Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2450 306064 299123 2026-08-28T00:36:57Z Soalt 39618 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 306064 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Finland''' , si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyadda Finland''' , waa waddan waqooyiga Yurub ah oo ku yaal Waqooyiga Yurub . Waxa ay xuduud la wadaagtaa [[Iswiidhan]] waqooyi-galbeed, [[Norway|Norwey]] dhanka waqooyi, iyo [[Ruushka]] oo bari ah, iyadoo gacanka Bothnia dhanka galbeed iyo Gacanka Finland dhanka koonfureed, ka soo horjeeda [[Estoniya]] .Finland waxaa ku nool dad gaaraya 5.6 milyan, badankooduna waa qowmiyad Finns ah . Caasimadeeda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa [[Helsinki]] . Luqadaha rasmiga ah waa Finnish iyo Iswidish , afafka hooyo ee boqolkiiba 84.1 iyo 5.1 boqolkiiba dadweynaha, siday u kala horreeyaan. Cimilada Finland way ku kala duwan tahay qaaradaha qoyan ee koonfurta ilaa boreal ee woqooyiga. Dhulkeeda waxaa inta badan daboola kaynta boreal , oo leh in ka badan 180,000 oo harooyin ah . {{short description|Dalka Waqooyiga Yurub}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Finland | common_name = Finland | native_name = Republic of Finland | image_flag = Flag of Finland.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Finland 2.svg | coa_size = 75 | national_anthem = <br />{{native name|fi|[[Maamme]]|nolink=yes}}<br />{{native name|sv|[[Maamme|Vårt land]]|nolink=yes}})<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:United States Navy Band - Maamme.ogg|center]] | image_map = EU-Finland (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = {{map caption|goobta_color=dark cagaar|region=Yurub |region_color=cawl madow |subregion=ah [[Midowga Yurub ]] |subregion_color=cagaar |halyeey=EU-Finland.svg}} | capital = [[Helsinki]] | coordinates = {{Coord|60|10|15|N|24|56|15|E|type:city_region:FI}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = Finnish [[Af-Iswiidhan|iswiidhan]] | recognized_national_languages = {{hlist|[[Sami languages|Sámi]]|[[Karelian language|Karelian]]|[[Finnish Kalo language|Finnish Kalo]]|[[Finnish Sign Language]]|[[Finland-Swedish Sign Language]]}} | ethnic_groups = 88.9% Finnish 11.1% [[Finlan|Kuwa kale]] <nowiki></nowiki> | ethnic_groups_year = 2024 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="statistics-finland-population-2024-final"/> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |{{Tree list}} * 64.2% [[Christianity]] ** 62.2% [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland|Lutheranism]] ** 1.0% [[Finnish Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]] ** 1.0% other [[Christians|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}} | 34.9% [[Irreligion in Finland|no religion]] | 2.0% [[Religion in Finland|other]]}} | religion_year = 2024 | religion_ref = <ref name="statistics-finland-population-2024-final"/> | demonym = Finnish. Finland | government_type = Jamhuuriyad baarlamaani ah oo midaysan | leader_title1 = [[Finlan|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Finlan|Alexander Stubb]] | leader_title2 = [[Finlan|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Finlan|Petteri Orpo]] | leader_title3 = [[Finlan|Gudoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]] | leader_name3 = Jussi Halla-aho | legislature = [[Finlan|Baarlamaanka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Finlan|Madaxbanaanida]] | sovereignty_note = ka [[Ruushka|Soviet Ruushka]]<ref> {{Citation|title=The Soviet Russia's recognition of Finland's independence Dec. 1917 - Jan. 1918|url=https://histdoc.net/history/itsen2.html|access-date=22 February 2024|archive-date=22 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222192345/https://histdoc.net/history/itsen2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | established_event1 = [[Finlan|Asaasida Grand Duchy ee Finland]] | established_date1 = 29 March 1809 (from Sweden) | established_event2 = [[Finlan|Ku dhawaaqida madaxbanaanida]] | established_date2 = 6 December 1917 | established_event3 = [[Finlan|Dastuur la dhisay]] | established_date3 = 17 July 1919 | area_km2 = 338,455<ref>{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|title=Finland Country profile|date=13 February 2024|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17288360|access-date=5 August 2025}}</ref> | area_rank = 65aad <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 130,596 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 9.71 (2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_census = [[File:Increase Neutral.svg|thumb|14px]] 5,635,971<ref name="statistics-finland-population-2024-final"/> | population_census_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 114aad | population_label2 = | population_data2 = | population_density_km2 = 18.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 41 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 210aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $373.16 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 61aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $66,500<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 23aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $303.95 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 46aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $54,160<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 19aad | Gini = 26.6 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2023 | Gini_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|access-date=14 March 2024|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091832/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.948 | HDI_rank = 12aad | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = kordhin | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Finlan|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = [[Finlan|EEST]] | date_format = {{abbr|dd|day}}.{{abbr|mm|month}}.{{abbr|yyyy|year}}<ref>[https://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&pid=11&aid=1709 Ajanilmaukset] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033758/http://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&pid=11&aid=1709 |date=20 October 2017 }} Kielikello 2/2006. Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 20 October 2017</ref> | calling_code = [[Finlan|+358]] | cctld = [[Finlan|.fi]], [[Finlan|.ax]]^a | footnote_a = Goobta [[.ax]] waxa lagu isticmaalaa gudaha [[Åland]]. | today = | official_website = {{URL|https://finland.fi/}} }} Finland waxaa markii ugu horreysay la dejiyay qiyaastii 9000 BC ka dib xilligii barafka ee ugu dambeeyay . Intii lagu jiray Da'da Dhagaxa , dhaqamo kala duwan ayaa soo baxay, oo lagu kala soocay qaababka kala duwan ee dhoobada. Da'dii Bronze iyo Ages birta waxaa lagu asteeyay xiriirka dhaqamada kale ee Fennoscandia iyo gobolka Baltic . Laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii qarnigii 13aad, Finland waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Iswidhan ka dib dagaalkii Waqooyiga . Sannadkii 1809kii, dagaalkii Finnishka dartiis , Finland waxaa laga qabsaday [[Iswiidhan|Iswidhan]] waxayna noqotay boqortooyo weyn oo madaxbannaan oo ka tirsan Boqortooyada [[Ruushka]] . Muddadaas, fanka Finnishku wuu kobcay , waxaana si tartiib tartiib ah u kobcay dhaqdhaqaaqa madaxbannaanida . Kacaankii Ruushka ka dib 1917, Finland waxay ku dhawaaqday madaxbannaanideeda . Dagaal sokeeye ayaa dhacay sannadkii xigay, iyada oo cadadkii shuuci-diidka ahaa ay guulaysteen. Dalka Finland jamhuuriyad ahaan waxa la xaqiijiyay sanadkii 1919kii , dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka Finland waxa ay la dagaalantay Midowgii Soofiyeeti dagaalkii jiilaalka iyo dagaalka sii socoshada , kadibna waxa ay la dagaalantay Nazigii [[Jarmalka]] dagaalkii Lapland . Taasi waxay keentay in ay qaybo ka mid ah dhulkeeda ku waydo Midowgii Soofiyeeti balse ay sii haysato madax banaanideeda iyo dimoqraadiyadeed. Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii qaboobaa , Finland waxay aqbashay siyaasad dhexdhexaadnimo oo rasmi ah. [[Dagaalkii Qaboobaa|Dagaalkii qaboobaa]] ka dib, Finland waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Midowga Yurub]] 1995 iyo Eurozone ee 1999. Ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee Ukraine , Finland waxay ku biirtay NATO 2023. Finland waxay noqotay waddankii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ee bixiya codbixinta caalamiga ah 1906, waana waddankii ugu horreeyay adduunka oo siinaya dhammaan muwaadiniinta qaangaarka ah xaqa ay u leeyihiin inay u tartamaan xafiis dawladeed. Finland waxay ahaan jirtay waddan inta badan miyi iyo beeraley ah ilaa 1950-meeyadii, markaasoo ay ku socotay warshadayn degdeg ah iyo dawlad samafal oo Nordic ah , taasoo keentay dhaqaale horumarsan iyo dakhliga qofkasta oo sarreeya . Wadanku wuxuu si joogto ah ugu darajo heersareeya qiimeynta caalamiga ah ee qaybaha kala duwan , sida waxbarashada, tartanka dhaqaalaha, farxadda, iyo barwaaqada. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Finland oo ku salaysan awooddeeda dhexe waxay xoogga saaraysaa iskaashiga caalamiga ah iyo iskaashiga, kaas oo dhowaan u wareegay xiriir dhow oo lala yeesho NATO . Dhaqan dhaqameedka Finnishka , oo ay ku jiraan sinnaanta , calmaaniyadda , xuquuqul insaanka iyo deegaanka , ayaa si firfircoon loogu dhiirrigeliyaa xubinnimada goleyaasha caalamiga ah ee badan . ==Asalka erayga== Magaca Suomi ( Finnishka ah 'Finland') asalkiisa lama hubo, laakiin eray-bixin caadi ah oo saame ah ( Sami ) ayaa la soo jeediyay. Ilaha taariikhiga ah ee ugu horreeya, laga soo bilaabo qarniyadii 12aad iyo 13aad, ereyga Finland waxaa loola jeedaa gobolka xeebta ee Turku ee koonfur-galbeed ee Finland casriga ah; gobolkan ayaa markii dambe loo yaqaan Finland Proper marka laga sooco magaca waddanka Finland. Qarnigii 14-aad iyo 15-aad, koonfur-galbeed ( Eura iyo Turku), gudaha ( agagaarka harada Päijänne ), iyo koonfur-bari (gaarey harada Ladoga ) ee gobollada Finland casriga ah ayaa lagu daray boqortooyada Iswidhan. Aagga oo dhan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray Finlandia et partes orientale ama Österland ("Bariga") ee Scandinavianka. Ereyga Österland waxa la isticmaalayey ilaa qarnigii 16aad. Gudaha waxa loo yiqiin Tavastia . Dhamaadkii qarniyadii dhexe , ereyga Finland waxaa loo fidiyay bari sidoo kale. