'aanku wuxuu ku dhawaaqay: &quot;Qofna ma beddeli karo qaynuunnada Eebbe.&quot; - Suuradda 6, Al -Ancaam (Lo'da), aayadda 34.

Kitaabka Quduuska ah wuxuu ku dhawaaqayaa mid la mid ah sida soo socota: “Cawska qoyan waa engegay, ubaxuna waa engegay; laakiinse erayga Ilaaheennu weligiisba wuu waari doonaa. ”- Ishacyaah 40: 8. Qaar baa isku dayay inay Erayga Ilaahay been ka sheegaan, laakiin kuma ay guulaysan. Tusaale ahaan, warqaddii kowaad ee Yooxanaa, 1Jo cutubka 5, aayadda 7, ereyada soo socda ayaa mar keliya lagu daray: &quot;Jannada dhexdeeda, Aabbaha, Ereyga, iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah: saddexdaasna waa mid.&quot; Erayadani kama muuqdaan mid ka mid ah qoraaladii hore ee Baybalka laakiin mar dambe ayaa lagu daray si loo taageero caqiidada Saddexmidnimada ee beenta ah. Culimadu, waxay og yihiin in ereyada noocaas ahi ay yihiin kuwo been abuur ah, oo tarjumaadaha Kitaabka Casriga ah ay meesha ka saarayaan. Qoraalo badan oo Kitaabka Quduuska ah oo afar ama shan qarni ka weyn Qurʼān ayaa maanta lagu arki karaa matxafyada. Marka Kitaabka Quduuska ah ee maanta la barbardhigo qoraalladii hore, waxaa caddaanaysa in qoraalka aan maanta haysanno uu la mid yahay kii Ilaah u waxyooday addoommadiisii ​​hore inay qoraan. Isbarbar dhig suuradda 10, Yunis (Yoonis), aayadda 94: &quot;Haddaad ka shakiso waxaan kuu waxyoonay waydii kuwa akhriyey Kitaabka hortaada.&quot;

Waxaa cad inuu Ilaahay Qorninkiisa Quduuska ah daafacay sidaynu maanta Eraygiisa daahirka ah u akhrisanno. Ilaaha Qaadirka ah buuggiisa quduuska ah wuu ilaalin karaa. Eraygiisa waxaa ku qoran: “Cawsku wuu engegaa, ubaxuna wuu dhacaa, laakiinse erayga Ilaaheennu weligiisba wuu waari doonaa.”—Ishacyaah 40:8.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Ilaahay Eraygiisa wuu ilaaliyaa]&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Qoraalo La Mid Ah ===
* [[Diin]]
** [[Islaam]]
** [[Masiixiyad]]
** [[Yuhuud|Diinta Yuhuuda]]
** [[Nebi Ibraahim|Diimaha Abrahamiga]]
* [[Kitaab]]
** [[Qu'raan]]
** [[Al-Furqaan]]
** [[Towrah]]
** [[Injiil]]
** [[Sabuur]]
** [[Saxafi Ibraahim]]
* [[Rasuul]]
** [[Nebi Muxamed]]
** [[Nebi Ciise]]
** [[Nebi Muuse]]
** [[Nebi Ibraahim]]
** [[Nebi Nuux]]
* [[Nabi]]
* [[Nabi Aadam C.S.]]
* [[Nebi Maxamed]]
* [[Nabi Ismaaciil C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Ayuub C.S.]]
* [[Muxamed|Nabi Muxamed (c.s.w)]]
* [[Nabi Daa'uud C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Suleymaan C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Nuux C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Idriis]]
* [[Nabi Saalax]]
* [[Nabi Shuceyb]]
* [[Nabi Yuusuf]]
* [[Nabi Muuse C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Ilyaas]]
* [[Nabi Ibraahiim C.S.]]
* [[Nabi Huud]]
* [[Ciise|Nabi Ciise]]
* [[Kitaabka quduska]]
* [[Masiixiyad]]
* [[Luqmaan Alxakiim]]
* [[Sifaynta Diinta Islaamka]]
* [[Su'aallo Diini ah iyo Jawaaba hooda]]
* [[Islam]]

{{Reflist}}

{{Gumud}}
{{commons|Category:Gospels|Injiil}}

[[Category:Kitaab]]
[[Category:Nabiyada Islaamka]]
[[Category:Islaam]]
[[Category:Quraan]]
[[Category:Islam]]
[[Category:Masiixiyad]]
[[Category:Diin]]
[[Category:Taariikh]]
[[Category:Aqoon]]
[[Category:Kalandar]]
[[Category:Nabi]]
[[Category:Aadam iyo Xaawo]]
[[Category:Axdiga Cusub]]</text>
      <sha1>nfnig52isdtpq6u5n8xid7ycgtq5o11</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Masar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3913</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305151</id>
      <parentid>300131</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T20:03:12Z</timestamp>
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        <username>IvanScrooge98</username>
        <id>16665</id>
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      <comment>img</comment>
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      <text bytes="133441" sha1="2ndanyeyjbdqrmbkkz71kiykw2wsxxn" xml:space="preserve">'''Masar''' ([[Carabi]] : مصر , romanized: loogu dhawaaqo [[Carabi|Carabi Masaarida]] : [mɑsˤr] ), si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyadda Carbeed ee Masar''' , waa waddan ku baahsan geeska waqooyi-bari ee [[Afrika]] iyo koonaha koonfur-galbeed ee Aasiya iyada oo la sii marayo Gacanka Siinaay. Waxa waqooyi kabadda Mediterranean-,[[Falastiin]] (Marinka Gaza) iyo [[Israaiil]] waqooyi-bari,baddacasoo bari ka xigta, Suudaanoo dhanka koonfureed ah iyo Liibiya oo galbeed ah; Gacanka Caqaba ee waqooyi bari Masar ayaa kala qaybiya Urdun iyo Sucuudiga. Qaahira waa caasimadda,magaalada ugu weyn, iyo hormuudka xarunta dhaqanka, halka Alexandria waa magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn iyo xudunta muhiimka ah ee warshadaha iyo dalxiiska. Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 107 milyan, Masar waa saddexda wadan ee ugu dadka badan Afrika iyo 15-aad ee ugu dadka badan adduunka.

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Carbeed Masar
| name                   = {{native name|ar|جمهورية مصر العربية}}&lt;br /&gt;{{resize|}}
| common_name            = Egypt
| image_flag             = Flag of Egypt.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg
| image_map              = EGY orthographic.svg
| map_caption            = Goobta Jamhuuriyadda Masar
| national_anthem        = &quot;[[Bilady, Bilady, Bilady]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;{{lang|ar|&quot;بلادي، بلادي، بلادي&quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;({{Lang-so|&quot;Dalkayga, dalkayga, dalkayga&quot;&quot;}})&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;{{center|[[File:Bilady, Bilady, Bilady.ogg]]}}&lt;/div&gt;
| official_languages     = [[Carabi|Carabi]]
| national_languages     = [[Carabi|Carabi Masar]]{{ref label|offlang|a}}
| languages              = 
| religion               = [[Islam]] 90% (mostly [[Sunni]])&lt;br&gt;[[Christianity]] 10% ([[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic]])
| demonym                = Masar &lt;br&gt; Masri, [[Islam]]
| capital                = [[Qaahira]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|30|2|N|31|13|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = capital
| government_type        = [[Dawlad midaysan|Midaysan]] [[Hab-madaxweynenimo-hoosaad|Nidaam madaxweyne]]&lt;br /&gt;[[jamhuuriyada]]
| leader_title1          = [[Madaxweynaha Masar|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1           = [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]
| leader_title2          = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Masar|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mustafa Madbouly]]
| leader_title3          = [[Guddoomiyaha Golaha Wakiilada (Masar)|Afhayeenka Aqalka]]
| leader_name3           = Cali Abdel Aal
| legislature            = Baarlamaanka
| upper_house            = golaha guurtida qaranka
| lower_house            = Golaha Wakiilada
| established_event1     = Midaynta [[Masar Sare iyo Hoose|Sare&lt;br /&gt;iyo Masar Hoose]]&lt;ref name=&quot;goldschmidt_oldest_nation&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Arthur |title=Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmZyAAAAMAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, CO |isbn=978-0-86531-182-4 |page=5 |quote=Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. For most of their history, Egypt has been a state, but only in recent years has it been truly a nation-state, with a government claiming the allegiance of its subjects on the basis of a common identity. |access-date=20 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm |title=Background Note: Egypt |date=10 November 2010 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] [[Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs]] |access-date=5 March 2011  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;{{ref label|estevent|b|}}
| established_date1      = [[Circa|c.]] 3150 BC
| established_event2     = Maxamed Cali oo la caleema saaray
| established_date2      = 9 July 1805&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Pierre Crabitès |title=Ibrahim of Egypt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NbCRckI3EoC&amp;pg=PA1 |access-date=10 February 2013 |year=1935 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-81121-7 |page=1 |quote=...&amp;nbsp;on July 9, 1805, Constantinople conferred upon Muhammad Ali the pashalik of Cairo&amp;nbsp;... }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event3     = [[Ku Dhawaaqida Madaxbanaanida Masar|Madaxbanaanida]] ka&lt;br /&gt;
[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ee great Biriten iyo Ireland|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]
| established_date3      = 28 Febraayo 1922
| established_event4     = [[Kacaankii Masar 1952kii|Maalinta Kacaanka]]
| established_date4      = 23 Julaay 1952
| established_event5     = Jamhuuriyadda ayaa lagu dhawaaqay
| established_date5      = 18 June 1953
| established_event6     = [[Dastuurka Masar|Dastuurka hadda jira]]
| established_date6      = 18 Janaayo 2014
| area_rank              = 29aad
| area_km2               = 1,010,408&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |title=Total area km2, pg.15 |publisher=Capmas.Gov – Arab Republic of Egypt |access-date=8 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321110107/http://capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 387,048
| percent_water          = 0.632
| population_estimate    = [[File:Increase Neutral.svg|12px|border]]   109,450,000 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |website=www.capmas.gov.eg |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=7 Bisha Sagaalaad 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907025744/https://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=أقل زيادة في 10 سنوات.. رحلة الوصول إلى 100 مليون مصري (إنفوجرافيك) |url=https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_economy/details/2020/2/11/1722317/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-10-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-100-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83- |website=www.masrawy.com |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212144159/https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_economy/details/2020/2/11/1722317/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-10-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-100-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83- |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2025
| population_estimate_rank = 15aad
| population_census      = [[File:Increase Neutral.svg|12px|border]]  94,798,827
| population_census_year = [[Tirakoobka Masar#2017|2017]]
| population_census_rank = 
| population_density_km2 = 108.32
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_density_rank = 99aad
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $2.372 tilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOEG&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=64&amp;pr.y=17&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2024&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=469&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 17aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $21,668&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOEG&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 87aad
| GDP_nominal            = [[File:Decrease2.svg|12px|border]]  $347.342 tilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOEG&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 42aad
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[File:Decrease2.svg|12px|border]]   $3,174&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOEG&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 133aad
| Gini_year              = 2019
| Gini_change            = hoos u dhac&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini                   = [[File:Decrease2.svg|12px|border]]  31.9 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=GINI index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archive-date=9 February 2015 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI_year               = 2023&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = kordhin&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI                    = {{increase}} 0.754 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 100aad
| currency               = [[Egyptian pound]] (E£)
| currency_code          = EGP
| time_zone              = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +2{{ref label|dst|c}}
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| drives_on              = Sax
| calling_code           = [[+20]]
| cctld                  = {{unbulleted list |[[.eg]] |{{lang|ar|[[مصر.]]}}}}
| official_website       = [https://www.egypttourpackages.com/ Egypt ]
| footnote_a             = 
| footnote_b             = 
| footnote_c             = 
}}
Masar waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah taariikhda ugu dheer ee waddan kasta, iyada oo raadinaysa dhaxalkeeda webiga Nile Delta ilaa 6aad-4aad millennia BCE. Markii loo tixgeliyey ilbaxnimada , Masar hore waxay aragtay qaar ka mid ah horumarradii ugu horreeyay ee qorista, beeraha, magaalaynta, diinta habaysan iyo dawladda dhexe. Masar waxay ahayd xarun hore oo muhiim u ah Masiixiyadda , ka dib waxay qaadatay Islaamka qarnigii toddobaad wixii ka dambeeyay. Alexandria , caasimaddeedii hore ee Masar iyo hadda magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn, waxay ahayd xudunta aqoonta caalamiga ah iyada oo loo marayo maktabadeeda . Qahira waxay noqotay caasimadii Khilaafadii Faatimid qarnigii tobnaad iyo Mamluk Sultanate ee xigtay qarnigii 13aad. Masar waxay markaas ka mid noqotay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta sannadkii 1517kii, ilaa uu taliyihii degaanka Muxammad Cali ka asaasay Masar casriga ah oo ah Khedivate iskeed u madaxbannaan 1867. Dalka waxa qabsaday Boqortooyadii Ingriiska oo ay weheliso Suudaan oo xornimada qaadatay 1922-kii oo boqortooyo ah .
Kacaankii 1952 ka dib Masar waxay ku dhawaaqday jamhuuriyad . Intii u dhaxaysay 1958 iyo 1961 Masar waxay ku biirtay Suuriya si ay u samaystaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Carbeed . Masar waxa ay dhawr dagaal oo hubaysan la gashay Israa’iil sannadihii 1948 , 1956 , 1967 iyo 1973 , waxaanay si joogto ah u qabsatay Marinka Qaza ilaa 1967. 1978kii, Masar waxa ay saxeexday heshiiskii Camp David , kaas oo u aqoonsaday Israa’iil beddelkeeda inay ka baxdo Siinaydii la haystay. Ka dib kacdoonkii Carabta ee horseeday kacdoonkii Masar 2011 iyo afgambigii Xusni Mubaarak , dalka waxa soo food saaray qalalaase siyaasadeed oo daba dheeraaday ; Doorashadii ugu horeysay ee dimoqraadi ah oo dhacday 2012-kii ayaa natiijadeedu ahayd muddo gaaban, dawladdii ay isku haysteen Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka ee Mohamed Morsi , oo ay afgambiyeen militariga ka dib mudaaharaadyo waaweyn 2013kii Dowladda hadda jirta waa jamhuuriyad madaxtinimo-gaar ah oo uu hoggaamiyo Abdel Fattah el-Sisi , kaas oo la doortay 2014-kii balse waxaa loo arkaa mid kalitalis ah . 
Masar waa waddan soo koraya oo leh dhaqaalaha labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika Waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay quwad goboleed ku taal Bariga Dhexe, Waqooyiga Afrika iyo dunida Muslimka iyo awood dhexe oo adduunka ah. Islaamku waa diinta rasmiga ah , Carabigana waa luqadda rasmiga ah. Masar waxay xubin ka tahay Qaramada Midoobay, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Aan Isbahaysiga ahayn , Jaamacadda Carabta , Midowga Afrika , Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka , Madasha Dhallinyarada Adduunka , iyo xubin ka tirsan BRICS .

==Magacyada==
Magaca Ingiriisiga &quot;Masar&quot; wuxuu ka yimid Giriiggii hore &quot; Aígyptos &quot; (&quot; Αἴγυπτος &quot;), iyada oo loo sii marayo Faransiiska Dhexe &quot;Masar&quot; iyo Laatiinka &quot; Aegyptus &quot;. Waxa ay ka muuqataa kiniiniyada tooska ah ee Giriiga hore sida &quot;a-ku-pi-ti-yo&quot;. Sifada &quot;aigýpti-&quot;/&quot;aigýptios&quot; waxaa loo soo amaahday Coptic sida &quot; gyptios &quot;, oo halkaas laga soo qaatay Carabi sida &quot; qubṭī &quot;, oo dib loo sameeyay&quot; قبط &quot;( qubṭ ), halka Ingiriisi&quot; Copt &quot;. Juquraafigii hore ee Giriigga Strabo wuxuu bixiyay etymology folk isagoo sheegaya in &quot; Αἴγυπτος &quot; (Aigýptios) uu asal ahaan ka soo baxay xarun ka &quot; Aἰγαίου ὑπτίως &quot; ( Aegaeou huptiōs theegean ), oo macneheedu yahay &quot; Aegaeou huptiōs &quot;. Soo-jiidashada dhabta ah waxaa loo maleynayaa inay ka timid ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ ( Hutkaptah , ku dhawaaqida Masar ee dambe [ħəjˌkojpəˈtaħ] ), &quot; Macbadka Ka of Ptah ,&quot; oo ah erey magaalada Memphis . 
&quot; Miṣr &quot; ( ku dhawaaqida Carabiga: [misˤɾ] ; &quot; مِصر &quot;) waa Carabiga Qur'aanka ee qadiimiga ah iyo magaca rasmiga ah ee casriga ah ee Masar, halka &quot; Maṣr &quot; ( ku dhawaaqida Carabiga Masar: [mɑsˤɾ] ; مَصر ) waa ku dhawaaqida maxaliga ah ee Carabiga Masar . Magaca hadda ee Masar, Misr/Misir/Misru, wuxuu ka yimid magacii hore ee Semitic-ga . Eraygu wuxuu asal ahaan ka dhigan yahay &quot; Ilbaxnimo &quot; ama &quot; Metropolis &quot;. Miṣr Carabi qadiimiga ah (Masar Carabi Carabi Maṣr ) waxay si toos ah ula socotaa Cibraaniga Baybalka Miṣráyīm ( מִצְרַיִם / מִצְרָיִם), oo macneheedu yahay &quot;labada cidhiidhi&quot;, tixraaca kala soocida predynastic ee Sare iyo Hoose Masar . Sido kale dhowr luqadood oo Semitic ah lagu sheegay sida Mesru , Misir iyo Masar Marqaatiga ugu da'da weyn ee magacan Masar waa Akkadian &quot;mi-iṣ-ru&quot; (&quot;miṣru&quot;)  ee la xidhiidha miṣru/missirru/miṣaru , oo macneheedu yahay &quot;xuduuda&quot; ama &quot;xuduudda&quot;. Boqortooyada Neo-Assyrian waxay adeegsatay ereyga la soo saaray , Mu-ṣur . 
Magacii hore ee Masar ee wadanku waxa uu ahaa
( 𓆎 🅓 🏏 📊) km.t , oo macneheedu yahay dhul madow, oo ay u badan tahay inay tixraacayso carrada madow ee barwaaqada ah ee bannaanka daadadka webiga Niil , oo ka duwan deshret ( ⟨ dšṛt ⟩ ), ama &quot;dhul cas&quot; saxaraha . Magacan waxaa caadi ahaan loogu dhawaaqaa Kemet , laakiin malaha waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa [kuːmat] Masaaridii hore.  Magaca waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay K(h)ēmə ( Bohairic Coptic : ⲭⲏⲙⲓ , Sahidic Coptic : ⲕⲏⲙⲉ ) ee marxaladda Coptic ee luqadda Masar, wuxuuna u muuqday Giriiggii hore sida Χημία ( Khēmía ). Magac kale wuxuu ahaa ⟨ tꜣ-mry ⟩ &quot;dhulka webiga jiinka&quot;. Masar sare iyo hoose magacyadoodu waxay ahaayeen Ta-Seme'aw ( ⟨ tꜣ-šmꜥw ⟩ ) &quot;sedgeland&quot; iyo Ta-Mehew ( ⟨ tꜣ mḥw ⟩ ) &quot;waqooyiga&quot;, siday u kala horreeyaan.
==Taariikhda==
===Taariikhda hore iyo Masar hore===
[[File:Derr_(_125_miles_south_of_Aswan,_right_bank)._Temple_dedicated_to_Pa_-_Horakhti.jpg|thumb|Macbadka Derr ayaa burburay 1960kii]]
Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya dhagax-dhagaxyo lagu sameeyay hareeraha dhulka webiga Niil iyo dhulka saxaraha ah. Millenniyadii 10-aad ee BCE , dhaqankii ugaadhsadayaasha iyo kalluumaysatada waxa beddelay dhaqan-shiidid hadhuudh . Isbeddellada cimiladu ama daaqsintii ku dhawaad ​​8000 BCE waxay bilaabeen inay xaalufiyaan dhul-dhaqatada Masar, taasoo samaysa Saxaraha . Qabiiladii hore waxay u haajireen webiga Niil halkaas oo ay ka dhisteen dhaqaale beeralay ah oo deggen iyo bulsho dhexe oo badan. 
Ilaa 6000 BC, dhaqanka Neolithic ayaa xidid ku yeeshay dooxada Niil. Intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic, dhaqammo badan oo horudhac ah ayaa si madax-bannaan u horumariyay Masar Sare iyo Hoose . Dhaqanka Badariyaanka iyo taxanihii Naqada ee dhaxalka lahaa ayaa guud ahaan loo arkaa inay horudhac u yihiin Masar fir-fircooneed . Meesha ugu horraysa ee loo yaqaanay Masaarida Hoose, Merimda, waxay ka horraysa Badariyaanka ilaa toddoba boqol oo sano. Bulshooyinka Masaarida Hoose ee wakhtigan waxay la noolaayeen dhiggooda koonfurta in ka badan laba kun oo sano, dhaqan ahaan way ka duwan yihiin, laakiin xidhiidh joogto ah oo ganacsi. Caddaynta ugu horraysa ee la og yahay ee qoraallada hieroglyphic ee Masaarida waxay soo muuqdeen xilliyadii hore ee weelasha dheriga ee Naqada III, oo ku taariikhaysnaa qiyaastii 3200 BC.
[[File:All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg|thumb|Giza Necropolis waa kan ugu da'da weyn mucjisooyinka qadiimiga ah iyo kan kaliya ee weli jira.]]
Waxaa la aasaasay boqortooyo midaysan c.  3150 BCE by King Menes , taasoo keentay in taxane taxane ah oo xukumay Masar saddexdii kun ee soo socda. Dhaqanka Masaarida wuxuu kobcay muddadaas dheer wuxuuna ahaa Masaar si gaar ah diintiisa , fankiisa , luqaddiisa iyo caadooyinkiisa. Labadii boqortooyo ee ugu horreeyay ee Masar midaysan waxay dejiyeen marxaladda xilligii Boqortooyada Hore , c.  2700–2200 BCE, kaas oo dhisay Ahraamyo badan , gaar ahaan Ahraamta Saddexaad ee Boqortooyada Djoser iyo Boqortooyadii Afraad ee Giza Ahraamta .
Muddadii dhexe ee koowaad waxa ay keentay wakhti qalalaase siyaasadeed ilaa 150 sano. Daadka Niilka ee xooggan iyo xasilinta dawladda, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay dib u soo celisay barwaaqada dalka ee Boqortooyada Dhexe c.  2040 BCE, oo gaadhay meeshii ugu sarreysay xilligii Fircoon Amenemhat III . Muddadii labaad ee midnimo la'aantu waxay ku bishaaraysay imaatinka boqortooyadii ugu horreysay ee ajnabiga ah ee xukunka Masar, tii Semitic Hyksos . Soo duulay Hyksos waxay la wareegeen inta badan Masar Hoose qiyaastii 1650 BC waxayna ka aasaaseen caasimad cusub Avaris . Waxa meesha ka saaray xoogagii Masar sare ee uu hogaaminayey Axmose I , kaas oo dhidibada u taagay Boqortooyadii Sideed iyo Tobnaad oo ka raray magaalada Memphis , una raray Thebes .
Boqortooyada Cusub c.  1550-1070 BCE waxay ka bilaabantay Boqortooyadii Sideed iyo tobnaad, iyada oo calaamad u ah kor u kaca Masar oo ah awood caalami ah oo ballaarisay intii lagu jiray fidinta ugu weyn ee boqortooyo ilaa koonfurta ilaa Tombos ee Nubia , oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Levant ee bari. Muddadan waxaa lagu xusay qaar ka mid ah Faraaciintii caanka ahaa , oo ay ku jiraan Hatshepsut , Thutmose III , Akhenaten iyo xaaskiisa Nefertiti , Tutankhamun iyo Ramesses II . Hadalkii ugu horreeyay ee taariikh ahaan la caddeeyo ee tawxiidku waxa uu yimid muddadan sida Atenism . Xidhiidhada soo noqnoqda ee quruumaha kale waxay keeneen fikrado cusub Boqortooyada Cusub. Dalka waxaa markii dambe ku duulay oo qabsaday Liibiya , Nuubiyiin iyo Ashuur , laakiin Masaaridii u dhalatay ayaa aakhirkii ka saaray oo dib ula wareegay talada dalkooda.
[[File:BD_Weighing_of_the_Heart.jpg|thumb|Miisaanka Qalbiga ee ka yimid kitaabka dhintay ee Ani]]
525 BCE, Boqortooyadii Achaemenid , oo uu hogaaminayey Cambyses II , ayaa bilaabay qabsashadooda Masar, ugu dambeyntiina waxay qabsadeen Fircoon Psamtik III dagaalkii Pelusium . Cambyses II ayaa markaa la wareegay magaca rasmiga ah ee Fircoon , laakiin waxa uu Masar ka xukumay gurigiisa Susa ee Faaris (Iran casriga ah), isaga oo Masar ku hoos jira xukunka satrapy . Boqortooyadii Masar oo dhan todoba iyo labaatanaad , laga soo bilaabo 525 ilaa 402 BCE, marka laga reebo Petubastis III , waxa ay ahayd gebi ahaanba muddo Achaemenid ah, iyada oo boqorada Achaemenid dhamaantood la siiyay magaca Fircoon. Dhowr kacdoon oo ku-meel-gaar ah oo lagu guuleystay oo ka dhan ah Achaemenids ayaa calaamadeeyay qarnigii shanaad ee BCE, laakiin Masar weligeed ma awoodin inay si joogto ah u afgembiso Achaemenids.
Boqortooyadii Soddonaad waxa ay ahayd boqortooyadii ugu dambaysay ee xukunta dalka intii lagu jiray waagii Fircooniga. Waxay mar kale ku dhacday Achaemenids 343 BCE ka dib markii Fircoon, Boqor Nectanebo II , lagaga adkaaday dagaalka. Soddon iyo kow ee Boqortooyada Masar , si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma sii socon muddo dheer, maadaama Achaemenids la riday dhowr sano ka dib Alexander the Great . Guud ahaan Giriigga Macedonia ee Alexander, Ptolemy I Soter , ayaa aasaasay Boqortooyada Ptolemaic
===Batlamyo iyo Roman Masar===
[[File:Denderah3_Cleopatra_Cesarion.jpg|thumb|Boqoradda Ptolemaic Cleopatra VII iyo wiilkeeda oo uu qoray Julius Caesar, Caesarion , oo ku yaal Macbadka Dendera]]
Boqortooyada Ptolemaic waxay ahayd dawlad Hellenistic ah oo awood leh , oo ka soo bilaabantay koonfurta Suuriya ee bari, ilaa Cyrene oo galbeed ah, iyo koonfurta ilaa xudduudaha Nubia. Alexandria waxay noqotay magaalo-madaxeed iyo xarunta dhaqanka iyo ganacsiga Giriiga . Si ay u helaan aqoonsi ay ka helaan shacbigii Masar ee u dhashay, waxay isku magacaabeen in ay yihiin kuwii dhaxlay Faraaciintii. Ptolemiyadii dambe waxay qaateen caadooyinka Masaarida, iyaga laftooda ayaa lagu sawiray taallooyinkii dadweynaha ee qaabka Masar iyo labbiska, waxayna ka qaybqaateen nolosha diinta Masaarida. Laydhka Alexandria (Pharos of Alexandria) waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 280 BCE jasiiradda Faaris, oo u dhow Alexandria, Masar. waxa ay noqotay mid ka mid ah todobada mucjiso ee dunidii hore, taas oo ay weheliyaan Ahraamta waaweyni ay sidoo kale saldhig u ahayd Masar. Dhererkeeda waxaa lagu qiyaasay in uu ahaa ilaa 100-130 mitir, taas oo ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu dheer ee wakhtigeeda. Ujeeddadu waxay tahay: badmaaxiinta la hagayo si nabad ah oo ay ku galaan dekedda mashquulka badan ee Alexandria. Waxaa si xun u waxyeeleeyay dhulgariirkii u dhexeeyay qarniyadii 10-aad iyo 14-aad, waxaana ugu dambeyntii la waayay 1303-dii AD, balse dhagxaanteeda ayaa markii dambe dib loogu isticmaalay dhismayaal kale, sida Daarta Qaitbay .
Hogaamiyihii ugu dambeeyay ee khadka Ptolemaic wuxuu ahaa Cleopatra VII , oo isdilay ka dib aaska jacaylkeeda Mark Antony , ka dib markii Octavian uu qabsaday Alexandria oo ciidamadeeda calooshood u shaqeystayaal ah ay carareen. Ptolemies waxa ay la kulmeen fallaagada Masaarida u dhalatay waxayna ku lug lahaayeen dagaallo shisheeye iyo kuwo sokeeye oo horseeday hoos u dhaca boqortooyada iyo qabsashada Roomaanka.
Masiixiyadda waxa Masar keenay Saint Mark the Evangelist qarnigii 1aad. Boqortooyadii Diocletian (284-305 CE) waxay calaamad u ahayd isbeddelkii Roomaanka ilaa xilligii Byzantine ee Masar, markii tiro badan oo Masiixiyiin Masaar ah la silciyey. Axdiga Cusub ayaa markaas loo turjumay Masar. Kadib Golaha Chalcedon ee CE 451, Kaniisad Coptic Masaar oo kala duwan ayaa si adag loo aasaasay. 
===Qarnigii 7aad - 1517)===
[[File:C9B5617-Pano.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Camr ibn al-Cas ee Qaahira, oo loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay kan ugu da'da weyn Afrika]]
Byzantines waxay awood u yeesheen inay dib u soo ceshadaan xukunka dalka ka dib duullaan kooban oo Sasanid Faaris ah horaantii qarnigii 7aad ee dagaalkii Byzantine-Sasanian ee 602-628 muddadaas oo ay aasaaseen gobol cusub oo gaaban muddo toban sano ah oo loo yaqaan Sasanian Masar , ilaa 639-42, markii Masar lagu soo duulay oo ay qabsadeen Carabtii Islaamka . Markii ay ka adkaadeen ciidamadii Bizantine ee Masar, Carabtu waxay keeneen Islaamka dalka. In muddo ah muddadaas, Masaarida waxay bilaabeen inay ku dhex milmaan caqiidadooda cusub iyo caqiidada asalka ah iyo dhaqamada wadaniga ah, taasoo keentay amarro kala duwan oo suufi ah oo soo kordhay ilaa maantadan la joogo.  Cibaadooyinkan hore waxay ka badbaadeen xilligii Coptic Christianity .
Sannadkii 639-kii waxa Masar loo diray ciidan uu hoggaaminayo khaliifkii labaad ee Cumar oo uu madax u ahaa Camr bin Al Caas . Waxay ku jabiyeen ciidankii Roomaanka dagaalkii Heliopolis. Amr waxa uu u sii socday dhanka Alexandria, kaas oo isu dhiibay heshiis la saxeexay 8 November 641. Alexandria waxa dib loogu soo celiyay Boqortooyada Byzantine 645, laakiin waxaa dib u qabsaday Amr 646. 654-kii duullaan duullaan ah oo uu soo diray Constans II waa la diiday.
Carabtu waxay aasaaseen caasimadda Masar oo lagu magacaabo Fustat , taas oo markii dambe la gubay xilligii Saliibiyiinta. Qaahira ayaa markii dambe la dhisay sanadkii 969 si ay u koraan si ay u noqoto magaalada ugu weyn uguna qanisan khaliifada Carabta , waxa ay ka xigtaa Baqdaad kaliya .
[[File:ساحة مسجد احمد بن طولون.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Ibnu Tuluun ee Qaahira, ee Axmad Ibnu Tuluun]]
Xilligii Cabbaasiyiinta waxaa lagu asteeyay canshuuro cusub, Copts-na waxay mar kale ka gadoodeen sannadkii afraad ee xukunka Cabbaasiyiinta. Bilawgii qarnigii 9-aad waxa dib u bilaabmay hab-dhaqankii lagu maamuli lahaa Masar oo loo maro guddoomiye Abdallah ibn Tahir , kaas oo go'aansaday inuu dego Baqdaad , isaga oo u soo diray ku xigeen Masar si uu u xukumo isaga. Sannadkii 828dii kacdoon kale oo Masari ayaa qarxay, 831kiina Copts waxay ku biireen Muslimiintii u dhalatay ee ka soo horjeeday dawladda. Ugu dambayntii awooddii Cabbaasiyiinta ee Baqdaad waxay horseedday in guud ahaan guud ahaan ay la wareegaan xukunka Masar, haddana ay hoos imanayaan xulafada Cabbaasiyiinta, Boqortooyada Tulunid (868-905) iyo Boqortooyada Ikhshidid (935-969) waxay ka mid ahaayeen kuwii ugu guusha badnaa ee ka horyimid Khaliifkii Cabbaasiyiinta
[[File:مسـجد الحاكم بأمر الله 06.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Al-Xakiim ee Qaahira, ee Al-Xakiim Bi-Amr Allah , khaliifkii lixaad, sida uu u dayactiray Daawdi Bohra]]
Hogaamiyeyaashii Muslimiintu waxay gacanta ku hayeen Masar lixdii qarni ee soo socota, iyadoo Qaahira ahayd xaruntii Khilaafadii Faadimiinta . Dhammaadkii boqortooyadii Ayyubid , Mamluks , oo ah Turco - Circassian militariga, ayaa la wareegay xukunka qiyaastii 1250. Dhamaadkii qarnigii 13aad, Masar waxay isku xirtay Badda Cas, Hindiya, Malaya, iyo Bariga Hindiya.  Badhtamihii Qarnigii 14aad ee Dhimashada Madaw waxa ay dishay 40% dadka dalka.
===Xilligii hore ee casriga: Cusmaaniyiinta Masar (1517-1867)===
[[File:Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Baron_Lejeune_001.jpg|thumb|Napoleon wuxuu ku jabiyay ciidamadii Mamluk ee Dagaalkii Ahraamta , 21 Luulyo 1798, oo uu rinjiyeeyay Lejeune .]]
Masar waxa qabsaday Turkiga 1517, ka dib waxa ay noqotay gobol ka mid ah Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta . Milatarigii difaacu waxa uu dhaawac u geystay bulshada rayidka ah iyo hay’adihii dhaqaalaha. Diciifnimada nidaamka dhaqaalaha oo ay weheliso saamaynta daacuunka ayaa Masar ka dhigtay mid u nugul duullaanka shisheeye. Ganacsatadii Bortuqiisku waxay la wareegeen ganacsigoodii. Intii u dhaxaysay 1687 iyo 1731, Masar waxay la kulantay lix macaluul.  Macaluushii 1784 waxay ku kacday qiyaastii lix meelood meel dadkeeda. 
Masar waxa ay mar walba ahayd gobol ay adag tahay in ay maamulaan salaadiinta Cusmaaniyiinta , taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay awoodda iyo saamaynta joogtada ah ee Mamluuk , oo ah darafkii milatariga Masar ee dalka soo xukumayay qarniyo badan. Masar waxay sii ahaan jirtay maamul-goboleed hoos yimaada Mamluks ilaa ay ku soo duuleen ciidamadii Faransiiska ee Napoleon Bonaparte 1798. Ka dib markii Faransiisku ka adkaaday Ingiriiska, waxaa bilaabmay loolan awoodeed oo saddex geesood ah oo dhex maray Turkidii Cusmaaniyiinta , Mamluk Masaarida oo Masar xukumayay qarniyo, iyo calooshood u shaqeystayaal Albania ah oo u adeegaya Cusmaaniyiinta.
[[File:ModernEgypt,_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder,_BAP_17996.jpg|thumb|Muxammad Cali waxa uu ahaa aasaasihii boqortooyadii Muxamed Cali iyo Khediifkii ugu horeeyey ee Masar iyo Suudaan.]]
Ka dib markii Faransiiska la ceyriyay, waxaa awoodda la wareegay 1805-tii Muhammad Ali Pasha , oo ahaa taliyihii militariga Albania ee ciidamadii Cusmaaniyiinta ee Masar. Muxamed Cali waxa uu xasuuqay Mamluuqa waxa uuna aasaasay boqortooyo ka talin jirtay Masar ilaa kacaankii 1952. Bilawgii 1820-kii ee suufka aadka u dheeraa waxa uu beeralayda u bedelay mid ka mid ah dhaqalaha kaash-ka-soo-saarka ee ka hor dhamaadka qarniga, isaga oo xoogga saaray lahaanshaha dhulka iyo u wareejinta wax soo saarka dhinaca suuqyada caalamiga ah. 
Maxamed Cali waxa uu la wareegay Waqooyiga Suudaan (1820-1824), Suuriya (1833), iyo qaybo ka mid ah Carabta iyo Anatolia . Sannadkii 1841kii, quwadihii reer Yurub oo ka baqayey in uu xukunka ka tuuro Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta lafteeda, ayaa ku khasbay in uu inta badan qabsashadiisa ku soo celiyo Cusmaaniyiinta. Hamigiisa ciidan waxa uu u baahnaa in uu dalka dib u casriyeeyo: waxa uu dhisay warshado, nidaamka kanaalka waraabka iyo gaadiidka, waxa uu dib u habayn ku sameeyay shaqaalaha dawladda. Wuxuu dhisay dawlad ciidan ah oo ku dhawaad ​​​​boqolkiiba afar ka mid ah dadka u adeegaya ciidanka si ay Masar u gaarsiiyaan meel awood leh oo ku taal Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta si ay u muujiyaan inay la mid yihiin xeeladaha Soofiyeedka (iyada oo aan shuuci ahayn) oo la qabtay qarnigii 20aad.
[[File:Egypt_under_Muhammad_Ali_Dynasty_map_en.png|thumb|Masar oo hoos tagta Boqortooyada Maxamed Cali]]
Muhammad Ali Pasha waxa uu ka soo saaray milatariga mid ku shiray dhaqanka corvée ilaa ciidan weyn oo la casriyeeyay. Waxa uu soo bandhigay qoritaanka beeralayda lab ee Masar qarnigii 19-aad, waxana uu qaaday hab cusub oo uu ku abuurayo ciidankiisii ​​weynaa, isaga oo ku xoojinaya tiro iyo xirfad. Waxbarashada iyo tababarka ciidamada cusub waxay noqotay mid waajib ah; Fikradaha cusub waxaa sidoo kale lagu xoojiyay go'doomin. Nimanka waxa lagu hayay dhufeysyo si ay uga fogaadaan in la carqaladeeyo korriimadooda iyaga oo ah unug ciidan oo lagu xisaabtamo. Ciilkii hab-nololeedkii ciidannimo ayaa aakhirkii ka baxay raggii, waxaana qabsaday fikrad cusub oo qarannimo iyo faan ku dhisan. Waxay ahayd iyadoo la kaashanayo cutubkan cusub ee dhowaan dib u dhashay ee Muxammad Cali uu xukunkiisa ku soo rogay Masar. 
Siyaasadda uu Mohammad Ali Pasha raacay intii uu xukunka hayay ayaa qayb ahaan sharraxaysa sababta tirada Masar marka la barbar dhigo dalalka kale ee Waqooyiga-Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe oo kordhay oo keliya heer aad u yar, maaddaama maalgelinta waxbarashada dheeraadka ah ay ka dhaceen oo keliya qaybta militariga iyo warshadaha. Muxammad Cali waxa si kooban xilka u kala wareegay wiilkiisii ​​Ibraahim (Sebtember 1848), ka dibna uu awoowe u ahaa Cabbaas I (Noofambar 1848), ka dibna Saciid (1854), iyo Ismaaciil (1863) oo dhiirigeliyay cilmiga iyo beeraha, kana mamnuucay addoonsiga Masar. 
Masar oo hoos tagta boqortooyadii Muxamed Cali waxay magac ahaan ahaan jirtay gobol Cusmaaniyiin ah. Waxaa la siiyay heerka dawlad-goboleed madaxbannaan ama Khedivate (1867-1914) ee 1867. Suez Canal , oo la dhisay iyada oo lala kaashanayo Faransiiska, ayaa la dhameeyay 1869. Dhismaheeda waxaa maalgeliyay bangiyada Yurub. Lacago badan ayaa sidoo kale ku baxay mas’uulnimo iyo musuqmaasuq. Canshuuraha cusub ayaa sababay niyad jab caan ah. Sannadkii 1875-kii Ismaaciil waxa uu ka fogaaday in uu kaco isaga oo ka iibiyay dhammaan saamigii Masar ee kanaalka dawladda Ingiriiska. Saddex sano gudahood tani waxay keentay in la soo rogo koontaroolayaasha Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska kuwaas oo ku fadhiistay golaha wasiirada Masar, iyo, &quot;awoodda dhaqaale ee dammaanad-qaadayaasha gadaashooda, waxay ahaayeen awoodda dhabta ah ee dawladda&quot;,  Xaalado kale sida cudurrada faafa (cudurka lo'da ee 1880-meeyadii), daadadka iyo dagaalladu waxay keeneen hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha waxayna kordhiyeen ku tiirsanaanta Masar ee deynta shisheeye xitaa dheeraad ah.
[[File:Tel-el-Kebir.JPG|thumb|Dagaalkii Tel el-Kebir ee 1882 wakhtigaas oo ahaa dagaalkii Anglo-Masar]]
Ku qanacsanaan la'aanta maxalliga ah ee Khedive iyo faragelinta reer Yurub ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka kooxihii ugu horreeyay ee waddaniyiinta 1879, iyadoo Axmed 'Urabi uu ahaa shakhsi caan ah. Ka dib markii ay korodhay xiisado iyo kacdoono wadani ah, Boqortooyada Ingiriisku waxay ku soo duushay Masar 1882-kii, oo ay ku burburisay ciidankii Masar ee Battle of Tell El Kebir oo si millatari u qabsaday dalka. 64​​​​​ 
Sannadkii 1899-kii, waxa la saxeexay Anglo-Masar Agreement Condominium: Heshiisku waxa uu sheegay in Suudaan ay si wadajir ah u maamuli doonaan Khedivate ee Masar iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Xakamaynta dhabta ah ee Suudaan waxay ku jirtay gacanta Ingiriiska oo keliya. Sannadkii 1906-dii, dhacdadii Denshawai waxay keentay dad badan oo Masaari ah oo dhexdhexaad ah inay ku biiraan dhaqdhaqaaqa waddaniyiinta.
===Saldanada iyo Boqortooyada Masar===
[[File:Fuad_I_of_Egypt,_Edward_VIII,_%26_Mohamed_Sa%27id_Pa%C5%9Fa.jpg|thumb|Fuad I ee Masar iyo Edward, Prince of Wales , 1932]]
[[File:1stAlameinBritDefense.jpg|thumb|Ciidanka lugta Ingiriiska ee u dhow El Alamein , 17 Luulyo 1942]]
1914kii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta waxay gashay dagaalkii 1aad ee aduunka iyagoo isbahaysi la leh boqortooyooyinkii dhexe; Khedive Abbas II (kaas oo sannadihii hore aad ugu sii kordhay cadaawadda Ingiriiska) waxa uu go’aansaday in uu dagaalka ku taageero dalka hooyo. Go’aankaas ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu si xoog ah xilka uga qaaday, kuna beddelay walaalkiis Xuseen Kaamel .  Huseen Kamel waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in Masar ay ka madax banaan tahay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, isaga oo qaatay magaca Suldaanka Masar . Wax yar ka dib xornimada, Masar waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inay tahay maxmiyad Boqortooyada Midowday.
[[File:Cairo-Demonstrations1919.jpg|thumb|Wadaniyiin dhedig ah oo mudaaharaad ka dhigaya Qaahira , 1919]]
Ka dib dagaalkii 1aad ee aduunka , Saad Zaghlul iyo Xisbiga Wafd ayaa u horseeday dhaqdhaqaaqa wadaninimada Masar aqlabiyadda golaha sharci dejinta. Markii Ingiriisku u masaafuriyey Zaghlul iyo asxaabtiisii ​​Malta 8-dii Maarso 1919, waddanku wuxuu ka kacay kacaankiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee casriga ah . Kacdoonku wuxuu horseeday in dawladda UK ay ku dhawaaqdo madaxbannaanida Masar 22kii Febraayo 1922 . inkasta oo magac ahaan ay madax banaan tahay, Boqortooyadu wali waxa ay ku hoos jirtay gumaysigii millatari ee Ingiriiska, Ingiriiskuna waxa uu weli saamayn weyn ku lahaa dawladda. 
Sannadkii 1923kii, dawladdii cusbayd waxay diyaarisay oo hirgelisay dastuur ku salaysan hab baarlamaan . Xisbiga Waddaniga ah ee Wafd ayaa ku guuleystay guul weyn doorashadii 1923-1924 waxaana Saad Zaghloul loo magacaabay ra'iisul wasaaraha cusub. Sannadkii 1936-kii, waxaa la soo gebagebeeyey heshiiskii Anglo-Masar , waxaana ciidamadii Ingiriisku ka baxay Masar, marka laga reebo kanaalka Suweys. Heshiisku ma xallin su'aasha Suudaan , taas oo, iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha Anglo-Masar Condominium Agreement ee 1899, oo dhigaya in Sudan ay si wadajir ah u maamulaan Masar iyo Ingiriiska, laakiin awoodda dhabta ah ay ku sii jirto gacanta Ingiriiska. 
Britain waxay Masar u adeegsatay inay saldhig u noqoto hawlgallada Isbahaysiga ee gobolka oo dhan,  gaar ahaan dagaalladii Waqooyiga Afrika ee Talyaaniga iyo Jarmalka. Mudnaanteeda ugu sareysa waxay ahayd gacan ku haynta Bariga Mediterranean-ka, iyo gaar ahaan in Suez Canal ay u furan tahay maraakiibta ganacsiga iyo xiriirka militari ee Hindiya iyo Australia. Markii dagaalku bilaabmay Sebtembar 1939, Masar waxay ku dhawaaqday sharciga dagaalka waxayna goysay xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ee Jarmalka. Waxay xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed u jartay Talyaaniga 1940-kii, balse waligiis dagaal kuma dhawaaqin, xitaa markii ay ciidamada Talyaanigu soo galeen Masar. Ciidanka Masar wax dagaal ah may samayn. Bishii Juun 1940-kii Boqorku wuxuu shaqada ka eryay Ra'iisul Wasaarihii Aly Maher, kaasoo si liidata ula qabsaday Ingiriiska. Xukuumad cusub oo isbahaysi ah ayaa la dhisay iyadoo ra'iisul wasaare laga dhigay Xasan Pasha Sabri oo madax-bannaan.
Ka dib qalalaasihii wasiirnimo ee Febraayo 1942, danjire Sir Miles Lampson , wuxuu ku cadaadiyay Farook in la helo dawlad Wafd ama Wafd-isbahaysi ah oo beddela xukuumaddii Hussein Sirri Pasha . Habeenimadii 4-tii Febraayo 1942-kii, ciidamada Ingiriiska iyo taangiyada ayaa ku hareeraysan qasriga Abdeen ee Qaahira, Lampsonna wuxuu u bandhigay Farouk amar kama-dambays ah . Faaruuq wuu ka hadlay, Nahhasna wax yar ka dib wuxuu soo dhisay dowlad.
Sannadkii 1947-kii, inta badan ciidamadii Ingiriiska waxaa loo daadgureeyay aagga kanaalka Suweys, inkastoo ciidanka Ingiriisku ay saldhig ciidan ku lahaayeen aaggaas. Dareenka wadaninimo, ee ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska ayaa sii waday inay koraan dagaalka ka dib. Dareenka boqortooyo-diidka ayaa sii kordhay ka dib wax-qabadkii foosha xumaa ee Boqortooyada ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Carabta iyo Israa’iil . Doorashadii 1950-kii waxa si weyn ugu guulaystay xisbigii wadaniga ahaa ee Wafd , Boqorkuna waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in uu Mostafa El-Nahas u magacaabo raysal wasaare cusub. Sannadkii 1951kii, Masar waxay ka baxday heshiiskii Anglo-Masar ee 1936 waxayna ku amartay dhammaan ciidamadii Ingiriiska ee hadhay inay ka baxaan kanaalka Suweys.
Markii Ingiriisku diiday in uu ka baxo saldhiga ay ku leeyihiin agagaarka kanaalka Suweys, dawladda Masar ayaa jartay biyihii, diidayna in cuntada la galiyo saldhiga Kanaalka Suweys, waxa ay ku dhawaaqday in ay qaadacday badeecooyinka Ingiriiska, shaqaalaha Masaaridana ka mamnuucday in ay gudaha u galaan saldhigga, isla markaana ay kafaalo qaadaan weerarada jabhadaha. 24-kii Janaayo 1952, Jabhadda Masaarida ayaa weerar xooggan ku qaaday ciidamadii Ingiriiska ee ku sugnaa agagaarka kanaalka Suweys, xilligaasi oo la arkayay ciidamada Booliiska Masar oo gacan siinaya jabhadda.
Isagoo ka jawaabaya, 25kii Janaayo, General George Erskine wuxuu diray taangiyo British ah iyo ciidan lug ah si ay u hareereeyaan saldhigga bilayska ee Ismailia. Taliyaha bilayska ayaa u yeedhay Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha, Fouad Serageddin , oo ah gacanta midig ee Nahas, si uu u waydiiyo haddii uu isa soo dhiibo ama uu dagaalamo. Serageddin waxa uu ku amray booliiska in ay la dagaalamaan &quot;ilaa ninka ugu dambeeya iyo xabbada u dambaysa&quot;. Dagaalkan ayaa la sheegay in lagu dilay 43 askari oo ka tirsan ciidamada Biritishka iyo 3 askari oo ka tirsan ciidamada Biritishka. 
Dhacdadii Ismaaciiliya waxay aad uga cadhaysiisay Masar. Maalintii xigtay, 26 Janaayo 1952 waxay ahayd &quot;Sabti madow&quot; , sida loo yaqaanay rabshadihii ka dhanka ahaa Ingiriiska, kaas oo arkay in badan oo ka mid ah faras-magaalaha Qaahira kaas oo Khedive Ismail the Magnificent uu dib u dhisay qaabkii Paris, gubtay. Faaruuq wuxuu ku eedeeyay Wafd inay ka dambeeyeen rabshadihii Sabtidii Madow, wuxuuna Nahas ka ceyriyay ra'iisul wasaare maalintii xigtay. Waxaa lagu bedelay Aly Maher Pasha . 
22-23 Luulyo 1952, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Saraakiisha Xorta ah , oo ay hogaaminayaan Muxammad Naguib iyo Gamal Abdel Nasser , ayaa bilaabay inqilaab ( Kacaankii Masar ee 1952 ) oo ka dhan ahaa boqorka. Faaruuq I ayaa carshiga ka qaaday wiilkiisa Fouad II , kaas oo ahaa, wakhtigaas, ilmo todoba bilood jir ah. Qoyska boqortooyada ayaa maalmo ka dib ka ambabaxay Masar, waxaana la sameeyay Golaha Boqortooyada, oo uu hoggaamiyo Amiir Muhammad Abdel Moneim . Goluhu waxa uu haystay awood magac-u-yaal oo keliya, awoodda dhabta ahna waxa ay ku jirtay gacanta Golaha Taliskii Kacaanka , oo ay hoggaaminayeen Naguib iyo Naasir. Rajada caanka ah ee dib-u-habaynta degdegga ah ayaa horseeday rabshadihii shaqaalaha ee Kafr Dawar 12 Agoosto 1952. Ka dib tijaabo gaaban oo lagu sameeyay xukunka madaniga ah, Saraakiisha Xorta ah waxay baabi'iyeen Boqortooyada iyo dastuurkii 1923 waxayna ku dhawaaqeen Masar Jamhuuriyad 18 June 1953. Naguib ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay madaxweyne, halka Nasser loo magacaabay ra'iisul wasaare.
===Masar oo Jamhuuri ah oo hoos imanaysa Nasser (1952-1970)===
Kadib kacdoonkii 1952 ee dhaqdhaqaaqa saraakiisha xorta ah , xukunka Masar wuxuu u wareegay gacan militari waxaana la mamnuucay dhammaan xisbiyada siyaasadeed. 18-kii Juun 1953-kii, Jamhuuriyadda Masar ayaa lagu dhawaaqay, iyadoo General Muhammad Naguib uu ahaa Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jamhuuriyadda, isagoo xilkaas hayay wax yar ka yar hal sano iyo bar. Jamhuuriyadda Masar (1953-1958) ayaa lagu dhawaaqay.
[[File:Nasser_in_Mansoura,_1960.jpg|thumb|Madaxweynihii Masar Gamal Abdel Nasser ee Mansoura, 1960kii]]
Naguib waxaa lagu qasbay inuu is casilo 1954-tii Gamal Abdel Nasser  - Pan-Arabist iyo naqshadihii dhabta ahaa ee dhaqdhaqaaqa 1952 - ka dibna waxaa lagu riday xabsi guri . Iscasilaadii Naguib ka dib, jagada madaxweynanimo waxay banaanaatay ilaa laga soo dooranayo Naasir 1956. Bishii Oktoobar 1954, Masar iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska waxay ku heshiiyeen in la baabi'iyo heshiiskii Anglo-Masar ee Condominium ee 1899 iyo in Suudaan la siiyo madaxbannaani; heshiisku wuxuu dhaqan galay 1dii Janaayo 1956kii.
Naasir waxa uu xilka madaxweynenimo la wareegay bishii June 1956 waxa uuna bilaabay in uu xukumo taariikhda Masar casriga ah . Ciidamada Ingriisku waxay dhammeeyeen ka bixitaankoodii ay ka baxeen Suweys Canal Zone 13 June 1956. Wuxuu qarameeyay kanaalka Suweys 26 Luulyo 1956; Qaabka cadawtinimada leh ee uu u wajahay Israa’iil iyo waddaniyad dhaqaale ayaa kicisay bilawgii dagaalkii labaad ee Carabta iyo Israa’iil (Xiisadda Suweys), kaas oo Israa’iil (oo taageero ka helaysa Faransiiska iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska) ay qabsatay gacanka Sinai iyo kanaalka. Dagaalku wuxuu soo afjarmay sababtoo ah US iyo USSR faragelin diblomaasiyadeed iyo xaaladdii hore ayaa dib loo soo celiyay.
[[File:Port_Said_from_air.jpg|thumb|Qiiqa ayaa ka kacay haamaha saliidda ee ku ag yaal Kanaalka Suweys ku dhuftay intii lagu jiray weerarkii ugu horreeyay ee Anglo-Faransiiska Masar, 5tii Noofambar 1956.]]
Sannadkii 1958kii, Masar iyo Suuriya waxay samaysteen midow madax-bannaan oo loo yaqaan Jamhuuriyaddii Carabtu . Midawgu waxa uu ahaa mid muddo kooban socday,waxana uu dhamaaday 1961 markii ay Suuriya ka go’day. Inta lagu guda jiro inta badan jiritaankeeda, Jamhuriyadda Carabtu waxay sidoo kale ku jirtay isbahaysi dabacsan oo ay la lahayd Waqooyiga Yemen (ama Boqortooyada Mutawakkilite ee Yemen), oo loo yaqaan United Arab State . Horraantii 1960-meeyadii, Masar waxa ay si buuxda uga qayb qaadatay dagaalka sokeeye ee Waqooyiga Yemen . Inkastoo dhowr dhaq-dhaqaaq ciidan iyo shirar nabadeed, haddana dagaalku wuxuu noqday mid is-mariwaa ah. 
Badhtamihii May 1967kii, Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu soo saaray digniino Naasir ku wajahan weerar ay Israa'iil ku hayso Suuriya. In kasta oo madaxa shaqaalaha Mohamed Fawzi uu ku caddeeyey inay yihiin &quot;aan sal iyo raad lahayn&quot;,  Naasir wuxuu qaaday saddex tallaabo oo isku xigta oo dagaalka ka dhigay mid lama huraan ah: 14kii May wuxuu ciidamadiisa geeyay Sinai oo u dhow xudduudda Israa'iil, 19-kii May wuxuu eryay nabad-ilaaliyeyaashii Qaramada Midoobay ee fadhigoodu ahaa xudduudda Sinai Peninsula ee Israa'iil, wuxuuna xiray 23 May ee Shiicada Israel. On 26 May Nasser wuxuu ku dhawaaqay, &quot;Dagaalku wuxuu noqon doonaa mid guud, ujeedadayada aasaasiga ahna waxay noqon doontaa inaan burburino Israa'iil&quot;. 
Taasi waxay soo dedejisay bilawgii dagaalkii saddexaad ee Carabta Israa’iil (Dagaalka Lixda Maalmood) ee Israa’iil ay ku weerartay Masar, kuna qabsatay Gacanka Siinaay iyo Marinka Qaza , oo Masar ay qabsatay tan iyo dagaalkii Carabta iyo Israa’iil ee 1948-kii . Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii 1967, waxaa la sameeyay sharciga degdega ah , wuxuuna jiray ilaa 2012, marka laga reebo fasax 18 bilood ah 1980/81. Sida uu qabo sharcigan, awoodda booliiska ayaa la kordhiyay, xuquuqaha dastuuriga ah ayaa la laalay, faafreebna waa la sharciyeeyay. Waqtigii dhicistii Boqortooyada Masar horaantii 1950-meeyadii, in ka yar nus milyan Masaari ah ayaa loo tixgeliyey dabaqadda sare iyo hodan, afar milyan oo dabaqadda dhexe ah iyo 17 milyan oo dabaq hoose ah iyo sabool. 
In ka yar kala bar dhammaan carruurta da'da dugsiga hoose ayaa dhiganayay dugsiga, intooda badan waxay ahaayeen wiilal. Siyaasadaha Naasir ayaa tan bedelay. Dib-u-habaynta iyo qaybinta dhulka, kobaca weyn ee waxbarashada jaamacadda, iyo taageerada dawladda ee warshadaha qaranka waxay si weyn u wanaajiyeen isu socodka bulshada waxayna hoos u dhigtay qalooca bulshada. Laga soo bilaabo sannad dugsiyeedkii 1953-54 ilaa 1965-66, guud ahaan is-diiwaangelinta dugsiyada dadwaynaha in ka badan labanlaabmay. Malaayiin masaari ah oo hore u faqiir ahaa, waxbarasho iyo shaqooyin ay ka heleen qaybaha bulshada, ayaa ku biiray dabaqadda dhexe. Dhakhaatiir, injineero, macalimiin, qareenno, saxafiyiin, ayaa ka kooban inta ugu badan ee bararka dabaqadda dhexe ee Masar ee Naasir. Intii lagu guda jiray 1960-meeyadii, dhaqaalaha Masar wuxuu ka socday gaabis ilaa qarka u saaran inuu burburo, bulshadu waxay noqotay mid xor ah, rafcaankii Nasserna aad buu u yaraaday. 
===Masar oo ay xukumayeen Saadaat iyo Mubarak (1971-2011)===
[[File:Egyptian_Armor.jpg|thumb|Taangiyada Masar oo ku sii socda saxaraha Siinay intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Yom Kippur , 1973]]
[[File:Begin,_Carter_and_Sadat_at_Camp_David_1978.jpg|thumb|U dabaal degaya saxiixii 1978dii Heshiiskii Camp David : Menachem Begin , Jimmy Carter , Anwar Sadat]]
Sannadkii 1970-kii, Madaxweyne Naasir wuu dhintay, waxaana xilka kala wareegay Anwar Sadat . Muddadii uu jiray , Sadat waxa uu Masar ka beddelay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti una beddelay Maraykanka, isaga oo eryay la-taliyayaashii Soofiyeedka 1972. Masar waxa loo beddelay Jamhuuriyadda Carabta ee Masar 1971. Sadat waxa uu bilaabay siyaasadda dib-u-habaynta dhaqaalaha Infitah , isaga oo hoos u dhigaya mucaaradka diimeed iyo kuwa cilmaaniga ah. Sannadkii 1973-kii, Masar, oo ay weheliso Suuriya, waxay bilaabeen dagaalkii afraad ee Carabta iyo Israa'iil (Yom Kippur War), weerar lama filaan ah oo ay dib ugu soo ceshadeen qayb ka mid ah dhulka Siinay oo ay Israa'iil qabsatay lix sano ka hor. 1975, Sadat waxa uu bedelay siyaasadii dhaqaale ee Naasir waxa uuna damcay in uu isticmaalo caannimadiisa si uu u dhimo qawaaniinta dawlada una dhiiri galiyo maalgashiga shisheeye isagoo adeegsanaya barnaamijkiisii ​​Infitah. Iyadoo loo marayo siyaasaddan, dhiirigelinta sida canshuur dhimista iyo canshuuraha soo dejinta ayaa soo jiitay maalgashadayaasha qaarkood, laakiin maalgelinta ayaa inta badan lagu jiheeyay khatar yar iyo ganacsiyo faa'iido leh sida dalxiiska iyo dhismaha, oo laga tagayo warshadaha dhallaanka Masar. 
Sababtoo ah baabi'inta kabidda cuntada aasaasiga ah, waxay keentay rabshadihii rootiga ee Masar 1977 . Sadat waxa uu booqasho taariikhi ah ku tagay Qudus 1977-kii , taas oo horseedday 1979kii Masar iyo Israa’iil axdi nabadeed oo ay Israa’iil uga baxday Siinay. Taa beddelkeeda, Masar waxay u aqoonsatay Israa'iil inay tahay waddan madaxbannaan oo sharci ah. Hindisaha Saadaat waxa uu ka dhaliyay khilaaf aad u weyn wadamada Carabta ,waxana uu horseeday in Masar laga saaro ururka Jaamacadda Carabta ,balse waxaa taageeray inta badan Masaarida.  Sadat waxa dilay xagjir Islaami ah bishii Oktoobar 1981kii.
[[File:Hosni_Mubarak_-_Official_Photo.JPG|thumb|Xusni Mubaarak -Madaxweynihii Masar ee 1981 ilaa 2011]]
Xusni Mubaarak ayaa xukunka qabtay kadib markii la dilay Saadaat oo afti loo qaaday oo uu ahaa musharaxa kaliya. Wuxuu noqday hogaamiye kale oo taariikhda Masar maamula . Xusni Mubaarak waxa uu dib u xaqiijiyay xidhiidhka Masar iyo Israa’iil uu weli qaboojiyay xiisadda kala dhaxaysa dalalka Carabta ee deriska la ah Masar. Gudaha, Mubarak waxa uu la kulmay dhibaatooyin halis ah. Saboolnimo baahsan iyo shaqo la'aan ayaa keentay in qoysaska reer miyiga ah ay u qulqulaan magaalooyinka sida Qaahira halkaas oo ay ku dhamaadeen xaafadaha isku raranta ah, iyaga oo si dirqi ah u maareynaya si ay u noolaadaan. 25kii Febraayo 1986 , Booliska Nabadsugida ayaa bilaabay rabshado, iyagoo ka soo horjeeda wararka sheegaya in muddo xileedkooda loogu kordhinayo saddex ilaa afar sano. Hoteelo, goobo lagu caweeyo, maqaayado iyo goobo casino ayaa lagu weeraray magaalada Qaahira, waxaana magaalooyinka kale ka dhacay rabshado. Bandow maalintii ah ayaa lagu soo rogay. Saddex maalmood ayay ciidanka ku qaadatay inuu soo celiyo nidaamka. 107 qof ayaa ku dhintay.
[[File:Cairo_north.JPG|thumb|Qaahira waxay noqotay magaalo weyn oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 22 milyan.]]
Sanadihii 1980-meeyadii, 1990-meeyadii, iyo 2000-meeyadii, weerarrada argagixisanimada ee Masar waxay noqdeen kuwo aad u badan oo daran, waxayna bilaabeen in la beegsado Copts Masiixiyiinta , dalxiisayaasha ajnabiga ah iyo saraakiisha dawladda. Sagaashameeyadii koox Islaami ah , Al-Gamaca al-Islamiyya , waxay ku hawlanayd olole fidsan oo fidsan, laga soo bilaabo dilalkii iyo isku daygii dil ee qorayaasha iyo aqoonyahannada caanka ah, ilaa la beegsado soo noqnoqda ee dalxiisayaasha iyo ajaanibka. Dhaawac culus ayaa loo geystay qaybta ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha Masar -dalxiiska -iyo dhinaca dawladda, laakiin sidoo kale waxay burburisay hab-nololeedyada dad badan oo ay kooxdu ku tiirsan tahay taageerada. 
Intii lagu jiray xukunkii Mubaarak, masraxa siyaasadda waxaa gacanta ku hayay Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Qaranka , kaas oo uu abuuray Sadat 1978. Waxa uu soo saaray 1993-kii Syndicates Law, 1995 Law Saxafada, iyo 1999kii sharciga ururada aan dawliga ahayn kaas oo curyaamiyay xoriyatul qawlka iyo xoriyatul qawlka iyadoo lagu soo rogay xeerar cusub iyo ciqaab adag oo ku saabsan xadgudubyada. Natiijo ahaan, dabayaaqadii 1990-meeyadii siyaasadda baarlamaanku waxay noqotay mid aan khusayn oo dariiqooyinkii kale ee lagu muujin lahaa siyaasadda ayaa sidoo kale la xaddiday.  Qaahira waxay ku kortay meel magaalo weyn ah oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 22 milyan.
17kii Noofambar 1997, 62 qof, oo u badnaa dalxiisayaal, ayaa lagu xasuuqay meel u dhow Luxor . Dabayaaqadii Febraayo 2005, Mubarak wuxuu ku dhawaaqay dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay sharciga doorashada madaxweynaha, taasoo u gogol xaareysa doorashada musharrixiinta badan markii ugu horreysay tan iyo dhaqdhaqaaqii 1952-kii .       Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sharciga cusub ayaa xaddiday musharixiinta, wuxuuna horseeday in Mubarak uu si fudud ugu guuleysto mar kale doorashada. Tirada codbixiyayaashu waxay ka yaraayeen 25%. Goob-joogayaasha doorashadu waxay kaloo ku eedeeyeen inay xukuumaddu faragelin ku hayso hannaanka doorashada. Doorashadii ka dib, Mubarak wuxuu xidhay Ayman Nour , oo ahaa kii labaad. 
Warbixinta Human Rights Watch ee 2006 ee Masar ayaa si faahfaahsan u faahfaahisay xadgudubyada xuquuqda bini'aadamka ee halista ah ee hoos yimaada xukunkii Mubaarak, oo ay ku jiraan jirdil joogto ah , xarig aan sabab lahayn iyo dacwado la horgeeyo maxkamadaha milatariga iyo kuwa dawladda. Sannadkii 2007, Amnesty International ayaa soo saartay warbixin ay ku sheegtay in Masar ay noqotay xarun caalami ah oo lagu jirdilo, halkaas oo waddamo kale ay u soo diraan tuhmanayaal su'aalo la waydiiyo, inta badan qayb ka ah dagaalka ka dhanka ah argagixisada . Wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee Masar ayaa si degdeg ah u soo saartay war-saxaafadeedkan.   Isbeddelka dastuuriga ah ee loo codeeyay 19-kii Maarso 2007 wuxuu mamnuucay xisbiyada inay diinta u adeegsadaan saldhig u ah dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed, waxay oggolaadeen diyaarinta sharciga cusub ee la-dagaallanka argagixisada, oggolaaday awood ballaaran oo bilays ah oo xarig iyo ilaalin ah, wuxuuna siiyay madaxweynaha awood uu ku kala diro baarlamaanka oo uu joojiyo la socodka doorashada garsoorka. Sannadkii 2009, Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki, Xoghayaha Warbaahinta ee Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Qaranka ( NDP ), ayaa Masar ku tilmaamay &quot; Nidaamka siyaasadeed&quot; fircooniga ah , iyo dimoqraadiyadda inay tahay &quot; hadaf mustaqbalka fog ah&quot;. Dessouki ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in &quot;xarunta dhabta ah ee awooda Masar ay tahay militariga&quot;.
===Kacaanka, qalalaasaha siyaasadeed iyo kala-guurka (2011- hadda)===
[[File:Tahrir_Square_on_February11.png|thumb|]]
[[File:TahrirSquareAgainstMorsi.jpg|thumb|Sare: Dabaaldegyo ka dhacay fagaaraha Taxriir kadib markii lagu dhawaaqay in Xusni Mubaarak uu xilka iska casilayo.
Gunta: Mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay fagaaraha Taxriir ee lagaga soo horjeedo madaxweyne Morsi 27kii Noofambar 2012.]]
25kii Janaayo 2011, waxaa billowday mudaaharaadyo ballaaran oo looga soo horjeedo dowladda Mubarak. 11kii Febraayo 2011, Mubaarik wuu iscasilay oo ka cararay Qaahira. Dabaaldegyo farxadeed ayaa ka dhacay fagaaraha Taxriir ee magaalada Qaahira warkaas. Milateriga Masar ayaa markaas la wareegay awoodda maamulka. Maxamed Xuseen Tantaawi , guddoomiyaha golaha sare ee ciidamada qalabka sida ayaa si ku meel gaar ah u noqday madaxa qaranka . 13kii Febraayo 2011, milatarigu waxay kala direen baarlamaanka waxayna laaleen dastuurkii. 
Afti dastuuri ah ayaa la qabtay 19-kii Maarso 2011.  28kii Noofambar 2011, Masar waxa ay qabatay doorashadii ugu horreysay ee baarlamaanka tan iyo markii taliskii hore uu xukunka hayay. Dadka u soo baxay doorashada ayaa ahaa kuwo aad u sarreeya mana jiraan warar sheegaya khaladaad weyn ama rabshado. 
Maxamed Mursi oo ka tirsanaa ururka Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Masar 24 June 2012 . 2dii Agoosto 2012, ra'iisul wasaaraha Masar Hisham Qandil ayaa ku dhawaaqay golahiisa wasiirada oo ka kooban 35 xubnood oo ka kooban 28 cusub, oo ay ku jiraan afar ka tirsan Ikhwaanul Muslimiin. Kooxaha liberaaliga iyo cilmaaniyiinta ayaa ka baxay golaha deegaanka sababtoo ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in ay soo rogi doonto dhaqamo Islaami ah oo adag, halka taageerayaasha Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka ay taageereen Morsi. 22kii Noofambar 2012, Madaxweyne Morsi waxa uu soo saaray bayaan ku meel gaar ah oo uu kaga hortagayo go'aamadii uu soo saaray oo uu ku doonayay in uu ilaaliyo shaqada golaha deegaanka. 
Talaabadan ayaa horseeday mudaaharaadyo waaweyn iyo falal rabshado wata oo Masar oo dhan ka dhacay. 5tii Diseembar 2012, tobanaan kun oo qof oo taageersan iyo kuwa ka soo horjeeday Madaxweyne Morsi ayaa isku dhacay, dagaalkaas oo lagu tilmaamay inuu ahaa dagaalkii ugu ba'naa ee dhexmara Islaamiyiinta iyo cadawgooda tan iyo kacaankii dalka. Mohamed Morsi wuxuu soo bandhigay &quot;wadahadal qaran&quot; oo uu la yeesho hogaamiyayaasha mucaaradka laakiin wuxuu diiday inuu joojiyo aftidii dastuuriga ahayd ee December 2012 . 3 Luulyo 2013, ka dib mowjad dadwayne oo ka xumaaday xad-gudubyada ismaamulka ah ee dawladdii Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka ee Morsi ,  militariga ayaa Morsi ka xayuubiyay xafiiska, kala diray Golaha Shuurada waxayna soo saareen dawlad ku meel gaar ah. 
4-tii Luulyo 2013, 68-sano jir ah Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Dastuuriga ah ee Masar Adly Mansour ayaa loo dhaariyay inuu noqdo ku-simaha madaxweynaha dowladda cusub kaddib markii xilka laga tuuray Morsi.  Maamulka cusub ee Masar ayaa gacan bir ah ku qabtay ururka Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka iyo taageerayaashiisa, iyagoo xabsiga u taxaabay kumannaan qof, waxayna xoog ku kala eryeen mudaaharaadyadii taageersanaa Mursi iyo Ikhwaanka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah hogaamiyayaasha Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha ayaa midkood lagu xukumay dil ama xabsi daa'in maxkamado wadareedyo xiriir ah. 18kii Jannaayo 2014, dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah waxay dejisay dastuur cusub ka dib afti ay ku ansixiyeen aqlabiyad aqlabiyad ah oo codbixiyayaashu (98.1%). 38.6% codbixiyeyaashii diwaan gashanaa ayaa ka qaybqaatay aftida tiro ka badan 33% ee u codeeyay afti intii uu xilka hayay Morsi. 
Doorashadii bishii Juun 2014, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi ayaa ku guuleystay boqolkiiba 96.1%.  8dii Juun 2014, Abdel Fatah el-Sisi ayaa si rasmi ah loogu dhaariyay inuu noqdo madaxweynaha cusub ee Masar.  Madaxweyne el-Sisi, Masar waxay hirgelisay siyaasad adag oo lagu xakameynayo xadka marinka Qaza, oo ay ku jirto burburinta tunnelyada u dhexeeya marinka Gaza iyo Siinay.  Bishii Abriil 2018, El-Sisi ayaa mar labaad lagu doortay cod aqlabiyad ah doorashada iyada oo aysan jirin mucaarad dhab ah. Bishii Abriil 2019, baarlamaanka Masar ayaa kordhiyey muddada madaxweynenimada oo ahayd afar ilaa lix sano. Madaxweyne Abdel Fattah al-Sisi ayaa sidoo kale loo oggolaaday inuu mar saddexaad u tartamo doorashada soo socota ee 2024. 
Xilligii El-Sisi Masar ayaa la sheegay in ay dib ugu soo laabatay kali talisnimo. Dib-u-habeyn cusub oo dastuuri ah ayaa la hirgeliyay, taasoo macnaheedu yahay in la xoojinayo doorka militariga iyo xaddididda mucaaradka siyaasadeed. Isbeddellada dastuuriga ah ayaa lagu aqbalay afti bishii Abriil 2019.  Bishii Diseembar 2020, natiijooyinka kama dambaysta ah ee doorashada baarlamaanka ayaa xaqiijiyay aqlabiyad cad oo ah kuraasta Masar ee Mostaqbal Watan ( Mustaqbalka Qaranka ) Xisbiga, oo si weyn u taageersan madaxweyne El-Sisi. Xisbigu xitaa wuxuu kordhiyey aqlabiyadiisa, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah xeerarka cusub ee doorashada. 
==Juqraafiga==
[[File:Egypt_Topography.png|thumb|Muuqaalka Masar]]
Masar waxay u dhaxaysaa loolka 22° iyo 32°N , iyo longitudes 25° iyo 35°E . 1,001,450 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (386,660 sq mi), waa dalka 30-aad ee ugu wayn aduunka. Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay oomanaha aadka u daran ee cimilada Masar, xarumaha dadku waxay ku urursan yihiin dooxada Niilka cidhiidhiga ah iyo Delta, taasoo la micno ah in qiyaastii 99% dadku ay isticmaalaan qiyaastii 5.5% guud ahaan bedka dhulka. 98% Masaarida waxay ku nool yihiin 3% dhulka.
[[File:Sand_Dunes_(Qattara_Depression).jpg|thumb|Niyad -jabka Qattara ee waqooyiga galbeed ee Masar]]
Masar waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Liibiya dhanka galbeed, koonfurta Sudan, iyo marinka Qaza iyo Israel oo bari ah. Waddan ka gudba qaaradaha , waxay leedahay buundada dhulka (Isthmus of Suez) ee u dhaxaysa Afrika iyo Aasiya, oo ay maraan marin-biyoodka la maraayo ( Suez Canal ) oo isku xidha Badda Mediterranean-ka iyo Badweynta Hindiya ee marinka Badda Cas.
Marka laga yimaaddo dooxada Niil, dhulka Masar intiisa badan waa saxare, oo ay ku yaalliin dhawr doog oo kala firidhsan. Dabayshu waxay abuurtaa dunyo ciid ah oo aad u sarreeya oo sarreeya in ka badan 30 mitir (100 ft). Masar waxa ku jira qaybo ka mid ah saxaraha Saxaraha iyo saxaraha Liibiya .
Jasiiradda Siinaay waxay martigelisaa buurta ugu sarreysa Masar, Mount Catherine oo dhererkeedu yahay 2,642 mitir. Badda Cas Riviera , oo ku taal bariga jasiiradda, ayaa caan ku ah hodantinimada reefs-ka iyo nolosha badda.
Magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah Alexandria , magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn; Aswaan ; Asyut ; Qaahira , caasimadda casriga ah ee Masar iyo magaalada ugu weyn; El Mahalla El Kubra ; Giza , goobta Ahraamta Khufu; Hurghada ; Luxor ; Kom Ombo ; Dekedda Safaga ; Dekedda ayaa tidhi ; Sharm El Sheikh ; Suez , halkaas oo ay ku taal cidhifka koonfureed ee Kanaalka Suweys; Zagazig ; iyo Minya . Dhul-badeedka waxaa ka mid ah Bahariya , Dakhla , Farafra , Kharga iyo Siwa . Ilaaliyeyaasha waxaa ka mid ah Beerta Qaranka ee Ras Mohamed, Protectorate Zaranik iyo Siwa.
13-kii Maarso 2015, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay qorshe la soo jeediyay caasimadda cusub ee Masar
===Cimilada===
[[File:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Africa-Egypt--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|thumb|Sawirka kororka heerkulka Masar ee saacadaha dheeraadka ah]]
Inta badan roobabka Masar ayaa da'a bilaha jiilaalka.  Koonfurta Qaahira, celceliska roobabku waxay ku dhow yihiin kaliya 2 ilaa 5 mm (0.1 ilaa 0.2 in) sannadkii iyo inta u dhaxaysa sannado badan. Meel aad u khafiif ah oo xeebta waqooyi ah roobabku waxay noqon karaan ilaa 410 mm (16.1 in), badiyaa inta u dhaxaysa Oktoobar iyo Maarso. Barafka ayaa ku da'a buuraha Sinai iyo qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka waqooyi ee xeebaha sida Damietta , Baltim iyo Sidi Barrani , marar dhif ahna Alexandria. Baraf aad u yar ayaa ka da'ay Qaahira 13-kii December 2013, waana markii ugu horreysay muddo tobanaan sano ah. Barafka waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan badhtamaha Siinay iyo badhtamaha Masar.
Masar waxay leedahay cimilo kuleyl, qorrax leh iyo qallayl aan caadi ahayn. Celcelis ahaan heerkulka sare ayaa sarreeya waqooyiga laakiin aad iyo aad ayuu u sarreeyaa inta kale ee dalka inta lagu jiro xagaaga. Dabaylaha qaboobaha ee Mediterranean-ka ayaa si joogto ah uga dhaca xeebta woqooyiga badda, taas oo ka caawisa in la helo heerkul dhexdhexaad ah, gaar ahaan wakhtiga ugu sarreeya ee xilliga xagaaga. Khamaseen waa dabayl kulul oo qalalan oo ka timaada saxaraha baaxadda leh ee koonfurta , waxayna dhacdaa guga ama horraanta xagaaga. Waxay keentaa ciid kulul iyo qaybo boodh ah, waxayna badanaa keentaa heerkul maalintii ka sarreeya 40 ° C (104 ° F) iyo mararka qaarkood in ka badan 50 ° C (122 ° F) gudaha gudaha, halka qoyaanka qaraabada ah uu hoos ugu dhici karo 5% ama xitaa ka yar.
Kahor inta aan la dhisin biyo xidheenka Aswan , wabiga Niil ayaa sanad walba fatahay, isaga oo buuxiya ciidda Masar. Tani waxay Masar siisay goos goos joogto ah sannadaha oo dhan.
Cimilada kulul iyo qalalan ee Masar ayaa waxaa sii kordheysa cidhiidhiga cimilada, taasoo keentay heerkul aad u daran, abaaro, fatahaado, iyo sare u kaca heerka badda.      Sida waddan aad u nugul, isbeddelladan deegaanku waxay khatar gelinayaan sugnaanta cuntada, helitaanka biyaha, caafimaadka bulshada, iyo xasilloonida dhaqaalaha.
===Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha===
[[File:Eastern_Imperial_Eagle_cr.jpg|thumb|Eagle Imperial Bari waa xayawaanka qaranka Masar.]]
Masar waxa ay saxiixday Rio Convention on Diversity Biological on 9 June 1992 , waxayna noqotay qayb ka mid ah shirweynihii 2 June 1994 . iyo dhirta, 
Qorshuhu wuxuu sheegay in tiradan soo socota ee noocyada kooxaha kala duwan laga diiwaan geliyay Masar: algae (1483 nooc), xayawaanka (qiyaastii 15,000 nooc oo ka badan 10,000 oo cayayaan ah), fangaska (in ka badan noocyada 627), monera (319 nooc), dhirta (2426 nooc), protozoans (371 nooc). Qaar ka mid ah kooxaha waaweyn, tusaale ahaan fungus-sameeya lichen iyo gooryaanka nematode, tirada lama aqoon. Marka laga reebo kooxaha yaryar iyo kuwa si wanaagsan loo bartay sida amphibians, shimbiraha, kalluunka, naasleyda iyo xamaaratada, tirada badan ee tirooyinkaas waxay u badan tahay inay kordhiyaan maadaama noocyo kale oo dheeraad ah laga diiwaan geliyay Masar. Wixii fangaska, oo ay ku jiraan noocyada lichen-samaynta, tusaale ahaan, shaqada ku xigtay ayaa muujisay in in ka badan 2200 nooc ayaa laga diiwaan geliyey Masar, iyo tirada kama dambaysta ah ee dhammaan fangaska dhab ahaantii ka dhacaya dalka ayaa la filayaa in ay aad u badan. Cawska, 284 nooc oo dhalasho iyo mid dabiici ah ayaa lagu aqoonsaday oo lagu duubay Masar.
==Dowladda==
[[File:AbdelFattah_Elsisi_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Abdel Fattah el-Sisi waa madaxweynaha hadda ee Masar .]]
Golaha Wakiilada , oo xubnahooda loo doorto inay xilka hayaan shan sano, waxay ku takhasusaan sharciyada. Doorashooyinka waxa la qabtay intii u dhaxaysay November 2011 iyo January 2012 , kuwaas oo markii dambe la kala diray.
Ka dib mowjad diidmo ah oo ay dadweynuhu ka qaadeen dawladda Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka ee Madaxweyne Maxamed Mursi , 3dii Luulyo 2013 markaas Janaraal Abdel Fattah el-Sisi wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in Morsi xilka laga qaaday iyo in la laalo dastuurka . Guddiga dastuurka oo ka kooban 50 xubnood ayaa la sameeyay si ay wax uga bedelaan dastuurka , kaasoo markii dambe loo daabacay codeynta dadweynaha waxaana la ansixiyay 18kii Janaayo 2014. 
Doorashada soo socota ee baarlamaanka ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in la qabto 6 bilood gudahood marka dastuurka la ansixiyo 18 Janaayo 2014, waxaana la qabtay laba weji, 17 Oktoobar ilaa 2 December 2015. Markii hore, baarlamaanka ayaa la dhisay ka hor inta aan la dooran madaxweynaha, laakiin madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah Adly Mansour ayaa riixay taariikhda.  Doorashadii madaxtinimada Masar ee 2014 waxay dhacday 26-28 May. Tirokoobyada rasmiga ah ayaa muujinaya in ay u soo baxeen 25,578,233 ama 47.5%, iyadoo Abdel Fattah el-Sisi uu ku guuleystay 23.78 milyan oo cod, ama 96.9% marka la barbardhigo 757,511 (3.1%) Hamdeen Sabahi . 
2024, iyada oo qayb ka ah warbixinteeda Xorriyadda Adduunka , Freedom House ayaa ku qiimeysay xuquuqda siyaasadeed ee Masar 6 (iyadoo 40 ay ka dhigan tahay kuwa ugu xorta ah iyo 0 ugu yar), iyo xorriyadda madaniga ah ee 12 (iyadoo 60 ay tahay dhibcaha ugu sarreeya iyo 0 ugu hooseeya), taas oo siisay qiimeynta xorriyadda &quot;Xornimada Maaha&quot;.Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tusaha Masar waa dalka sideedaad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Daabacaadda 2023 ee Tusaha Dimuqraadiyadda Dhaqaale-yahanku waxa uu Masar u kala saarayaa &quot;maamul ka amar-qaata&quot;, oo leh dhibco dhan 2.93.
Masar waxay leedahay dhaqanka baarlamaanka ee joogtada ah ee ugu da'da weyn dunida Carabta. Shirkii ugu horreeyay ee caanka ah waxaa la aasaasay 1866. Waxaa la kala diray natiijadii gumeysigii Ingiriiska ee 1882-kii, Ingiriisku wuxuu oggolaaday oo keliya hay'ad la-tashi ah inay fadhiisato. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 1923, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqay madax-bannaanida dalka, dastuur cusub ayaa qeexaya boqortooyada baarlamaanka. 
===xiriirka dibadda===
[[File:Hosni_Mubarak_with_George_W._Bush.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Sisi_and_Putin_meeting_on_16_August_2014_(1).jpg|thumb|Sare: Madaxweynihii hore ee Xusni Mubaarak iyo Madaxweynihii hore ee Maraykanka George W. Bush oo ku sugnaa Camp David 2002.
Gunta: Madaxweyne Abdel Fattah el-Sisi iyo Madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin ee Sochi, Agoosto 2014.]]
Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Masar waxa qaabeeya mawqifkeeda istaraatiijiyadeed ee juqraafiyeed, dhaxalka taariikheed, iyo saamaynta diblomaasiyadeed ee Afrika, badda Mediterranean-ka, iyo Koonfur-galbeed ee Aasiya. Sida xubin aasaasi ah oo ka mid ah Dhaqdhaqaaqa Aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Qaramada Midoobay, Masar waxay sii waday mawqif aan daacad ahayn iyada oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraysa diblomaasiyadda gobolka. Qaahira, oo taariikh ahaan ah isgoysyada ganacsiga iyo dhaqanka, ayaa weli ah xarunta saamaynta maskaxeed iyo siyaasadeed ee gobolka.
Maraykanku waxa uu ahaa saaxiibka muhiimka ah, isaga oo Masar siinaya US $ 1.3 bilyan oo gargaar milatari sannadkii 2015 . Xiligii madaxweyne Donald Trump , xiriirku wuu soo fiicnaaday, booqashadii Abdel Fattah el-Sisi ee 2017 ee Aqalka Cad ayaa noqoneysa tii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne Masar uu ku tago siddeed sano. 
Xidhiidhka Ruushka ayaa sii xoogaystay ka dib markii Morsi xilka laga tuuray, iyadoo labada dal ay balaadhiyeen iskaashiga milatari  iyo xidhiidhka ganacsi. Sidoo kale, xiriirka Shiinaha ayaa sii qoto dheereeyay, isaga oo ku dhameeyay sameynta &quot;iskaashi istaraatiijiyadeed oo dhamaystiran&quot; 2014. 
2024 Masar iyo Midowga Yurub waxay sare u qaadeen xidhiidhkooda &quot;iskaashi istiraatijiyadeed oo dhamaystiran&quot;, iyagoo xoogga saaraya iskaashiga siyaasadeed, iyo iskaashiga dhaqaalaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, labada dhinacba waxay ka shaqeynayaan sii xoojinta xiriirka ganacsiga ee hoos yimaada Heshiiska Ururka, taageeridda xasilloonida dhaqaale ee Masar, iyo xoojinta dadaallada ka hortagga argagixisada. 
Masar ayaa weli ah dhexdhexaadiyaha saamaynta leh ee isku dhacyada Bariga Dhexe, gaar ahaan dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta Gaza iyo fududaynta geeddi-socodka nabadda ee Israel iyo Falastiin . Sidoo kale waa dal xubin ka ah Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta , oo martigelinaya xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta ee Qaahira. Jaamacadda Carabta waxay si ku meel gaar ah ugu guurtay Tunis sannadkii 1978-kii iyagoo ka soo horjeeda heshiiskii Masar iyo Israa'iil ee nabadda , laakiin waxay ku soo noqdeen Qaahira 1989. Masar waxay sidoo kale xiriir dhaqaale oo xooggan la sameysatay waddamada Khaliijka sida Sacuudi Carabiya iyo Imaaraadka Carabta , labaduba waxay bixiyeen balaayiin doolar oo kaalmo dhaqaale ah. 
===Milatari===
[[File:Defense.gov_photo_essay_090421-N-0696M-106.jpg|thumb|Askarta ilaalada sharafta Masar]]
Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Masar waxay ka kooban yihiin aasaaska militariga Masar, oo ka kooban Ciidanka Masar , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , iyo Ciidamada Difaaca Cirka ee hoos yimaada kormeerka tooska ah ee Madaxa Shaqaalaha, oo xaruntoodu tahay Xarunta Taliska Istiraatiijiga ah ee Gobolka , oo loo yaqaan Octagon, oo ku taal caasimadda cusub ee maamulka . Milatarigu waxa uu inta badan kormeeraa difaaca dibadda laakiin waxa uu sidoo kale ka ciyaaraa door gudaha ah, isaga oo ka caawinaya booliiska ilaalinta kaabayaasha muhiimka ah inta lagu jiro xaaladaha degdegga ah iyo hawlgallada ka hortagga argagixisada.  Waxay sidoo kale ka qaybqaataan hawlgallada nabad ilaalinta ee ajnabiga ah waxayna galaan dhoolatus ciidan oo laba geesood ah iyo kuwa caalami ah. 
Milatarigu waxa uu leeyahay saamayn siyaasadeed oo mug leh, isaga oo si madaxbanaan u shaqaynaya oo ka hadhay sharciyo badan oo rayid ah.  Tiro aad u badan oo xog ciidan ah laguma soo bandhigo si guud, oo ay ku jiraan xogta miisaaniyadda, magacyada saraakiisha guud iyo cabbirka ciidanka (taas oo loo arko sirta dawladda). 
Intaa waxaa dheer, ciidanku waa darawalka ugu weyn ee muuqaalka dhaqaalaha Masar, ku hawlan horumarinta kaabayaasha, wax soo saarka alaabta macaamiisha, iyo hantida maguurtada ah iyada oo loo marayo Ururka Mashaariicda Adeegga Qaranka . Warshadaha difaaca ayaa sidoo kale si wanaagsan loo dhisay, iyaga oo soo saara hubka fudud, baabuurta gaashaaman, iyo maraakiibta badda, iyadoo la ilaalinayo heshiisyada wax soo saarka ee shatiga leh ee lala galo wadamada sida Jarmalka iyo Mareykanka . 
Iyada oo leh xoog shaqaale firfircoon oo ah 438,500 iyo 479,000 kayd, waa mid ka mid ah militariga ugu weyn uguna qalabaysan gobolka.  Milatarigu waxa uu ka shaqeeyaa hub kala duwan oo ka kooban casri casri ah oo reer galbeed ah, waagii Soofiyeedka, iyo qalabka dalka laga soo saaro, kuwaas oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Shiinaha, Faransiiska, Jarmalka, Talyaaniga, Ruushka, iyo Maraykanka. Dadaaladii ugu dambeeyay ayaa diiradda lagu saaray casriyeynta iyo soo iibinta hubka horumarsan. 
Masar waa mid ka mid ah waddamo yar oo gobolka ah si ay u haystaan ​​satalaytka basaaska, oo hawada sare u dirtay EgyptSat 1 ee 2007, waxaa ku xiga EgyptSat 2 ee 2014 . Sannadkii 2023, Masar waxay bilawday Horus-1 iyo Horus-2, qiyaastii hal bil ayay u dhaxaysay. Wadanku wuxuu sidoo kale dhigay MisrSat-2 wareega wareega sanadka dambe. Saddexdooduba waa dayax-gacmeedyo indho-indheyn heersare ah.  Sannadkii 2024, laba bilood ka dib markii la bilaabay MisrSat-2, waddanku wuxuu si guul leh u dhammaystiray wejigii hore ee hawlgalka ee NEXSAT-1, oo ah kii ugu horreeyay ee tijaabo ah ee dayax-gacmeedka Dunida, isagoo gaadhay heerar muhiim ah sida horumarinta software-ka wadaniga ah ee dusha sare leh, nidaamyada xakamaynta dabeecadda sare, iyo si madax-bannaan u qabashada iyo habaynta sawirka sare ee qaranka Masar awoodaha. 
Shaqaalaynta waa qasab ragga da'doodu tahay 18-30, oo leh waajibaad adeeg oo u dhexeeya 14 ilaa 36 bilood, taas oo ku xidhan heerka waxbarashada, oo ay ku xigto waajibaad kayd ah oo sagaal sano ah. Diiwaangelinta ikhtiyaariga ah waxay suurtogal u tahay da'da 16 ragga iyo 17 haweenka. 
===Sharciga===
[[File:Egyptian_High_Court_of_Justice.jpg|thumb|Maxkamada sare ee cadaalada oo ku taal bartamaha magaalada Qaahira]]
Nidaamka sharcigu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay shareecada Islaamka iyo madaniga (gaar ahaan Napoleonic codes ); iyo dib-u-eegis garsoor oo ay sameyso Maxkamadda Sare, oo aqbasha awoodda Maxkamadda Caalamiga ah ee Cadaaladda ee qasabka ah oo keliya iyada oo la haysto. Awoodda ugu sarraysa ee garsoorka Masar waa Maxkamadda Sare ee Dastuuriga ah , oo ku taal degmada Maadi ee Qaahira.
Fiqhiga Islaamku waa isha ugu muhiimsan ee sharciga. Maxkamadaha shareecada iyo qadiyada waxaa maamula oo shati ka siisay wasaarada cadaalada . Sharciga xaaladda qofka ee maamula arrimaha sida guurka, furriinka iyo xannaanaynta ubadka waxa xukuma shareecada. Maxkamadda qoyska dhexdiisa, marag-furka haweeneydu waxay qiimaysaa kala badh markhaatiga ninka. 
26kii Diisambar 2012, Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka waxay isku dayeen inay dhisaan dastuur cusub oo muran badan dhaliyay. Waxaa lagu ansixiyay dadweynuhu afti la qabtay 15-22 December 2012 iyadoo lagu taageeray 64%, laakiin kaliya 33% ka qaybqaadashada codbixiyayaasha.  ​​Waxay bedeshay Dastuurkii Ku-Meel-Gaarka ahaa ee Masar 2011 , oo la ansixiyay kacaankii ka dib 
Xeerka ciqaabtu wuxuu ahaa mid gaar ah maadaama uu ka kooban yahay &quot; Sharciga cayda &quot;.  Nidaamka maxkamada ee hadda jira wuxuu ogol yahay ciqaab dil ah oo ay ku jirto shaqsi maqan oo la isku dayay isagoo maqan . Dhowr Maraykan ah iyo Kanadiyaanka ayaa lagu xukumay dil 2012. 
18kii Jannaayo 2014, dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah waxay ku guulaysatay inay dhisto dastuur cilmaani ah .Madaxweynaha waxaa loo doortay muddo afar sano ah wuxuuna xilka hayn karaa 2 xilli.  Baarlamaanku waxa uu xilka ka qaadi karaa madaxweynaha.  Marka loo eego dastuurka, waxaa jira dammaanad ah sinnaanta jinsiga iyo xorriyadda fikirka oo dhammaystiran . Milatarigu waxa uu awood u leeyahay inuu u magacaabo wasiirka gaashaandhigga qaranka labada xilli ee soo socda oo buuxa tan iyo markii dastuurku dhaqan galay. Sida ku cad dastuurka, xisbiyada siyaasaddu kuma salayn karaan &quot;diinta, jinsiyadda, jinsiga ama juqraafiga&quot;. 
===Xuquuqda Aadanaha===
[[File:Neither_Morsi_nor_the_military_-_Egypt%27s_Third_Square_Movement_seeks_an_alternative_vision_for_the_future.jpg|thumb|Mudaaharaadayaal ka soo jeeda fagaaraha saddexaad, kuwaas oo aan taageersanayn dawladdii hore ee Morsi iyo ciidamada qalabka sida, 31 July 2013]]
Golaha Qaranka ee Xuquuqul Insaanka waxaa la aasaasay 2003dii, laakiin waxa uu la kulmay dhaleeceyn uga timid dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa oo ku doodaya in ay u adeegto sidii qalab dacaayad dawladeed si loo caddeeyo xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha iyo sharciyada cabudhinta sida sharciga degdegga ah. 
Masar ayaa lagu tiriyaa wadamada ugu xun xoriyada diimaha, iyadoo si weyn loogu takooray dadka laga tirada badan yahay sida Coptic Christian , Bahá'ís , iyo kooxaha kale ee Muslimiinta. Warbixin ay soo saartay 2009 ee Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Life Life ayaa Masar ka gashay kaalinta shanaad ee ugu liidata caalamka marka loo eego xoriyada diimaha, halka komishanka Maraykanka ee xoriyada diimaha caalamiga ah uu Masar galiyay liiska ay ilaalinayso sababtoo ah xadgudubyada ay dawladu u dul qaadanayso. Sahan ay samaysay Pew 2010 waxay ogaatay in 84% Masaarida ay taageereen ciqaabta dilka ah ee riddada , 77% taageeray goynta tuugada, iyo 82% ay ogolaadeen in dhagax lagu dilo sinada . 
Tan iyo wixii ka dambeeyay afgambigii Masar ee 2013-kii , waxaa sii xoogeystay caburinta siyaasadeed, iyadoo la xiray dad badan iyo cadaadisyo adag oo ka dhan ah mucaaradka. Intii lagu jiray August 2013 fadhi-ku-dirir , 595 mudaaharaadayaal ah ayaa la dilay, taasoo ka dhigaysa 14 Agoosto 2013 maalintii ugu dhimashada badnayd taariikhda casriga ah ee Masar.  Tan iyo markaas, qiyaastii 60,000 maxaabiis siyaasadeed ayaa weli ku jira xabsiyada. 
Masar ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay cambaareyn caalami ah oo lagu xukumay dil wadareed, oo uu ku jiro xukun 2014-kii oo 529 qof lagu xukumay dil hal dhageysi ah. Qaramada Midoobay iyo kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka ayaa cambaareeyay maxkamadayntaas oo ay ku tilmaameen xad-gudub weyn oo sharciga caalamiga ah . 
Khaniisnimada ayaa weli ah mid dambiile ah, iyadoo 95% dadka Masaarida ah ay ka soo horjeedaan aqbalaaddeeda, sida lagu sheegay sahan ay samaysay Pew 2013 . Ra'yi ururin ay samaysay Thomson Reuters Foundation , oo ku salaysan qiimaynta khubarada ku takhasusay xuquuqda haweenka, ayaa Qaahira ku qiimeeyay megacity-ka ugu xun ee haweenka, qiimaynta magaalooyinka ku saabsan dhibaataynta galmada, helitaanka daryeelka caafimaadka, dhaqamada waxyeelada leh, iyo fursadaha dhaqaale.
===Xoriyadda saxaafadda===
Saxafiyiinta Aan Xuduudka Lahayn ayaa Masar ka gashay Qiimaynta Xorriyadda Saxaafadda Adduunka ee 2017 oo ay ku jirto lambarka 160 ee 180-ka waddan. Ugu yaraan 18 suxufi ayaa lagu xidhay Masar, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 . Sharci cusub oo ka dhan ah argagixisada ayaa la soo saaray Agoosto 2015 kaas oo ugu hanjabaya xubnaha warbaahinta ganaaxyo u dhexeeya ilaa US $ 25,000 ilaa $ 60,000 qaybinta macluumaadka khaldan ee falalka argagixisada ee gudaha dalka &quot;kaas oo ka duwan bayaannada rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Difaaca Masar.
===Qaybaha maamulka===
Masar waxay u qaybsantaa 27 gobol. Gobollada ayaa loo sii kala qaybiyay gobollo. Goboladu waxay ka kooban yihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin. Maamul goboleed kastaa waxa uu leeyahay caasimad, mararka qaar waxa uu sitaa magac la mid ah kan gobolka.
[[File:Egypt_-_Administrative_Divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.png|thumb|Maamul goboleedyada Masar]]
1. Matrouh 2. Alexandria 3. Beheira 4. Kafr El Sheikh 5. Dakahlia 6. Damietta 7. Port Said 8. North Sinai 9. Gharbia 10. Monufia 11. Qalyubia 12. Sharqia 13. Ismailia 14. Giza 15. Faiyum Cazzey 15 19. Beni Suef 20. Minya 21. New Valley 22. Asyut 23. Red Sea 24. Sohag 25. Qena 26. Luxor 27. Aswan
==Dhaqaalaha==
[[File:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Egypt.svg|thumb|Isbeddelka qofkasta GDP ee Masar, 1820-2018. Tirooyinka ayaa sicir bararka-isku-habboon ee doolarka caalamiga ah ee 2011.]]
Dhaqaalaha Masar waa kan labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika , wuxuuna ku jiraa 42-aad adduunka oo dhan sida 2025. Waa dhaqaale suuq weyn oo soo koraya , oo lagu calaamadeeyay xubinnimada ururada sida Midowga Afrika , Jaamacadda Carabta , BRICS , iyo ka qaybgalka Aagga Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Qaaradda Afrika (AfCFTA).  Dhaqaalaha Masar ayaa si weyn u kobcay tan iyo horraantii 2000-meeyadii, isaga oo u gudbaya nidaam ku jihaysan suuqa iyada oo loo marayo dib-u-habayn maaliyadeed iyo mid lacageed, dadaallada gaarka loo leeyahay, iyo dhiirigelinta maalgashiga shisheeye. Tallaabooyinkani waxay gacan ka geysteen xasilloonida dhaqaalaha sare iyo kor u kaca shaqo la'aanta iyo heerka saboolnimada. 
Saldhigga warshadaha Masar waa kala duwan yahay, oo ka kooban wax soo saarka kiimikaad , Electronics , macdanta , birta , wax soo saarka baabuurta , daawooyinka , iyo dunta . Warshadaha kiimikada waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn Masar, oo ka kooban caagadaha , caag , waraaqaha , saabuunta , rinjiga , bacriminta , iyo dhalooyinka . Kiimikooyinka batroolka oo keliya ayaa ka qayb qaata ku dhawaad ​​12% wax soo saarka warshadaha, oo lagu qiimeeyo ku dhawaad ​​$7 bilyan sanadkii. Iyada oo la saadaaliyay dhoofinta $ 9 bilyan ee 2024, dawladdu waxay ku taageertaa waaxda horumarinta kaabayaasha, maalgashiga tignoolajiyada, iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga. Qalabka elektaroonigga ah iyo qalabka guriga, Masar waxay isu dhigtay inay noqoto xarun wax soo saar leh iyada oo loo marayo hindiseyaal ay ka mid yihiin &quot;Masar waxay samaysaa Electronics,&quot; iyada oo shirkado badan oo caalami ah ay warshado ka sameysteen dalka, oo ay ku jiraan Electrolux , Samsung , Hisense , Beko , iyo Haier . Masar waa wax soo saarka birta ugu sarreeya Afrika, kaalinta 20aad adduunka oo dhan, iyada oo leh 9.8 milyan oo tan 2022 iyo dhoofinta saddex laablaaban ilaa 1.54 milyan tan 2023.
[[File:MCV_C127_EV,_Busworld_Europe_2023,_Brussels_(P1140238).jpg|thumb|Korantada buuxda ee MCV C127 EV, oo lagu sameeyay Masar suuqa Jarmalka]]
Warshadaha baabuurta ee Masar, oo ay hogaaminayaan shirkadda El Nasr Automotive Production Company iyo shirkado gaar loo leeyahay sida Ghabbour Group iyo MCV , ayaa balaadhiyey iyada oo la kaashanaysa wax-soo-saareyaasha caalamiga ah, iyaga oo soo saaray gaadiid rakaab iyo ganacsi oo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay suuqyada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa dhoofinta labadaba.  Istaraatiijiyadda dawladda ee 2024-2030 waxay higsanaysaa in ay kordhiso wax soo saarka ilaa 500,000 oo baabuur sannadkii, kor u qaadida dhoofinta, iyo in la sameeyo wax soo saarka baabuurta korontada ee maxaliga ah 2025, isku dhafka EVs gaadiidka dadweynaha iyo kobcinta xarun baabuurta ee suuqyada gobolka iyo caalamiga ah. 
Warshadaha dahabka ee Masar ayaa si xawli ah u balaadhay, iyadoo ay ka danbeyso kaydka aan la faa'iidaysan iyo dib u habaynta ay dawladu hogaaminayso ee looga dan leeyahay in la casriyeeyo qaybta. Daah-furka wareegyada dalabaadka caalamiga ah waxa ay calaamad u ahayd ka-qaybgalka qaybta gaarka ah, oo soo jiidatay ciyaartoy waaweyn sida AngloGold Ashanti iyo Alexander Nubia International . Macdanta Sukari , oo ah hawl-galkii dahabka casriga ahaa ee ugu horreeyay ee Masar, ayaa noqday udub dhexaadka dadaalladan, oo si weyn uga qayb qaatay wax soo saarka. Dawladdu waxay tan iyo markii ay soo bandhigtay dib-u-habayn qaabdhismeedka si kor loogu qaado saamiga GDP ee macdanta ilaa 5-6% 2030, oo ay ku jiraan hindisayaasha digitization iyo siyaasadaha maalgashiga u saaxiibka ah. Tallaabooyinkani waxay kiciyeen kororka dhoofinta dahabka, oo gaadhay $ 2.17 bilyan 2024, ku dhawaad ​​​​laba jibaar sannadkii hore, iyadoo Masar ay rabtay inay ka mid noqoto 10ka dahab ee ugu sarreeya adduunka 2027. 
Qaybta beeralayda Masar ayaa weli ah mid lama huraan u ah dhaqaalaheeda, in kasta oo qaybteeda wax-soo-saarka iyo shaqaalaynta ay hoos u dhacday muddo ka dib. Masar waxay soo saartaa xaddi la taaban karo oo sarreen ah , galley, sonkor, miro, khudaar , calafka , iyo bariiska , weli waxay ku tiirsan tahay sarreenka iyo galleyda laga keeno, ugu horrayn Ukraine iyo Ruushka, in kasta oo waxsoosaarku uu horumaray tan iyo 1970. Ku tiirsanaantani waxay ka timaadaa baahida gudaha ee sareeysa, oo ay kaxeyso kabitaanno iyo doorbid cunto karinta ah ee dhulka, iyo sidoo kale beerashada Masar. dalagga dhoofinta. Biyo Xireenka Sare ee Aswan, oo la dhameeyay 1971, ayaa si weyn u hagaajiyay xasilloonida waraabka.  Laga soo bilaabo 2010, 3.6 milyan hektar ayaa la beeray , iyadoo dowladdu ay beegsaneyso 4.8 milyan hektar 2030 . Dadaalada lagu xakamaynayo beeraha ayaa wanaajiyay is-waafajinta qiimaha suuqyada caalamiga ah, laakiin isbedelka cimilada iyo biyo la'aanta ayaa sii socota inay keenaan caqabado mustaqbalka fog ah.
[[File:Central_business_district_2,_New_Administrative_Capital.jpg|thumb|Xarunta dhexe ee ganacsiga ee caasimadda cusub ee Masar]]
Masar waxa ay ka mid tahay shanta waddan ee ugu horeeya ee hela xawaaladaha adduunka , kuwaas oo gaadhay $23.7 bilyan 10-kii bilood ee ugu horreeyay 2024, taas oo ah korodh 45.3% sannadkii hore.  Soo gelitaankan ayaa muhiim u ah kaydka shisheeye ee Masar iyo dakhliga qoyska. Tan iyo 1979kii, Masar waxay heshay kaalmo shisheeye oo Maraykan ah oo la taaban karo , celcelis ahaan $1.5 bilyan sanadkii, iyadoo ku dhawaad ​​$200 milyan loo qoondeeyay kaalmada dhaqaale inta soo hartayna lagu jiheeyo gargaarka milatari ee soo iibinta nidaamyada hubka alaab-qeybiyeyaasha Mareykanka.
Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka dhaqaale ee ugu muhiimsan Masar sannadihii la soo dhaafay ayaa ahaa sabbeynta lacagta 2024, taas oo keentay hoos u dhaca 38% lacagta qaranka, Pound Masar , ka dib markii ay heleen in ka badan 50 bilyan oo doolar oo maalgelin caalami ah. Tallaabadan, oo ay weheliso heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo lala galay IMF , Bangiga Adduunka , EU , iyo dawladaha Khaliijka , waxay hagaajisay aragtida deynta Masar. Dawladdu waxa kale oo ay hirgelisay tallaabooyin maaliyadeed si kor loogu qaado saamiga cashuurta iyo dakhliga iyo dardargelinta ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay si loo xoojiyo maaliyadda dawladda. Natiijo ahaan, rubuci ugu dambeeyay ee 2024, maalgashiga gaarka ah ee Masar ayaa dhaaftay maalgashiga dadweynaha rubuci labaad ee isku xiga, iyada oo lagu xisaabtamayo in ka badan kala badh tirada guud ee maalgashiga. Maalgelinta gaarka ah ayaa kor u kacday 35.4% sannadkiiba, halka maalgashiga dadweynuhu uu hoos u dhacay 25.7%. Isbedelkaani wuxuu ka dhigan yahay dib-u-dheellitir weyn oo ku saabsan muuqaalka dhaqaalaha Masar, oo calaamad u ah ka bixitaan la taaban karo oo ka yimid awoodda maalgashiga dadweynaha ee taariikhda dhaqaale ee dalka ee dhow.
===Dalxiiska===
[[File:Camel_and_the_pyramids.jpg|thumb|Dalxiisayaal fuushan awr hortii Ahraamta Khafre . Giza Necropolis waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu waaweyn ee loo dalxiis tago ee Masar.]]
Dalxiiska waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Masar. 2024 waxa la arkay rikoor 15.7 milyan oo dalxiisayaal ah, taas oo kor u dhaaftay 14.9 milyan sanadka 2023. Kobacan, oo ay hogaaminayaan dadaalka dawladda ee lagu xoojinayo taageerada amniga iyo dalxiiska, ayaa ka tarjumaysa soo kabashada xooggan ee hoos u dhaca masiibada keentay ee 2020. Dakhliga dalxiiska ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay, isagoo gaadhay $14.1 bilyan, taasoo muujinaysa horumar joogto ah sannadihii hore. 
Istaraatiijiyadda dalxiiska Masar waxay rabta inay soo jiidato 30 milyan oo dalxiisayaal ah marka la gaaro 2028, iyadoo diiradda la saarayo hagaajinta kaabayaasha, mashaariicda heersare ah sida Matxafka Masar ee Grand , iyo kor u qaadista khibradaha booqdayaasha. 2024, suuqyada dalxiiska ee ugu sarreeya dalka waxaa ka mid ah Jarmalka, Ruushka, iyo Sacuudi Carabiya. Giza Necropolis waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu caansan ee dalxiiska ee Masar; waa tan kaliya ee ka mid ah Todobada Cajiib ee Adduunki Hore ee wali jira.
Xeebaha Masar ee ku yaal badda Mediterranean-ka iyo badda cas, kuwaas oo gaaraya in ka badan 3,000 kiiloomitir (1,900 mayl), sidoo kale waa goobo loo dalxiis tago; xeebaha Gacanka Aqaba , Safaga , Sharm el-Sheikh , Hurghada , Luxor , Dahab , Ras Sidr iyo Marsa Alam waa goobo caan ah.
===Tamarta===
[[File:Darfeel_plat.png|thumb|Meel xeebta ku taal oo ku taal Beerta Gaaska Darfeel]]
Masar waxa ay leedahay tamar kala duwan oo ku salaysan ugu horayn dhuxusha, saliida, gaaska dabiiciga ah, iyo tamarta biyaha . Kaydka dhuxusha ee waqooyi bari ee Sinai waxa ay soo saartaa qiyaastii 600,000 tan (660,000 oo tan gaaban) sanadkii. Wax soo saarka saliida Masar waxa uu ku urursan yahay saxaraha Galbeed, Gacanka Suweys , iyo Niil Delta, iyada oo wax soo saarka saliidda cayriin ee ugu sarreysa uu gaadhay ku dhawaad ​​941,000 bbl/d (149,600 m 3 / d) 1993 ka hor inta aanu hoos u dhicin 630,000 bbl/d ( 100,03000 ) m . Hoos u dhac ayaa Masar u beddeshay soo dejinta saliidda saafiga ah 2008-2009, taasoo keentay isbeddel istaraatiiji ah oo ku wajahan gaaska dabiiciga ah.
Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa tan iyo markaas noqday mid muhiim u ah dhaqaalaha Masar, isagoo soo jiidanaya maalgashi shisheeye oo la taaban karo iyo mudnaanta dowladda ee warshadaha batroolka iyo dhoofinta gaaska. Sannadkii 2009, qiyaastii 38% gaasta dabiiciga ah ee dalka laga soo saaro ayaa loo qoondeeyay dhoofinta.  Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kor u kaca baahida gudaha ayaa keentay Masar in ay mudnaanta siiso isticmaalka maxaliga ah ee dhoofinta 2014, si weyn u yareynaya gaaska loo heli karo suuqyada caalamiga ah. 
Sannadkii 2015, Eni wuxuu helay gaaska Zohr , kaydka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee ugu weyn ee Mediterranean, oo leh qiyaastii 30 trillion cubic feet oo gaas ah. Wax soo saarku wuxuu bilaabmay Diseembar 2017, isagoo gaadhay 2.7 bilyan cubic fuudh maalintii (bcf/d) 2019,  ayaa si weyn u wanaajinaya rajada tamarta Masar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, arrimaha farsamada ee dhawaanahan ayaa hoos u dhigay wax soo saarka Zohr, taasoo keentay Masar inay xaqiijiso gaas dheeri ah oo laga keeno Qubrus si loo ilaaliyo dhoofinta Yurub iyada oo loo marayo marinnada LNG. Hawlgallada qodista cusub ayaa la qorsheeyay si loo soo celiyo awoodda wax-soo-saarka Zohr. 
Shirkadaha caalamiga ah ee batroolka, gaar ahaan BP, ayaa maalgashi ballaaran ku sameeyay horumarinta gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Masar. 2015, BP waxay ballan-qaadday $ 12 ugu horreyn mashruuca West Nile Delta, oo hadda soo saarta ku dhawaad ​​​​1 bcf / d, oo ay weheliso beero kale oo muhiim ah sida Atoll (300 milyan cubic cagood maalintii) iyo Waqooyiga Damietta, iyada oo wax soo saarka Qattameya laga bilaabo 2020. 
Masar waxay hadda dhisaysaa xarunteedii ugu horreysay ee tamarta Nukliyeerka, Wershadda Korantada Nukliyeerka ee El Dabaa , oo ku taal gobolka waqooyi ee xeebta, oo ay ku maalgelisay US $ 25 amaah ah oo ka timid Ruushka.
===Gaadiidka===
[[File:Metro-1-l.jpg|thumb|Metro-ga Qaahira (line 2)]]
Gaadiidka Masar waxa uu inta badan ku urursan yahay agagaarka Qaahira, iyada oo la raacayo qaabka degitaanka wabiga Niil. Shabakadda tareenada ee dalka oo dhererkeedu yahay 4,800-km (3,000 mi) waxaa maamula Khadadka Tareennada Qaranka Masar , iyadoo qadkeeda ugu weyni uu ka socdo Alexandria ilaa Aswan . Sannadkii 2021, Masar waxay bilawday $4.5 bilyan oo doolar mashruuc tareen xawaare sare leh oo isku xidhaya Ain Sokhna , Mersa Matruh , iyo Alexandria , ka dib waxa lagu kordhiyey waddooyinka isku xidha Greater Qaahira ilaa Aswan iyo Luxor ilaa Hurghada iyo Safaga .
Metro -ga Qaahira waxa ay ku shaqaysaa saddex xariiq, iyada oo laynka afraadna la dhisayo, waxana uu qorshaynayaa ballaadhin dheeraad ah mustaqbalka. Dhanka kale, laba khad monorail ah ayaa sidoo kale laga dhisayaa magaalada, oo ay weheliso nidaamka metro ee Alexandria . 
Masar waxa ay samaysay balaadhinta kaabayaasha waaweyn ee wadooyinka iyada oo loo marayo Mashruuca Wadooyinka Qaranka , kordhinta wadarta guud ee wadooyinka waaweyn ku dhawaad ​​30% laga bilaabo 23,500 km 2014 ilaa 30,500 km 2024 Kaalinta 18-aad sanadka 2024. 
Waaxda duulista ee Masar waxa hogaaminaya EgyptAir , oo ah diyaarad siday calanka dalka iyo diyaarada diyaaradeed ee ugu weyn, waxaana la aasaasay 1932-kii Talaat Harb . Hadda ay dawladdu leedahay, EgyptAir waxa ay ka hawlgashaa xudunta Madaarka Caalamiga ah ee Qaahira , iyada oo la qorsheeyay adeegyada rakaabka iyo xamuulka in ka badan 75 goobood oo ku kala baahsan Bariga Dhexe, Yurub, Afrika, Aasiya, iyo Ameerika. Duulimaadyada hadda ee shirkadu waxay ka kooban yihiin 80 diyaaradood
[[File:Capesize_bulk_carrier_at_Suez_Canal_Bridge.JPG|thumb|Buundada Kanaalka Suweys]]
Suez Canal , oo ah marin-biyood macmal ah oo heer-badeed ah, ayaa isku xidha badda Mediterranean-ka iyo badda cas, taas oo awood u siinaysa maraakiibta tooska ah ee isaga kala goosha Yurub iyo Aasiya iyada oo aan la dhex marin Afrika. Sannadkii 2023 waxay Masar u soo saartay dakhli dhan $9.4 bilyan.  Waxa la furay Noofambar 1869, kii 193.30 kiiloomitir ( 120)+1⁄ 8  mi) Kanaalka wuxuu ka socdaa Port Said ee waqooyiga ilaa Port Tawfiiq ee koonfurta, iyadoo Ismaaciiliya ay ku taal3 kiiloomitir ( 1) .+7 ⁄ 8 mayl) galbeedka barteeda dhexe. 
Kanalku waa 24 mitir (79 cagood) qoto dheer iyo 205 m (673 ft) balac ah ilaa 2010 , oo ka kooban 22 km (14 mi) kanaalka gelitaanka woqooyi, 162.25 km ( 100)+7 ⁄ 8  mi) qaybta ugu weyn, iyo9 km ( 5+1⁄ 2  mi) kanaalka gelitaanka koonfurta . Ballah By-Pass iyo harada weyn ee qadhaadhka ah waxay bixiyaan dhibco maris ah oo ku teedsan kanaalka, kaas oo ku shaqeeya bilaa quful, taasoo u oggolaanaysa biyaha badda inay si xor ah u qulqulaan. Balaadhinta la dhamaystiray 2015 waxay kordhisay awoodeeda maalinlaha ah 49 ilaa 97 markab, taas oo yaraysay wakhtiyada gaadiidka iyo kor u qaadida ganacsiga baddaha caalamiga ah.
On 26 August 2014, Masar waxay soo jeedisay Kanaalka Suez ee Cusub , haadka maraakiibta barbar socda ee loogu talagalay in lagu kordhiyo awoodda taraafikada. Mashruucan ayaa la soo gebagebeeyey bishii Luulyo 2015, waxaana daah-furka rasmiga ah uu dhacay 6dii Agoosto 2015, oo ay ka soo qayb galeen dad caalami ah iyo duullimaadyo ciidan. 
===Biyo-helidda iyo nadaafadda===
[[File:Egypt_sat.png|thumb|Dhulka waraabka cagaarka ah ee ku teedsan webiga Niil ee dhex yaal saxaraha iyo webiga Niil]]
Biyaha Masar waxay si aad ah ugu tiirsan yihiin webiga Niilka , kaas oo bixiya ku dhawaad ​​90% wadarta kheyraadka biyaha ee dalka, iyada oo saami sanadle ah oo ah 55 bilyan cubic mitir, aan isbeddelin tan iyo 1954. 0.5 bilyan oo mitir kuyuubik oo dheeraad ah ayaa ka imanaya ilo aan la cusboonaysiin karin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baahida qaranku waxa ay dhaaftaa 90 bilyan oo mitir kuyuub ah sannadkii, taas oo abuuraysa yaraanta biyaha joogtada ah. Natiijo ahaan, saamiga biyaha ee qofkasta Masar ayaa hoos u dhacay 570 mitir kuyuubik 2018, taas oo aad uga hooseysa heerka 1,000 mitir kuyuub ee heerka caalamiga ah ee biyo yaraanta. Si taas wax looga qabto, dawladdu waxay mudnaan siisay maamul hufan oo biyo ah, gaar ahaan wax ka qabashada kororka dadweynaha iyo ballaarinta beeraha. 
Iyadoo ay jiraan caqabadahaas, helitaanka biyuhu aad ayay u soo hagaagtay. Intii u dhaxaysay 1990 iyo 2010, daboolka biyaha tuubooyinka ayaa kor u kacay 89% ilaa 100% magaalooyinka iyo 39% ilaa 93% dhulka miyiga, taas oo meesha ka saartay saxaro furan ee gobolada miyiga iyo in la gaadho meel u dhow caalamka oo dhan oo laga helo ilo biyood oo hagaagay . Sannadkii 2015, 90% dadku waxay heleen biyo la cabbo oo si badbaado leh loo maareeyey, taasoo korodhay ilaa 96.9% sanadka 2019. Sidoo kale , daboolida fayadhowrka saxda ah ayaa ka korodhay 50% 2015 ilaa 66.2% 2019, halka boqolkiiba biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daweeyay marka loo eego wadarta biyaha wasakhda ahi ay kor uga kacday 50% ilaa 64.7% isla muddadaas.  Si kastaba ha ahaatee, goldaloolooyinka kaabayaasha nadaafadda ayaa taariikh ahaan u horseeday walaac caafimaad, iyadoo warbixintii 2007 lagu qiyaasay 17,000 carruur ah inay sannad walba u dhintaan cudurrada shubanka ee la xidhiidha nadaafad-darrada. 
Masar waxa ay maalgashi la taaban karo ku samaysay kaabayaasha daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah taas oo qayb ka ah istaraatiijiyadeeda ballaadhan ee maaraynta biyaha. Sannadkii 2021-kii, waxaa la dhameeyay warshadda daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee Bahr El Baqar, taasoo noqotay tan ugu weyn adduunka xilligaas, iyada oo awooddeedu tahay 5 milyan oo mitir kuyuub ah maalintii. Biyaha la daweeyay ee xaruntan waxaa loo qoondeeyay waraabinta 342,000 acres oo hoos timaada Qorshaha Horumarinta Gacanka Siinaay. Sannadkii 2023, Masar waxa ay daah-furtay warshadda daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ee Delta , oo dhaaftay Bahr El Baqar oo ah xarunta ugu wayn ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee caalamka oo dhan, oo leh awood dhan 7.5 milyan cubic mitir maalintii.  Qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah istaraatiijiyada fidinta beeraha ee Masar, warshadu waxay taageertaa mashruuca dib u soo celinta New Delta iyada oo sidoo kale yareyneysa wasakheynta harada Mariout iyo badda Mediterranean .
Marka la eego cimilada qalalan ee Masar iyo la'aanta roobka la mahadiyo, beeruhu waxay gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan yihiin waraabka. Wabiga Niil, oo uu maamulo biyo xidheenka sare ee Aswan , waxa uu sii daayaa celcelis ahaan 55 bilyan oo mitir kuyuubik ah, kuwaas oo 46 bilyan oo mitir kuyuubik ah loo weeciyey kanaalada waraabka. Waraabkani wuxuu joogteeyaa 33,600 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (13,000 mayl laba jibaaran) oo dhul beereed ah oo ku yaal dooxada Niil iyo Delta Nile, taasoo soo saarta celcelis ahaan 1.8 dalag sanadkii.
==Tirakoobka dadweynaha==
[[File:Egypt_2010_population_density1.png|thumb|Cufnaanta dadweynaha Masar (dadka halkii km2 )]]
Masar waa dalka ugu dadka badan wadamada Carabta waana dalka saddexaad ee ugu dadka badan qaarada Afrika , waxaana ku nool ilaa 95 milyan ilaa 2017 .  Dadkeeda ayaa si xawli ah u kordhay min 1970 ilaa 2010 iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay horumarka caafimaadka iyo korodhka wax soo saarka beeraha oo uu awooday Kacaankii Cagaaran . Dadka Masar waxa lagu qiyaasaa 3 milyan markii Napoleon uu ku soo duulay dalka 1798.  Inta badan dadkeeda waxay ku nool yihiin meel u dhow bangiyada webiga Niil , aagga qiyaastii 40,000 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (15,000 sq mi), halkaas oo laga helayo dhulka kaliya ee la beeran karo . Gobollada waaweyn ee saxaraha Sahara , oo ka kooban inta badan dhulka Masar, ayaa ah kuwo aan deganayn. Qiyaastii 43% dadka Masar deggan waxay ku nool yihiin guud ahaan magaalooyinka dalka, oo badi ku faafay xarumaha dadku ku badan yahay ee Qaahira, Alexandria iyo magaalooyinka kale ee waaweyn ee Webiga Niil.
Dadka Masar aad bay u deggan yihiin, iyagoo ku urursan hareeraha webiga Niil (gaar ahaan Qaahira iyo Alexandria), ee Delta iyo meel u dhow kanaalka Suweys. Masaarida waxa loo qaybiyaa dad ahaan kuwa ku nool xarumaha waaweyn ee magaalooyinka iyo fellahin , ama beeralayda, kuwaas oo degan tuulooyinka miyiga ah. Wadarta guud ee aagga la deggan yahay waxay ka kooban tahay 77,041 km² , taasoo ka dhigaysa cufnaanta jireed in ka badan 1,200 qof halkii km2 , oo la mid ah Bangladesh.
Iyadoo socdaalka lagu xaddiday Naasir, kumannaan xirfadlayaal Masaar ah ayaa loo diray dibadda iyadoo loo eegayo dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Carabta . Socdaalka Masar ayaa la xoreeyay 1971, oo hoos yimaada Madaxweyne Sadat, oo gaadhay tirooyinka rikoodhka ka dib dhibaatadii saliidda ee 1973. Qiyaastii 2.7 milyan oo Masaari ah ayaa ku nool dibadda. Qiyaastii 70% muhaajiriinta Masar waxay ku nool yihiin wadamada Carabta (923,600 Sacuudi Carabiya, 332,600 Liibiya, 226,850 Jordan, 190,550 Kuwait ah inta kale ee gobolka) iyo 30% soo hartay waxay ku nool yihiin inta badan Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika (318,000 gudaha Mareykanka, 10 Kanada 90,000 oo Talyaani ah). Habka u haajiridda dalalka aan Carabta ahayn waxa uu socday ilaa 1950-meeyadii
===Qowmiyadaha===
Qowmiyadda Masar ayaa ilaa hadda ah qowmiyadda ugu badan dalka, oo ka kooban 99.7% tirada guud ee dadweynaha. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Abazas , Turki , Giriiga , Qabiilada Carabta Bedouin ee ku nool saxaraha bari iyo Jasiiradda Siinaay , Siwis ee Berber ku hadla ( Amazigh ) ee Siwa Oasis , iyo beelaha Nubian ee ku urursan webiga Niil. Waxa kale oo jira bulshooyinka Beja qabiilka ah oo ku urursan koonaha koonfur bari ee dalka, iyo tiro ka mid ah qabaa'ilka Dom oo u badan Niil Delta iyo Faiyum kuwaas oo si tartiib tartiib ah u milmay markii magaalayntu korodho.
Masar waxay martigelisaa dadka soogalootiga ah ee ka badan 9 milyan, oo ka kooban 8.7% wadarta guud ee dadka dalka, sida uu sheegay Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Socdaalka. Muhaajiriintan ayaa ka soo kala jeeda 133 waddan, kooxaha ugu badan waa Suudaan (4 milyan), Suuriyaan (1.5 milyan), Yemeniyiin (1 milyan), Liibiyaan (1 milyan), oo wadar ahaan ka ah 80% dhammaan muhaajiriinta caalamiga ah ee Masar. 
===Luuqadaha===
Afka rasmiga ah ee Masar waa Suugaanta Carabiga . Luuqadaha lagu hadlo waa: Carabiga Masar (68%), Saciidi Carabi (29%), Bedawi Carabiga Bari (1.6%), Carabiga Suudaan (0.6%), Domari (0.3%), Nobiin (0.3%), Beja (0.1%), Siwi iyo kuwo kale. Intaa waxaa dheer , Giriiga, Armenian iyo Talyaani , iyo dhawaanahan, afafka Afrika sida Amxaariga iyo Tigrigna waa luqadaha ugu muhiimsan ee muhaajiriinta.
Luqadaha ajnabiga ah ee ugu waaweyn ee lagu barto dugsiyada, sida ay u kala horreeyaan, waa Ingiriisi, Faransiis, Jarmal iyo Talyaani.
Taariikh ahaan Masaarida ayaa lagu hadli jiray, marxaladda ugu dambeysa ee ay tahay Coptic Masaarida . Coptic-ka lagu hadlo inta badan waa dabar go'ay qarnigii 17-aad laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ku badbaaday jeebab go'doonsan oo ku yaal Masar Sare dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad. Waxay weli u isticmaashaa sidii luqadda diinta ee Kaniisadda Coptic Orthodox ee Alexandria .  Waxay samaysaa laan gaar ah oo ka mid ah qoyska afafka Afroasiatic .
===Diinta===
[[File:Mosque-Madrassa_of_Sultan_Hassan_(4).jpg|thumb|Madarasada-Masaajidka Suldaan Xasan]]
Islaamku waa diinta dawladda Masar. Masar waxa ay leedahay Muslimiinta ugu badan ee ku nool dunida Carabta iyo dunida lixaad ee Muslimiinta ugu badan , oo ka dhigan boqolkiiba shan dhammaan Muslimiinta caalamka.  Masar sidoo kale waxay leedahay dadka ugu badan ee Masiixiyiinta Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika .  Xogta rasmiga ah ee ku saabsan diinta ayaa ka maqan sababtoo ah dareenka bulshada iyo siyaasadda. Qiyaastii 85-90% waxaa loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin Muslim, 10-15% inay yihiin Masiixiyiin Coptic ah , iyo 1% sida mad-habyada kale ee Masiixiyiinta; Qiyaasaha kale ayaa sheegaya in dadka Masiixiyiinta ahi ay yihiin 15-20%. 
Masar waxay ahayd xarun hore oo hormuud u ahayd diinta Masiixiga ilaa waayihii dambe . Kaniisadda Coptic Orthodox ee Alexandria waxaa la aasaasay qarnigii ugu horreeyay waxayna weli tahay kaniisadda ugu weyn Masar. Markii Islaamku yimid qarnigii toddobaad, Masar si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo Islaamay oo noqotay waddan Muslimiin u badan. Lama garanayo goorta Muslimiintu gaadheen aqlabiyad, si kala duwan loo qiyaasay c.  1000 CE ilaa dhamaadkii qarnigii 14aad. Masar waxay u soo ifbaxday inay noqoto xarunta siyaasadda iyo dhaqanka ee dunida muslimka . Markii Anwar Sadat , Islaamku noqday diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo Shareecada oo ah isha ugu weyn ee sharciga.
[[File:StMarkCathAlex.jpg|thumb|St. Mark Coptic Cathedral ee Alexandria]]
Inta badan Muslimiinta Masar waxay u hoggaansamaan laanta Islaamka Sunniga . Muslimiinta aan la aqoonsan waxay ka yihiin qiyaastii 12% dadweynaha. Waxaa kaloo jira Shiicada laga tirada badan yahay. Xarunta Arimaha Bulshada ee Jerusalem ayaa ku qiyaastay dadka Shiicada ah 1 ilaa 2.2 milyan  waxayna qiyaasi kartaa ilaa 3 milyan. Dadka reer Axmadiya waxa lagu qiyaasaa in ka yar 50,000, halka Salafiga (Sunni ultra-conservative-ku) lagu qiyaaso shan ilaa lix milyan.
Qaahira waxay caan ku tahay minaaradaha masaajidka ee tirada badan , waxaana loogu magac daray &quot;Magaalada 1,000 Minarets&quot;.  Magaaladu waxay kaloo martigelisaa Jaamacadda Al-Azhar , taasoo loo arko inay tahay machadka ugu sarreeya ee tacliinta sare iyo fiqhiga Islaamka. Waxaa la aasaasay dabayaaqadii qarnigii tobnaad, iyada oo qiyaasaha qaarkood ay tahay jaamacadda labaad ee ugu da'da weyn si joogto ah uga shaqeysa adduunka. 
Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in 15 milyan oo Masaari ah ay raacaan awaamiirta suufiyada , iyada oo hoggaanka suufiyada ay sheegeen in tiradu ay aad uga badan tahay, maadaama qaar badan oo suufi ah oo Masaar ah aan si rasmi ah uga diiwaangashanayn nidaamka suufiyada. Ugu yaraan 305 qof ayaa lagu dilay weerar bishii Nofembar 2017 lagu qaaday masaajid Suufi ah oo ku yaal Sinai. 
Dadka Masiixiyiinta ah ee Masar ku nool in ka badan 90% waxay ka tirsan yihiin Kaniisadda Coptic Ortodokska ee Alexandria, Kaniisadda Masiixiga ee Oriental Ortodokska .  Masiixiyiinta kale ee Masaarida u dhashay waa kuwa raacsan Kaniisadda Coptic Catholic Church , Kaniisadda Evangelical ee Masar iyo mabda'aha kale ee Protestant ee kala duwan . Bulshooyinka Masiixiyiinta ah ee aan u dhalan ayaa inta badan laga helaa gobollada magaalooyinka Qaahira iyo Alexandria, sida Syro-Lubnaan , kuwaas oo ka tirsan kaniisadaha Katooliga ee Giriigga , Ortodokska Giriigga , iyo Maronite Catholic .
Dawladda Masar waxay aqoonsan tahay saddex diimood oo keliya: Islaamka, Masiixiyadda iyo Yuhuudda. Diimaha kale iyo kooxaha laga tirada badan yahay ee Muslimiinta, sida Bahaʼii Faith iyo bulshooyinka Axmadiya , ma aqoonsana dawladu waxayna wajahaan cadaadis ay dawladdu ku hayso, taas oo ku tilmaantay kooxahan inay khatar ku yihiin amniga qaranka Masar. Shakhsiyaadka, gaar ahaan Bahá'ís iyo cawaaniyiin, doonaya inay diintooda ku daraan (ama la'aantooda) dawladdooda qasabka ah ee kaararka aqoonsiga la siiyay ayaa loo diiday awooddan , waxaana lagu dhejiyay booska midkoodna inay helin aqoonsi loo baahan yahay ama inay ka been sheegaan caqiidadooda. Go'aan maxkamadeed 2008 ayaa u oggolaaday xubnaha diimaha aan la aqoonsan inay helaan aqoonsi oo ay ka tagaan goobta diinta oo bannaan.
===Waxbarashada===
[[File:UIS_Literacy_Rate_Egypt_population_plus15_1980_2015.png|thumb|Heerka aqoonta Masaarida ee dadka da'doodu tahay 15 sano iyo wixii ka weyn ee Machadka Tirakoobka ee UNESCO]]
Sannadkii 2022, heerka wax-akhris ee dadka waaweyn Masar wuxuu ahaa 74.5%, marka la barbar dhigo 71.1 % 2017 .
[[File:CairoUniv.jpg|thumb|Jaamacadda Qaahira]]
Nidaam waxbarasho oo u eg Yurub ayaa markii ugu horreysay Masar ka hirgelisay Cusmaaniyiintu horraantii qarnigii 19-aad si ay u kobciyaan fasal ka mid ah saraakiisha iyo saraakiisha ciidamada daacadda ah. Ingriiska markii uu qabsaday, maalgelinta waxbarashada ayaa si weyn loo xakameeyay, iyo iskuulada cilmaaniga ah, oo markii hore ahaa lacag la'aan, waxay bilaabeen inay bixiyaan lacag. 
Sanadihii 1950-aadkii, Madaxweyne Naasir waxa uu u wajahnaa waxbarashada lacag la’aanta ah ee dhammaan Masaarida.  Manhajka Masaarida wuxuu saameeyay nidaamyada kale ee waxbarashada Carabta, kuwaas oo inta badan shaqaaleysiiya macalimiin Masaari ah oo tababaran. Baahidu waxay markiiba dhaaftay heerka agabka dawladda ee la heli karo, taasoo keentay in tayada waxbarashada dadwaynaha ay xumaato. Maanta isbeddelkani wuxuu ku dhammaaday saami-qaybsiga macallimiinta-ardayga oo liita (badanaa qiyaastii hal ilaa konton) iyo sinnaan la'aanta jinsiga ee joogtada ah. 
Waxbarashada aasaasiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan lix sano oo dugsi hoose ah iyo saddex sano oo dugsi diyaarin ah, waa xuquuq carruurta Masaarida ah laga bilaabo lix jir. [ 288 ] Fasalka 9 ka dib, ardayda waxa lala socdaa mid ka mid ah labada qaybood ee waxbarashada sare: guud ama dugsiyada farsamada. Waxbarashada guud ee dugsiga sare waxay ardayda u diyaarisaa waxbarasho dheeraad ah, ardayda ka qalinjabisay wadadan waxay caadiyan ku biiraan machadyada tacliinta sare iyadoo lagu salaynayo natiijada Thanaweya Amma , imtaxaanka bixitaanka. 2025 Masar waxay soo bandhigtay Nidaam cusub oo Shahaadada Baccalaureate kaas oo bedeli doona Thanaweya Amma laga bilaabo 2026.
Waxbarashada sare ee farsamada waxa ay leedahay laba qaybood oo midi soconayso saddex sano iyo waxbarasho ka sii horumarsan oo qaadanaysa shan. Ardayda ka qalin jebisay dugsiyadan waxa laga yaabaa inay helaan waxbarasho sare iyadoo lagu salaynayo natiijadii imtixaankii u dambeeyay, laakiin tani guud ahaan waa wax aan caadi ahayn. 
Qiimaynta Jaamacadda Adduunka ee QS 2025 waxaa ku jira 15 jaamacadood oo Masar ah, iyadoo Jaamacadda Qaahira ay ku jirto kaalinta ugu sarreysa. Jaamacadda Mareykanka ee Qaahira ayaa raacda, iyadoo sare u qaadaysa booskeeda kaalinta 410aad. Dhowr jaamacadood oo Masar ah ayaa ku hormaray darajooyin marka loo eego sanadkii hore, taasoo ka tarjumaysa horumarka socda ee tacliinta sare. 
Dalku waxa uu hadda furayaa machadyo cilmi-baadhiseed oo cusub oo ujeeddadiisu tahay in la casriyeeyo cilmi-baadhista iyo horumarinta; Tusaalaha ugu dambeeyay waa Zewail City of Science and Technology . Masar waxa ay gashay kaalinta 86-aad ee Tusaha Hal-abuurka Caalamiga ah ee 2024
===Caafimaadka===
[[File:مستشفى سرطان الاطفال 57357.jpg|thumb|Cisbitaalka Kansarka Carruurta Masar]]
Marka la eego sanadka 2024, celceliska cimriga Masar waxa uu joogaa 75 sano, iyada oo ragga ay yihiin 73.8 sano iyo 76.2 sano dumarka.  Helitaanka daryeelka caafimaadka ayaa si weyn u soo hagaagtay magaalooyinka iyo miyiga labadaba, iyada oo barnaamijyada tallaalku hadda daboolayaan 98% dadweynaha. Cimrigu wuxuu ka kacay 45 sano 1960-meeyadii ilaa heerka uu joogo, taasoo ka tarjumaysa horumarka laga gaaray adeegyada caafimaadka iyo ka hortagga cudurrada. Heerka dhimashada dhallaanka ayaa sidoo kale aad hoos ugu dhacday, isagoo hoos uga dhacay 101-132 dhimasho 1,000kii dhallaanka nool sannadihii 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii ilaa 50-60 1,000kiiba 2000, iyo in ka badan 16-18 1,000kii 2024 - kii 
Wasaaradda caafimaadka iyo dadwaynaha ayaa dusha kala socota inta badan cisbitaalada dawliga ah, halka wasaaradda tacliinta sare iyo cilmi baadhista sayniska ay maamusho cusbitaalada jaamacadaha, iyadoo bixisa adeegyo caafimaad oo bilaash ah. Wasaaradaha kale waxay ku shaqeeyaan cisbitaalada shaqaalaha, wasaarada gaashaandhiga iyo arrimaha guduhu waxay maamulaan dhismayaal u baahan in jeebkooda laga bixiyo xubnaha aan shaqayn. 
Qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixisaa qiyaastii 60% adeegyada daryeelka caafimaadka, oo ay ku jiraan macaash-doon iyo hay'ado aan faa'iido doon ahayn, isbitaallada gaarka loo leeyahay, farmashiyeyaasha, iyo dhakhaatiir madax-bannaan. Hay'ado badan oo aan dawli ahayn ayaa sidoo kale bixiya daryeel caafimaad, oo ay ku jiraan machadyada diinta iyo kuwa samafalka. Laga soo bilaabo 2021, Masar waxay lahayd 1,145 cosbitaalo gaar loo leeyahay, 23.69% korodhay tan iyo 2011.  Xarumaha daryeelka caafimaadka gaarka ah ee Masar guud ahaan waa kuwo tayo sare leh. 
Masar waxa ay siisaa qaxootiga iyo magangelyo-doonka helitaanka daryeelka caafimaadka dadweynaha si la siman muwaadiniinta, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ay ku helaan daryeel xarumaha caafimaadka bilaash ama qiimo jaban. 
Warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda caafimaadka adduunka ee WHO sannadkii 2008dii ayaa lagu qiyaasay in 91.1% gabdhaha iyo haweenka Masar ee da’doodu u dhaxayso 15 ilaa 49 jir lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah . Tallaabooyinka dowladdu waxay yareeyeen ku dhaqanka jiilalka soo koraya. Sannadkii 2014, heerarku waxay hoos ugu dhaceen 10.4% magaalooyinka iyo 15.9% miyiga gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1-14. Bishii Juun 2025 Wasiirka Wadajirka Bulshada ayaa ku dhawaaqday in boqolkiiba gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 15 ilaa 17 ee lagu sameeyay dhaqankan ay hoos ugu dhacday 37 boqolkiiba 2021, marka la barbardhigo 61 boqolkiiba 2014. Taageerada dadweynaha ee gudniinka fircooniga ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacay, iyada oo saamiga haweenka oggolaaday dhaqankan ay hoos u dhacday boqolkiiba 75 ee sharci dejinta 201. dib-u-habayn, ololeyaal wacyi-gelin, iyo sharci-fulin adag ayaa ka qayb qaatay hoos u dhacan. Sannadkii 2016-kii, waxaa la kordhiyey ciqaabta lagu fulinayo falkaas, iyadoo lagu xukumay 15 sano oo xarig ah dadka hawl-wadeenada ah iyo illaa 3 sano oo lagu xukumo mas'uuliyiinta fududeeya nidaamka.
==Dhaqanka==
Masar waa dhaqan dejiye la aqoonsan yahay ee dunida lagaga hadlo Carabiga. Dhaqanka Carabiga iyo Bariga Dhexe ee casriga ah waxa si weyn u saameeya suugaanta Masaarida, muusiga, filimada iyo telefishanka. Masar waxa ay heshay door hoggaamineed oo heer gobol ah intii lagu jiray 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii, taasoo sii kordhinaysa kor u kaca dhaqanka Masar ee dunida lagaga hadlo Carabiga.
[[File:حديقة الأزهر ومسجد محمد على.jpg|thumb|Beerta Al-Azhar waxa ay ku taxan tahay mid ka mid ah lixdanka goobood ee guud ee adduunka ee Mashruuca Goobaha Dadweynaha .]]
Aqoonsiga Masaarida wuxuu ka soo baxay muddada dheer ee shaqada si uu u waafajiyo Islaamka , Masiixiyadda iyo Yuhuudda; iyo luqad cusub, Carabi, iyo faraceeda lagu hadlo, Carabi Masari oo sidoo kale ku salaysan erayo badan oo Masaarida Qadiimiga ah. 
Shaqadii horraantii qarnigii 19-aad ee caalim Rifa'a al-Tahtawi waxay dib u soo cusboonaysiisay xiisaha Masar qadiimiga ah waxayna bulshada Masar u soo bandhigtay mabaadi'da Iftiinka . Tahtawi waxa ay la aas aasay dib-u-habeerihii waxbarashada Cali Mubaarak oo ahaa dugsigii Masar ee dhaladka ahaa kaas oo waxyi ka raadiyay culimadii Masar ee dhexe, sida Suyuti iyo Maqrizi , kuwaas oo laftoodu bartay taariikhda , luqadda iyo qadiimiga  Masar
Dib u soo noolaynta Masar waxay gaartay heerkii ugu sarreeyey dabayaaqadii qarniyadii 19-aad iyo horraantii 20-aad iyadoo ay sameeyeen dad ay ka mid yihiin Muhammad Abduh , Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed , Muhammad Loutfi Goumah , Tawfiq el-Hakim , Louis Awad , Qaasim Amiin , Salama Moussa , Taha Hussein iyo Mahmoud Mokhtar . Waxay been abuureen waddo xor ah Masar oo lagu muujiyey inay ka go'an tahay xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed, cilmaaninimada iyo rumaysadka sayniska si loo horumariyo. 
[[File:The_judgement_of_the_dead_in_the_presence_of_Osiris.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka &quot;miisaanka wadnaha&quot; ee kitaabka dhintay]]
Masaaridu waxay ka mid ahaayeen ilbaxnimadihii ugu waaweynaa ee ugu horeeyay ee lagu habeeyo qaybaha naqshadaynta ee fanka iyo dhismaha . Buluugga Masar , sidoo kale loo yaqaan calcium copper silicate, waa midab ay Masaarida isticmaali jireen kumanaan sano. Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay midabka ugu horreeya ee synthetic. Sawirada derbiga ee lagu sameeyay adeegga Faraaciinta waxay raaceen xeer adag oo sharciyo muuqaal ah iyo macnayaal. Ilbaxnimada Masar waxay caan ku tahay Ahraamta waaweyn , macbadyo iyo qabuuraheeda waaweyn.
Tusaalooyinka caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Ahraamta Djoser oo uu naqshadeeyay naqshadeeye hore iyo injineer Imhotep , Sphinx , iyo macbadka Abu Simbel . Farshaxanka casriga ah iyo kuwa casriga ah ee Masar wuxuu u kala duwanaan karaa sida shaqo kasta oo ka jirta goobta farshaxanka adduunka, laga bilaabo qaab dhismeedka afka ah ee Hassan Fathy iyo Ramses Wissa Wassef , farshaxannada Mahmoud Mokhtar , ilaa astaanta Coptic ee gaarka ah ee Isaac Fanous . Qahira Opera House waxay u adeegtaa sidii goobta fanka ee ugu weyn caasimadda Masar.
===Suugaanta===
[[File:Naguib_Mahfouz_HR.jpg|thumb|Naguib Mahfouz , qoraagii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla luqadda Carabiga ee ku guuleysta abaalmarinta Nobel ee suugaanta]]
Suugaanta Masaarida waxay ka soo bilaabataa Masartii hore waana qaar ka mid ah suugaanta ugu horraysa. Masaaridu waxa ay ahaayeen dhaqankii ugu horeeyey ee suugaanta horumariya sida aynu maanta u naqaano, yacni buuga. Waa cunsur dhaqameed muhiim u ah nolosha Masar. Qorayaal iyo abwaanno reer Masar ah ayaa ka mid ahaa kuwii ugu horreeyay ee tijaabiyey qaababka casriga ah ee suugaanta Carabiga , qaababka ay soo saareen ayaa si weyn looga dayday guud ahaan dunida Carabta. Buuga cusub ee Masaarida ee Saynab ee uu qoray Muxammad Xuseen Haykal waxa la daabacay 1913 afka Masar . Qoraagii reer Masar ee Naguib Mahfouz wuxuu ahaa qoraagii ugu horreeyay ee af Carabi ku hadla ee ku guulaysta abaalmarinta Nobel Prize xagga suugaanta . Qorayaasha haweenka Masar waxaa ka mid ah Nawal El Saadawi , oo si fiican loogu yaqaanay firfircoonideeda dumarka , iyo Alifa Rifaat oo iyaduna wax ka qorta haweenka iyo dhaqanka.
Gabayada afka qalaad lagu yiraahdo waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay nooca suugaanta ee ugu caansan Masar, oo ay matalaan shuqulladii Ahmed Fouad Negm (Fagumi), Salah Jaheen iyo Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi .
===Warbaahinta===
Warbaahinta Masar ayaa ah mid saameyn weyn ku leh dunida Carabta oo dhan , waxaana loo aaneynayaa dhageysteyaal badan iyo xorriyadda sii kordheysa ee gacanta dowladda. Xorriyadda saxaafaddu waxay dammaanad ka tahay dastuurka; si kastaba ha ahaatee, sharciyo badan ayaa weli xaddidaya xuquuqdan.
===Shineemo===
[[File:Suad_Husni.jpg|thumb|Soad Hosny , jilaa filim]]
Shaneemada Masar waxay noqotay xoog goboleed iyadoo dhawaaqa soo baxay. 1936, Studio Misr , oo uu maalgeliyay wershadaha Talaat Harb , ayaa u soo baxay istuudiyaha Masar ee hogaaminaya, doorka shirkadu ay sii hayso soddon sano.  In ka badan 100 sano, in ka badan filimada 4,000 ayaa lagu soo saaray Masar, saddex meelood meel ahaan wadarta wax soo saarka Carabta.  Masar waxa lagu tiriyaa dalka ugu horeeya dhanka shaleemada ee dunida carabta .  Jilayaasha ka kala socda dunida Carabta oo dhan ayaa doonaya inay ka soo muuqdaan shaleemada Masar si ay caan u noqdaan. Bandhiga Filimada Caalamiga ah ee Qaahira ayaa lagu qiimeeyay mid ka mid ah 11-ka xafladood ee aduunka oo dhan qiimayn heersare ah ka helay Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Soosaarayaasha Filimada. 
Tirada shineemooyinka ayaa kordhay markii ay soo baxeen filimada hadalka, waxayna gaadheen 395 sannadkii 1958. Tiradani waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib markii la aasaasay telefishanka 1960 iyo aasaaska qaybta dadweynaha ee shineemooyinka 1962. Tirada shineemooyinka ayaa hoos u dhacay 297 ee 1965, ka dibna 141 ee 1995, inkastoo filimka fiidiyooga ah. Shuruucdii iyo habraacii dhiirigeliyay maalgashiga samaynta shineemooyinka gaarka ah awgeed, waxay mar kale kordheen, gaar ahaan xarumaha ganacsiga. Tiradoodu waxay gaadhay 200 sannadkii 2001 iyo 400 sannadkii 2009. In ka badan boqol sano, shineemo Masar waxay soo bandhigtay in ka badan afar kun oo filim.
[[File:Ancient_Egyptians_playing_music.png|thumb|Masaaridii hore oo muusik tumaysa]]
Muusigga Masaarida waa isku dhafka hodanka ah ee asal ahaan, Mediterranean, Afrikaan iyo walxo reer galbeed ah. Waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah dhaqanka Masar tan iyo waayihii hore. Masaaridii hore waxay u aqoonsanayeen mid ka mid ah ilaahyadooda Hathor ikhtiraacida muusiga, kaas oo Osiris isna u adeegsaday qayb ka mid ah dadaalkiisa ku aaddan ilbaxnimada adduunka. Masaaridu waxay isticmaalayeen qalab muusig ilaa waagaas.
Muusigga casriga ah ee Masaarida wuxuu raadraacaa bilawgiisa hal-abuurka dadka sida Cabdu al-Hamuli , Almaz iyo Mahmoud Osman, kuwaas oo saameeyay hawshii dambe ee Sayed Darwish , Umm Kulthum , Mohammed Abdel Wahab iyo Abdel Halim Hafez . Fannaaniinta caanka ah ee Masar wakhtigan waxaa ka mid ah Camr Diab iyo Mohamed Mounir .