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Kivikautinen karhunpäänuija.jpg|thumb|Madaxa orso Age Stone laga helay Paltamo , Kainuu]] [[File:Pre-Finno-Ugric.png|thumb|Luqadaha Finland ee da'da birta hore]] Dhulka hadda loo yaqaan Finland waxa la dejiyay, ugu dambayn, qiyaastii 8,500 BC intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa ee dhammaadkii xilliga barafka ee u dambeeyay . Aasaaska dadkii deggenaa ugu horreyay waxay ka tageen sifooyin hadda jira oo lala wadaago kuwa laga helo Estonia , Ruushka, iyo Norway. Dadkii ugu horreeyay waxay ahaayeen ugaarsadeyaal , iyagoo isticmaalaya qalab dhagax ah. Dherigii ugu horreeyay wuxuu soo muuqday 5200 BC, markii dhaqanka Comb Ceramic la soo bandhigay. Dhulka maanta ee Finland wuxuu ku yaalaa xadka galbeedka ee dhaqanka, kaas oo soo saaray dheriyo leh qaab shanlo oo kala duwan . Imaanshaha dhaqanka Corded Ware ee koonfurta xeebta Finland intii u dhaxaysay 3000 iyo 2500 BC waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku beegan tahay bilawga beeraha. Xitaa iyada oo la soo bandhigay beeraha, ugaarsiga iyo kalluumeysiga ayaa sii waday inay noqdaan qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhaqaalaha nolol-maalmeedka. Iyadoo lagu salaynayo caddaymo luqadeed, Finland waxaad mooddaa inay ugu horrayn deggenaayeen dadka ku hadla afafka Paleo-Yurub ka hor intaanay u soo haajirin dadka Finno-Ugric, taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay afafka Saamiga oo ahaa dadkii ugu horreeyay ee Finno-Ugric ah oo u soo guuray Finland. Luuqadahan waxa loo qaybiyay luuqado Paleo-Laplandic oo lagaga hadli jiray agagaarka Lappland, iyo luuqadaha Lakelandic ee lagaga hadlo inta badan Finland casrigan. Magacyo badan oo magacyo ah oo Finland ku yaal sida Inari, Saimaa, Päijänne iyo Imatra waxay u muuqdaan inay ka soo jeedaan luqadaha Paleo-Yurub, sababtoo ah asalkoodu maaha mid lagu sharxi karo Indo-Yurub ama Finno-Ugric. Xilligii Bronze-ka , beerashada joogtada ah ee sanadka oo dhan iyo xannaanada xoolaha ayaa fiday, laakiin cimilada qabow ayaa hoos u dhigtay isbeddelka. Dhacdada Seima-Turbino waxay keentay farshaxankii ugu horreeyay ee naxaas ah gobolka iyo laga yaabee sidoo kale luqadaha Finno-Ugric . Xidhiidhada ganacsi ee ilaa hadda inta badan ku sugnaa Estonia waxay bilaabeen inay ku fidaan Scandinavia. Wax soo saarka gudaha ee artefacts bronze wuxuu bilaabmay 1300 BC. [[File:Northern Europe in 814.jpg|thumb|Dadka Finnishka ee Baltic-ga qarnigii 9aad AD]] Xilligii Iron Age , dadku wuu kordhay. Finland Proper waxay ahayd meesha ugu dadka badan. Xidhiidhada ganacsi ee gobolka badda Baltic ayaa koray oo fidiyey qarniyadii siddeedaad iyo sagaalaad. Waxyaalaha ugu badan ee laga dhoofiyo Finland waxay ahaayeen dhogorta, addoommada, castoreum , iyo falcons oo loo dhoofiyo maxkamadaha Yurub. Soo dejinta waxaa ku jiray xariir iyo dhar kale, dahabka, seefaha Ulfberht , iyo, xad ka yar, dhalo. Soo saarista birta waxay bilaabatay qiyaastii 500 BC. Dhamaadkii qarnigii sagaalaad, dhaqanka farshaxanka asaliga ah, gaar ahaan hubka iyo dahabka dumarka, ayaa lahaa sifooyin maxalli ah oo ka badan sidii hore. Tan waxaa loo fasirtay inay muujinayso aqoonsiga Finland ee caadiga ah. Nooc hore oo luqadaha Finnishka ah ayaa ku fiday badda Baltic qiyaastii 1900 BC. Luuqadda Finnishka ee guud ayaa lagaga hadli jiray agagaarka Gacanka Finland 2000 sano ka hor. Lahjadaha laga soo saaray luqadda Finnishka ee casriga ah waxay abuurmeen xilligii Iron Age. Xidhiidhada lala yeeshay dadyowgii hore ee Baltic iyo dadyowga bari ee Jarmalka ayaa si weyn u saameeyay luqadda Proto-Finikada . Inkasta oo ay aad isugu dhow yihiin, dadka Sami waxay haysteen qaab nololeedka ugaarsiga-uruurinta in ka badan Finns-ka. Aqoonsiga dhaqanka Sami iyo luqadda Sami waxay ku badbaadeen Lapland , gobolka waqooyi-bari. ===Waagii Iswidhishka=== [[File:Erik den helige och biskop Henrik.jpg|thumb|Eric IX ee Iswiidhan iyo Bishop Henry oo ku sii jeeda Finland . Sawirka dhexe ee dambe ee Upland .]] Qarniyadii 12aad iyo 13aad waxay ahaayeen wakhti rabshado ah waqooyiga badda Baltic. Crusade Livonian-ka ayaa socday, qabiilooyinka Finnishka ah sida Tavastian iyo Karelia waxay ku jireen iskahorimaadyo joogto ah Novgorod iyo midba midka kale. Sidoo kale, intii lagu jiray qarniyadii 12-aad iyo 13-aad, dhowr saliibood oo ka yimid dhulalka Katooliga ee aagga badda Baltic ayaa lagu sameeyay qabaa'ilka Finnishka. Deenishku waxay ugu yaraan saddex saliib ku qaadeen Finland, 1187 ama wax yar ka hor, ee 1191 iyo 1202, iyo Iswiidhishka , laga yaabee waxa loogu yeero Saliibiyiinta labaad ee Finland , 1249 oo ka dhan ah Tavastian iyo Saliibkii saddexaad ee Finland ee 1293 ka dhanka ah Karelians. Waxa loogu yeero Crusade-kii ugu horreeyay ee Finland , laga yaabee 1155, waxay u badan tahay inaysan dhicin. Natiijadii Crusades, inta badan la Saliibiyiinta Iswidishka labaad ee uu hogaaminayey Birger Jarl , iyo gumeysiga qaar ka mid ah xeebaha Finland ee Iswidishka Masiixiyiinta ah intii lagu jiray qarniyadii dhexe, Finland waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotay qayb ka mid ah boqortooyada Iswidhan iyo saameeynta saameynta Kaniisadda Katooliga . Iswiidhan hoosteeda, Finland waxaa lagu daray qayb ka mid ah nidaamka dhaqameed ee Galbeedka Yurub . Iswidishku waxay qalcado ka dhisteen Häme iyo Turku , halka golaha boqortooyada Iswiidhan la dhisay, waxaa la sameeyay qaab dhismeed maamul iyo qalab maaliyadeed, waxaana la sameeyay xeerar qaanuuneed xilligii Magnus Ladulås (1275-1290) iyo Magnus Eriksson (1319-1364). Natiijo ahaan, dhulalka Finnishka ayaa si adag u dhexgalay boqortooyada Iswidhishka. [[File:Swedish Empire.svg|thumb|Boqortooyadii Iswidhishka oo raacaya heshiiskii Roskilde ee 1658]] Iswidhishka ayaa ahaa luqadda ugu badan ee dadka gobta ah, maamulka, iyo waxbarashada; Finnishku waxay inta badan ahayd luqad loogu talagalay beeraleyda , wadaaddada, iyo maxkamadaha maxalliga ah ee meelaha looga hadlo Finnishka. Intii lagu jiray Dib-u-habaynta Protestant , Finns waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u beddeleen Lutheranism . Dhamaadkii Midowgii Kalmar waxa ay keentay xilli isbedello diimeed, bulsho iyo dhaqaale. Gustav Vasa ( r.  1523-1560 ) wuxuu ka dhigay wiilkiisa labaad Johan Duke of Finland , halka Gustav Adolf ( r.  1611-1632 ) u sameeyay xafiiska guddoomiyaha guud ee Finland qayb ka mid ah dib-u-qaabaynta maamulka Boqortooyada Iswidhan. Qarnigii 16-aad, hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda iyo dib-u-habaynta Lutheran Mikael Agricola ayaa daabacay qoraalladii ugu horreeyay ee luqadda Finnishka; iyo caasimadda hadda ee Finland, Helsinki , waxaa aasaasay King Gustav Vasa 1555. Jaamacaddii ugu horreysay ee Finland, Royal Academy of Turku , waxaa aasaasay boqoradda Christina ee Iswidhan iyadoo soo jeedinta Count Per Brahe ee 1640. Finnishku waxay goosteen sumcad dagaal Soddon Sano (1618-1648) iyagoo ahaa fardooley si fiican u tababaran oo loo yaqaan " Hakkapeliitta ". Finland waxaa soo food saartay macaluul ba'an 1695-1697 , taas oo ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex meelood meel dadka Finnishka ah ay Finland cudur ba'an ayaa dhacay dhowr sano ka dib . Qarnigii 18-aad, dagaalladii Iswidhan iyo Ruushku laba jeer ayaa horseeday in ciidammada Ruushku ay la wareegaan dalka Finland, waqtiyadii ay Finnishku u yaqaaneen Cadhada Weyn (1714-1721) iyo Cadhada Yar (1742-1743). Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in ku dhawaad ​​jiil dhan oo rag ah ay lumeen xilligii Cadhada Wayn, taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay burburka guryaha iyo beeraha, iyo gubashada Helsinki. ===Grand Duchy ee Finland=== Waagii Iswidishka wuxuu ku dhamaaday dagaalkii Finnishka ee 1809. 29kii Maarso 1809, ka dib markii ay qabsadeen ciidamadii Alexander I ee Ruushka , Finland waxay noqotay boqortooyo weyn oo madaxbannaan oo ka tirsan Boqortooyada Ruushka , sida ay aqoonsan tahay Cuntada Porvoo . Xaaladdani waxay sii socotay ilaa dhammaadkii 1917. Sannadkii 1812, Alexander I wuxuu ku daray gobolka Ruushka ee Vyborg ee Grand Duchy ee Finland. Sannadkii 1854kii, Finland waxay ku lug lahayd ku lug lahaanshiyaha Ruushka ee dagaalkii Crimean markii ay ciidamada badda ee Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska ay duqeeyeen xeebaha Finland iyo Åland intii lagu jiray dagaalkii loogu magac daray Åland . [[File:Suomineito (Isto).jpg|thumb|Edvard Isto , Weerarkii , 1899. Gorgorka Ruushku wuxuu weeraray gabadh Finnish ah , oo isku dayaysa inay xaddo buuggeeda sharciga.]] Inkasta oo af Iswiidhishku weli aad loogu hadlo, haddana afka Finnishku waxa uu bilaabay in uu aqoonsi helo muddadaas. Laga soo bilaabo 1860-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaq xooggan oo wadani Finnish ah , oo loo yaqaan dhaqdhaqaaqa Fennoman , ayaa koray. Mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ugu caansan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa wuxuu ahaa faylasuuf iyo siyaasi JV Snellman , kaas oo ka shaqeeyay inuu dejiyo maqaamka luqadda Finnishka iyo lacagteeda Finnish markka , ee Grand Duchy ee Finland. Waxyaabaha muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa daabacaadda waxa noqon doona hal-abuurka qaranka Finland , Kalevala , 1835 iyo sinnaanta sharciga ah ee luqadda Finnishka ee Iswidishka 1892. Ruuxa Adolf Ivar Arwidsson - "ma nihin Iswidhish, ma rabno inaan noqono Ruush, markaa aan noqono muwaadin Finnish ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jirin dhaqdhaqaaq dhab ah oo madaxbannaanida Finland ilaa horraantii qarnigii 20aad. Macaluultii Finishka ee 1866-1868 waxay dhacday ka dib markii kulayl qabow horaantii Sebtembar uu baabi'iyay dalaggii beeraha waxaana dilay ku dhawaad ​​15% dadweynaha, taasoo ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah macluushii ugu xumaa ee taariikhda Yurub. Macaluul ayaa keentay in Boqortooyada Ruushka ay dejiso xeerarka maaliyadeed, iyo maalgashiga ayaa kordhay tobannaan sano ee soo socda. Horumarka dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ahaa mid degdeg ah. Wax soo saarka guud ee gudaha (GDP) qofkiiba wuxuu weli ahaa kala bar ka Maraykanka iyo saddex meelood meel ka mid ah kan Britain [[File:Eduskunta1907.jpg|thumb|Kalfadhigii ugu horreeyay ee baarlamaanka Finland 1907dii]] Laga soo bilaabo 1869 ilaa 1917, Boqortooyada Ruushku waxay raacday siyaasad Russification ah , taas oo la hakiyey intii u dhaxaysay 1905 iyo 1908. 1906, doorasho caalami ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Grand Duchy ee Finland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xiriirka ka dhexeeya Boqortooyada Finland iyo Boqortooyada Ruushka ayaa xumaaday markii ay dowladda Ruushku bilowday inay qaado tillaabooyin lagu xakameynayo maqaamka gaarka ah ee Finland iyo madax-bannaanida. Tusaale ahaan, codbixinta caalamiga ahi waxay ahayd mid aan macno lahayn ficil ahaan, maadaama aanu tsartu ahayn inuu ansixiyo mid ka mid ah sharciyada uu soo saaro baarlamaanka Finland. rabitaanka madax-bannaanida ayaa helay dhul, marka hore ka mid ah liberals xagjirka ah iyo hantiwadaaga , qayb ka mid ah ay wadaan ku dhawaaqida February Manifesto by tsar ugu dambeeya ee Boqortooyada Ruushka, Nicholas II , on 15 February 1899. ===Dagaal sokeeye iyo xornimadii hore=== Kacaankii Febraayo 1917 ka dib , mawqifka Finland ee Grand Duchy ee hoos yimaada xukunka Boqortooyada Ruushka ayaa la iswaydiiyay. Baarlamaanka Finland oo uu gacanta ku hayo xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga ayaa meel mariyay waxa loogu yeero sharciga awooda si baarlamaanka loo siiyo awood sare. Taas waxaa diiday dawladda Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Ruushka , oo go'aansatay in la kala diro baarlamaanka. Waxa la qabtay doorashooyin cusub oo ay ku guulaysteen xisbiyada garabka midig oo tiro yar. Qaar ka mid ah Dimuqraadiyiinta Bulshada ayaa diiday inay aqbalaan natiijada, iyagoo ku andacoonaya in kala dirista baarlamaanka iyo doorashooyinkii xigay ay ahaayeen kuwo sharci darro ah. Waxaa si weyn u kala qaybsamay labada xisbi ee garabka midig iyo xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga. [[File:The victory parade of the White Army 1918.jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyihii millatariga Finnishka iyo sarkaalka CGE Mannerheim oo ah sarkaalka guud ee hogaaminaya Bandhiga Guusha Cad ee dhamaadkii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Finland ee Helsinki, 1918]] Kacaankii Oktoobar ee Ruushka ayaa beddelay xaaladda juqraafiyeed mar kale. Isla markiiba xisbiyada garabka midig ee Finland waxay bilaabeen inay dib u eegaan go'aankoodii ahaa inay joojiyaan wareejinta awoodda sare ee fulinta ee dawladda Ruushka oo loo wareejiyo Finland markii Bolsheviks ay qabsadeen xukunka Ruushka. Xukuumadda garabka midig, oo uu hoggaamiyo Ra'iisul Wasaare PE Svinhufvud , ayaa soo bandhigtay ku dhawaaqida madax-bannaanida 4 December 1917, kaas oo si rasmi ah u ansixiyay baarlamaanka Finland 6 December. Jamhuuriyadda Ruushka ee Federation Socialist Republic (RSFSR), ee uu hoggaamiyo Vladimir Lenin waxay ahayd waddankii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday madaxbannaanida Finland 4 Janaayo 1918. 