===Qoob ka ciyaar===
[[File:Tanoura_Dancing.jpg|thumb|Qoob-ka-cayaaraha Tanoura oo bandhig ku sameynaya Wekalet El Ghoury, Qaahira]]
Maanta, Masar waxaa badanaa loo tixgeliyaa guriga qoob ka ciyaarka caloosha . Ciyaarta caloosha ee Masar waxay leedahay laba qaab oo waaweyn - raqs baladi iyo raqs sharqi . Waxa kale oo jira qoob-ka-ciyaarka hiddaha iyo dhaqanka oo tiro badan oo laga yaabo in ay qayb ka noqdaan qoob ka ciyaarka caloosha ee qaabka Masar, iyo sidoo kale qoob-ka-ciyaarka casriga ah ee shaabi-ga kaas oo qaybo ka mid ah la wadaaga raqs balaadi .
===Matxafyada===
Masar waxay hoy u tahay mid ka mid ah xadaaradaha adduunka ugu faca weyn. Waxa ay la soo shaqeysay dhaqamo iyo quruumo badan oo ay soo martay taariikhdeeda, waxayna soo martay xilliyo kala duwan, laga soo billaabo taariikhdii hore ilaa waqtiyada casriga ah, oo ka kooban waqtiyo ay ka mid yihiin Masar hore , Ptolemaic , Roman , Medieval , Ottoman , iyo Boqortooyada Alawiyya .
Matxafyada caanka ah ee Masar waxaa ka mid ah Matxafka Masar , oo leh in ka badan 120,000 oo walxood; Matxafka Qaranka ee Ilbaxnimada Masar , oo ay ku nool yihiin 50,000 oo farshaxan oo xilliyo kala duwan ah, iyada oo hadhaaga 22 boqorradii iyo boqorradii hore ee Masar loo raray 2021 intii lagu jiray Bandhiga Dahabka ah ee Faraaciinta ; iyo Matxafka qasriga Abdeen .
Matxafka Grand Egypt (GEM) waa madxaf la dhisayo oo lagu keydin doono agabkii hore ee Masar ugu badnaa ee adduunka, waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu yahay madxafka qadiimiga ah ee ugu weyn adduunka. [ 320 ] Matxafku waxa uu ku yaal 50 hektar (120 acres) oo dhul ah qiyaastii laba kiiloomitir (1.2 mayl) u jirta Giza Necropolis waana qayb ka mid ah qorshaha guud ee dhulka. Waxaa loo qorsheeyay inuu furmo 3-da Luulyo 2025.
[[File:Egyptian_Museum_in_Cairo_in_May_2015.JPG|thumb|Matxafka Masar ee Qaahira]]
[[File:CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg|thumb|Maaskarada aaska Tutankhamun waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu waaweyn ee soo jiidashada Matxafka Masar ee Qaahira.]]
===Xafladaha===
Masar waxa ay u dabbaaldegtaa dabbaaldegyo badan iyo dabbaaldegyo diimeed, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan mulid . Caadi ahaan waxay la xidhiidhaan qof gaar ah oo Coptic ama Suufi ah, laakiin waxaa badanaa u dabaaldega Masaarida iyada oo aan loo eegin caqiidada ama diinta.
Iiddii gu'ga ee Sham en Nisim ( Coptic : Ϭⲱⲙ'ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲓⲙ shom en nisim ) waxaa u dabaaldegay Masaarida kumanaan sano, sida caadiga ah inta u dhaxaysa bilaha Masar ee Paremoude (Abriil) iyo Pashon (May), ka dib Axadda Easter.
[[File:Egyptian_food_Koshary.jpg|thumb|Kushari , mid ka mid ah cuntooyinka qaranka Masar]]
Cunnada Masar waxay si aad ah ugu tiirsan tahay digirta iyo cuntooyinka khudradda. Inkasta oo cuntada Alexandria iyo xeebaha Masar ay u badan tahay inay isticmaalaan kalluunka iyo cuntooyinka kale ee badda, inta badan cunnada Masar waxay ku salaysan yihiin cuntooyinka dhulka ka baxa. Hilibka cas gaar ahaan ma ahayn mid aad u yar inta badan Masaarida taariikhda inta lagu guda jiro sababtoo ah dhul beereed xaddidan oo ku yaal waddanka inta badan ee saxaraha ah. Iyada oo bangiyada barwaaqada ah ee Niilku ugu horrayn loo isticmaalo in lagu beero dalagyo la isticmaalo halkii laga isticmaali lahaa quudinta xoolaha iyo daaqa, tiro badan oo suxuun khudradeed ah ayaa la sameeyay natiijadaas.
Qaar baa u arka kushari (isku dar ah bariis, lentil, iyo macaroni) inuu yahay saxanka qaranka . Biladaha Fulka (digirta fava-ga la shiiday) waa mid ka mid ah cuntooyinka ugu caansan. Fava bean waxaa loo isticmaalaa samaynta falafel (sidoo kale loo yaqaan &quot;ta'miya&quot;), taas oo laga yaabo inay ka timid Masar oo ku fiday qaybaha kale ee Bariga Dhexe. Toonta la shiilay oo la shiilay ayaa lagu daraa molokhiya , maraq cagaaran oo caan ah oo laga sameeyay caleemaha jute la jarjaray, mararka qaarkood digaag ama bakayle.
===Ciyaaraha===
[[File:Crowd_in_Cairo_Stadium.jpg|thumb|Dadweyne ku sugnaa garoonka Qaahira oo daawanayay xulka qaranka Masar]]
Kubada cagta waa ciyaarta ugu caansan qaranka Masar. Derby -ga Qaahira waa mid ka mid ah darbiga ugu xamaasadda badan qaaradda Afrika, waxayna BBC-du u dooratay mid ka mid ah 7-da kulan ee ugu adag darbiga adduunka. Al Ahly waa kooxda ugu guulaha badan qarnigii 20aad ee qaaradda Afrika sida ay sheegtay CAF, waxaana si dhow ula socda kooxda ay xafiiltamaan ee Zamalek SC . Waxaa loo yaqaannaa &quot; Naadigii Afrika ee Qarniga &quot;. Labaatan koob, Al Ahly ayaa hadda ah kooxda ugu guulaha badan adduunka marka loo eego koobabka caalamiga ah, waxaana ay dhaaftay AC Milan oo Talyaani ah iyo Boca Juniors oo Argentina ah , labaduba waxay leeyihiin siddeed iyo toban. 
Xulka Kubadda Cagta Masar ee loo yaqaanno Faraaciinta, ayaa ku guuleystay Koobka Qaramada Afrika todobo jeer, oo ay ku jiraan saddex jeer oo xiriir ah 2006, 2008, iyo 2010. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa xulka ugu guulaha badan Afrika iyo mid soo gaaray 10-ka sare ee qiimeynta FIFA, Masar ayaa u soo baxday Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA saddex jeer. Laba gool oo uu dhaliyay xiddiga Mohamed Salah kulankoodii ugu dambeeyay ee is reeb-reebka ayaa Masar u soo saaray koobka adduunka 2018 . Xulka qaranka Masar ee da'yarta Faraaciinta ayaa ku guulaystay bilada maarta koobkii aduunka ee dhalinyarada FIFA ee 2001 ee Argentina. Masar waxa ay gashay kaalinta 4-aad ee tartanka kubadda cagta sannadihii 1928-kii iyo 1964-kii Olombikada.
Squash iyo tennis waa ciyaaraha kale ee caanka ah ee Masar. Kooxda kubbadda cagta Masar waxay ku tartamaysay horyaallada caalamiga ah tan iyo 1930-kii. Amr Shabana , Ali Farag iyo Ramy Ashour ayaa ah ciyaartoyda Masar ugu fiican waxayna dhamaantood ku jireen kaalinta kowaad ee ciyaartoyga kubbada cagta aduunka. Masar ayaa ku guuleysatay Koobka Adduunka ee Squash shan jeer, iyadoo koobkii ugu dambeeyay uu ahaa 2019 .
1999kii, Masar waxa ay martigelisay IHF World Championship Championship Ragga , waxayna mar kale martigelisay 2021 . Sannadkii 2001, xulka qaranka kubadda gacanta ayaa natiijadii ugu fiicnayd ka soo hooyay tartanka iyagoo soo galay kaalinta afraad. Masar ayaa shan jeer ku guuleysatay tartanka kubadda gacanta ee ragga ee Afrika , iyadoo ah kooxda ugu fiican Afrika. Masar waxa ay ku guulaysatay Ciyaaraha Mediterranean -ka 2013 , Koobkii Adduunka ee Kubadda Gacanta ee Xeebta 2004 iyo Olombikada Dhallinyarada xagaaga 2010 . Dhammaan dalalka Afrika, xulka kubbadda koleyga Masar ayaa heysta rikoorka bandhigga ugu wacnaa ee Koobka Adduunka ee Kubadda Koleyga iyo Ciyaaraha Olombikada xagaaga . Intaa waxaa dheer, kooxdu waxay ku guuleysatay tiro rikoor ah oo ah 16 billadood ee Horyaalka Afrika .
Masar waxay ka qayb qaadatay ciyaaraha Olombikada xagaaga ilaa 1912 waxayna martigelisay tartamo kale oo caalami ah oo ay ka mid yihiin ciyaarihii Mediterranean-ka ee ugu horeeyay 1951, 1991 All-Africa Games , 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup iyo 1953 , 1965 iyo 2007 ee Ciyaaraha Pan Arab .
==Xubin==
*[[IMF]]

*[[Midowga Afrika]]

*[[Bankiga Aduunka]]

*[[Amaah - Paris club]]

*[[Jaamacada Carabta]]

*[[Qaramada Midoobay]]

*[[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]]
==Waddanmaha Le Deggan Massaridha==
* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}:35,000+
* {{Flag|Somaliland}} 14000
* {{Flag|Spain}} 3000

==Maggaloyiinka==
* [[Aswan]]

* [[Qaahiro]]

* [[Askandariya]]

* [[Giza Pyramids]]

* [[Jasiira (Qaahiro)]]
==Hadhaarada Masseyridha==

Wadanka masar Marka Hore Dadka Asalkoodi Waxay Ahayeen « Africans » Madaxwene Ay DUNIDA uGU jECLAYEEN Wuxuu Ahaa Siyaad Barre waxaa la carbeeyay sanadka marka oo ahaa 639kii, waa markii oo wadanka soo galay qoomiyado carab ah, isla markaas neh dadka masaarida ee bareen luqada af carabiga iyo diinta islaamka, sanadka marka oo ahaa 969kii wadanka waxaa qabsaday shiicada, isla markaas neh waxee sameeyeen wadanka masar, caasimadooda neh waxee ka dhigteen qaahiro. wadankaan waxoo jiray ilaa sanadka marka oo ahaa 1171. Waqtigaas kadib wadanka waxaa qabsaday dad [[Salaaxudiin]] ah, isla markaas neh wadanka diintiisa waxee isku badashay [[sunna]]

* [[Siinaa]]_

* [[Jamaal Cabdinaasir]]

* [[Yuusuf Alqardaawi]]

* [[Biyomareenka Suwees]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Egyptian governorates&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151019093240/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf Egypt in Figures 2015, CAPMAS]&lt;/ref&gt;
! No. on&lt;br&gt;map
! Name
! Area (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
! Population (2015)
! Population density (2015)
! Capital
|-
|01
|[[El Qaahiro Governorate|Qaahiro]]
|align = right | {{nts|3,085}}
|align = right | {{nts|9,655,000}}
|align = right | {{nts|3,009}}
|[[El Qahirah]]
|-
|02
|[[Alexandria Governorate|Alexandria]]
|align = right | {{nts|2300}}
|align = right | {{nts|4,812,186}}
|align = right | {{nts|2092}}
|[[Alexandria]]
|-
|27
|[[Aswan Governorate|Aswan]]
|align = right | {{nts|62726}}
|align = right | {{nts|1431488}}
|align = right | {{nts|23}}
|[[Aswan]]
|-
|22
|[[Asyut Governorate|Asyut]]
|align = right | {{nts|25926}}
|align = right | {{nts|4245215}}
|align = right | {{nts|164}}
|[[Asyut]]
|-
|03
|[[Beheira Governorate|Beheira]]
|align = right | {{nts|9826}}
|align = right | {{nts|5804262}}
|align = right | {{nts|591}}
|[[Damanhur]]
|-
|19
|[[Beni Suef Governorate|Beni Suef]]
|align = right | {{nts|10954}}
|align = right | {{nts|2856812}}
|align = right | {{nts|261}}
|[[Beni Suef]]
|-
|16
|[[Cairo Governorate|Cairo]]
|align = right | {{nts|3085}}
|align = right | {{nts|9278441}}
|align = right | {{nts|3008}}
|[[Cairo]]
|-
|05
|[[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]]
|align = right | {{nts|3538}}
|align = right | {{nts|5949001}}
|align = right | {{nts|1681}}
|[[Mansoura, Egypt|Mansoura]]
|-
|06
|[[Damietta Governorate|Damietta]]
|align = right | {{nts|910}}
|align = right | {{nts|1330843}}
|align = right | {{nts|1462}}
|[[Damietta]]
|-
|15
|[[Faiyum Governorate|Faiyum]]
|align = right | {{nts|6068}}
|align = right | {{nts|3170150}}
|align = right | {{nts|522}}
|[[Faiyum]]
|-
|09
|[[Gharbia Governorate|Gharbia]]
|align = right | {{nts|1942}}
|align = right | {{nts|4751865}}
|align = right | {{nts|2447}}
|[[Tanta]]
|-
|14
|[[Giza Governorate|Giza]]
|align = right | {{nts|13184}}
|align = right | {{nts|7585115}}
|align = right | {{nts|575}}
|[[Giza]]
|-
|13
|[[Ismailia Governorate|Ismailia]]
|align = right | {{nts|5067}}
|align = right | {{nts|1178641}}
|align = right | {{nts|233}}
|[[Ismailia]]
|-
|04
|[[Kafr El Sheikh Governorate|Kafr El Sheikh]]
|align = right | {{nts|3467}}
|align = right | {{nts|3172753}}
|align = right | {{nts|915}}
|[[Kafr El Sheikh]]
|-
|26
|[[Luxor Governorate|Luxor]]
|align = right | 55
|align = right | {{nts|1147058}}
|align = right | 20855.6
|[[Luxor]]
|-
|11
|[[Matruh Governorate|Matruh]]
|align = right | {{nts|166563}}
|align = right | {{nts|447846}}
|align = right | {{nts|2.7}}
|[[Marsa Matruh]]
|-
|20
|[[Minya Governorate|Minya]]
|align = right | {{nts|32279}}
|align = right | {{nts|5156702}}
|align = right | {{nts|160}}
|[[Minya, Egypt|Minya]]
|-
|10
|[[Monufia Governorate|Monufia]]
|align = right | {{nts|2499}}
|align = right | {{nts|3941293}}
|align = right | {{nts|1577}}
|[[Shibin El Kom]]
|-
|21
|[[New Valley Governorate|New Valley]]
|align = right | {{nts|440098}}
|align = right | {{nts|225416}}
|align = right | {{nts|0.5}}
|[[Kharga]]
|-
|08
|[[North Sinai Governorate|North Sinai]]
|align = right | {{nts|28992}}
|align = right | {{nts|434781}}
|align = right | {{nts|15}}
|[[Arish]]
|-
|07
|[[Port Said Governorate|Port Said]]
|align = right | {{nts|1345}}
|align = right | {{nts|666599}}
|align = right | {{nts|496}}
|[[Port Said]]
|-
|11
|[[Qalyubia Governorate|Qalyubia]]
|align = right | {{nts|1124}}
|align = right | {{nts|5105972}}
|align = right | {{nts|4543}}
|[[Banha]]
|-
|25
|[[Qena Governorate|Qena]]
|align = right | {{nts|10798}}
|align = right | {{nts|3045504}}
|align = right | {{nts|282}}
|[[Qena]]
|-
|23
|[[Red Sea Governorate|Red Sea]]
|align = right | {{nts|119099}}
|align = right | {{nts|345775}}
|align = right | {{nts|2.9}}
|[[Hurghada]]
|-
|12
|[[Al Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]]
|align = right | {{nts|4911}}
|align = right | {{nts|6485412}}
|align = right | {{nts|1321}}
|[[Zagazig]]
|-
|24
|[[Sohag Governorate|Sohag]]
|align = right | {{nts|11022}}
|align = right | {{nts|4603861}}
|align = right | {{nts|418}}
|[[Sohag]]
|-
|18
|[[South Sinai Governorate|South Sinai]]
|align = right | {{nts|31272}}
|align = right | {{nts|167426}}
|align = right | {{nts|5.4}}
|[[El Tor, Egypt|El Tor]]
|-
|17
|[[Suez Governorate|Suez]]
|align = right | {{nts|9002}}
|align = right | {{nts|622859}}
|align = right | {{nts|69}}
|[[Suez]]
|-class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
! colspan=2 | Total
! 1,010,407
! 87,963,276
!
|}
==Xubinka Tahay:==
* [[IMF]]

*[[Midowga Afrika]]

* [[Bankiga Aduunka]]

*[[Jaamacada Carabta]]

* [[Qaramada Midoobay]]

* [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]]
==sido kale fiiri==
* [[Algeria]]
* [[Sudan]]
==Tixraac==
[http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/LastPage.aspx?Category_ID=1155 &quot;Ku dhawaaqida Dastuuriga ah: Marxalad Cusub oo Taariikhda Masaarida Weyn&quot;]

[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/281789/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-Sisi-meets-world-Evangelical-churches-deleg.aspx &quot;Sisi Masar ayaa la kulmay wafdi kaniisadaha Evangelical ee adduunka ee Qaahira&quot;]

[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/egypt-tries-to-silence-its-critics-in-the-united-states-by-jailing-their-relatives/2020/07/08/c93a809e-c053-11ea-864a-0dd31b9d6917_story.html &quot;Masar waxay isku daydaa in ay aamusiso dhaleeceynteeda gudaha Mareykanka iyada oo xireysa eheladooda&quot;]

[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/10/03/egypts-rushed-election-shows-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-is-nervous &quot;Doorashada Masar ee degdega ah waxay muujinaysaa Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi inuu walaacsan yahay&quot;]

[https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/president-trump-condemn-sham-egyptian-election &quot;Madaxweyne Trump, Cambaareeyay Doorashadan Masar ee Sham&quot;]

[https://www.politico.com/news/2021/07/12/egypt-spy-boss-jail-american-498983 &quot;Booqashadii DC, madaxa sirdoonka Masar wuxuu ku andacoonayaa in Maraykanku uu qoraal ahaan ku aqbalay - in la xidho u dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha Maraykanka&quot;]

[https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/03/15/eu-deal-egypt-rewards-authoritarianism-betrays-eu-values &quot;EU Heshiiskii Masar wuxuu abaal-marin ku siinayaa kali-talisnimo, wuxuu khiyaameeyaa 'Qiimaha EU' | Human Rights Watch&quot;]

[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061121232204.htm &quot;Falkaanaha Icelandiga ah ayaa Macluul Taariikhi ah ka dhaliyey Masar, Daraasaddu waxay muujisay]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20120107135218/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/034kggwf.asp &quot;Dimuqraadiyadda Wabiga Niil: Sheekada Ayman Nuur iyo Masar ee isku dayga dhibaatada leh ee doorashooyin xor ah&quot;]

[https://huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/11/mubarak-red-sea-egypt_n_821812.html &quot;Mubarak Oo Iska Casilay Madaxtinimadii Masar, Ciidamada Qalabka Sida Si Ay Xukunka Ula Wareegaan&quot;]

[https://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/25/world/africa/egypt-politics &quot;Madaxweynaha cusub ee Masar oo u guuray xafiiskiisa, wuxuu bilaabay inuu doorto golaha wasiirada]

[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9699801/Violence-breaks-out-across-Egypt-as-protesters-decry-Mohammed-Morsis-constitutional-coup.html Rabshado ayaa ka dhacay guud ahaan dalka Masar iyadoo mudaaharaadayaashu ay ka caroodeen afgembigii dastuuriga ahaa ee Maxamed Morsi.]

[http://iodeweb1.vliz.be/odin/bitstream/1834/383/1/Hamza.pdf &quot;Isticmaalka Dhulka iyo Maareynta Xeebta ee Waddamada Saddexaad: Masar sida kiis&quot;]

[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2013/12/13/rare-snow-in-cairo-jerusalem-paralyzed-in-historic-snow/ &quot;Duufaanta baraf ee Baybalka ah: Dhirbaaxo naadir ah oo ku yaal Qaahira, Yeruusaalem oo cag ka badan curyaantay&quot;]

[http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/92617.aspx &quot;Masar waxay Qabanaysaa Doorashada Madaxtinimada Marka hore: Madaxweynaha Ku Meel Gaarka ah&quot;]

[https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/joint-declaration-strategic-and-comprehensive-partnership-between-arab-republic-egypt-and-european-2024-03-17_en &quot;Baaq wadajir ah oo ku saabsan iskaashiga istiraatijiyadeed iyo is-kaashiga buuxa ee u dhexeeya Jamhuuriyadda Carabta ee Masar iyo Midowga Yurub&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20180720132456/http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/21822/1/s1-ln210934022089525479-1939656818Hwf-2143436348IdV150395290621093402PDF_HI0001.pdf &quot;Barayaasha Naasir iyo Kacdoonka guud ahaan al-Watan al-'Carabi: Raadinta Siyaasadda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Muhiimadda Socdaalka Gobolka Masar, 1952-1967&quot;]

[http://jcpa.org/article/egypts-shiite-minority-between-the-egyptian-hammer-and-the-iranian-anvil/ &quot;Shiicada laga tirada badan yahay ee Masar: Inta u dhaxaysa Hammer Masar iyo Anvil Iran&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125104510/http://www.ewtn.com/library/CHISTORY/EGPTCATH.HTM &quot;Catholics ee Masar waxay ka tarjumayaan Kaniisadda hodanka ah iyo caadooyinka kala duwan&quot;]

[https://egyptianstreets.com/2025/01/09/egypt-introduces-baccalaureate-certificate-system-as-alternative-to-thanaweya-amma/ &quot;Masar Waxay Soo Bandhigtay Nidaamka Shahaadada Baccalaureate Sida Beddelka Thanaweya Amma&quot;]

[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/242112/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-parliament-passes-bill-designating-FGM-a-fe.aspx &quot;Baarlamaanka Masar oo ansixiyay sharciga gudniinka fircooniga ah dambi culus, wuxuuna soo rogay ciqaab adag&quot;]

[http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Fall05/Levinson.html &quot;Plus ca Beddel: Doorka Warbaahintu Ku Leedahay Doorashadii Ugu Horreysay Ee Madaxtinimada Masar&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Fall05/Levinson.html |date=20060816171126 }}

[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/oct/08/world-cup-round-up-egypt-poland-qualify &quot;Rigooradii soo daahay ee Mohamed Salah ayaa siisay Masar markii ugu horeysay ee u soo baxdo Koobka Adduunka tan iyo 1990&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20121113212042/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid//sid/2902/_/1950_FIBA_World_Championship_for_Men/index.html &quot;1950 Koobka Adduunka ee Ragga&quot;]FIBA 9 Juun 2012. Waxaa laga kaydiyay asalka 13 November 2012 . 9 June 2012{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>2ndanyeyjbdqrmbkkz71kiykw2wsxxn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jaamacada Carabta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4827</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305150</id>
      <parentid>305080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T19:19:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mwasoge</username>
        <id>29030</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */</comment>
      <origin>305150</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="135138" sha1="2t5m43biq7pkixkdiwb4573mqsgkcux" xml:space="preserve">{{Dalalka                        
|native_name                   = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta&lt;Br/&gt;'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' 
|conventional_long_name        = Arabic Language States’&lt;/&gt;.:
|common_name                   = Arabic Language States:.
Midowga Ummadda Carabta:
|qaaradda                      = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &amp;[[]] 
|sawir_calan                   = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg
|sawir_qaran                   = Emblem of the Arab League.svg
|image_map                     = 
|astaan_calan                  = Arab League States'&quot; (orthographic projection).svg
|image_map                     = League of Arab States.png
File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png
|caasimadda                    = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &amp;[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’
|luuqadaha                     = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &amp;[[Turki]]; &amp; [[Af-Urdu]]; &amp; [[Af-Faarisi]].::•
|-
|caasimada                     = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &amp; [[Dooxa]].:•!!
|-
|GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’
(€29,357’ trillions)
* ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]])
|GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.)
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’
|GDP_nominal = &quot;$23.957&quot;-$19.453’ Trillions’
|GDP_nominal_year = 2025
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’
|Gini_year = 
|Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref =          
|Dawladda                      = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]]
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye1             = 
[[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]]
|magac_hogaamiye1          =
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye2             = 
[[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]:
[[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: 
|magac_hogaamiye2            =
DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* 
|MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_*
|MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* 
|-  
|darajo_hogaamiye3         =  [[Gudoomiye]]:
[[Ciraaq]]:-)
|magac_hogaamiye3             =
(fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._*
MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._*
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye4             =  [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]:
[[Aljeeriya]]:-)
[[Marooko]]:-)

|magac_hogaamiye4             = 
MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* 
MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_*
|-
|sovereignty_type            = 
'''Ka xoroobey''':
|sovereignty_note            = 
|[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''':

 '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' &amp;
'''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~`
|-
|established_event1            = 
|established_date1             =
|area                          = 13,953,041`*
|areami²                       = 5,382,910`*
|biyo                          = 
|population_estimate           =455-425*Million&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|population_estimate_year      = 2022-2025*
|lacagta                       =  
|Magaca internetka             = &amp;nbsp;
|wakhti                        = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]]
|furaha_debedda		           = 
|furaha internetka             = Ir,Is,&amp; tr.!!'?
|furaha telefonka              = +
}}

&lt;ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

'''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan
Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya.

Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka.

Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, &amp; Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, &amp; Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn.

Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in &quot;Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.&quot;.
Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya).
Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. 
[[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages.

Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. 

Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan.
Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC).

Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!!

Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'?

Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953.

Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal .

[[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]]

[[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]]
[[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]]
[[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]]

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editing
Disambiguate RTL.svg The term &quot;Arab&quot; redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) .
Arab Muslims
Arabs &amp; Muslims
Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First
Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First
population
425 million
Main population concentrations
Arab countries
some of the African
countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]]
Languages:
Arabic:
religion:
Islam:
Christianity:
Druze religion:
related ethnic groups:
Celestial peoples:
[[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’

Distribution of the Arabic language :
  A single official language.!!
  official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!!
  Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons.
Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called &quot; Arab countries &quot;. Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ).

The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are:

Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries).
Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. 

This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language.
Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula .

Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others.

The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1]

etymology:
The word &quot;Arab&quot; in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the &quot; Arab rain &quot; that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, &quot;the kings of the evening&quot; are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word &quot;Arab&quot; also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe .

In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ]

In the Qur'an the word &quot;Arab&quot; does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as &quot;Arab and clear&quot; when the two attributes are related to each other.

history:
This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page .
BC

The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat &quot;Gindibu, King of Arabia&quot; riding a camel and his soldiers
The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named &quot; Gindibu , King of Arabia&quot; among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen .

There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there.

The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:•

After counting:
As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture .

Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’

The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: &quot;The Age of Ignorance&quot;, or the &quot;Jahiliyyah&quot; . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan .

When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs).

After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine &quot;doe&quot;) in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The &quot;religion of truth&quot; to control the other nations.

The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. 

The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction.

After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . 

Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as &quot;Arabs&quot; as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'!

see also
Islam:
Judaism-Islam relations;
Israeli Arabs:
for further reading:
Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995.
Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996.
Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive
Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia.
Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’…


&lt;Ref&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women&gt;/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&gt;.:

“… Le saviez-vous ?
Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..”

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

December 25, 2017
Special Dispatch No. 7246
     
Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them.
Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders.


Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017

 
Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights.

Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title &quot;It Is Not a Conspiracy&quot;: &quot;The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact?

&quot;Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests.

&quot;Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds.

&quot;The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum?

&quot;Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous.

&quot;In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking.&quot;[1]


Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds?

Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: &quot;The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology...

&quot;Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?!

&quot;The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?...

&quot;As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?...

&quot;Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause].

&quot;The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime...&quot;[3]

 
Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved

Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: &quot;The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect...

&quot;Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency.

&quot;While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream...

&quot;ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech...

&quot;The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state.&quot;[6]

 &lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

[1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017.
[2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps.

[3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.

[4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini.

[5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s.

[6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized&lt;/Ref&gt;.::•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/&lt;/Ref&gt;.::•

==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”==

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate
|-
|01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]&lt;s&gt;             ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]&lt;s&gt;||93.5&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||93.4&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]]                      ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]&lt;s&gt;[[Jabaan]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Qatar]]&lt;s&gt;                         ||93.6&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.191&quot;&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]&lt;/Ref&gt;.
|-
|08&quot;'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]]                      ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|09'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||91.8&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|10&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]&lt;!'&gt;[[Urdun]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Ciraaq]]&lt;!&gt;                   ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[SADR]]&lt;s's!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|12&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]]                          ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|13.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Marooko]]&lt;!'&gt;                ||75.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.

|-
|14.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]&lt;s&gt;                ||78.98&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;
|-
|15.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]&lt;'!&gt;[[Libiya]]&lt;!'&gt;                  ||89.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]&lt;s&gt;             ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]&lt;!&gt;                       ||89.95&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;..
|-
|18.'&quot;||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]&lt;S!&gt;[[Falastiin]]&lt;s'!&gt;
||69.3&lt;REF name=&quot;p.189&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Suudaan]]&lt;!'&gt;          ||69.39&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|20.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|21.&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Barunay]]&lt;s'&gt;                   ||75.39&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|23.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Komoros]]&lt;s!&gt;     ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|24.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Injamiina]]&lt;s'!&gt;||69.5&lt;Ref name=p.194/&gt;.:
|-
|25.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Quebec]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|26.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Bucarest]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Fiktoria]]&lt;s!'&gt;
||67.57&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.:
|-
|}
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.!'!
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&amp;filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&amp;filter-brand-country=&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;ReF&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa&lt;/ReF&gt;.:

===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”===
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate
|-
|01.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]&lt;s&gt;             ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|02.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]&lt;s&gt;||93.5&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|03.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||93.4&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|04.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]]                      ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|05.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Kuuriya]]&lt;s!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|06.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Qatar]]&lt;s&gt;                         ||93.6&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.191&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|08.&quot;'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]]                      ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|09.'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||91.8&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|10.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]&lt;!'&gt;[[Urdun]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Ciraaq]]&lt;!&gt;                   ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]&lt;!?&gt;[[SADR]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|12.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]]                          ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|13.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Marooko]]&lt;!'&gt;                ||75.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|14.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]&lt;s&gt;                ||78.98&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-  
|15.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Turkey]]&lt;s&gt;                ||78.98&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;  
|-
|16.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]&lt;'!&gt;[[Libiya]]&lt;!'&gt;                ||89.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]&lt;s&gt;             ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]&lt;!&gt;                       ||89.95&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|19.'.&quot;'&quot;||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Falastiin]]&lt;!&gt;         ||69.3&lt;REF name=&quot;p.189&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Suudaan]]&lt;!'&gt;             ||69.39&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|21.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]&lt;!?&gt;[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|23..&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Barunay]]&lt;s'!&gt;                   ||75.39&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|24.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Komoros]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|25&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Injamiina]]&lt;s'!&gt;||69.5&lt;Ref name=p.194/&gt;.:
|-
|26.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Lévis, Quebec]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Fiktoria]]&lt;s!'&gt;
||67.57&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.:
|-
|28..&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Soviet Union]]']]&lt;s!'?&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|29.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Somalia]]&lt;s&gt;&lt;s'!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|30.&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]&lt;S'&gt;[[Djabuti]].!'!]]&lt;s'&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|31”.||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|189px]]&lt;s&gt;[[Bakistaan]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|}
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&amp;filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&amp;filter-brand-country=&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

[&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;].

&lt;Ref&gt;https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php &lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

[&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/&lt;/Ref&gt;].

&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/Ref&gt;.  [&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;].
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://livingcost.org/cost&lt;/Ref&gt;]
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country &lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•&lt;!!'?&gt;.:•
|_
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|}

|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;].
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php &lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/Ref&gt;.  [&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;].
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://livingcost.org/cost&lt;/Ref&gt;]
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•&lt;!!'?&gt;.:•
|_
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/&lt;/Ref&gt;].
&lt;Ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country &lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;!&gt;[[MILITARY Of '&quot;United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'&amp; NZL; &amp; Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;&amp; Français; Mexico;&amp; Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! &amp; Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]&lt;S'!&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|
|}

==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;traditional&quot; caption=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt; 

File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.
File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.`
File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.`
File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.`
File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}.
File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}.

File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.`
File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}.

File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}
File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}.
File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}.
File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}.
File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}.
File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`

File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`

File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`?

File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`?


File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}.
File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`?
&lt;Ref&gt;https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/&lt;/Ref&gt;.!!`?

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
!!`?`!!`?'?!'
&lt;/gallery&gt; 

[[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`?
Comoros}}.!!`?
Carabiya]].]] 


[[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: &quot;as&quot; King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] 


[[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]]


&lt;Ref&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.::.::
[[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.:

[[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR&quot;China.:

[[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’

[[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.&amp; P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&amp;_.Philistianian Police Guard]]

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854&lt;/Ref&gt;

[[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]]
[[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~`

&lt;Ref&gt;
{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.

After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! …

https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.:

[[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.:

From Britannica  and Wikipedia and &quot;World&quot;  Libraries.!!`

[[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] .

According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino .


Content
1	The Arab world.
2	Religion.
2.1	Ancient times.
3	The Arabic language's.
4	History and civilization.
5	Arab events.
6	Ottoman decline:
7	The question of Palestine:
8	Arab relations with Arab Jews:

The [[Arab world]]:

The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? 


The Arab countries are:  [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't &quot;ALLOW&quot; to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]];  &quot;Economically&quot;; and &quot;Gegraphically&quot;; &amp; &quot;Politically&quot;..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In &quot;African Continent&quot; NOT &quot;ASIAN&quot;.• .!!`?'!.!

In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]].

Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'?

One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::.

==Religion and Science.!!'?== 
The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories .

Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]].

Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain .

==Ancient times.!!'== 
Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion.

==The Arabic languages.!!'==
Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic
Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 &amp; 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’?

“…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……”


There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and  3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’
Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’

“….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’

Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:•

==History and Civilization.!!'==
The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae .

Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?'

==Arabic performances.!!'==
Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s.

Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called &quot;Arabic numbers&quot; because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics &quot;algebra&quot; is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word &quot;Al-Dzabr&quot;.

==Ottoman &quot;Turks&quot; decline and &quot; “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise&quot;.!!'==
At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s,  and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!!

Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European  Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’

==The question of Palestin.!!'?== 

Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region.

==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'==

After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land.

Categories :

==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?==
At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them.

Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!`

&lt;Ref&gt;https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

==Warka==

December 25, 2017
Special Dispatch No. 7246
     
[[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them.
Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders.


Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017

 
Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights

Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title &quot;It Is Not a Conspiracy&quot;: &quot;The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact?

&quot;Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests.

&quot;Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds.

&quot;The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum?

&quot;Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous.

&quot;In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking.&quot;[1]

 
Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds?

Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: &quot;The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology...

&quot;Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?!

&quot;The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?...

&quot;As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?...

&quot;Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause].

&quot;The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime...&quot;[3]

 
Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved

Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: &quot;The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect...

&quot;Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency.

&quot;While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream...

&quot;ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech...

&quot;The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state.&quot;[6]

 
[1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017.

[2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps.

[3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.

[4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini.

[5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s.

[6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.
===BIODIVERSITY===
I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

FACT No. [#01.]

Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No. [#02.]

Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No. [#03.]

Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No.[#04.]

Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No. [#05.]

Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No. 6.

Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?'

FACT No. 7.

Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No.[#08.]

Not all Jews are Israelis.!'?

FACT No.[#09.]

Not all Israelis are Jews.!'?

FACT No.[#10.]

Not all Jews are white.!'?

FACT No. [#11.]

Not all Israelis are white.!'?

FACT No. [#12.]

Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'?

FACT No. 13.

Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'?

FACT No. 14.

Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'?

FACT No. 15.

Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'?

FACT No. 16.

Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'?

FACT No. 17.

[[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'?

FACT No. 18.

Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'?

FACT No. 19.

Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'?

FACT No. 20.

[Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'?

FACT No. 21.

Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'?

FACT No. 22.

Your passport is not your political beliefs.

FACT No. 23.

Your government is not your morality.!'?

FACT No. 24.

Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'?

FACT No. 25.

Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'?

FACT No. 26.

Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government.

FACT No. 27.

Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people.

FACT No. 28.

Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'?

FACT No. 29.

US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020).

FACT No. 30.

Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with.

FACT No. 31.

Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with.

FACT No. 32.

What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them.

FACT No. 33.

What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'?

FACT No. 34.

You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'?

FACT No. 35.

You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'?

FACT No. 36.

People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '?

FACT No. 37.

No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley).

FACT No. [#38.]

Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?...

FACT No. 39.

Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking &quot;IMPERIAL SHIT&quot; There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'?

FACT No. 40.

Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies.

FACT No. 41.

Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial.

FACT No. 42.

Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'?

FACT No. 43.

You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'..

FACT No. 44.

You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones.

FACT No. 45.

The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'?

FACT No. 46.

If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews.

FACT No. 47.

If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs.

FACT No. 48.

If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?...

FACT No. 49.

Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″  56'&quot;-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'?

FACT No. 50.

Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?'

Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'?

The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/&lt;/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts&lt;/Ref&gt;.:


5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)!

Waleed Gohar
Waleed Gohar
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3 min read
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Jun 22, 2020

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Introduction:
Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location.
Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine.
Is 3G available in Palestine?
The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this?
Facts About Palestine (3G Network)
This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly.
There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain.
The Economy of Palestine:
Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true?
To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people.
Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan.
And what is textile is to Pakistan?
60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment!
The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries.
The National Animal of Palestine:
Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians.
Facts About Palestine (Gazelle)
Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash
These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle.
The National Flower of Palestine:
Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria.
The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy.
One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same?
Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing.
The Siege in Gaza:
In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing.
The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited.
Conclusion:
The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense.
Thank You very much for staying with me till the end!


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&quot;Jabaan&quot; likely refers to the word for &quot;Japan&quot; in the language of the user, which in this case is probably &quot;Swahili&quot; or &quot;Somali&quot;, as it is a transliteration of the word &quot;Japan&quot; in these languages. 
Here's a breakdown: 
&quot;Jabaan&quot; is a transliteration of &quot;Japan&quot; in Swahili and Somali:
The word &quot;Jabaan&quot; is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali.
Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa:
Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!!

==Sido kale fiiri==

* [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]]

* [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]]

* [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]]

* https://livingcost.org/

==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa==

BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23
EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa
Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. 

—


===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!===

[#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’

Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. 

[#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?…

In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. 

Your Contribution Makes a Difference
Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions.
DONATE TODAY…!!’?’

 endangered species africa 
[#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’..

There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime.

[#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’…

This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. 

 endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R.

[#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’?

Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal.

You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing?

[#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’…

There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/&lt;/Ref&gt;.::

endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’
[#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ 

The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. 

[#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’

The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild.

[#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’

Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful.

[#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’

This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. 

Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!!

알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다(&quot;..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..&quot;) [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 &quot;..[[미국인]]..!!..&quot;과 &quot;...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'&quot; 가치관을...!!'?'...
aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida(&quot;..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..&quot;) [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae &quot;..[[migug-in]]..!!..&quot;gwa &quot;...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'&quot; gachigwan-eul...!!'?'...

==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== 

By H. Nimmo.
Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks.  Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them.

=10,441 &quot;African Safaris&quot;=


[#01.]Ethiopian’s..!..
Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’…

The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s  It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs.

Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia

 
 [#02.]Pangolin
Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’

The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are.

Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa

 
 [#03.] Black Rhino
Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’….

Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front.  Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts.

Best places to see black rhino:

Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania
Etosha National Park, Namibia
Damaraland, Namibia
Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe
 

 [#04.] White Rhino
White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…

It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing.

Best places to see white rhino:

Kruger National Park, South Africa
uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa
Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa
Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa
 

 [#05.]Mountain Gorilla
Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’…

Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!!
Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda

 
 [#06.]African Wild Dog?
African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’

Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. 

Best places to see African wild dog:

Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe
Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa
Linyanti Concession, Botswana
Selinda Concession, Botswana
 

 [#07.] African Penguin
African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’

For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call.

Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa

 
 [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe
Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!…

The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees.

Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes:

Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya
Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda
Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda
Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda
 

 [#09.] Hooded Vulture
Hooded vulture..!!’?’

Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill.

Best places to see hooded vultures:

Moremi National Park, Botswana
Kruger National Park, South Africa
Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
 

 [#10.] Chimpanzee
Chimpanzee…!!’?’

When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’?

Best places to see chimpanzees:

Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania
Kibale National Park, Uganda
 

Want To Go on an African Safari?
Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators.

10,441 African Safaris

*&lt;ref&gt;https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/&lt;/ref&gt;.

* &lt;ref&gt;https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/&lt;/ref&gt;.


* https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540

* https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ 
* https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8

* https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette

* https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries//

* https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php&lt;/Ref&gt;

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

* https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html

* https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world&lt;/Ref&gt;.


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world&lt;/Ref&gt;.

* https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }}


* https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html


*https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world

&lt;Ref&gt;https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.

* https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/

*&lt;ref&gt;https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/&lt;/ref&gt;

*&lt;ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/ref&gt;.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.xe.com/popularity.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

*&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.&lt;/ref&gt;.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year&lt;/ref&gt;.:

 
* https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} 
* https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


* https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized
{{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }}

* https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel

* https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.:

{{Wayback|url=
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }}

* https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }}

* https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/


* https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead 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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kitaabka quduska</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305152</id>
      <parentid>268104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T20:11:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Hagaajin hordhaca maqaalka.</comment>
      <origin>305152</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2884" sha1="415h6gotlh2m5hhwkfrfr9c5y8o4ja3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: '''[[Axdigii Hore]]''' iyo '''[[Axdiga Cusub]]'''. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Axdiga Cusub wuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiillada|Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo '''[[Bool]]''' iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban '''Baybalka''' waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay '''66 buug''', kanonka '''[[Kaatoliga]]''' wuxuu ka kooban yahay '''73 buug''', halka kanonnada '''[[Ortodoksiga]]''' ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Baybalku''' wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, '''Baybalka''' waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>415h6gotlh2m5hhwkfrfr9c5y8o4ja3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305154</id>
      <parentid>305152</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T23:54:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>305154</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3142" sha1="lmr9afvve9r6ea5trzm6okn8pompzdw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Axdiga Cusub wuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiillada|Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>lmr9afvve9r6ea5trzm6okn8pompzdw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305161</id>
      <parentid>305154</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T00:46:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>305161</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3336" sha1="muanm7xa2cvjhjryif708akchgt5yit" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub. Axdiga Cusub wuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiillada|Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>muanm7xa2cvjhjryif708akchgt5yit</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305162</id>
      <parentid>305161</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T01:35:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>305162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3325" sha1="gq1dwe8jopgu8zvc6wr9vtrrlmvscu7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub. Axdiga Cusub wuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>gq1dwe8jopgu8zvc6wr9vtrrlmvscu7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305163</id>
      <parentid>305162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T01:36:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>305163</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3325" sha1="22iczcsauek29wbgwmasu7z8nx55qkz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub. Qoraalladani wuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>22iczcsauek29wbgwmasu7z8nx55qkz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305164</id>
      <parentid>305163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T01:44:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Asalka erayga</comment>
      <origin>305164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3776" sha1="5xtksrv1o6obry9dxvonct77ggqo3u7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub. Qoraalladani wuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>5xtksrv1o6obry9dxvonct77ggqo3u7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305165</id>
      <parentid>305164</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T02:30:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qaybaha</comment>
      <origin>305165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5473" sha1="fpn7d5yail15shp8dpgs3l7ax95ljz7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub. Qoraalladani wuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybaha ==
Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Axdigii Hore ===

==== Tawreedda ([[Towraad]]) ====

* Bilowgii 
* Baxniintii 
* Laawiyiintii 
* Tirintii 
* Sharciga 

==== Kunoqoshadiisa ====

* Taariikhda 
* Yashuuca 
* Xaakinnada 
* Ruud 
* Samuu'eel Kowaad 
* Samuu'eel Labaad 
* Boqorradii Kowaad 
* Boqorradii Labaad 
* Taariikhdii Kowaad 
* Taariikhdii Labaad 
* Cesraa 
* Nexemyaah 
* Esteer 

==== Gabayga ====

* Ayuub 
* Sabuurradii 
* Maahmaahyadii 
* Wacdiyahii 
* Gabaygii Sulaymaan 

==== Waxyiga ====

* Ishacyaah 
* Yeremyaah 
* Baroorashadii 
* Yeremyaah 
* Yexesqeel 
* Daanyeel 
* Hoosheeca 
* Yoo'eel 
* Caamoos 
* Cobadyaah 
* Yoonis 
* Miikaah 
* Naxuum 
* Xabaquuq 
* Sefanyaah 
* Xaggay 
* Sekaryaah 
* Malaakii

==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ====

* Toobit 
* Yudith 
* Xikmaddii Sulaymaan 
* Sirak 
* Baruuk 
* Maccabiyos Kowaad 
* Maccabiyos Labaad 

=== Axdiga Cusub ===

==== Injiilka ([[Injiil]]) ====

* Matayos 
* Markos 
* Luukos 
* Yooxanaa

==== Falimaha Rasuullada ====

* Falimaha Rasuullada 

==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ====

* Rooma 
* 1 Korintos 
* 2 Korintos 
* Galatiya 
* Efesos 
* Filiboy 
* Kolosay 
* 1 Tesaloniika 
* 2 Tesaloniika 
* 1 Timoteyos 
* 2 Timoteyos 
* Tiitos 
* Filemon 

==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ====

* Cibraaniyada 
* Yacquub 
* 1 Butros 
* 2 Butros 
* 1 Yooxanaa 
* 2 Yooxanaa 
* 3 Yooxanaa 
* Yuudas 

==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ====

* Muujintii

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>fpn7d5yail15shp8dpgs3l7ax95ljz7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305166</id>
      <parentid>305165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T02:33:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305166</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5473" sha1="q1j166c9opz4o4t6389ywvai6blgsj1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan

. Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybaha ==
Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Axdigii Hore ===

==== Tawreedda ([[Towraad]]) ====

* Bilowgii 
* Baxniintii 
* Laawiyiintii 
* Tirintii 
* Sharciga 

==== Kunoqoshadiisa ====

* Taariikhda 
* Yashuuca 
* Xaakinnada 
* Ruud 
* Samuu'eel Kowaad 
* Samuu'eel Labaad 
* Boqorradii Kowaad 
* Boqorradii Labaad 
* Taariikhdii Kowaad 
* Taariikhdii Labaad 
* Cesraa 
* Nexemyaah 
* Esteer 

==== Gabayga ====

* Ayuub 
* Sabuurradii 
* Maahmaahyadii 
* Wacdiyahii 
* Gabaygii Sulaymaan 

==== Waxyiga ====

* Ishacyaah 
* Yeremyaah 
* Baroorashadii 
* Yeremyaah 
* Yexesqeel 
* Daanyeel 
* Hoosheeca 
* Yoo'eel 
* Caamoos 
* Cobadyaah 
* Yoonis 
* Miikaah 
* Naxuum 
* Xabaquuq 
* Sefanyaah 
* Xaggay 
* Sekaryaah 
* Malaakii

==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ====

* Toobit 
* Yudith 
* Xikmaddii Sulaymaan 
* Sirak 
* Baruuk 
* Maccabiyos Kowaad 
* Maccabiyos Labaad 

=== Axdiga Cusub ===

==== Injiilka ([[Injiil]]) ====

* Matayos 
* Markos 
* Luukos 
* Yooxanaa

==== Falimaha Rasuullada ====

* Falimaha Rasuullada 

==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ====

* Rooma 
* 1 Korintos 
* 2 Korintos 
* Galatiya 
* Efesos 
* Filiboy 
* Kolosay 
* 1 Tesaloniika 
* 2 Tesaloniika 
* 1 Timoteyos 
* 2 Timoteyos 
* Tiitos 
* Filemon 

==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ====

* Cibraaniyada 
* Yacquub 
* 1 Butros 
* 2 Butros 
* 1 Yooxanaa 
* 2 Yooxanaa 
* 3 Yooxanaa 
* Yuudas 

==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ====

* Muujintii

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>q1j166c9opz4o4t6389ywvai6blgsj1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305167</id>
      <parentid>305166</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T02:33:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5472" sha1="3b3ndkp68ewkh3ls1tmehza3s0c4udt" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan.

Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybaha ==
Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Axdigii Hore ===

==== Tawreedda ([[Towraad]]) ====

* Bilowgii 
* Baxniintii 
* Laawiyiintii 
* Tirintii 
* Sharciga 

==== Kunoqoshadiisa ====

* Taariikhda 
* Yashuuca 
* Xaakinnada 
* Ruud 
* Samuu'eel Kowaad 
* Samuu'eel Labaad 
* Boqorradii Kowaad 
* Boqorradii Labaad 
* Taariikhdii Kowaad 
* Taariikhdii Labaad 
* Cesraa 
* Nexemyaah 
* Esteer 

==== Gabayga ====

* Ayuub 
* Sabuurradii 
* Maahmaahyadii 
* Wacdiyahii 
* Gabaygii Sulaymaan 

==== Waxyiga ====

* Ishacyaah 
* Yeremyaah 
* Baroorashadii 
* Yeremyaah 
* Yexesqeel 
* Daanyeel 
* Hoosheeca 
* Yoo'eel 
* Caamoos 
* Cobadyaah 
* Yoonis 
* Miikaah 
* Naxuum 
* Xabaquuq 
* Sefanyaah 
* Xaggay 
* Sekaryaah 
* Malaakii

==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ====

* Toobit 
* Yudith 
* Xikmaddii Sulaymaan 
* Sirak 
* Baruuk 
* Maccabiyos Kowaad 
* Maccabiyos Labaad 

=== Axdiga Cusub ===

==== Injiilka ([[Injiil]]) ====

* Matayos 
* Markos 
* Luukos 
* Yooxanaa

==== Falimaha Rasuullada ====

* Falimaha Rasuullada 

==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ====

* Rooma 
* 1 Korintos 
* 2 Korintos 
* Galatiya 
* Efesos 
* Filiboy 
* Kolosay 
* 1 Tesaloniika 
* 2 Tesaloniika 
* 1 Timoteyos 
* 2 Timoteyos 
* Tiitos 
* Filemon 

==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ====

* Cibraaniyada 
* Yacquub 
* 1 Butros 
* 2 Butros 
* 1 Yooxanaa 
* 2 Yooxanaa 
* 3 Yooxanaa 
* Yuudas 

==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ====

* Muujintii

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>3b3ndkp68ewkh3ls1tmehza3s0c4udt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305168</id>
      <parentid>305167</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T02:37:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5473" sha1="0ztk54qho4sq5l6lkt59mnwxcw6arg7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan.

Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybaha ==
Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt; Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. 

=== Axdigii Hore ===

==== Tawreedda ([[Towraad]]) ====

* Bilowgii 
* Baxniintii 
* Laawiyiintii 
* Tirintii 
* Sharciga 

==== Kunoqoshadiisa ====

* Taariikhda 
* Yashuuca 
* Xaakinnada 
* Ruud 
* Samuu'eel Kowaad 
* Samuu'eel Labaad 
* Boqorradii Kowaad 
* Boqorradii Labaad 
* Taariikhdii Kowaad 
* Taariikhdii Labaad 
* Cesraa 
* Nexemyaah 
* Esteer 

==== Gabayga ====

* Ayuub 
* Sabuurradii 
* Maahmaahyadii 
* Wacdiyahii 
* Gabaygii Sulaymaan 

==== Waxyiga ====

* Ishacyaah 
* Yeremyaah 
* Baroorashadii 
* Yeremyaah 
* Yexesqeel 
* Daanyeel 
* Hoosheeca 
* Yoo'eel 
* Caamoos 
* Cobadyaah 
* Yoonis 
* Miikaah 
* Naxuum 
* Xabaquuq 
* Sefanyaah 
* Xaggay 
* Sekaryaah 
* Malaakii

==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ====

* Toobit 
* Yudith 
* Xikmaddii Sulaymaan 
* Sirak 
* Baruuk 
* Maccabiyos Kowaad 
* Maccabiyos Labaad 

=== Axdiga Cusub ===

==== Injiilka ([[Injiil]]) ====

* Matayos 
* Markos 
* Luukos 
* Yooxanaa

==== Falimaha Rasuullada ====

* Falimaha Rasuullada 

==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ====

* Rooma 
* 1 Korintos 
* 2 Korintos 
* Galatiya 
* Efesos 
* Filiboy 
* Kolosay 
* 1 Tesaloniika 
* 2 Tesaloniika 
* 1 Timoteyos 
* 2 Timoteyos 
* Tiitos 
* Filemon 

==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ====

* Cibraaniyada 
* Yacquub 
* 1 Butros 
* 2 Butros 
* 1 Yooxanaa 
* 2 Yooxanaa 
* 3 Yooxanaa 
* Yuudas 

==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ====

* Muujintii

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>0ztk54qho4sq5l6lkt59mnwxcw6arg7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305169</id>
      <parentid>305168</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T02:38:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305169</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5485" sha1="e9o6utaj05n4s2r7amv14iy5mhcn5q5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan.

Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybaha ==
Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt; Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. 

=== Axdigii Hore ===

==== Tawreedda ([[Towraad]]) ====

* Bilowgii 
* Baxniintii 
* Laawiyiintii 
* Tirintii 
* Sharciga 

==== Kunoqoshadiisa ====

* Taariikhda 
* Yashuuca 
* Xaakinnada 
* Ruud 
* Samuu'eel Kowaad 
* Samuu'eel Labaad 
* Boqorradii Kowaad 
* Boqorradii Labaad 
* Taariikhdii Kowaad 
* Taariikhdii Labaad 
* Cesraa 
* Nexemyaah 
* Esteer 

==== Gabayga ====

* Ayuub 
* Sabuurradii 
* Maahmaahyadii 
* Wacdiyahii 
* Gabaygii Sulaymaan 

==== Waxyiga ====

* Ishacyaah 
* Yeremyaah 
* Baroorashadii 
* Yeremyaah 
* Yexesqeel 
* Daanyeel 
* Hoosheeca 
* Yoo'eel 
* Caamoos 
* Cobadyaah 
* Yoonis 
* Miikaah 
* Naxuum 
* Xabaquuq 
* Sefanyaah 
* Xaggay 
* Sekaryaah 
* Malaakii

==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ====

* Toobit 
* Yudith 
* Xikmaddii Sulaymaan 
* Sirak 
* Baruuk 
* Maccabiyos Kowaad 
* Maccabiyos Labaad 

=== Axdiga Cusub ===

==== Injiilka ([[Injiil]]) ====

* Matayos 
* Markos 
* Luukos 
* Yooxanaa

==== Falimaha Rasuullada ====

* Falimaha Rasuullada 

==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ====

* Rooma 
* 1 Korintos 
* 2 Korintos 
* Galatiya 
* Efesos 
* Filiboy 
* Kolosay 
* 1 Tesaloniika 
* 2 Tesaloniika 
* 1 Timoteyos 
* 2 Timoteyos 
* Tiitos 
* Filemon 

==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ====

* Cibraaniyada 
* Yacquub 
* 1 Butros 
* 2 Butros 
* 1 Yooxanaa 
* 2 Yooxanaa 
* 3 Yooxanaa 
* Yuudas 

==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ====

* Muujintii

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]
* [[Ciise]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>e9o6utaj05n4s2r7amv14iy5mhcn5q5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305172</id>
      <parentid>305169</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T02:46:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5474" sha1="qnukzamuo7hc2ylvpc32w4ofrf2md5a" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan.

Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybaha ==
Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt; Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. 

=== Axdigii Hore ===

==== [[Towraad|Tawreedda]] ====

* Bilowgii 
* Baxniintii 
* Laawiyiintii 
* Tirintii 
* Sharciga 

==== Kunoqoshadiisa ====

* Taariikhda 
* Yashuuca 
* Xaakinnada 
* Ruud 
* Samuu'eel Kowaad 
* Samuu'eel Labaad 
* Boqorradii Kowaad 
* Boqorradii Labaad 
* Taariikhdii Kowaad 
* Taariikhdii Labaad 
* Cesraa 
* Nexemyaah 
* Esteer 

==== Gabayga ====

* Ayuub 
* Sabuurradii 
* Maahmaahyadii 
* Wacdiyahii 
* Gabaygii Sulaymaan 

==== Waxyiga ====

* Ishacyaah 
* Yeremyaah 
* Baroorashadii 
* Yeremyaah 
* Yexesqeel 
* Daanyeel 
* Hoosheeca 
* Yoo'eel 
* Caamoos 
* Cobadyaah 
* Yoonis 
* Miikaah 
* Naxuum 
* Xabaquuq 
* Sefanyaah 
* Xaggay 
* Sekaryaah 
* Malaakii

==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ====

* Toobit 
* Yudith 
* Xikmaddii Sulaymaan 
* Sirak 
* Baruuk 
* Maccabiyos Kowaad 
* Maccabiyos Labaad 

=== Axdiga Cusub ===

==== [[Injiilka]] ====

* Matayos 
* Markos 
* Luukos 
* Yooxanaa

==== Falimaha Rasuullada ====

* Falimaha Rasuullada 

==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ====

* Rooma 
* 1 Korintos 
* 2 Korintos 
* Galatiya 
* Efesos 
* Filiboy 
* Kolosay 
* 1 Tesaloniika 
* 2 Tesaloniika 
* 1 Timoteyos 
* 2 Timoteyos 
* Tiitos 
* Filemon 

==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ====

* Cibraaniyada 
* Yacquub 
* 1 Butros 
* 2 Butros 
* 1 Yooxanaa 
* 2 Yooxanaa 
* 3 Yooxanaa 
* Yuudas 

==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ====

* Muujintii

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]
* [[Ciise]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>qnukzamuo7hc2ylvpc32w4ofrf2md5a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305173</id>
      <parentid>305172</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T02:49:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Axdiga Cusub */</comment>
      <origin>305173</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5496" sha1="bxmmft68g00fnygd77gfm4p7t0zwemg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan.

Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybaha ==
Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt; Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. 

=== Axdigii Hore ===

==== [[Towraad|Tawreedda]] ====

* Bilowgii 
* Baxniintii 
* Laawiyiintii 
* Tirintii 
* Sharciga 

==== Kunoqoshadiisa ====

* Taariikhda 
* Yashuuca 
* Xaakinnada 
* Ruud 
* Samuu'eel Kowaad 
* Samuu'eel Labaad 
* Boqorradii Kowaad 
* Boqorradii Labaad 
* Taariikhdii Kowaad 
* Taariikhdii Labaad 
* Cesraa 
* Nexemyaah 
* Esteer 

==== Gabayga ====

* Ayuub 
* Sabuurradii 
* Maahmaahyadii 
* Wacdiyahii 
* Gabaygii Sulaymaan 

==== Waxyiga ====

* Ishacyaah 
* Yeremyaah 
* Baroorashadii 
* Yeremyaah 
* Yexesqeel 
* Daanyeel 
* Hoosheeca 
* Yoo'eel 
* Caamoos 
* Cobadyaah 
* Yoonis 
* Miikaah 
* Naxuum 
* Xabaquuq 
* Sefanyaah 
* Xaggay 
* Sekaryaah 
* Malaakii

==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ====

* Toobit 
* Yudith 
* Xikmaddii Sulaymaan 
* Sirak 
* Baruuk 
* Maccabiyos Kowaad 
* Maccabiyos Labaad 

=== Axdiga Cusub ===

==== [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiilka]] ====

* Matayos 
* Markos 
* Luukos 
* Yooxanaa

==== Falimaha Rasuullada ====

* Falimaha Rasuullada 

==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ====

* Rooma 
* 1 Korintos 
* 2 Korintos 
* Galatiya 
* Efesos 
* Filiboy 
* Kolosay 
* 1 Tesaloniika 
* 2 Tesaloniika 
* 1 Timoteyos 
* 2 Timoteyos 
* Tiitos 
* Filemon 

==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ====

* Cibraaniyada 
* Yacquub 
* 1 Butros 
* 2 Butros 
* 1 Yooxanaa 
* 2 Yooxanaa 
* 3 Yooxanaa 
* Yuudas 

==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ====

* Muujintii

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]
* [[Ciise]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>bxmmft68g00fnygd77gfm4p7t0zwemg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305180</id>
      <parentid>305173</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T04:46:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Qaybaha */</comment>
      <origin>305180</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5494" sha1="l9ol03bzc7yfito56z0eqidj6b4de74" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]]
'''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan.

Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise]] Masiix, kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}}

== Asalka erayga ==
Erayga la yiraahdo &quot;Baybal&quot; wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda &quot;Biblos&quot;, waxaana micnihiisu yahay &quot;Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha&quot;. Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qaybo ==
Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah&lt;/ref&gt; Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. 