27kii Janaayo 1918, dawladdu waxay bilowday inay hubka ka dhigto ciidamada Ruushka ee Ostrobothnia . Hantiwadaaga ayaa la wareegay gacan ku haynta koonfurta Finland iyo Helsinki, laakiin dawlada cadaanka ahi waxay sii waday musaafurintii Vaasa . Tani waxay keentay dagaal sokeeye oo gaaban laakiin qadhaadh . Caddaanka , oo uu taageeray Imperial Germany , ayaa ka adkaaday Reds iyo iyaga oo isku magacaabay Jamhuuriyadda Shaqaalaha Hantiwadaaga ee Finland . Dagaalka ka dib, tobanaan kun oo Reds ah ayaa lagu dhexqabtay xeryo kumanaan lagu dilay ama u dhintay nafaqo darro iyo cudurro. Cadaawad bulsheed iyo mid siyaasadeed oo qoto dheer ayaa dhexmartay Reds iyo Caddaanka taas oo socon doonta ilaa Dagaalkii Jiilaalka iyo wixii ka dambeeya. Dagaalkii sokeeye iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyadii dhaqdhaqaaqa ee Ruushka Soofiyeeti 1918-1920, oo loo yaqaan " Wars Kinship ", waxay xumeeyeen xiriirka Bariga. [[File:Helsinki Olympic stadium and stadium tower, 1938 (29438954721).jpg|thumb|Helsinki Olympic Stadium 1938kii]] Tijaabo kooban ka dib boqortooyo , markii isku daygii lagu doonayay in lagu sameeyo Prince Frederick Charles ee Hesse ee boqorka Finland, ayaa la ansixiyay dastuurka jamhuuriyadda , Finland waxay noqotay jamhuuriyad madaxtinimo , iyadoo KJ Ståhlberg loo doortay madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay 25 July 1919 . dib u habayn Finland waxay sidoo kale ka mid ahayd wadamadii ugu horeeyay ee Yurub ee si xoogan u dhiirigeliyay sinnaanta haweenka , iyadoo Miina Sillanpää ay noqotay haweeneydii ugu horeysay ee wasiir ka noqota taariikhda Finland golaha wasiirada Väinö Tanner 1926-1927. Xuduudka Finnish-Ruushka waxaa la aasaasay 1920 by Treaty of Tartu , kaas oo inta badan raacay xudduudaha taariikhiga ah laakiin wuxuu siiyay Finland Pechenga ( Finnish : Petsamo ) iyo dekeddeeda Barents Sea . Dimuqraadiyada Finnishka waxay ka badbaaday isku daygii afgambi ee Soofiyeedka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa Lapua ee ka soo horjeeda shuuciga . 1917kii waxaa dalka joogay saddex milyan oo qof. Dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, dib-u-habayn ku salaysan deyn ayaa la soo bandhigay, taas oo kordhinaysa saamiga dadweynaha ee helista raasumaalka. Qiyaastii 70% shaqaalaha ayaa laga shaqaaleysiiyay beeraha iyo 10% warshadaha ===Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka=== [[File:Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945.png|thumb|Ciidamada Finland waxay calan ka taageen cairn saddexda waddan bishii Abriil 1945 markii uu dhammaaday dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ee Finland .]] Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Naasigii Jarmalka waxay saxiixeen Heshiiskii Molotov–Ribbentrop 23kii Agoosto 1939, kaasoo Yurub u kala qeybiyay dhinacyo saameyn ku leh labada kalitalis. Iyadoo la raacayo heshiiska, Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu bilaabay Dagaalkii Jiilaalka 30kii Noofambar 1939 si uu ugu daro Finland. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Finnish waxaa aasaasay Joseph Stalin bilowgii dagaalka si uu u xukumo Finland ka dib qabsashadii Soviet. Waxaa jirtay cambaarayn caalami ah oo baahsan oo ku aaddan weerarka aan loo meel dayin waxayna keentay in Midowgii Soofiyeeti laga saaro Ururka Qaramada Midoobay . Ciidanka Cas waxaa lagu jabiyay dagaallo badan, gaar ahaan Dagaalkii Suomussalmi . Ka dib laba bilood oo horumar la taaban karo oo ka dhacay goobta dagaalka, iyo sidoo kale khasaarooyin culus oo rag ah iyo qalab, Ciidamada Soofiyeedka ayaa bilaabay inay sii socdaan Febraayo waxayna gaadheen Vyborg ( Finnish : Viipuri ) bishii Maarso. Moscow Peace Treaty waxa la saxeexay 12 March 1940, dagaalkuna wuu dhammaaday maalintii xigtay. Finland waxay difaacday madaxbannaanideeda, laakiin waxay 9% dhulkeeda ku wareejisay Midowga Soofiyeeti. Intii u dhaxaysay 1939 iyo 1944, ilaa 400,000 oo qof ayaa laga daadgureeyay Karelia [[File:Finnish areas ceded in 1944.png|thumb|Meelo ay Finland ku wareejisay Midowgii Soofiyeeti intii uu socday dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka . Heshiiskii dhulka ee Porkkala waxa lagu soo celiyay Finland 1956kii.]] Colaaddu waxay dib u soo cusboonaatay bishii Juun 1941kii oo ay la gashay dagaalkii sii socoshada , markii Finland ay isbahaysi la noqotay Jarmalka ka dib duulaankii dambe ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ; Ujeedada ugu weyn waxay ahayd in dib loo helo dhulkii ka lumay Soofiyeedka sanad ka hor. Ciidamada Finland waxay qabsadeen Bariga Karelia 1941 ilaa 1944 waxayna ka caawiyeen ciidamada Jarmalka ee go'doominta Leningrad . Weerarkii weynaa ee Soviet Vyborg-Petrozavodsk xagaagii 1944 wuxuu horseeday horumar ilaa Finns ay ugu dambeyntii ka celiyeen Tali-Ihantala . Guushii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee qayb ka mid ah ayaa keentay is-mariwaaga ka dibna dagaal gacan ka hadal ah . Waxaa xigay dagaalkii Lapland ee 1944-1945, markii Finland ay la dagaalantay dib u gurashada ciidamadii Jarmalka ee waqooyiga Finland. Armistice iyo heshiiskii ay la saxeexdeen Midowga Soofiyeeti 1944 iyo 1948 waxaa ku jiray waajibaadka Finland, xayiraadaha, iyo magdhowga, iyo sidoo kale heshiisyo dhuleed oo dheeraad ah . Natiijadii labada dagaal, Finland waxay lumisay 12% dhulkeeda, 20% awoodeeda warshadaha, magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn, Vyborg ( Finnish : Viipuri ), iyo dekedda Liinakhamari ee aan barafka lahayn ( Finnish : Liinahamari ). Finnishku waxay lumiyeen qiyaastii 97,000 oo askari waxaana lagu qasbay inay bixiyaan magdhow dagaal oo markii hore lagu dejiyay $300 milyan qiimaha 1938, markii dambana laga dhigay $226.5 milyan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waddanku wuu ka fogaaday qabsashadii ciidamada Soofiyeedka wuxuuna ku guuleystay inuu sii haysto madax-bannaanidiisa. Iyadoo ay weheliso Great Britain , Finland waxay ka soo baxday dagaalka iyada oo ah mid ka mid ah dalalka Yurub ee ka qaybqaatay colaadaha aan waligood la qabsan oo u suurtagashay in ay ilaashadaan dimoqraadiyaddeeda oo dhan. Tobannaankii sano ee ka dambeeyay dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, shuuciyadu waxay ahaayeen xisbi siyaasadeed oo xooggan. Intaa waxaa dheer, Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu ku qanciyay Finland inay diido kaalmada Marshall Plan . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo la rajeynayo in la ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida Finland, Maraykanku wuxuu bixiyay gargaar horumarineed oo qarsoodi ah wuxuuna taageeray xisbiga Social Democratic Party . ===Dagaalka ka dib=== [[File:Urho-Kekkonen-1975b (cropped).jpg|thumb|Urho Kekkonen waxa uu ahaa madaxweynihii ugu wakhtiga dheeraa ee Finland 1956-1982.]] Horumarka ganacsi ee ay la leeyihiin quwadaha reer galbeedka, sida Ingiriiska iyo bixinta magta Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxay horseedeen in Finland ay ka beddesho bulsho beeralay ah , una gudubtay mid warshadaysan. Valmet , asal ahaan goobta maraakiibta ka dibna dhowr aqoon-isweydaarsiyo bir ah, ayaa la aasaasay si loo soo saaro agabka magdhowga dagaalka. Ka dib markii magdhawga la bixiyay, Finland waxay sii waday inay ganacsi la yeelato Midowga Soofiyeeti taasoo qayb ka ah ganacsiga laba geesoodka ah . Sannadkii 1950kii, 46% shaqaalaha Finnishka ah waxay ka shaqaynayeen beeraha, saddex meelood meelna waxay ku noolaayeen magaalooyinka, laakiin shaqooyinka cusub ee wax soo saarka, adeegyada iyo ganacsiga ayaa si degdeg ah u soo jiitay dadka magaalooyinka. Celceliska tirada dhalmada ee haweeney kasta ayaa hoos uga dhacday korriinka ugu sarreeya ee 3.5 ee 1947 ilaa 1.5 ee 1973. Markii dhallaankii kobciyay ay galeen xoogga shaqada, dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ku guuldareystay inuu abuuro shaqo ku filan oo ku filan boqollaal kun ayaa u haajiray Iswidhan ka horumarsan warshadaha , iyadoo socdaalka ugu sarreeyay ee 1969 iyo 1970 ee ganacsiga Finland . Sanduuqa Caalamiga ah ee Lacagta Adduunka iyo Heshiiska Guud ee Tariifyada iyo Ganacsiga . Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii qaboobaa , Finland waxay si rasmi ah u qaadatay siyaasadda dhexdhexaadnimada . Heshiiska YYA (Heshiiska Finno-Soviet ee Saaxiibtinimada, Iskaashiga iyo Caawinta Labada Dhinac) ayaa aqoonsaday rabitaanka Finland ee ah inay ka fogaato iskahorimaadyada awoodda weyn. Laga soo bilaabo 1956-kii madaxwaynihii Urho Kekkonen wuxuu lahaa kali-talisnimo ku saabsan xiriirka Midowga Soofiyeeti, kaas oo muhiim u ahaa caannimadiisa sii socota. Siyaasadda, waxaa jirtay in laga fogaado siyaasad kasta ama odhaah kasta oo loo fasiran karo mid ka soo horjeeda Soofiyeedka. Dhacdadan waxa loogu magac daray " Findaynta " jaraa'idka Jarmalka Galbeed [[File:2018 Helsinki, Finland (41401402010).jpg|thumb|Alvar Aalto 's Finland Hall wuxuu martigeliyay Shirkii Amniga iyo Iskaashiga ee Yurub 1975kii.]] Dhaqaalaha suuqa ayaa lagu ilaalin jiray Finland. Warshado kala duwan ayaa ka faa'iideystey mudnaanta ganacsi ee Soviets. Kobaca dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ahaa mid xawli ah xilligii dagaalka ka dib, 1975-kii GDP-ga Finland qofkiiba wuxuu ahaa 15-aad ee ugu sarreeya adduunka. Intii lagu guda jiray 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii, Finland waxay dhistay mid ka mid ah dowladaha daryeelka ee ugu ballaaran adduunka. Sannadkii 1973-kii, Finland waxay heshiis la gashay Ururka Dhaqaalaha Yurub (EEC) kaas oo dhimay tacriifadaha, kor u qaadaya xiriirka ganacsiga. Go'aamo dhaqaale xumo oo la xisaabiyay, qalalaasaha bangiyada , burburka ku yimid shuraakada ganacsi ee ugu weyn, Midowgii Soofiyeeti, iyo hoos u dhac dhaqaale oo caalami ah ayaa sababay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid Finland horaantii 1990-meeyadii . Hoos-u-dhacii ayaa hoos u dhacay 1993-kii Finlandna waxay ku naaloonaysay in ka badan toban sano oo kobac dhaqaale oo joogto ah. Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ka dib, Finland waxay bilowday inay si dhow ula midowdo Galbeedka. Finland waxay ku biirtay Midowga Yurub 1995 iyo aagga euro ee 1999. Inta badan kobaca dhaqaalaha dabayaaqadii 1990-aadkii waxaa sii huriyay guusha shirkadda Nokia ee soo saarta taleefannada gacanta . ===Qarnigii 21aad=== [[File:Presidentti Sauli Niinistö ja pääministeri Sanna Marinin tiedotustilaisuus 15.5.2022 (52075250080).jpg|thumb|Raiisel wasaaraha Sanna Marin iyo madaxweynaha Sauli Niinistö shirka jaraa'id ee ku dhawaaqayay rabitaanka Finland inay ka codsato NATO 15 May 2022]] Dadka Finnishka ah waxay doorteen Tarja Halonen doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2000 , taasoo ka dhigaysa haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne ka noqota Finland. Madaxweynihii ka horreeyay, Madaxweyne Martti Ahtisaari , ka dib wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Nobel Peace Prize ee 2008. Dhibaatada maaliyadeed ee 2008 ayaa curyaamisay dhoofinta Finland 2008, taasoo keentay kobac dhaqaale oo daciif ah tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Sauli Niinistö waxaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Finland 2012 ilaa 2024, markii Alexander Stubb uu la wareegay. Taageerada Finland ee NATO ayaa sare u kacday ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee Ukraine 2022 . Kahor Febraayo 2022, ra'yi ururintu waxay muujisay aqlabiyad cidhiidhi ah laakiin go'aaminaysa xubinimada NATO;bishii Abriil, aqlabiyad weyn ayaa door biday xubinnimada. 11kii Maajo 2022, Finland waxay heshiis nabadgelyo la gashay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Maajo 12, madaxweynaha Finland iyo ra'iisul wasaaraha ayaa ku baaqay xubinimada NATO "daahitaan la'aan". Kadib, 17kii Maajo, Baarlamaanka Finland wuxuu u codeeyay 188-8 ku biiritaanka Finland ee NATO. Finland waxay xubin ka noqotay NATO markay ahayd 4 Abriil 2023. ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Map of Finland-en.svg|thumb|Khariidadda Topographic ee Finland]] U jiifso qiyaas ahaan inta u dhaxaysa loolka 60° iyo 70° N , iyo longitudes 20° iyo 32° E , Finland waa mid ka mid ah wadamada waqooyi ee aduunka. Caasimadaha aduunka, kaliya Reykjavík ayaa ka badan dhanka waqooyi marka loo eego Helsinki. Masaafada u jirta barta koonfureed - Hanko oo ku taal Uusimaa - ilaa woqooyiga ugu xigta - Nuorgam ee Lapland - waa 1,160 kiiloomitir (720 mi). Finland waxay leedahay ilaa 168,000 harooyin (aagga ka weyn 500 m 2 ama 0.12 acres) iyo 179,000 jasiiradood. Harada ugu weyn, Saimaa , waa tan afaraad ee ugu weyn Yurub. Dhulka harada Finland waa aagga harooyinka ugu badan ee dalka; qaar badan oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka waaweyn ee aagga, gaar ahaan Tampere , Jyväskylä iyo Kuopio , waxay ku yaalliin meel u dhow harooyinka waaweyn. Xeebta Finland oo ku taal xeebta Finland waa jasiiradaha adduunka ugu weyn, dhisme ka kooban in ka badan 50,000 oo jasiiradood. Meesha ugu badan ee jasiiradahaas waxaa laga helaa koonfur-galbeed qayb ka mid ah badda Baltic-ga oo lagu magacaabo badda jasiiradaha , una dhaxaysa qaaradaha Finland iyo jasiiradda Åland . Inta badan juquraafiga Finland waa natiijada xilligii barafka. Baraf-barafka ayaa ka dhumuc weynaa oo muddo dheer ku jiray Fennoscandia marka loo eego Yurub inteeda kale. Saamaynta nabaadguurku waxay gacan ka gaysatay muuqaalka guud ee Finland inta badan fidsan, oo lagu garto buuro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gobollada waqooyi, oo ay ku jiraan aagagga xuduudka ah ee buuraha Scandinavian-ka , dhulku wuxuu leeyahay dherer buuraley ah. Dhererka 1,324 mitir (4,344 ft), Halti waa meesha ugu sarreysa Finland. Waxaa laga helaa waqooyiga Lapland oo ku taal xadka u dhexeeya Finland iyo Norway. Buurta ugu sarreysa oo ay ugu sarreysay Finland oo dhan waa Ridnitšohkka oo dhan 1,316 m (4,318 ft), oo si toos ah ugu dheggan Halti. [[File:View to Pielinen from Paha-Koli in Lieksa, Finland, 2019 July.jpg|thumb|Aragtida sare ee Saana waxay ku dhacday Kilpisjärvi]] [[File:Ähtärin karhut 7.jpg|thumb|Finland waxaa ku yaal ilaa 187,888 haro oo ka weyn 500 mitir oo laba jibbaaran iyo 75,818 jasiiradood oo ka badan 0,5 km2, taasoo horseedaysa magaca "dhulka kun haro". Sawirka harada Pielinen ee Waqooyiga Karelia .]] Fiisigigraafi ahaan , Finland waxa ay wadaagaan gobollada Arctic, bartamaha Yurub, iyo waqooyiga Yurub ee Gobolka Circumboreal ee gudaha Boqortooyada Boreal . Sida laga soo xigtay WWF , dhulka Finland waxaa loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood oo kala ah : Iskandaneefiyanka iyo taiga Ruushka , kaymaha isku dhafan ee Sarmatic , iyo Scandinavian Montane Birch kaynta iyo cawska . Taiga waxay daboolaysaa inta badan Finland laga bilaabo gobollada waqooyi ee gobollada koonfureed ilaa waqooyiga Lapland. Xeebta koonfur-galbeed, koonfurta khadka Helsinki- Rauma , kaymaha waxaa lagu gartaa kaymo isku dhafan, kuwaas oo inta badan ku badan gobolka Baltic. Waqooyiga darafyada Finland, ee u dhow khadka geedka iyo Badweynta Arctic, kaymaha Montane Birch ayaa ku badan. Finland waxa ay lahayd 2018 kaymaha tusmaynta hufnaanta dhuleed celcelis ahaan 5.08/10, iyada oo ku jirta kaalinta 109aad aduunka 172 wadan. Sidoo kale, Finland waxay leedahay xayawaanno kala duwan oo ballaaran. Waxaa jira ugu yaraan lixdan nooc oo naasley ah , 248 nooc oo shimbiro taranta ah, in ka badan 70 nooc oo kalluunka ah, iyo 11 nooc oo xamaarato iyo rah ah ayaa maanta jooga, qaar badan oo ka soo haajiray dalalka deriska ah kumanaan sano ka hor. Naasleyda duurjoogta ah ee waaweyn oo si weyn loo aqoonsan yahay Finland waxaa ka mid ah orso brown , yeyda cawl , yeyda , iyo elk . Saddex ka mid ah shimbiraha aadka u yaabka leh ayaa kala ah swan whooper , shimbir weyn oo Yurub ah iyo shimbirta qaranka ee Finland; Western capercaillie , xubin weyn oo madow oo ka mid ah qoyska grouse ; iyo gorgorka Eurasia . Tan dambe waxa loo tixgaliyaa inay tahay tusaha isku xidhka kaynta korriinka hore , waxana uu hoos u dhacayay sababta oo ah kala qaybsanaanta muuqaalka. Qiyaastii 24,000 oo nooc oo cayayaan ah ayaa ku badan Finland qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan waa xoonnada qabaa'ilka kuwa lamid ah sida Onciderini sidoo kale waa caan. Shimbiraha ugu badan ee taranta waa warbler-ka safsaafka ah , roodhida caadiga ah , iyo casaanka . Qaar ka mid ah todobaatanka nooc ee kalluunka biyaha saafiga ah, pike woqooyiga , kalluun , iyo kuwa kale ayaa aad u badan. Kalluunka Atlantikada ayaa weli ah kan ugu jecel kuwa xiiseeya usha dukhsiga . Shaabada halista ah ee Saimaa , mid ka mid ah saddexda nooc ee harooyinka shaabadood ee adduunka, ayaa ka jira oo keliya nidaamka harada Saimaa ee koonfurta bari ee Finland, ilaa 390 shaabadood oo keliya maanta. Noocyadu waxay noqdeen astaanta Ururka Ilaalinta Dabeecadda ee Finland. Saddex meelood meel dhulka Finland asal ahaan waxa uu ka kooban yahay dhul mooryaan ah , qiyaastii kala badh dhulkan ayaa la miiray si loo beero qarniyadii la soo dhaafay. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Finland Köppen.svg|thumb|Noocyada kala soocidda cimilada Köppen ee Finland]] Arrinka ugu weyn ee saameeya cimilada Finland waa meesha juqraafiyeed ee dalka ee u dhaxaysa 60-aad iyo 70-aad ee waqooyi ee isku midka ah ee qaaradda Eurasia ee xeebaha. Kala soocidda cimilada ee Köppen , Finland oo dhan waxay ku taal aagga boreal , oo lagu garto xagaaga diiran iyo qabowga qabow. Dalka gudihiisa, heerkulku aad buu ugu kala duwan yahay gobollada xeebta koonfureed iyo woqooyiga daraf, taas oo muujinaysa dabeecadaha badda iyo cimilada qaaradaha labadaba . Finland waxay ku dhowdahay in ku filan [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] si ay si joogto ah ugu diiriso qulqulka Gacanka . Biyo-mareenka Gacanku wuxuu ku daraa saamaynta dhexdhexaadinta ee badda Baltic iyo harooyin badan oo gudaha ah si loo sharaxo cimilada aan caadiga ahayn ee diiran marka la barbar dhigo gobollada kale ee la wadaaga latitude , sida Alaska , Siberiya , iyo koonfurta Greenland . [[File:Share Of Forest Area In Total Land Area, Top Countries (2021).svg|thumb |Saamiga kaynta guud ahaan bedka dhulka, dalalka ugu sarreeya (2021). Finland waxay leedahay boqolkiiba tobnaad ee ugu sarreeya daboolka kaynta adduunka.]] Xilliga jiilaalka ee koonfurta Finland (marka celceliska heerkulka maalinlaha ahi uu ka hooseeyo 0 °C ama 32 °F) badiyaa waa qiyaastii 100 maalmood, gudaha gudahana barafku wuxuu sida caadiga ah daboolaa dhulka inta u dhaxaysa dabayaaqada Noofambar ilaa Abriil, meelaha xeebaha ah sida Helsinki, barafku wuxuu inta badan daboolaa dhulka laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa dhammaadka Maarso. Xataa koonfurta, habeenada jiilaalka ee ugu daran waxay arki karaan heerkulku hoos u dhaca -30 °C (-22 °F), inkasta oo meelaha xeebaha ah sida Helsinki, heerkulka ka hooseeya -30 °C (-22 °F) waa naadir. Xilliga xagaaga (marka celceliska heerkulka maalinlaha ahi uu ka sarreeyo 10 ° C ama 50 ° F) koonfurta Finland waxay dhammaadaan dhammaadka May ilaa bartamaha Sebtembar, gudaha gudahana, maalmaha ugu kulul ee Luulyo waxay gaari karaan in ka badan 35 ° C (95 ° F). [ 132 ] In kasta oo Finland inteeda badan ay ku jiifto suunka taiga , gobollada xeebta ugu xiga koonfurta ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu sifeeyaa hemiboreal . Waqooyiga Finland, gaar ahaan Lapland, jiilaalku waa dheer yahay oo qabow, halka kuleylaha uu yahay mid diiran laakiin gaaban. Maalmaha jiilaalka ee ugu daran Lapland waxay arki kartaa heerkulku hoos u dhaca -45 °C (-49 °F). Jiilaalka woqooyigu wuxuu socdaa ilaa 200 maalmood oo baraf joogto ah uu daboolo laga bilaabo badhtamaha Oktoobar ilaa horraanta May. Xagaaga waqooyiga waa mid gaaban, kaliya laba ilaa saddex bilood, laakiin wali waxay arki karaan heerkulka maalinlaha ah ee ka sarreeya 25 ° C (77 ° F) inta lagu jiro mowjadaha kulaylka. Ma jirto qayb Finland ka mid ah oo leh Arctic tundra , laakiin Alpine tundra waxaa laga heli karaa jasiiradaha Lapland . Cimilada Finnishku waxay ku habboon tahay beerashada firileyda oo keliya gobollada koonfureed, halka gobollada waqooyi ay ku habboon yihiin xannaanada xoolaha . Rubuc ka mid ah dhulka Finland waxa uu ku dhexyaalla Arctic Circle , qorraxdu saqda dhexena waxa la dareemi karaa maalmo dheeraad ah marka woqooyigu sii socdo. Dhanka waqooyi ee Finland, qorraxdu kama dhacdo 73 maalmood oo xiriir ah xilliga xagaaga, mana soo baxdo haba yaraatee 51 maalmood xilliga jiilaalka. Finland waxa ay ku jirtaa kaalinta 4-aad ee Tusaha Waxqabadka Deegaanka ee sanadka 2024. Tusmadani waxa ay isku daraysaa tilmaameyaal kala duwan oo ku saabsan arrimaha caanka ah ee adduunka oo dhan waxana ay cabbirtaa sida ay ugu fiican yihiin waddan kasta marka la eego miisaanka. Finland waxa ay dhibco fiican ka heshay cabirrada sida yaraynta Isbeddelka Cimilada, Maaraynta qashinka, wasakhowga hawada, tayada hawada iwm. ===Gobollada=== Finland waxay ka kooban tahay 19 gobol ( maakunta ). Gobollada waxaa maamula golayaasha gobollada kuwaas oo u adeega sida golayaasha iskaashiga ee degmooyinka gobolka. Hawlaha ugu waaweyn ee goboladu waa qorsheynta gobolka iyo horumarinta ganacsiga iyo waxbarashada. Intaa waxaa dheer, adeegyada caafimaadka dadweynaha waxaa sida caadiga ah loo abaabulaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo gobollada. Golayaasha gobolada waxaa soo doorta golayaasha degmooyinka, degmo kastaa waxay soo dirtaa wakiilo sida tirada dadkeeda ah. Marka laga yimaaddo wada shaqaynta dawladaha hoose, oo ah masuuliyadda golayaasha gobollada, gobol kastaa wuxuu leeyahay xarun shaqo oo dawladeed oo u xilsaaran maamulka deegaanka ee shaqada, beeraha, kalluumaysiga, dhirta, iyo arrimaha ganacsiga. Taariikh