=== Axdigii Hore ===

==== [[Towraad|Tawreedda]] ====

* Bilowgii 
* Baxniintii 
* Laawiyiintii 
* Tirintii 
* Sharciga 

==== Kunoqoshadiisa ====

* Taariikhda 
* Yashuuca 
* Xaakinnada 
* Ruud 
* Samuu'eel Kowaad 
* Samuu'eel Labaad 
* Boqorradii Kowaad 
* Boqorradii Labaad 
* Taariikhdii Kowaad 
* Taariikhdii Labaad 
* Cesraa 
* Nexemyaah 
* Esteer 

==== Gabayga ====

* Ayuub 
* Sabuurradii 
* Maahmaahyadii 
* Wacdiyahii 
* Gabaygii Sulaymaan 

==== Waxyiga ====

* Ishacyaah 
* Yeremyaah 
* Baroorashadii 
* Yeremyaah 
* Yexesqeel 
* Daanyeel 
* Hoosheeca 
* Yoo'eel 
* Caamoos 
* Cobadyaah 
* Yoonis 
* Miikaah 
* Naxuum 
* Xabaquuq 
* Sefanyaah 
* Xaggay 
* Sekaryaah 
* Malaakii

==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ====

* Toobit 
* Yudith 
* Xikmaddii Sulaymaan 
* Sirak 
* Baruuk 
* Maccabiyos Kowaad 
* Maccabiyos Labaad 

=== Axdiga Cusub ===

==== [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiilka]] ====

* Matayos 
* Markos 
* Luukos 
* Yooxanaa

==== Falimaha Rasuullada ====

* Falimaha Rasuullada 

==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ====

* Rooma 
* 1 Korintos 
* 2 Korintos 
* Galatiya 
* Efesos 
* Filiboy 
* Kolosay 
* 1 Tesaloniika 
* 2 Tesaloniika 
* 1 Timoteyos 
* 2 Timoteyos 
* Tiitos 
* Filemon 

==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ====

* Cibraaniyada 
* Yacquub 
* 1 Butros 
* 2 Butros 
* 1 Yooxanaa 
* 2 Yooxanaa 
* 3 Yooxanaa 
* Yuudas 

==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ====

* Muujintii

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Axdigii Hore]]
** [[Towraad]]
** [[Sabuur]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]
* [[Ciise]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==
&lt;references/&gt;
[[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]]
[[category:Diin]]</text>
      <sha1>l9ol03bzc7yfito56z0eqidj6b4de74</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:BaseConvert</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>13461</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305112</id>
      <parentid>124933</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:18:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305112</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2918" sha1="pittardebat8getcpz6hwvf6a7wspqr" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

local digits = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

local function normalizeFullWidthChars(s)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(s, '[！-～]', function(s)
		return mw.ustring.char(mw.ustring.codepoint(s, 1) - 0xFEE0)
	end)
end

local function _convert(n, base, from, precision, width, default, prefix, suffix)
	n = tostring(n)

	-- strip off any leading '0x' (unless x is a valid digit in the input base)
	from = tonumber(from)
	if not from or from &lt; 34 then
		local c
		n, c = n:gsub('^(-?)0[Xx]', '%1')
		if c &gt; 0 and not from then from = 16 end
	end

	-- check for a negative sign. Do this while the input is still in string form,
	-- because tonumber doesn't support negative numbers in non-10 bases.
	local sign = ''
	local c
	n, c = n:gsub('^-', '')
	if c &gt; 0 then sign = '-' end

	-- replace any full-width Unicode characters in the string with their ASCII equivalents
	n = normalizeFullWidthChars(n)

	-- handle scientific notation with whitespace around the 'e' e.g. '5 e7'
	n = n:gsub('%s*[eE]%s*', 'e')

	from = from or 10
	local num = tonumber(n, from)
	base = tonumber(base)
	precision = tonumber(precision)
	width = tonumber(width)

	if not num or not base then return default or n end

	local i, f = math.modf(num)

	local t = {}
	repeat
		local d = (i % base) + 1
		i = math.floor(i / base)
		table.insert(t, 1, digits:sub(d, d))
	until i == 0
	while #t &lt; (width or 0) do
		table.insert(t, 1, '0')
	end
	local intPart = table.concat(t, '')

	-- compute the fractional part
	local tf = {}
	while f &gt; 0 and #tf &lt; (precision or 10) do
		f = f * base
		i, f = math.modf(f)
		table.insert(tf, digits:sub(i + 1, i + 1))
	end

	-- add trailing zeros if needed
	if precision and #tf &lt; precision then
		for i = 1, precision - #tf do
			table.insert(tf, '0')
		end
	end

	local fracPart = table.concat(tf, '')

	-- remove trailing zeros if not needed
	if not precision then
		fracPart = fracPart:gsub('0*$', '')
	end

	-- add the radix point if needed
	if #fracPart &gt; 0 then
		fracPart = '.' .. fracPart
	end

	return (prefix or '') .. sign .. intPart .. fracPart .. (suffix or '')
end

function p.convert(frame)
	-- Allow for invocation via #invoke or directly from another module
	local args
	if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then
		args = frame.args
	else
		args = frame
	end

	local n = args.n
	local base = args.base
	local from = args.from
	local precision = args.precision
	local width = args.width
	local default = args.default
	local prefix = args.prefix
	local suffix = args.suffix
	return _convert(n, base, from, precision, width, default, prefix, suffix)
end

setmetatable(p, {
	__index = function(t, k)
		local from, base = k:match('^([0-9]+)to([0-9]+)$')
		if not from then return nil end
		return function(frame)
			local args = frame.args
			return _convert(mw.text.trim(args[1]), base, from, args.precision, args.width,
				args.default, args.prefix, args.suffix)
		end
	end
})

return p</text>
      <sha1>pittardebat8getcpz6hwvf6a7wspqr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Period color</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>13826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305113</id>
      <parentid>125487</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:22:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305113</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7075" sha1="paxk7x1hpbvvc6xj815bse62f5d0h0a" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}}
|phanerozoic=rgb(154,217,221)
 |cenozoic=rgb(242,249,29)
  |quaternary=rgb(249,249,127)
   |holocene=rgb(253,230,202)
    |meghalayan|upper holocene|late holocene=rgb(253,237,236)
    |northgrippian|middle holocene=rgb(253,236,228)
    |greenlandian|lower holocene|early holocene=rgb(254,236,219)
   |pleistocene=rgb(255,239,175)
    |upper pleistocene|tarantian=rgb(255,242,211)
    |chibanian|middle pleistocene|ionian=rgb(255,242,199)
    |lower pleistocene|early pleistocene=rgb(255,240,185)&lt;!--SEMI-OFFICIAL--&gt;
    |calabrian=rgb(255,242,186)
    |gelasian=rgb(255,237,179)
  |neogene=rgb(255,230,25)
   |pliocene=rgb(255,255,153)
    |piacenzian=rgb(255,255,191)
    |zanclean=rgb(255,255,179)
   |miocene=rgb(255,255,0)
    |messinian=rgb(255,255,115)
    |tortonian=rgb(255,255,102)
    |serravallian=rgb(255,255,89)
    |langhian=rgb(255,255,77)
    |burdigalian=rgb(255,255,65)
    |aquitanian=rgb(255,255,51)   
  |paleogene|palæogene|palaeogene=rgb(253,154,82)
   |oligocene=rgb(254,192,122)
    |chattian=rgb(254,230,170)
    |rupelian=rgb(254,217,154)
   |eocene=rgb(253,180,108)
    |priabonian=rgb(253,205,161)
    |bartonian=rgb(253,192,145)
    |lutetian=rgb(253,180,130)
    |ypresian=rgb(252,167,115)
   |paleocene|palæocene|palaeocene=rgb(253,167,95)
    |thanetian=rgb(253,191,111)
    |selandian=rgb(254,191,101)
    |danian=rgb(253,180,98)
 |mesozoic=rgb(103,197,202)
  |cretaceous=rgb(127,198,78)
   |late cretaceous|upper cretaceous=rgb(166,216,74)
    |maastrichtian=rgb(242,250,140)
    |campanian=rgb(230,244,127)
    |santonian=rgb(217,239,116)
    |coniacian=rgb(204,233,104)
    |turonian=rgb(191,227,93)
    |cenomanian=rgb(179,222,83)
   |early cretaceous|lower cretaceous=rgb(140,205,87)
    |albian=rgb(204,234,151)
    |aptian=rgb(191,228,138)
    |barremian=rgb(179,223,127)
    |hauterivian=rgb(166,217,117)
    |valanginian=rgb(153,211,106)
    |berriasian=rgb(140,205,96)
  |jurassic=rgb(52,178,201)
   |late jurassic|upper jurassic=rgb(179,227,238)
    |tithonian=rgb(217,241,247)
    |kimmeridgian=rgb(204,236,244)
    |oxfordian=rgb(191,231,241)
   |middle jurassic|mid jurassic=rgb(128,207,216)
    |callovian=rgb(191,231,229)
    |bathonian=rgb(179,226,227)
    |bajocian=rgb(166,221,224)
    |aalenian=rgb(154,217,221)
   |early jurassic|lower jurassic=rgb(66,174,208)
    |toarcian=rgb(153,206,227)
    |pliensbachian=rgb(128,197,221)
    |sinemurian=rgb(103,188,216)
    |hettangian=rgb(78,179,211)
  |triassic=rgb(129,43,146)
   |late triassic|upper triassic=rgb(189,140,195)
    |rhaetian=rgb(227,185,219)
    |norian=rgb(214,170,211)
    |carnian=rgb(201,155,203)
   |middle triassic|mid triassic=rgb(177,104,177)
    |ladinian=rgb(201,131,191)
    |anisian=rgb(188,117,183)
   |lower triassic|early triassic=rgb(152,57,153)
    |olenekian=rgb(176,81,165)
    |induan=rgb(164,70,159)
 |paleozoic|palæozoic|palaeozoic=rgb(153,192,141)
  |permian=rgb(240,64,40)
   |lopingian|late permian|upper permian=rgb(251,167,148)
    |changhsingian=rgb(252,192,178)
    |wuchiapingian=rgb(252,180,162)
   |guadalupian|middle permian|mid permian=rgb(251,116,92)
    |capitanian=rgb(251,154,133)
    |wordian=rgb(251,141,118)
    |roadian=rgb(251,128,105)
   |cisuralian|early permian|lower permian=rgb(239,88,69)
    |kungurian=rgb(227,135,118)
    |artinskian=rgb(227,123,104)
    |sakmarian=rgb(227,111,92)
    |asselian=rgb(227,99,80)
  |carboniferous=rgb(103,165,153)
   |pennsylvanian|upper carboniferous|late carboniferous=rgb(126,188,198)
    |upper pennsylvanian|late pennsylvanian=rgb(191,208,186)
     |gzhelian=rgb(204,212,199)
     |kasimovian=rgb(191,208,197)
    |middle pennsylvanian|mid pennsylvanian=rgb(166,199,183)
     |moscovian=rgb(179,203,185)
    |lower pennsylvanian|early pennsylvanian=rgb(140,190,180)
     |bashkirian=rgb(153,194,181)
   |mississippian|lower carboniferous|early carboniferous=rgb(103,143,102)
    |upper mississippian|late mississippian=rgb(179,190,108)
     |serpukhovian=rgb(191,194,107)
    |middle mississippian=rgb(153,180,108)
     |visean=rgb(166,185,108)
    |lower mississippian=rgb(128,171,108)
     |tournaisian=rgb(140,176,108)
  |devonian=rgb(203,140,55)
   |upper devonian|late devonian=rgb(241,225,157)
    |famennian=rgb(242,237,179)
    |frasnian=rgb(242,237,173)
   |middle devonian|mid devonian=rgb(241,200,104)
    |givetian=rgb(241,225,133)
    |eifelian=rgb(241,213,118)
   |lower devonian|early devonian=rgb(229,172,77)
    |emsian=rgb(229,208,117)
    |pragian|praghian=rgb(229,196,104)
    |lochkovian=rgb(229,183,90)
  |silurian=rgb(179,225,182)
   |pridoli|latest silurian=rgb(230,245,225)
   |ludlow|late silurian|upper silurian=rgb(191,230,207)
    |ludfordian=rgb(217,240,223)
    |gorstian=rgb(204,236,221)
   |wenlock|middle silurian|mid silurian=rgb(179,225,194)
    |homerian=rgb(204,235,209)
    |sheinwoodian=rgb(191,230,195)
   |llandovery|lower silurian|early silurian=rgb(153,215,179)
    |telychian=rgb(191,230,207)
    |aeronian=rgb(179,225,194)
    |rhuddanian=rgb(166,220,181)
  |ordovician=rgb(0,146,112)
   |upper ordovician|late ordovician=rgb(127,202,147)
    |hirnantian=rgb(166,219,171)
    |katian=rgb(153,214,159)
    |sandbian=rgb(140,208,148)
   |middle ordovician|mid ordovician=rgb(77,180,126)
    |darriwilian=rgb(116,198,156)
    |dapingian=rgb(102,192,146)
   |lower ordovician|early ordovician|tremadoc|ashgill=rgb(26,157,111)
    |floian=rgb(65,176,135)
    |tremadocian=rgb(51,169,126)
  |cambrian=rgb(127,160,86)
   |furongian|cambrian series 4|series 4=rgb(179,224,149)
    |cambrian stage 10|stage 10=rgb(230,245,201)
    |jiangshanian|cambrian stage 9|stage 9=rgb(217,240,187)
    |paibian=rgb(204,235,174)
   |miaolingian|cambrian series 3|series 3|middle cambrian|mid cambrian=rgb(166,207,134)
    |guzhangian=rgb(204,223,170)
    |drumian=rgb(191,217,157)
    |wuliuan|cambrian stage 5|stage 5=rgb(179,212,146)
   |cambrian series 2|lower cambrian|series 2=rgb(153,192,120)
    |cambrian stage 4|stage 4=rgb(179,202,142)
    |cambrian stage 3|stage 3=rgb(166,197,131)
   |terreneuvian|cambrian series 1|series 1=rgb(140,176,108)
    |cambrian stage 2|stage 2=rgb(166,186,128)
    |fortunian|cambrian stage 1|stage 1=rgb(153,181,117)
|precambrian=rgb(247,67,112)
 |proterozoic=rgb(247,53,99)
  |neoproterozoic=rgb(254,179,66)
   |ediacaran=rgb(254,217,106)
   |cryogenian=rgb(254,204,92)
   |tonian=rgb(254,191,78)
  |mesoproterozoic=rgb(253,180,98)
   |stenian=rgb(254,217,154)
   |ectasian=rgb(253,204,138)
   |calymmian=rgb(253,192,122)
  |paleoproterozoic|palaeoproterozoic|palæoproterozoic=rgb(247,67,112)
   |statherian=rgb(248,117,167)
   |orosirian=rgb(247,104,152)
   |rhyacian=rgb(247,91,137)
   |siderian=rgb(247,79,124)
 |archean=rgb(240,4,127)
   |neoarchean=rgb(249,155,193)
   |mesoarchean=rgb(247,104,169)
   |paleoarchean|palæoarchean|palaeoarchean=rgb(244,68,159)
   |eoarchean=rgb(218,3,127)
 |hadean=rgb(174,2,126)

&lt;!--Unused/Unofficial Time Spans--&gt;
|tertiary=rgb(242,249,2)
|early cambrian=rgb(159,184,133)&lt;!--Unofficial! --&gt;

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Newarticletext</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>19082</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305133</id>
      <parentid>155454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:43:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305133</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7372" sha1="p7acnds2v2u9pekh47fij35u03hyulz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;
{{New page DYM}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
| {{ns:0}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = &lt;ul class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;'''''Kahin abuurin maqaal, fadlan akhri [[Help:Your first article]]. Waxaan kugula talinaynaa in tafatirayaasha cusubi isticmaalaan [[WP:Article wizard|Article wizard]].'''''&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad [[Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|raadisaa]] maqaal hore u jiray oo aad [[Help:redirect|u sii jeedin karto]] cinwaankan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Markaad abuurayso maqaal, '''bixi [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|tixraacyo]]''' oo ku socda [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ilaha la halmaami karo ee la daabacay]]. Maqaal aan lahayn tixraacyo, gaar ahaan [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|taariikh nololeedka qof nool]], waa la tirtiri karaa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad ka bilaabi kartaa maqaalkaaga cusub [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Article_wizard/userpageskeleton&amp;editintro=Wikipedia:Article_wizard/version1/Wizard-New_edit_instructions_userdraft}} Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}]. Halkaas, waxaad ku horumarin kartaa maqaalka adigoo halis yar ugu jira tirtirid, waxaad ka codsan kartaa tafatirayaasha kale inay ka caawiyaan ka shaqayntiisa, oo aad [[Wikipedia:Moving a page|u dhaqaajiso]] &quot;[[Wikipedia:What is an article?#Namespace|meesha maqaalka]]&quot; marka uu diyaarsado.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}
| {{ns:User talk}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Ma jiraan fariimo''' oo weli loo soo dhigay isticmaalahan. {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    |
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 }}&lt;!--If on an IP-user talk page (both IPv4 and IPv6 works),
        then show the MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext.
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}
  | {{#if: {{#invoke:IPAddress|isIp|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}
    | {{MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext|caller=MediaWiki:Newarticletext}} 
    }}
  }}
| {{TALKSPACE}} =
{{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through
 --&gt;|&lt;!-- Subjectless talk page 
 --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through 
   --&gt;|&lt;!-- No parent page either (don't display on /Archive pages)
   --&gt;{{Creating talk page without subject}}}}}}
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha [[Help:Talk pages|bog wadahadal]] oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}
      | 
      | Ogow in {{#if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} 
        | bogga mowduuca 
        | maqaalka 
        }} ee u dhigma ''[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]'' uusan sidoo kale jirin.
      }}
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}

| {{ns:File}} =
  {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
  | {{#ifexist:Media:{{PAGENAME}}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
Faylkan warbaahinta wuxuu ku jiraa [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]&amp;mdash;ee ma aha Wikipedia-da Ingiriiska. Sharaxaadaha waa in lagu dhejiyaa halkaas. Boggan waa in si dhif ah loo isticmaalaa marka laga reebo in lagu tilmaamo [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|sawirrada la soo xulay]].

Fadlan eeg [[commons:File:{{PAGENAME}}|bogga sharaxaadda ee Commons]] si aad u hesho macluumaadka faylka, &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks liiska boggaga isticmaala faylkan]&lt;/span&gt;, ama [[{{ns:Media}}:{{PAGENAME}}|xiriirinta tooska ah ee faylkan]].
      }}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha bog Fayl oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' Fadlan ha abuurin boggan gacanta. Haddii aad rabto inaad soo geliso fayl la yiraahdo ''{{PAGENAME}}'', eeg [[Wikipedia:Uploading images]] wixii tilmaamo ah. Haddii sawirkan dhawaan la tirtiray, waxaa laga yaabaa inuu weli ka muuqdo bogag qaar oo ah xiriirin cas. &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks Eeg liiska boggaga soo bandhigaya sawirkan.]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;Haddii faylkan uu hore u jiray, waxaa laga yaabaa in maxalli lagu tirtiray ([{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} diiwaanka tirtiridda maxalliga ah]) ama Wikimedia Commons ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}} diiwaanka tirtiridda Commons]).&lt;/span&gt;
      }}
    }}
  | {{fmbox
    | type  = editnotice
    | id    = newarticletext
    | image = none
    | text  = Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
  }}

| #default =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha {{
    #switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
    | Category  = [[Help:Category|qaybta]]
    | Help      = [[Help:Contents|bogga caawinta]]
    | Portal    = [[Wikipedia:Portal|portalka]]
    | Template  = [[Wikipedia:Template messages|muunad]]
    | User      = [[Wikipedia:User page|bogga isticmaalaha]]
    | Wikipedia = [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|bogga mashruuca]]
    | #default  = bogga
    }} oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
      | Category  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Category}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] qaybaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Help      = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Help:Contents|boggaga caawinta ee jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Portal    = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:Contents/Portals|portaalada jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Template  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Template}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] muunadaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | User      = Guud ahaan, boggan waxaa abuuri kara oo tafatiri kara [[{{ns:User}}:{{PAGENAME}}]].
      | Wikipedia = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines|siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha jira]] ama [[Special:Search/{{ns:Project}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] boggaga mashruuca ee la midka ah ee jira.
      }}
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Help:Subpages]].
    }} &lt;p&gt; Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/p&gt;
  }}

}}&lt;!--Switch end--&gt;&lt;!--Start book box--&gt;{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book:|nomatch= }}{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|nomatch= }}|{{fmbox|type=system|text=&lt;strong&gt;Boggan waxaa laga yaabaainuu u jiray qayb ka mid ah magaca buugga hore.&lt;/strong&gt; Haddii ay sidaas tahay waxaa u badan in loo raray [[{{#invoke:String|replace|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|Book:|plain=False}}|^Book:|Wikipedia:Books/archive/|plain=False}}]] kahor intaan la tirtirin. Eeg [[Wikipedia:Books]] wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.}}}}&lt;!--End book box--&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>p7acnds2v2u9pekh47fij35u03hyulz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305134</id>
      <parentid>305133</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:46:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305134</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7381" sha1="sv4rg2lu2o9krjgu3x44p0uif39zhz4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;
{{New page DYM}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
| {{ns:0}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = &lt;ul class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;'''''Kahin abuurin maqaal, fadlan akhri [[Help:Your first article]]. Waxaan kugula talinaynaa in tafatirayaasha cusubi isticmaalaan [[WP:Article wizard|Article wizard]].'''''&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad [[Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|raadisaa]] maqaal hore u jiray oo aad [[Help:redirect|u sii jeedin karto]] cinwaankan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Markaad abuurayso maqaal, '''bixi [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|tixraacyo]]''' oo ku socda [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ilaha la halmaami karo ee la daabacay]]. Maqaal aan lahayn tixraacyo, gaar ahaan [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|taariikh nololeedka qof nool]], waa la tirtiri karaa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad ka bilaabi kartaa maqaalkaaga cusub [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Article_wizard/userpageskeleton&amp;editintro=Wikipedia:Article_wizard/version1/Wizard-New_edit_instructions_userdraft}} Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}]. Halkaas, waxaad ku horumarin kartaa maqaalka adigoo halis yar ugu jira tirtirid, waxaad ka codsan kartaa tafatirayaasha kale inay ka caawiyaan ka shaqayntiisa, oo aad [[Wikipedia:Moving a page|u dhaqaajiso]] &quot;[[Wikipedia:What is an article?#Namespace|meesha maqaalka]]&quot; marka uu diyaarsado.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}
| {{ns:User talk}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Ma jiraan fariimo''' oo weli loo soo dhigay isticmaalahan. {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    |
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 }}&lt;!--If on an IP-user talk page (both IPv4 and IPv6 works),
        then show the MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext.
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}
  | {{#if: {{#invoke:IPAddress|isIp|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}
    | {{MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext|caller=MediaWiki:Newarticletext}} 
    }}
  }}
| {{TALKSPACE}} =
{{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through
 --&gt;|&lt;!-- Subjectless talk page 
 --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through 
   --&gt;|&lt;!-- No parent page either (don't display on /Archive pages)
   --&gt;{{Creating talk page without subject}}}}}}
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha [[Help:Talk pages|bog wadahadal]] oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}
      | 
      | Ogow in {{#if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} 
        | bogga mowduuca 
        | maqaalka 
        }} ee u dhigma ''[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]'' uusan sidoo kale jirin.
      }}
    | Kahor intaanad abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}

| {{ns:File}} =
  {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
  | {{#ifexist:Media:{{PAGENAME}}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
Faylkan warbaahinta wuxuu ku jiraa [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]&amp;mdash;ee ma aha Wikipedia-da Ingiriiska. Sharaxaadaha waa in lagu dhejiyaa halkaas. Boggan waa in si dhif ah loo isticmaalaa marka laga reebo in lagu tilmaamo [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|sawirrada la soo xulay]].

Fadlan eeg [[commons:File:{{PAGENAME}}|bogga sharaxaadda ee Commons]] si aad u hesho macluumaadka faylka, &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks liiska boggaga isticmaala faylkan]&lt;/span&gt;, ama [[{{ns:Media}}:{{PAGENAME}}|xiriirinta tooska ah ee faylkan]].
      }}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha bog Fayl oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' Fadlan ha abuurin boggan gacanta. Haddii aad rabto inaad soo geliso fayl la yiraahdo ''{{PAGENAME}}'', eeg [[Wikipedia:Uploading images]] wixii tilmaamo ah. Haddii sawirkan dhawaan la tirtiray, waxaa laga yaabaa inuu weli ka muuqdo bogag qaar oo ah xiriirin cas. &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks Eeg liiska boggaga soo bandhigaya sawirkan.]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;Haddii faylkan uu hore u jiray, waxaa laga yaabaa in maxalli lagu tirtiray ([{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} diiwaanka tirtiridda maxalliga ah]) ama Wikimedia Commons ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}} diiwaanka tirtiridda Commons]).&lt;/span&gt;
      }}
    }}
  | {{fmbox
    | type  = editnotice
    | id    = newarticletext
    | image = none
    | text  = Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
  }}

| #default =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha {{
    #switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
    | Category  = [[Help:Category|qaybta]]
    | Help      = [[Help:Contents|bogga caawinta]]
    | Portal    = [[Wikipedia:Portal|portalka]]
    | Template  = [[Wikipedia:Template messages|muunad]]
    | User      = [[Wikipedia:User page|bogga isticmaalaha]]
    | Wikipedia = [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|bogga mashruuca]]
    | #default  = bogga
    }} oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
      | Category  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Category}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] qaybaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Help      = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Help:Contents|boggaga caawinta ee jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Portal    = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:Contents/Portals|portaalada jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Template  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Template}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] muunadaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | User      = Guud ahaan, boggan waxaa abuuri kara oo tafatiri kara [[{{ns:User}}:{{PAGENAME}}]].
      | Wikipedia = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines|siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha jira]] ama [[Special:Search/{{ns:Project}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] boggaga mashruuca ee la midka ah ee jira.
      }}
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Help:Subpages]].
    }} &lt;p&gt; Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/p&gt;
  }}

}}&lt;!--Switch end--&gt;&lt;!--Start book box--&gt;{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book:|nomatch= }}{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|nomatch= }}|{{fmbox|type=system|text=&lt;strong&gt;Boggan waxaa laga yaabaainuu u jiray qayb ka mid ah magaca buugga hore.&lt;/strong&gt; Haddii ay sidaas tahay waxaa u badan in loo raray [[{{#invoke:String|replace|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|Book:|plain=False}}|^Book:|Wikipedia:Books/archive/|plain=False}}]] kahor intaan la tirtirin. Eeg [[Wikipedia:Books]] wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.}}}}&lt;!--End book box--&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sv4rg2lu2o9krjgu3x44p0uif39zhz4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305135</id>
      <parentid>305134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:48:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305135</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7390" sha1="af82dtvatgkkv3ykfukljso3qlubr8z" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;
{{New page DYM}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
| {{ns:0}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = &lt;ul class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;'''''Kahin abuurin maqaal, fadlan akhri [[Help:Your first article]]. Waxaan kugula talinaynaa in tafatirayaasha cusubi isticmaalaan [[WP:Article wizard|Article wizard]].'''''&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad [[Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|raadisaa]] maqaal hore u jiray oo aad [[Help:redirect|u sii jeedin karto]] cinwaankan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Markaad abuurayso maqaal, '''bixi [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|tixraacyo]]''' oo ku socda [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ilaha la halmaami karo ee la daabacay]]. Maqaal aan lahayn tixraacyo, gaar ahaan [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|taariikh nololeedka qof nool]], waa la tirtiri karaa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad ka bilaabi kartaa maqaalkaaga cusub [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Article_wizard/userpageskeleton&amp;editintro=Wikipedia:Article_wizard/version1/Wizard-New_edit_instructions_userdraft}} Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}]. Halkaas, waxaad ku horumarin kartaa maqaalka adigoo halis yar ugu jira tirtirid, waxaad ka codsan kartaa tafatirayaasha kale inay ka caawiyaan ka shaqayntiisa, oo aad [[Wikipedia:Moving a page|u dhaqaajiso]] &quot;[[Wikipedia:What is an article?#Namespace|meesha maqaalka]]&quot; marka uu diyaarsado.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}
| {{ns:User talk}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Ma jiraan fariimo''' oo weli loo soo dhigay isticmaalahan. {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    |
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 }}&lt;!--If on an IP-user talk page (both IPv4 and IPv6 works),
        then show the MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext.
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}
  | {{#if: {{#invoke:IPAddress|isIp|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}
    | {{MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext|caller=MediaWiki:Newarticletext}} 
    }}
  }}
| {{TALKSPACE}} =
{{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through
 --&gt;|&lt;!-- Subjectless talk page 
 --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through 
   --&gt;|&lt;!-- No parent page either (don't display on /Archive pages)
   --&gt;{{Creating talk page without subject}}}}}}
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha [[Help:Talk pages|bog wadahadal]] oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}
      | 
      | Ogow in {{#if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} 
        | bogga mowduuca 
        | maqaalka 
        }} ee u dhigma ''[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]'' uusan sidoo kale jirin.
      }}
    | Kahor intaanad abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}

| {{ns:File}} =
  {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
  | {{#ifexist:Media:{{PAGENAME}}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
Faylkan warbaahinta wuxuu ku jiraa [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]&amp;mdash;ee ma aha Wikipedia-da Ingiriiska. Sharaxaadaha waa in lagu dhejiyaa halkaas. Boggan waa in si dhif ah loo isticmaalaa marka laga reebo in lagu tilmaamo [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|sawirrada la soo xulay]].

Fadlan eeg [[commons:File:{{PAGENAME}}|bogga sharaxaadda ee Commons]] si aad u hesho macluumaadka faylka, &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks liiska boggaga isticmaala faylkan]&lt;/span&gt;, ama [[{{ns:Media}}:{{PAGENAME}}|xiriirinta tooska ah ee faylkan]].
      }}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha bog Fayl oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' Fadlan ha abuurin boggan gacanta. Haddii aad rabto inaad soo geliso fayl la yiraahdo ''{{PAGENAME}}'', eeg [[Wikipedia:Uploading images]] wixii tilmaamo ah. Haddii sawirkan dhawaan la tirtiray, waxaa laga yaabaa inuu weli ka muuqdo bogag qaar oo ah xiriirin cas. &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks Eeg liiska boggaga soo bandhigaya sawirkan.]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;Haddii faylkan uu hore u jiray, waxaa laga yaabaa in maxalli lagu tirtiray ([{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} diiwaanka tirtiridda maxalliga ah]) ama Wikimedia Commons ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}} diiwaanka tirtiridda Commons]).&lt;/span&gt;
      }}
    }}
  | {{fmbox
    | type  = editnotice
    | id    = newarticletext
    | image = none
    | text  = Kahor intaanad abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
  }}

| #default =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha {{
    #switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
    | Category  = [[Help:Category|qaybta]]
    | Help      = [[Help:Contents|bogga caawinta]]
    | Portal    = [[Wikipedia:Portal|portalka]]
    | Template  = [[Wikipedia:Template messages|muunad]]
    | User      = [[Wikipedia:User page|bogga isticmaalaha]]
    | Wikipedia = [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|bogga mashruuca]]
    | #default  = bogga
    }} oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
      | Category  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Category}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] qaybaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Help      = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Help:Contents|boggaga caawinta ee jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Portal    = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:Contents/Portals|portaalada jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Template  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Template}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] muunadaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | User      = Guud ahaan, boggan waxaa abuuri kara oo tafatiri kara [[{{ns:User}}:{{PAGENAME}}]].
      | Wikipedia = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines|siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha jira]] ama [[Special:Search/{{ns:Project}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] boggaga mashruuca ee la midka ah ee jira.
      }}
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Help:Subpages]].
    }} &lt;p&gt; Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/p&gt;
  }}

}}&lt;!--Switch end--&gt;&lt;!--Start book box--&gt;{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book:|nomatch= }}{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|nomatch= }}|{{fmbox|type=system|text=&lt;strong&gt;Boggan waxaa laga yaabaainuu u jiray qayb ka mid ah magaca buugga hore.&lt;/strong&gt; Haddii ay sidaas tahay waxaa u badan in loo raray [[{{#invoke:String|replace|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|Book:|plain=False}}|^Book:|Wikipedia:Books/archive/|plain=False}}]] kahor intaan la tirtirin. Eeg [[Wikipedia:Books]] wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.}}}}&lt;!--End book box--&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305136</id>
      <parentid>305135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:49:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305136</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7399" sha1="neiw56iyqhrdm4u3bw8rb3l0cps4ra5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;
{{New page DYM}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
| {{ns:0}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = &lt;ul class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;'''''Kahor intaanad abuurin maqaal, fadlan akhri [[Help:Your first article]]. Waxaan kugula talinaynaa in tafatirayaasha cusubi isticmaalaan [[WP:Article wizard|Article wizard]].'''''&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad [[Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|raadisaa]] maqaal hore u jiray oo aad [[Help:redirect|u sii jeedin karto]] cinwaankan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Markaad abuurayso maqaal, '''bixi [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|tixraacyo]]''' oo ku socda [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ilaha la halmaami karo ee la daabacay]]. Maqaal aan lahayn tixraacyo, gaar ahaan [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|taariikh nololeedka qof nool]], waa la tirtiri karaa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad ka bilaabi kartaa maqaalkaaga cusub [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Article_wizard/userpageskeleton&amp;editintro=Wikipedia:Article_wizard/version1/Wizard-New_edit_instructions_userdraft}} Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}]. Halkaas, waxaad ku horumarin kartaa maqaalka adigoo halis yar ugu jira tirtirid, waxaad ka codsan kartaa tafatirayaasha kale inay ka caawiyaan ka shaqayntiisa, oo aad [[Wikipedia:Moving a page|u dhaqaajiso]] &quot;[[Wikipedia:What is an article?#Namespace|meesha maqaalka]]&quot; marka uu diyaarsado.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}
| {{ns:User talk}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Ma jiraan fariimo''' oo weli loo soo dhigay isticmaalahan. {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    |
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 }}&lt;!--If on an IP-user talk page (both IPv4 and IPv6 works),
        then show the MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext.
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}
  | {{#if: {{#invoke:IPAddress|isIp|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}
    | {{MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext|caller=MediaWiki:Newarticletext}} 
    }}
  }}
| {{TALKSPACE}} =
{{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through
 --&gt;|&lt;!-- Subjectless talk page 
 --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through 
   --&gt;|&lt;!-- No parent page either (don't display on /Archive pages)
   --&gt;{{Creating talk page without subject}}}}}}
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha [[Help:Talk pages|bog wadahadal]] oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}
      | 
      | Ogow in {{#if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} 
        | bogga mowduuca 
        | maqaalka 
        }} ee u dhigma ''[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]'' uusan sidoo kale jirin.
      }}
    | Kahor intaanad abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}

| {{ns:File}} =
  {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
  | {{#ifexist:Media:{{PAGENAME}}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
Faylkan warbaahinta wuxuu ku jiraa [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]&amp;mdash;ee ma aha Wikipedia-da Ingiriiska. Sharaxaadaha waa in lagu dhejiyaa halkaas. Boggan waa in si dhif ah loo isticmaalaa marka laga reebo in lagu tilmaamo [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|sawirrada la soo xulay]].

Fadlan eeg [[commons:File:{{PAGENAME}}|bogga sharaxaadda ee Commons]] si aad u hesho macluumaadka faylka, &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks liiska boggaga isticmaala faylkan]&lt;/span&gt;, ama [[{{ns:Media}}:{{PAGENAME}}|xiriirinta tooska ah ee faylkan]].
      }}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha bog Fayl oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' Fadlan ha abuurin boggan gacanta. Haddii aad rabto inaad soo geliso fayl la yiraahdo ''{{PAGENAME}}'', eeg [[Wikipedia:Uploading images]] wixii tilmaamo ah. Haddii sawirkan dhawaan la tirtiray, waxaa laga yaabaa inuu weli ka muuqdo bogag qaar oo ah xiriirin cas. &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks Eeg liiska boggaga soo bandhigaya sawirkan.]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;Haddii faylkan uu hore u jiray, waxaa laga yaabaa in maxalli lagu tirtiray ([{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} diiwaanka tirtiridda maxalliga ah]) ama Wikimedia Commons ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}} diiwaanka tirtiridda Commons]).&lt;/span&gt;
      }}
    }}
  | {{fmbox
    | type  = editnotice
    | id    = newarticletext
    | image = none
    | text  = Kahor intaanad abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
  }}

| #default =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha {{
    #switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
    | Category  = [[Help:Category|qaybta]]
    | Help      = [[Help:Contents|bogga caawinta]]
    | Portal    = [[Wikipedia:Portal|portalka]]
    | Template  = [[Wikipedia:Template messages|muunad]]
    | User      = [[Wikipedia:User page|bogga isticmaalaha]]
    | Wikipedia = [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|bogga mashruuca]]
    | #default  = bogga
    }} oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
      | Category  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Category}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] qaybaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Help      = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Help:Contents|boggaga caawinta ee jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Portal    = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:Contents/Portals|portaalada jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Template  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Template}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] muunadaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | User      = Guud ahaan, boggan waxaa abuuri kara oo tafatiri kara [[{{ns:User}}:{{PAGENAME}}]].
      | Wikipedia = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines|siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha jira]] ama [[Special:Search/{{ns:Project}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] boggaga mashruuca ee la midka ah ee jira.
      }}
    | Kahin abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Help:Subpages]].
    }} &lt;p&gt; Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/p&gt;
  }}

}}&lt;!--Switch end--&gt;&lt;!--Start book box--&gt;{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book:|nomatch= }}{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|nomatch= }}|{{fmbox|type=system|text=&lt;strong&gt;Boggan waxaa laga yaabaainuu u jiray qayb ka mid ah magaca buugga hore.&lt;/strong&gt; Haddii ay sidaas tahay waxaa u badan in loo raray [[{{#invoke:String|replace|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|Book:|plain=False}}|^Book:|Wikipedia:Books/archive/|plain=False}}]] kahor intaan la tirtirin. Eeg [[Wikipedia:Books]] wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.}}}}&lt;!--End book box--&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>neiw56iyqhrdm4u3bw8rb3l0cps4ra5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305137</id>
      <parentid>305136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:50:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305137</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7417" sha1="b2bhos1ki2w96wcazv24c1gglxem77b" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;mw-parser-output&quot;&gt;
{{New page DYM}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
| {{ns:0}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = &lt;ul class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;'''''Kahor intaanad abuurin maqaal, fadlan akhri [[Help:Your first article]]. Waxaan kugula talinaynaa in tafatirayaasha cusubi isticmaalaan [[WP:Article wizard|Article wizard]].'''''&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad [[Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|raadisaa]] maqaal hore u jiray oo aad [[Help:redirect|u sii jeedin karto]] cinwaankan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Markaad abuurayso maqaal, '''bixi [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|tixraacyo]]''' oo ku socda [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ilaha la halmaami karo ee la daabacay]]. Maqaal aan lahayn tixraacyo, gaar ahaan [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|taariikh nololeedka qof nool]], waa la tirtiri karaa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waxa kale oo aad ka bilaabi kartaa maqaalkaaga cusub [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Article_wizard/userpageskeleton&amp;editintro=Wikipedia:Article_wizard/version1/Wizard-New_edit_instructions_userdraft}} Special:Mypage/{{PAGENAME}}]. Halkaas, waxaad ku horumarin kartaa maqaalka adigoo halis yar ugu jira tirtirid, waxaad ka codsan kartaa tafatirayaasha kale inay ka caawiyaan ka shaqayntiisa, oo aad [[Wikipedia:Moving a page|u dhaqaajiso]] &quot;[[Wikipedia:What is an article?#Namespace|meesha maqaalka]]&quot; marka uu diyaarsado.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}
| {{ns:User talk}} =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Ma jiraan fariimo''' oo weli loo soo dhigay isticmaalahan. {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    |
    | Kahor intaanad abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 }}&lt;!--If on an IP-user talk page (both IPv4 and IPv6 works),
        then show the MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext.
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}
  | {{#if: {{#invoke:IPAddress|isIp|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}
    | {{MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext|caller=MediaWiki:Newarticletext}} 
    }}
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| {{TALKSPACE}} =
{{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through
 --&gt;|&lt;!-- Subjectless talk page 
 --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|&lt;!-- Fall-through 
   --&gt;|&lt;!-- No parent page either (don't display on /Archive pages)
   --&gt;{{Creating talk page without subject}}}}}}
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha [[Help:Talk pages|bog wadahadal]] oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#ifexist: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}
      | 
      | Ogow in {{#if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} 
        | bogga mowduuca 
        | maqaalka 
        }} ee u dhigma ''[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]'' uusan sidoo kale jirin.
      }}
    | Kahor intaanad abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si aad u bilowdo bog la yiraahdo ''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'', ku qor sanduuqa hoose. Markaad dhamayso, horu-eeg bogga si aad u hubiso khaladaadka kadibna daabac.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
  }}

| {{ns:File}} =
  {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
  | {{#ifexist:Media:{{PAGENAME}}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
Faylkan warbaahinta wuxuu ku jiraa [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]&amp;mdash;ee ma aha Wikipedia-da Ingiriiska. Sharaxaadaha waa in lagu dhejiyaa halkaas. Boggan waa in si dhif ah loo isticmaalaa marka laga reebo in lagu tilmaamo [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|sawirrada la soo xulay]].

Fadlan eeg [[commons:File:{{PAGENAME}}|bogga sharaxaadda ee Commons]] si aad u hesho macluumaadka faylka, &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks liiska boggaga isticmaala faylkan]&lt;/span&gt;, ama [[{{ns:Media}}:{{PAGENAME}}|xiriirinta tooska ah ee faylkan]].
      }}
    | {{fmbox
      | type = warning
      | id   = newarticletext
      | text = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha bog Fayl oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' Fadlan ha abuurin boggan gacanta. Haddii aad rabto inaad soo geliso fayl la yiraahdo ''{{PAGENAME}}'', eeg [[Wikipedia:Uploading images]] wixii tilmaamo ah. Haddii sawirkan dhawaan la tirtiray, waxaa laga yaabaa inuu weli ka muuqdo bogag qaar oo ah xiriirin cas. &lt;span style=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#filelinks Eeg liiska boggaga soo bandhigaya sawirkan.]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;Haddii faylkan uu hore u jiray, waxaa laga yaabaa in maxalli lagu tirtiray ([{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} diiwaanka tirtiridda maxalliga ah]) ama Wikimedia Commons ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=delete&amp;page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}} diiwaanka tirtiridda Commons]).&lt;/span&gt;
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    }}
  | {{fmbox
    | type  = editnotice
    | id    = newarticletext
    | image = none
    | text  = Kahor intaanad abuurin boggan, fadlan eeg [[Wikipedia:Subpages]].
    }}
  }}

| #default =
  {{fmbox
  | type  = editnotice
  | id    = newarticletext
  | image = none
  | text  = 
'''Wikipedia ma laha {{
    #switch: {{NAMESPACE}}
    | Category  = [[Help:Category|qaybta]]
    | Help      = [[Help:Contents|bogga caawinta]]
    | Portal    = [[Wikipedia:Portal|portalka]]
    | Template  = [[Wikipedia:Template messages|muunad]]
    | User      = [[Wikipedia:User page|bogga isticmaalaha]]
    | Wikipedia = [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|bogga mashruuca]]
    | #default  = bogga
    }} oo leh cinwaankan saxda ah.''' {{
    #ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}}
    | {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
      | Category  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Category}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] qaybaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Help      = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Help:Contents|boggaga caawinta ee jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Portal    = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:Contents/Portals|portaalada jira]] kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | Template  = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan [[Special:Search/{{ns:Template}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] muunadaha jira kahor inta aadan abuurin boggan.
      | User      = Guud ahaan, boggan waxaa abuuri kara oo tafatiri kara [[{{ns:User}}:{{PAGENAME}}]].
      | Wikipedia = Si looga fogaado nuqul-celinta, fadlan ka baaraandeg [[Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines|siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha jira]] ama [[Special:Search/{{ns:Project}}:{{PAGENAME}}|raadso]] boggaga mashruuca ee la midka ah ee jira.
      }}
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}}&lt;!--Switch end--&gt;&lt;!--Start book box--&gt;{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book:|nomatch= }}{{#invoke:String|match|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|nomatch= }}|{{fmbox|type=system|text=&lt;strong&gt;Boggan waxaa laga yaabaainuu u jiray qayb ka mid ah magaca buugga hore.&lt;/strong&gt; Haddii ay sidaas tahay waxaa u badan in loo raray [[{{#invoke:String|replace|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|^Book talk:|Book:|plain=False}}|^Book:|Wikipedia:Books/archive/|plain=False}}]] kahor intaan la tirtirin. Eeg [[Wikipedia:Books]] wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.}}}}&lt;!--End book box--&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Biciide</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>28443</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305185</id>
      <parentid>304129</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T11:48:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40111-43</username>
        <id>46551</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dadka Caanka ah ee kasoo jeeda */</comment>
      <origin>305185</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10654" sha1="m2w0hf6y9c38fodrdk7fg2azqxxk80h" xml:space="preserve">waa mid kamida beelaha isaaqa  kuwa ugu balaadhan tiro ahaan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=254421 |access-date=2019-07-16 |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103154439/https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=254421 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dhul ahaanba, biciide yoonis  waxay taariikh  ahaan kaalin weyn ku lahayen xaaladkasta oo dalku soomaray. iyago saamentooda kulahaa xitaa kahor intaanu gumaystuhu qabsan dalka. Wagaas oo hogaamiya beeleedyadi waaagi qarnigi 14aad  ee kaso jeday biciide ay ka talin jireen bariga somaliland.sidoo kalana waxay dhal wadaagaan beesha sheekhaal 
&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-google-coop&amp;cx=partner-pub-7548458662633181%3A2443211434&amp;ei=PMgtXcqCCI6y6QS637GIBg&amp;q=somalia+map+sanaag+clas&amp;oq=somalia+map+sanaag+clas&amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..38l4.6196.11335..11750...0.0..1.1105.10060.2-1j8j3j3j2j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71j35i39j0j0i131j0i67j0i131i20i263j0i22i30.HgyaXIbfRp8&lt;/ref&gt; dhulka hada lo yaqan sanaag bari nugaal iyo sool sido kale  waqtigi guumaystaha waxay beesha badh kamidi raacen ama la safteen maamulka boqortoodadii Diiriye Guure  oo ahaa ciidamo kaso horjeeday gumaystihii ingriiska waxana ka mid ahaa shire axmed faarax oo ahaaa sheikh  caalim ahaa kadibna ku biiray ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] ayaa kadib darawishtu waxay dulan kusoo qadeen dhulkii uu kasoo jeeday shire wirif.  waxayna cagta mariyen qaar badan oo kamida reerkii  sheekh wirif oo iyagu ingiriska&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/1157617&lt;/ref&gt; la safna ama taageer sanaa markasu tiriyay gabay uu ugu adkesan kari wayay xanta iyo tuhunka ay ka qaben beeshisa oo ay is lahaayen isaga ayaa ka danbeeya duulanka daraawishtu idnku sooqaday. taariikhaha hore waxa jiray marki beeshu kabadatay asaaaged in iyagi isu muuqdeen oo  ay colaadi ka dhex bilaabatay  qaar ka mida beelaha biciide laftisa waxana jiray dagaal soconayay waqti  dheer oo u dhaxeeyay '''[[axmed faarax(habarjeclo)]]''' iyo  oo ay ku idladen sheekhi iyo sharifki iyo xoogi labadasi belod  beeshu waxay ka talinjirtay xeebta teedsan berbera ilaa maydh oo ay boqoradi, iyo hogamiye qabailki, ka dhashay beeshu  ka talin jireen dekeda has iyado waxa ugu muhimsana ee laga so dejin jirau aha timirta,
waqtigan casriga beeshu waxay ka tirsan tahay dadka dega gobolada waqooyi somaliland gaar ahaan Sanaag Saaxil Sool iyo Togdheer&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=somaliland+clan+map&amp;tbm=isch&amp;source=iu&amp;ictx=1&amp;fir=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM%253A%252CGu4XvyBznsKy4M%252C_&amp;vet=1&amp;usg=AI4_-kRnYtBg1Ap92B_RTGpw7yJyr_d5dQ&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi71_7f3rnjAhWKDuwKHYVYDFkQ9QEwAXoECAcQBg#imgrc=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM:&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Sax]] 

[[Liiska mujaahidiinta habarjeclo]]

==Dhulka ay degaan==

beeshu waxay degtaa 4 kamida 6da gobol ee waaweyn ee somaliland&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=somaliland+clan+map&amp;tbm=isch&amp;source=iu&amp;ictx=1&amp;fir=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM%253A%252CGu4XvyBznsKy4M%252C_&amp;vet=1&amp;usg=AI4_-kRnYtBg1Ap92B_RTGpw7yJyr_d5dQ&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi71_7f3rnjAhWKDuwKHYVYDFkQ9QEwAXoECAcQBg#imgrc=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM:&lt;/ref&gt; iyo magaalooyin waaweyn ooy ka midyihin BURCO, waxayna  kamidyihin dadka sida nabada ugu wada nool magalada Burco&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erigavo&lt;/ref&gt;

sidoo kale waxay  deganyihin  magalada [[burco]],  waxay qayb baladhan ka yihin dadka ku dhaqan

magala xebeedka berbera.  Qomiyadani waxay degta magaloyinka qoryaale, Beer, ina afmadoobe, xood, waridaad  

'''Xeebta ugu dheer [[somaliland]] waxa dega [[habarjeclo]] gaar ahaan maxamed abokor siiba qabiilkan axmed faarax''' magaloyinkasna waxa kamida,  [[shalcaw]], [[ruguuda]], [[conqor]], [[soddonlay]], [[laasdoomaare]], [[karin]],
[[duurdhiil]],
[[laasodhagax guduud]],
[[kalyo waqal]],
[[mulaax bayle]],


[[duurdhiil]]
[[laasodhagax guduud]]
[[kalyo waqal]]
[[mulaax bayle]]
[[ruguuda]]
[[xiis]]
[[soddonlay]]
[[shalcaw]]

==Qaybaha ay u kalabaxaan==
 BICIIDE waa qabiilka ugu badan reer sheikh isxaaq gar ahan habarjeclo waxayna ka mid yihin [[muuse abokor]] oo u dhigma 60% habarjeclo waxayna ukala baxaan reero aad ufara badan sida halkan kaga muqata....&lt;ref&gt;https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habar_Jeclo&lt;/ref&gt;

*biciide yoonis
**iidle        biciide
**samatar biciide
**Waadhowr    biciide
**faarax    biciide (bah jabrahiil)
***faahiye     faarax
***wacays     faarax
***roobsuge  faarax
***geedi        faarax
***guuleed    faarax
***muuse      faarax
***cali           faarax
***cumar       faarax
***cabdile     faarax
***axmed      faarax
***iidle          faarax
****cabdi          iidle
****bayle          iidle
****maxamud  iidle
****cali            iidle
****xuseen      iidle
****geedi         iidle
****faarax        iidle
****xildiid        iidle
****guuleed    iidle
****Cismaan iidle
**** muuse iidle
**** maxamed iidle
***[[Axmed Faarax|axmed faarax]]
****xasan       axmed
****xuseen     axmed
****cabdalla   axmed
****cali           axmed
*****yabaal     cali
*****samatar  cali
*****muumin  cali
*****muuse    cali
*samatar biciide(bah sanbuur)
**reer raage
**bah adaraxmaan
**bah muuse
*dhowr biciide(bah sanbuur)
**bah cimraan
**bah muxumed
***xildiid muxumed
***faahiye muxumed
**bah awal (xasan)
***axmed xasan
***jibriil xasan
***maxmed xasan
***ibrahim xasan
***maxamuud xasan
*IIDLE Biciide(bah jibraahiil)
●Cismaan iidle 

▪︎Cigaal cismaan

▪︎cali cismaan

● Cabdulle cabdi

● Saalax

● Rooble

● wacays

● Xareed

.                  

''''Erigavo sanaag somaliland'''

==Dadka Caanka ah ee kasoo jeeda==

WAXA kasoo jeeda dad caana oo farabadan oo soo maray dowladihi waqti bilowgi xadarada, british somaliland, somalia, iyo somaliland ta hada, waxana kamida:

'''MUJAAHIDIINTA'''
*muj. Carab ducaale 
*Muj: jaamac saalax midhiq
*Muj: muuse bidaar 
*Muj: cabdi ciid ( ka mid ragii birjeex jabsaday)
*Muj: Siciid axmed dhigane  ( ku shahiiday jabsashadii birjeex)
*cabdilahi masyar
*Binate samaysane
*sicid salax dibow
*muj.gadhle ciroobe
*Cabdulahi Salax oogle (shiekh laf)
*muj. indha haadle
*General Maxamed cabdi cabdulle (fanax)
*General Carab ducaale cilmi (abaanduulihii SNM)
*Korneyl muuse xasan dhunkaal ( muuse bidaar) taliyihii guutada 1aad ee SNM
*Taliyaha madaxtooyada Alyoos Jaamac ducaale

'''DHAQANKA'''
*Boqor indha-aare ( Boqor ka talinjiray xeebaha iyo deegaanada Sanaag qarnigii 19aad).
*Abaanduule Cabdi faarax  ( Hogaamiyihii Barre Adaraxmaan iyo muuse abokor qarnigii 18aad)
*Abaanduule cigaal muuse faarax

*Abaanduule Ahaana chief caaqil Axmed yare
*Abaanduule ahaana chief caaqil Dhunkaal Axmed Yare ( abaan duule Burco iyo Caynaba) 
* Jiif caaqil Axmed Faarax saalax(xeedhidheere) 
darwiish, Jiif caaqil abaanduulkii muse abokor bari. 
* Jiif caaqil Xaaji Xasan Axmed 
ganacsade awood leh jiif caaqil Muse Abokor bari ( gobolka Sanaag) 
* Axmed Cali Saalax ganacsade (ninkii dukaankii u horeyey ka furay Ceerigaabo. 
*Jibriil Xaaji ducaale faarax gudomiyihii gobolka Sanaag xiligii afweyne ahna oday si weyn loga yaqaan gobolka sanaag. 
*Jiif caaqil cabdi cawl cabdulle nuur 
jaamac Maxamed cigaal( ninkii daartii u horeysay ka dhisay Ceerigaabo) 
*Boqor cismaan aw-maxamud buurmadow
*AHN Chief Caaqil jaamac faarax
*AHN Chief caaqil aw aadan jaamac faarax 
*Cheif caaqil Lixle
*AHN Suldaan maxamed cabdi cali
*AHN Suldaan carab cabdi cali
*Suldaan Sharmaarke Suldaan maxamed cabdi cali
*AHN Cheif caaqil Faarax maxamed dhunkaal 
* jiif caaqil Axmed jiif caaqil Yuusuf warsangeli
*Caaqil Cabdirashiid Ducaale digaale
*cheif caaqil faysal abokor
*suldaan Faarax ducaale cali
*suldaan Qudde 
*AHN cheif caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur 

'''CULIMADA'''
*AHN:Sheekh Ismaaciil Tabliiq (Aasaasihii jamaacatu tabliiq)
*Sheekh abdirahman Osman aw mohamoud( sheekhal baladka Sanaag)
*Sheekh siciid Qaxwe
*Sheekh Faysal Cilmi 
*Sheekh Jaamaca Ducaale Digaale
*Sheekh Ahmed muuse 
*Sheekh Aadan cali 

'''FANKA'''
*abwaan Cabdi OOGLE (AarsaDe)
*abwaan:- shire widhidhif
*abwaan :- dhegawanle 
*abwaan:- jaamac cadde 
*Abwaan:- Xuseen Gabaydhe 
*abwaan:- aw cabdi muuse
*abwaan:- digaale jaamac
*abwaan:- axmed caadleef
*abwaan:- axmed daad
*abwaan:- siciid ayaanle
*abwaan:- maxamed diiriye (xujaale)
*abwaan:- xuseen jaamac
*abwaan:- awcilmi ducaale
jibriil&lt;ref&gt;http://www.hoygasuugaanta.com/ShireWiririf.html&lt;/ref&gt;
*Abwaan abyan warsame cali
*Abwaan aadan kacaan

'''SIYAASIYIINTA'''
*Siyaasi ahna Abaanduule muuse abokor :maxamed xaji ducaale axmed yare( dhoolayare)
*Siyaasi mujaahid SNM yuusuf maxamed cali xayd ( wasiirkii ugu horeeyay wasaarada madaxtooyada ee Sland 1991 ahaana xildhibaan)
*Siyaasi Axmed siciid Maxamed (Godane) DG Agaasimaha guud ee ciyaara

*Siyaasi Cabdilaahi maxamed ducaale (wasiirkii ugu mudada dheeraa wasaarada arimaha debeda Jamhuuriyada SoomaaliLand)
*Siyaasi Xasan Maxamed Cali (aas-aasihii ururkii rays ahna wasiirka ugu mudada dheer xakuumadii muuse biixi)
* siyaasi ismacil ducale cadhoome wasiirka waxbarashada xukuumada cirro
* Ismaaciil faarax maxamed (dadqal) aasaasihii xisbigii talada dalka hayey 2002-2010 ee UDUB
* Badhasaabkii hore ee gobolka sanaag Axmed Cabdi muuse
* wasiir hore ahna badhasaabka gobolka sanaag Maxamuud Raage
* Wasiir hore xasan maxamed cali (gaafadhi)
* Agaasimaha guud tamarta shucayb cismaan maxamuud 
* Cismaan faarax maxamed (Hamasholl)
*Siyaasi maxamed nuur amaan ( xildhibaan 1968)
*Siyaasi saalax xaji xasan xildhiban gole deegaan 1968 Ceerigaabo

DHANKA SIYAASADA WAXA ka soo jeeda diktoorka caanka halyeyga ah ee DR [[Aadan mire wayrax]] oodadka reer somaliland ay jecel yihin aqoontiisa iyo daacadnimada u u shaqeeyo
,gudoomiyahii xisbiga [[rays]] ee somaliland eng ''xasan'maxamed gaafadhi''' wasirka  xanaanada xoolaha somaaliland ee hada dowlada muse bixi,  sido jale jaamac 
Saalx axmed midhiq, oo ka tirsana Golihi dhexe SNM iyo Aasaasayashu SDF, badhasaabki u horeeyay ee sanaag mr MIDHIQ, badhasabk sanag xukumada muse bixi Axmed isdeber.

==Tijaarta ka dhalatay==

Wakhtigan casrigaa waxa dalka ka jira shirkado malaayin dollar haysta waxana qaar badan ookamida kaso jedan beesha biciide eee isaaq waxana kamida.....

*ASLIMAYDI &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095810526&amp;title=Somaliland-Asli-Maydi-Chinese-Investors-and-The-Politics-of-Frankincense&amp;src=RSS |access-date=2022-03-10 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620150821/https://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095810526&amp;title=Somaliland-Asli-Maydi-Chinese-Investors-and-The-Politics-of-Frankincense&amp;src=RSS |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*AL IKHWa
*Som tuna factory
*Shaah yahan
* xaaji salaaben gaagale (Baho)
*Mubarak Pharmacy company
*Al Badar Enterprise.
&lt;references /&gt;
• Mubarik Fuel Station</text>
      <sha1>m2w0hf6y9c38fodrdk7fg2azqxxk80h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305186</id>
      <parentid>305185</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T11:50:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40111-43</username>
        <id>46551</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dadka Caanka ah ee kasoo jeeda */</comment>
      <origin>305186</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10717" sha1="s018kzm3f71hexlynzqic0dhmppsf25" xml:space="preserve">waa mid kamida beelaha isaaqa  kuwa ugu balaadhan tiro ahaan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=254421 |access-date=2019-07-16 |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103154439/https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=254421 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dhul ahaanba, biciide yoonis  waxay taariikh  ahaan kaalin weyn ku lahayen xaaladkasta oo dalku soomaray. iyago saamentooda kulahaa xitaa kahor intaanu gumaystuhu qabsan dalka. Wagaas oo hogaamiya beeleedyadi waaagi qarnigi 14aad  ee kaso jeday biciide ay ka talin jireen bariga somaliland.sidoo kalana waxay dhal wadaagaan beesha sheekhaal 
&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-google-coop&amp;cx=partner-pub-7548458662633181%3A2443211434&amp;ei=PMgtXcqCCI6y6QS637GIBg&amp;q=somalia+map+sanaag+clas&amp;oq=somalia+map+sanaag+clas&amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..38l4.6196.11335..11750...0.0..1.1105.10060.2-1j8j3j3j2j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71j35i39j0j0i131j0i67j0i131i20i263j0i22i30.HgyaXIbfRp8&lt;/ref&gt; dhulka hada lo yaqan sanaag bari nugaal iyo sool sido kale  waqtigi guumaystaha waxay beesha badh kamidi raacen ama la safteen maamulka boqortoodadii Diiriye Guure  oo ahaa ciidamo kaso horjeeday gumaystihii ingriiska waxana ka mid ahaa shire axmed faarax oo ahaaa sheikh  caalim ahaa kadibna ku biiray ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] ayaa kadib darawishtu waxay dulan kusoo qadeen dhulkii uu kasoo jeeday shire wirif.  waxayna cagta mariyen qaar badan oo kamida reerkii  sheekh wirif oo iyagu ingiriska&lt;ref&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/1157617&lt;/ref&gt; la safna ama taageer sanaa markasu tiriyay gabay uu ugu adkesan kari wayay xanta iyo tuhunka ay ka qaben beeshisa oo ay is lahaayen isaga ayaa ka danbeeya duulanka daraawishtu idnku sooqaday. taariikhaha hore waxa jiray marki beeshu kabadatay asaaaged in iyagi isu muuqdeen oo  ay colaadi ka dhex bilaabatay  qaar ka mida beelaha biciide laftisa waxana jiray dagaal soconayay waqti  dheer oo u dhaxeeyay '''[[axmed faarax(habarjeclo)]]''' iyo  oo ay ku idladen sheekhi iyo sharifki iyo xoogi labadasi belod  beeshu waxay ka talinjirtay xeebta teedsan berbera ilaa maydh oo ay boqoradi, iyo hogamiye qabailki, ka dhashay beeshu  ka talin jireen dekeda has iyado waxa ugu muhimsana ee laga so dejin jirau aha timirta,
waqtigan casriga beeshu waxay ka tirsan tahay dadka dega gobolada waqooyi somaliland gaar ahaan Sanaag Saaxil Sool iyo Togdheer&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=somaliland+clan+map&amp;tbm=isch&amp;source=iu&amp;ictx=1&amp;fir=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM%253A%252CGu4XvyBznsKy4M%252C_&amp;vet=1&amp;usg=AI4_-kRnYtBg1Ap92B_RTGpw7yJyr_d5dQ&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi71_7f3rnjAhWKDuwKHYVYDFkQ9QEwAXoECAcQBg#imgrc=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM:&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Sax]] 

[[Liiska mujaahidiinta habarjeclo]]

==Dhulka ay degaan==

beeshu waxay degtaa 4 kamida 6da gobol ee waaweyn ee somaliland&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=somaliland+clan+map&amp;tbm=isch&amp;source=iu&amp;ictx=1&amp;fir=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM%253A%252CGu4XvyBznsKy4M%252C_&amp;vet=1&amp;usg=AI4_-kRnYtBg1Ap92B_RTGpw7yJyr_d5dQ&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi71_7f3rnjAhWKDuwKHYVYDFkQ9QEwAXoECAcQBg#imgrc=NjZ7YexnHxS_JM:&lt;/ref&gt; iyo magaalooyin waaweyn ooy ka midyihin BURCO, waxayna  kamidyihin dadka sida nabada ugu wada nool magalada Burco&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erigavo&lt;/ref&gt;

sidoo kale waxay  deganyihin  magalada [[burco]],  waxay qayb baladhan ka yihin dadka ku dhaqan

magala xebeedka berbera.  Qomiyadani waxay degta magaloyinka qoryaale, Beer, ina afmadoobe, xood, waridaad  

'''Xeebta ugu dheer [[somaliland]] waxa dega [[habarjeclo]] gaar ahaan maxamed abokor siiba qabiilkan axmed faarax''' magaloyinkasna waxa kamida,  [[shalcaw]], [[ruguuda]], [[conqor]], [[soddonlay]], [[laasdoomaare]], [[karin]],
[[duurdhiil]],
[[laasodhagax guduud]],
[[kalyo waqal]],
[[mulaax bayle]],


[[duurdhiil]]
[[laasodhagax guduud]]
[[kalyo waqal]]
[[mulaax bayle]]
[[ruguuda]]
[[xiis]]
[[soddonlay]]
[[shalcaw]]

==Qaybaha ay u kalabaxaan==
 BICIIDE waa qabiilka ugu badan reer sheikh isxaaq gar ahan habarjeclo waxayna ka mid yihin [[muuse abokor]] oo u dhigma 60% habarjeclo waxayna ukala baxaan reero aad ufara badan sida halkan kaga muqata....&lt;ref&gt;https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habar_Jeclo&lt;/ref&gt;

*biciide yoonis
**iidle        biciide
**samatar biciide
**Waadhowr    biciide
**faarax    biciide (bah jabrahiil)
***faahiye     faarax
***wacays     faarax
***roobsuge  faarax
***geedi        faarax
***guuleed    faarax
***muuse      faarax
***cali           faarax
***cumar       faarax
***cabdile     faarax
***axmed      faarax
***iidle          faarax
****cabdi          iidle
****bayle          iidle
****maxamud  iidle
****cali            iidle
****xuseen      iidle
****geedi         iidle
****faarax        iidle
****xildiid        iidle
****guuleed    iidle
****Cismaan iidle
**** muuse iidle
**** maxamed iidle
***[[Axmed Faarax|axmed faarax]]
****xasan       axmed
****xuseen     axmed
****cabdalla   axmed
****cali           axmed
*****yabaal     cali
*****samatar  cali
*****muumin  cali
*****muuse    cali
*samatar biciide(bah sanbuur)
**reer raage
**bah adaraxmaan
**bah muuse
*dhowr biciide(bah sanbuur)
**bah cimraan
**bah muxumed
***xildiid muxumed
***faahiye muxumed
**bah awal (xasan)
***axmed xasan
***jibriil xasan
***maxmed xasan
***ibrahim xasan
***maxamuud xasan
*IIDLE Biciide(bah jibraahiil)
●Cismaan iidle 

▪︎Cigaal cismaan

▪︎cali cismaan

● Cabdulle cabdi

● Saalax

● Rooble

● wacays

● Xareed

.                  

''''Erigavo sanaag somaliland'''

==Dadka Caanka ah ee kasoo jeeda==

WAXA kasoo jeeda dad caana oo farabadan oo soo maray dowladihi waqti bilowgi xadarada, british somaliland, somalia, iyo somaliland ta hada, waxana kamida:

'''MUJAAHIDIINTA'''
*muj. Carab ducaale 
*Muj: jaamac saalax midhiq
*Muj: muuse bidaar 
*Muj: cabdi ciid ( ka mid ragii birjeex jabsaday)
*Muj: Siciid axmed dhigane  ( ku shahiiday jabsashadii birjeex)
*cabdilahi masyar
*Binate samaysane
*sicid salax dibow
*muj.gadhle ciroobe
*Cabdulahi Salax oogle (shiekh laf)
*muj. indha haadle
*General Maxamed cabdi cabdulle (fanax)
*General Carab ducaale cilmi (abaanduulihii SNM)
*Korneyl muuse xasan dhunkaal ( muuse bidaar) taliyihii guutada 1aad ee SNM
*Taliyaha madaxtooyada Alyoos Jaamac ducaale

'''DHAQANKA'''
*Boqor indha-aare ( Boqor ka talinjiray xeebaha iyo deegaanada Sanaag qarnigii 19aad).
*Abaanduule Cabdi faarax  ( Hogaamiyihii Barre Adaraxmaan iyo muuse abokor qarnigii 18aad)
*Abaanduule cigaal muuse faarax

*Abaanduule Ahaana chief caaqil Axmed yare
*Abaanduule ahaana chief caaqil Dhunkaal Axmed Yare ( abaan duule Burco iyo Caynaba) 
* Jiif caaqil Axmed Faarax saalax(xeedhidheere) 
darwiish, Jiif caaqil abaanduulkii muse abokor bari. 
* Jiif caaqil Xaaji Xasan Axmed 
ganacsade awood leh jiif caaqil Muse Abokor bari ( gobolka Sanaag) 
* Axmed Cali Saalax ganacsade (ninkii dukaankii u horeyey ka furay Ceerigaabo. 
*Jibriil Xaaji ducaale faarax gudomiyihii gobolka Sanaag xiligii afweyne ahna oday si weyn loga yaqaan gobolka sanaag. 
*Jiif caaqil cabdi cawl cabdulle nuur 
jaamac Maxamed cigaal( ninkii daartii u horeysay ka dhisay Ceerigaabo) 
*Boqor cismaan aw-maxamud buurmadow
*AHN Chief Caaqil jaamac faarax
*AHN Chief caaqil aw aadan jaamac faarax 
*Cheif caaqil Lixle
*AHN Suldaan maxamed cabdi cali
*AHN Suldaan carab cabdi cali
*Suldaan Sharmaarke Suldaan maxamed cabdi cali
*AHN Cheif caaqil Faarax maxamed dhunkaal 
* jiif caaqil Axmed jiif caaqil Yuusuf warsangeli
*Caaqil Cabdirashiid Ducaale digaale
*cheif caaqil faysal abokor
*suldaan Faarax ducaale cali
*suldaan Qudde 
*AHN cheif caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur 

'''CULIMADA'''
*AHN:Sheekh Ismaaciil Tabliiq (Aasaasihii jamaacatu tabliiq)
*Sheekh abdirahman Osman aw mohamoud( sheekhal baladka Sanaag)
*Sheekh siciid Qaxwe
*Sheekh Faysal Cilmi 
*Sheekh Jaamaca Ducaale Digaale
*Sheekh Ahmed muuse 
*Sheekh Aadan cali 

'''FANKA'''
*abwaan Cabdi OOGLE (AarsaDe)
*abwaan:- shire widhidhif
*abwaan :- dhegawanle 
*abwaan:- jaamac cadde 
*Abwaan:- Xuseen Gabaydhe 
*abwaan:- aw cabdi muuse
*abwaan:- digaale jaamac
*abwaan:- axmed caadleef
*abwaan:- axmed daad
*abwaan:- siciid ayaanle
*abwaan:- maxamed diiriye (xujaale)
*abwaan:- xuseen jaamac
*abwaan:- awcilmi ducaale
jibriil&lt;ref&gt;http://www.hoygasuugaanta.com/ShireWiririf.html&lt;/ref&gt;
*Abwaan abyan warsame cali
*Abwaan aadan kacaan

'''SIYAASIYIINTA'''
*Siyaasi ahna Abaanduule muuse abokor :maxamed xaji ducaale axmed yare( dhoolayare)
*Siyaasi mujaahid SNM yuusuf maxamed cali xayd ( wasiirkii ugu horeeyay wasaarada madaxtooyada ee Sland 1991 ahaana xildhibaan)
*Siyaasi Axmed siciid Maxamed (Godane) DG Agaasimaha guud ee ciyaara

*Siyaasi Cabdilaahi maxamed ducaale (wasiirkii ugu mudada dheeraa wasaarada arimaha debeda Jamhuuriyada SoomaaliLand)
*Siyaasi Xasan Maxamed Cali (aas-aasihii ururkii rays ahna wasiirka ugu mudada dheer xakuumadii muuse biixi)
* siyaasi ismacil ducale cadhoome wasiirka waxbarashada xukuumada cirro
* Ismaaciil faarax maxamed (dadqal) aasaasihii xisbigii talada dalka hayey 2002-2010 ee UDUB
* Badhasaabkii hore ee gobolka sanaag Axmed Cabdi muuse
* wasiir hore ahna badhasaabka gobolka sanaag Maxamuud Raage
* Wasiir hore xasan maxamed cali (gaafadhi)
* Agaasimaha guud tamarta shucayb cismaan maxamuud 
* Cismaan faarax maxamed (Hamasholl)
*Siyaasi maxamed nuur amaan ( xildhibaan 1968)
*Siyaasi saalax xaji xasan xildhiban gole deegaan 1968 Ceerigaabo
*Maamulaha Dugsiga Dhexe ceelafweyn Yaasin Cabdi Cabdulle Nuur

DHANKA SIYAASADA WAXA ka soo jeeda diktoorka caanka halyeyga ah ee DR [[Aadan mire wayrax]] oodadka reer somaliland ay jecel yihin aqoontiisa iyo daacadnimada u u shaqeeyo
,gudoomiyahii xisbiga [[rays]] ee somaliland eng ''xasan'maxamed gaafadhi''' wasirka  xanaanada xoolaha somaaliland ee hada dowlada muse bixi,  sido jale jaamac 
Saalx axmed midhiq, oo ka tirsana Golihi dhexe SNM iyo Aasaasayashu SDF, badhasaabki u horeeyay ee sanaag mr MIDHIQ, badhasabk sanag xukumada muse bixi Axmed isdeber.