ahaan, gobolladu waa qaybo ka mid ah gobollada taariikhiga ah ee Finland , meelo si sax ah u metelaya lahjadaha iyo dhaqanka deegaanka. Lix hay'adood oo maamul goboleed ayaa mas'uul ka ah mid ka mid ah gobollada loo yaqaan alue ; Intaa waxaa dheer, Åland waxaa loo magacaabay gobol toddobaad. ===Qaybaha maamulka=== [[File:Finland administrative divisions 2.svg|thumb|Degmooyinka (xuduudaha khafiifka ah) iyo gobollada (xuduudaha dhumucda leh) ee Finland (2021)]] Qaybaha aasaasiga ah ee maamulka dalka waa degmooyinka , kuwaas oo sidoo kale laga yaabaa inay isku magacaabaan magaalooyinka ama magaalooyinka. Waxay ku xisaabtamaan kala bar kharashka dadweynaha. Kharashka waxa lagu maalgeliyaa cashuurta dakhliga ee dawladda hoose, kabka dawladda, iyo dakhliga kale. Laga bilaabo 2021 , waxaa jira 309 degmo, oo intooda badan waxay leeyihiin wax ka yar 6,000 degane. Marka laga reebo degmooyinka, laba heer oo dhexdhexaad ah ayaa la qeexay. Degmooyinku waxay iska kaashadaan todobaatan gobol iyo sagaal iyo toban gobol . Kuwaas waxaa maamula degmooyinka xubnaha ka ah waxayna leeyihiin oo kaliya awoodo xadidan. Ismaamulka Åland wuxuu leeyahay gole deegaan oo si dimoqraadi ah loo soo doortay. Dadka Sami waxay ku leeyihiin gobolka Lapland ee ku yaal gobolka Sami ee u dhashay arrimaha ku saabsan luqadda iyo dhaqanka. Adeegyada caafimaadka , bulshada iyo xaaladaha degdegga ah waxaa qabanqaabiya degmooyinka adeegyada samaqabka . Finland waxeey lee dahay 21 gobol oo adeegyada fayoqabka ah, qaab dhismeedka gobolku wuxuu inta badan ku saleysan yahay qaab dhismeedka gobolka. Maamulka gobolka , oo mas'uul ka ah hawlgalka, maamulka iyo dhaqaalaha deegaanka, ayaa ah hay'adda ugu sareysa ee go'aan ka gaarida adeegyada fayoqabka. Ergada iyo gudoomiye ku xigeenada golaha deegaanka ayaa lagu soo doortaa doorashada gobolada dalka muddo afar sano ah. Degmooyinka adeegyada samaqabka ayaa iskood u maamula. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaq uma laha in ay canshuur qaadaan oo dhaqaalahooda ayaa ku saleysan maalgelinta dowladda dhexe. Gobolka caasimadda - oo ka kooban Helsinki, Vantaa , Espoo iyo Kauniainen - waxa ay samaysaa xaafad joogto ah oo ka kooban 1.28 milyan oo qof. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maamulka guud wuxuu ku xaddidan yahay wadashaqeyn mutadawacnimo ee dhammaan degmooyinka, tusaale ahaan golaha deegaanka ee Helsinki. ==Dowladda iyo siyaasadda== [[File:Alexander Stubb - 2024 (73516) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Alexander Stubb , Madaxweynihii 13aad tan iyo 1-dii Maarso 2024]] [[File:Petteri-Orpo-01 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Petteri Orpo ,Raiiselwasaarihii 47aad tan iyo 20kii Juun 2023]] Qiyamka casriga ah ee Finnishku wuxuu ku qotomaa fikradaha sinnaanta . Wadanku waxa uu ilaaliyaa qaabka daryeelka Waqooyiga Yurub iyada oo faragelin weyn oo dawladeed ku hayso qaybaha dhaqaalaha ee muhiimka ah . Xuquuqda LGBT adag , dadaallo xooggan oo lagu ciribtirayo faqriga, ilaalinta ballaaran ee xuquuqda haweenka , cilmaaninimada , iyo deegaanku waa tilmaamayaasha qiyamkeeda siyaasadeed iyo dhaqameed. [[File:BlueEurozone.svg|thumb|]] ===Dastuurka=== Dastuurka Finland ayaa qeexaya nidaamka siyaasadeed; Finland waa jamhuuriyad baarlamaani ah oo ku dhex jirta nidaamka dimoqraadiyadda wakiillada . Ra’iisul Wasaaruhu waa qofka ugu awoodda badan dalka. Muwaadiniintu waxay u tartami karaan oo ay ka codayn karaan doorashooyinka baarlamaanka, degmada, madaxtooyada, iyo Midowga Yurub ===Madaxweyne=== Madaxa dawladda Finland waa Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda . Finland waxay lahayd, inta badan madax-bannaanideeda nidaam dawladeed oo ku-meel-gaar ah , laakiin dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay awoodaha madaxweynaha ayaa noqday kuwo la jaan-qaadaya, sidaas awgeedna dalku hadda waxaa loo arkaa Jamhuuriyad baarlamaani ah . Dastuur cusub, oo la dhaqan galiyay 2000, ayaa madaxtooyadu ugu horrayn ka dhigay xafiis xafladeed. Madaxweynaha ayaa Ra’iisul Wasaaraha u magacaabaya sidii uu Baarlamaanku u soo dooran lahaa , magacaabista iyo xil ka qaadista Wasiirada kale ee Xukuumadda Finland marka uu soo jeediyo Ra’iisul Wasaaraha, waxa uu furo kalfadhiyada Baarlamaanka, waxaana uu bixiyaa sharaf dowladeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, madaxweynaha ayaa weli mas'uul ka ah xiriirka dibadda ee Finland , oo ay ku jiraan samaynta dagaalka iyo nabadda, laakiin laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira Midowga Yurub . Waxaa intaa dheer, madaxwaynuhu waxa uu ku shaqeeyaa taliska ugu sareeya ee ciidamada difaaca Finland isaga oo ah taliyaha guud. Isagoo adeegsanaya awoodihiisa dibadda iyo difaaca waxaa madaxweynaha looga baahan yahay inuu la tashado dowladda Finland , balse talada dowladdu ma ahan mid dhaqan gal ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, madaxweynuhu wuxuu leeyahay dhowr awoodood oo kayd ah oo gudaha ah , oo ay ku jiraan awoodda diidmada sharciga, bixinta cafiska, iyo inuu magacaabo dhowr sarkaal oo dadweyne ah. Madaxweynaha waxa kale oo uu Dastuurku uga baahan yahay inuu shaqada ka cayriyo shaqsiyaad wasiiro ah ama dhammaan xukuumadda marka uu baarlamaanku kalsoonida kala noqdo. Madaxweynaha waxaa si toos ah lagu soo doortaa codeyn ku celis ah waxaana uu xilka hayn karaa ugu badnaan labo xilli oo isku xigta 6 sano oo xiriir ah. Madaxweynaha hadda waa Alexander Stubb , oo xilka la wareegay 1-dii Maarso 2024 . Kuwii ka horeeyey waxa ay ahaayeen Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (1919–1925), Lauri Kristian Relander (1925–1931), Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1931–1937), Kyösti Kallio (1937–1940), Risto Ryti (1940–1944), Carnnerheim (1944–1946), Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1946–1956), Urho Kekkonen (1956–1982), Mauno Koivisto (1982–1994), Martti Ahtisaari (1994–2000), Tarja Halonen (2000–2012) iyo Saul (2000–2012). ===Baarlamaanka=== [[File:Parlamento, Helsinki, Finlandia, 2012-08-14, DD 02.JPG|thumb|Dhismaha ugu weyn ee baarlamaanka Finland ee Helsinki]] [[File:Eduskunta istuntosali.jpg|thumb|Hoolka Fadhiga ee Baarlamaanka Finland]] Baarlamaanka Finland oo ka kooban 200 oo xubnood ( Finnish : Eduskunta ) ayaa leh awoodda sharci dejinta ee ugu sarreysa dalka. Waxa laga yaabaa in ay wax ka beddesho dastuurka iyo xeerarka caadiga ah, ay riddo golaha xukuumadda, oo ay meesha ka saarto diidmada qayaxan ee madaxweynaha. Falalka ay sameeyeen kuma xirna dib u eegis garsoor; Dastuurka cusub ee sharciyada cusub waxaa qiimeynaya guddiga sharciga dastuurka ee baarlamaanka . Baarlamaanka waxaa lagu soo doortaa muddo afar sano ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka saami qaybsiga D'Hondt ee dhowr degmo doorasho oo badan iyadoo loo marayo liiska ugu furan degmooyinka xubnaha badan. Guddiyada kala duwan ee baarlamaanka ayaa dhageystay khubarada oo soo diyaariya sharciyo. Xisbiyada baarlamaanka ee muhiimka ah waa Centerpartiet , Christian Democrats , Finland , Green League , Vänsterpartiet , National National Coalition Party , Socialdemokraterna iyo SF . ===Sharciga=== [[File:Supreme Court of Finland.jpg|thumb|Golaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Maxkamadda Sare]] Nidaamka garsoorka Finland waa nidaamka sharciga madaniga ah oo u kala qaybiya maxkamado leh awood sharci oo caadi ah oo madaniga ah iyo kuwa dembiilayaasha ah iyo maxkamadaha maamulka oo awood u leh dacwadaha u dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka iyo maamulka dadweynaha. Sharciga Finland waa la habeeyey oo ku salaysan sharciga Iswiidhishka iyo macnaha guud, sharciga madaniga ah ama sharciga Roomaanka . Habka maxkamadaha ee xukun maxkamadeed ee madaniga iyo dembiyada wuxuu ka kooban yahay maxkamadaha maxalliga ah, maxkamadaha racfaanka ee gobolka iyo Maxkamadda Sare . Qaybta maamulka ee cadaaladdu waxay ka kooban tahay maxkamadaha maamulka iyo maxkamadda sare ee maamulka . Marka laga soo tago maxkamadaha caadiga ah, waxaa jira dhowr maxkamadood oo gaar ah oo ka jira qaybo ka mid ah maamulka. Waxa kale oo jirta Maxkamadda Sare ee Eedaynta dambiyada ee ka dhanka ah qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha sarsare. Qiyaastii 92% dadka deggan Finland waxay ku kalsoon yihiin hay'adaha ammaanka ee Finland. Guud ahaan heerka dembiyada Finland maaha mid sarreeya marka loo eego macnaha EU. Noocyada dambiyada qaarkood ayaa ka sarreeya celceliska, gaar ahaan heerka sare ee dilka ee Galbeedka Yurub. Nidaam maalinle ah oo ganaax ah ayaa shaqeynaya waxaana sidoo kale lagu dabaqaa dembiyada sida xawaaraha . Finland waxay leedahay eedeymo musuqmaasuq oo aad u hooseeya; Hay’adda Transparency International ayaa Finland ku tilmaantay mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu musuqmaasuqa yar Yurub. ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:Nobel Peace Prize 2008 Ole Danbolt Mjøs & Martti Ahtisaari 1.jpg|thumb|Martti Ahtisaari oo helay abaalmarinta nabadda ee Nobel Peace Prize 2008dii]] Awoodda dhexe ee Finland waxaa ka mid ah dhaqaale xooggan, iskaashi caalami ah, iyo u heellanaanta xuquuqda aadanaha. Sida ku cad dastuurka 2012, madaxweynuhu wuxuu hoggaamiyaa siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda isagoo la kaashanaya dawladda, marka laga reebo in madaxweynuhu aanu wax door ah ku lahayn arrimaha EU-da. Sannadkii 2008, madaxweyne Martti Ahtisaari waxa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta nabadda ee Nobel Peace Prize . Xiriirka Finland iyo Ruushka ayaa xumaaday ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee 2022 ee Ukraine , iyadoo tiro ka mid ah diblomaasiyiin Ruush ah lagu eryay basaasnimo, Ruushku wuxuu xaddiday booqashada Finland iyo ra'yiga guud ayaa isla markiiba isbeddelay in Finland ay ku biirto NATO , halka ay sidoo kale saameyn weyn ku yeelatay xoojinta xiriirka Mareykanka iyo Finland . Marka loo eego 2024 Global Peace Index , Finland waa dalka 13-aad ee ugu nabdoon adduunka. ===Milatari=== [[File:Tracked transport vehicle Sisu NA 110.JPG|thumb|Sisu Nasu NA-110 waxay la socdeen gaadiidka ciidamada Finland. Inta badan askarta la askareeyo waxay helaan tababaro dagaal xilliga jiilaalka, gaadiidka gawaadhida sidan oo kale ah waxay siinayaan dhaqdhaqaaqa baraf culus.]] Ciidanka difaaca Finland waxa uu ka kooban yahay ciidan , badda iyo ciidanka cirka . Ilaalada xuduudaha , inta ay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha, waxaa lagu dari karaa Ciidanka Difaaca xilliga dagaalka. Finland waxay haysaa qoritaanka lab ee caalamiga ah , kaas oo dhammaan ragga Finnishka ah ee da'doodu ka weyn tahay 18 sano ay u adeegaan 6 ilaa 12 bilood oo ah adeeg hubaysan ama 12 bilood oo ah adeeg rayid ah (aan hubaysnayn). Milateriga Finland wuxuu ka kooban yahay askar xirfadlayaal ah (badanaa saraakiil iyo farsamoyaqaanno), askar qoran iyo tiro badan oo kayd ah. Xoogga u diyaargarowga caadiga ah waa 34,700 oo qof oo lebisan dirayska, kuwaas oo 25% ay yihiin askar xirfad leh; kaydka oo dhan waxa uu ka kooban yahay ku dhawaad ​​900,000 oo qof. Shaqaalaynta iskaa wax u qabso ah ee dib-u-qorista ka dib adeegga nabad-ilaalinta ee dibadda waa caan, ciidamaduna waxay u adeegaan adduunka oo dhan UN, NATO, iyo EU-da. Haweenka waxaa loo oggol yahay inay u adeegaan dhammaan hubka dagaalka; 2022, 1,211 haween ah ayaa galay shaqo milatari oo ikhtiyaari ah. Kharashka difaaca ee Finland qofkiiba waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya Midowga Yurub. Iyada oo leh karti sare oo shaqaale militari ah , arsenal iyo rabitaanka difaaca dalka , Finland waa mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu militariga badan Yurub. Finland waxay xubin ka noqotay NATO markay ahayd 4 Abriil 2023, in kasta oo ay hore uga qayb qaadatay Ciidanka Waxqabadka NATO . Finland waxay si firfircoon uga qaybqaadataa hawlgallada milatari ee dhinacyo badan leh, oo ay ku jiraan Ciidanka Isku-dhafka ah (JEF), Kooxda Dagaalka ee EU , iyo Ciidanka Kosovo ; Waxa kale oo ay gacan ka gaysatay Ciidanka Caawimada Ammaanka ee Afgaanistaan. 18kii Diseembar 2023, Finland waxay la saxeexatay Maraykanka Heshiiska Iskaashiga Difaaca (DCA) , kaas oo nidaaminaya joogitaanka ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka iyo kuwa ku tiirsan dhulka Finnishka ah iyo joogitaanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa alaab-qeybiyeyaasha difaaca Mareykanka. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== [[File:Helsinki Cathedral before Helsinki Pride Parade 2022-07-02.jpg|thumb|Dadku waxay isugu imanayaan fagaaraha Senate-ka , Helsinki , ka hor inta aanu 2022 dabaal-degga Helsinki kibirku bilaabmin.]] Finland waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah nidaamyada samafal ee ugu ballaadhan adduunka , kaas oo dammaanad qaadaya xaalad nololeed oo habboon dhammaan dadka deggan. Nidaamka samafalku waxa la abuuray ku dhawaad ​​​​soddonkii sano ee ugu horreeyay dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ka dib. Qodobka 6-aad ee dastuurka Finland wuxuu leeyahay: "Qofna looma dhigi karo jago ka duwan xaaladda jinsiga, da'da, asalka, luqadda, diinta, caqiidada, ra'yiga, xaaladda caafimaad, naafanimada ama sabab kale oo shakhsi ahaaneed la'aanteed sabab la aqbali karo". Finland waxa ay gashay meel ka saraysa celceliska wadamada aduunka ee dimoqraadiyada , xoriyada saxaafada , iyo horumarka aadanaha . Amnesty International waxay walaac ka muujisay arrimaha Finland qaarkood, sida xadhiga dadka damiirka diida , iyo takoorka bulshada ee ka dhanka ah dadka Roomaanka iyo xubnaha qowmiyadaha kale iyo luqadaha kale. Warbixinta dallada Yurub ee ILGA-Europe oo la daabacay May 2023, Finland waxay gashay kaalinta lixaad marka la barbardhigo Yurubta ee xuquuqda LGBTQ+ . ==Dhaqaalaha== Laga bilaabo 2022 , Finland waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 16aad adduunka guud ahaan GDP-ga magac ahaan marka loo eego IMF . Intaa waxaa dheer, Finland waxay ku faantaa nidaam samafal oo si wanaagsan u horumaray oo ka kooban waxbarasho lacag la'aan ah iyo daryeel caafimaad oo caalami ah, taas oo gacan ka geysata sumcadeeda mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu qanisan. Qaybta adeeggu waa qaybta ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha, oo dhan 66% GDP, halka wax soo saarka iyo sifaynta ay ka yihiin 31%. Wax-soo-saarka asaasiga ahi wuxuu ka dhigan yahay 2.9% dhaqaalaha. ​​Wax-soo-saarku waa qaybta dhaqaalaha aasaasiga ah ee khuseeya ganacsiga dibadda . Qaybaha warshadaha ugu badan ee 2007 waxay ahaayeen elektiroonigga (22%), mishiinnada, baabuurta, iyo alaabada kale ee birta la farsameeyay (21.1%), warshadaha kaynta (13%), iyo kiimikooyinka (11%). Wax soo saarka guud ee gudaha waxa uu gaadhay halkii ugu saraysay sanadka 2021 [[File:Kittilä mine.jpg|thumb|Kittilä Gold Mine , oo ku taal Kittilä , Finnish Lapland , waa soo-saarka dahabka aasaasiga ah ee ugu weyn Yurub.]] Finland waxay leedahay alwaax aad u badan, macdan (oo ay ku jiraan birta , chromium , copper , nikkel iyo [[dahab]] ) iyo kheyraadka biyaha macaan. Wax soo saarka dahabka ee Finland 2015 wuxuu ahaa 9 metrik ton. Dadka reer miyiga ah, kaymaha , warshadaha waraaqaha iyo beeraha ayaa muhiim u ah. Agagaarka magaalada Helsinki ayaa qiyaastii ah saddex-meelood meel GDP-ga Finland. Adeegyada gaarka loo leeyahay waa shaqo-bixiyaha ugu weyn Finland. Ciidda Finland iyo cimiladeeda waxay caqabado gaar ah ku yihiin wax-soo-saarka dalagga, oo leh jiilaal adag iyo xilliyo wax-soo-saarkoodu aad u gaaban yahay, oo inta badan uu kala gooyo dhaxan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baahsanaanta Gacanka Gacanka iyo Waqooyiga Atlaantigga Drift Hadda ee cimilada qabow ee Finland waxay u oggolaanaysaa kala badh dhulka la beeran karo ee adduunka ee woqooyiga 60° woqooyiga loolka. Inkasta oo roobabka sannadlaha ahi ay guud ahaan ku filan yihiin, inta badan waxay da'aan xilliga jiilaalka, taas oo keeneysa khatar joogto ah oo abaaro xagaaga ah. Beeraleydu waxay la qabsadeen jawiga iyagoo ku tiirsan noocyada dalagyada degdega ah u bislaada iyo dhaxan u adkaysta. Waxay beeraan jiirada koonfurta u jeedda iyo dhulka hoose ee hodanka ah si loo hubiyo wax soo saarka sanadka oo dhan, xitaa xilliga dhaxan xagaaga. Nidaamyada dareeraha ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa si meesha looga saaro biyaha xad dhaafka ah. Waaxda beeraha ee Finland waxay muujisay hufnaan iyo wax soo saar la yaab leh, gaar ahaan marka la barbar dhigo dhiggeeda Yurub. Kaymaha ayaa muhiim u ah dhaqaalaha qaranka, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya adduunka ee soo saara alwaaxyada, waxayna alaabta ceeriin ku soo bandhigtaa qiimo tartan ah warshadaha warshadaynta alwaaxda . Dawladdu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay kaymaha muddo dheer oo la mid ah kan beeraha. Waxa ay nidaamisay jarista dhirta, waxa ay kafaala qaaday horumarinta farsamada, waxa ay dejisay qorshayaal wakhti dheer ah si loo dammaanad qaado waaritaanka kaymaha dalka ee sahayda warshadaynta dhirta. Laga bilaabo 2008 , celceliska heerka dakhliga, ee lagu hagaajiyay awoodda wax iibsiga, wuxuu ahaa mid la mid ah kan Talyaaniga, Sweden, Jarmalka iyo Faransiiska. Sannadkii 2006, 62% ee xoogga shaqaalaha waxaa shaqaaleysiiyay shirkado ka yar 250 shaqaale, kuwaas oo soo saaray 49% wadarta dakhliga ganacsiga. Heerarka shaqaalaynta dumarku waa sarreeyaa. Kala soocidda jinsiga ee u dhexeeya xirfadaha ragga u badan iyo xirfadaha ay dumarku u badan yihiin waa ka sarreeyaa kuwa Maraykanka. Qaybta shaqaalaha waqti-dhiman waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya OECD ee 1999. Laga bilaabo 2013 , 10 shaqo-bixiyeyaasha ugu waaweyn ee qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ee Finland waxay ahaayeen Itella , Nokia , OP - Pohjola , ISS , VR , Kesko , UPM -Kymmenea , Nordetso , Y. Laga bilaabo 2022 , heerka shaqo la'aantu waxay ahayd 6.8%. Laga bilaabo 2024 , 47% qoysasku waxay ka kooban yihiin hal qof, 32% laba qof iyo 21% saddex qof ama ka badan.Celcelis ahaan meesha la deggan yahay waa 40 mitir oo laba jibbaaran (430 sq ft) qofkiiba. Sannadkii 2023, GDP-ga Finland waxa uu gaadhay €273 bilyan. 2022, guud ahaan 74 boqolkiiba dadka shaqeeya waxay ka shaqeeyeen adeegyada iyo maamulka, 21 boqolkiiba warshadaha iyo dhismaha, iyo afar boqolkiiba beeraha iyo kaynta. Finland waxay leedahay iskaashatooyinka ugu badan marka loo eego dadkeeda. Tafaariiqda ugu weyn, oo sidoo kale ah loo-shaqeeyaha ugu weyn ee gaarka loo leeyahay, S-Group , iyo bangiga ugu weyn, OP-Group, ee dalka labaduba waa iskaashatooyin. ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:VR Sr2 3202 Tampere 2012-06-22.JPG|thumb|A nooca VR Class Sr2 . VR -da ay dowladdu leedahay waxay ka shaqeysaa shabakad tareen oo u adeegta dhammaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Finland.]] [[File:FIN A350 OH-LWA 7oct15 LFBO-2.jpg|thumb|Diyaarad Finnair oo ku taal Gegida Diyaaradaha ee Helsinki]] Nidaamka waddooyinka Finland waxaa isticmaala inta badan xamuulka gudaha iyo gaadiidka rakaabka. Kharashka isku xidhka wadooyinka ee ay dawladu maamusho sanadkii oo dhan €1 bilyan waxa lagu bixiyaa cashuuraha gaadiidka iyo shidaalka kuwaas oo dhan ilaa 1.5 bilyan iyo €1 bilyan, siday u kala horreeyaan. Wadooyinka waaweyn ee Finland , wadooyinka ugu muhiimsan uguna mashquulka badan waxaa ka mid ah Wadada Turku ( E18 ), Tampere Highway ( E12 ), Wadada Lahti ( E75 ) iyo Wadooyinka giraanta ( Ring I iyo Ring III ) ee magaalada Helsinki iyo Wadada Tampere Ring Road ee magaalada Tampere . Kadinka rakaabka caalamiga ah ee ugu weyn waa Gegida Diyaaradaha ee Helsinki , kaas oo qaadi jiray ilaa 15.3 milyan oo rakaab ah sanadka 2023. 26 garoon diyaaradeed oo kale ayaa qorsheeyey adeegyada rakaabka. Gegida diyaaradaha ee Helsinki ee fadhigeedu yahay Finnair , Blue1 , iyo Nordic Regional Airlines , Norwegian Air Shuttle waxay iibisaa adeegyada hawada gudaha iyo dibaddaba. Dawladdu waxay sannad walba ku kharash garaysaa ilaa €350 milyan si ay u ilaaliso 5,865 kiiloomitir (3,644 mi) ee shabakadda waddooyinka tareenada. Gaadiidka tareenada waxaa gacanta ku haya kooxda VR ee ay dowladdu leedahay . 210​​​​​​​​​​​​ Helsinki waxay furtay nidaamka metro-ga waqooyi ee aduunka 1982. Inta badan shixnadaha caalamiga ah waxaa lagu maamulaa dekedaha. Dekedda Vuosaari ee Helsinki waa dekedda weelka ugu weyn ee Finland; Kuwa kale waxaa ka mid ah Kotka , Hamina , Hanko , Pori , Rauma , iyo Oulu . Helsinki iyo Turku waxaa jira gaadiid rakaab ah oo isku xira Tallinn , Mariehamn , Stockholm iyo Travemünde . Waddada Helsinki-Tallinn waa mid ka mid ah marinnada badda ee rakaabka ee ugu mashquulka badan adduunka. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Hameenlinna.JPG|thumb|Qasriga taariikhiga ah ee Häme ee Hämeenlinna wuxuu ku yaal meel u dhow harada Vanajavesi ]] Sannadkii 2017, dalxiiska Finland wuxuu soo xareeyay qiyaastii €15.0 bilyan. Lacagtaan, €4.6 bilyan (30%) waxay ka timid dalxiiska shisheeye. Sannadkii 2017, waxaa jiray 15.2 milyan oo habeen oo dalxiisayaal gudaha ah iyo 6.7 milyan oo habeen oo dalxiisayaal shisheeye ah. Dalxiiska ayaa ku dhawaad ​​2.7% ku biiriyay GDP-ga Finland. Lapland ayaa leh dalxiiska ugu badan ee gobol kasta oo Finnish ah. Xagga sare ee wareegga Arctic Circle , bartamihii jiilaalka, waxaa jira habeen cirifka ah , muddo marka qorraxdu aysan soo bixin maalmo ama toddobaadyo, ama xitaa bilo, iyo sida u dhiganta, qorraxdu saqda dhexe ee xagaaga, iyada oo aan qorraxdu dhicin xitaa saqda dhexe (ilaa 73 maalmood oo isku xigta, oo ah barta waqooyi). Lapland waa ilaa woqooyiga in aurora borealis , fluorescence ee jawiga sare ee dabaysha qorraxda , si joogto ah loo arko dayrta, jiilaalka, iyo guga. Lapland Finnish sidoo kale waxaa loo arkaa guriga Santa Claus , oo leh jardiinooyin badan oo mawduucyo ah, sida Santa Claus Village iyo Santa Park ee Rovaniemi . Goobaha kale ee dalxiiska ee muhiimka ah ee Lapland waxa kale oo ka mid ah meelaha lagu nasto ee barafka lagu ciyaaro ( sida Levi , Ruka iyo Ylläs ) iyo fuushan sariireed oo ay hogaaminayaan cawsha ama cawska . [[File:Suomenlinna.jpg|thumb|Hadda oo ku taal Helsinki, Suomenlinna waa goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO oo ka kooban qalcad badeed la degganaa qarnigii 18aad oo laga dhisay lix jasiiradood. Waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu caansan ee loo dalxiis tago ee Finland]] Goobaha dalxiiska ee Finland waxaa ka mid ah muuqaalka dabiiciga ah ee laga helo dalka oo dhan iyo sidoo kale meelaha soo jiidashada leh ee magaalooyinka. Finland waxay ka kooban tahay 40 jardiinooyin qaran ah (sida Koli National Park oo ku taal Waqooyiga Karelia ), laga bilaabo