==Tijaarta ka dhalatay==

Wakhtigan casrigaa waxa dalka ka jira shirkado malaayin dollar haysta waxana qaar badan ookamida kaso jedan beesha biciide eee isaaq waxana kamida.....

*ASLIMAYDI &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095810526&amp;title=Somaliland-Asli-Maydi-Chinese-Investors-and-The-Politics-of-Frankincense&amp;src=RSS |access-date=2022-03-10 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620150821/https://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095810526&amp;title=Somaliland-Asli-Maydi-Chinese-Investors-and-The-Politics-of-Frankincense&amp;src=RSS |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*AL IKHWa
*Som tuna factory
*Shaah yahan
* xaaji salaaben gaagale (Baho)
*Mubarak Pharmacy company
*Al Badar Enterprise.
&lt;references /&gt;
• Mubarik Fuel Station</text>
      <sha1>s018kzm3f71hexlynzqic0dhmppsf25</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muuse Abokor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>28455</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305182</id>
      <parentid>283536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T11:21:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40195-67</username>
        <id>46556</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Reeraha Muuse Abokor */</comment>
      <origin>305182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7530" sha1="20pldu9vd9uzu4gxqc3ahokjm9mj679" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Habarjeclo muuse abokor.jpg|thumb]] 
{{Infobox ethnic group|||group=|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|langs=[[Af Soomaali]],  [[Af Carabi]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam]])|related-c=[[Maxamed Abokor]], [[Samane abokor]], [[Cumar Jibriil]] iyo tolka kalee ee beesha [[Habarjeclo]] &lt;!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! --&gt;|native_name=Muuse Abokor &lt;br /&gt; موسى أبوكر|native_name_lang=so|related_groups=}}

 
Beesha '''Muuse Abokor''' waa beesha ugu badan [[:en:Habr_Je'lo|Habarjeclo]] oo ah 2/3 waana  beel balaadhan oo 5 gobol oo somaliland ah degta, Togdheer, Saaxil, Sool, Saraar, iyo Sanaag, Waana beesha ugu deegaanka badan Somaliland. Muuse Abokor wuxuu soohdin la leeyahay [[MUUSE ISMACIIL]]  iyo [[Habaryoonis|Muuse Arreh]] (HY) dhinaca waqooyi-bari, sidoo kale waxay soohdin la leeyihiin [[Reer-Darawiish]] dhinaca bariga iyo dhinaca konfuur-bari, ugu danbeyn m Habar Awal (ciise muuse) oo dhinaca dhinaca galbeedka.
 
Waxay dagaan xeebta ugu dheer somaliland oo berbera ilaa xiis iyo maydh&lt;ref group=&quot;Biciide &quot;&gt;Biciideqayilay&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Beesha muuse abokor waa beesha ay kasoo jeedaan ragii xoreyy somaliland&lt;ref&gt;Yazir&lt;/ref&gt;

'''[[ceerigaabo]]''' '''[[sanaag]]'''

==Reeraha Muuse Abokor==
'''Reeraha ugu waaweyn:'''
* [[biciide]]
* [[reeryoonis]]
* [[cali barre]]
* [[uduruxmiin muuse]]
* [[idarays muuse]]
*[[Bahmajeelo]]
* [[maxamed barre]]
*[[buraale yoonis]]

'''Muuse Abokor''' wuxuu u kala baxaa 23 Ardaa oo kala ah: 
*'''[[Uduruxmiin muuse|Uduruxmiin Muuse]]'''
*'''[[Axmed Faarax|Axmed Faarax Biciide]]''' 
*'''[[Reeriidle|Reer-idle]]'''
*'''[[Cali barre|Cali Barre]]'''
*'''[[Bahmajeelo]]'''
*'''[[Maxamed barre|Maxamed Barre]]'''
*'''[[Iidle Biciide|Bah jabraahiil]]'''
*'''[[Idarays muuse|Idarays Muuse]]'''
*'''[[beesha Baho|Beesha Baho]]'''
*'''[[Buraale yoonis|Buraale Yoonis]]'''
*'''[[beesha Bahsanbuur|Beesha Bahsanbuur]] 
*'''[[Biciide|Samatar Biciide]]'''
*'''[[looge maxamed]]'''
*'''[[cali maxamed]]''' 
*'''[[Samatar baale]]'''
*'''[[muuse baale]]'''
*'''[[caafi baale]]'''
*'''[[cilmi baale]]'''
*'''[[Hayiile Allamagan]]'''
*'''[[Siciid Allamagan]]'''
*'''[[Kaliil allmagan]]'''
*'''[[Xildiid Allamagan]]'''
*'''[[Bare Cismaan (reer bare)]]'''

==Abtirsiinta==
[[Isaaq|Sheikh Ishaaq Bin Ahmed]] (Sheikh Ishaaq)
''Muuse Isaaq'' (''Habarjeclo)
*MUUSE
*Abokor
*Jibril 
**Abokor Jibril  ○ Cumar jibriil
***[[Maxamed abokor]]
***[[Samane abokor]]
***[[Muuse abokor|&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Muuse Abokor'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]

* Uduruxmin Muse
* Idarays Muuse
* Cabdiraxman Muuse caliu
** Cisman Cabdiraxman (Bah Majeelo)
** Cabdille Cabdiraxman (Bah Majeelo)
** Isaaq Cabdiraxman (Bah Majeelo)
** Yoonis Cabdiraxman (Reer Yoonis)
*** Maxamed Yoonis
*** Cismaan Yoonis
** Barre Cabdiraxman
*** Cali Barre
*** Maxamed Barre
*** Yoonis Barre
**** Buraale Yoonis
****  Biciide Yoonis(Biciide)
****** Iidle Biciide
******Wadhowr Biciide (Bahsanbuur)
******Samatar Biciide (Bahsanbuur)
****** Farah Biciide
******* Ahmed Farah 
******* Iidle Farah (Rer Iidle)
*******CUmar Farah (Boho)
*******Fahiye Farah (Boho)
*******Muuse Farah (Boho)
*******Roobsuge Farah (Boho)
*******Geedi Farah (Boho)
*******Wacays Farah (Boho)
*******Sahal Farah (Boho)
*******Cabdille Farah (Bah Farwiyo)
*******Cali Farah (Bah Farwiyo)

==Magaalooyinka iyo Deegaannada ay Muuse abokor degaan.==
Beeshu waxay degta dhulka ugu baladhan [[Soomaaliland|somaliland]] waxana ka mida ah min laga bilabo [[berbera]] ilaa [[xiis]] oo ay u dhaxayso ku dhowad [[500km]] sidoo kale laamiga teedsan [[burco]] ilaa [[ceerigaabo]] sidoo kale laamiga gobolka [[sool]] aada iyo deegaan kiisa oo dhan ilaa [[guumays]].

'''Siday u kala degan yihiin'''

Beelaha [[maxamed yoonis]] iyo [[bahmajeelo]] waxay gebi ahaan degan yihin gobolada [[saaxil]] iyo [[togdheer]], beelaha [[cismaan yoonis]], [[cali barre]], [[Maxamed barre|maxamed bare]] iyo qaybo kamida [[Reeriidle|reer iidle]] waxay degan yihin gobolka [[saraar]] iyo [[sool]], beelaha [[Uduruxmiin muuse|uduruxmiin]], [[Idarays muuse|idarays]], [[Beesha Bahsanbuur|bahsanbuur]], [[Axmed Faarax|axmed faarax]], reer [[buraale yoonis]] waxay degan yihin gobolka [[sanaag]] iyo sido kale [[saaxil]].

* '''Gobolada'''

[[saraar]]
[[sool]]
[[saaxil]] 
[[sanaag]] 
[[togdheer]] iyo wadamada ethiopia, kenya iyo somalia .

* '''Deegaanda'''
*[[ceerigaabo]]
*[[caynaba]]
*[[ceelafweyn]]
*[[garadag]]
*[[Xiis]]
*[[burco]]
*[[berbera]]
*[[gudmo biyocas]]
*[[Oog]]
*[[bixin]]
*[[barkada cali xirsi]]
*[[degmada badwayn]]
*[[ceeldibir]]
*[[ceeldhaab]]
*[[ceelbaxay]]
*[[ceeryaan]]
*[[Degmada madaxyaweyn]]
*[[degmada ceelal]]
*[[dayaxa]]
*[[dhanaano]]
*[[dararwayne]]
*[[fadhigaab]]
*[[fiqi ayuub]]
*[[garabcad]]
*[[higlo]]
*[[huluul]]
*[[Harti yimid]]
*[[jablehe]]
*[[karin]]
*[[Kalsheekh]]
*[[Kalmac]]
*[[laasadhagaxguduud]]
*[[laasmuuse]]
*[[laasciidle]]
*[[laasdoomaare]]
*[[raaribuul]]
*[[ruguuda]]
*[[shalcaw]]
*[[sincarro]]
*[[soddonlay]]
*[[waridaad]]
*[[warta xooga]]
*[[xamilka]]
*[[xundhurgaal]]
*[[Yufle]]
*[[Gowsawayne]]
*[[Faraguul]]
*[[Fadhiyar]]
*[[God-heeli ]]
*[[Shiisha ]]
*[[Dhooba cantuug]]
*[[Galjano]]
*[[Barekhaawi]]
*[[Taygara]]
*[[Beerweyso|Beerweeso]]
*[[Dhadhiinyaxye]]
*[[Boodhley|Boodhlay]]
*[[Karinbiyood]]
*[[Bocoolo]]
*[[Darayle]]
*[[Biyodhacy]]
*[[Goodcaanood]]
*Qacab
*Durdur
*Ceelcade
*Bali ciise
*Buqdharkayn 
*Garuble 
*Cag iyo dhabardalool
*ilad
*ilad garood
*[[Kalshiikh]]
*[[Yufle]]
*Raqas 
*Maax
*[[Goddaray]]
*[[Godcaanood]]
*[[Uurweyn]]
*[[Wardheer]]
*Urgumi
*galciidle
*Kaam Maaweel
*Siigadheer
*Mashruuca
*Wiriir
*Tuur cabdule
*Tuurciyaal
*Daraylamood
*Ceelnimcoon
*Balanbaal
*Kalaxuunsho
*Qoridheere
*Ceelal
*laasgalool
*Gal iyo qac
*tukub
*dhoomo
*dhuurcilaan
*cilaamo
*laasojaan
*Siraadlay
*Suufdheere
*Dagaar
*taygara
*godheeli 
*fadhiyar

==Dadka caanka ah==
'''Halgamaa'''
*[[xaaji suudi]]

*muj[ guray xadhigle
[[kite fiqi]]

'''Siyaasiyiinta ugu caansan waxa kamida''' :
*[[Michael mariano|Michael mariani]]
*[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamoud_Hashi_Abdi Maxamuud xaashi]
*Xasan gaafaadhi
*NUUR AMAAN
*Yusuf Maxamed Cali (Tuke)
*dube caliyare
*axmed kayse
*Dhoola yare
*Axmed xayir maareye
*Cali sicid raygal
*Hinda  Cali Biikalo
*Axmed Nuur
*Faahiye, Axmed Rooraaye
*
*AxmedJiir
*Abdalle Ali Saed

'''Fanaaniinta waaweyn:'''
*saynab cige
*saafi ducaale
*cabdirisaq saleban gaas
*saabriiina muuse

'''Qaar ka mida Culimada ugu Caansan:'''
*[[sheekh ismaaciil tabliiq]]
*[[Sheekh cali warsame|sheekh Cali warsame]]
'''Dadka ugu caansan baraha bulshada'''

'''•biciide qayilay'''

•cunsiriga biciide

•chunkz

•madar

•hudhud

•cabdiraxman istey

•kaligii laayaan

•yuusuf ceegaag

==Oday dhaqameed-yada ka soo jeeda muuse abokor==
*Suldaan Cali Muuse suldaankii u horeeyay ee Habarjeclo.

*Suldaan Cabdilahi Suldan Cali (suldaanka guud ee beel-weynta Habarjeclo).

*[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buurmadow Boqor cismaan Buurmadow] (Boqorka soomaaliyeed)

'''•Siciid waraabe'''

'''•caaqil xeedho'''

Sidoo kale waxa jira suldaano ay leeyihiin beelaweynta muuse abokor Sida:

*Suldaan Siciid Yuusuf '''Suldaanka [[Biciide]]'''

*Suldaan ismaaciil Nuur wacays(qudde) '''suldaanka [[Beesha Bahsanbuur|bahsanbuur]]'''

Suldaanka reer iidlaha, suldaanka cali baraha, suldaanka uduruxmiinka.

==Tijaarta ka dhalatay ==
*INDHA DEERO GROUP
*ALHARBI
*ASLI MAYDI
*AL IKHWA
*MUBAARIK Pharmacies 
*SHAAHYAHAN
*MUBAARIK fuel station
*BERBERA TUNA 
*Daqiiqda al wadania</text>
      <sha1>20pldu9vd9uzu4gxqc3ahokjm9mj679</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305183</id>
      <parentid>305182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T11:22:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40195-67</username>
        <id>46556</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Reeraha Muuse Abokor */</comment>
      <origin>305183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7529" sha1="cqppyzmqb3ntkkhlmm45sthslusuo19" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Habarjeclo muuse abokor.jpg|thumb]] 
{{Infobox ethnic group|||group=|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|langs=[[Af Soomaali]],  [[Af Carabi]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam]])|related-c=[[Maxamed Abokor]], [[Samane abokor]], [[Cumar Jibriil]] iyo tolka kalee ee beesha [[Habarjeclo]] &lt;!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! --&gt;|native_name=Muuse Abokor &lt;br /&gt; موسى أبوكر|native_name_lang=so|related_groups=}}

 
Beesha '''Muuse Abokor''' waa beesha ugu badan [[:en:Habr_Je'lo|Habarjeclo]] oo ah 2/3 waana  beel balaadhan oo 5 gobol oo somaliland ah degta, Togdheer, Saaxil, Sool, Saraar, iyo Sanaag, Waana beesha ugu deegaanka badan Somaliland. Muuse Abokor wuxuu soohdin la leeyahay [[MUUSE ISMACIIL]]  iyo [[Habaryoonis|Muuse Arreh]] (HY) dhinaca waqooyi-bari, sidoo kale waxay soohdin la leeyihiin [[Reer-Darawiish]] dhinaca bariga iyo dhinaca konfuur-bari, ugu danbeyn m Habar Awal (ciise muuse) oo dhinaca dhinaca galbeedka.
 
Waxay dagaan xeebta ugu dheer somaliland oo berbera ilaa xiis iyo maydh&lt;ref group=&quot;Biciide &quot;&gt;Biciideqayilay&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Beesha muuse abokor waa beesha ay kasoo jeedaan ragii xoreyy somaliland&lt;ref&gt;Yazir&lt;/ref&gt;

'''[[ceerigaabo]]''' '''[[sanaag]]'''

==Reeraha Muuse Abokor==
'''Reeraha ugu waaweyn:'''
* [[biciide]]
* [[reeryoonis]]
* [[cali barre]]
* [[uduruxmiin muuse]]
* [[idarays muuse]]
*[[Bahmajeelo]]
* [[maxamed barre]]
*[[buraale yoonis]]

'''Muuse Abokor''' wuxuu u kala baxaa 23 Ardaa oo kala ah: 
*'''[[Uduruxmiin muuse|Uduruxmiin Muuse]]'''
*'''[[Axmed Faarax|Axmed Faarax Biciide]]''' 
*'''[[Reeriidle|Reer-idle]]'''
*'''[[Cali barre|Cali Barre]]'''
*'''[[Bahmajeelo]]'''
*'''[[Maxamed barre|Maxamed Barre]]'''
*'''[[Iidle Biciide|Iidle Biciide]]'''
*'''[[Idarays muuse|Idarays Muuse]]'''
*'''[[beesha Baho|Beesha Baho]]'''
*'''[[Buraale yoonis|Buraale Yoonis]]'''
*'''[[beesha Bahsanbuur|Beesha Bahsanbuur]] 
*'''[[Biciide|Samatar Biciide]]'''
*'''[[looge maxamed]]'''
*'''[[cali maxamed]]''' 
*'''[[Samatar baale]]'''
*'''[[muuse baale]]'''
*'''[[caafi baale]]'''
*'''[[cilmi baale]]'''
*'''[[Hayiile Allamagan]]'''
*'''[[Siciid Allamagan]]'''
*'''[[Kaliil allmagan]]'''
*'''[[Xildiid Allamagan]]'''
*'''[[Bare Cismaan (reer bare)]]'''

==Abtirsiinta==
[[Isaaq|Sheikh Ishaaq Bin Ahmed]] (Sheikh Ishaaq)
''Muuse Isaaq'' (''Habarjeclo)
*MUUSE
*Abokor
*Jibril 
**Abokor Jibril  ○ Cumar jibriil
***[[Maxamed abokor]]
***[[Samane abokor]]
***[[Muuse abokor|&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Muuse Abokor'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]

* Uduruxmin Muse
* Idarays Muuse
* Cabdiraxman Muuse caliu
** Cisman Cabdiraxman (Bah Majeelo)
** Cabdille Cabdiraxman (Bah Majeelo)
** Isaaq Cabdiraxman (Bah Majeelo)
** Yoonis Cabdiraxman (Reer Yoonis)
*** Maxamed Yoonis
*** Cismaan Yoonis
** Barre Cabdiraxman
*** Cali Barre
*** Maxamed Barre
*** Yoonis Barre
**** Buraale Yoonis
****  Biciide Yoonis(Biciide)
****** Iidle Biciide
******Wadhowr Biciide (Bahsanbuur)
******Samatar Biciide (Bahsanbuur)
****** Farah Biciide
******* Ahmed Farah 
******* Iidle Farah (Rer Iidle)
*******CUmar Farah (Boho)
*******Fahiye Farah (Boho)
*******Muuse Farah (Boho)
*******Roobsuge Farah (Boho)
*******Geedi Farah (Boho)
*******Wacays Farah (Boho)
*******Sahal Farah (Boho)
*******Cabdille Farah (Bah Farwiyo)
*******Cali Farah (Bah Farwiyo)

==Magaalooyinka iyo Deegaannada ay Muuse abokor degaan.==
Beeshu waxay degta dhulka ugu baladhan [[Soomaaliland|somaliland]] waxana ka mida ah min laga bilabo [[berbera]] ilaa [[xiis]] oo ay u dhaxayso ku dhowad [[500km]] sidoo kale laamiga teedsan [[burco]] ilaa [[ceerigaabo]] sidoo kale laamiga gobolka [[sool]] aada iyo deegaan kiisa oo dhan ilaa [[guumays]].

'''Siday u kala degan yihiin'''

Beelaha [[maxamed yoonis]] iyo [[bahmajeelo]] waxay gebi ahaan degan yihin gobolada [[saaxil]] iyo [[togdheer]], beelaha [[cismaan yoonis]], [[cali barre]], [[Maxamed barre|maxamed bare]] iyo qaybo kamida [[Reeriidle|reer iidle]] waxay degan yihin gobolka [[saraar]] iyo [[sool]], beelaha [[Uduruxmiin muuse|uduruxmiin]], [[Idarays muuse|idarays]], [[Beesha Bahsanbuur|bahsanbuur]], [[Axmed Faarax|axmed faarax]], reer [[buraale yoonis]] waxay degan yihin gobolka [[sanaag]] iyo sido kale [[saaxil]].

* '''Gobolada'''

[[saraar]]
[[sool]]
[[saaxil]] 
[[sanaag]] 
[[togdheer]] iyo wadamada ethiopia, kenya iyo somalia .

* '''Deegaanda'''
*[[ceerigaabo]]
*[[caynaba]]
*[[ceelafweyn]]
*[[garadag]]
*[[Xiis]]
*[[burco]]
*[[berbera]]
*[[gudmo biyocas]]
*[[Oog]]
*[[bixin]]
*[[barkada cali xirsi]]
*[[degmada badwayn]]
*[[ceeldibir]]
*[[ceeldhaab]]
*[[ceelbaxay]]
*[[ceeryaan]]
*[[Degmada madaxyaweyn]]
*[[degmada ceelal]]
*[[dayaxa]]
*[[dhanaano]]
*[[dararwayne]]
*[[fadhigaab]]
*[[fiqi ayuub]]
*[[garabcad]]
*[[higlo]]
*[[huluul]]
*[[Harti yimid]]
*[[jablehe]]
*[[karin]]
*[[Kalsheekh]]
*[[Kalmac]]
*[[laasadhagaxguduud]]
*[[laasmuuse]]
*[[laasciidle]]
*[[laasdoomaare]]
*[[raaribuul]]
*[[ruguuda]]
*[[shalcaw]]
*[[sincarro]]
*[[soddonlay]]
*[[waridaad]]
*[[warta xooga]]
*[[xamilka]]
*[[xundhurgaal]]
*[[Yufle]]
*[[Gowsawayne]]
*[[Faraguul]]
*[[Fadhiyar]]
*[[God-heeli ]]
*[[Shiisha ]]
*[[Dhooba cantuug]]
*[[Galjano]]
*[[Barekhaawi]]
*[[Taygara]]
*[[Beerweyso|Beerweeso]]
*[[Dhadhiinyaxye]]
*[[Boodhley|Boodhlay]]
*[[Karinbiyood]]
*[[Bocoolo]]
*[[Darayle]]
*[[Biyodhacy]]
*[[Goodcaanood]]
*Qacab
*Durdur
*Ceelcade
*Bali ciise
*Buqdharkayn 
*Garuble 
*Cag iyo dhabardalool
*ilad
*ilad garood
*[[Kalshiikh]]
*[[Yufle]]
*Raqas 
*Maax
*[[Goddaray]]
*[[Godcaanood]]
*[[Uurweyn]]
*[[Wardheer]]
*Urgumi
*galciidle
*Kaam Maaweel
*Siigadheer
*Mashruuca
*Wiriir
*Tuur cabdule
*Tuurciyaal
*Daraylamood
*Ceelnimcoon
*Balanbaal
*Kalaxuunsho
*Qoridheere
*Ceelal
*laasgalool
*Gal iyo qac
*tukub
*dhoomo
*dhuurcilaan
*cilaamo
*laasojaan
*Siraadlay
*Suufdheere
*Dagaar
*taygara
*godheeli 
*fadhiyar

==Dadka caanka ah==
'''Halgamaa'''
*[[xaaji suudi]]

*muj[ guray xadhigle
[[kite fiqi]]

'''Siyaasiyiinta ugu caansan waxa kamida''' :
*[[Michael mariano|Michael mariani]]
*[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamoud_Hashi_Abdi Maxamuud xaashi]
*Xasan gaafaadhi
*NUUR AMAAN
*Yusuf Maxamed Cali (Tuke)
*dube caliyare
*axmed kayse
*Dhoola yare
*Axmed xayir maareye
*Cali sicid raygal
*Hinda  Cali Biikalo
*Axmed Nuur
*Faahiye, Axmed Rooraaye
*
*AxmedJiir
*Abdalle Ali Saed

'''Fanaaniinta waaweyn:'''
*saynab cige
*saafi ducaale
*cabdirisaq saleban gaas
*saabriiina muuse

'''Qaar ka mida Culimada ugu Caansan:'''
*[[sheekh ismaaciil tabliiq]]
*[[Sheekh cali warsame|sheekh Cali warsame]]
'''Dadka ugu caansan baraha bulshada'''

'''•biciide qayilay'''

•cunsiriga biciide

•chunkz

•madar

•hudhud

•cabdiraxman istey

•kaligii laayaan

•yuusuf ceegaag

==Oday dhaqameed-yada ka soo jeeda muuse abokor==
*Suldaan Cali Muuse suldaankii u horeeyay ee Habarjeclo.

*Suldaan Cabdilahi Suldan Cali (suldaanka guud ee beel-weynta Habarjeclo).

*[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buurmadow Boqor cismaan Buurmadow] (Boqorka soomaaliyeed)

'''•Siciid waraabe'''

'''•caaqil xeedho'''

Sidoo kale waxa jira suldaano ay leeyihiin beelaweynta muuse abokor Sida:

*Suldaan Siciid Yuusuf '''Suldaanka [[Biciide]]'''

*Suldaan ismaaciil Nuur wacays(qudde) '''suldaanka [[Beesha Bahsanbuur|bahsanbuur]]'''

Suldaanka reer iidlaha, suldaanka cali baraha, suldaanka uduruxmiinka.

==Tijaarta ka dhalatay ==
*INDHA DEERO GROUP
*ALHARBI
*ASLI MAYDI
*AL IKHWA
*MUBAARIK Pharmacies 
*SHAAHYAHAN
*MUBAARIK fuel station
*BERBERA TUNA 
*Daqiiqda al wadania</text>
      <sha1>cqppyzmqb3ntkkhlmm45sthslusuo19</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Math</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>36445</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305130</id>
      <parentid>236664</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:36:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305130</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="522" sha1="loxcc5wdrayadh9axqvyklr3t29jdgm" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span class=&quot;texhtml {{#if:{{{big|}}}{{{size|}}}|texhtml-big}}&quot; {{#if:{{{big|}}}{{{size|}}}|style=&quot;font-size:{{{size|165%}}};&quot;}}&gt;{{{1}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check
| unknown = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using Math with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}
| showblankpositional=1
| preview = unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot; (consider using &lt;code&gt;{{!}}1=&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{!}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{=}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;)
| 1 | big | size
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>loxcc5wdrayadh9axqvyklr3t29jdgm</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Sports table</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>37346</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305142</id>
      <parentid>244498</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:55:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305142</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="27094" sha1="d1cfj7ifamd7jpjjyl123lf2cdo0v0h" xml:space="preserve">-- Module to build tables for standings in Sports
-- See documentation for details

require('strict')

local p = {}

-- Main function
function p.main(frame)
	-- Declare locals
	local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
	local Args = getArgs(frame, {parentFirst = true})
	local ii_start, ii_end, N_rows_res = 0
	local text_field_result
	local notes_exist = false
	local t = {}
	local t_footer = {}
	local t_return = {}
	local team_list = {}
	local jj, jjj
	local table_anchor = mw.ustring.gsub(Args['section'] and 'sports-table-' .. Args['section'] or '', ' ', '_')
	
	-- Exit early if we are using section transclusion for a different section
	local tsection = frame:getParent().args['transcludesection'] or frame:getParent().args['section'] or ''
	local bsection = frame.args['section'] or ''
	if( tsection ~= '' and bsection ~= '' ) then
		if( tsection ~= bsection ) then
			return ''
		end
	end

	local templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{
		name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Sports table/styles.css' }
	}
	
	-- Edit links if requested
	local baselink = frame:getParent():getTitle()
	local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	if baselink == 'Module:Excerpt' then baselink = '' end
	if currentTitle.fullText == baselink then	baselink = '' end
	local template_name = (baselink ~= '' and (':' .. baselink .. (table_anchor ~= '' and '#' .. table_anchor or '')))
		or ''

	-- Get the custom start point for the table (most will start by default at 1)
	local top_pos = tonumber(Args['highest_pos']) or 1
	-- Get the custom end point for the table (unrestricted if bottom_pos is &lt; top_pos)
	local bottom_pos = tonumber(Args['lowest_pos']) or 0
	local N_teams = top_pos - 1 -- Default to 0 at start, but higher number needed to skip certain entries
	
	-- Load modules
	local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
	-- Load style and (sub) modules
	local style_def = Args['style'] or 'WDL'
	-- Historically 'football' exists as style, this is now forwarded to WDL
	if style_def == 'football' then style_def = 'WDL' end
	local p_style = require('Module:Sports table/'..style_def)
	local p_sub = require('Module:Sports table/sub')
	
	-- Random value used for uniqueness
	math.randomseed( os.clock() * 10^8 )
	local rand_val = math.random()
	
	-- Declare colour scheme
	local result_col = {}
	result_col = {green1='#BBF3BB', green2='#CCF9CC', green3='#DDFCDD', green4='#EEFFEE',
		blue1='#BBF3FF', blue2='#CCF9FF', blue3='#DDFCFF', blue4='#EEFFFF',
		yellow1='#FFFFBB', yellow2='#FFFFCC', yellow3='#FFFFDD', yellow4='#FFFFEE',
		red1='#FFBBBB', red2='#FFCCCC', red3='#FFDDDD', red4='#FFEEEE',
		black1='#BBBBBB', black2='#CCCCCC', black3='#DDDDDD', black4='#EEEEEE',
		orange1='#FEDCBA', orange2='#FEEAD5',
		white1='inherit',['']='inherit'
	}
	
	-- Show all stats in table or just matches played and points
	local full_table = true
	local hide_results = yesno(Args['hide_results'] or 'no')
	local hide_footer = yesno(Args['hide_footer'] or 'no')
	local pld_pts_val = string.lower(Args['only_pld_pts'] or 'no')
	local show_class_rules = yesno(Args['show_class_rules'] or 'yes') and true or false
	-- True if par doesn't exist, false otherwise
	if yesno(pld_pts_val) then
		full_table = false
	elseif pld_pts_val=='no_hide_class_rules' then
		full_table = true
		show_class_rules = false
	end
	
	-- Declare results column header
	local results_header = {}
	results_header = {Q='Qualification', QR='Qualification or relegation',
		P='Promotion', PQR='Promotion, qualification or relegation',
		PR='Promotion or relegation', PQ='Promotion or qualification', 
		R='Relegation'}
	local results_defined = false -- Check whether this would be needed
	-- Possible prefix for result fields
	local respre = (Args['result_prefix'] or '') .. '_'
	respre = (respre == '_') and '' or respre
	-- Now define line for column header (either option or custom)
	local local_res_header = results_header[Args[respre..'res_col_header']] or Args[respre..'res_col_header']  or ''
	-- Check whether it includes a note
	local res_head_note = Args['note_header_res']
	local res_head_note_text = ''
	if full_table and res_head_note then
		notes_exist = true
		res_head_note_text = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn', args = { group='lower-alpha',  res_head_note} }
	end
	local results_header_txt = '! scope=&quot;col&quot; |'..local_res_header..res_head_note_text..'\n'
	
	-- Get status option
	local t_status = p_style.status(Args)
	
	-- Alternative syntax for team list
	if Args['team_order'] and Args['team_order'] ~= '' then
		local team_order_offset = (tonumber(Args['team_order_start']) or 1) - 1
		local tlist = mw.text.split(Args['team_order'], '%s*[;,]%s*')
		for k, tname in ipairs(tlist) do
			if tname ~= '' then
				Args['team' .. (k + team_order_offset)] = tname
			end
		end
	end
	
	-- Read in number of consecutive teams (ignore entries after skipping a spot)
	while Args['team'..N_teams+1] ~= nil and (bottom_pos &lt; top_pos or N_teams &lt; bottom_pos) do
		N_teams = N_teams+1
		-- Sneakily add it twice to the team_list parameter, once for the actual
		-- ranking, the second for position lookup in sub-tables
		-- This is possible because Lua allows both numbers and strings as indices.
		team_list[N_teams] = Args['team'..N_teams] -- i^th entry is team X
		team_list[Args['team'..N_teams]] = N_teams -- team X entry is position i
	end

	-- Optional totals
	local total_row_name = 'SPORTS_TABLE_TOTAL'
	if yesno(Args['show_totals'] or 'no') then
		N_teams = N_teams+1
		Args['team' .. N_teams] = total_row_name
		Args['name_' .. total_row_name] = 'Total'
		Args['result' .. N_teams] = total_row_name
		Args['col_' .. total_row_name] = '#eee'
		team_list[N_teams] = Args['team' .. N_teams]
		team_list[Args['team'..N_teams]] = N_teams
	end

	-- Show position
	local position_col = yesno(Args['show_positions'] or 'yes') and true or false
	
	-- Show groups or note
	local group_col = yesno(Args['show_groups'] or 'no') and true or false

	-- Show match_table or not
	local match_table = yesno(Args['show_matches'] or 'no') and true or false
	local p_matches = match_table and 
		(style_def == 'Chess' and require('Module:Sports results/'..style_def) or require('Module:Sports results'))
	
	-- Custom position column label or note
	local pos_label = Args['postitle'] or '&lt;abbr title=&quot;Position&quot;&gt;Pos&lt;/abbr&gt;'
	if position_col == false then pos_label = nil end
	
	-- Show status or not
	local show_status = yesno(Args['show_status'] or 'yes') and true or false

	-- Get VTE button text (but only for non-empty text)
	local VTE_text = ''
	if (template_name ~= '') then
		VTE_text = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar({
			template_name,
			mini=1,
			style='float:right',
			brackets=1
		})
		
		-- remove the next part if https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=832717047#Sortable_link_disables_navbar_links?
		-- is ever fixed
		if yesno(Args['sortable_table'] or 'no') then
			VTE_text = mw.ustring.gsub(VTE_text, '&lt;%/?abbr[^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;', ' ')
		end
	end
	
	-- Add source to title if specified and possible
	local title_source = false
	if Args['title'] and Args['title_source'] then
		Args['title'] = Args['title'] .. Args['title_source']
		title_source = true
	elseif Args['table_header'] and Args['table_header_source'] then
		Args['table_header'] = Args['table_header'] .. Args['table_header_source']
		title_source = true
	end

	-- Add a table anchor
	if table_anchor ~= '' then
		table.insert(t, '&lt;span class=&quot;anchor&quot; id=&quot;' .. table_anchor .. '&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;\n')
	end

	-- Write column headers
	t_return = p_style.header(t,Args,p_sub,pos_label,group_col,VTE_text,full_table,results_header_txt)
	if match_table then
		-- Add empty column header
		t_return.count = t_return.count+1
		table.insert(t_return.tab_text,'! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;color:black;border-top:white;border-bottom:white;line-width:3pt;&quot;| \n')
		
		-- Add rest of header
		t_return = p_matches.header(t_return,Args,p_sub,N_teams,team_list,tonumber(Args['legs']) or 1)
	end
	t = t_return.tab_text
	local N_cols = t_return.count
	
	-- Determine what entries go into table
	-- Find out which team to show (if any)
	local ii_show = team_list[Args['showteam'] or Args['team'] or nil] -- nil if non-existant
	-- Start and end positions to show
	local n_to_show = tonumber(Args['show_limit']) or N_teams
	-- Check for &quot;legal value&quot;, if not legal (or non declared), then show all
	local check_n = ((n_to_show&gt;=(N_teams-top_pos+1)) or (n_to_show&lt;=1) or (n_to_show~=math.floor(n_to_show)))
	-- Also check whether there is a valid ii_show
	if check_n or (not ii_show) then
		ii_start = top_pos
		ii_end = N_teams
	else
		-- It's a proper integer between top_pos+1 and N_teams-1
		-- If it is in the middle show the same number above and below
		-- If it is in the top or bottom, show the exact number
		-- How many to show on the side
		local n_show_side = math.floor(n_to_show/2)
		if (ii_show-top_pos+1)&lt;=n_show_side then
			-- Top team
			ii_start = top_pos
			ii_end = top_pos+n_to_show-1
		elseif ii_show&gt;=(N_teams+1-n_show_side) then
			-- Bottom team
			ii_start = N_teams+1-n_to_show
			ii_end = N_teams
		else
			-- Normal case
			ii_start = ii_show-n_show_side
			ii_end = ii_show+n_show_side
		end
	end
	
	-- For results column
	local new_res_ii = ii_start
	-- Pre-check for existence of column
	if not hide_results then
		for ii = ii_start, ii_end do
			if Args[respre..'result'..ii] and Args[respre..'text_' .. Args[respre..'result'..ii]] then results_defined = true end
		end
	end
	-- Remove results header if it is unused
	if full_table and not results_defined then
		-- First get it as one string, then use string replace to replace that header by empty string
		local t_str = tostring(table.concat(t))
		t_str = mw.ustring.gsub( t_str, results_header_txt, '' )
		N_cols = N_cols-1 -- There is actually one column less
		t = {}
		table.insert(t, t_str)
	end
	
	-- Write rows
	local team_name, team_code_ii, team_code_jj, pos_num, group_txt, note_local
	local note_string, note_local, note_local_num, note_id
	local note_id_list = {}
	local hth_id_list = {}
	for ii = ii_start, ii_end do
		-- First get code
		team_code_ii = team_list[ii]
		-- Now read values
		pos_num = Args['pos_'..team_code_ii]			or ii
		group_txt = Args['group_'..team_code_ii]		or ' '
		team_name = Args['name_'..team_code_ii]		 	or team_code_ii
		note_local = Args['note_'..team_code_ii] 		or nil
		
		-- Does it need a promotion/qualification/relegation tag
		local result_local = Args[respre..'result'..ii] or nil
		local bg_col = nil

		-- Get local background colour
		if result_local then
			bg_col = result_col[Args[respre..'col_'..result_local]] or Args[respre..'col_'..result_local] or 'inherit'
            if bg_col == 'inherit' then bg_col = bg_col .. 'background-color:inherit; color: inherit' 
            else
			bg_col = 'background-color:'..bg_col..';color:black;' 	-- Full style tag
		    end
        end
		if not bg_col then bg_col = 'background-color:transparent; color: inherit;' end -- Becomes default if undefined
		
		-- Bold this line or not
		local ii_fw = ii == ii_show and 'font-weight: bold;' or 'font-weight: normal;'
		if yesno(Args['show_totals'] or 'no') and team_code_ii == total_row_name then
			ii_fw = 'font-weight: bold;'
		end
		
		-- Check whether there is a note or not, if so get text ready for it
		if note_local and full_table then
			-- Set global check for notes to true
			notes_exist = true
			-- There are now 3 options for notes
			-- 1) It is a full note
			-- 2) It is a referal to another note (i.e. it's just a team code; e.g. note_AAA=Text, note_BBB=AAA) in which the note for BBB should link to the same footnote as AAA, with
			-- 2a) The other linked note exist in the part of the table shown
			-- 2b) The part of the note does not exist in the part of the table shown
			if not Args['note_'..note_local] then
				-- Option 1
				-- Now define the identifier for this
				note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..team_code_ii..rand_val..'&quot;' -- Add random end for unique ID if more tables are present on article (which might otherwise share an ID)
				note_id_list[team_code_ii] = note_id
				
				-- Call refn template
				note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn', args = { group='lower-alpha',  name=note_id, note_local} }
			else 
				-- Option 2
				-- It is option 2a in either one if either the main note is inside the sub-table
				--                                  or another ref to that note is inside the sub-table
				-- Basically when it either has been defined, or the main link will be in the table
				note_local_num = team_list[note_local]
				if note_id_list[note_local] or ((note_local_num &gt;= ii_start) and (note_local_num &lt;= ii_end)) then
					-- Option 2a
					note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..note_local..rand_val..'&quot;'
					note_string = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'ref', args = { group = 'lower-alpha', name = note_id} }
				else
					-- Option 2b
					-- Now define the identifier for this
					note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..note_local..rand_val..'&quot;' -- Add random end for unique ID
					note_id_list[note_local] = note_id
					
					-- Call refn template
					note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn', args = { group='lower-alpha',  name=note_id, Args['note_'..note_local]} }
				end
			end
		else
			note_string = '';
		end
		
		-- Insert status when needed
		local status_string = ''
		local status_local = show_status and Args[respre .. 'status_'..team_code_ii] or nil
		local status_let_first = true
		local curr_letter
		-- Only if it is defined
		if status_local then
			-- Take it letter by letter
			for jjj = 1,mw.ustring.len(status_local) do
				curr_letter = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(status_local,jjj,jjj))
				-- See whether it exist
				if t_status.code[curr_letter] then
					-- Depending on whether it is the first letter of not
					if status_let_first then
						status_string = curr_letter
						t_status.called[curr_letter] = true
						status_let_first = false
					else
						status_string = status_string..', '..curr_letter
						t_status.called[curr_letter] = true
					end
				end
			end
			-- Only add brackets/dash and bolding if it exist
			if not status_let_first then 
				if t_status.position == 'before' then
					status_string = '&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;'..string.lower(status_string)..' &amp;ndash;&lt;/span&gt; ' 
				else
					status_string = ' &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;('..status_string..')&lt;/span&gt;' 
				end
			end
		end
		
		-- Now build the rows
		if yesno(Args['show_totals'] or 'no') and team_code_ii == total_row_name then
			table.insert(t,'|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;\n')											-- New row
		else
			table.insert(t,'|- \n')																-- New row
		end
		if position_col then
			table.insert(t,'| style=&quot;text-align: center;'..ii_fw..bg_col..'&quot;| '..pos_num..'\n')	-- Position number
		end
		if full_table and group_col then
			table.insert(t,'| style=&quot;'..ii_fw..bg_col..'&quot; |'..group_txt..'\n') 							-- Group number/name
		end
		-- Build the team string order based on status position
		local team_string
		if t_status.position == 'before' then
			team_string = status_string..team_name..note_string
		else
			team_string = team_name..note_string..status_string
		end
		table.insert(t,'! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;'..ii_fw..bg_col..'&quot;| '..team_string..'\n')-- Team (with possible note)
		-- Call to subfunction
		t_return = p_style.row(frame,t,Args,p_sub,notes_exist,hth_id_list,full_table,rand_val,team_list,team_code_ii,ii_start,ii_end,ii_fw,bg_col,N_teams,ii,ii_show)
		t = t_return.t
		notes_exist = t_return.notes_exist
		hth_id_list = t_return.hth_id_list
		
		-- Now check what needs to be added inside the results column
		if full_table then
			local res_jjj
			if ii == new_res_ii then
				-- First check how many rows you need for this
				N_rows_res = 1
				jjj = ii+1
				result_local = Args[respre..'result'..ii] or ''
				local cont_loop = true
				while (jjj&lt;=ii_end) and cont_loop do
					if Args['split'..tostring(jjj-1)] then
						cont_loop = false
						new_res_ii = jjj
					else
						res_jjj = Args[respre..'result'..jjj] or ''
						if result_local == res_jjj then 
							N_rows_res = N_rows_res+1 
						else
							cont_loop = false
							new_res_ii = jjj
						end
					end
					jjj = jjj+1
				end
				-- Now create this field (reuse ii_fw and bg_col)
				-- Bold (if in range) or not
				if ii_show and (ii_show&gt;=ii) and (ii_show&lt;=(ii+N_rows_res-1)) then
					ii_fw = 'font-weight: bold;'
				else
					ii_fw = 'font-weight: normal;'
				end
				-- Get background colour
				bg_col = nil

				if Args[respre..'result'..ii] then
					bg_col = result_col[Args[respre..'col_'..result_local]] or Args[respre..'col_'..result_local] or 'inherit'
					if bg_col == 'inherit' then bg_col = bg_col .. '; color: inherit'
                    else
					bg_col = 'background-color:'..bg_col..';color:black;' 	-- Full style tag
				    end
				end
				if not bg_col then bg_col = 'background-color:transparent; color: inherit;' end -- Becomes default if undefined
				-- Check for notes
				local note_res_string, note_ref, note_text = '', '', ''
				if Args['note_res_'..result_local] then
					notes_exist = true
					local note_res_local = Args['note_res_'..result_local]
					
					-- Split the note_res_local into a table if all the entries are valid
					local multiref = 1
					local note_res_local_table = mw.text.split(note_res_local, '%s*,%s*')
					if (#note_res_local_table &gt; 1) then
						for k, note_res_loc in ipairs(note_res_local_table) do
							multiref = multiref * (Args['note_res_' .. note_res_loc] and 1 or 0)
						end
					else
						multiref = 0
					end

					-- Split failed, so make a single entry table with hth_local inside
					if multiref &lt; 1 then
						note_res_local_table = { note_res_local }
					end

					for k,note_res_local in ipairs(note_res_local_table) do
						if not Args['note_res_'..note_res_local] then
							-- It does not point to another result note
							note_ref = respre..'res_'..result_local
							note_id = '&quot;table_note_res_'..result_local..rand_val..'&quot;' -- Identifier
							note_text = note_res_local
						else
							-- It does point to another result note
							note_ref = respre..'res_'..note_res_local
							note_id = '&quot;table_note_res_'..note_res_local..rand_val..'&quot;' -- Identifier
							note_text = Args['note_res_'..note_res_local]
						end
						-- Check whether it is already printed
						if not note_id_list[note_ref] then
							-- Print it
							note_id_list[note_ref] = note_id
							note_res_string = note_res_string .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn', args = { group='lower-alpha',  name=note_id, note_text} }
						else
							-- Refer to it
							note_res_string = note_res_string .. frame:extensionTag{ name = 'ref', args = { group = 'lower-alpha', name = note_id} }
						end
					end
				end
				-- Get text
				local text_result = Args[respre..'text_'..result_local] or ''
				if text_result:match('fbmulticomp') then
					ii_fw = 'padding:0;' .. ii_fw
					if text_result:match('fbmulticompefn') then
						notes_exist = true
					end
				end
				text_field_result = '| style=&quot;'..ii_fw..bg_col..'&quot; rowspan=&quot;'..tostring(N_rows_res)..'&quot; |'..text_result..note_res_string..'\n'
				-- See whether it is needed (only when blank for all entries)
				if results_defined then table.insert(t,text_field_result) end
			end
		end
	
		-- Insert match row if needed
		if match_table then
			local legs = tonumber(Args['legs']) or 1
			-- Add empty cell
			table.insert(t,'| style=&quot;background-color:white;color:black;border-top:white;border-bottom:white;&quot;| \n')
			
			-- Now include note to match results if needed 
			for jj=top_pos,N_teams do
				team_code_jj = team_list[jj]
				if ii == jj then
					-- Nothing
				else
					for l=1,legs do
						local m = (legs == 1) and 'match_' or 'match' .. l .. '_'
						local match_note = Args[m..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj..'_note']
						if match_note then
							notes_exist = true
							-- Only when it exist
							-- First check for existence of reference for note
							if not (Args['note_'..match_note] or Args[m..match_note..'_note']) then
								-- It's the entry
								note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj..rand_val..'&quot;' -- Add random end for unique ID if more tables are present on article (which might otherwise share an ID)
								note_id_list[team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj] = note_id
								
								note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn', args = { group='lower-alpha', name=note_id,  match_note} }
							else 
								-- Check for existence elsewhere
								note_local_num = team_list[match_note] or ii_end + 1
								if note_id_list[match_note] or ((note_local_num &gt;= ii_start) and (note_local_num &lt;= ii_end)) then
									-- It exists
									note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..match_note..rand_val..'&quot;' -- Identifier
									note_string = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'ref', args = { group = 'lower-alpha', name = note_id} }
								else
									-- Now define the identifier for this
									note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..match_note..rand_val..'&quot;' -- Add random end for unique ID
									note_id_list[match_note] = note_id
									-- Call refn template
									note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn', args = { group='lower-alpha', name=note_id, Args['note_'..match_note]} }
								end
							end

							-- Now append this to the match result string
							Args[m..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj] = (Args[m..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj] or '')..note_string
						end
					end
				end
			end
			
			-- Add rest of match row
			t = p_matches.row(t,Args,N_teams,team_list,ii,ii_show,legs)
		end
	
		-- Now, if needed, insert a split (solid line to indicate split in standings, but only when it is not at the last shown position)
		if Args['split'..ii] and (ii&lt;ii_end) then
			-- Base size on N_cols (it needs 2*N_cols |)
			table.insert(t,'|- style=&quot;color:inherit;background-color:'..result_col['black1']..'; line-height:3pt;&quot;\n')
			table.insert(t,string.rep('|',2*N_cols)..'\n')
		end
	end
	
	-- Close table
	table.insert(t, '|}')
	
	-- Get info for footer
	local update = Args['update']			or 'unknown'
	local start_date = Args['start_date'] 	or 'unknown'
	local source = Args['source']			or (title_source == true and '')
		or frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'citation needed', args = { reason='No source parameter defined', date=os.date('%B %Y') } }
	local class_rules = Args['class_rules']	or nil
	
	-- Create footer text
	-- Date updating
	local matches_text = Args['matches_text'] or 'match(es)'
	if string.lower(update)=='complete' or hide_footer then
		-- Do nothing
	elseif update=='' then
		-- Empty parameter
		table.insert(t_footer,'Updated to '..matches_text..' played on unknown. ')
	elseif string.lower(update)=='future' then
		-- Future start date
		table.insert(t_footer,'First '..matches_text..' will be played: '..start_date..'. ')
	else
		table.insert(t_footer,'Updated to '..matches_text..' played on '..update..'. ')
	end
	
	-- Stack footer or not
	local footer_break = yesno(Args['stack_footer'] or 'no') and true or false
	
	-- Variable for linebreak
	local stack_string = '&lt;br&gt;'
	
	if footer_break and (not (string.lower(update)=='complete')) and not hide_footer then table.insert(t_footer,stack_string) end
	
	if source ~= '' and not hide_footer then
		table.insert(t_footer,'Source: '..source)
	end
	if class_rules and full_table and show_class_rules and not hide_footer then
		if (#t_footer &gt; 0) then table.insert(t_footer,'&lt;br&gt;') end
		table.insert(t_footer,'Rules for classification: '..class_rules)
	end
	
	-- Now for the named status
	local status_exist = false
	local status_string = ''
	local curr_letter
	for jjj = 1,mw.ustring.len(t_status.letters) do
		curr_letter = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(t_status.letters,jjj,jjj))
		if t_status.called[curr_letter] then
			if (footer_break and status_exist) then
				status_string = status_string..stack_string
			end
			if t_status.position == 'before' then
				status_string = status_string..'&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;'..string.lower(curr_letter)..' &amp;ndash;&lt;/span&gt; '..t_status.code[curr_letter]..'; '
			else
				status_string = status_string..'&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;('..curr_letter..')&lt;/span&gt; '..t_status.code[curr_letter]..'; '
			end
			status_exist = true
		end
	end
	-- Now if it contains entries the '; ' needs to be removed
	if status_exist and not hide_footer then
		if (#t_footer &gt; 0) then table.insert(t_footer,'&lt;br&gt;') end
		status_string = mw.ustring.sub(status_string,1,mw.ustring.len(status_string)-2)
		table.insert(t_footer,status_string)
	end
	
	-- Add notes (if applicable)
	if notes_exist then
		if (#t_footer &gt; 0) then table.insert(t_footer,'&lt;br&gt;') end
		table.insert(t_footer,'Notes:')
		-- As reflist size text
		t_footer = '&lt;div class=&quot;sports-table-notes&quot;&gt;'..table.concat(t_footer)..'&lt;/div&gt;'
		t_footer = t_footer..frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'notelist', args = { group='lower-alpha'} }
	else
		-- As reflist size text
		t_footer = '&lt;div class=&quot;sports-table-notes&quot;&gt;'..table.concat(t_footer)..'&lt;/div&gt;'
	end
	
	-- Add footer to main text table
	table.insert(t,t_footer)
	
	-- Rewrite anchor links
	for k=1,#t do
		if t[k]:match('%[%[#[^%[%]]*%|') then
			t[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(t[k], '(%[%[)(#[^%[%]]*%|)', '%1' .. baselink .. '%2')
		end
	end
	
-- Generate tracking
	if not Args['notracking'] then
		local exclude_tracking_categories = (currentTitle.namespace == 2) or (currentTitle.fullText):find('/sandbox$') or (currentTitle.fullText):find('/testcases$')
		local getTracking = require('Module:Sports table/argcheck').check
		local warning_categories, tracking_categories = getTracking(Args, frame:getParent().args)
		if #warning_categories &gt; 0 then
			if frame:preprocess( &quot;{{REVISIONID}}&quot; ) == &quot;&quot; then
				for k=1,#warning_categories do
					warning_categories[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(warning_categories[k], '^%[%[Category:Pages using sports table with (.*)|(.*)%]%]$', '&lt;div style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Warning: %1 = %2&lt;/div&gt;')
				end
			end
		end
		-- Add tracking categories
		if not exclude_tracking_categories then
			for k=1,#warning_categories do
				table.insert(t, warning_categories[k])
			end
			for k=1,#tracking_categories do
				table.insert(t, tracking_categories[k])
			end
		end
		
		if((Args['showteam'] or Args['team']) == nil) then
			local getWarnings = require('Module:Sports table/totalscheck').check
			local total_warnings = getWarnings(Args, team_list, ii_start, ii_end)
			if #total_warnings &gt; 0 then
				if frame:preprocess( &quot;{{REVISIONID}}&quot; ) == &quot;&quot; then
					for k=1,#total_warnings do
						table.insert(t, '&lt;div style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Possible problem: ' .. total_warnings[k] .. '&lt;/div&gt;')
					end
				end
			end
		end
	else
		table.insert(t, '[[Category:Pages using sports table with notracking]]')
	end
	
	if Args['float'] then
		return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'stack begin', args = {clear = 'true', margin = '1', float = Args['float']} }
			.. templatestyles .. '\n' .. table.concat(t) .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'stack end'}
	end

	return templatestyles .. '\n' .. table.concat(t)
end
 
return p</text>
      <sha1>d1cfj7ifamd7jpjjyl123lf2cdo0v0h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Beesha Iidle Biciide</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305124</id>
      <parentid>305094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:41:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40195-67</username>
        <id>46556</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305124</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2159" sha1="jfkyhn5xb7b224w3dth06sq4gh70885" xml:space="preserve">'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;BEESHA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''


Beesha Iidle Biciide waa beel ka tirsan Habar Jeclo Gaar ahaan Muuse Abokor. Waxa ay degaan degaano ka tirsan G.Sanaag. sida Ceel-Afweyn, Bixin, Biyo dhacay, Dhabar-Dalool, Suuf-Dheere iyo Ceerigabo. Waxa kaso jeeda beesha Siyaasiyiin, Saraakiil iyo cuqaal aad uga so dhex muuqday halgankii xornimo doonka somaliland.  

== Deegaannada ay degaan ==

Beesha Iidle Biciide waxaa lagu sheegaa inay degto deegaannadan:

* Bixin
* Suf-dheere
* Biyo-dhacay
* Garuuble
* Dhabar-dalool 
* Ceel Afweyn
* Ceerigaabo

■ '''IIDLE BICIIDE...'''
== Jilibyada ==

Beesha Iidle Biciide waxay u kala baxdaa jilibyadan:

* Rooble
* Saalax
* Wacays
* Maxamed Cabdi
* Xareed
* Cabdulle Cabdi 


■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Daahir&lt;/code&gt;

■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Axmed&lt;/code&gt;

■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Dhunkaall&lt;/code&gt; 

== Dadka caanka ah ==

=== MUJAAHIDIINTA ===
● C/laahi Saalax Oogle 
* Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle Nuur 

=== SIYAASIYIINTA ===
● Siyaasi Ismaaciil Faarax Maxamed (DAD-QAL) Mid kamida Aasaasayaashi xisbigii UDUB 

● Siyaasi Cismaan Faarax Maxamed (Hamasholl)

● Siyaasi Axmed Siciid Maxamed (Godane) Agaasimaha Guud ee Ciyaara 

● Xill-dhibaan Sahal Mire 

=== MADAX DHAQAMEEDKA BEESHA ===
● Chief Caaqil Faarax Maxamed Dhunkaall 

● Cheif Caaqil Aadan cabdi 

● Cheif Caaqil Cabdulle Cade

● Cheif Caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur 

● Caaqil Cali Axmed Weyrax 

● Caaqil maxamed ismaaciil Aadan 

● Caaqil Ismaaciil Axmed Weyrax 

● Maxamed Siciid Maxamed 

'''ODAYAASHA BEESHA''' 

● Cawil Mire Rooble 

● Maxamuud Faarax Maxamed (hurre)

● Cali Cismaan Faarax (Cali madoobe)

● Iiman Cabdi Cabdulle 

● Aw salaad 

● ismaaciil Xuseen Gabaydhe ( Baylood)

● Rashiid Faarax Maxamed 

● Rashiid Gadhoodhsade

'''DHALINYARADA BEESHA''' 

● Axmed Aadan 《GANACSADE 》

● Yaasiin Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》

● Maxamed Faarax Darawal 《GANACSADE》

● Saleeban Cabdullahi Cawed 《DR 》

● Maxamed Faarax Cali 《DR 》

● Axmed Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》

● Nuux Hadhweyne 《ENGINEER 》 

● Cabdisalaan Jaamac Ciise 《DR 》

● Cawil Aadan Axmed 《GANACSADE 》</text>
      <sha1>jfkyhn5xb7b224w3dth06sq4gh70885</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305125</id>
      <parentid>305124</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:42:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40195-67</username>
        <id>46556</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305125</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2158" sha1="k65e7nhcsx3iy5wdyplbny3p2v2zspu" xml:space="preserve">'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;BEESHA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''


Beesha Iidle Biciide waa beel ka tirsan Habar Jeclo Gaar ahaan Muuse Abokor. Waxa ay degaan degaano ka tirsan G.Sanaag. sida Ceel-Afweyn, Bixin, Biyo dhacay, Dhabar-Dalool, Suuf-Dheere iyo Ceerigabo. Waxa kaso jeeda beesha Siyaasiyiin, Saraakiil iyo cuqaal aad uga so dhex muuqday halgankii xornimo doonka somaliland.  

== Deegaannada ay degaan ==

Beesha Iidle Biciide waxaa lagu sheegaa inay degto deegaannadan:

* Bixin
* Suf-dheere
* Biyo-dhacay
* Garuuble
* Dhabar-dalool 
* Ceel Afweyn
* Ceerigaabo

■ '''IIDLE BICIIDE...'''
== Jilibyada ==

Beesha Iidle Biciide waxay u kala baxdaa jilibyadan:

* Rooble
* Saalax
* Wacays
* Maxamed Cabdi
* Xareed
* Cabdulle Cabdi 


■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Daahir&lt;/code&gt;

■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Axmed&lt;/code&gt;

■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Dhunkaall&lt;/code&gt; 

== Dadka caanka ah ==

=== MUJAAHIDIINTA ===
● C/laahi Saalax Oogle 
* Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle Nuur 

=== SIYAASIYIINTA ===
● Siyaasi Ismaaciil Faarax Maxamed (DAD-QAL) Mid kamida Aasaasayaashi xisbigii UDUB 

● Siyaasi Cismaan Faarax Maxamed (Hamasholl)

● Siyaasi Axmed Siciid Maxamed (Godane) Agaasimaha Guud ee Ciyaara 

● Xill-dhibaan Sahal Mire 

=== MADAX DHAQAMEEDKA BEESHA ===
● Chief Caaqil Faarax Maxamed Dhunkaall 

● Cheif Caaqil Aadan cabdi 

● Cheif Caaqil Cabdulle Cade

● Cheif Caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur 

● Caaqil Cali Axmed Weyrax 

● Caaqil maxamed ismaaciil Aadan 

● Caaqil Ismaaciil Axmed Weyrax 

'''ODAYAASHA BEESHA''' 

● Cawil Mire Rooble 

● Maxamuud Faarax Maxamed (hurre)

● Cali Cismaan Faarax (Cali madoobe)

● Maxamed Siciid Maxamed

● Iiman Cabdi Cabdulle 

● Aw salaad 

● ismaaciil Xuseen Gabaydhe ( Baylood)

● Rashiid Faarax Maxamed 

● Rashiid Gadhoodhsade

'''DHALINYARADA BEESHA''' 

● Axmed Aadan 《GANACSADE 》

● Yaasiin Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》

● Maxamed Faarax Darawal 《GANACSADE》

● Saleeban Cabdullahi Cawed 《DR 》

● Maxamed Faarax Cali 《DR 》

● Axmed Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》

● Nuux Hadhweyne 《ENGINEER 》 

● Cabdisalaan Jaamac Ciise 《DR 》

● Cawil Aadan Axmed 《GANACSADE 》</text>
      <sha1>k65e7nhcsx3iy5wdyplbny3p2v2zspu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305181</id>
      <parentid>305125</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T11:00:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40195-67</username>
        <id>46556</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305181</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2448" sha1="i900uzpyxyhyzh0rrszz77s8ckrw30n" xml:space="preserve">'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;BEESHA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''


Beesha Iidle Biciide waa beel ka tirsan Habar Jeclo Gaar ahaan Muuse Abokor. Waxa ay degaan degaano ka tirsan G.Sanaag. sida Ceel-Afweyn, Bixin, Biyo dhacay, Dhabar-Dalool, Suuf-Dheere iyo Ceerigabo. Waxa kaso jeeda beesha Siyaasiyiin, Saraakiil iyo cuqaal aad uga so dhex muuqday halgankii xornimo doonka somaliland.  

== Deegaannada ay degaan ==

Beesha Iidle Biciide waxaa lagu sheegaa inay degto deegaannadan:

* Bixin
* Suf-dheere
* Biyo-dhacay
* Garuuble
* Dhabar-dalool 
* Ceel Afweyn
* Ceerigaabo

■ '''IIDLE BICIIDE...'''
== Jilibyada ==

Beesha Iidle Biciide waxay u kala baxdaa jilibyadan:

* Rooble
* Saalax
* Wacays
* Maxamed Cabdi
* Xareed
* Cabdulle Cabdi 


■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Daahir&lt;/code&gt;

■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Axmed&lt;/code&gt;

■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Dhunkaall&lt;/code&gt; 

== Dadka caanka ah ==

=== MUJAAHIDIINTA ===
● C/laahi Saalax Oogle 
* Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle 

=== SIYAASIYIINTA ===
● Siyaasi Ismaaciil Faarax Maxamed (DAD-QAL) Mid kamida Aasaasayaashi xisbigii UDUB 

● Siyaasi Cismaan Faarax Maxamed (Hamasholl)

● Siyaasi Axmed Siciid Maxamed (Godane) DG Agaasimaha Guud ee Ciyaara 

● Xill-dhibaan Sahal Mire 

●  

=== MADAX DHAQAMEEDKA BEESHA ===
● Chief Caaqil Faarax Maxamed Dhunkaall 

● Cheif Caaqil Aadan cabdi 

● Cheif Caaqil Cabdulle Cade

● Cheif Caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur 

● Caaqil Ismaaciil Aadan cabdi  

● Caaqil Cali Axmed Weyrax 

● Caaqil maxamed ismaaciil Aadan 

● Caaqil Ismaaciil Axmed Weyrax 

● Caaqil Cabdi cawl Cabdulle  

'''ODAYAASHA BEESHA''' 

● Cawil Mire Rooble 

● Maxamuud Faarax Maxamed (hurre)

● Cali Cismaan Faarax (Cali madoobe)

● Maxamed Siciid Maxamed

● Iiman Cabdi Cabdulle 

● Aw salaad 

● ismaaciil Xuseen Gabaydhe ( Baylood)

● Rashiid Faarax Maxamed 

● Rashiid Gadhoodhsade

● Maxamed ciise 

● Ibraahin Axmed Weyrax 

● Xasan Caateeye Dhunkaall 

● Goox cabdi 

● Siciid Maxamed Aadan 

'''DHALINYARADA BEESHA'''

● Axmed Aadan 《GANACSADE 》

● Yaasiin Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》

● Maxamed Faarax Darawal 《GANACSADE》

● Saleeban Cabdullahi Cawed 《DR 》

●Mukhtaar Maxamed Saalax 《ENGINEER 》

● Maxamed Faarax Cali 《DR 》

● Axmed Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》

● Nuux Hadhweyne 《ENGINEER 》 

● Cabdisalaan Jaamac Ciise 《DR 》

● Cawil Aadan Axmed 《GANACSADE 》

● C/raxmaan xusen Aadan 

● Maxamuud cilmi</text>
      <sha1>i900uzpyxyhyzh0rrszz77s8ckrw30n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305184</id>
      <parentid>305181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T11:46:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-40111-43</username>
        <id>46551</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* SIYAASIYIINTA */</comment>
      <origin>305184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2340" sha1="ppvw8qjj16jjkxr9y6f8lmskw0isnyr" xml:space="preserve">'''&lt;big&gt;&lt;u&gt;BEESHA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''


Beesha Iidle Biciide waa beel ka tirsan Habar Jeclo Gaar ahaan Muuse Abokor. Waxa ay degaan degaano ka tirsan G.Sanaag. sida Ceel-Afweyn, Bixin, Biyo dhacay, Dhabar-Dalool, Suuf-Dheere iyo Ceerigabo. Waxa kaso jeeda beesha Siyaasiyiin, Saraakiil iyo cuqaal aad uga so dhex muuqday halgankii xornimo doonka somaliland.  

== Deegaannada ay degaan ==

Beesha Iidle Biciide waxaa lagu sheegaa inay degto deegaannadan:

* Bixin
* Suf-dheere
* Biyo-dhacay
* Garuuble
* Dhabar-dalool 
* Ceel Afweyn
* Ceerigaabo

■ '''IIDLE BICIIDE...'''
== Jilibyada ==

Beesha Iidle Biciide waxay u kala baxdaa jilibyadan:

* Rooble
* Saalax
* Wacays
* Maxamed Cabdi
* Xareed
* Cabdulle Cabdi 


■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Daahir&lt;/code&gt;

■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Axmed&lt;/code&gt;

■ &lt;code&gt;Reer Dhunkaall&lt;/code&gt; 

== Dadka caanka ah ==

=== MUJAAHIDIINTA ===
● C/laahi Saalax Oogle 
* Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle 

=== SIYAASIYIINTA ===
● Siyaasi Ismaaciil Faarax Maxamed (DAD-QAL) Mid kamida Aasaasayaashi xisbigii UDUB 

● Siyaasi Cismaan Faarax Maxamed (Hamasholl)   

=== MADAX DHAQAMEEDKA BEESHA ===
● Chief Caaqil Faarax Maxamed Dhunkaall 

● Cheif Caaqil Aadan cabdi 

● Cheif Caaqil Cabdulle Cade

● Cheif Caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur 

● Caaqil Ismaaciil Aadan cabdi  

● Caaqil Cali Axmed Weyrax 

● Caaqil maxamed ismaaciil Aadan 

● Caaqil Ismaaciil Axmed Weyrax 

● Caaqil Cabdi cawl Cabdulle  

'''ODAYAASHA BEESHA''' 

● Cawil Mire Rooble 

● Maxamuud Faarax Maxamed (hurre)

● Cali Cismaan Faarax (Cali madoobe)

● Maxamed Siciid Maxamed

● Iiman Cabdi Cabdulle 

● Aw salaad 

● ismaaciil Xuseen Gabaydhe ( Baylood)

● Rashiid Faarax Maxamed 

● Rashiid Gadhoodhsade

● Maxamed ciise 

● Ibraahin Axmed Weyrax 

● Xasan Caateeye Dhunkaall 

● Goox cabdi 

● Siciid Maxamed Aadan 

'''DHALINYARADA BEESHA'''

● Axmed Aadan 《GANACSADE 》

● Yaasiin Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》

● Maxamed Faarax Darawal 《GANACSADE》

● Saleeban Cabdullahi Cawed 《DR 》

●Mukhtaar Maxamed Saalax 《ENGINEER 》

● Maxamed Faarax Cali 《DR 》

● Axmed Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》

● Nuux Hadhweyne 《ENGINEER 》 

● Cabdisalaan Jaamac Ciise 《DR 》

● Cawil Aadan Axmed 《GANACSADE 》

● C/raxmaan xusen Aadan 

● Maxamuud cilmi</text>
      <sha1>ppvw8qjj16jjkxr9y6f8lmskw0isnyr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maki Xaaji Banaadir</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>49293</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305179</id>
      <parentid>302361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T03:22:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>75</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Maki_Haji_Banaadir_2026.jpg|Maki_Haji_Banaadir_2026.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No ticket permission since 14 July 2026.</comment>
      <origin>305179</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3738" sha1="pjkqu00vkgftjyurwazsffitdhj7oup" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| magaca = Maki Xaaji Banaadir
| image =
}}

 '''Magaca:''' Maki Xaaji Banaadir
 '''Dhashay:''' 1958
 '''Goobta dhalashada:''' Jilib Marka, Shabeellaha Hoose, Soomaaliya
 '''Jinsiyad:''' Soomaali
 '''Luqadaha:''' Af-Soomaali
 '''Shaqooyinka:''' Abwaan, Jilaa, Majaajiliiste, Heesaa iyo Dawaarle


'''Maki Xaaji Banaadir''' (dhashay '''1958''') waa '''abwaan, jilaa, majaajiliiste iyo heesaa Soomaaliyeed'''. Waxa uu ka mid yahay hal-abuurayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee muddada dheer ku soo jiray fanka iyo suugaanta Soomaaliyeed. Waxa uu caan ku yahay gabayada, majaajillada, riwaayadaha iyo bandhigyada dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed.

== Noloshii hore ==

Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ku dhashay sanadkii '''1958''' deegaanka '''Jilib Marka''' ee gobolka '''Shabeellaha Hoose''' ee Soomaaliya.

Waxa uu xiisayn jiray suugaanta iyo fanka tan iyo yaraantiisii, isagoo si joogto ah uga dhex muuqday goobaha dhaqanka iyo hal-abuurka Soomaaliyeed. Hibadiisa suugaaneed ayaa u sahashay inuu noqdo mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta muddada dheer ku soo jiray fanka Soomaaliyeed.

== Fanka iyo suugaanta ==

Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ku soo jiray fanka Soomaaliyeed muddo ka badan afartan sano. Waxa uu caan ku yahay curinta iyo tirinta gabayada, majaajillada, heesaha iyo bandhigyada suugaaneed ee lagu soo bandhigay gudaha Soomaaliya iyo dibaddaba.

Suugaantiisu waxa ay inta badan ka hadashaa arrimaha bulshada, nabadda, hiddaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, wadajirka bulshada iyo wacyigelinta. Waxa uu door muuqda ka qaatay ilaalinta iyo kobcinta afka iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed isagoo adeegsanaya fanka iyo suugaanta.

Waxa kale oo uu ka qayb galay munaasabado dhaqameed iyo bandhigyo faneed oo lagu qabtay Soomaaliya iyo dalal kale oo ay Soomaalidu ku nool yihiin.
Qaar badan oo ka mid ah gabayadiisa iyo bandhigyadiisa ayaa laga heli karaa warbaahinta iyo baraha internetka, kuwaas oo si weyn looga daawado loogana dhegeysto.

== Dhaxalka ==

Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ka mid yahay hal-abuurayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee saamaynta muuqata ku leh suugaanta iyo fanka Soomaaliyeed. Waxa lagu ammaanaa kaalinta uu ka qaatay ilaalinta hidaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, kobcinta afka Soomaaliga iyo gudbinta suugaanta jiilalka dambe.

Waxa uu weli ka mid yahay fanaaniinta Soomaaliyeed ee bulshada dhexdeeda ku leh qadarin iyo maamuus, waxaana loo aqoonsadaa inuu yahay hal-abuur muddo dheer u adeegayay dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed.