xeebaha koonfureed ee Gacanka Finland ilaa dhulka sare ee Lapland. Dhaqdhaqaaqyada bannaanka waxay u dhexeeyaan skiing Nordic , golf, kalluumeysi, doon bood-bood , doomo haro, socod lug ah, iyo kayaking , iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Daawashada shimbiruhu waxay caan ku tahay kuwa jecel avifauna, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugaarsiga sidoo kale waa caan. Goobaha ugu caansan ee dalxiiska ee Helsinki waxaa ka mid ah Helsinki Cathedral iyo qalcadda badda Suomenlinna . Jardiinooyinka Finnishka ee ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah Linnanmäki oo ku taal Helsinki iyo Särkänniemi ee Tampere . St. Olaf's Castle ( Olavinlinna ) ee Savonlinna waxay martigelisaa Bandhigga Opera ee Savonlinna ee sannadlaha ah , iyo millatariga dhexe ee magaalooyinka Turku , Rauma iyo Porvoo ayaa sidoo kale soo jiitay daawadayaasha. Safarrada ganacsiga ee u dhexeeya magaalooyinka waaweyn ee xeebaha iyo dekedaha ee gobolka Baltic waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan warshadaha dalxiiska maxalliga ah. ===Siyaasadda guud=== [[File:Helsingborg 2013-05-18 (9028295238).jpg|thumb|Calamada wadamada Waqooyiga Yurub ee bidix ilaa midig: Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Norway iyo Finland.]] Siyaasiyiinta Finnishka ayaa inta badan ku dayday qaabka Waqooyiga Yurub. Waqooyiga Yurub waxay ahaayeen ganacsi bilaash ah in ka badan qarni. Heerka ilaalinta ganacsiga badeecadaha ayaa ahaa mid hooseeya, marka laga reebo wax soo saarka beeraha. Finland waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 13aad ee 2025 tilmaanta caalamiga ah ee xorriyadda dhaqaalaha iyo sagaalaad ee Yurub. Sida laga soo xigtay OECD, kaliya afar waddan oo EU-15 ah ayaa leh suuqyo wax soo saar oo nidaamsan iyo mid keliya ayaa leh suuqyo maaliyadeed oo nidaamsan . Buugga Sannadka Tartanka Adduunka ee 2024 IMD ayaa Finland ka galay kaalinta 15-aad ee ugu tartanka badan . 218​​​​​ Nidaamka sharcigu waa cad yahay iyo xafiisyo ganacsi oo ka yar inta badan wadamada. Xuquuqda hantida si wanaagsan ayaa loo ilaaliyaa heshiisyada qandaraasyadana si adag ayaa loo sharfay. Finland waxaa lagu qiimeeyay dalka ugu musuqmaasuqa yar aduunka marka loo eego tusmada aragtiyaha musuqmaasuqa iyo 20aad ee fududaynta samaynta tusmada ganacsiga . Finland heshiisyada shaqadu waa kuwo caalami ah oo jira. Kuwan waxaa loo diyaariyaa dhowrkii sanoba mar xirfad kasta iyo heer sare, iyada oo leh shaqooyin yar oo ka baxsan nidaamka. Heshiisku waxa uu noqdaa mid caalami ah oo la dhaqan geliyo waa haddii in ka badan 50% shaqaaluhu ay taageeraan, dhaqan ahaan iyaga oo xubin ka ah urur shaqaale oo ay khusayso. Heerka midawgu waa sarreeyaa (70%), gaar ahaan dabaqadda dhexe ( AKAVA , inta badan xirfadlayaasha jaamacadda wax ku bartay: 80%). ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Dadka Finland waa ku dhawaad ​​5.6 milyan. Heerka dhalashadu waa 7.8 1,000kii qof ee deggan, taasoo siinaysa heerka bacriminta 1.26 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba , mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka oo aad uga hooseeya heerka beddelka ee 2.1. Sannadkii 1887-kii, Finland waxay diiwaangelisay heerka ugu sarreeya, iyada oo 5.17 carruur ah ay dhalatay haweeneydiiba. Heerka dhimashada carruurtu waa 2.1 dhimasho 1,000kii dhallaan kasta, mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka; Tan waxaa loo aaneynayaa nidaam caafimaad oo xooggan iyo dadaallada daryeelka hooyada oo adag, oo ay ku jiraan barnaamijka xirmada dhalmada . Finland waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah dadka ugu da'da weyn adduunka, oo leh da'da dhexe ee 44.0 sano iyo 23.6% dadweynaha da'doodu tahay 65 iyo ka weyn. Finland waxay leedahay celcelis ahaan cufnaanta dadweynaha 19 degane kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran. Tani waa cufnaanta saddexaad ee ugu hooseeysa Yurub, ka dib Norway iyo Iceland , iyo kan ugu hooseeya Midowga Yurub. Dadka reer Finland ayaa had iyo jeer ku soo ururay koonfurta dalka, waana arrin aad u soo shaac baxday intii lagu jiray magaalooyinka qarnigii 20-aad. Saddex ka mid ah afarta magaalo ee ugu waaweyn Finland waxay ku yaalliin agagaarka caasimadda : Helsinki, Espoo iyo Vantaa . Magaalada Tampere waa sadexaad ka dib Helsinki iyo Espoo, Vantaana waa afraad. Magaalooyinka kale ee ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100,000 waa Turku , Oulu , Jyväskylä , Kuopio iyo Lahti . Tirada dadka soo galootiga ah ee Finland way sii kordhaysaa. Laga bilaabo 2024 , Finland waxaa ku noolaa 623,949 qof asal shisheeye ah (11.1% dadweynaha), badankood waxay ka yimaadeen Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, Estonia, Ciraaq, Soomaaliya, Ukraine, Shiinaha iyo Hindiya. Carruurta ajaanibka ah si toos ah looma siiyo dhalashada Finnishka, maadaama sharciga jinsiyadda Finnishku uu ilaalinayo siyaasadda Jus sanguinis , taas oo keliya carruurta ay dhaleen ugu yaraan hal waalid oo Finnish ah la siiyo jinsiyadda. Haddii ay ku dhasheen Finland oo aysan heli karin dhalasho waddan kale, waxay noqonayaan muwaadiniin Finnish ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, dadka qaarkood oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Finnishka ee ku nool wadamada mar ka mid ahaa Midowga Soofiyeeti waxay heystaan ​​xuquuqda soo noqoshada , ie xaq u leeyihiin in ay degaan rasmi ah ka sameystaan ​​waddanka, taas oo ugu dambeyntii xaq u siin doonta dhalashada. Laga bilaabo 2024 , 10.3% dadka Finnishka ah waxay ku dhasheen ajaanib. Soo-galootinkii ugu dambeeyay ayaa keenay in waddanku leeyahay dad aad u tiro badan oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha Istooniyaanka , Ruushka , Ukrainiyiinta , Ciraaqiyiinta , Shiinaha , Soomaalida , Filibiiniinta , Hindida iyo Iiraaniyiinta . Dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Finland waxaa ka mid ah Sami, Roma , Yuhuuda iyo Tataarka . Roma oo ka tirsan kooxda Kale ee Finland waxay degeen waddanka dhammaadkii qarnigii 16aad ===Luuqada=== [[File:Languages of Finnish municipalities (2016).svg|thumb|]] Finnish iyo Iswidish waa luqadaha rasmiga ah ee Finland. Finnishka ayaa ku badan dalka oo dhan halka Iswidishka looga hadlo qaar ka mid ah xeebaha galbeedka iyo koonfurta (oo leh magaalooyin ay ka mid yihiin Ekenäs , Pargas , Närpes , Kristinestad , Jakobstad iyo Nykarlebynom ee gobolka . , kaas oo ah gobolka keliya ee lagaga hadlo Iswidhishka hal luuqad ee Finland. Laga bilaabo 2024 , luqadda hooyo ee 84.1% dadku waxay ahayd Finnish, oo ka mid ah koox-hoosaadka Finnishka ee luqadda Uralic . Luqadu waa mid ka mid ah afar luuqadood oo EU-da ee rasmiga ah oo aan asal ahaan ka soo jeedin Indo-Yurub , mana lahan wax xidhiidh ah oo la xidhiidha afafka kale ee qaranka ee Waqooyiga Yurub . Taa beddelkeeda, Finnishku waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan Estoniyan iyo Karelian , iyo in ka sii fog luqadaha Hungarian iyo Sami . Iswidishka waa luqadda hooyo ee 5.1% dadweynaha ( Finnishka ku hadasha Iswidhishka ). Iswidhishku waa maaddo dugsiyeed khasab ah, aqoonta guud ee luqadduna way ku fiican tahay dad badan oo aan ku hadlin. Sidoo kale, badi dadka aan Iswidhishka ku hadlin ee aan Ålanderka ahayn waxay ku hadli karaan Finnish. Dhinaca Finnishka ee soohdinta dhulka ee Iswidhan waa mid aan af Finnish ku hadlin. Iswidhishka soohdinta waa ka duwan yahay kan Iswidishka looga hadlo Finland. Waxaa jira farqi weyn oo xagga dhawaaqa ah oo u dhexeeya noocyada iswidhishka ee looga hadlo labada waddan, in kasta oo caqli-galnimadooda ay ku dhowdahay mid caalami ah. Finnish Romani waxaa ku hadla ilaa 5,000-6,000 oo qof; Finland waxaa ku nool 13,000-14,000 Roomaani ah Romani iyo Luqadda Farta Finnishka ayaa sidoo kale lagu aqoonsan yahay dastuurka. Waxaa jira laba luqadood oo calaamadaha: Luqadda calaamadaha Finishka, oo ay ku hadlaan hooyo 4,000-5,000 oo qof, iyo Luqadda Calaamadaha ee Finland-Swedishka , oo ay ku hadlaan hooyo ilaa 150 qof. Tataarka waxaa ku hadla dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Tataarka Finnishka ah oo gaaraya 800 oo qof oo awoowayaashood u soo guureen Finland inta u dhaxaysa 1870-meeyadii iyo 1920-meeyadii. Luqadaha Saamigu waxay ku leeyihiin maqaam rasmi ah qaybo ka mid ah Lapland, halkaas oo Sami , oo ka badan 10,000 loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin dad asal ah . Qiyaastii rubuc ka mid ah waxay ku hadlaan af Sami sida afkooda hooyo. [ Luuqadaha Sami ee lagaga hadlo Finland waa Waqooyiga Sami , Inari Sami iyo Skolt Sami . Xuquuqda kooxaha laga tirada badan yahay (gaar ahaan Sami, Swedish ku hadla, iyo Romani dadka) waxaa ilaaliya dastuurka. Luqadaha Waqooyiga Yurub iyo Karelian ayaa sidoo kale si gaar ah looga aqoonsaday qaybo ka mid ah Finland. Laga bilaabo 2024 , luqadaha ajnabiga ah ee ugu caansan waa Ruush (1.8%), Istooniyaan (0.9%), Carabi (0.8%), Yukreeniyaan (0.7%) iyo Ingiriisiga (0.7%). Ingiriisida ardayda badidooda waxay u bartaan maaddo qasab ah oo laga soo bilaabo fasalka koowaad (toddobo sano jir), oo hore u dhigan jiray fasalka saddexaad ama shanaad, dugsiga hoose/dhexe (dugsiga qaarkood luqado kale ayaa la dooran karaa). Jarmal, Faransiis, Isbaanish iyo Ruush waxaa loo baran karaa sidii luqadaha labaad ee ajnabiga fasalka afraad (10 sano jir, dugsiyada qaarkood ayaa laga yaabaa inay bixiyaan doorashooyin kale). ===Diinta=== Iyadoo ay xubno ka yihiin 3.5 milyan, Kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran ee Finland waa hay'adda diimeed ee ugu weyn Finland; Laga bilaabo 2024 , 62.2% dadka Finnishka ah waxay ahaayeen xubno kaniisadda ah. Kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran ee Finland waxay aragtay qaybteeda dadka waddanka oo hoos u dhac ku yimid qiyaastii boqolkiiba boqol sannadihii u dambeeyay. Hoos u dhaca waxaa u sabab ah iska casilidii xubinimada kaniisadda iyo hoos u dhaca heerarka baabtiiska. Kooxda labaad ee ugu weyn, oo ka dhigan 26.3% dadweynaha ee 2017, ma laha diin diineed. Tiro yar ayaa iska leh kaniisada Ortodokska ee Finland (1.1%). Diidhyada kale ee Protestant-ka iyo Kaniisadda Katooliga Roomaanka ayaa aad u yar, si la mid ah Yuhuudda iyo bulshooyinka kale ee aan Masiixiyiinta ahayn (oo dhan 1.6%). Xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew ayaa ku qiyaastay dadka muslimiinta ah 2.7% sanadka 2016. Kaniisadda dawladda Finland waxay ahayd Kaniisadda Iswidhan ilaa 1809. Iyadoo Grand Duchy madax-banaan oo hoos timaada Ruushka laga bilaabo 1809 ilaa 1917, Finland waxay sii haysataa nidaamka kaniisadda dawladda Lutheran, waxaana la aasaasay kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran ee Finland. Ka dib markii ay Finland xornimada qaadatay 1917, xorriyadda diinta waxaa lagu dhawaaqay dastuurkii 1919, iyo sharci gaar ah oo ku saabsan xorriyadda diinta 1922. Iyada oo habkan loo marayo, Kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran ee Finland waxay heshay sharci dastuuri ah oo ah kaniisad qaran oo ay weheliso Kaniisadda Ortodokska ee Finnish, taas oo si kastaba ha ahaatee mawqifkeeda aan lagu qeexin dastuurka. Kaniisadaha Lutheran iyo Ortodokska ee ugu waaweyn waxay leeyihiin doorar gaar ah sida xafladaha dawladda iyo dugsiyada. 