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
|url=https://www.voasomali.com/a/7679113.html
|title=Wareysi: Abwaan Maki Xaaji Banaadir oo la hadlay VOA
|website=VOA Somali
|publisher=Voice of America
|date=1 Luulyo 2024
|language=so
|access-date=14 Luulyo 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-59264189
|title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir
|website=BBC Somali
|publisher=BBC
|language=so
|access-date=14 Luulyo 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
|url=https://somaliswiss.wordpress.com/2012/04/21/maki-xaaji-banaadir-sheikh-sheekadaan-waa-ku-daalnay-nama-anfaceyso/
|title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir: &quot;Sheekh, sheekadaan waa ku daalnay, nama anfacayso&quot;
|website=SomaliSwiss
|date=21 Abriil 2012
|language=so
|access-date=14 Luulyo 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_8yv34jCcc
|title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir
|website=YouTube
|language=so
|access-date=14 Luulyo 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=618zA1OTXs0
|title=Wareysi Maki Xaaji Banaadir
|website=YouTube
|language=so
|access-date=14 Luulyo 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
|url=https://mogtimes.com/articles/48257/Maki-Waa-kuma-heesaaga-iyo-Majaajilaystaha-muadanka-ah
|title=Maki: Waa kuma heesaaga iyo majaajiliistaha muwaadinka ah?
|website=MogTimes
|language=so
|access-date=14 Luulyo 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pjkqu00vkgftjyurwazsffitdhj7oup</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Title country</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50783</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305103</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:10:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305103</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="120" sha1="tajsilwury125zaogojt66wh90xulld" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;Find country|1={{PAGENAME}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tajsilwury125zaogojt66wh90xulld</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Title monthname</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50784</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305104</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:11:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: --[[ v1.00      Split the page title into words then test each of them against      the list of months.      Optionally, an alternative page name may be supplied as a parameter.      Return the first word which matches a months name ...      unless the &quot;match=&quot; parameter specifies a diffreent match.      If there is no match, then return an empty string ... unles      the &quot;nomatch&quot; parameter specifies something different ]]  local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs loc...</comment>
      <origin>305104</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3543" sha1="sfm7p6lz6y7k0bks3xiaccv6xgssuic" xml:space="preserve">--[[ v1.00
     Split the page title into words then test each of them against
     the list of months.
     Optionally, an alternative page name may be supplied as a parameter.
     Return the first word which matches a months name ...
     unless the &quot;match=&quot; parameter specifies a diffreent match.
     If there is no match, then return an empty string ... unles
     the &quot;nomatch&quot; parameter specifies something different
]]

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local p = {}

-- config
local nomatch = &quot;&quot;
local matchnum = 1

local monthList = {
	'January',
	'February',
	'March',
	'April',
	'May',
	'June',
	'July',
	'August',
	'September',
	'October',
	'November',
	'December'
}

-- splits a string into &quot;words&quot;
-- a &quot;word&quot; is a set of characters delineated at each end by one 
--    or more whitespace characters or punctaution charaters
function splitIntoWords(str)
	result = {}
	index = 1
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(str, &quot;^[%s%p]+&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- strip leading whitespace or punctuation
	for s2 in mw.ustring.gmatch(s, &quot;[^%s%p]+[%s%p]*&quot;) do
		s3 = mw.ustring.gsub(s2, &quot;[%s%p]+$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- strip trailing separators
		result[index] = s3
		index = index + 1
	end
return result
end

-- returns the first word is the pagename which matches the name of a month
-- ... or an empty string if there is no match
function checkPagename(pn)
	-- split the pagename into sparate words
	titleWords = splitIntoWords(pn)
	
	nMatches = 0
	myMatches ={}
	
	-- check each words in turn, to see if it matches a month
	for w, thisWord in ipairs(titleWords) do
		-- check agaist each month
		-- if there is a match, then return that monthname
		for i, thisMonth in ipairs(monthList) do
			if (thisMonth == thisWord) then
				nMatches = nMatches + 1
				myMatches[nMatches] = thisMonth
			end
		end
	end

	if (nMatches == 0) then
		-- none of the title words matches a whole month
		return nomatch
	end
	
	if ((matchnum &gt;= 1) and (matchnum &lt;= nMatches)) then
		return myMatches[matchnum]
	end

	if (matchnum &lt; 0) then
		matchnum = matchnum + 1 -- so that -1 is the last match etc
		if ((matchnum + nMatches) &gt;= 1) then
			return myMatches[matchnum + nMatches]
		end
	end
	
	-- if we get here, we have not found a match at the position specified by &quot;matchnum&quot;
	return nomatch
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	return p._main(args)
end

function p._main(args)
	if (args['nomatch'] ~= nil) then
		nomatch = args['nomatch']
	end
	
	-- by default, we return the first match
	-- but the optional &quot;C&quot; paarmeter sets the &quot;matchnum&quot; variable, which
	-- * for a positive matchnum &quot;n&quot;, returns the nth match if it exists
	-- * for a positive matchnum &quot;n&quot;, returns (if it exists) the nth match
	--   counting backwards from the end.
	--   So &quot;match=-1&quot; returns the last match
	--   and &quot;match=-3&quot; returns the 3rd-last match
	if (args['match'] ~= nil) then
		matchnum = tonumber(args['match'])
		if ((matchnum == nil) or (matchnum == 0)) then
			matchnum = 1
		end
	end
	
	-- by default, we use the current page
	-- but if the &quot;page=&quot; parameters is supplied, we use that
	-- so we try the parameter first
	thispagename = nil
	if ((args['page'] ~= nil) and (args['page'] ~= &quot;&quot;)) then
		-- we have a non-empty &quot;page&quot; parameter, so we use it
		thispagename = args['page']
	else
		-- get the page title
		thispage = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
		thispagename = thispage.text;
	end
	
	-- now check the pagename to try to find a month ananme
	result = checkPagename(thispagename)
	if (result == &quot;&quot;) then
		return nomatch
	end
	return result
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>sfm7p6lz6y7k0bks3xiaccv6xgssuic</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305105</id>
      <parentid>305104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:12:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305105</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3544" sha1="ninnru0t1vwkgpb7z8g0s9n9g5a2e49" xml:space="preserve">--[[ v1.00
     Split the page title into words then test each of them against
     the list of months.
     Optionally, an alternative page name may be supplied as a parameter.
     Return the first word which matches a months name ...
     unless the &quot;match=&quot; parameter specifies a diffreent match.
     If there is no match, then return an empty string ... unles
     the &quot;nomatch&quot; parameter specifies something different
]]

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local p = {}

-- config
local nomatch = &quot;&quot;
local matchnum = 1

local monthList = {
	'Jannaayo',
'Febraayo',
'Maarso',
'Abriil',
'Maayo',
'Juun',
'Luulyo',
'Ogoosto',
'Sebteembar',
'Oktoobar',
'Nofeembar',
'Diseembar'
}

-- splits a string into &quot;words&quot;
-- a &quot;word&quot; is a set of characters delineated at each end by one 
--    or more whitespace characters or punctaution charaters
function splitIntoWords(str)
	result = {}
	index = 1
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(str, &quot;^[%s%p]+&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- strip leading whitespace or punctuation
	for s2 in mw.ustring.gmatch(s, &quot;[^%s%p]+[%s%p]*&quot;) do
		s3 = mw.ustring.gsub(s2, &quot;[%s%p]+$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- strip trailing separators
		result[index] = s3
		index = index + 1
	end
return result
end

-- returns the first word is the pagename which matches the name of a month
-- ... or an empty string if there is no match
function checkPagename(pn)
	-- split the pagename into sparate words
	titleWords = splitIntoWords(pn)
	
	nMatches = 0
	myMatches ={}
	
	-- check each words in turn, to see if it matches a month
	for w, thisWord in ipairs(titleWords) do
		-- check agaist each month
		-- if there is a match, then return that monthname
		for i, thisMonth in ipairs(monthList) do
			if (thisMonth == thisWord) then
				nMatches = nMatches + 1
				myMatches[nMatches] = thisMonth
			end
		end
	end

	if (nMatches == 0) then
		-- none of the title words matches a whole month
		return nomatch
	end
	
	if ((matchnum &gt;= 1) and (matchnum &lt;= nMatches)) then
		return myMatches[matchnum]
	end

	if (matchnum &lt; 0) then
		matchnum = matchnum + 1 -- so that -1 is the last match etc
		if ((matchnum + nMatches) &gt;= 1) then
			return myMatches[matchnum + nMatches]
		end
	end
	
	-- if we get here, we have not found a match at the position specified by &quot;matchnum&quot;
	return nomatch
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	return p._main(args)
end

function p._main(args)
	if (args['nomatch'] ~= nil) then
		nomatch = args['nomatch']
	end
	
	-- by default, we return the first match
	-- but the optional &quot;C&quot; paarmeter sets the &quot;matchnum&quot; variable, which
	-- * for a positive matchnum &quot;n&quot;, returns the nth match if it exists
	-- * for a positive matchnum &quot;n&quot;, returns (if it exists) the nth match
	--   counting backwards from the end.
	--   So &quot;match=-1&quot; returns the last match
	--   and &quot;match=-3&quot; returns the 3rd-last match
	if (args['match'] ~= nil) then
		matchnum = tonumber(args['match'])
		if ((matchnum == nil) or (matchnum == 0)) then
			matchnum = 1
		end
	end
	
	-- by default, we use the current page
	-- but if the &quot;page=&quot; parameters is supplied, we use that
	-- so we try the parameter first
	thispagename = nil
	if ((args['page'] ~= nil) and (args['page'] ~= &quot;&quot;)) then
		-- we have a non-empty &quot;page&quot; parameter, so we use it
		thispagename = args['page']
	else
		-- get the page title
		thispage = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
		thispagename = thispage.text;
	end
	
	-- now check the pagename to try to find a month ananme
	result = checkPagename(thispagename)
	if (result == &quot;&quot;) then
		return nomatch
	end
	return result
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>ninnru0t1vwkgpb7z8g0s9n9g5a2e49</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305106</id>
      <parentid>305105</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:13:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305106</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3544" sha1="cn8n4jgfd8lte6mztskf252vx6brmfi" xml:space="preserve">--[[ v1.00
     Split the page title into words then test each of them against
     the list of months.
     Optionally, an alternative page name may be supplied as a parameter.
     Return the first word which matches a months name ...
     unless the &quot;match=&quot; parameter specifies a diffreent match.
     If there is no match, then return an empty string ... unles
     the &quot;nomatch&quot; parameter specifies something different
]]

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local p = {}

-- config
local nomatch = &quot;&quot;
local matchnum = 1

local monthList = {
	'Jannaayo',
'Febraayo',
'Maarso',
'Abriil',
'Maajo',
'Juun',
'Luulyo',
'Ogoosto',
'Sebteembar',
'Oktoobar',
'Nofeembar',
'Diseembar'
}

-- splits a string into &quot;words&quot;
-- a &quot;word&quot; is a set of characters delineated at each end by one 
--    or more whitespace characters or punctaution charaters
function splitIntoWords(str)
	result = {}
	index = 1
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(str, &quot;^[%s%p]+&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- strip leading whitespace or punctuation
	for s2 in mw.ustring.gmatch(s, &quot;[^%s%p]+[%s%p]*&quot;) do
		s3 = mw.ustring.gsub(s2, &quot;[%s%p]+$&quot;, &quot;&quot;) -- strip trailing separators
		result[index] = s3
		index = index + 1
	end
return result
end

-- returns the first word is the pagename which matches the name of a month
-- ... or an empty string if there is no match
function checkPagename(pn)
	-- split the pagename into sparate words
	titleWords = splitIntoWords(pn)
	
	nMatches = 0
	myMatches ={}
	
	-- check each words in turn, to see if it matches a month
	for w, thisWord in ipairs(titleWords) do
		-- check agaist each month
		-- if there is a match, then return that monthname
		for i, thisMonth in ipairs(monthList) do
			if (thisMonth == thisWord) then
				nMatches = nMatches + 1
				myMatches[nMatches] = thisMonth
			end
		end
	end

	if (nMatches == 0) then
		-- none of the title words matches a whole month
		return nomatch
	end
	
	if ((matchnum &gt;= 1) and (matchnum &lt;= nMatches)) then
		return myMatches[matchnum]
	end

	if (matchnum &lt; 0) then
		matchnum = matchnum + 1 -- so that -1 is the last match etc
		if ((matchnum + nMatches) &gt;= 1) then
			return myMatches[matchnum + nMatches]
		end
	end
	
	-- if we get here, we have not found a match at the position specified by &quot;matchnum&quot;
	return nomatch
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	return p._main(args)
end

function p._main(args)
	if (args['nomatch'] ~= nil) then
		nomatch = args['nomatch']
	end
	
	-- by default, we return the first match
	-- but the optional &quot;C&quot; paarmeter sets the &quot;matchnum&quot; variable, which
	-- * for a positive matchnum &quot;n&quot;, returns the nth match if it exists
	-- * for a positive matchnum &quot;n&quot;, returns (if it exists) the nth match
	--   counting backwards from the end.
	--   So &quot;match=-1&quot; returns the last match
	--   and &quot;match=-3&quot; returns the 3rd-last match
	if (args['match'] ~= nil) then
		matchnum = tonumber(args['match'])
		if ((matchnum == nil) or (matchnum == 0)) then
			matchnum = 1
		end
	end
	
	-- by default, we use the current page
	-- but if the &quot;page=&quot; parameters is supplied, we use that
	-- so we try the parameter first
	thispagename = nil
	if ((args['page'] ~= nil) and (args['page'] ~= &quot;&quot;)) then
		-- we have a non-empty &quot;page&quot; parameter, so we use it
		thispagename = args['page']
	else
		-- get the page title
		thispage = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
		thispagename = thispage.text;
	end
	
	-- now check the pagename to try to find a month ananme
	result = checkPagename(thispagename)
	if (result == &quot;&quot;) then
		return nomatch
	end
	return result
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>cn8n4jgfd8lte6mztskf252vx6brmfi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Title monthname</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50785</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305107</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:14:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305107</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="198" sha1="951ti0pd8wcaujmf9u60xr8nwjjw4nn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#invoke:Title monthname|main|page={{{page|}}}|match={{{match|}}}|nomatch={{{nomatch|}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>951ti0pd8wcaujmf9u60xr8nwjjw4nn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Certification Table Entry</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50786</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305108</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:15:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305108</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5952" sha1="flgu3qw1onr5dmpy3145el7iqmxnz78" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check
|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using certification Table Entry with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
|preview=Page using [[Template:Certification Table Entry]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|showblankpositional=1| access-date | accessdate | artist | award | best | certday | certmonth | certweek | certref | certyear | date | digital | discount | domestic | format | id | multidisc | nocat | nocert | nosales | note | number | number2 | number3 | preloaded | refname | region | relday | relmonth | relyear | salesamount | salesref | source | Spanish | title | type | streamsonly |position |footnote | archiveurl | archive-url | archivedate | archive-date}}
&lt;includeonly&gt;! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{#switch:{{{region|}}}|Argentina|Australia|Austria|Belgium|Brazil|Canada|Central America|Denmark|Europe|Finland|France|GCC|Germany|Greece|Hong Kong|Hungary|Ireland|Italy|Japan|Mexico|Netherlands|New Zealand|Nigeria|Norway|Philippines|Poland|Portugal|Russia|Singapore|South Korea|South Africa|Spain|Sweden|Switzerland|Taiwan|Turkey|United Kingdom|United States|Uruguay={{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{main other|[[Category:Certification Table Entry usages for {{{region}}}]]}}}}|#default={{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{main other|[[Category:Certification Table Entry usages for unsupported region|{{delink|{{{region}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{certref|}}}{{{salesref|}}}||{{main other|[[Category:Certification Table Entry usages for unsupported region without source|{{delink|{{{region}}}}}]]}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{nocert|}}}
  |{{{region}}}
  |{{Certification Table Entry/Region|region={{{region|}}}|format={{{format|}}}}}{{#if:{{{certref|}}}|{{{certref}}}|{{Certification Cite Ref|fromtable=true|refname={{{refname|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|certmonth={{{certmonth|}}}|certweek={{{certweek|}}}|position={{{position|}}}|region={{{region|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|source={{{source|}}}|best={{{best|}}}|Spanish={{{Spanish|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}|streaming={{{streamsonly|}}}|date={{{date|}}}|access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}|archiveurl={{{archiveurl|{{{archive-url|}}}}}}|archivedate={{{archivedate|{{{archive-date|}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{note|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' {{{note}}} ''&lt;/small&gt;}}
{{!}} {{#if:{{{nocert|}}}|{{sdash}}{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{main other|[[Category:Pages using certification Table Entry without certification]]}}}}|{{#switch:{{{region|}}}|Mexico|Colombia={{Certification Table Entry/MexicanAward|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|}}}|number2={{{number2|}}}|number3={{{number3|}}}}}|#default={{#if:{{{number|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{number}}}|1||{{{number}}}×}}|}} {{{award}}}{{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Silver|Gold|Platinum|Diamond|Million|Billion|Platinum+Gold|Diamond+Gold|Diamond+Platinum|Diamond+Platinum+Gold=|#default={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Certification Table Entry with unsupported award]]}}}}{{#switch:{{{type|}}}|album|single|video|jazz|compilation|videosingle|ringtone|EP|=|#default={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Certification Table Entry with unsupported type]]}}}} {{#if:{{{Spanish|}}}|([[RIAA certification#{{#switch:{{{type}}}|album=Latin|single=Singles}}|Latin]])}}}}}}
{{#switch:{{{format|}}}|2col|2colthin=|#default={{!}} {{#if:{{{nosales|}}}
  |&amp;nbsp;{{main other|[[Category:Pages using certification Table Entry without sales|{{delink|{{{region}}}}}]]}}
  |{{#if:{{{salesamount|}}}
    |{{{salesamount}}}{{#if:{{{salesref|}}}||{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{region}}}|Finland||[[Category:Certification Table Entry usages of salesamount without salesref|{{delink|{{{region}}}}}]]}}}}}}
    |{{Certification Table Entry/Sales|type={{{type|}}}|region={{{region|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|1}}}|number2={{{number2|1}}}|number3={{{number3|1}}}|year={{{relyear|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{relmonth|}}}|certmonth={{{certmonth|}}}|certweek={{{certweek|}}}|certday={{{certday|}}}|day={{{relday|}}}|discount={{{discount|}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}|multidisc={{{multidisc|1}}}|Spanish={{{Spanish|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}|streamsonly={{{streamsonly|}}}|streaming={{{streamsonly|}}}|preloaded={{{preloaded|}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales|type={{{type|}}}|region={{{region|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|1}}}|number2={{{number2|1}}}|number3={{{number3|1}}}|year={{{relyear|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{relmonth|}}}|certmonth={{{certmonth|}}}|certweek={{{certweek|}}}|certday={{{certday|}}}|day={{{relday|}}}|discount={{{discount|}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}|multidisc={{{multidisc|1}}}|Spanish={{{Spanish|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}|streamsonly={{{streamsonly|}}}|streaming={{{streamsonly|}}}|preloaded={{{preloaded|}}}}}|0|{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{main other|[[Category:Pages using Certification Table Entry-Sales with missing information]]}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{salesref|}}}|{{{salesref}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{region|}}}|Finland|{{Certification Cite Ref|fromtable=true|refname={{{refname|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|certmonth={{{certmonth|}}}|region={{{region|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|source={{{source|}}}|best={{{best|}}}|Spanish={{{Spanish|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}|streaming={{{streamsonly|}}}|date={{{date|}}}|access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}|archiveurl={{{archiveurl|{{{archive-url}}}}}}|archivedate={{{archivedate|{{{archive-date}}}}}}}}|{{Certification Table Entry/Foot|footnote={{{footnote|}}}|region={{{region}}}|type={{{type|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|certmonth={{{certmonth|}}}|certday={{{certday|}}}|Spanish={{{Spanish|}}}|relyear={{{relyear|}}}|relmonth={{{relmonth|}}}|relday={{{relday|}}}||streamsonly={{{streamsonly|}}}}}}}}}}}}}
{{!}}-&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}&lt;!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage &amp; add interwikis to Wikidata --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>flgu3qw1onr5dmpy3145el7iqmxnz78</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite certification/Title</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50787</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305109</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:15:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305109</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="251" sha1="24evwmny66raa8e2c0k3r9ta1wkufu1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{region|}}} {{#if:{{{digital|}}}|digital}} {{{type|}}} {{#if:{{{streaming|}}}|streaming}} certifications {{#if:{{{artist|}}}|– {{{artist}}}}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|– {{{title}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>24evwmny66raa8e2c0k3r9ta1wkufu1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite certification</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50788</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305110</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:16:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305110</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38880" sha1="kug4wuvquibmze3y53kyk2772b4e3ha" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check
|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using cite certification with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
|preview=Page using [[Template:cite certification]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|showblankpositional=1| access-date | accessdate | artist | award | best | certmonth | certweek | certyear | date | digital | domestic | id | number | ref | region | source | Spanish | title | type | streaming |position | archiveurl | archive-url | archivedate | archive-date}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch:{{{region|}}}
|Argentina={{#if:{{{title|}}}{{{artist|}}}|{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Argentinian|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;AT LEAST ONE OF artist or title MUST BE PROVIDED for ARGENTINIAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Australia={{#switch:{{{source}}}
  |book={{#if:{{{id|}}}
    |{{cite Ryan|page ={{{id}}}|ref={{{ref|}}}}}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;THE FIELD id (page) MUST BE PROVIDED for AUSTRALIA CERTIFICATION from book.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  |yearchart={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} 
    |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} &lt; 1988 &lt;!-- ARIA website does not archive year charts prior to 1988 --&gt;
      |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certyear for AUSTRALIAN CERTIFICATION from year chars  must be 1988 or larger&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      |{{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Australia|certyear={{{certyear}}}|type={{{type}}}|source=yearchart}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        |title=ARIA Top {{#switch:{{{type}}} |album|single={{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} &lt;= 1997|50|100}}|video=50}} {{#switch:{{{type}}} |album=Albums |single=Singles|video=Music DVD}} for {{{certyear}}}
        |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        }} {{#ifeq:{{{certyear}}}|1992|Set year to 1992.}}
      }}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO certyear WAS PROVIDED for AUSTRALIAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  |{{#if:{{{id|}}}
    |{{#invoke:cite|web
      |ref={{{ref|}}}
      |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Australia|id={{{id}}}|type={{{type|}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}}}
      |title=ARIA Top {{#ifeq:{{{domestic}}}|true|20 Australian|50}} {{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|single|Singles|Albums}} for week of {{date|{{{id}}}}}
      |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]
      |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
      |date={{date|{{{id}}}}}
      }}
    |{{#if:{{{certyear|}}} 
      |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} &lt; 1990 &lt;!-- ARIA website does not list single and albums award certifications prior to 1997 --&gt;
        |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certyear for AUSTRALIAN CERTIFICATION for albums/singles must be 1990 or larger&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
        |{{#invoke:cite|web
          |ref={{{ref|}}}
          |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Australia|certyear={{{certyear}}}|type={{{type}}}}}
          |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – {{{certyear|}}} {{#switch:{{{type}}} |album=Albums |single=Singles| video=DVDs}}
          |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]
          |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
          |date={{{date|}}}
          }}
        }}
      |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO certyear OR id WAS PROVIDED for AUSTRALIAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}  
      }}
    }}
  }}
|Austria={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Austrian|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]] Austria
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |language=German
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}} 
|Belgium={{#if: {{{certyear|}}} | {{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |title=Ultratop − Goud en Platina – {{#if:{{{type|}}}|{{{type}}}s&amp;nbsp;}}{{{certyear}}}
  |publisher=[[Ultratop]]. Hung Medien
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |archive-url={{Cite certification/archiveurl|region=Belgium|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |archive-date={{Cite certification/archivedate|region=Belgium|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO certyear WAS PROVIDED for BELGIAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Brazil={{#if:{{{artist|}}}|{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Brazilian|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[Pro-Música Brasil]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Portuguese
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO artist WAS PROVIDED for BRAZILIAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Canada={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Canada|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|certmonth={{{certmonth|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Canadian|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[Music Canada]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}
|Central America={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Central America}}
  |title=Certificaciones
  |publisher=[[Certificación Fonográfica Centroamericana]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Spanish
}}
|Denmark={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|source={{{source|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Danish|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[IFPI Danmark]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}} {{#ifeq:source|chart||{{#if:{{{id|}}}||Scroll through the page-list below {{#if:{{{certyear|}}}|until year {{{certyear}}}}} to obtain certification.}}}}
|Europe={{#if: {{{certyear|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} &lt; 2015 | {{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title=IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – {{{certyear}}}
  |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certyear for EUROPEAN CERTIFICATION MUST BE BELOW 2015.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO certyear WAS PROVIDED for EUROPEAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Finland={{#if:{{{artist|}}}|{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}}}
  |title=Kulta- ja platinalevyt - {{{artist}}}
  |publisher=[[Musiikkituottajat|Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Finnish
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO artist WAS PROVIDED for Finland CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|France={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|source={{{source|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=French|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher={{#ifeq:{{{source|}}}|infodisc|InfoDisc|[[SNEP]]}}
  |archive-url={{Cite certification/archiveurl|region=France|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|source={{{source|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|}}}}}
  |archive-date={{Cite certification/archivedate|region=France|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|source={{{source|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|}}}}}  
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=French
}} {{#ifeq:{{{source|}}}|infodisc|{{#if:{{{artist|}}}|''Select ''{{uc:{{{artist}}}}}'' and click ''OK''.{{nbsp}}''}}}}
|GCC={{#if: {{{certyear|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} &lt; 2012 |{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title=IFPI Middle East Awards – {{{certyear}}}
  |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]] Middle East
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certyear for GCC CERTIFICATION MUST BE BELOW 2012.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO certyear WAS PROVIDED for GCC CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Germany={{#if:{{{title|}}}{{{artist|}}}|{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|best={{{best|}}}}}
  |title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank {{#if: {{{artist|}}}{{{title|}}}
     | ({{#if: {{{title|}}}
        |{{#if: {{{artist|}}}|{{{artist|}}};&amp;nbsp;|}}{{'}}{{{title}}}{{'}}
        |{{{artist|}}}   }})    }}
  |publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=German
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;AT LEAST ONE OF artist or title MUST BE PROVIDED for GERMAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Greece={{#if:{{{id|}}}
  |{{#invoke:cite|web
    |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}}}
    |title={{#if:{{{certyear|}}}
      |{{#ifexpr: {{{certyear}}} &gt;= 2021 &lt;!-- Only singles supported--&gt;
        |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic}}}|true
          |IFPI Charts – Digital Singles Chart (Local) {{#if:{{{certweek|}}}|– Εβδομάδα: {{{certweek}}}/{{{certyear}}}}}
          |IFPI Charts – Digital Singles Chart (International) {{#if:{{{certweek|}}}|– Εβδομάδα: {{{certweek}}}/{{{certyear}}}}}
          }}
        |Ελληνικό Chart – {{#switch:{{{type}}}
          |album={{#ifexpr: {{{certyear}}} &lt; 2011
            |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true
              |Top 50 Ελληνικών Άλμπουμ
              |Top 50 Ξένων Aλμπουμ
              }}
            |Top-75 Albums Sales Chart
            }}
          |single=Top 50 Singles
          |video=Top 20 DVD/Video
          }} {{#if:{{{certweek|}}}|– Εβδομάδα: {{{certweek}}}/{{{certyear}}}}}
        }}
      |Ελληνικό Chart – {{#switch:{{{type}}}|album=Top 50 Ξένων Aλμπουμ|single=Top 50 Singles|video=Top 20 DVD/Video}}
      }}
    |publisher=[[IFPI Greece]]
    |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
    |date={{{date|}}}
    |ref={{{ref|}}}
    |language=Greek
    }}
  |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;id MUST BE PROVIDED for Greek CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Hong Kong={{#if: {{{certyear|}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} &lt; 2009 |{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title=IFPIHK Gold Disc Award − {{{certyear}}}
  |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]] Hong Kong
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certyear for Hong Kong CERTIFICATION MUST BE BELOW 2009.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO certyear WAS PROVIDED for Hong Kong CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Hungary={{#if: {{{certyear|}}} |{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title=Adatbázis – Arany- és platinalemezek – {{{certyear}}}
  |publisher=[[Association of Hungarian Record Companies|MAHASZ]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Hungarian
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO certyear WAS PROVIDED for HUNGARIAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Ireland={{#if:{{{award|}}}|{{#if: {{{certyear|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} &lt; 2014 |{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|number={{{number|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title=The Irish Charts - {{{certyear}}} Certification Awards - {{#ifeq:{{{award|}}}|Gold|Gold|{{#if:{{{number|}}}|Multi Platinum|Platinum}}}}
  |publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certyear for Ireland CERTIFICATION MUST BE BELOW 2014.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO certyear WAS PROVIDED for Ireland CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO award WAS PROVIDED for Ireland CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Italy={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|id={{{id|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Italian|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Italian
}}
|Japan={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}|streaming={{{streaming|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Japanese|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}|streaming={{{streaming|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Japanese
}} {{#if:{{{certyear|}}}|{{#if:{{{certmonth|}}}|''Select'' {{{certyear}}}年{{{certmonth}}}月 ''on the drop-down menu''}}}}
|Mexico={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}}}
  |title=Certificaciones
  |publisher=[[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Spanish
}} {{#if:{{{artist|}}}|''Type ''{{{artist}}}'' in the box under the ''ARTISTA'' column heading{{#if:{{{title|}}}|&amp;nbsp;and ''{{{title}}}'' in the box under the ''TÍTULO'' column heading}}''.|{{#if:{{{title|}}}|''Type ''{{{title}}}'' in the box under the ''TÍTULO'' column heading.''}}}}
|Netherlands={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Dutch|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[NVPI|Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Dutch
}} {{#if:{{{artist|}}}{{{title|}}}|{{#if:{{{title|}}}|''Enter ''{{{title}}} '' in the &quot;Artiest of titel&quot; box.''|''Enter ''{{{artist}}}'' in the &quot;Artiest of titel&quot; box.''}}}}{{#if:{{{certyear|}}}|&amp;nbsp;''Select'' {{{certyear}}} ''in the drop-down menu saying &quot;Alle jaargangen&quot;''.}}
|New Zealand={{#switch:{{{source|}}}
  |book={{cite Scapolo|page ={{{id|}}}}}
  |archive={{#invoke:cite|web
    |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=New Zealand|source=archive|type={{{type|}}}}}
    |title=Latest Gold / Platinum {{#switch:{{{type|}}}|single=Singles|album=Albums|video=DVDs}}
    |archive-url={{Cite certification/archiveurl|region=New Zealand|source=archive|type={{{type|}}}}}
    |archive-date={{Cite certification/archivedate|region=New Zealand|source=archive|type={{{type|}}}}}
    |publisher=Radioscope
    |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
    |date={{#switch:{{{type|}}}|single=21 August 2011|album=17 July 2011|video=3 July 2011}}
    |ref={{{ref|}}}
    }}
  |newchart={{#if:{{{type|}}}
    |{{#if:{{{id|}}}
      |{{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|source=newchart|region={{{region|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}}}
        |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=New Zealand|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
        |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        }}
      |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;THE FIELD id (chart number) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      }}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;THE FIELD type (album/single/compilation) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  |oldchart|#default={{#if:{{{type|}}}
    |{{#if:{{{id|}}}
      |{{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|source=oldchart|region={{{region|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}}}
        |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=New Zealand|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
        |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        |archive-url={{Cite certification/archiveurl|region=New Zealand|archive-url={{{archive-url|{{{archiveurl|}}}}}}|type={{{type|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|domestic={{{domestic|}}}}}
        |archive-date={{Cite certification/archivedate|region=New Zealand|archive-date={{{archive-date|{{{archivedate|}}}}}}}}
        |url-status={{#if:{{{archive-url|{{{archiveurl|}}}}}}|deviated}}
        }}{{#if:{{{archive-url|{{{archiveurl|}}}}}}||{{dead link|date=November 2024}}{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
      |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;THE FIELD id (chart number) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      }}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;THE FIELD type (album/single/compilation) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  |radioscope={{#if:{{{type|}}}
    |{{#invoke:cite|web
      |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=New Zealand|source=radioscope|type={{{type|}}}}}
      |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=New Zealand|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
      |publisher=Radioscope
      |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
      |date={{{date|}}}
      |ref={{{ref|}}}
      }} {{#if:{{{artist|}}}{{{title|}}}|''Type ''{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{{artist}}}}}'' in the &quot;Search:&quot; field and press Enter.''}}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;THE FIELD type (album/single) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  }}
|Nigeria={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Nigeria}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Nigeria}}
  |publisher=[[TurnTable]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}
|Norway={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title={{#if:{{{certyear|}}}|{{#ifexpr: {{{certyear}}} &lt; 2011|IFPI Norsk platebransje Trofeer 1993–2011|{{Cite certification/Title|region=Norwegian |artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}}}|{{Cite certification/Title|region=Norwegian |artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}}}
  |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]] Norway
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Norwegian
}}
|Philippines={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}}}
  |title=List of PARI Gold, Platinum &amp; Diamond Awardees
  |publisher=[[Philippine Association of the Record Industry]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}
|Poland={{#ifexpr: {{{certyear|2023}}}&lt;=2022 &lt;!-- Exists and &lt;=2022 --&gt;
  |{{#if:{{{type|}}}
    |{{#if:{{{award|}}}
      |{{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Poland|type={{{type|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
        |title=Wyróżnienia – {{#switch:{{{award|}}}||Gold=Złote|Platinum=Platynowe|Diamond=Diamentowe}} płyty {{#switch:{{{type|}}}|album|single=CD|video=DVD}} - Archiwum - Przyznane w {{{certyear}}} roku
        |publisher=[[Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry]]
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        |archive-url={{Cite certification/archiveurl|region=Poland|type={{{type|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
        |archive-date={{Cite certification/archivedate|region=Poland|type={{{type|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
        |language=Polish
        }}
      |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;award MUST BE PROVIDED for Polish CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      }}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;type MUST BE PROVIDED for Polish CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  |{{#if:{{{artist|}}}{{{title|}}}
    | {{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Poland}}
        |title=OLiS - oficjalna lista wyróżnień 
        |publisher=[[Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry]]
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        |language=Polish
        }} {{#if:{{{title|}}}
          |Click &quot;TYTUŁ&quot; and enter ''{{{title}}}'' in the search box.
          |Click &quot;WYKONAWCA&quot; and enter ''{{{artist}}}'' in the search box.
          }}
    | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;artist OR title MUST BE PROVIDED for Polish CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  }}
|Portugal={{#if:{{{certyear|}}}{{{id|}}}
  |{{#invoke:cite|web
    |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|source={{{source|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|id={{{id|}}}}}
    |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Portuguese|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
    |publisher=[[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa]]
    |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
    |archive-url={{Cite certification/archiveurl|id={{{id|}}}|region={{{region|}}}|archive-url={{{archive-url|{{{archiveurl|}}}}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|source={{{source|}}}}}
    |archive-date={{Cite certification/archivedate|region={{{region|}}}|archive-date={{{archive-date|{{{archivedate|}}}}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|source={{{source|}}}}}
    |date={{{date|}}}
    |ref={{{ref|}}}
    |language=Portuguese
    }}
  |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;AT LEAST ONE OF certyear OR id MUST BE PROVIDED for Portuguese CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
  }}{{#if:{{{certyear|}}}
  |{{#ifeq:{{{source|}}}|archive
    |{{#ifexpr: {{{certyear}}} &gt;= 2007 and {{{certyear}}} &lt;= 2010||&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certyear MUST BE BETWEEN 2007 and 2010 for Portuguese CERTIFICATION WITH source=archive.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
    |{{#if:{{{id|}}}
      |{{#ifexpr: {{{certyear}}} &lt; 2018|{{#if:{{{archive-url|{{{archiveurl|}}}}}}||&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;archive-url MUST BE PROVIDED for Portuguese CERTIFICATION before 2018&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}}}
      |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;id MUST BE PROVIDED for Portuguese CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      }}
    }}
  |{{#if:{{{archive-url|{{{archiveurl|}}}}}}||{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
  }}
|Russia={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Russian|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=National Federation of Phonogram Producers (NFPF)
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Russian
}}
|Singapore={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|award={{{award|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region={{{region|}}}||artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association Singapore]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}
|South Africa={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=South Africa|title={{{title|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=South Africa}}
  |publisher=[[Recording Industry of South Africa]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}
|South Korea={{#if:{{{type|}}}|{{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|streaming={{{streaming|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=South Korean|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|streaming={{{streaming|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[Circle Chart|Korea Music Content Association]] (KMCA)
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Korean
}} |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;NO type WAS PROVIDED for SOUTH KOREAN CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Spain={{#if:{{{id|}}}
  |{{#if:{{{type|}}}
    |{{#invoke:cite|web
      |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|id={{{id|}}}}}
      |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Spanish|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
      |publisher=[[Productores de Música de España]]
      |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
      |date={{{date|}}}
      |ref={{{ref|}}}
      |website=El portal de Música
      }}
    | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;type IS REQUIRED for SPANISH CERTIFICATION when id is used.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  |{{#if:{{{certweek|}}}
    |{{#if:{{{certyear|}}}
      |{{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|id={{{id|}}}}}
        |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Spanish|type={{{type|}}}|digital={{{digital|}}}|streaming={{{streaming|}}}}}
        |publisher=[[Productores de Música de España]]
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        |language=Spanish
        }} ''Select {{#switch:{{{type}}}
          |single={{#ifeq:{{{streaming}}}|true
            |Streaming
            |{{#ifexpr: {{{certyear}}} &lt; 2008
              | Singles
              | {{#ifexpr: {{{certyear}}} &gt; 2008
                | Canciones
                | {{#ifeq:{{{digital}}}|true|Canciones|Singles}}
                }}
              }}
            }}
          |ringtone=Canciones
          |album=Álbumes}} under &quot;Categoría&quot;, select ''{{{certyear}}}'' under &quot;Año&quot;. Select ''{{{certweek|}}}'' under &quot;Semana&quot;. Click on &quot;BUSCAR LISTA&quot;.''
      | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certweek AND certyear are REQUIRED for SPANISH CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      }}
    |{{#if:{{{artist|}}}{{{title|}}}
      |{{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}}}
        |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=Spanish|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
        |publisher=[[Productores de Música de España]]
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        |website=El portal de Música
        }}
      | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;artist OR title OR id AND type or certyear AND certweek ARE REQUIRED for SPANISH CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      }}
    }}
  }}
|Sweden={{#switch:{{{source}}}
  |artist={{#if:{{{artist|}}}
    |{{#invoke:cite|web
      |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Sweden|artist={{{artist}}}|source=artist}}
      |title=Sverigetopplistan – {{{artist}}}
      |publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]
      |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
      |date={{{date|}}}
      |ref={{{ref|}}}
      |language=Swedish
      }}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;artist REQUIRED FOR SWEDISH CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  |chart={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} 
    |{{#if: {{{certweek|}}}
      |{{#switch: {{{type|}}}
        |single|album={{#invoke:cite|web
                        |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Sweden|source=chart|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|certweek={{{certweek|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
                        |title=Veckolista {{#switch:{{{type|}}}|single=Singlar|album=Album}}, vecka {{{certweek|}}}, {{{certyear|}}} {{!}} Sverigetopplistan
                        |publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]
                        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
                        |date={{{date|}}}
                        |ref={{{ref|}}}
                        |language=Swedish
                      }} {{#if: {{{position|}}}|''Scroll to position {{{position}}} to view certification.''}}
        |#default=&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;UNSUPPORTED type VALUE. type MUST BE EITHER &quot;single&quot; OR &quot;album&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
        }}
      |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certweek IS REQUIRED FOR SWEDISH CERTIFICATIONS&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      }}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certyear IS REQUIRED FOR SWEDISH CERTIFICATIONS&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}
  |grammotex={{#if:{{{id|}}}
    |{{#invoke:cite|web
      |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Sweden|id={{{id}}}|source=grammotex}}
      |title=Grammotex – Artikeldata {{#if:{{{artist|}}}|Artist: {{{artist}}}}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|Titel: {{{title}}}}}
      |publisher=Grammotex
      |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
      |date={{{date|}}}
      |ref={{{ref|}}}
      |language=Swedish
      }}
    |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;id REQUIRED FOR SWEDISH CERTIFICATION from Grammotex.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
    }}    
  |#default={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} 
    |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear|}}} &gt; 2011
      |{{#if: {{{certweek|}}}
        |{{#switch: {{{type|}}}
          |single|album={{#invoke:cite|web
                          |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Sweden|source=chart|certyear={{{certyear|}}}|certweek={{{certweek|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
                          |title=Veckolista {{#switch:{{{type|}}}|single=Singlar|album=Album}}, vecka {{{certweek|}}}, {{{certyear|}}} {{!}} Sverigetopplistan
                          |publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]
                          |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
                          |date={{{date|}}}
                          |ref={{{ref|}}}
                          |language=Swedish
                        }} {{#if: {{{position|}}}|''Scroll to position {{{position}}} to view certification.''}}
          |#default=&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;UNSUPPORTED type VALUE. type MUST BE EITHER &quot;single&quot; OR &quot;album&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
          }}
        |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;certweek IS REQUIRED FOR SWEDISH CERTIFICATIONS.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
        }}
      |{{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Sweden|certyear={{{certyear}}}}}
        |title=Guld- och Platinacertifikat {{#ifexpr:{{{certyear|}}} &lt; 1999 | − År 1987−1998 | − År {{{certyear}}}}}
        |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI Sweden]]
        |archive-url={{Cite certification/archiveurl|region=Sweden|certyear={{{certyear}}}}}
        |archive-date={{Cite certification/archivedate|region=Sweden|certyear={{{certyear}}}}}
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        |language=Swedish
        |format=PDF
        }} {{#if: {{{position|}}}|''Scroll to position {{{position}}} to view certification.''}}
      }}
    |{{#if:{{{artist|}}}
      |{{#invoke:cite|web
        |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=Sweden|artist={{{artist}}}|source=artist}}
        |title=Sverigetopplistan – {{{artist}}}
        |publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]
        |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
        |date={{{date|}}}
        |ref={{{ref|}}}
        |language=Swedish
        }}
      |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;artist or certyear REQUIRED FOR SWEDISH CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
      }}
    }}
  }}
|Switzerland={{#if: {{{certyear|}}} {{{title|}}} {{{artist|}}}
  | {{#invoke:cite|web
    |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
    |title=The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards {{#if:{{{title|}}}
      |({{'}}{{{title}}}{{'}})
      |{{#if:{{{artist|}}}
        |({{{artist}}})
        |{{{certyear}}}
        }}
      }}
    |publisher=IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien
    |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
    |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;AT LEAST ONE OF artist, title or certyear MUST BE PROVIDED for SWISS CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Turkey={{#if: {{{certyear|}}} | {{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region}}}|certyear={{{certyear}}}}}
  |title={{{certyear}}} Mü-Yap Müzik Endüstrisi Ödülleri
  |publisher=[[Mü-Yap]]
  |archive-url={{Cite certification/archiveurl|region={{{region}}}|certyear={{{certyear}}}}}
  |archive-date={{Cite certification/archivedate|region={{{region}}}|certyear={{{certyear}}}}}
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Turkish
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;MUST LIST certyear for TURKISH CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|Taiwan={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region}}}}}
  |script-title=zh:認證紀錄
  |trans-title=Certifications Awarded
  |publisher=[[Recording Industry Foundation in Taiwan]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Chinese
}}
|United Kingdom={{#if:{{{artist|}}}{{{title|}}}
  |{{#invoke:cite|web
    |url={{Cite certification/URL|region=United Kingdom}}
    |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=British|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|award={{{award|}}}}}
    |publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]
    |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
    |date={{{date|}}}
    |ref={{{ref|}}}
    }} {{#if:{{{type|}}}|''Select ''{{{type}}}s'' in the Formats field.''&amp;nbsp;}}''Type ''{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}{{#if:{{{artist|}}}|{{nbsp}}}}}}{{#if:{{{artist|}}}|{{{artist}}}}}'' in the &quot;Search:&quot; field.''
  |&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;artist OR title MUST BE PROVIDED for UK CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}
  }}
|United States={{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}|Spanish={{{Spanish|}}}}}
  |title={{Cite certification/Title|region=American|artist={{{artist|}}}|title={{{title|}}}|type={{{type|}}}}}
  |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
}}
|Uruguay={{#if: {{{certyear|}}} | {{#invoke:cite|web
  |url={{Cite certification/URL|region={{{region|}}}|certyear={{{certyear|}}}}}
  |title=Premios – {{{certyear}}}
  |publisher=Cámara Uruguaya del Disco
  |access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  |date={{{date|}}}
  |ref={{{ref|}}}
  |language=Spanish
}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;MUST LIST certyear for URUGUAY CERTIFICATION.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}
|#default = &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;UNSUPPORTED OR EMPTY REGION: {{{region}}}.&lt;/span&gt;{{main other|[[Category:Cite certification used with missing parameters]]}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kug4wuvquibmze3y53kyk2772b4e3ha</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Title demonym</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50789</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305111</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:17:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305111</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="156" sha1="ibf0utaiplnws388uxrty27cbx9xs7u" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:trim|{{safesubst:Find demonym|{{safesubst:trim|{{safesubst:PAGENAME}}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ibf0utaiplnws388uxrty27cbx9xs7u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Map scale</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50790</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305114</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:23:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305114</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="458" sha1="efdlxcmedhtkjl5i3ahbmlo7g4k3gp6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Infobox dim|scale}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using map scale with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Map scale]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y| area_acre | area_ha | area_km2 | area_mi2 | dim | length_km | length_mi | population | scale | type | width_km | width_mi }}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>efdlxcmedhtkjl5i3ahbmlo7g4k3gp6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Stnlnk</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50791</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305115</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:25:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305115</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="709" sha1="r71yypt4v4jmptm7d5my7em7oqbm7b8" xml:space="preserve">{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexist:{{{1}}}_railway_station_({{{2}}})|[[{{{1}}} saldhigga tareenka ({{{2}}})|{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexist:{{{1}}}_({{{2}}})_railway_station|[[{{{1}}} ({{{2}}}) saldhigga tareenka|{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexist:{{{1}}}_({{{2}}}_station)|[[{{{1}}} ({{{2}}} station)|{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexist:{{{1}}}_station_({{{2}}})|[[{{{1}}} station ({{{2}}})|{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexist:{{{1}}}_({{{2}}})|[[{{{1}}} ({{{2}}})|{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}]]|[[{{{1}}} saldhigga tareenka, {{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}]]}}}}}}}}}}|[[{{{1}}} saldhigga tareenka|{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>r71yypt4v4jmptm7d5my7em7oqbm7b8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Catalogue of Life</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50792</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305116</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:28:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305116</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="198" sha1="k8gxcreh1dy0xd3gu3aoy4u267beqhn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Cite taxon|main|col|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!--
   PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS
--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k8gxcreh1dy0xd3gu3aoy4u267beqhn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cricinfo</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305117</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:28:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305117</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1847" sha1="pu7xbd1evwbamx94ascwblquwoy81vv" xml:space="preserve">{{#if: {{{id&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}} {{{ref|}}} {{#property:P2697}}

| [https://www.cricinfo.com/{{#if: {{{id&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
  | ci/content/player/{{{id}}}.html
  | {{#if: {{{ref|}}}
    | {{{ref}}}{{#if:{{#invoke:String|endswith|source={{{ref}}}|pattern=.html}}||.html}}
    | ci/content/player/{{#property:P2697}}.html
    }}
  }} {{#if: {{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  | &quot;
  }}{{{name&lt;includeonly&gt;|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}{{#if: {{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  | &quot;
  }}]{{#if: {{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
  | . ''[[Cricinfo]]''. Retrieved {{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}.
  | &amp;nbsp;at [[Cricinfo]]&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P2697|{{{id|{{{ref|}}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
  }}

| &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[Template:Cricinfo|Cricinfo]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125; template missing &quot;id&quot; or &quot;ref&quot; parameters and no ID in Wikidata.&lt;/span&gt;

}}&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Category:Cricinfo maintenance|1]]}}&lt;!-- Check for unnamed parameters --&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|[[Category:Cricinfo maintenance|2]]}}&lt;!-- Check for unnamed parameters --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{check-wikidata|}}}|no||{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|{{#if:{{#property:P2697}}|&lt;!-- if WD Prop exists --&gt;{{#if:{{{id|}}}{{{ref|}}}|&lt;!-- if id or ref field exists--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{id|}}}{{#invoke:String|replace|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{ref}}}|%a||plain=false}}|%p||plain=false}}|{{#property:P2697}}|&lt;!-- if id or ref field equals the WD property do nothing--&gt;|&lt;!-- if id or ref field doesn't equal the WD property add to maint cat--&gt;[[Category:Cricinfo maintenance|Diff]]}}|&lt;!-- if id and ref field doen't exist, do nothing--&gt;}}|&lt;!-- if WD Prop doesn't exist--&gt;[[Category:Cricinfo maintenance|MissingID]]}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage &amp; add interwikis to Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pu7xbd1evwbamx94ascwblquwoy81vv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Find a Grave</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50794</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305118</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:29:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305118</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1660" sha1="t5ekr8v0q8gy25i38gystv3lezjagrf" xml:space="preserve">{{#if: {{{1&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}} {{{id|}}} {{{grid|}}} {{#property:P535}}

| {{#if: {{{author|}}} {{{last|}}} {{{date|}}} {{{accessdate|{{{access-date|}}}}}}

  | {{cite web |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/{{#if: {{{1|{{{grid|{{{id|}}}}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{grid|{{{id}}}}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P535}}|sep=,}} }} |title={{#if: {{{2|{{{name|}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} |publisher=[[Find a Grave]] |work={{{work|}}} |last={{{last|{{{author|}}}}}} |first={{{first|}}} |date={{{date|}}} |access-date={{{accessdate|{{{access-date|}}}}}} |display-authors={{{display-authors|}}} |ref={{{ref|}}} }}

  | [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/{{#if: {{{1|{{{grid|{{{id&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{grid|{{{id}}}}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P535}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name&lt;includeonly&gt;|&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}]{{#if: {{{work|}}} | , {{{work}}} }} at [[Find a Grave]]

  }}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P535| {{{1|{{{grid|{{{id|}}}}}}}}} }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq: {{Yesno-yes|{{{check-wikidata|}}}}} | yes | {{Wikidata check|property=P535|value={{#invoke:String|match|s={{{1|{{{grid|{{{id|}}}}}}}}}|pattern=^%d+|ignore_errors=true}}|category=Find a Grave template with ID|namespaces=0|nocatsame=1}} }}

| &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[Template:Find a Grave|Find a Grave]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.&lt;/span&gt;{{Main other|[[Category:Find a Grave template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}}

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}&lt;!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage &amp; add interwikis to Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t5ekr8v0q8gy25i38gystv3lezjagrf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:OutputBuffer</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50795</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305119</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:30:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: return function() 	local buffer = {} 	return function(sep) 		local b = buffer 		buffer = {} 		return table.concat(b, sep) 	end, 	function(text) 		buffer[#buffer + 1] = text 	end, 	function(...) 		buffer[#buffer + 1] = string.format(...) 	end end</comment>
      <origin>305119</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="245" sha1="q99uj160az0ttaurr5k4mo7r9ep8nyi" xml:space="preserve">return function()
	local buffer = {}
	return function(sep)
		local b = buffer
		buffer = {}
		return table.concat(b, sep)
	end,
	function(text)
		buffer[#buffer + 1] = text
	end,
	function(...)
		buffer[#buffer + 1] = string.format(...)
	end
end</text>
      <sha1>q99uj160az0ttaurr5k4mo7r9ep8nyi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template link code with subst</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50796</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305120</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:34:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305120</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="901" sha1="8ldodrko6qkt4492p2xpgdmf6f5kgqy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|subst:{{{1}}}|tlsc&amp;#124;...}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{2}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{3}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{4}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{5}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{6|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{6}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{7|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{7}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{8|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{8}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{9|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{9}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{10|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{10}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{11|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{11}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{12|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{12}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{13|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{13}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{14|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{14}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{15|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{15}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{16|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{16}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{17|}}}|&amp;#124;{{{17}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{18|}}}|&amp;#124;...}}&lt;!--
--&gt;&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8ldodrko6qkt4492p2xpgdmf6f5kgqy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Annotated link</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50797</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305121</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:35:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub:  local function pipedLink(name, display) return '[[:'..name..'|'..display..']]' end  local function isEmpty(value) return value == nil or value == '' end  local function notEmpty(value) return not isEmpty(value) end  -- Unescape functionality grabbed from https://stackoverflow.com/a/14899740/1832568 local function unescape(str) 	str = string.gsub(str, '&amp;#(%d+);', string.char) 	str = string.gsub(str, '&amp;#x(%d+);', function(d) return string.char(tonumber(d, 16)) end) 	return str end...</comment>
      <origin>305121</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="9736" sha1="d8qix9udztf3za4brzuvwvdd0awcod1" xml:space="preserve">
local function pipedLink(name, display) return '[[:'..name..'|'..display..']]' end

local function isEmpty(value) return value == nil or value == '' end

local function notEmpty(value) return not isEmpty(value) end

-- Unescape functionality grabbed from https://stackoverflow.com/a/14899740/1832568
local function unescape(str)
	str = string.gsub(str, '&amp;#(%d+);', string.char)
	str = string.gsub(str, '&amp;#x(%d+);', function(d) return string.char(tonumber(d, 16)) end)
	return str
end

local function hashDelimitedList(list_string) return mw.text.gsplit(unescape(list_string), '%s*#%s*') end

local function alarmingMessage(message)
	return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#d33&quot;&gt;[[Module:Annotated link]] '..message..'.&lt;/span&gt;'..
		'[[Category:Pages displaying alarming messages about Module:Annotated link]]'
end

local function optionallyVisibleCategory(class, category)
	return '&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot; class=&quot;'..class..'&quot;&gt;'..category..
		'&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:'..category..' via Module:Annotated link]]'
end

local function handleFirstLetterCase(short_description, case)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(short_description, '^([^%d])', function(first_char)
		if case == 'upper' then
			return mw.ustring.upper(first_char)
		end
		return mw.ustring.lower(first_char) end
	)
end

local mLang = require('Module:Lang')
local function langify(args)
	local lang = args.lang
	local text = args.text
	if isEmpty(lang) or lang == 'en' then
		return text
	end
	return mLang._lang {
		lang,
		text,
		italic = args.italic,
		nocat = args.nocat,
		size = args.size,
		cat = args.cat,
		rtl = args.rtl
	}
end

local function formatResult(result, dash, description, prefix_parentheses)
	if notEmpty(description) then
		if prefix_parentheses then
			local startIdx = description:find(&quot;%(&quot;)
			if startIdx then
				 local beforeParens = description:sub(1, startIdx - 2)
				 local insideParens = description:sub(startIdx, -1)
				 return result..' '..insideParens..dash..' '..beforeParens
			end
		end
		return result..dash..' '..description
	end
	return result
end

local function annotatedLink(args)
	local name = args.name
	if isEmpty(name) then
		return alarmingMessage('requires a page name (including namespace)')
	end
	
	-- In order to handle an attempt to annotate a template link
	-- already formatted with the likes of {{tl|&lt;template name&gt;}};
	-- unescape name to make sense of braces in lua patern matching.
	name = unescape(name)
	
	if name:match('^{%b{}}$') then
		-- The possibility to extract useful data exists here: e.g. {{tl*|Template}}.
		return alarmingMessage(
			'requires only a page name (including namespace) without markup. '..
			'If an attempt is being made to annotate a link to a template, '..
			'provide only the template name with namespace e.g. &quot;Template:Example&quot;')
	end
	
	-- If a literal link was provided as name;
	-- extract the content and apply it to name and display as appropriate.
	local wikilink = mw.ustring.match(name, '^%[%[%s*:*%s*(.-)%s*%]%]$')
	if wikilink then
		local link_name, link_display = unpack(mw.text.split(wikilink, '%s*|%s*'))
		if link_name then
			name = link_name
		end
		if link_display and isEmpty(args.display) then
			args.display = link_display
		end
	end
	
	-- Prepare to concatenate.
	local result
	
	local is_template = name:match('^Template:(.+)$')
	local template_link = args.template_link
	if is_template and template_link ~= 'no' then
		result = '{{'..pipedLink(name, is_template)..'}}'
		if template_link == 'code' then
			result = '&lt;code&gt;'..result..'&lt;/code&gt;'
		end
	else
		local display = args.display
		if isEmpty(display) then
			display = name
		end
		result = langify({
			lang = args.link_lang,
			text = pipedLink(name, display),
			italic = args.link_lang_italic,
			nocat = args.link_lang_nocat,
			size = args.link_lang_size,
			cat = args.link_lang_cat,
			rtl = args.link_lang_rtl
		})
		
		if notEmpty(args.quote) then
			result = '&quot;'..result..'&quot;'
		end
		
		local abbr = args.abbr
		if notEmpty(abbr) then
			result = result..' (&lt;abbr'
			local abbr_title = args.abbr_title
			if notEmpty(abbr_title) then
				result = result..' title=&quot;'..abbr_title..'&quot;'
			end
			result = result..'&gt;'..abbr..'&lt;/abbr&gt;)'
		end
	end
	
	if isEmpty(result) then
		return alarmingMessage('could not create a link for &quot;'..name..'&quot;')
	end
	
	local aka = args.aka
	if notEmpty(aka) then
		result = result..', also known as '..langify({
			lang = args.aka_lang,
			text = aka,
			italic = args.aka_lang_italic,
			nocat = args.aka_lang_nocat,
			size = args.aka_lang_size,
			cat = args.aka_lang_cat,
			rtl = args.aka_lang_rtl
		})
	end
	
	local wedge = args.wedge
	if notEmpty(wedge) then
		result = result..', '..langify({
			lang = args.wedge_lang,
			text = wedge,
			italic = args.wedge_lang_italic,
			nocat = args.wedge_lang_nocat,
			size = args.wedge_lang_size,
			cat = args.wedge_lang_cat,
			rtl = args.wedge_lang_rtl
		})
	end
	
	-- Exclude wikidata fallback for any specified list of link titles,
	-- unless explicity instructed that it's okay.
	local not_wikidata_for_links_starting_with = args.not_wikidata_for_links_starting_with
	if isEmpty(args.wikidata) and notEmpty(not_wikidata_for_links_starting_with) then
		for only_explicit in hashDelimitedList(not_wikidata_for_links_starting_with) do
			if name:match('^'..only_explicit) then
				args.only = 'explicit'
				break
			end
		end
	end
	
	-- Get the short description from Module:GetShortDescription.
	local short_description = require('Module:GetShortDescription').main({
		none_is_valid = args.none_is_valid,
		none_is_nil = args.none_is_nil,
		lang_italic = args.desc_lang_italic,
		lang_nocat = args.desc_lang_nocat,
		lang_size = args.desc_lang_size,
		lang_cat = args.desc_lang_cat,
		lang_rtl = args.desc_lang_rtl,
		lang_no = args.desc_lang_no,
		prefer = args.prefer,
		only = args.only,
		name = name
	})
	
	local dash = args.dash
	if isEmpty(dash) then
		dash = '&amp;nbsp;–'
	end

	local fallback = args.fallback

	if isEmpty(short_description) or short_description.redlink then
		return formatResult(result, dash, fallback, args.prefix_parentheses)
	end
	
	if short_description.alarm then
		return short_description.alarm
	end
	
	local maintenance = ''
	
	if short_description.redirected then
		maintenance = optionallyVisibleCategory(
			'category-annotation-with-redirected-description',
			'Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets')
	end
	
	local fellback
	
	if short_description.wikidata then
	--	if short_description.fellback then
	--		fellback = true
	--		maintenance = maintenance..optionallyVisibleCategory(
	--			'category-wikidata-fallback-annotation',
	--			'Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback')
	--	end
	--	short_description = short_description.wikidata
		-- Filter against likely rubbish wikidata descriptions.
	--	local not_wikidata_descriptions_including = args.not_wikidata_descriptions_including
	--	if notEmpty(not_wikidata_descriptions_including) then
			-- Case insentive matching.
	--		local lower_case_short_description = short_description:lower()
	--		for exclusion in hashDelimitedList(not_wikidata_descriptions_including:lower()) do
	--			if lower_case_short_description:match(exclusion) then
					short_description = ''
	--				break
	--			end
	--		end
	--	end
		if isEmpty(short_description) then
			return formatResult(result, dash, fallback, args.prefix_parentheses)
		end
	else
		short_description = short_description.explicit
	end
	
	local lower_case_name = name:lower()
	
	if notEmpty(short_description) and not short_description:match(' ') then
		-- Filter against likely rubbish single word descriptions.
		local lower_case_short_description = short_description:lower()
		local not_single_word = args.not_single_word
		if notEmpty(not_single_word) then
			-- Case insentive matching.
			for single_word in hashDelimitedList(not_single_word:lower()) do
				if single_word == lower_case_short_description then
					short_description = ''
					break
				end
			end
		end
		if isEmpty(short_description) or lower_case_name:match(lower_case_short_description) then
			return formatResult(result, dash, fallback, args.prefix_parentheses)
		end
		if isEmpty(args.space_cat) then
			maintenance = maintenance..optionallyVisibleCategory(
				'category-spaceless-annotation',
				'Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces')
		end
	end
	
	if lower_case_name == short_description:lower() then
		if fellback then
			return formatResult(result, dash, fallback, args.prefix_parentheses)
		end
		maintenance = maintenance..optionallyVisibleCategory(
			'category-annotation-matches-name',
			'Pages displaying short descriptions matching their page name')
	end
	
-- Short descriptions on en Wikipedia should be formatted with an uppercase first letter, but
-- the typical application of this module will require the first character to be lowercase, but
-- some descriptions may start with proper names and should start with an uppercase letter even if used in an annotaion.
-- By default; this module will not affect the first letter case of descriptions retrieved by Module:GetShortDescription, but
-- the first letter case may be transformed explicitly if required.
	local desc_first_letter_case = args.desc_first_letter_case
	if desc_first_letter_case == 'upper' or desc_first_letter_case == 'lower' then
		short_description = handleFirstLetterCase(short_description, desc_first_letter_case)
	end
	
	return formatResult(result, dash, (short_description or fallback)..maintenance, args.prefix_parentheses)
end

local p = {}

function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments' ).getArgs(frame)
	if isEmpty(args) then
		return alarmingMessage('could not getArgs') -- This really would be alarming.
	end
	return annotatedLink(args)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>d8qix9udztf3za4brzuvwvdd0awcod1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Noinclude</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305122</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:37:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: local p = {} function p.noinclude(frame) 	return frame:getParent():preprocess(&quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;&quot; .. frame.args.text .. &quot;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;); end return p</comment>
      <origin>305122</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="143" sha1="46540us5h0lf6rm25j7fyb26bxvq4q9" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}
function p.noinclude(frame)
	return frame:getParent():preprocess(&quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;&quot; .. frame.args.text .. &quot;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;);
end
return p</text>
      <sha1>46540us5h0lf6rm25j7fyb26bxvq4q9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:CountryData/cacheI</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50799</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305123</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:40:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: local CountryData = require('Module:CountryData') local pages = {'Bangladesh', 'Cameroon', 'Costa_Rica', 'Ivory_Coast', 'Malta', 'Moldova', 'Nepal', 'North_Macedonia', 'Panama', 'Qatar', 'Senegal', 'Zimbabwe'} local p = {     data = {} } local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()  for _,v in ipairs(pages) do     p.data[v] = CountryData.gettable(frame, v, {}) end  return p</comment>
      <origin>305123</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="366" sha1="6eu710lnsq30ultao2r5kzgxodw4czh" xml:space="preserve">local CountryData = require('Module:CountryData')
local pages = {'Bangladesh', 'Cameroon', 'Costa_Rica', 'Ivory_Coast', 'Malta', 'Moldova', 'Nepal', 'North_Macedonia', 'Panama', 'Qatar', 'Senegal', 'Zimbabwe'}
local p = {
    data = {}
}
local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()

for _,v in ipairs(pages) do
    p.data[v] = CountryData.gettable(frame, v, {})
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>6eu710lnsq30ultao2r5kzgxodw4czh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Format link</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50800</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305126</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:43:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305126</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="390" sha1="13ngi8x95811c684j5l5vj1mf8nvff5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{nud|}}}
|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}replace|{{ #invoke:format link|formatLink }}|_| }}
|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}replace|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:urldecode|urlDecode|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:format link|formatLink }} }}|_| }}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>13ngi8x95811c684j5l5vj1mf8nvff5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Urldecode</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305127</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T12:44:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: local p = {}  function p.urlDecode( frame ) 	local enctype = frame.args[2] 	local ret = nil; 	if (frame.args[2] ~= nil) then 		enctype = mw.ustring.upper(enctype) 		if ((enctype == &quot;QUERY&quot;) or (enctype == &quot;PATH&quot;) or (enctype == &quot;WIKI&quot;)) then 			ret = mw.uri.decode(frame.args[1],frame.args[2]) 		end 	else 		ret = mw.uri.decode(frame.args[1]) 	end 	ret = string.gsub(ret, &quot;{&quot;, &quot;&amp;#x7B;&quot;) 	ret = string.gsub(ret, &quot;}&quot;, &quot;&amp;#x7D;&quot;)  	return ret end  return p</comment>
      <origin>305127</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="452" sha1="0usv3twplgs4sk2l5epjdgzrs7jz1kb" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

function p.urlDecode( frame )
	local enctype = frame.args[2]
	local ret = nil;
	if (frame.args[2] ~= nil) then
		enctype = mw.ustring.upper(enctype)
		if ((enctype == &quot;QUERY&quot;) or (enctype == &quot;PATH&quot;) or (enctype == &quot;WIKI&quot;)) then
			ret = mw.uri.decode(frame.args[1],frame.args[2])
		end
	else
		ret = mw.uri.decode(frame.args[1])
	end
	ret = string.gsub(ret, &quot;{&quot;, &quot;&amp;#x7B;&quot;)
	ret = string.gsub(ret, &quot;}&quot;, &quot;&amp;#x7D;&quot;)

	return ret
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>0usv3twplgs4sk2l5epjdgzrs7jz1kb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:RoundN</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50802</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305128</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:32:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: local p = { 	RD = { 		'Quarter-finals', 		'Semi-finals', 		'Final', 		'Third place' 	},     -- The text and background colors are paired and when you set one, you should set the other (accessibility)     textColor = {head = '#202122', '#202122', '#202122', '#202122', '#202122'}, 	bgColor = {head = '#f2f2f2', 'gold', 'silver', '#C96', '#f9f9f9'}, 	reuseStr = {}, 	saveStr = function(self, name, ...) 		if not self.reuseStr[name] then 			self.reuseStr[name] = table.concat{...} 		end...</comment>
      <origin>305128</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="28313" sha1="c2854ydi4l9vcj6j7uw6tekz8pwz50c" xml:space="preserve">local p = {
	RD = {
		'Quarter-finals',
		'Semi-finals',
		'Final',
		'Third place'
	},
    -- The text and background colors are paired and when you set one, you should set the other (accessibility)
    textColor = {head = '#202122', '#202122', '#202122', '#202122', '#202122'},
	bgColor = {head = '#f2f2f2', 'gold', 'silver', '#C96', '#f9f9f9'},
	reuseStr = {},
	saveStr = function(self, name, ...)
		if not self.reuseStr[name] then
			self.reuseStr[name] = table.concat{...}
		end
		return self.reuseStr[name]
	end
}

--Provides a convenient naming shortcut up to {{#invoke:RoundN|N512}} = {{invoke:RoundN|main|columns = 9}}
for columns = 1, 9 do
	local N = math.pow(2, columns)
	p['N' .. N] = function(frame)
		return p.main(frame.args, columns)
	end
	p['n' .. N] = p['N' .. N]--to make case insensitive
end

--saves memory and avoids errors when using a nil as a table by providing a temporary table; if using nil as false; use 'table(k)' to look up table[k]
p.nilAsTab = {
	__index = function(t, i)
		return setmetatable({}, setmetatable(p.nilAsTab, {__index = {t = t, i = i}}))
	end,
	__newindex = function (pt, pi, v) --store new values in actual table rather than temporary
		rawset(p.nilAsTab.t, p.nilAsTab.i, {})[p.nilAsTab.i][pi] = v
		setmetatable(p.nilAsTab.t[p.nilAsTab.i], {__call = p.nilAsTab.__call})
	end,
	__call = function(t, i)
		return t and rawget(t, i)
	end
}
--never assign a value to these or they will stop being empty
local infiniteEmpty = setmetatable({}, {__index = setmetatable({}, p.nilAsTab), p.nilAsTab}) -- infiniteEmpty[1][2][3]...[infinity] = {}
local callableEmpty = setmetatable({}, p.nilAsTab)

local rowNum, head, m, col, tab, esc = {}, {}, {num = 1, phase = 0, bold = infiniteEmpty}, {}, mw.html.create'table', {
	bs = require'Module:Escape',--backslash
	comma = {['(%([^,]*),([^%)]*%))'] = '%1|@!#|%2'},--escape commas in ()
}
local nodeFunc = {
	scanPattern = function(self, args, step)
		self.pattern = nil
		if args[step] then
			self.pattern, self.nonFunc = string.match(esc.bs:text(args[step]), '^node_function{(.-)}(.*)')
		end
		if self.pattern then
			for k, v in pairs(esc.comma) do
				self.pattern = self.pattern:gsub(k, v)
			end
			self.nonFunc = self.nonFunc and esc.bs:undo(self.nonFunc)
			self.pattern = mw.text.split(self.pattern, '%s*,%s*')
			for k, v in ipairs(self.pattern) do
				local func, arg = string.match(v, '^(%w+)%(?([^%)]*)')
				if func and self[func] and self[func].main then
					self.pattern[k] = func
					if arg then
						for x, y in pairs(esc.comma) do
							arg = esc.bs:undo(arg):gsub(y:gsub('%%%d', ''), x:match('%)([^%(])%(') or x:gsub('\\', ''))
						end
						self[func].arg = self[func].arg or {}
						self[func].arg[m.num] = arg
					end
				end
			end
		end
		return self.pattern
	end,
	helper = {
		topBranch = function()--node is top of fork if top is 0
			return (m.num - col.top) % 2
		end,
		addText = function(text)
			if text and text ~= '' then
				tab.r:wikitext(text)
			end
		end
	},
	line = {--this node is omitted and replaced with a line
		main = function(x)
			local h = p.getNodeFunc()
			if m.available then
				local text, topId, isTop, notTop = h.line.arg[m.num] or '', h.topBranch()
				isTop = topId == 0
				notTop = {[isTop and 1 or 0] = p.reuseStr.solid}
				for k = 0, 1 do
					tab.r = rowNum[m.r + k * 4]:tag'td'
						:css(notTop[k] and
							{[isTop and 'border-top' or 'border-bottom'] = notTop[k]}
							or {}
						)
						:attr{
							rowspan = ({[0] = 4, 2})[k],
							colspan = p.colspan
						}
					h.addText(text or h.nonFunc)
					text = nil
				end
				m.available = false
			else
				return nil
			end
			return x
		end
	},
	bridge = {--Draw a line to the neighboring node in the same column that is not connected to the current node
		main = function(x)
			local h = p.getNodeFunc()
			h.bridge.lay[col.c][m.num - col.top + 1 + (h.topBranch() == 1 and 1 or -1)] = true
			h.addText(nonFunc)
			return x
		end,
		lay = setmetatable({}, p.nilAsTab)
	},
	canvas = {--Merges all cells in node. Content will be the next parameter.
		main = function(x)
			local h = p.getNodeFunc()
			if m.available then
				tab.r = rowNum[m.r]:tag'td'
					:attr{
						rowspan = 6,
						colspan = p.colspan
					}
				h.addText(h.nonFunc)
				m.available = false
				return x
			else
				return nil
			end
		end
	},
	orphan = {--sets a flag for skipMatch to be set by p._main
		main = function(x)
			p.getNodeFunc().orphan.num = m.num
			return x
		end
	},
	skipAllowed = {--table of supported node functions when node is skipped (i.e. by skipmatch)
		bridge = true,
		canvas = true
	}
}

setmetatable(nodeFunc.helper, {__index = nodeFunc})
function p.getNodeFunc()
	return nodeFunc.helper
end

local function newRow(bodyRow)
	local first = p.flex_tree.merge and mw.clone(p.flex_tree.cell) or p.flex_tree.cell
	tab.r = tab:tag'tr'
		:node(first)
	if bodyRow then
		table.insert(rowNum, bodyRow, tab.r)
		if p.flex_tree.merge then
			rowNum[bodyRow].first = first
			rowNum[bodyRow].first.unchanged = true
		end
	end
end

local function drawHead(text, row3rd)
	local td = (row3rd and rowNum[row3rd]:tag'td':attr{rowspan = 2}
		or head.row:tag'td')
		:attr{colspan = p.colspan}
	if text ~= 'omit_label' then
		td:wikitext(text):css{
			['text-align'] = 'center',
			border = '1px solid #aaa',
			['background-color'] = p.bgColor.head,
			color = p.textColor.head
		}
	end
end

local function spacer(width)
	tab.r:tag'td'
		:attr{width = width}
		:wikitext(p.no_column_head and '' or '&amp;nbsp;')
end

local function dpBox(v, r)
	p.dpBoxBase = p.dpBoxBase or mw.html.create'td':attr{rowspan = 2, colspan = p.colspan}
	if not v then
		p.dpBoxEmpty = p.previewnumbers and mw.clone(p.dpBoxBase) or p.dpBoxEmpty or mw.clone(p.dpBoxBase):wikitext(p.flex_tree.wt)
		rowNum[r]:node(p.dpBoxEmpty)
	else
		rowNum[r]:node(mw.clone(p.dpBoxBase):wikitext(v))
	end
end

p.scoreWasher = {
	numberFormat = '%-?%d+%.?%d*',
	main = function (self, s)
		if s then
			for _, cycle in ipairs(self.cycles) do
				s = s:gsub(unpack(cycle))
			end
			if p.scoreSumBox and self.plus then
				local t = 0
				for _, part in ipairs(mw.text.split(s, self.plus)) do
					t = t + (tonumber(part:match('%-?%d+%.?%d*')) or 0)
				end
				return t
			end
			return tonumber(s:match(self.numberFormat)) or math.huge
		end
		return 0
	end,
	spin = function(self, v)
		table.insert(self, v)
		return self
	end,
	load = function (self, cycle)
		local wash, rinse = 0, {spin = self.spin}
		for v in cycle:gfind('%(([^%(%)]-)%)') do
			if v == '_plus_' then
				self.plus = v
				rinse:spin(v)
				cycle = cycle:gsub('%(_plus_%)', '', 1)
			else
				wash = wash + 1
				rinse:spin('%'):spin(wash)
			end
		end
		table.insert(self.cycles, {esc.bs:undo(cycle, '%%'), table.concat(rinse)})
	end,
	init = function(self, setting)
		self.cycles = {original = setting}
		for cycle in (setting and esc.bs:text(setting) or '{&lt;.-&gt;} {[^%d]*}'):gfind('{(.-)}') do
			self:load(cycle)
		end
	end,
		sum = function (clean)
		local sum = {0, 0}
		for _, box in ipairs(clean) do
			for team, score in ipairs(box) do
				sum[team] = sum[team] + score
			end
		end
		return unpack(math.max(unpack(sum)) == math.huge and {'&amp;mdash;', '&amp;mdash;'} or sum)
	end
}

local function boldWin(s1, s2)
	return setmetatable(
		p.bold and s1 ~= s2 and (math[({'min', 'max'})[p.bold]](s1, s2) == s1 and {true} or {[2] = true}) or callableEmpty,
		p.nilAsTab
	)
end

local function maxSpan(span, start, rows)
	return math.min(span, math.max(0, rows - start + 1))
end

--in case of templates like RDseed need padding value
p.teamBoxPadding = function()
	return '.6ex'
end
p.teamBoxPadTab = {padding = '0 ' .. p.teamBoxPadding()}
p.teamBoxNormal = {border = '1px solid #aaa', ['background-color'] = p.bgColor[4], color = p.textColor[4]}
local function teamBox(v, r, f)
	if p.flex_tree.merge and not v and f.phase == 2 then
		for i = -2, 0 do
			if rowNum[r + i].first.unchanged then
				rowNum[r + i].first.unchanged = nil
				rowNum[r + i].first:node(p.unflex_div)
			end
		end
		tab.r:attr{rowspan = 4}:css{['vertical-align'] = 'center'}
	else
		if not p.bold then
		--backwards compatability (wikitemplates bold each arg individually)
			local hasBold, b = tostring(v):gsub(&quot;([^']*)'''([^']*)&quot;, '%1&lt;b&gt;%2&lt;/b&gt;')
			if b == 1 then
				v = hasBold
			end
		end
		local cell
		if f[1] then
			cell = f.sumBox and f.sumBox[1] and
				{padding = f.sumBox[1]}
				or {['border-left'] = f.borderLeft}
			cell['text-align'] = v and f[1]
		else
			cell = p.teamBoxPadTab
		end
		local text = v or f[1] and '' or '&amp;nbsp;'
		if f.bold then
			text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, '(%(%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%]%))', '&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;%1&lt;/span&gt;')
		end
		tab.r = rowNum[r]:tag'td'
			:css(p.teamBoxCSS)
			:css(cell)
			:attr{rowspan = 2}
			:node(mw.html.create(f.bold and 'b'):wikitext(text))
	end
end

function p._main(args)
	function args:clean(key, params)--prevent html comments from breaking named args and reduces repeat concatenation
		params = params or {}
		local clean = args[key] or params.ifNil
		if clean then
			params.append = params.append or ''
			clean = mw.text.decode(clean):gsub('&lt;!%-.-%-&gt;', ''):gsub(params.pattern or '[^%w-;%.]', '') .. params.append
			clean = clean ~= params.append and clean or params.ifNil
		end
		args[key] = params.keepOld and args[key] or clean
		return clean
	end
	p.cols = tonumber(args:clean('columns', {pattern = '%D'}))
	p.tCols = (tonumber(args:clean('final_RDs_excluded', {pattern = '%D'})) or 0) + p.cols
	local matchPer = {
		pattern = '%d*per%d+[%-x]%d+',
		vals = '(%d*)per(%d+)([%-x])(%d+)'
	}
	local skipMatch, unBold  = {}, {}--(skip|manualbold)match# to boolean
	for k, _ in pairs(args) do
		local mType, mNum = string.match(k, '^(%l+)match(%d*)$')
		mType, mNum = ({skip = skipMatch, manualbold = unBold})[mType], tonumber(mNum)
		if mType then
			if mNum then
				mType[mNum] = args:clean(k) == 'yes' or args[k] == 'true'
			else
				for pattern in args:clean(k, {ifNil = ''}):gfind(matchPer.pattern) do
					local d1, period, op, d2 = pattern:match(matchPer.vals)
					d1 = tonumber(d1) or 1
					d2 = op == '-' and d2 or (d1 + period * (d2 - 1))
					for y = d1, d2, period do
						mType[y] = true
					end
				end
				for _, x in ipairs(mw.text.split(args[k]:gsub(matchPer.pattern, ''):gsub('[;%-%a][;%-%a]+', ';'):match('^;*(.-)[;%-]*$'), ';')) do
					x = mw.text.split(x, '-')
					for y = tonumber(x[1]) or 1, tonumber(x[2] or x[1]) or 0 do
						mType[y] = true
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
	for _, v in ipairs({--more args to boolean
		'widescore',
		'color',
		'color_repechage',
		'3rdplace',
		'omit_blanks',
		'scroll_head_unlock',
		'previewnumbers',
		'flex_tree',
		'no_column_head',
		'short_brackets',
		'branch_upwards'
	}) do
		if args[v] and (p[v] == nil or type(p[v]) == 'boolean') then
			p[v] = args:clean(v) == 'yes' or args[v] == 'true'
		end
	end
	p.namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace
	p.previewnumbers = p.namespace ~= 0 and p.previewnumbers
	p.scoreWasher:init(args['score-clean'])
	p.scoreWasher.demo = args.demoWash and tonumber(args:clean('demoWash', {pattern = '%D'}), 10)
	p.scoreSumBox = args['score-boxes'] and args['score-boxes']:match('%d ?%+ ?sum')
	p.bold = ({low = 1, high = 2})[args:clean('bold_winner')] or p.scoreSumBox and 2
	local sumBox = p.scoreSumBox and 1 or 0
	p.scoreBoxes = (tonumber(args:clean('score-boxes', {pattern = '%D'})) or 1) + sumBox
	p.scoreSumBox = p.scoreBoxes &gt; 0 and p.scoreSumBox or nil
	local boxStyle = p.scoreBoxes &gt; 1 and
		(p.scoreSumBox and
			setmetatable(
				{{}, [p.scoreBoxes] = {'0 1ex'}},
				{__call = function(t, i) if t[i] then return nil end return 0 end}
			)
			or setmetatable(
				{},
				{__call = function() return 0 end}
			)
		)
		or setmetatable({}, {__call = function() return nil end})
	p.colspan = p.scoreBoxes &gt; 0 and (p.scoreBoxes + 1) or nil
	local nodeArgs = {
		score = p.scoreBoxes - sumBox,
		team = {offset = 1 + p.scoreBoxes - sumBox}
	}
	nodeArgs.all = 1 + nodeArgs.team.offset * 2
	nodeArgs.tableSum = {
		__add = function(v, t)
			if #t == 3 then
				return v + nodeArgs.all
			end
			local s = v
			for i, n in ipairs(t) do
				s = s + n
			end
			return s--[[ + (p.scoreSumBox and #t == 3 and -2 or 0) --merging disabled with score boxes, uncomment if enable]]
		end
	}
	nodeArgs.team[1] = 1--constant to be replaced later by new param
	nodeArgs.team[2] = nodeArgs.team[1] + nodeArgs.team.offset
	nodeArgs.blank = setmetatable({}, nodeArgs.tableSum)
	p.unflex_div = mw.html.create'div'
					:css{overflow = 'hidden', height = '1ex'}
					:wikitext'&amp;nbsp;'
	p.flex_tree = setmetatable({},{__index = {
		merge = p.flex_tree and p.scoreBoxes == 0,
		wt = p.flex_tree and '' or '&amp;nbsp;',
		cell = mw.html.create'td'
			:node(not p.flex_tree and p.unflex_div or nil)
	}})
	if args:clean'scroll_height' then
		local fontSize, fontUnit = args.style and args.style:match('font%-size *: *(%d+)([^ ]+)')
		if fontSize then
			local units = {
				em = 1,
				ex = 2,
				['%'] = 0.01
			}
			fontSize, fontUnit = {fontSize * fontUnit}
		end
	end
	tab
		:cssText(table.concat{args.scroll_height and 'padding' or 'margin', ':', fontSize and (math.ceil(fontSize * 10) / 10) or '.9', 'em 2em 1em 1em;border:0;', fontSize and '' or 'font-size:90%;border-collapse:separate;', args.style})
		:attr{cellpadding = 0, cellspacing = 0}
	if not p.no_column_head then--headings row
		newRow()
		head.row = tab.r
			:css{['white-space'] = args.scroll_height and 'nowrap'}
		newRow()
	else
		tab.r = tab:tag'tr'
		tab.r:tag'td'
	end
	local sp = {--set column widths
		args['team-width'] or 170,
		p.widescore and 40 or 30,
		p.short_brackets and 6 or 15,
		p.short_brackets and 4 or 20
	}
	local scoreWidth = args:clean('score-width', {pattern = '[^%d;]'}) and mw.text.split(args['score-width'], ';') or {}
	scoreWidth[1] = tonumber(scoreWidth[1], 10)
	if p.scoreSumBox and #scoreWidth ~= 1 then
		local _scoreWidth = {}
		for k = 1, p.scoreBoxes - 1 do
			_scoreWidth[k] = tonumber(scoreWidth[k], 10) or math.ceil(sp[2] * 0.75)
		end
		setmetatable(scoreWidth, _scoreWidth)
	end

	local head_br = {
		count = 0,
		compare = function (self, text)
			if text and args.scroll_height then
				local _, count = text:gsub('&lt;br[ &gt;/]', '%1')
				self.count = math.max(self.count, count)
			end
			return text
		end
	}
	p.branch_upwards = p.branch_upwards and 0
	for k = 1, p.cols do
		if k &gt; 1 then
			spacer(sp[3])
			spacer(sp[4])
			if not p.no_column_head then
				head.row:tag'td':attr{colspan = 2}
			end
		end
		spacer(sp[1])
		for s = 1, p.scoreBoxes do
			spacer(#scoreWidth == 1 and scoreWidth[1] or scoreWidth[s] or sp[2])
		end
		if not p.no_column_head then
			head.wt = head_br:compare(args:clean('RD' .. k, {pattern = ''}))
				or p.RD[#p.RD + k - p.tCols - 1]
				or ('Round of ' .. math.pow(2, p.tCols - k + 1))
			drawHead(head.wt)
		end
	end
	sp.row = tab.r
	col.tot = math.pow(2, p.tCols - 1)
	local step, bump, bumpBase, rows = 1, 0, mw.html.create'td':attr{colspan = p.colspan}, col.tot * 6--Begin body row output
	args.line_px = table.concat{args:clean('line_px') or 3, args.line_px ~= '0' and 'px' or nil}
	tab.line = {--reduces concats and 'or' statements
		{
			[true] = args.line_px,
			[false] = 0
		},
		args.line_px:rep(2):gsub('(%a)(%d)', '%1 %2', 1)
	}
	p['3rdplace'] =  p.tCols == p.cols and (p['3rdplace'] or p.cols &gt; 3 and nil == p['3rdplace'] and not p.no_column_head)
	if p['3rdplace'] then
		p.textThird = args.Consol or args['RD' .. (p.cols + 1)] or p.RD[4]
		local no3rdText = p.no_column_head or p.textThird and p.textThird:match('omit_label')
		rowNum.third = math.max(math.pow(2, p.branch_upwards and -3 or p.cols - 2) * 9 + (no3rdText and 4 or 9), no3rdText and 12 or 17, rows)
	end
	for r = 1, rowNum.third or rows do
		newRow(r)
	end
	p:saveStr('solid', tab.line[1][true], ' solid')
	p.cornerDiv = mw.html.create'div':css{height = tab.line[1][true], ['border-right'] = p.reuseStr.solid}
	for c = 1, p.cols do
		col.c = c
		local bumps = bump
		if c &gt; 1 then
			col.tot = col.tot + math.pow(2, p.tCols - c)
			if p.branch_upwards then
				bumps = 0
				rowNum[1]:tag'td':attr{rowspan = 4}
			else
			rowNum[1]:node(c &lt; p.cols and
				mw.clone(bumpBase):attr{rowspan = bump}
			)
			end
		end
		col.top = m.num
		p.span = p.tCols &gt; c and bump * 2 or p.branch_upwards or math.max((bump - 1) / 2, 2)
		col.color_repechage = p['color_repechage'] and ((c == p.tCols) or ((c == p.tCols-1) and skipMatch[math.pow(2, p.tCols) - 1]))
		col.show3rd = p['3rdplace'] and c == p.tCols and rowNum.third
		local colorFinal, bumpMid = p.color and c == p.tCols, p.span &gt; 0 and mw.clone(bumpBase):attr{rowspan = p.span} or nil
		for r = 1, col.show3rd or rows, 2 do
			m.r = r + bumps
			if col.show3rd or rowNum[m.r] and m.num &lt;= col.tot then
				if m.phase == 0 then
					m.showBox = setmetatable({1, nodeArgs.team.offset, nodeArgs.team.offset}, nodeArgs.tableSum)
					if nodeFunc:scanPattern(args, step) then
						nodeFunc.called = {}
						m.available = true
					else
						m.available = nil
					end
				end
				if skipMatch[m.num] then
					if m.phase == 0 then
						if nodeFunc.pattern then
							for x, y in ipairs(nodeFunc.pattern) do
								if nodeFunc.skipAllowed[y] then
									nodeFunc.called[y] = nodeFunc[y].main(x)
								end
							end
						end
						local canvas = nodeFunc.pattern and nodeFunc.called.canvas and 6
						rowNum[m.r + (canvas or 0)]:tag'td':attr{rowspan = maxSpan((canvas and 0 or 6) + bump * 2, m.r + (canvas or 0), rows), colspan = p.colspan}
					elseif m.phase == 2 then
						if nodeFunc.pattern and (nodeFunc.called.bridge or nodeFunc.called.canvas) then
							step = step + 1
						end
						m.num = m.num + 1
						step = step + (p.omit_blanks and 0 or m.showBox)
						bumps = bumps + (col.show3rd and 0 or maxSpan(p.span, m.r, rows))
					end
				elseif m.phase == 0 then
					if nodeFunc.pattern then
						for x, y in ipairs(nodeFunc.pattern) do
							if nodeFunc[y] and nodeFunc[y].main then
								nodeFunc.called[y] = nodeFunc[y].main(x)
							end
						end
						if m.available == false then
							m.showBox = nodeArgs.blank
							step = step + 1
						end
					end
					if m.showBox[1] then
						if col.show3rd then
							col.show3rd = (m.num - col.top) * 2
							if col.show3rd == 2 then
								if p.textThird:match('omit_label') then
									p.textThird = nil
								end
								if rowNum[rows + 1] and p.cols &gt; 1 then --if 3rd place extends below bottom cell
									rowNum[rows + 1]:tag'td':attr{
										rowspan = m.r + 9 - rows - (text and 0 or 2),
										colspan = (p.cols - 1) * (3 + p.scoreBoxes)
									}
								end
								if p.tCols == 1 then
									bumps = p.textThird and 3 or 0
								elseif p.branch_upwards then
									r = 7
									bumps = p.textThird and 2 or 0
								end
								m.r = r + bumps
								if p.textThird then
									drawHead(p.textThird, m.r)
									bumps = bumps + 2
									m.r = r + bumps
								end
							end
						end
						dpBox(nodeFunc.pattern and nodeFunc.nonFunc or args[step], m.r)
						if p.previewnumbers then					
							rowNum[m.r].nodes[#rowNum[m.r].nodes]
								:tag'div'
									:css{
										float = 'left',
										border = '1px solid red',
										padding = '0 .5ex',
										['color'] = 'red'
									}
									:wikitext(m.num)
									:attr{title = 'Number only visible outside article space (e.g. template) when |numberpreview=yes'}
						end
					end
					if p.colspan then
						m.nonEmpty = {}
						for s = step + 2, step + nodeArgs.team.offset do
							local i = {s, s + nodeArgs.team.offset}
							if args[i[1]] or args[i[2]] then
								table.insert(m.nonEmpty, i)
							end
						end
						if p.bold and m.showBox[2] and m.showBox[3] and not unBold[m.num] then
							m.bold = {
								box = {},
								clean = {}
							}
							local notSummed = not p.scoreSumBox or #m.nonEmpty &lt; 2
							for s, i in ipairs(m.nonEmpty) do
								m.bold.clean[s] = {p.scoreWasher:main(args[i[1]]), p.scoreWasher:main(args[i[2]])}
								m.bold.box[s] = notSummed and boldWin(m.bold.clean[s][1], m.bold.clean[s][2]) or callableEmpty
							end
							if p.scoreSumBox and m.nonEmpty[2] then
								local i = {-step, -step - 1}
								table.insert(m.nonEmpty, i)
								args[i[1]], args[i[2]] = p.scoreWasher.sum(m.bold.clean)
								m.bold.box[p.scoreBoxes] = boldWin(args[i[1]], args[i[2]])
							end
							getmetatable(boxStyle).__index = p.scoreSumBoxes and {[#m.nonEmpty] = boxStyle[p.scoreBoxes]}
							m.bold.win = m.bold.box[#m.nonEmpty] or callableEmpty
						else
							m.bold = infiniteEmpty
						end
					end
				else
					if m.showBox[m.phase] then
						if col.color_repechage then
							col.color_repechage = 2
						end
						if p.bold then
							if m.bold.win(m.phase) and (colorFinal or col.color_repechage)  then
								color_index = 1 + (col.show3rd or 0) + (col.color_repechage or 0)
							elseif m.bold.box[#m.nonEmpty] then 
								color_index = 2 + (col.show3rd or 0) + (col.color_repechage or 0)
							else
								color_index = 4
							end
							p.teamBoxCSS = (colorFinal or col.color_repechage) and
								{border = p.teamBoxNormal.border, ['background-color'] = p.bgColor[color_index], color = p.textColor[color_index]}
								or p.teamBoxNormal
						else
							p.teamBoxCSS = (colorFinal or col.color_repechage) and
								{border = p.teamBoxNormal.border, ['background-color'] = p.bgColor[m.phase + (col.show3rd or 0) + (col.color_repechage or 0)], color = p.textColor[m.phase + (col.show3rd or 0) + (col.color_repechage or 0)]}
								or p.teamBoxNormal
						end
						local f = {phase = m.phase, bold = m.bold.win(m.phase)}
						teamBox(args[step + nodeArgs.team[m.phase]], m.r, f)
						f[1] = 'center'
						if p.colspan then
							if m.nonEmpty[1] then
								local loneSum
								if #m.nonEmpty &lt; p.scoreBoxes then
									loneSum = #m.nonEmpty == 1 and boxStyle[p.scoreBoxes]
									tab.r:attr{colspan = 1 + p.scoreBoxes - #m.nonEmpty}
								end
								for s, i in ipairs(m.nonEmpty) do
									f.borderLeft = boxStyle(s)
									f.sumBox = loneSum or boxStyle[s]
									f.bold = m.bold.box[s](m.phase)
									teamBox(args[i[m.phase]], m.r, f)
								end
							else
								for s = 1, p.scoreBoxes do
									f.borderLeft = boxStyle(s)
									teamBox(nil, m.r, f)
								end
							end
						end
					end
					if m.phase == 2 then
						col.show3rd = col.show3rd ~= 2 and col.show3rd or nil
						if p.scoreWasher.demo and p.scoreWasher.demo == m.num and p.namespace ~= 0 then
							table.insert(m.bold.clean, 1, {args[step + nodeArgs.team[1]], args[step + nodeArgs.team[2]]})
							return table.concat{
								'Score data for match specified by &lt;code&gt;|demoWash=&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;br&gt;',
								mw.dumpObject{scores = m.bold.clean, cycles = p.scoreWasher.cycles, sum = p.scoreSumBox and {m.nonEmpty[#m.nonEmpty][1], m.nonEmpty[#m.nonEmpty][1]}},
								'&lt;table&gt;',
								tostring(sp.row), '&lt;tr&gt;',
								tostring(rowNum[m.r - 4]), '&lt;tr&gt;',
								tostring(rowNum[m.r - 2]), '&lt;tr&gt;',
								tostring(rowNum[m.r]), '&lt;/table&gt;',
							}
						end
						if nodeFunc.orphan.num == m.num then
							skipMatch[m.num] = 'orphan'
						end
						step = step + m.showBox
						m.num = m.num + 1
						if bump &gt; 0 and rowNum[m.r + 2] and not (nodeFunc.pattern and nodeFunc.called.canvas) then
							bumps = bumps + p.span
							rowNum[m.r + 2]:node(bumpMid)
						end
						r = r + (col.show3rd or bump)
					end
				end
				m.phase = (m.phase + 1) % 3
			end
		end
		if p.cols &gt; c then--draw lines to next round
			p.unit = bump + 3
			bump = 3 * math.pow(2, c) - 3
			bumps = p.branch_upwards and 4 or (p.unit + 1)
			rowNum[1]
				:tag'td':attr{rowspan = bumps}
			if not p.branch_upwards then
				rowNum[1]:tag'td'
					:attr{rowspan = (p.branch_upwards or bump) + 4}
					:css(nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](0) and
						{['border-right'] = p.reuseStr.solid}
						or {}
					)
			end
			col.n = 0
			col.t2 = nil
			for r = bumps + 1, rows, p.unit * 2 do
				tab.r = rowNum[r]:tag'td'
				local interval = ((r - bumps - 1) / (p.unit * 2)) % 4
				if interval % 2 == 0 then
					--col.t and col.t2 control whether lines are drawn
					col.t = col.t2 or skipMatch[col.tot + col.n / 2 + 1] and 3 or ((skipMatch[col.top] and 1 or 0) + (skipMatch[col.top + 1] and 2 or 0))
					col.n = col.n + 2
					col.t2 = skipMatch[col.tot + col.n / 2 + 1] and 3 or ((skipMatch[col.top + col.n] and 1 or 0) + (skipMatch[col.top + col.n + 1] and 2 or 0))
					if col.t == 0 then --draws the ']' when a PAIR of matches needs lines
						tab.r
							:attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit * 2, r, rows)}
							:css(skipMatch[col.tot + col.n / 2] and {} or {
								border = p.reuseStr.solid,
								['border-left'] = 0
							})
					else --draws the lines when only top OR bottom match need lines
						tab.r
							:attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit, r, rows)}
							:cssText(col.t == 2 and
								p:saveStr('topRight', 'border-width:', tab.line[2], ' 0 0;border-style:solid')
								or col.t == 1 and (nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n - 2) and
									p:saveStr('right', ';border-right:', p.reuseStr.solid)
									or 'vertical-align:bottom'
								)
								or nil
							)
							:node(col.t == 1 and interval &gt; 0 and not nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n - 2) and p.cornerDiv)
						rowNum[r + (p.branch_upwards and (4 - bump) or p.unit)]:tag'td'
							:attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit, r + p.unit, rows)}
							:cssText(col.t == 1 and
								p:saveStr('bttmRght', 'border-width:0 ', tab.line[2], ' 0;border-style:solid')
								or col.t == 2 and (nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n + 2) and
									p:saveStr('right', ';border-right:', p.reuseStr.solid)
									or 'vertical-align:top'
								)
								or nil
							)
							:node(col.t == 2 and interval ~= 2 and not nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n + 2) and p.cornerDiv)
					end
					col.t = {
						col.t &lt; 3,
						rowNum[r + p.unit * 5] and col.t2 &lt; 3 or false
					}
					rowNum[r + (p.branch_upwards or p.unit)]:tag'td'
						:attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit * 4, r + (p.branch_upwards and (4 - bump) or p.unit), rows)}
						:css(interval == 0 and (col.t[1] or col.t[2]) and {
							['border-width'] = table.concat{tab.line[1][col.t[1]], ' 0 ', tab.line[1][col.t[2]]},
							['border-style'] = 'solid'
						} or {})
				else
					tab.r
						:attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit * 2, r, rows)}
						:css(nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n) and
							{['border-right'] = p.reuseStr.solid}
							or {}
						)
				end
			end
		end
	end
	local lock_height = (head_br.count or 0) + 1
	return args.scroll_height and
		mw.html.create'div'
			:cssText'border-bottom:1px solid #eee;display:inline-block'
			:node(not (p.scroll_head_unlock or p.no_column_head) and mw.html.create'div'
				:css{
					overflow = 'hidden',
					height = lock_height * 1.4 + 1.6 .. 'em',
					['border-bottom'] = 'inherit',
					['margin-right'] = '17px'
				}
				:node(mw.clone(tab))
			)
			:tag'div'
				:css{
					['overflow-y'] = 'scroll',
					['max-height'] = tonumber(args.scroll_height, 10) and args.scroll_height .. 'px' or args.scroll_height
				}
				:node(not (p.scroll_head_unlock or p.no_column_head) and
					tab:css{['margin-top'] = math.floor(-10 * (lock_height * 1.4 + 1.6)/(fontSize or .9)) / 10 .. 'em', ['padding-top'] = '-3px'}
					or tab
				)
			:done()
		or tab
end

--[[local standard = {
	'beta' = {
		bold_winner = 'high',
		omit_blanks = 'yes',
		auto_3rd = 'yes'
	}
}--]]
function p.main(frame, columns)
	local args = require'Module:Arguments'.getArgs(frame, {trim = false})
	args.columns = args.columns or columns
	return p._main(args)
end

function p.seed(frame)
	local parent = frame:getParent() or frame
	local function arg(k, alt)
		return parent.args[k] or frame.args[k] or alt
	end
	local padding, width = arg(2, p.teamBoxPadding()), arg(3, arg('widescore') and 40 or 30)
	padding = tonumber(padding) and tonumber(padding) .. 'px' or padding
	width = tonumber(width) and tonumber(width) .. 'px' or width
	return mw.html.create'div'
		:css{
			margin = ('-1px %s -1px -0.7ex'):format(padding, padding),
			float = 'left',
			['background-color'] = p.bgColor.head,
			border = '1px solid #aaa',
			color = p.textColor.head,
			['text-align'] = 'center',
			width = width
		}
		:wikitext(arg(1, '&amp;nbsp;'))
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>c2854ydi4l9vcj6j7uw6tekz8pwz50c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:LepIndex</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50803</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305129</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:33:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305129</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="996" sha1="6xjnoykrnpun2laxhm96lbvsuufmyz8" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{cite web
|  url = https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail?taxonno={{#expr:trunc {{{id|{{#property:P3064|[[Category:LepIndex template with no id set]]}}}}}}}
|  title = ''{{zwsp}}{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}{{zwsp}}''
|  editor1= Beccaloni, G.
|  editor2=Scoble, M.
|  editor3=Kitching, I. 
|  editor4=Simonsen, T.
|  editor5=Robinson, G.
|  editor6=Pitkin, B.
|  editor7=Hine, A.
|  editor8=Lyal, C.
|  year = 2003
| work =[[The Global Lepidoptera Names Index]]
| publisher = [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]]
| access-date =  {{{downloaded|{{{accessdate|{{{access-date|}}}}}}}}}
| archive-url =  {{{archiveurl|{{{archive-url|}}}}}}
| archive-date =  {{{archivedate|{{{archive-date|}}}}}}
| mode = {{#invoke:Citation mode|main|cs1}} 
| ref =  {{{ref}}}
}}{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P3064|{{{id|}}}}} {{{ #if:{{{id|}}}|{{Wikidata check|property=P3064|value={{{id|}}}|category=LepIndex ID}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6xjnoykrnpun2laxhm96lbvsuufmyz8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Math/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50804</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305131</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:37:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub:  /* See [[Template:Math#Notes]] for why this is named .texhtml  */ .texhtml { 	font-family: &quot;Nimbus Roman No9 L&quot;, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; 	font-size: 118%; 	line-height: 1; 	font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; 	font-kerning: none; }  .texhtml .texhtml { 	font-size: 100%; }  .texhtml-big { 	font-size: 165%; }  .mvar { 	font-style: italic; }  @media (min-width: 640px) { 	span.texhtml { 		white-space: nowrap; 	} }</comment>
      <origin>305131</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="435" sha1="pn3265aycyc4gfxiyvifw2g8u5xladw" xml:space="preserve"> /* See [[Template:Math#Notes]] for why this is named .texhtml
 */
.texhtml {
	font-family: &quot;Nimbus Roman No9 L&quot;, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;
	font-size: 118%;
	line-height: 1;
	font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
	font-kerning: none;
}

.texhtml .texhtml {
	font-size: 100%;
}

.texhtml-big {
	font-size: 165%;
}

.mvar {
	font-style: italic;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
	span.texhtml {
		white-space: nowrap;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>pn3265aycyc4gfxiyvifw2g8u5xladw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Chem2</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50805</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305132</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:39:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} -- module's table  -- Elements with wiki links local am = { 	H = &quot;Hydrogen&quot;, 	He = &quot;Helium&quot;, 	Li = &quot;Lithium&quot;, 	Be = &quot;Beryllium&quot;, 	B = &quot;Boron&quot;, 	C = &quot;Carbon&quot;, 	N = &quot;Nitrogen&quot;, 	O = &quot;Oxygen&quot;, 	F = &quot;Fluorine&quot;, 	Ne = &quot;Neon&quot;, 	Na = &quot;Sodium&quot;, 	Mg = &quot;Magnesium&quot;, 	Al = &quot;Aluminium&quot;, 	Si = &quot;Silicon&quot;, 	P = &quot;Phosphorus&quot;, 	S = &quot;Sulfur&quot;, 	Cl = &quot;Chlorine&quot;, 	Ar = &quot;Argon&quot;, 	K = &quot;Potassium&quot;, 	Ca = &quot;Calcium&quot;, 	Sc = &quot;Scandium&quot;, 	Ti = &quot;...</comment>
      <origin>305132</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13345" sha1="hnnedxnfllpi3jxr91gtwknff3p9aba" xml:space="preserve">local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local p = {} -- module's table

-- Elements with wiki links
local am = {
	H = &quot;Hydrogen&quot;,
	He = &quot;Helium&quot;,
	Li = &quot;Lithium&quot;,
	Be = &quot;Beryllium&quot;,
	B = &quot;Boron&quot;,
	C = &quot;Carbon&quot;,
	N = &quot;Nitrogen&quot;,
	O = &quot;Oxygen&quot;,
	F = &quot;Fluorine&quot;,
	Ne = &quot;Neon&quot;,
	Na = &quot;Sodium&quot;,
	Mg = &quot;Magnesium&quot;,
	Al = &quot;Aluminium&quot;,
	Si = &quot;Silicon&quot;,
	P = &quot;Phosphorus&quot;,
	S = &quot;Sulfur&quot;,
	Cl = &quot;Chlorine&quot;,
	Ar = &quot;Argon&quot;,
	K = &quot;Potassium&quot;,
	Ca = &quot;Calcium&quot;,
	Sc = &quot;Scandium&quot;,
	Ti = &quot;Titanium&quot;,
	V = &quot;Vanadium&quot;,
	Cr = &quot;Chromium&quot;,
	Mn = &quot;Manganese&quot;,
	Fe = &quot;Iron&quot;,
	Co = &quot;Cobalt&quot;,
	Ni = &quot;Nickel&quot;,
	Cu = &quot;Copper&quot;,
	Zn = &quot;Zinc&quot;,
	Ga = &quot;Gallium&quot;,
	Ge = &quot;Germanium&quot;,
	As = &quot;Arsenic&quot;,
	Se = &quot;Selenium&quot;,
	Br = &quot;Bromine&quot;,
	Kr = &quot;Krypton&quot;,
	Rb = &quot;Rubidium&quot;,
	Sr = &quot;Strontium&quot;,
	Y = &quot;Yttrium&quot;,
	Zr = &quot;Zirconium&quot;,
	Nb = &quot;Niobium&quot;,
	Mo = &quot;Molybdenum&quot;,
	Tc = &quot;Technetium&quot;,
	Ru = &quot;Ruthenium&quot;,
	Rh = &quot;Rhodium&quot;,
	Pd = &quot;Palladium&quot;,
	Ag = &quot;Silver&quot;,
	Cd = &quot;Cadmium&quot;,
	In = &quot;Indium&quot;,
	Sn = &quot;Tin&quot;,
	Sb = &quot;Antimony&quot;,
	Te = &quot;Tellurium&quot;,
	I = &quot;Iodine&quot;,
	Xe = &quot;Xenon&quot;,
	Cs = &quot;Caesium&quot;,
	Ba = &quot;Barium&quot;,
	La = &quot;Lanthanum&quot;,
	Ce = &quot;Cerium&quot;,
	Pr = &quot;Praseodymium&quot;,
	Nd = &quot;Neodymium&quot;,
	Pm = &quot;Promethium&quot;,
	Sm = &quot;Samarium&quot;,
	Eu = &quot;Europium&quot;,
	Gd = &quot;Gadolinium&quot;,
	Tb = &quot;Terbium&quot;,
	Dy = &quot;Dysprosium&quot;,
	Ho = &quot;Holmium&quot;,
	Er = &quot;Erbium&quot;,
	Tm = &quot;Thulium&quot;,
	Yb = &quot;Ytterbium&quot;,
	Lu = &quot;Lutetium&quot;,
	Hf = &quot;Hafnium&quot;,
	Ta = &quot;Tantalum&quot;,
	W = &quot;Tungsten&quot;,
	Re = &quot;Rhenium&quot;,
	Os = &quot;Osmium&quot;,
	Ir = &quot;Iridium&quot;,
	Pt = &quot;Platinum&quot;,
	Au = &quot;Gold&quot;,
	Hg = &quot;Mercury (element)&quot;,
	Tl = &quot;Thallium&quot;,
	Pb = &quot;Lead&quot;,
	Bi = &quot;Bismuth&quot;,
	Po = &quot;Polonium&quot;,
	At = &quot;Astatine&quot;,
	Rn = &quot;Radon&quot;,
	Fr = &quot;Francium&quot;,
	Ra = &quot;Radium&quot;,
	Ac = &quot;Actinium&quot;,
	Th = &quot;Thorium&quot;,
	Pa = &quot;Protactinium&quot;,
	U = &quot;Uranium&quot;,
	Np = &quot;Neptunium&quot;,
	Pu = &quot;Plutonium&quot;,
	Am = &quot;Americium&quot;,
	Cm = &quot;Curium&quot;,
	Bk = &quot;Berkelium&quot;,
	Cf = &quot;Californium&quot;,
	Es = &quot;Einsteinium&quot;,
	Fm = &quot;Fermium&quot;,
	Md = &quot;Mendelevium&quot;,
	No = &quot;Nobelium&quot;,
	Lr = &quot;Lawrencium&quot;,
	Rf = &quot;Rutherfordium&quot;,
	Db = &quot;Dubnium&quot;,
	Sg = &quot;Seaborgium&quot;,
	Bh = &quot;Bohrium&quot;,
	Hs = &quot;Hassium&quot;,
	Mt = &quot;Meitnerium&quot;,
	Ds = &quot;Darmstadtium&quot;,
	Rg = &quot;Roentgenium&quot;,
	Cn = &quot;Copernicium&quot;,
	Nh = &quot;Nihonium&quot;,
	Fl = &quot;Flerovium&quot;,
	Mc = &quot;Moscovium&quot;,
	Lv = &quot;Livermorium&quot;,
	Ts = &quot;Tennessine&quot;,
	Og = &quot;Oganesson&quot;,
	
	-- Groups etc with element-like names
	Bn = 'Benzyl group',
	Bu = 'Butyl group',
	Bz = 'Benzoyl group',
	Cp = 'Cyclopentadienyl',
	D = 'Deuterium',
	Et = 'Ethyl group',
	Ln = 'Lanthanide',
	Me = 'Methyl group',
	Nu = 'Nucleophile',
	Ph = 'Phenyl group',
	Pn = 'Pentyl group',
	R = 'Substituent',
	T = 'Tritium',
	Tf = 'Trifluoromethylsulfonyl group',
	X = 'Halogen',
}

-- Groups which are redirected from their normal target if wikilinked; never
-- autolinked.
local groups = {
	CH3 = 'Methyl group',
	CO3 = 'Carbonate',
	COOH = 'Carboxyl group',
	ClO = 'Hypochlorite',
	ClO2 = 'Chlorite',
	ClO3 = 'Chlorate',
	ClO4 = 'Perchlorate',
	H2O = 'Water of crystallization',
	H3O = 'Hydronium',
	NH2 = 'Amine group',
	NH4 = 'Ammonium',
	NO3 = 'Nitrate',
	PO3 = 'Phosphite',
	PO4 = 'Phosphate',
	SH = 'Thiol group',
	SO3 = 'Sulfite',
	SO4 = 'Sulfate',
	SeH = 'Selenol group'
}

local T_ELEM = 0         -- token types
local T_NUM = 1          -- number
local T_OPEN = 2         -- open '('
local T_CLOSE = 3        -- close ')'
local T_PM_CHARGE = 4    -- + or −
local T_WATER = 6        -- .xH2O x number
local T_CRYSTAL = 9      -- .x
local T_CHARGE = 8       -- charge (x+), (x-)
local T_SUF_CHARGE = 10  -- suffix and charge e.g. 2+ from H2+
local T_SUF_CHARGE2 = 12 -- suffix and (charge) e.g. 2(2+) from He2(2+)
local T_SPECIAL = 14     -- starting with \ e.g. \d for double bond (=)
local T_SPECIAL2 = 16    -- starting with \y{x} e.g. \i{12} for isotope with mass number 12
local T_ARROW_R = 17     -- match: -&gt;
local T_ARROW_EQ = 18    -- match: &lt;-&gt;
local T_UNDERSCORE = 19  -- _{ ... }
local T_CARET = 20       -- ^{ ... }
local T_LINKOPEN = 21    -- Opening of link, always like &quot;[[target|&quot; even if the source wasn't
local T_NOCHANGE = 30    -- Anything else like ☃

function su(up, down)
	if up == &quot;&quot; then
		return ('&lt;sub class=&quot;template-chem2-sub&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/sub&gt;'):format(down)
	end
	if down == &quot;&quot; then
		return ('&lt;sup class=&quot;template-chem2-sup&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/sup&gt;'):format(up)
	end
    return ('&lt;span class=&quot;template-chem2-su&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;%s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;%s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'):format(up, down)
end

function DotIt()
    return '&amp;middot;'
end

function item(f) -- (iterator) returns one token (type, value) at a time from the formula 'f'
    local i = 1

    return function ()
        local t, x = nil, nil

        if (i == 1) and f:match('^[0-9]', i) then 
            x = f:match('^[%d.]+', i); t = T_NOCHANGE; i = i + x:len();   -- matching coefficient (need a space first)

        elseif i &lt;= f:len() then
            x = f:match('^%s+[%d.]+', i); t = T_NOCHANGE;  -- matching coefficient (need a space first)
            if not x then x = f:match('^%s[+]', i); t = T_NOCHANGE; end       -- matching + (H2O + H2O)
            if not x then x = f:match('^%&amp;%#[%w%d]+%;', i); t = T_NOCHANGE; end       -- &amp;#...;
            if not x then x = f:match('^%&lt;%-%&gt;', i); t = T_ARROW_EQ; end       -- matching &lt;-&gt;
            if not x then x = f:match('^%-%&gt;', i); t = T_ARROW_R; end       -- matching -&gt;
            if not x then x = f:match('^%u%l*', i); t = T_ELEM; end        -- matching symbols like Aaaaa
            if not x then x = f:match('^%d+[+-]', i); t = T_SUF_CHARGE; end        -- matching x+, x-
            if not x then x = f:match('^%d+%(%d*[+-]%)', i); t = T_SUF_CHARGE2; end        -- matching x(y+/-), x(+/-)
            if not x then x = f:match('^%(%d*[+-]%)', i); t = T_CHARGE; end        -- matching (x+) (xx+), (x-) (xx-)
            if not x then x = f:match('^[%d.]+', i); t = T_NUM; end        -- matching number
            if not x and (f:match('^%[%[%[[^[]', i) or f:match('^%[[^[]', i)) then
            	i = i + 1; return T_OPEN, '&amp;#91;' end -- escape [[[X or [X (relevant to auto-linking)
            if not x and f:sub(i, i + 1) == '[[' then
            	x = f:match('^%[%[([^]|]*)', i) -- link target
            	local len = x:len() + 3
            	x = '[[' .. (groups[x] or am[x] or x) .. '|'  -- override link target for common groups

            	if f:sub(len + i, len + i) == ']' then
            		-- We're going to read the link twice, once as target and once as
            		-- chemical markup, e.g. [[CH3]] =&gt; &quot;[[CH3|&quot;, &quot;CH3]]&quot;
            		i = i + 2
            	else
            		i = i + len
            	end
            	return T_LINKOPEN, x
            end
            if not x then x = f:match('^[(|{|%[]', i); t = T_OPEN; end     -- matching ({[
            if not x then x = f:match('^[)|}|%]]', i); t = T_CLOSE; end    -- matching )}]
            if not x then x = f:match('^[+-]', i); t = T_PM_CHARGE; end    -- matching + or -
            if not x then x = f:match('^%*[%d.]*H2O', i); t = T_WATER; end -- Crystal water
            if not x then x = f:match('^%*[%d.]*', i); t = T_CRYSTAL; end  -- Crystal
            if not x then x = f:match('^[\\].{%d+}', i); t = T_SPECIAL2; end -- \y{x}
            if not x then x = f:match('^[\\].', i); t = T_SPECIAL; end -- \x
            if not x then x = f:match('^_{[^}]*}', i); t = T_UNDERSCORE; end -- _{...}
            if not x then x = f:match('^^{[^}]*}', i); t = T_CARET; end   -- ^{...}
            if not x then x = f:match('^.', i); t = T_NOCHANGE; end  --the rest - one by one
            if x then i = i + x:len(); else i = i + 999; error(&quot;Invalid character in formula! : &quot;..f) end
        end
        return t, x
    end
end

function p._chem(args)
	
    local f = args[1] or ''

	f = mw.text.decode( f, true ) -- handle entity input (like &amp;minus;): decode right away
    f = string.gsub(f, &quot;–&quot;, &quot;-&quot;)  -- replace – with - (hyphen not ndash)
    f = string.gsub(f, &quot;−&quot;, &quot;-&quot;)  -- replace – with - (hyphen not minus sign)

    local formula = ''
    local t, x

    local link = args['link'] or &quot;&quot;
    local auto = args['auto'] or &quot;&quot;
    local seen = {}
    local _debug = false

    if not (link == '') then formula = formula .. &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot;; end   -- wikilink start [[link|
 
    for t, x in item(f) do 
    	if _debug then
    		formula = (&quot;%s\n* %d %s&quot;):format(formula, t, x)
        elseif t == T_ELEM then
            if (auto == '') or (not am[x]) or seen[x] then formula = formula .. x
            else formula = (&quot;%s[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(formula, am[x], x); seen[x] = true
            end
        elseif t == T_COEFFICIENT then formula = formula .. x
        elseif t == T_NUM        then formula = formula .. su(&quot;&quot;, x);
        elseif t == T_LINKOPEN   then formula = formula .. x;      -- [[Link|
        elseif t == T_OPEN       then formula = formula .. x;          -- ([{
        elseif t == T_CLOSE      then formula = formula .. x;          -- )]}
        elseif t == T_PM_CHARGE  then formula = formula .. su(x:gsub(&quot;-&quot;, &quot;−&quot;), &quot;&quot;);
        elseif t == T_SUF_CHARGE then 
            formula = formula .. su(x:match(&quot;[+-]&quot;):gsub(&quot;-&quot;, &quot;−&quot;), x:match(&quot;%d+&quot;), &quot;&quot;);
        elseif t == T_SUF_CHARGE2 then 
            formula = formula .. su(x:match(&quot;%(%d*[+-]&quot;):gsub(&quot;-&quot;, &quot;−&quot;):sub(2, -1), x:match(&quot;%d+&quot;))
        elseif t == T_CHARGE then
        	formula = formula .. &quot;&lt;sup&gt;&quot;
        	if x:match(&quot;%d+&quot;) then formula = formula .. x:match(&quot;%d+&quot;); end
        	formula = formula .. x:match(&quot;[%+-]&quot;):gsub(&quot;-&quot;, &quot;−&quot;) .. &quot;&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;;
        	-- Cannot concatenat a nil value from x:match(&quot;%d+&quot;);
        elseif t == T_CRYSTAL then formula = formula .. DotIt() .. string.gsub( x, &quot;*&quot;, '', 1 );
        elseif t == T_SPECIAL then
            parameter = x:sub(2, 2) -- x fra \x  
            if     parameter == &quot;s&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;−&quot;   -- single bond
            elseif parameter == &quot;d&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;=&quot;   -- double bond
            elseif parameter == &quot;t&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;≡&quot;   -- tripple bond
            elseif parameter == &quot;q&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;≣&quot;   -- Quadruple bond
            elseif parameter == &quot;h&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;η&quot;   -- η, hapticity
            elseif parameter == &quot;*&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;*&quot;   -- *, normal *
            elseif parameter == &quot;-&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;-&quot;   -- -
            elseif parameter == &quot;\\&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;\\&quot;   -- \
            elseif parameter == &quot;\'&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;&amp;#39;&quot;   -- html-code for '
            end
        elseif t == T_SPECIAL2 then  -- \y{x}
            parameter = x:sub(2, 2) -- y fra \y{x} 
            if parameter  == &quot;h&quot; then --[[Hapticity]]
                if (auto == '') then formula = formula .. &quot;η&lt;sup&gt;&quot; .. x:match('%d+') .. &quot;&lt;/sup&gt;-&quot;
                else
                    formula = formula .. &quot;[[Hapticity|η&lt;sup&gt;&quot; .. x:match('%d+') .. &quot;&lt;/sup&gt;]]-&quot;
                end
            elseif parameter == &quot;m&quot; then formula = formula .. &quot;μ&lt;sub&gt;&quot; .. x:match('%d+') .. &quot;&lt;/sub&gt;-&quot; -- mu ([[bridging ligand]])
            end
        elseif t == T_WATER then 
            if x:match(&quot;^%*[%d.]&quot;) then 
                formula = formula .. DotIt() .. x:match(&quot;%f[%.%d]%d*%.?%d*%f[^%.%d%]]&quot;) .. &quot;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&quot;;
            else
                formula = formula .. DotIt() .. &quot;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&quot;;
            end
        elseif t == T_UNDERSCORE  then formula = formula .. su(&quot;&quot;, x:gsub(&quot;-&quot;, &quot;−&quot;):sub(3, -2)) -- x contains _{string}
        elseif t == T_CARET       then formula = formula .. su(x:gsub(&quot;-&quot;, &quot;−&quot;):sub(3, -2), &quot;&quot;) -- x contains ^{string}
        elseif t == T_ARROW_R     then formula = formula .. &quot; → &quot;
        elseif t == T_ARROW_EQ    then formula = formula .. &quot; ⇌ &quot;
        elseif t == T_NOCHANGE    then formula = formula .. x;  -- The rest - everything which isn't captured by the regular expresions.
        else error('unreachable - ???') end -- in fact, unreachable
    end

    if not (link == nil or link == '') then formula = formula .. &quot;]]&quot;; end   -- wikilink closing ]]
    formula = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Chem2/styles.css&quot;/&gt;') ..
        '&lt;span class=&quot;chemf nowrap&quot;&gt;' .. formula .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
    if args[2] or args[3] or args[4] then
        formula = formula .. require('Module:If preview')._warning{
'&amp;#123;&amp;#123;chem2&amp;#125;&amp;#125; was called with multiple positional arguments. It should have just one, e.g. &amp;#123;&amp;#123;chem2&amp;#124;H2O&amp;#125;&amp;#125;.'
        }
    end
    return formula
end

function p.chem(frame)
    local args = getArgs(frame)
    return p._chem(args)
end

-- PRIVATE function to generate documentation.
function p._autodoc(frame)
	local TableTools = require('Module:TableTools') -- we don't want to load this on articles for no reason
	local result = {
		'===Elements and element-style symbols===\nThese may be automatically linked or used as if they were redirects.\n',
		'{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;\n! Symbol !! Link target\n'
	}
	for symbol, target in TableTools.sortedPairs(am) do
		result[#result + 1] = ('|-\n| %s || [[%s]]\n'):format(symbol, target)
	end
	result[#result + 1] = '|}\n===Groups===\nThese must be linked manually; they work as if they were redirects.\n'
	result[#result + 1] = '{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;\n! Symbol !! Link target\n'
	for symbol, target in TableTools.sortedPairs(groups) do
		result[#result + 1] = ('|-\n| %s || [[%s]]\n'):format(symbol, target)
	end
	result[#result + 1] = '|}'
	return table.concat(result)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>hnnedxnfllpi3jxr91gtwknff3p9aba</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Chem2/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50806</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305138</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:50:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: .template-chem2-su { /* {{pp-template}} */ 	display: inline-block; 	font-size: 80%; 	line-height: 1; 	vertical-align: -0.35em; }  .template-chem2-su &gt; span { 	display: block; 	text-align: left; }  /* Ignore the linter error about this selector being &quot;overqualified&quot;; this is the    correct selector to override the default stylesheet. */ sub.template-chem2-sub { 	font-size: 80%; 	vertical-align: -0.35em; }  sup.template-chem2-sup { 	font-size: 80%; 	vertical-align: 0.65em; }</comment>
      <origin>305138</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="477" sha1="56pynp5q8aqz3wlx3ai41hae9624pqq" xml:space="preserve">.template-chem2-su { /* {{pp-template}} */
	display: inline-block;
	font-size: 80%;
	line-height: 1;
	vertical-align: -0.35em;
}

.template-chem2-su &gt; span {
	display: block;
	text-align: left;
}

/* Ignore the linter error about this selector being &quot;overqualified&quot;; this is the
   correct selector to override the default stylesheet. */
sub.template-chem2-sub {
	font-size: 80%;
	vertical-align: -0.35em;
}

sup.template-chem2-sup {
	font-size: 80%;
	vertical-align: 0.65em;
}</text>
      <sha1>56pynp5q8aqz3wlx3ai41hae9624pqq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Chem2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50807</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305139</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:52:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305139</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1087" sha1="ri7kiwu2rce0vpg1hvv1f58xvuek2r3" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Chem2|chem}}&lt;!--

 1. CHECK: checkFUP regular (parameters |1= and |2= are whitelisted)
--&gt;{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check
||showblankpositional=1
|unknown={{main other|1=[[Category:Pages using Chem2 with parameter issues|*]]|2=}}
|preview=[[:Template:Chem2]]: Unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;
|link|auto|1|2}}&lt;!-- 1, 2 accepted parameters; see also below

 2. CHECK: param |2= has input
--&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&lt;!--
--&gt;{{preview warning|1=Parameter {{para|1=2|2={{{2|}}}}} must be empty}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{main other|1=[[Category:Pages using Chem2 with parameter issues]]}} }}&lt;!-- end of 2=hasinput check

 3. CHECK {} brackets unbalanced (includes imbalance through end-}-bracket misreading issue)
--&gt;{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{{1|}}}|pattern={[^%}]*$|plain=false|nomatch=|ignore_errors=true}}|&lt;!--
--&gt;{{preview warning|1=[[:Template:Chem2]]: Unbalanced &lt;nowiki&gt;{..}&lt;/nowiki&gt; brackets (consider using extra {{!}} pipe)}}&lt;!-- 
--&gt;{{main other|1=[[Category:Pages using Chem2 with parameter issues|B]]|2=}} }}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation|1=Template:Chem2/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ri7kiwu2rce0vpg1hvv1f58xvuek2r3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Sports results</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305140</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:53:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: -- Module to build results cross-tables for standings in Sports -- See documentation for details  require('strict')  local p = {}  -- Main function function p.main(frame) 	-- Get the args, stripping out blank values 	local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs 	local Args = getArgs(frame, {parentFirst = true})  	-- Exit early if we are using section transclusion for a different section 	local tsection = frame:getParent().args['transcludesection'] or frame:getParent().args...</comment>
      <origin>305140</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="17838" sha1="sy5lbbacds5i9vylcgee7b7365gc6dp" xml:space="preserve">-- Module to build results cross-tables for standings in Sports
-- See documentation for details

require('strict')

local p = {}

-- Main function
function p.main(frame)
	-- Get the args, stripping out blank values
	local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
	local Args = getArgs(frame, {parentFirst = true})

	-- Exit early if we are using section transclusion for a different section
	local tsection = frame:getParent().args['transcludesection'] or frame:getParent().args['section'] or ''
	local bsection = frame.args['section'] or ''
	if( tsection ~= '' and bsection ~= '' ) then
		if( tsection ~= bsection ) then
			return ''
		end
	end

	-- Declare locals
	local t = {}
	local t_footer = {}
	local t_return = {}
	local team_list = {}
	local notes_exist = false
	local ii, ii_fw, bg_col, team_name, team_code_ii, ii_start, ii_end
	-- Optional custom team header
	local team_header = Args['team_header'] or 'Home \\ Away'
	-- Number of legs
	local legs = tonumber(Args['legs']) or 1
	local multirowlegs = (Args['multirowlegs'] or 'no') ~= 'no'

	-- Edit links if requested
	local baselink = frame:getParent():getTitle()
	if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().fullText == baselink then	baselink = '' end
	local template_name = Args['template_name']
		or (baselink ~= '' and (':' .. baselink))
		or ''
	local edit_links = template_name == '' and ''
		or require('Module:Navbar')._navbar({
			template_name,
			mini=1,
			style='float:right'
		})

	-- Get the custom start point for the table (most will start by default at 1)
	local top_pos = tonumber(Args['highest_pos']) or 1
	-- Get the custom end point for the table (unrestricted if bottom_pos is &lt; top_pos)
	local bottom_pos = tonumber(Args['lowest_pos']) or 0
	local N_teams = top_pos - 1 -- Default to 0 at start, but higher number needed to skip certain entries

	-- Load some other modules
	local p_sub = require('Module:Sports table/sub')

	-- Alternative syntax for team list
	if Args['team_order'] and Args['team_order'] ~= '' then
		local tlist = mw.text.split(Args['team_order'], '%s*[;,]%s*')
		for k, tname in ipairs(tlist) do
			if tname ~= '' then
				Args['team' .. k] = tname
			end
		end
	end

	if Args['team_header_note'] then
		notes_exist=true
		local note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn',
			args = { group='lower-alpha', Args['team_header_note']} }
		team_header = team_header .. note_string
	end

	-- Read in number of consecutive teams (ignore entries after skipping a spot)
	ii_start = N_teams
	while Args['team'..N_teams+1] ~= nil and (bottom_pos &lt; top_pos or N_teams &lt; bottom_pos) do
		N_teams = N_teams+1
		-- Sneakily add it twice to the team_list parameter, once for the actual
		-- ranking, the second for position lookup in sub-tables
		-- This is possible because Lua allows both numbers and strings as indices.
		team_list[N_teams] = Args['team'..N_teams] -- i^th entry is team X
		team_list[Args['team'..N_teams]] = N_teams -- team X entry is position i
	end
	ii_end = N_teams
	-- Get team to show
	local ii_show = team_list[Args['showteam']] -- nil if non-existant

	-- Set the font size
	local font_size=Args['font_size'] or '100%'

	-- Create header
	-- Open table
	table.insert(t,'{|class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:'..font_size..';&quot;\n')
	-- Table title
	if Args['title'] then
		table.insert(t,'|+ ' .. Args['title'] .. '\n')
	end
	-- First column
	t_return.count = 0 			-- Dummy parameter, using subfunction call seems best at this point because both module are intertwined
	t_return.tab_text = t		-- Actual text
	t_return = p_sub.colhead(t_return,'auto', edit_links .. ' ' .. team_header)
	-- Other columns passed to subfunction
	t_return = p.header(t_return,Args,p_sub,N_teams,team_list,legs,multirowlegs)
	t = t_return.tab_text

	-- Random value used for uniqueness
	math.randomseed( os.clock() * 10^8 )
	local rand_val = math.random()

	local note_string, note_id
	local note_id_list = {}

	-- Now create individual rows
	ii_start = tonumber(Args['highest_row']) and (tonumber(Args['highest_row']) &gt; top_pos) and tonumber(Args['highest_row']) or top_pos
	ii_end = tonumber(Args['lowest_row']) and (tonumber(Args['lowest_row']) &lt; N_teams) and tonumber(Args['lowest_row']) or N_teams
	for ii=ii_start,ii_end do
		-- Get team info
		team_code_ii = team_list[ii]
		team_name = Args['name_'..team_code_ii] or team_code_ii
		local ii_style = 'text-align:' .. (Args['team_align'] or 'right') .. ';'
			.. (ii and ii == ii_show and 'font-weight:bold;' or '')
			.. (Args['team_nowrap'] and 'white-space:nowrap;' or '')
		local team_note = Args['note_'..team_code_ii]
		if team_note then
			notes_exist = true
			-- Only when it exist
			-- First check for existence of reference for note
			if not Args['note_'..team_note] then
				-- It's the entry
				-- Add random end for unique ID if more tables are present on article (which might otherwise share an ID)
				note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..team_code_ii..rand_val..'&quot;'
				note_id_list[team_code_ii] = note_id
				note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn',
					args = { group='lower-alpha', name=note_id,  team_note} }
			else
				-- Check for existence elsewhere
				local note_local_num = team_list[team_note] or ii_end + 1
				if note_id_list[team_note] or ((note_local_num &gt;= ii_start) and (note_local_num &lt;= ii_end)) then
					-- It exists
					note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..team_note..rand_val..'&quot;' -- Identifier
					note_string = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'ref',
						args = { group = 'lower-alpha', name = note_id} }
				else
					-- Now define the identifier for this
					-- Add random end for unique ID
					note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..team_note..rand_val..'&quot;'
					note_id_list[team_note] = note_id
					note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn',
						args = { group='lower-alpha', name=note_id, Args['note_'..team_note]} }
				end
			end
			-- Now append this to the team_name string
			team_name = team_name..note_string
		end
		-- Team names
		table.insert(t,'|- \n')  -- New row
		table.insert(t,'! scope=&quot;row&quot;'.. (multirowlegs and ' rowspan=' .. legs or '') 
			.. 'style=&quot;'.. ii_style ..'&quot;| '..team_name..'\n')  -- Position number

		-- Now include note to match results if needed
		for jj=top_pos,N_teams do
			local team_code_jj = team_list[jj]
			if ii == jj then
				-- Nothing
			else
				for l=1,legs do
					local m = (legs == 1) and 'match_' or 'match' .. l .. '_'
					local match_note = Args[m ..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj..'_note']
					if match_note then
						notes_exist = true
						-- Only when it exist
						-- First check for existence of reference for note
						if not (Args['note_'..match_note] or Args[m ..match_note..'_note']) then
							-- It's the entry
							-- Add random end for unique ID if more tables are present on article (which might otherwise share an ID)
							note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..l..&quot;_&quot;..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj..rand_val..'&quot;'
							note_id_list[team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj] = note_id
							note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn',
								args = { group='lower-alpha', name=note_id,  match_note} }
						else
							-- Check for existence elsewhere
							local note_local_num = team_list[match_note] or ii_end + 1
							if note_id_list[match_note] then
								-- Referencing an existing note
								note_id = note_id_list[match_note] -- Borrow the existing identifier
								note_string = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'ref',
									args = { group = 'lower-alpha', name = note_id} }
							elseif (note_local_num &gt;= ii_start) and (note_local_num &lt;= ii_end) then
								-- Referencing a player note from a match note. In this case, we remove the leg part
								note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..match_note..rand_val..'&quot;'
								note_string = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'ref',
									args = { group = 'lower-alpha', name = note_id} }
							else
								-- Referencing a different match note before its defined with its content
								note_id = '&quot;table_note_'..l..&quot;_&quot;..match_note..rand_val..'&quot;'
								note_id_list[match_note] = note_id
								note_string = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'efn',
									args = { group='lower-alpha', name=note_id, Args['note_'..match_note]} }
							end
						end
						-- Now append this to the match result string
						Args[m..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj] = (Args[m..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj] or '–')..note_string
					end
				end
			end
		end
		-- Then individual results
		t = p.row(t,Args,N_teams,team_list,ii,ii_show,legs,multirowlegs)
	end

	-- Close table
	table.insert(t, '|}\n')

	-- Get info for footer
	local update = Args['update']
		or 'unknown'
	local start_date = Args['start_date']
		or 'unknown'
	local source = Args['source']
		or frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'citation needed',
			args = { reason='No source parameter defined', date=os.date('%B %Y') } }

	-- Create footer text
	-- Date updating
	if string.lower(update)=='complete' then
		-- Do nothing
	elseif update=='' then
		-- Empty parameter
		table.insert(t_footer,'Updated to match(es) played on unknown. ')
	elseif string.lower(update)=='future' then
		-- Future start date
		table.insert(t_footer,'First match(es) will be played: '..start_date..'. ')
	else
		table.insert(t_footer,'Updated to match(es) played on '..update..'. ')
	end
	table.insert(t_footer,'Source: '..source)
	if (Args['matches_style'] or '') == 'FBR' then
		table.insert(t_footer, Args['team_header']
			and '&lt;br /&gt;Legend: Blue = left column team win; Yellow = draw; Red = top row team win.'
			or '&lt;br /&gt;Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.')
	elseif (Args['matches_style'] or '') == 'BSR' then
		table.insert(t_footer, Args['team_header']
			and '&lt;br /&gt;Legend: Blue = left column team win; Red = top row team win.'
			or '&lt;br /&gt;Legend: Blue = home team win; Red = away team win.')
	end
	if Args['a_note'] then
		table.insert(t_footer, '&lt;br /&gt;For upcoming matches, an &quot;a&quot; indicates there is an article about the rivalry between the two participants.')
	end
	if Args['ot_note'] then
		table.insert(t_footer, '&lt;br /&gt;Matches with lighter background shading were decided after overtime.')
	end

	local templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{
		name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Sports results/styles.css' }
	}

	-- Add notes (if applicable)
	if notes_exist then
		table.insert(t_footer,'&lt;br&gt;Notes:')
		t_footer = templatestyles .. '&lt;div class=&quot;sports-results-notes&quot;&gt;'..table.concat(t_footer)..'&lt;/div&gt;'
		t_footer = t_footer..frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'notelist', args = { group='lower-alpha'} }
	else
		t_footer = templatestyles .. '&lt;div class=&quot;sports-results-notes&quot;&gt;'..table.concat(t_footer)..'&lt;/div&gt;'
	end

	-- Add footer to main text table
	table.insert(t,t_footer)

	-- Rewrite anchor links
	for k=1,#t do
		if t[k]:match('%[%[#[^%[%]]*%|') then
			t[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(t[k], '(%[%[)(#[^%[%]]*%|)', '%1' .. baselink .. '%2')
		end
	end

	return '&lt;div style=&quot;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;'
		.. '&lt;div class=&quot;noresize overflowbugx&quot; style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;\n'
		.. table.concat(t) .. '&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'
end

-- Other functions
local function get_short_name(s, t, n, ss)
	-- return short name if defined
	if s and s ~= '' then
		return s
	end
	-- deflag if necessary
	if ss and n then
		if ss == 'noflag' then
			n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '%[%[[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^%[%]]*%]%]', '')
			n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '^%s*&amp;nbsp;%s*', '')
		elseif ss == 'flag' then
			n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '(&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;%s*%[%[[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^%[%]]*link=)[^%|%[%]]*(%]%][^&lt;&gt;]*&lt;/span&gt;)%s*%[%[([^%[%]%|]*)%|[^%[%]]*%]%]', '%1%3%2')
			n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '(%[%[[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^%[%]]*link=)[^%|%[%]]*(%]%])%s*&amp;nbsp;%s*%[%[([^%[%]%|]*)%|[^%[%]]*%]%]', '%1%3%2')
			n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '(%[%[[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^%[%]]*link=)[^%|%[%]]*(%]%])%s*%[%[([^%[%]%|]*)%|[^%[%]]*%]%]', '%1%3%2')
			n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '.*(&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;%s*%[%[[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^%[%]]*%]%][^&lt;&gt;]*&lt;/span&gt;).*', '%1')
			n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '.*(%[%[[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^%[%]]*%]%]).*', '%1')
			n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;)', '%1')
		end
	end

	-- replace link text in name with team abbr if possible
	if n and t and n:match('(%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%])') then
		n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '(%[%[[^%|%]]*%|)[^%|%]]*(%]%])', '%1' .. t .. '%2')
		n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '(%[%[[^%|%]]*)(%]%])', '%1|' .. t .. '%2')
		n = mw.ustring.gsub(n, '(%[%[[^%|%]]*%|)([A-Z][A-Z][A-Z])(%]%])&amp;nbsp;&lt;span[^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;%([A-Z][A-Z][A-Z]%)&lt;/span&gt;', '%1%2%3')
		return n
	end
	-- nothing worked, so just return the unlinked team abbr
	return t or ''
end

local function get_score_background(s, c)
	local s1, s2
	-- Define the colouring
	local wc, lc, tc
	if c == 'level2' then
	wc, lc, tc = '#CCF9FF', '#FCC', '#FFC' -- blue2, red2, yellow2
	elseif c == 'level3' then
	wc, lc, tc = '#DDFCFF', '#FDD', '#FFD' -- blue3, red3, yellow3
	elseif c == 'level4' then
	wc, lc, tc = '#EEFFFF', '#FEE', '#FFE' -- blue4, red4, yellow4
	else
	wc, lc, tc = '#BBF3FF', '#FBB', '#FFB' -- blue1, red1, yellow1
	end

	-- check for override
	if s:match('^%s*&lt;span%s+style%s*=[&quot;\'%s]*background[%-colr]*%s*:([^\'&quot;;&lt;&gt;]*).-$') then
		local c = mw.ustring.gsub(s,'^%s*&lt;span%s+style%s*=[&quot;\'%s]*background[%-colr]*%s*:([^\'&quot;;&lt;&gt;]*).-$', '%1')
		return 'background: ' .. c ..';'
	end

	-- delink if necessary
	if s:match('^%s*%[%[[^%[%]]*%|([^%[%]]*)%]%]') then
		s = s:match('^%s*%[%[[^%[%]]*%|([^%[%]]*)%]%]')
	end
	if s:match('^%s*%[[^%[%]%s]*%s([^%[%]]*)%]') then
		s = s:match('^%s*%[[^%[%]%s]*%s([^%[%]]*)%]')
	end
	if s:match('&lt;span[^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;(.-)&lt;/span&gt;') then
		s = s:match('&lt;span[^&lt;&gt;]*&gt;(.-)&lt;/span&gt;')
	end

	-- get the scores
	s1 = tonumber(mw.ustring.gsub( s or '',
		'^%s*([%d%.]+)%s*–%s*([%d%.]+).*', '%1' ) or '') or ''
	s2 = tonumber(mw.ustring.gsub( s or '',
		'^%s*([%d%.]+)%s*–%s*([%d%.]+).*', '%2' ) or '') or ''

	-- return colouring if possible
	if s1 ~= '' and s2 ~= '' then
		return (s1 &gt; s2) and ('background: ' .. wc .. ';') 
			or ((s2 &gt; s1) and ('background: ' .. lc .. ';')
				or ('background: ' .. tc .. ';'))
	else
		return ''
	end
end

local function format_score(s)
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(s or '', '^%s*([%d%.]+)%s*[–−—%-]%s*([%d%.]+)', '%1–%2')
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*([%d%.]+)%s*&amp;[MmNn][Dd][Aa][Ss][Hh];%s*([%d%.]+)', '%1–%2')
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(%[%[[^%[%]]*%|[%d%.]+)%s*%-%s*([%d%.]+)', '%1–%2')
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(%[[^%[%]%s]*%s+[%d%.]+)%s*%-%s*([%d%.]+)', '%1–%2')
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(%[%[[^%[%]]*%|[%d%.]+)%s*&amp;[MmNn][Dd][Aa][Ss][Hh];%s*([%d%.]+)', '%1–%2')
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(%[[^%[%]%s]*%s+[%d%.]+)%s*&amp;[MmNn][Dd][Aa][Ss][Hh];%s*([%d%.]+)', '%1–%2')
	return s
end

function p.header(tt,Args,p_sub,N_teams,team_list,legs,multirowlegs)
	local ii, team_code_ii, short_name
	legs = legs or 1

	-- Set match column width
	local col_width = Args['match_col_width'] or '28'

	-- Get some default values in case it doesn't start at 1
	local top_pos = tonumber(Args['highest_pos']) or 1

	for l=1,legs do
		if multirowlegs and l &gt; 1 then
			break
		end
		for ii=top_pos,N_teams do
			team_code_ii = team_list[ii]
			short_name = get_short_name(Args['short_'..team_code_ii],
				team_code_ii, Args['name_'..team_code_ii], Args['short_style'] or '')
			local bl = legs &gt; 1 and ii == top_pos and ' style=&quot;border-left:2px solid #aaa;&quot;' or ''
			tt = p_sub.colhead(tt,col_width .. bl,short_name)
		end
	end
	return tt
end

function p.row(tt,Args,N_teams,team_list,ii,ii_show,legs,multirowlegs)
	-- Note ii is the row number being shown
	local jj, fw, bg, result, result_extra, team_code_ii, team_code_jj
	legs = legs or 1

	-- Set score cell style
	local matches_style = Args['matches_style'] or ''

	team_code_ii = team_list[ii]

	-- Get some default values in case it doesn't start at 1
	local top_pos = tonumber(Args['highest_pos']) or 1
	for l=1,legs do
		if multirowlegs and l &gt; 1 then
			table.insert(tt,'|- \n')  -- New row
		end
		for jj=top_pos,N_teams do
			team_code_jj = team_list[jj]
			local m = (legs == 1) and 'match_' or 'match' .. l .. '_'
			result = Args[m..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj] or ''
			result_extra = Args['result_'..team_code_ii..'_'..team_code_jj] or ''
			local bl = legs &gt; 1 and jj == top_pos and 'border-left:2px solid #aaa;' or ''

			if ii == jj or result == 'null' then
				-- Solid cell
				fw = 'font-weight:' .. (ii==ii_show and 'bold' or 'normal') .. ';'
				bg = ''

				-- Grey background color for solid cell
				if Args['solid_cell'] == 'grey' then
					table.insert(tt,'| style=&quot;'..fw..bl..'background:#bbb;&quot; |\n')
				else
					table.insert(tt,'| style=&quot;'..fw..bl..bg..'&quot; | &amp;mdash;\n')
				end
			else
				-- Content cell
				-- Set bolding and background
				fw = 'font-weight:' .. ((ii==ii_show or jj == ii_show) and 'bold' or 'normal') .. ';'
				bg = ''

				-- Reformat dashes
				if result ~= '' then
					result = format_score(result)
				end
				-- Background coloring if enabled
				if matches_style == 'FBR' and result ~= '' then
					if result_extra == 'OT' then
						bg = get_score_background(result,'level2')
					elseif result_extra == 'PK' then
						bg = get_score_background(result,'level3')
					else
						bg = get_score_background(result,'')
					end
				elseif matches_style == 'BSR' and result ~= '' then
					if result_extra == 'OT' then
						bg = get_score_background(result,'level3')
					elseif result_extra == 'OTL' then
						bg = get_score_background('0–1','level3')
					elseif result_extra == 'OTW' then
						bg = get_score_background('1–0','level3')
					elseif result_extra == 'L' then
						bg = get_score_background('0–1','')
					elseif result_extra == 'W' then
						bg = get_score_background('1–0','')
					else
						bg = get_score_background(result,'')
					end
				end
				table.insert(tt,'| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;'..fw..bl..bg..'&quot; |'..result..'\n')
			end
		end
	end

	return tt
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>sy5lbbacds5i9vylcgee7b7365gc6dp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Sports results/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50809</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305141</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:54:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: /* same as reflist base style */ .sports-results-notes { 	font-size: 90%; 	margin-bottom: 0.5em; }</comment>
      <origin>305141</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="98" sha1="rapy1zdqac8grmel7j0flqsks9qdta3" xml:space="preserve">/* same as reflist base style */
.sports-results-notes {
	font-size: 90%;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}</text>
      <sha1>rapy1zdqac8grmel7j0flqsks9qdta3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cbb link</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305143</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:57:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305143</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1434" sha1="2rjwxtq7wxz347892n2w1liekrtmay6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifexist:{{{1|{{str left|{{{year}}}|4}}}}}–{{padleft:{{#expr:({{{1|{{str left|{{{year}}}|4}}}}}+1) {{#ifeq:{{{1|{{str left|{{{year}}}|4}}}}}|1999||mod 100}}}}|2}} {{{team}}} {{#switch:{{lc:{{{sex}}}}}|f|female|w|women|womens|women's=women's|none=|#default=men's}} basketball team|[[{{{1|{{str left|{{{year}}}|4}}}}}–{{padleft:{{#expr:({{{1|{{str left|{{{year}}}|4}}}}}+1) {{#ifeq:{{{1|{{str left|{{{year}}}|4}}}}}|1999||mod 100}}}}|2}} {{{team}}} {{#switch:{{lc:{{{sex}}}}}|f|female|w|women|womens|women's=women's|none=|#default=men's}} basketball team{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{!}}{{{title}}}|}}]]{{#ifeq:{{{cat|}}}|no||[[Category:Excessive uses of cbb link]]}}
 |{{#ifexist:{{{team}}} {{#switch:{{lc:{{{sex}}}}}|f|female|w|women|womens|women's=women's|none=|#default=men's}} basketball
 |[[{{{team}}} {{#switch:{{lc:{{{sex}}}}}|f|female|w|women|womens|women's=women's|none=
   |#default=men's}} basketball{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{!}}{{{title}}}|}}]]
   |{{#ifexist:{{{team}}} basketball
     |[[{{{team}}} basketball{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{!}}{{{title}}}|}}]]
     |{{#ifexist:{{{team}}}
       |[[{{{team}}}{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{!}}{{{title}}}|}}]]
       |[[{{{school}}}{{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{!}}{{{title}}}|}}]]{{#if:{{{school|}}}||[[Category:College sports link error]]}}
      }}
    }}
  }}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}&lt;!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2rjwxtq7wxz347892n2w1liekrtmay6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Pop density</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305144</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T13:59:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: -- -- This module implements {{Pop density}} -- local p = {} local math_module = require( &quot;Module:Math&quot; ) local precision = math_module._precision local sortkey = require( &quot;Module:Sortkey&quot; )  local function rnd(num, digits) 	-- This function implements {{rnd}} 	return math_module._precision_format(tostring(num), tostring(digits)) end local unitnames = { 	[&quot;km²&quot;] = &quot;km2&quot;, 	[&quot;sqkm&quot;] = &quot;km2&quot;, 	[&quot;km2&quot;] = &quot;km2&quot;, 	[&quot;mi2&quot;] = &quot;sqmi&quot;, 	[&quot;sqmi&quot;] = &quot;sqmi&quot;, 	[&quot;acres&quot;] = &quot;acre&quot;, 	[&quot;acre&quot;] =...</comment>
      <origin>305144</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4090" sha1="ngsaklpof4udft5lkx0zbofcyqqvgit" xml:space="preserve">--
-- This module implements {{Pop density}}
--
local p = {}
local math_module = require( &quot;Module:Math&quot; )
local precision = math_module._precision
local sortkey = require( &quot;Module:Sortkey&quot; )

local function rnd(num, digits)
	-- This function implements {{rnd}}
	return math_module._precision_format(tostring(num), tostring(digits))
end
local unitnames = {
	[&quot;km²&quot;] = &quot;km2&quot;,
	[&quot;sqkm&quot;] = &quot;km2&quot;,
	[&quot;km2&quot;] = &quot;km2&quot;,
	[&quot;mi2&quot;] = &quot;sqmi&quot;,
	[&quot;sqmi&quot;] = &quot;sqmi&quot;,
	[&quot;acres&quot;] = &quot;acre&quot;,
	[&quot;acre&quot;] = &quot;acre&quot;,
	[&quot;ha&quot;] = &quot;ha&quot;,
	[&quot;dunam&quot;] = &quot;dunam&quot;,
	[&quot;m²&quot;] = &quot;m2&quot;,
	[&quot;sqm&quot;] = &quot;m2&quot;,
	[&quot;m2&quot;] = &quot;m2&quot;
}
local unitmult = {
	[&quot;km2&quot;] = 1000000,
	[&quot;sqmi&quot;] = 2589988.110336,
	[&quot;acre&quot;] = 4046.8564224,
	[&quot;ha&quot;] = 10000,
	[&quot;dunam&quot;] = 1000,
	[&quot;m2&quot;] = 1
}
local unitstr = {
	[&quot;km2&quot;] = 'km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;',
	[&quot;sqmi&quot;] = 'sq&amp;nbsp;mi',
	[&quot;acre&quot;] = 'acre',
	[&quot;ha&quot;] = 'ha',
	[&quot;dunam&quot;] = 'dunam',
	[&quot;m2&quot;] = 'm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'
}

local function popdensity(pop, area1, areaunit1, areaunit2, prec, disp, flip)
	local dens1, dens1sort, prec1
	local dens2, dens2sort, prec2
	local str1, str2 = '', ''
	local uniterror = '&lt;sup&gt;[[Template:Pop density|?Unknown unit?]]&lt;/sup&gt;[[Category:Pop density using unsupported units]]'
	
	if(pop ~= '' and area1 ~= '') then
		-- pop and area are defined
		local popnum = tonumber(pop)
		if not popnum then
			error(string.format('Unable to convert population &quot;%s&quot; to a number', pop), 2)
		end
		local area1num = tonumber(area1)
		if not area1num then
			error(string.format('Unable to convert area &quot;%s&quot; to a number', area1), 2)
		end
		local dens1num = popnum/area1num
		
		local unit1 = unitnames[areaunit1] or nil
		local unit2 = unitnames[areaunit2] or nil
		
		prec1 = (prec ~= '') and tonumber(prec) 
			or (1+math.log10(2*area1/(1/10^precision(pop)+pop/area1/10^precision(area1))))
		dens1 = rnd(dens1num, math.floor(prec1 + 0.5))
		dens1sort = '&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;'
			.. sortkey._sortKeyForNumber(dens1num) .. '♠&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
		if (unit1) then
			str1 = '/' .. unitstr[unit1]
			if(unit2) then
				-- convert
				local mult = unitmult[unit2]/unitmult[unit1]
				prec2 = prec1 - math.log10(mult)
				dens2 = rnd(dens1num*mult, math.floor(prec2 + 0.5))
				dens2sort = '&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot; data-sort-value=&quot;'
					.. sortkey._sortKeyForNumber(dens1num*mult) .. '♠&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
				str2 = '/' .. unitstr[unit2]
			elseif(areaunit2 ~= '') then
				if( disp ~= 'num' ) then
					dens2 = '?'
				else
					dens2 = '?' .. uniterror
				end
				str2 = '/' .. areaunit2 .. uniterror
			end
		elseif(areaunit1 ~= '') then
			if( disp ~= 'num' ) then
				dens2 = '?'
			else
				dens2 = '?' .. uniterror
			end
			if(unit2) then
				str2 = '/' .. unitstr[unit2]
			elseif(areaunit2 ~= '') then
				str2 = '/' .. areaunit2 .. uniterror				
			end
			str1 = '/' .. areaunit1 .. uniterror
		end

		-- form output
		if( str2 ~= '' ) then
			-- has a converted unit
			if( disp ~= 'num' and disp ~= 'table' ) then
				-- display input and output density numbers with units
				if( flip == 'on' ) then
					return (dens2sort or '') .. dens2 .. str2 .. ' (' .. dens1 .. str1 .. ')'
				else
					return (dens1sort or '') .. dens1 .. str1 .. ' (' .. dens2 .. str2 .. ')'
				end
			elseif( disp == 'table') then
				dens1 = (dens1sort or '') .. dens1
				dens2 = (dens2sort or '') .. dens2
				return pop .. '||' .. area1 .. '||' .. dens1 .. '||' .. dens2
			else
				-- display output density number without unit
				return dens2
			end
		else
			-- no converted unit
			if( disp ~= 'num' and disp ~= 'table' ) then
				-- display input density number with unit 
				return (dens1sort or '') .. dens1 .. str1 
			elseif( disp == 'table') then
				return pop .. '||' .. area1 .. '||' ..(dens1sort or '') .. dens1
			else
				-- display input density number without unit
				return dens1
			end
		end
	end
	return ''
end

function p.density(frame)
	local args = (frame.args[3] ~= nil) and frame.args or frame:getParent().args
	return popdensity(
		args[1] or '', args[2] or '', args[3] or '', args[4] or '', 
		args['prec'] or '', args['disp'] or '', args['flip'] or ''
		)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>ngsaklpof4udft5lkx0zbofcyqqvgit</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50812</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305145</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T14:02:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: {{#if:{{{bottom|}}}||&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Current events/styles.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;current-events&quot;&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}&lt;10|&lt;div id=&quot;{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|}}}}}_0{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}} &lt;div role=&quot;region&quot; aria-label=&quot;{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}} {{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}&quot; id=&quot;{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}}_{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}&quot; class=&quot;curren...</comment>
      <origin>305145</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3874" sha1="n6qtplfn1k8pet3tvwzyzqnrj9shj6v" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{bottom|}}}||&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Current events/styles.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;current-events&quot;&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}&lt;10|&lt;div id=&quot;{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|}}}}}_0{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}}
&lt;div role=&quot;region&quot; aria-label=&quot;{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}} {{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}&quot; id=&quot;{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}}_{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}&quot; class=&quot;current-events-main vevent&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;current-events-heading plainlinks&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;current-events-title&quot; role=&quot;heading&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
         --&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;{{Start date|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}|{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}}} {{#ifexpr:({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}&gt;1969)and({{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}&lt;2038)|({{#time:l|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}}})}}&lt;/span&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Portal|[[Category:{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} by day|{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}} {{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}}}]]}}
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;ul class=&quot;current-events-navbar editlink noprint&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
         --&gt;&lt;li&gt;[{{fullurl:Portal:Current events/{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}} {{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|action=edit&amp;editintro=Portal:Current_events/Edit_instructions}} wax ka beddel]&lt;/li&gt;&lt;!--
         --&gt;&lt;li&gt;[{{fullurl:Portal:Current events/{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}}_{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|action=history}} taariikh]&lt;/li&gt;&lt;!--
         --&gt;&lt;li&gt;[{{fullurl:Portal:Current events/{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}}_{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|action=watch}} saacad]&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;current-events-content description&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
     --&gt;{{#if:{{{top|}}}||{{#invoke:string|replace|plain=false
            |source=&lt;nowiki /&gt;&lt;!-- force newline --&gt;
&lt;!--         --&gt;{{{content|}}}
            |pattern=%c;([%w%p ]*)
            |replace=&lt;nowiki /&gt;&lt;!-- force newline --&gt;
                &lt;div class=&quot;current-events-content-heading&quot; role=&quot;heading&quot;&gt;%1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--
        --&gt;}}}}}}{{#if:{{{top|}}}||&lt;!--
    --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Portal:Current events/{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}} {{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|
    &lt;div class=&quot;current-events-nav&quot; role=&quot;navigation&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div&gt;[[Portal:Current events/{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}} {{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}|Month&lt;div&gt;{{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}} {{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--
     --&gt;[[Portal:Current events/{{extract|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|add=-1d|show=%{year} %{monthname} %{day} }}|Previous day&lt;div&gt;{{extract|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|add=-1d|show=%{monthname} %{day} }}&lt;/div&gt;]]&lt;!--
     --&gt;[[Portal:Current events/{{extract|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|add=+1d|show=%{year} %{monthname} %{day} }}|Next day&lt;div&gt;{{extract|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}-{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}-{{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|add=+1d|show=%{monthname} %{day} }}&lt;/div&gt;]]&lt;!--
 --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;}}{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{FULLPAGENAME}}|pattern=Portal:Current events/%d%d%d%d %u%l+ %d%d? |ignore_errors=true}}|{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|{{{year|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{month|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}}} {{#expr:{{{day|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}}*1}}|&lt;!--Template is being used correctly--&gt;|[[Category:Pages using Current events with invalid parameters]]}}}}&lt;!-- close class=&quot;current-events&quot;
--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n6qtplfn1k8pet3tvwzyzqnrj9shj6v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50813</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305146</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T14:03:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: .current-events-main { 	margin: 0.5em 0; 	padding: 0.3em; 	background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff);     color: inherit; 	border: 1px #cef2e0 solid; }  .current-events-heading { 	background-color: #cef2e0;     color: inherit; 	font-weight: bold; }  @media screen { 	html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .current-events-heading { 		background-color: #0b281a; 	} }  @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { 	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .current-events-heading { 		back...</comment>
      <origin>305146</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="1549" sha1="p5gb2a2confph53gcfuw4c81hgh6toy" xml:space="preserve">.current-events-main {
	margin: 0.5em 0;
	padding: 0.3em;
	background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff);
    color: inherit;
	border: 1px #cef2e0 solid;
}

.current-events-heading {
	background-color: #cef2e0;
    color: inherit;
	font-weight: bold;
}

@media screen {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .current-events-heading {
		background-color: #0b281a;
	}
}

@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .current-events-heading {
		background-color: #0b281a;
	}
}

.current-events-title {
	padding: 0.4em;
}

.current-events-navbar {
	list-style: none;
	margin: 0;
	font-size: small;
}

.current-events-navbar li {
	display: inline-block;
	padding: 0 0.4em;
}

.current-events-content {
	padding: 0 0.3em;
}

.current-events-content-heading {
	margin-top: 0.3em;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.current-events-more {
	border-width: 2px;
	font-size: 10pt;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding: 0.3em 0.6em;
}

.current-events-nav {
	margin: auto;
	text-align: center;
	line-height: 1.2;
}

.current-events-nav a {
	display: inline-block;
	margin: 0.5em;
	padding: 0.5em;
	background-color: var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0);
}

.current-events-nav a &gt; div {
	font-weight: bold;
}

@media all and (min-width: 480px) {
	.current-events-heading {
		align-items: center;
		display: flex;
	}
	
	.current-events-title {
		flex: 1;
	}
	
	.current-events-navbar {
		flex: 0 auto;
		text-align: right;
		white-space: nowrap;
	}
	
	.current-events-nav {
		max-width: 22em;
	}
	
	.current-events-nav a {
		width: 9em;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>p5gb2a2confph53gcfuw4c81hgh6toy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Piechart</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>50814</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305147</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T14:07:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: local p = {} local priv = {} -- private functions scope -- expose private for easy testing/debugging p.__priv = priv  -- require exact colors for printing local forPrinting = &quot;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;&quot; --[===[ 	Smooth piechart module.  	Draws charts in HTML with an accessible legend (optional). 	A list of all features is in the &quot;TODO&quot; section of the main `p.pie` function.  	Module info: 	- Changelog and TODO: [[:en:User:Nux/pie_chart_-_todo]]...</comment>
      <origin>305147</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="27220" sha1="5a2e4p8q73hkjbbcynl6xpn7qd8zdvf" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}
local priv = {} -- private functions scope
-- expose private for easy testing/debugging
p.__priv = priv

-- require exact colors for printing
local forPrinting = &quot;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;&quot;
--[===[
	Smooth piechart module.

	Draws charts in HTML with an accessible legend (optional).
	A list of all features is in the &quot;TODO&quot; section of the main `p.pie` function.

	Module info:
	- Changelog and TODO: [[:en:User:Nux/pie_chart_-_todo]] (Piechart 1.0, 2.0 and beyond).
	- Author: [[:en:User:Nux|Maciej Nux]].

	Use with a helper template that adds required CSS.

	{{{1}}}:
	[
		{ &quot;label&quot;: &quot;pie: $v&quot;, &quot;color&quot;: &quot;wheat&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 40 },
		{ &quot;label&quot;: &quot;cheese pizza $v&quot;, &quot;color&quot;: &quot;#fc0&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 20 },
		{ &quot;label&quot;: &quot;mixed pizza: $v&quot;, &quot;color&quot;: &quot;#f60&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 20 },
		{ &quot;label&quot;: &quot;raw pizza $v&quot;, &quot;color&quot;: &quot;#f30&quot; }
	]
	Where $v is a formatted number (see `function prepareLabel`).

	{{{meta}}}:
		{&quot;size&quot;:200, &quot;autoscale&quot;:false, &quot;legend&quot;:true}

	All meta options are optional (see `function p.setupOptions`).
]===]

--[[
	Debug:
	
	-- labels and auto-value
	local json_data = '[{&quot;label&quot;: &quot;k: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 33.1}, {&quot;label&quot;: &quot;m: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: -1}]'
	local html = p.renderPie(json_data)
	mw.logObject(html)
	
	-- autoscale values
	local json_data = '[{&quot;value&quot;: 700}, {&quot;value&quot;: 300}]'
	local html = p.renderPie(json_data, options)
	mw.logObject(html)	
	
	-- size option
	local json_data = '[{&quot;label&quot;: &quot;k: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 33.1}, {&quot;label&quot;: &quot;m: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: -1}]'
	local options = '{&quot;size&quot;:200}'
	local html = p.renderPie(json_data, options)
	mw.logObject(html)	

	-- custom colors
	local json_data = '[{&quot;label&quot;: &quot;k: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 33.1, &quot;color&quot;:&quot;black&quot;}, {&quot;label&quot;: &quot;m: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: -1, &quot;color&quot;:&quot;green&quot;}]'
	local html = p.renderPie(json_data)
	mw.logObject(html)
	
	-- 4-cuts
	local entries = {
		'{&quot;label&quot;: &quot;ciastka: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 2, &quot;color&quot;:&quot;goldenrod&quot;}',
		'{&quot;label&quot;: &quot;słodycze: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 4, &quot;color&quot;:&quot;darkred&quot;}',
		'{&quot;label&quot;: &quot;napoje: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 1, &quot;color&quot;:&quot;lightblue&quot;}',
		'{&quot;label&quot;: &quot;kanapki: $v&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: 3, &quot;color&quot;:&quot;wheat&quot;}'
	}
	local json_data = '['..table.concat(entries, ',')..']'
	local html = p.renderPie(json_data, '{&quot;autoscale&quot;:true}')
	mw.logObject(html)

	-- colors
	local fr = { args = { &quot; 123 &quot; } }
	local ret = p.color(fr)
]]

--[[
	Color for a slice (defaults).

	{{{1}}}: slice number
]]
function p.color(frame)
	local index = tonumber(priv.trim(frame.args[1]))
	return ' ' .. priv.defaultColor(index)
end

--[===[
	Main pie chart function.
	
	TODO (maybe):
	[[:en:User:Nux/pie_chart_-_todo#Hopes_and_dreams]]
]===]
function p.pie(frame)
	local json_data = priv.trim(frame.args[1])
	local options = {}
	if (frame.args.meta) then
		options.meta = priv.trim(frame.args.meta)
	end

	local html = p.renderPie(json_data, options)

	local check = require('Module:Check for unknown parameters')._check
	local tracking = check({
		['unknown']='[[Category:Pages using pie chart with unknown parameters|_VALUE_ ]]',
		['preview']='Page using [[Template:Pie chart]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;',
		['ignoreblank']='y',
		'1', 'labelformat', 'thumb', 'legend', 'direction', 'autoscale', 'precision', 'ariahidechart', 
		'caption', 'footer', 'radius', 'width', 'other-label', 'other-color', 'other', 'meta',
		regexp1 = 'value[%d]+',
		regexp2 = 'color[%d]+',
		regexp3 = 'label[%d]+'
		}, frame:getParent().args)
	
	return priv.trim(html) .. tracking
end

-- Setup chart options.
function p.setupOptions(user_options)
	local options = {
		-- circle size in [px]
		size = 100,
		-- autoscale values (otherwise assume they sum up to 100)
		autoscale = false,
		-- hide chart for screen readers (when you have a table, forced for legend)
		ariahidechart = false,
		-- show legend (defaults to the left side)
		legend = false,
		-- direction of legend-chart flexbox (flex-direction)
		direction = &quot;&quot;,
		-- width of the main container
		-- when direction is used defaults to max-width, otherwise it's not added
		width = &quot;&quot;,
		-- caption above the labels
		caption = &quot;&quot;,
		-- footer below the labels
		footer = &quot;&quot;,
		-- formatting template for labels
		labelformat = &quot;&quot;,
		-- percentage number formatting precision (number of digits; -1 = automatic mode)
		precision = -1,
	}
	-- internals
	options.style = &quot;&quot;
	if user_options and user_options.meta then
		local decodeSuccess, rawOptions = pcall(function()
			return mw.text.jsonDecode(user_options.meta, mw.text.JSON_TRY_FIXING)
		end)
		if not decodeSuccess then
			rawOptions = false
			mw.log('invalid meta parameters')
		end
		if rawOptions then
			if type(rawOptions.size) == &quot;number&quot; then
				options.size = math.floor(rawOptions.size)
			end
			options.autoscale = rawOptions.autoscale or false 
			if rawOptions.legend then
				options.legend = true
			end
			if rawOptions.ariahidechart then
				options.ariahidechart = true
			end
			if (type(rawOptions.direction) == &quot;string&quot;) then
				-- Remove unsafe/invalid characters
				local sanitized = rawOptions.direction:gsub(&quot;[^a-z0-9%-]&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
				-- also adjust width so that row-reverse won't push things to the right
				options.direction = 'flex-direction: ' .. sanitized .. ';'
				options.width = 'width: max-content;'
			end
			if (type(rawOptions.width) == &quot;string&quot;) then
				-- note, this intentionaly overwrites what was set for direction
				local sanitized = rawOptions.width:gsub(&quot;[^a-z0-9%-]&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
				options.width = 'width: ' .. sanitized .. ';'
			end
			if (type(rawOptions.caption) == &quot;string&quot;) then
				options.caption = rawOptions.caption
			end
			if (type(rawOptions.footer) == &quot;string&quot;) then
				options.footer = rawOptions.footer
			end
			if (type(rawOptions.labelformat) == &quot;string&quot;) then
				options.labelformat = rawOptions.labelformat
			end
			if type(rawOptions.precision) == &quot;number&quot; then
				options.precision = math.floor(rawOptions.precision)
			end
		end
		-- build style
		if options.width ~= &quot;&quot; then
			options.style = options.style .. options.width
		end
		if options.direction ~= &quot;&quot; then
			options.style = options.style .. options.direction
		end
	end
	if (options.legend) then
		options.ariahidechart = true
	end
	return options
end

-- internal for testing legend rendering
p.__priv.legendDebug = false

--[[
	Render piechart.
	
	@param json_data JSON string with pie data.
]]
function p.renderPie(json_data, user_options)
	if type(json_data) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
		error('invalid piechart data type: '..type(json_data))
	end
	if #json_data &lt; 2 then
		error('piechart data is empty')
	end
	local decodeSuccess, data = pcall(function()
		return mw.text.jsonDecode(json_data, mw.text.JSON_TRY_FIXING)
	end)
	-- Handle decode error
	if not decodeSuccess then
		error('invalid piechart data: '..json_data)
	end
	local options = p.setupOptions(user_options)

	-- prepare
	local ok, total = p.prepareEntries(data, options)

	-- init render
	local html = &quot;&lt;div class='smooth-pie-container' style='&quot;..options.style..&quot;'&gt;&quot;

	-- error info
	if not ok then
		html = html .. priv.renderErrors(data)
	end

	-- render legend
	if options.legend then
		html = html .. p.renderLegend(data, options)
	end

	if p.__priv.legendDebug then
		return html
	end

	-- render items
	local header, items, footer = p.renderEntries(ok, total, data, options)
	html = html .. header .. items .. footer

	-- end .smooth-pie-container
	html = html .. &quot;\n&lt;/div&gt;&quot;

	return html
end

function priv.boundaryFormatting(diff)
	local value = 0.0
	if diff &lt;= 1.0 then
		value = math.ceil(diff / 0.2) * 0.2 -- 0.2 step
	else
		value = math.ceil(diff / 0.5) * 0.5 -- 0.5 step
	end
	return string.format(&quot;%.1f&quot;, value)
end

-- Check if sum will trigger autoscaling
function priv.willAutoscale(sum)
	-- Compare with a number larger then 100% to avoid floating-point precision problems
	--- ...and data precision problems https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Pie_chart#c-PrimeHunter-20250420202500-Allow_percentage_sum_slightly_above_100
	local diff = sum - 100
	local grace = 1
	return diff &gt; grace
end
-- Tracking errors in data (note: somewhat expensive, similar to a red link)
-- In short: ±0.3 is a reasonable deviation; ±1 when the errors accumulate
-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Pie_chart#c-Nux-20250429152000-Nux-20250422224600
function priv.sumErrorTracking(sum, items)
	local diff = sum - 100
	if diff &gt;= 0.4 and diff &lt;= 10 then
		local firstItem = items[1]
		local lastItem = items[#items]
		mw.addWarning(&quot;pie chart: Σ (value) = &quot;..sum..&quot;% (&quot;..firstItem.value..&quot; + .. .+ &quot;..lastItem.value..&quot;)&quot;)
		if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then
			local suffix = priv.boundaryFormatting(diff) 
			_ = mw.title.new(&quot;Module:Piechart/tracing/diff below &quot;..suffix).id
		end
	end
end

-- Prepare data (slices etc)
function p.prepareEntries(data, options)
	local sum = priv.sumValues(data);
	-- force autoscale when over 100
	if priv.willAutoscale(sum) then
		options.autoscale = true
	end
	-- pre-format entries
	local ok = true
	local no = 0
	local total = #data
	for index, entry in ipairs(data) do
		no = no + 1
		if not priv.prepareSlice(entry, no, sum, total, options) then
			no = no - 1
			ok = false
		end
	end
	total = no -- total valid

	return ok, total
end

function priv.sumValues(data)
	local sum = 0;
	for _, entry in ipairs(data) do
		local value = entry.value
		if not (type(value) ~= &quot;number&quot; or value &lt; 0) then
			sum = sum + value
		end
	end
	return sum
end

-- render error info
function priv.renderErrors(data)
	local html = &quot;\n&lt;ol class='chart-errors' style='display:none'&gt;&quot;
	for _, entry in ipairs(data) do
		if entry.error then
			local entryJson = mw.text.jsonEncode(entry)
			html = html .. &quot;\n&lt;li&gt;&quot;.. entryJson ..&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&quot;
		end
	end
	return html .. &quot;\n&lt;/ol&gt;\n&quot;
end

-- Prepare single slice data (modifies entry).
-- @param no = 1..total
function priv.prepareSlice(entry, no, sum, total, options)
	local autoscale = options.autoscale
	local value = entry.value
	if (type(value) ~= &quot;number&quot; or value &lt; 0) then
		if autoscale then
			entry.error = &quot;cannot autoscale unknown value&quot;
			return false
		end
		value = 100 - sum
	end
	-- entry.raw only when scaled
	if autoscale then
		entry.raw = value
		value = (value / sum) * 100
	end
	entry.value = value

	-- prepare final label
	entry.label = priv.prepareLabel(options.labelformat, entry, options.precision)
	-- background, but also color for MW syntax linter
	entry.bcolor = priv.backColor(entry, no, total) .. &quot;;color:#000&quot;

	return true
end

-- render legend for pre-processed entries
function p.renderLegend(data, options)
	local html = &quot;&quot;
	if options.caption ~= &quot;&quot; or options.footer ~= &quot;&quot; then
		html = &quot;\n&lt;div class='smooth-pie-legend-container'&gt;&quot;
	end
	if options.caption ~= &quot;&quot; then
		html = html .. &quot;&lt;div class='smooth-pie-caption'&gt;&quot; .. options.caption .. &quot;&lt;/div&gt;&quot;
	end
	html = html .. &quot;\n&lt;ol class='smooth-pie-legend'&gt;&quot;
	for _, entry in ipairs(data) do
		if not entry.error then
			html = html .. priv.renderLegendItem(entry, options)
		end
	end
	html = html .. &quot;\n&lt;/ol&gt;\n&quot;
	if options.footer ~= &quot;&quot; then
		html = html .. &quot;&lt;div class='smooth-pie-footer'&gt;&quot; .. options.footer .. &quot;&lt;/div&gt;&quot;
	end
	if options.caption ~= &quot;&quot; or options.footer ~= &quot;&quot; then
		html = html .. &quot;&lt;/div&gt;\n&quot;
	end
	return html
end
-- render legend item
function priv.renderLegendItem(entry, options)
	-- invisible value (for a11y reasons this should not be used for important values!)
	if entry.visible ~= nil and entry.visible == false then
		return &quot;&quot;
	end

	local label = entry.label
	local bcolor = entry.bcolor
	local html = &quot;\n&lt;li&gt;&quot;
	if p.__priv.legendDebug then
		forPrinting = &quot;&quot;
	end
	html = html .. '&lt;span class=&quot;l-color&quot; style=&quot;'..forPrinting..bcolor..'&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
	html = html .. '&lt;span class=&quot;l-label&quot;&gt;'..label..'&lt;/span&gt;'
	return html .. &quot;&lt;/li&gt;&quot;
end

-- Prepare data (slices etc)
function p.renderEntries(ok, total, data, options)
	-- cache for some items (small slices)
	p.cuts = mw.loadJsonData('Module:Piechart/cuts.json')

	local first = true
	local previous = 0
	local items = &quot;&quot;
	for index, entry in ipairs(data) do
		if not entry.error then
			items = items .. priv.renderItem(previous, entry, options)
			previous = previous + entry.value
		end
	end
	
	local header = priv.renderHeader(options)
	local footer = '\n&lt;div class=&quot;smooth-pie-border&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'

	return header, items, footer
end
-- header of pie-items (class=&quot;smooth-pie&quot;)
function priv.renderHeader(options)
	local bcolor = 'background:#888;color:#000'
	local size = options.size

	-- hide chart for readers, especially when legend is there
	local aria = &quot;&quot;
	if (options.ariahidechart) then
		aria = 'aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot;'
	end

	-- slices container and last slice
	local style = 'width:'..size..'px;height:'..size..'px;'..bcolor..';'..forPrinting
	local html = [[
&lt;div class=&quot;smooth-pie&quot;
	style=&quot;]]..style..[[&quot;
	]]..aria..[[
&gt;]]
	return html
end
-- Render pie-item
-- (previous is a sum of previous values)
function priv.renderItem(previous, entry, options)
	local value = entry.value
	local label = entry.label
	local bcolor = entry.bcolor

	-- value too small to see
	if (value &lt; 0.03) then
		mw.log('value too small', value, label)
		mw.addWarning(&quot;pie chart: Value too small ↆ &quot;..value..&quot;% (&quot;..label..&quot;)&quot;)
		return &quot;&quot;
	end

	-- minimize transformation defects
	if value &lt; 10 then
		if previous &gt; 1 then
			previous = previous - 0.01
		end
		value = value + 0.02
	else
		if previous &gt; 1 then
			previous = previous - 0.1
		end
		value = value + 0.2
	end
	-- force sum to be below 100% (needed due to value errors)
	if previous + value &gt; 100 then
		if previous &gt;= 100 then
			mw.log('previous is already at 100', value, label)
			return &quot;&quot;
		end
		value = 100 - previous
	end

	local html =  &quot;&quot;
	
	local size = ''
	-- mw.logObject({'v,p,l', value, previous, label})
	if (value &gt;= 50) then
		html = priv.sliceWithClass('pie50', 50, value, previous, bcolor, label)
	elseif (value &gt;= 25) then
		html = priv.sliceWithClass('pie25', 25, value, previous, bcolor, label)
	elseif (value &gt;= 12.5) then
		html = priv.sliceWithClass('pie12-5', 12.5, value, previous, bcolor, label)
	elseif (value &gt;= 7) then
		html = priv.sliceWithClass('pie7', 7, value, previous, bcolor, label)
	elseif (value &gt;= 5) then
		html = priv.sliceWithClass('pie5', 5, value, previous, bcolor, label)
	else
		-- 0-5%
		local cutIndex = priv.round(value*10)
		if cutIndex &lt; 1 then
			cutIndex = 1
		end
		local cut = p.cuts[cutIndex]
		local transform = priv.rotation(previous)
		html = priv.sliceX(cut, transform, bcolor, label)
	end	
	-- mw.log(html)

	return html
end

-- round to int
function priv.round(number)
	return math.floor(number + 0.5)
end

-- render full slice with specific class
function priv.sliceWithClass(sizeClass, sizeStep, value, previous, bcolor, label)
	local transform = priv.rotation(previous)
	local html =  &quot;&quot;
	html = html .. priv.sliceBase(sizeClass, transform, bcolor, label)
	-- mw.logObject({'sliceWithClass:', sizeClass, sizeStep, value, previous, bcolor, label})
	if (value &gt; sizeStep) then
		local extra = value - sizeStep
		transform = priv.rotation(previous + extra)
		-- mw.logObject({'sliceWithClass; extra, transform', extra, transform})
		html = html .. priv.sliceBase(sizeClass, transform, bcolor, label)
	end
	return html
end

-- render single slice
function priv.sliceBase(sizeClass, transform, bcolor, label)
	local style = bcolor
	if transform ~= &quot;&quot; then
		style = style .. '; ' .. transform
	end
	return '\n\t&lt;div class=&quot;'..sizeClass..'&quot; style=&quot;'..style..'&quot; title=&quot;'..p.extract_text(label)..'&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'
end

-- small slice cut to fluid size.
-- range in theory: 0 to 24.(9)% reaching 24.(9)% for cut = +inf
-- range in practice: 0 to 5%
function priv.sliceX(cut, transform, bcolor, label)
	local path = 'clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, '..cut..'% 0%, 0 100%)'
	return '\n\t&lt;div style=&quot;'..transform..'; '..bcolor..'; '..path..'&quot; title=&quot;'..p.extract_text(label)..'&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'
end

-- translate value to turn rotation (v=100 =&gt; 1.0turn)
function priv.rotation(value)
	if (value &gt; 0.001) then
		local f = string.format(&quot;%.7f&quot;, value / 100)
		f = f:gsub(&quot;(%d)0+$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;) -- remove trailing zeros
		return &quot;transform: rotate(&quot;..f..&quot;turn)&quot;
	end
	return ''
end

-- Language sensitive float, small numbers.
function priv.formatNum(value, precision)
	precision = precision or -1

	local v = &quot;&quot;
	if precision &gt;= 0 then
		-- custom format
		v = string.format(&quot;%.&quot; .. precision .. &quot;f&quot;, value)
	else
		-- automatic
		if (value &lt; 10) then
			v = string.format(&quot;%.2f&quot;, value)
		else
			v = string.format(&quot;%.1f&quot;, value)
		end
	end

	local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	if (lang:getCode() == 'pl') then
		v = v:gsub(&quot;%.&quot;, &quot;,&quot;)
	end
	return v
end

-- Format large values.
function priv.formatLargeNum(value)
	local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	-- add thusands separators
	local v = lang:formatNum(value)
	return v
end
-- Testing formatLargeNum.
-- p.__priv.test_formatLargeNum()
function priv.test_formatLargeNum()
	mw.log(&quot;must not add fractional part&quot;)
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(12) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(123) )

	mw.log(&quot;should preserve fractional part for small numbers&quot;)
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(1.1) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(1.12) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(12.1) )
	mw.log(&quot;can preserve long fractional part&quot;)
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(1.1234) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(1.12345) )
	
	mw.log(&quot;should add separators above 1k&quot;)
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(999) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(1234) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(12345) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(123456) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(1234567) )

	mw.log(&quot;must handle large float, but might round values&quot;)
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(1234.123) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(12345.123) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(123456.123) )
	mw.log( p.__priv.formatLargeNum(1234567.123) )
end

--[[
	Prepare final label.

	Typical tpl:
		&quot;$L: $v&quot; (same as: &quot;$label: $auto&quot;)
	will result in:
		&quot;Abc: 23%&quot; -- when values are percentages
		&quot;Abc: 1234 (23%)&quot; -- when values are autoscaled
	
	Advanced tpl:
		&quot;$L: $d ($p)&quot; e.g. &quot;Abc: 1234 (23%)&quot; for {&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Abc&quot;, &quot;value&quot;:1234}
		&quot;$L: $v&quot; is the same as above when values are autoscaled
	
	Long vs short variable names:
		$label ($L)
		$auto ($v)
		$value ($d)
		$percent ($p)
]]
function priv.prepareLabel(tpl, entry, precision)
	-- setup default tpl
	if not tpl or tpl == &quot;&quot; then
		-- simple if no label
		if not entry.label or entry.label == &quot;&quot; then
			tpl = &quot;$v&quot;
		else
			if entry.label:find(&quot;%$[a-z]&quot;) then
				tpl = entry.label
			else
				tpl = &quot;$L: $v&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	local labelLabel = entry.label and entry.label or priv.getLangOther()

	-- format % value without %
	local pRaw = priv.formatNum(entry.value, precision)
	local pp = pRaw .. &quot;%%&quot;
	
	local label = tpl
	-- aliases
	label = label
		:gsub(&quot;%$label&quot;, &quot;$L&quot;)
		:gsub(&quot;%$auto&quot;, &quot;$v&quot;)
		:gsub(&quot;%$value&quot;, &quot;$d&quot;)
		:gsub(&quot;%$percent&quot;, &quot;$p&quot;)
	-- replace variables
	label = label:gsub(&quot;%$L&quot;, labelLabel)
	local d = priv.formatLargeNum(entry.raw and entry.raw or entry.value)
	local v = entry.raw and (d .. &quot; (&quot; .. pp .. &quot;)&quot;) or pp
	label = label
		:gsub(&quot;%$p&quot;, pp)
		:gsub(&quot;%$d&quot;, d)
		:gsub(&quot;%$v&quot;, v)

	-- Report unknown variables
	for var in label:gmatch(&quot;%$[a-zA-Z]+&quot;) do
		-- in preview
		mw.addWarning(&quot;pie chart: Unknown variable (wrong format of your label): &quot; .. var)
		-- tracing links
		_ = mw.title.new(&quot;Module:Piechart/tracing/unknown-variable&quot;).id
	end

	return label
end

-- default colors
-- source: https://colorbrewer2.org/#type=diverging&amp;scheme=PRGn&amp;n=6
local colorGroupSize = 3 -- must be at least 3
local colorGroups = 4
local colorPalette = {
-- green (from dark)
'#1b7837',
'#7fbf7b',
'#d9f0d3',
-- violet
'#762a83',
'#af8dc3',
'#e7d4e8',
-- red
'#d73027',
'#fc8d59',
'#fee090',
-- blue
'#4575b4',
'#91bfdb',
'#e0f3f8',
}
local lastColor = '#fff'
-- background color from entry or the default colors
function priv.backColor(entry, no, total)
	if (type(entry.color) == &quot;string&quot;) then
		-- Remove unsafe characters from entry.color
		local sanitizedColor = entry.color
			:gsub('&amp;#35;', '#')  -- workaround Module:Political_party issue reported on talk
			:gsub(&quot;[^a-zA-Z0-9#%-]&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		return 'background:' .. sanitizedColor
	else
		local color = priv.defaultColor(no, total)
		return 'background:' .. color
	end
end
-- color from the default colors
function priv.defaultColor(no, total)
	local color = lastColor
	if no &lt;= 0 then
		return color
	end
	local size = #colorPalette
	if not total or total == 0 then
		total = size + 1
	end
	local colorNo = priv.defaultColorNo(no, total, size)
	if colorNo &gt; 0 then
		color = colorPalette[colorNo]
	end
	return color
end
-- gets color number from default colors
-- trys to return a light color as the last one
-- 0 means white-ish color should be used
function priv.defaultColorNo(no, total, size)
	local color = 0 -- special, lastColor
	if total == 1 then
		color = 1
	elseif total &lt;= colorGroupSize * (colorGroups - 1) then
		if no &lt; total then
			color = no
		else
			local groupIndex = ((no - 1) % colorGroupSize)
			if groupIndex == 0 then -- dark
				color = no+1
			elseif groupIndex == 1 then -- med
				color = no+1
			else
				color = no
			end
		end
	elseif no &lt; total then
		color = ((no - 1) % size) + 1
	end
	return color
end
--[[
	Testing defaultColorNo:
	p.__priv.test_defaultColorNo(1, 12)
	p.__priv.test_defaultColorNo(2, 12)
	p.__priv.test_defaultColorNo(3, 12)
	p.__priv.test_defaultColorNo(4, 12)
	p.__priv.test_defaultColorNo(5, 12)
	p.__priv.test_defaultColorNo(6, 12)
]]
function priv.test_defaultColorNo(total, size)
	for no=1,total do
		local color = priv.defaultColorNo(no, total, size)
		mw.logObject({no=no, color=color})
	end
end

--[[
	trim string
	
	note:
	`(s:gsub(...))` returns only a string
	`s:gsub(...)` returns a string and a number
]]
function priv.trim(s)
	return (s:gsub(&quot;^%s+&quot;, &quot;&quot;):gsub(&quot;%s+$&quot;, &quot;&quot;))
end

--[[
  Extract text from simple wikitext.
  
  For now only works with links.
]]
-- Tests:
-- mw.log(p.extract_text(&quot;[[candy|sweets]]: $v&quot;))
-- mw.log(p.extract_text(&quot;[[sandwich]]es: $v&quot;))
-- mw.log(p.extract_text(&quot;sandwich]]es: $v&quot;))
-- mw.log(p.extract_text(&quot;sandwiches: $v&quot;))
function p.extract_text(label)
	label = label
		-- replace links with pipe (e.g., [[candy|sweets]])
		:gsub(&quot;%[%[[^|%]]+|(.-)%]%]&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
		-- replace simple links without pipe (e.g., [[sandwich]])
		:gsub(&quot;%[%[(.-)%]%]&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
		-- remove templates?
		-- :gsub(&quot;{.-}&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		-- remove tags
		:gsub(&quot;&lt;[^&gt;]+&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		-- escape special chars just in case
		:gsub(&quot;&lt;&quot;, &quot;&amp;lt;&quot;):gsub(&quot;&gt;&quot;, &quot;&amp;gt;&quot;)
		:gsub(&quot;'&quot;, &quot;&amp;#39;&quot;):gsub(&quot;\&quot;&quot;, &quot;&amp;quot;&quot;)
	return label
end

--[[
  Parse classic template params into JSON.

From:  
|label1=cookies: $v |value1=11 |color1=goldenrod
|label2=sweets: $v |value2=20 |color2=darkred

To:
{&quot;value&quot;:11,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;goldenrod&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;cookies: $v&quot;},
{&quot;value&quot;:20,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;darkred&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;sweets: $v&quot;},

]]
function p.parseEnumParams(frame)
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	return priv.parseEnumParams(args)
end
function priv.parseEnumParams(args)
	local result = {}
	
	local i = 1
	local sum = 0.0
	local hasCustomColor = false -- has last custom color
	while args[&quot;value&quot; .. i] do
		-- value is required in this mode; it's also assumed to be 0..100
		local entry = { value = tonumber(args[&quot;value&quot; .. i]) or 0 }
		-- label and color is optional
		local label = args[&quot;label&quot; .. i]
		if label and label ~= &quot;&quot; then
			entry.label = label
		end
		hasCustomColor = false
		local color = args[&quot;color&quot; .. i]
		if color and color ~= &quot;&quot; then
			entry.color = color
			hasCustomColor = true
		end
		table.insert(result, entry)
		sum = sum + entry.value
		i = i + 1
	end
	-- re-loop to set values in labels
	local willAutoscale = priv.willAutoscale(sum)
	for _, entry in ipairs(result) do
		local label = entry.label
		if label and not label:find(&quot;%$[a-z]&quot;) then
			-- autoscale will be forced, so use $v in labels
			if willAutoscale then
				entry.label = label .. &quot; $v&quot;
			else
				entry.label = label .. &quot; ($p)&quot;
			end
		end
	end
	-- tracking data errors
	priv.sumErrorTracking(sum, result)

	-- support other value mapping
	local langOther = priv.getLangOther()
	local colorOther = &quot;#FEFDFD&quot; -- white-ish for custom colors for best chance and contrast
	
	local otherValue = 100 - sum
	if args[&quot;other&quot;] and args[&quot;other&quot;] ~= &quot;&quot; then
		if otherValue &lt; 0.001 then
			otherValue = 0
		end
		local otherEntry = { label = (args[&quot;other-label&quot;] or langOther) .. &quot; ($p)&quot; }
		if args[&quot;other-color&quot;] and args[&quot;other-color&quot;] ~= &quot;&quot; then
			otherEntry.color = args[&quot;other-color&quot;]
		else
			otherEntry.color = colorOther
		end
		table.insert(result, otherEntry)
	elseif otherValue &gt; 0.01 then
		if hasCustomColor then
			table.insert(result, {visible = false, label = langOther .. &quot; ($v)&quot;, color = colorOther})
		else
			table.insert(result, {visible = false, label = langOther .. &quot; ($v)&quot;})
		end
	end
	
	local jsonString = mw.text.jsonEncode(result)
	return jsonString
end

function priv.getLangOther()
	-- support other value mapping
	local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	if (lang:getCode() == 'pl') then
		return &quot;Inne&quot;
	end
	return &quot;Other&quot;
end

-- Function to check if a value is true-ish
local trueValues = { [&quot;true&quot;] = true, [&quot;1&quot;] = true, [&quot;on&quot;] = true, [&quot;yes&quot;] = true }
function priv.isTrueishValue(value)
	-- should return nil for empty args (i.e. undefined i.e. default)
	if not value or value == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	value = priv.trim(value)
	if value == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	-- other non-empty are false
	return trueValues[value:lower()] or false
end

--[[
  Parse classic template params into JSON with chart meta data.
]]
function p.parseMetaParams(frame)
	local args = frame:getParent().args
	local meta = {}

	-- default meta for value1..n parameters
	-- ...and for thumb right/left
	local thumb = args[&quot;thumb&quot;]
	if args[&quot;value1&quot;] or (thumb and (thumb == &quot;right&quot; or thumb == &quot;left&quot;)) then
		meta.size = 200
		meta.legend = true
	end

	-- explicit meta param
	if args[&quot;meta&quot;] then
		local decodeSuccess, tempMeta = pcall(function()
			return mw.text.jsonDecode(args[&quot;meta&quot;], mw.text.JSON_TRY_FIXING)
		end)
		if not decodeSuccess then
			mw.log('invalid meta parameter')
		else
			meta = tempMeta
		end
	end


	if args[&quot;size&quot;] then meta.size = tonumber(args[&quot;size&quot;]) end
	if args[&quot;radius&quot;] and tonumber(args[&quot;radius&quot;]) then
		meta.size = 2 * tonumber(args[&quot;radius&quot;])
	end
	if args[&quot;autoscale&quot;] then meta.autoscale = priv.isTrueishValue(args[&quot;autoscale&quot;]) end
	if args[&quot;legend&quot;] then meta.legend = priv.isTrueishValue(args[&quot;legend&quot;]) end
	if args[&quot;ariahidechart&quot;] then meta.ariahidechart = priv.isTrueishValue(args[&quot;ariahidechart&quot;]) end
	if args[&quot;direction&quot;] and args[&quot;direction&quot;] ~= &quot;&quot; then
		meta.direction = args[&quot;direction&quot;]:gsub(&quot;[^a-z0-9%-]&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	end
	if args[&quot;width&quot;] and args[&quot;width&quot;] ~= &quot;&quot; then
		meta.width = args[&quot;width&quot;]:gsub(&quot;[^a-z0-9%-]&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	end
	if args[&quot;caption&quot;] and args[&quot;caption&quot;] ~= &quot;&quot; then
		meta.caption = args[&quot;caption&quot;]
	end
	if args[&quot;footer&quot;] and args[&quot;footer&quot;] ~= &quot;&quot; then
		meta.footer = args[&quot;footer&quot;]
	end
	if args[&quot;labelformat&quot;] and args[&quot;labelformat&quot;] ~= &quot;&quot; then
		meta.labelformat = args[&quot;labelformat&quot;]
	end
	if args[&quot;precision&quot;] and args[&quot;precision&quot;] ~= &quot;&quot; then
		meta.precision = tonumber(args[&quot;precision&quot;])
	end

	return mw.text.jsonEncode(meta)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>5a2e4p8q73hkjbbcynl6xpn7qd8zdvf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Reflist-talk</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50815</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305148</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T14:09:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>305148</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="293" sha1="ll7jnq54z0tkagif4jegwd5ve1uh110" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist-talk/styles.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;reflist-talk&quot; {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style=&quot;{{{style}}}&quot;}}&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;reflist-talk-title&quot;&gt;{{{title|Tixraacyada}}}&lt;/p&gt;
{{reflist|{{{1|{{{colwidth|}}}}}}|refs={{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ll7jnq54z0tkagif4jegwd5ve1uh110</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Reflist-talk/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>50816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305149</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T14:09:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: .reflist-talk { 	margin: auto 0; 	border: 1px dashed var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 ); 	padding: 4px; 	padding-left: 1em; }  .reflist-talk-title { 	font-weight: bold; }</comment>
      <origin>305149</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="171" sha1="adxssnmv5sd9iz76c4w8rcgjp1g7v0y" xml:space="preserve">.reflist-talk {
	margin: auto 0;
	border: 1px dashed var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 );
	padding: 4px;
	padding-left: 1em;
}

.reflist-talk-title {
	font-weight: bold;
}</text>
      <sha1>adxssnmv5sd9iz76c4w8rcgjp1g7v0y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jiliddu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305153</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-13T22:06:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Clydemod</username>
        <id>46945</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366594965|Acting]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>305153</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="238" sha1="j27gsekapyl355mz79s2wh3lmuj78xm" xml:space="preserve">'''jiliddu''' waa '''acting''' waa hawl uu sheeko ku sheego [[Atoore|jilayaha]] qaata jilaha - tiyaatarka, [[Muuq-baahiye (farsamo)|telefishanka]], [[Filim|filimka]], raadiyaha, ama wax kasta oo kale oo isticmaala qaabka sawir-gacmeedka .</text>
      <sha1>j27gsekapyl355mz79s2wh3lmuj78xm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bawlos ee Tarsos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50818</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305155</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T00:07:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: '''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos kii Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kal...</comment>
      <origin>305155</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1271" sha1="bjvkynm7xg4ex228jrnixc2vxespteg" xml:space="preserve">'''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos kii Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kala kulmay jidka [[Dimishiq]], wuxuu maray isbeddel radikal ah oo uu ku qaatay diinta Kirishtaanka.

Marka laga eego dhanka cilmi-baadhista, muhiimaddiisa ugu weyn waxay ahayd inuu ahaa qofka u weynaa ee farriinta Masiixiyadda gaadhsiiyey meel ka baxsan bulshada Yuhuudda, isagoo u tegey quruumaha kale ee ku noolaa hareeraha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka|badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu qoray waraaqo badan ([[Epistles]]) oo markii hore ku qornaa [[Luqadda Giriigga|luqadda Giriigga]], kuwaas oo hadda ka mid ah [[Axdiga Cusub]] ee [[Kitaabka Quduuska ah]]; toddoba ka mid ah qoraalladaas waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay kuwo gabi ahaanba sax ah oo isagu uu leeyahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraalladiisa ilaha ugu qadiimsan ee laga heli karo bilowgii Masiixiyadda iyo aasaaska falsafada reer Galbeedka.</text>
      <sha1>bjvkynm7xg4ex228jrnixc2vxespteg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305156</id>
      <parentid>305155</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T00:11:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305156</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2198" sha1="bsqfig903i797w4bkzj3a9yggnjb9yt" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaqsiyad diineed 
| magaca = Bawlos ee Tarsos
| image = Saint Paul by El Greco (circa 1610-1614).jpg
| size_image = 250px
| alt = Saint Paul
| comment = Rasuulkii Bawlos (San Bawlos)
| naynaas = Rasuulkii Quruumaha (Apostle to the Gentiles)

| taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 5 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhalashada = [[Tarsos]], [[Kilikia]] (Turkiga maanta)

| taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 64 ama 67 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhimashada = [[Rooma]], [[Dowladdii Roomaanka]]

| ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]]
| taariikhda_barakayn = 
| goobta_barakaynta = 
| barkaysane = 

| taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 33 - 36 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_lagasoo_saaray = Jidka ku yaal [[Dimishiq]]
| meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisad]]aha qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka
| taariikh_la_xuso = 29 [[Juun]]
| astaamo = Seef iyo Buug (kitaab)
| shafeeco = 
| abtiris = &lt;Saul of Tarsus / Saul kii Tarsos&gt;
| shaabad = 
| taariikh_xaram = 
| xaram = 
}}
'''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos kii Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kala kulmay jidka [[Dimishiq]], wuxuu maray isbeddel radikal ah oo uu ku qaatay diinta Kirishtaanka.

Marka laga eego dhanka cilmi-baadhista, muhiimaddiisa ugu weyn waxay ahayd inuu ahaa qofka u weynaa ee farriinta Masiixiyadda gaadhsiiyey meel ka baxsan bulshada Yuhuudda, isagoo u tegey quruumaha kale ee ku noolaa hareeraha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka|badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu qoray waraaqo badan ([[Epistles]]) oo markii hore ku qornaa [[Luqadda Giriigga|luqadda Giriigga]], kuwaas oo hadda ka mid ah [[Axdiga Cusub]] ee [[Kitaabka Quduuska ah]]; toddoba ka mid ah qoraalladaas waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay kuwo gabi ahaanba sax ah oo isagu uu leeyahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraalladiisa ilaha ugu qadiimsan ee laga heli karo bilowgii Masiixiyadda iyo aasaaska falsafada reer Galbeedka.</text>
      <sha1>bsqfig903i797w4bkzj3a9yggnjb9yt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305157</id>
      <parentid>305156</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T00:13:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305157</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2184" sha1="kkg6x5wuwvx1tkp8sbw6ypd8v0y6pwf" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaqsiyad diineed 
| magaca = Bawlos ee Tarsos
| image = File:ElGrecoPaul (cropped).jpg
| size_image = 250px
| alt = Saint Paul
| comment = Rasuulkii Bawlos (San Bawlos)
| naynaas = Rasuulkii Quruumaha (Apostle to the Gentiles)

| taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 5 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhalashada = [[Tarsos]], [[Kilikia]] (Turkiga maanta)

| taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 64 ama 67 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhimashada = [[Rooma]], [[Dowladdii Roomaanka]]

| ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]]
| taariikhda_barakayn = 
| goobta_barakaynta = 
| barkaysane = 

| taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 33 - 36 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_lagasoo_saaray = Jidka ku yaal [[Dimishiq]]
| meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisad]]aha qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka
| taariikh_la_xuso = 29 [[Juun]]
| astaamo = Seef iyo Buug (kitaab)
| shafeeco = 
| abtiris = &lt;Saul of Tarsus / Saul kii Tarsos&gt;
| shaabad = 
| taariikh_xaram = 
| xaram = 
}}
'''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos kii Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kala kulmay jidka [[Dimishiq]], wuxuu maray isbeddel radikal ah oo uu ku qaatay diinta Kirishtaanka.

Marka laga eego dhanka cilmi-baadhista, muhiimaddiisa ugu weyn waxay ahayd inuu ahaa qofka u weynaa ee farriinta Masiixiyadda gaadhsiiyey meel ka baxsan bulshada Yuhuudda, isagoo u tegey quruumaha kale ee ku noolaa hareeraha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka|badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu qoray waraaqo badan ([[Epistles]]) oo markii hore ku qornaa [[Luqadda Giriigga|luqadda Giriigga]], kuwaas oo hadda ka mid ah [[Axdiga Cusub]] ee [[Kitaabka Quduuska ah]]; toddoba ka mid ah qoraalladaas waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay kuwo gabi ahaanba sax ah oo isagu uu leeyahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraalladiisa ilaha ugu qadiimsan ee laga heli karo bilowgii Masiixiyadda iyo aasaaska falsafada reer Galbeedka.</text>
      <sha1>kkg6x5wuwvx1tkp8sbw6ypd8v0y6pwf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305158</id>
      <parentid>305157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T00:14:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305158</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2179" sha1="95zx8745ys5bkkbj21d3wsvyoflros0" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaqsiyad diineed 
| magaca = Bawlos ee Tarsos
| image = ElGrecoPaul (cropped).jpg
| size_image = 250px
| alt = Saint Paul
| comment = Rasuulkii Bawlos (San Bawlos)
| naynaas = Rasuulkii Quruumaha (Apostle to the Gentiles)

| taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 5 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhalashada = [[Tarsos]], [[Kilikia]] (Turkiga maanta)

| taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 64 ama 67 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhimashada = [[Rooma]], [[Dowladdii Roomaanka]]

| ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]]
| taariikhda_barakayn = 
| goobta_barakaynta = 
| barkaysane = 

| taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 33 - 36 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_lagasoo_saaray = Jidka ku yaal [[Dimishiq]]
| meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisad]]aha qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka
| taariikh_la_xuso = 29 [[Juun]]
| astaamo = Seef iyo Buug (kitaab)
| shafeeco = 
| abtiris = &lt;Saul of Tarsus / Saul kii Tarsos&gt;
| shaabad = 
| taariikh_xaram = 
| xaram = 
}}
'''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos kii Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kala kulmay jidka [[Dimishiq]], wuxuu maray isbeddel radikal ah oo uu ku qaatay diinta Kirishtaanka.

Marka laga eego dhanka cilmi-baadhista, muhiimaddiisa ugu weyn waxay ahayd inuu ahaa qofka u weynaa ee farriinta Masiixiyadda gaadhsiiyey meel ka baxsan bulshada Yuhuudda, isagoo u tegey quruumaha kale ee ku noolaa hareeraha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka|badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu qoray waraaqo badan ([[Epistles]]) oo markii hore ku qornaa [[Luqadda Giriigga|luqadda Giriigga]], kuwaas oo hadda ka mid ah [[Axdiga Cusub]] ee [[Kitaabka Quduuska ah]]; toddoba ka mid ah qoraalladaas waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay kuwo gabi ahaanba sax ah oo isagu uu leeyahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraalladiisa ilaha ugu qadiimsan ee laga heli karo bilowgii Masiixiyadda iyo aasaaska falsafada reer Galbeedka.</text>
      <sha1>95zx8745ys5bkkbj21d3wsvyoflros0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305159</id>
      <parentid>305158</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T00:17:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>305159</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2209" sha1="rieq889r0qiy8itx5zd9rblscn0q0zf" xml:space="preserve">'''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos ee Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kala kulmay jidka [[Dimishiq]], wuxuu maray isbeddel radikal ah oo uu ku qaatay diinta Kirishtaanka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/waraaqihii-rasuul-bawlos-qoray&lt;/ref&gt;{{Shaqsiyad diineed 
| magaca = Bawlos ee Tarsos
| image = ElGrecoPaul (cropped).jpg
| size_image = 250px
| alt = Saint Paul
| comment = Rasuulkii Bawlos
| naynaas = Rasuulkii Quruumaha

| taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 5 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhalashada = [[Tarsos]], [[Kilikia]] ([[Turkiga]] maanta)

| taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 64 ama 67 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhimashada = [[Roma]], [[Dowladdii Roomaanka]]

| ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]]
| taariikhda_barakayn = 
| goobta_barakaynta = 
| barkaysane = 

| taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 33 - 36 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_lagasoo_saaray = Jidka ku yaal [[Dimishiq]]
| meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisad]]aha qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka
| taariikh_la_xuso = 29 [[Juun]]
| astaamo = Seef iyo Buug (kitaab)
| shafeeco = 
| abtiris = 
| shaabad = 
| taariikh_xaram = 
| xaram = 
}}Marka laga eego dhanka cilmi-baadhista, muhiimaddiisa ugu weyn waxay ahayd inuu ahaa qofka u weynaa ee farriinta Masiixiyadda gaadhsiiyey meel ka baxsan bulshada Yuhuudda, isagoo u tegey quruumaha kale ee ku noolaa hareeraha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka|badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu qoray waraaqo badan ([[Epistles]]) oo markii hore ku qornaa [[Luqadda Giriigga|luqadda Giriigga]], kuwaas oo hadda ka mid ah [[Axdiga Cusub]] ee [[Kitaabka Quduuska ah]]; toddoba ka mid ah qoraalladaas waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay kuwo gabi ahaanba sax ah oo isagu uu leeyahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraalladiisa ilaha ugu qadiimsan ee laga heli karo bilowgii Masiixiyadda iyo aasaaska falsafada reer Galbeedka.</text>
      <sha1>rieq889r0qiy8itx5zd9rblscn0q0zf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305160</id>
      <parentid>305159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T00:22:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305160</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2810" sha1="7ngrg7q5ojxbfi6pkdldl4c0e6415x5" xml:space="preserve">'''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos ee Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kala kulmay jidka [[Dimishiq]], wuxuu maray isbeddel radikal ah oo uu ku qaatay diinta Kirishtaanka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/waraaqihii-rasuul-bawlos-qoray&lt;/ref&gt;{{Shaqsiyad diineed 
| magaca = Bawlos ee Tarsos
| image = ElGrecoPaul (cropped).jpg
| size_image = 250px
| alt = Saint Paul
| comment = Rasuulkii Bawlos
| naynaas = Rasuulkii Quruumaha

| taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 5 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhalashada = [[Tarsos]], [[Kilikia]] ([[Turkiga]] maanta)

| taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 64 ama 67 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhimashada = [[Roma]], [[Dowladdii Roomaanka]]

| ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]]
| taariikhda_barakayn = 
| goobta_barakaynta = 
| barkaysane = 

| taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 33 - 36 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_lagasoo_saaray = Jidka ku yaal [[Dimishiq]]
| meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisad]]aha qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka
| taariikh_la_xuso = 29 [[Juun]]
| astaamo = Seef iyo Buug (kitaab)
| shafeeco = 
| abtiris = 
| shaabad = 
| taariikh_xaram = 
| xaram = 
}}Marka laga eego dhanka cilmi-baadhista, muhiimaddiisa ugu weyn waxay ahayd inuu ahaa qofka u weynaa ee farriinta Masiixiyadda gaadhsiiyey meel ka baxsan bulshada Yuhuudda, isagoo u tegey quruumaha kale ee ku noolaa hareeraha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka|badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu qoray waraaqo badan (Waraaqihii) oo markii hore ku qornaa [[Luqadda Giriigga|luqadda Giriigga]], kuwaas oo hadda ka mid ah [[Axdiga Cusub]] ee [[Kitaabka Quduuska ah]]; toddoba ka mid ah qoraalladaas waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay kuwo gabi ahaanba sax ah oo isagu uu leeyahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraalladiisa ilaha ugu qadiimsan ee laga heli karo bilowgii Masiixiyadda iyo aasaaska falsafada reer Galbeedka.

== Waraaqihii ==
'''Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray''' waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah qoraallada [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waraaqahan waxaa loo qoray kaniisado iyo shakhsiyaad kala duwan, waxaana lagu magacaabaa waraaqaha Bawlos ama waraaqaha Bawlos qoray. Waxay ka mid yihiin:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/waraaqihii-rasuul-bawlos-qoray&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[Rooma]]
* [[1 Korintos]]
* [[2 Korintos]]
* [[Galatiya]]
* [[Efesos]]
* [[Filiboy]]
* [[Kolosay]]
* [[1 Tesaloniika]]
* [[2 Tesaloniika]]
* [[1 Timoteyos]]
* [[2 Timoteyos]]
* [[Tiitos]]
* [[Filemon]]

== Sidoo kale eeg ==</text>
      <sha1>7ngrg7q5ojxbfi6pkdldl4c0e6415x5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305176</id>
      <parentid>305160</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T03:08:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Comendador Sombra</username>
        <id>46943</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>305176</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2882" sha1="iwxrerjbj6rubr0gsbt65ynr767i86p" xml:space="preserve">'''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos ee Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kala kulmay jidka [[Dimishiq]], wuxuu maray isbeddel radikal ah oo uu ku qaatay diinta Kirishtaanka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/waraaqihii-rasuul-bawlos-qoray&lt;/ref&gt;{{Shaqsiyad diineed 
| magaca = Bawlos ee Tarsos
| image = ElGrecoPaul (cropped).jpg
| size_image = 250px
| alt = Saint Paul
| comment = Rasuulkii Bawlos
| naynaas = Rasuulkii Quruumaha

| taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 5 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhalashada = [[Tarsos]], [[Kilikia]] ([[Turkiga]] maanta)

| taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 64 ama 67 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_dhimashada = [[Roma]], [[Dowladdii Roomaanka]]

| ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]]
| taariikhda_barakayn = 
| goobta_barakaynta = 
| barkaysane = 

| taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 33 - 36 [[Miilaadi|m]]
| goobta_lagasoo_saaray = Jidka ku yaal [[Dimishiq]]
| meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisad]]aha qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka
| taariikh_la_xuso = 29 [[Juun]]
| astaamo = Seef iyo Buug (kitaab)
| shafeeco = 
| abtiris = 
| shaabad = 
| taariikh_xaram = 
| xaram = 
}}Marka laga eego dhanka cilmi-baadhista, muhiimaddiisa ugu weyn waxay ahayd inuu ahaa qofka u weynaa ee farriinta Masiixiyadda gaadhsiiyey meel ka baxsan bulshada Yuhuudda, isagoo u tegey quruumaha kale ee ku noolaa hareeraha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka|badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu qoray waraaqo badan (Waraaqihii) oo markii hore ku qornaa [[Luqadda Giriigga|luqadda Giriigga]], kuwaas oo hadda ka mid ah [[Axdiga Cusub]] ee [[Kitaabka Quduuska ah]]; toddoba ka mid ah qoraalladaas waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay kuwo gabi ahaanba sax ah oo isagu uu leeyahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraalladiisa ilaha ugu qadiimsan ee laga heli karo bilowgii Masiixiyadda iyo aasaaska falsafada reer Galbeedka.

== Waraaqihii ==
'''Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray''' waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah qoraallada [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waraaqahan waxaa loo qoray kaniisado iyo shakhsiyaad kala duwan, waxaana lagu magacaabaa waraaqaha Bawlos ama waraaqaha Bawlos qoray. Waxay ka mid yihiin:&lt;ref&gt;https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/waraaqihii-rasuul-bawlos-qoray&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[Rooma]]
* [[1 Korintos]]
* [[2 Korintos]]
* [[Galatiya]]
* [[Efesos]]
* [[Filiboy]]
* [[Kolosay]]
* [[1 Tesaloniika]]
* [[2 Tesaloniika]]
* [[1 Timoteyos]]
* [[2 Timoteyos]]
* [[Tiitos]]
* [[Filemon]]

== Sidoo kale eeg ==

* [[Ciise]]
* [[Dimishiq]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==</text>
      <sha1>iwxrerjbj6rubr0gsbt65ynr767i86p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Injiilka (Masiixiyad)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50819</id>
    <revision>
      <id>305174</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T03:02:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Injiilka (Masiixiyad)</comment>
      <origin>305174</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1147" sha1="fjvcjbkvfucu2nlbjaovurax6uidd8c" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Karolingischer Buchmaler um 820 001.jpg|thumb|Afarta Injiileyste]]
Injiilka waa afarta buug ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub, kuwaas oo ka warrama nolosha, waxbaridda, dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Waxay yihiin qoraallada aasaasiga ah ee ka marag kaca nolosha iyo adeegga Ciise Masiix, waxaana kala qoray Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_400_VIDEO Introduction to Matthew]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_410_VIDEO Introduction to Mark]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_420_VIDEO Introduction to Luke]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_430_VIDEO Introduction to John]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==</text>
      <sha1>fjvcjbkvfucu2nlbjaovurax6uidd8c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305175</id>
      <parentid>305174</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T03:06:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305175</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1212" sha1="6r3ndbfxzlikt56qpht2jktnp5ytcp8" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Karolingischer Buchmaler um 820 001.jpg|thumb|Afarta Injiileyste]]
Injiilka waa afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]], kuwaas oo ka warrama nolosha, waxbaridda, dhimashada iyo sarakicidda [[Ciise]] Masiix. Waxay yihiin qoraallada aasaasiga ah ee ka marag kaca nolosha iyo adeegga Ciise Masiix, waxaana kala qoray Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_400_VIDEO Introduction to Matthew]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_410_VIDEO Introduction to Mark]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_420_VIDEO Introduction to Luke]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/BibleBooks/pub-nwtsv_430_VIDEO Introduction to John]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==

* [[Ciise]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==</text>
      <sha1>6r3ndbfxzlikt56qpht2jktnp5ytcp8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>305178</id>
      <parentid>305175</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T03:14:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-44398-06</username>
        <id>46948</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>305178</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="745" sha1="lxp6id4qpjg0qftly06tg0c5tk0cst4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Karolingischer Buchmaler um 820 001.jpg|thumb|Afarta Injiileyste]]
Injiilka waa afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]], kuwaas oo ka warrama nolosha, waxbaridda, dhimashada iyo sarakicidda [[Ciise]] Masiix. Waxay yihiin qoraallada aasaasiga ah ee ka marag kaca nolosha iyo adeegga Ciise Masiix, waxaana kala qoray Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==

* [[Ciise]]
* [[Axdiga Cusub]]

== Linkiga Cadaymaha ==</text>
      <sha1>lxp6id4qpjg0qftly06tg0c5tk0cst4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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