2016, 69.3% carruurta Finnishka ah ayaa la baabtiisay , laakiin 2019, tiradan ayaa hoos u dhacday ilaa 62% iyo 82.3% ayaa la xaqiijiyay 2012 da'da 15, iyo in ka badan 90% aaska waa Masiixi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan Lutherans waxay tagaan kaniisadda munaasabadaha gaarka ah sida xafladaha Christmas-ka, aroosyada, iyo aaska. Kaniisadda Lutheran waxay ku qiyaastay in ku dhawaad ​​1.8% xubnaheeda ay tagaan adeegyada kaniisadaha toddobaad kasta. Celceliska tirada booqashooyinka kaniisadda sanadkii ee xubnaha kaniisaddu waa ku dhawaad ​​laba. Marka loo eego ra'yi ururin Eurobarometer 2010 , 33% muwaadiniinta Finland waxay ku jawaabeen "inay rumaystaan ​​​​in Ilaah jiro"; 42% waxay ku jawaabeen inay "rumaysan yihiin inay jiraan nooc ka mid ah ruuxa ama xoogga nolosha"; iyo 22% in "ma rumaysna inuu jiro nooc ka mid ah ruuxa, Ilaah, ama xoogga nolosha". Marka loo eego xogta sahanka ISSP (2008), 8% waxay isu haystaan ​​inay yihiin "diimeed sare", iyo 31% "diime dhexdhexaad ah". Isla sahankaas, 28% waxay isu sheegeen inay yihiin "Agnostic" iyo 29% "aan diin ahayn". ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Verenluovuttaja.tiff|thumb|Nin ku deeqaya dhiigga Adeegga Dhiigga Laanqeyrta Cas ee Finland]] Cimrigu waxa uu ahaa ragga 79 sano , dumarkana 84.2 sano 2023 [ 277 ] Heerka bacriminta ee 2023 wuxuu istaagay 1.26 carruur ah oo dhashay / haweeney kasta waxayna ka hooseysaa heerka beddelka 2.1 tan iyo 1969 . heerka ugu hooseeya ee dhalmada ee 193 waddan. [[File:Äitiyspakkauksen laatikko vm 2000 kuva 2-2.jpg|thumb|Laga soo bilaabo 1948, Finland waxay siisay dhammaan hooyooyinka xirmo hooyanimo , oo ka kooban dhar carruureed iyo waxyaabo kale oo lagama maarmaan ah. Xirmada ka muuqata sawirka waa laga soo bilaabo 2000.]] Waxaa jiray koror yar ama isbeddel ku yimid daryeelka iyo sinnaan la'aanta caafimaadka ee u dhaxaysa kooxaha dadweynaha qarniga 21aad. Cudurada la xiriira hab-nololeedka ayaa sii kordhaya. In ka badan nus malyuun qof oo Finnish ah ayaa la ildaran cudurka macaanka , nooca 1aad ee sonkorowga ayaa ah midka ugu badan Finland. Carruur badan ayaa laga helay cudurka macaanka nooca 2 . Tirada cudurrada muruqyada iyo kansarka ayaa sii kordhaya, inkastoo saadaalinta kansarka ay soo roonaatay. Xasaasiyadda iyo waallida ayaa sidoo kale Finland ku soo badanaya dhibaatooyin caafimaad. Mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu badan ee naafanimada shaqada waxaa sabab u ah xanuunada maskaxda, gaar ahaan niyad-jabka . Iyadoo aan la jaan qaadin da'da , heerarka is-dilka ayaa ahaa 13 100 000 ee 2015, oo ku dhow celceliska Waqooyiga Yurub. Heerarka is-miidaaminta ee heerka da'da ayaa weli ah kuwa ugu sarreeya waddamada horumaray ee OECD. Waxaa jira 307 degane dhakhtar kasta. Ilaa 19% daryeelka caafimaadka waxaa si toos ah u maalgeliya qoysaska iyo 77% canshuur. Bishii Abriil 2012, Finland waxay gashay kaalinta labaad ee Farxadda Guud ee Qaranka warbixin uu daabacay Machadka Earth. Tan iyo 2012, Finland mar walba waxay ku jirtaa ugu yaraan 5-ta waddan ee ugu farxadda badan adduunka ee Warbixinta Farxadda Adduunka ee sannadlaha ah ee Qaramada Midoobay , iyo sidoo kale kaalinta waddanka ugu farxadda badan tan iyo 2018. ===Waxbarashada iyo sayniska=== [[File:Oodi July 2019 2.jpg|thumb|Maktabadda Dhexe ee Helsinki Oodi waxaa loo doortay inay noqoto maktabadda dadweynaha ugu wanaagsan adduunka sannadka 2019.]] Inta badan waxbarashada dugsiga sare waxaa lagu habeeyaa heer degmo. Ku dhawaad ​​3 boqolkiiba ardayda ayaa iska diiwaan gashan dugsiyada gaarka ah (inta badan luqadaha takhasuska leh iyo dugsiyada caalamiga ah). [ 291 ] Waxbarashada tooska ah waxaa badanaa lagu bilaabaa da'da 7. Dugsiga hoose wuxuu caadi ahaan qaataa lix sano dugsiga sarena saddex sano. Manhajka waxaa dejinaya wasaaradda waxbarashada iyo dhaqanka iyo guddiga waxbarashada. Waxbarashadu waa qasab inta u dhaxaysa da'da 7 iyo 18. Dugsiga hoose ka bacdi, ardayda ka qalin jebisa waxay codsan karaan dugsiyada ganacsiga ama jimicsiga (dugsiyada sare). Dugsiyada ganacsigu waxay bixiyaan waxbarasho xirfadeed : qiyaastii 40% kooxda da'da ayaa doorta jidkan kadib dugsiga sare. [ 292 ] Goobaha jimicsiga ee ku jihaysan tacliinta waxay leeyihiin shuruudo gelitaan sare waxayna si gaar ah ugu diyaar garoobaan Abitur iyo waxbarashada sare. Qalinjabinta midkoodna waxay si rasmi ah ugu qalantaa waxbarasho heer jaamacadeed ah. [[File:Lc3 2018 (263682303) (cropped).jpeg|thumb|Linus Torvalds , Injineer software- ka Finnishka ah oo caan ku ah abuurista Linux - ka caanka ah ee isha furan]] Waxbarashada sare, laba waaxood oo kala duwan oo aan is-dhexgal ahayn ayaa laga helaa: kulliyadaha farsamada gacanta iyo jaamacaddaha cilmi-baarista. Waxbarashadu waa lacag la'aan kharashaadka nolosha ayaa ilaa xad ay dawladdu ku maalgelisaa faa'iidooyinka ardayda . Dalka waxa ka jira 15 jaamacadood iyo 24 jaamacadood oo cilmiga cilmiga ah (UAS). Jaamacadda Helsinki waxa ay ku jirtaa kaalinta 117 - aad ee qiimaynta sare ee jaamacadda ee 2025 .​​​​​​​​​​​​ Kuopio iyo Joensuu , iyo Jaamacadda Tampere . Ururka dhaqaalaha adduunka ayaa kaalinta 2-aad ka galay waxbarashada sare ee Finland ee adduunka. Qiyaastii 33% dadka degan waxay haystaan ​​shahaado jaamacadeed, oo la mid ah Waqooyiga Yurub iyo in ka badan inta badan wadamada kale ee OECD marka laga reebo Kanada (44%), Maraykanka (38%) iyo Japan (37%). Intaa waxaa dheer, 38% dadweynaha Finland waxay haystaan ​​​​shahaadada jaamacadeed ama kulliyadda , taas oo ka mid ah boqolleyda ugu sarreeya adduunka. Waxbarashada dadka waaweyn waxay u muuqataa noocyo kala duwan, sida dugsiyada fiidkii sare, machadyada madaniga ah iyo shaqaalaha, xarumaha waxbarashada, xarumaha koorsada farsamada, iyo dugsiyada dadweynaha . In ka badan 30% ardayda ka qalin jabisa jaamacada waxay ku jiraan maadooyin sayniska la xiriira. Horumarinta kaynta, cilmi baarista agabka, cilmiga deegaanka, shabakadaha neerfaha, fiisigiska heerkulka hooseeya, cilmi baarista maskaxda, tignoolajiyada bayoolajiga, tignoolajiyada hidaha, iyo isgaadhsiinta waxay soo bandhigaan qaybaha daraasadda halkaasoo cilmi-baarayaasha Finnishku ay saameyn weyn ku yeesheen. Finland aad ayay uga soo saartaa cilmi-baarista sayniska. Sannadkii 2005, Finland waxay lahayd afraad ee daabacaadyada cilmiyeed ee qofkiiba dalalka OECD. Sannadkii 2007, 1,801 shatiyo ayaa laga xareeyay Finland ==Dhaqanka== ===Suugaanta=== [[File:Tove Jansson 1956.jpg|thumb|Qoraa iyo farshaxan Tove Jansson]] Afka Finnishka ee qoran waxa la odhan karaa wuu jiray tan iyo markii Mikael Agricola uu Axdiga Cusub u turjumay afka Finnishka intii lagu jiray Dib-u-habaynta Protestanka , laakiin tiro yar oo suugaaneed oo caan ah ayaa la qoray ilaa qarnigii 19aad iyo bilowgii dhaqdhaqaaqa jacaylka ee Finland . Tani waxay ku kaliftay Elias Lönnrot inuu ururiyo gabayada Finnishka iyo Karelian oo uu habeeyo oo u daabaco Kalevala , oo ah halyeyga qaranka Finnishka . Waagii waxa soo baxay gabayo iyo qoraayaal wax ku qora afka Finnishka, gaar ahaan qoraaga qaranka ee Finland, Aleksis Kivi ( The Seven Brothers ), iyo Minna Canth , Eino Leino , iyo Juhani Aho . Qorayaal badan oo ka mid ah baraarujinta qaranka ayaa ku qoray af Iswiidhish, sida gabayaaga qaranka JL Runeberg ( The Tales of Ensign Stål ) iyo Zachris Topelius . Ka dib markii Finland xornimada qaadatay, waxaa soo baxay qoraayaal casri ah oo uu ugu caansan yahay gabayaagii Iswidishka ku hadla Edith Södergran . Qorayaasha af Finnishka ku hadla ayaa sahmiyay mawduucyo qaran iyo mid taariikheed. Inta badan iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen Frans Eemil Sillanpää , kaas oo la siiyay Nobel Prize ee suugaanta ee 1939, qoraaga taariikhiga ah Mika Waltari , iyo Väinö Linna oo uu la socdo Askariga aan la aqoon iyo Under the North Star trilogy . Laga bilaabo Paavo Haavikko , gabayada Finnishku waxay qaateen casriyeynta. Marka laga soo tago Lönnrot's Kalevala iyo Waltari, Tove Jansson oo ku hadasha Iswidishka , oo loo yaqaanno abuuraha Moomins , ayaa ah qoraaga Finnishka ah ee ugu tarjuman; buugaagteeda waxaa lagu turjumay in ka badan 40 luqadood. ===Farshaxanka muuqaalka, nashqadeynta, iyo qaab-dhismeedka=== [[File:Sammon puolustus.jpg|thumb|Akseli Gallen-Kallela , Difaaca Sampo , 1896, Matxafka Farshaxanka ee Turku]] Farshaxanka muuqaalka ee Finland wuxuu bilaabay inuu sameeyo sifooyinkooda qarnigii 19aad markii waddaniyadda Romantic ay kor u kacday ismaamulka Finland. Rinjiyeynta Finnishka ah ee ugu caansan, Akseli Gallen-Kallela , ayaa bilaabay rinjiyeynta qaab dabiici ah laakiin waxay u guureen jaceylka qaranka. Sawir-qaadayaasha kale ee caanka ah ee waaga waxaa ka mid ah Pekka Halonen , Eero Järnefelt , Helene Schjerfbeck iyo Hugo Simberg . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 20-aad, fanka homoerotic-ka ee Touko Laaksonen, oo magaciisu yahay Tom of Finland , ayaa helay dhagaystayaal caalami ah. Sawir-gacmeedkii ugu caansanaa Finland qarnigii 20-aad wuxuu ahaa Wäinö Aaltonen , oo lagu xasuusto basskiisa iyo farshaxankiisa. Shaqooyinka Eila Hiltunen iyo Laila Pullinen ayaa tusaale u ah casriga casriga ah ee farshaxanimada. Dadka Finnishka ah ayaa gacan weyn ka geystay farsamada gacanta iyo naqshadeynta warshadaha : Timo Sarpaneva waxaa ka mid ah tirooyinka caalamiga ah ee caanka ah., Tapio Wirkkala and Ilmari Tapiovaara. Finnish architecture is famous around the world, and has contributed significantly to several styles internationally, such as Jugendstil (or Art Nouveau), Nordic Classicism and functionalism. Among the top 20th-century Finnish architects to gain international recognition are Eliel Saarinen and his son Eero Saarinen. Architect Alvar Aalto is regarded as among the most important 20th-century designers in the world; he helped bring functionalist architecture to Finland, but soon was a pioneer in its development towards an organic style. Aalto is also famous for his work in furniture, lamps, textiles, and glassware, which were usually incorporated into his buildings. ===Muusiga caanka ah=== [[File:Apocalyptica1.jpg|thumb|Perttu Kivilaakso ee Apocalyptica]] Iskelmä (oo si toos ah uga soo jeeda ereyga Jarmalka Schlager , oo macneheedu yahay "ku dhuftay") waa eray Finnish ah oo dhaqameed oo loogu talagalay hees caan ah oo caan ah. Muusiga caanka ah ee Finnishka waxa kale oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee muusiga qoob ka ciyaarka ; Tango , qaabka muusiga Argentine , sidoo kale waa caan. Muusiga fudud ee meelaha lagaga hadlo Iswidhishka ayaa saamayn badan ku leh Iswiidhan. Ugu yaraan dhowr qof oo Finnish ah ayaa caan ka ah adduunka oo dhan, sida Säkkijärven polkka iyo " Ievan polkka ". Intii lagu jiray 1970naadkii, kooxda dhagxaanta ee Wigwam iyo kooxda dhagaxa iyo duubka ee Hurriganes waxay heleen ixtiraam dibadda ah. Goobta punk- ka Finnishka waxay soo saartay magacyo caalami ah oo la aqoonsan yahay oo ay ku jiraan Terveet Kädet 1980-meeyadii. Hanoi Rocks wuxuu ahaa horudhac ficil glam rock ah . Qaybo badan oo bir ah oo Finnish ah ayaa helay aqoonsi caalami ah; Finland waxaa badanaa loogu yeeraa "Dhulka Ballanqaadka ah ee Birta culus" sababtoo ah waxaa jira in ka badan 50 bir ah oo loogu talagalay 100,000 qof oo kasta - in ka badan waddan kasta oo adduunka ah. Muusigga casriga ah ee caanka ah ee Finishka waxaa ka mid ah tiro fannaaniin caan ah oo dhagax weyn ah , fannaaniinta pop-ka, fannaaniinta jazz-ka , jilayaasha hip-hop , iyo falalka muusigga qoob-ka-ciyaarka. Finland waxa ay ku guulaysatay tartanka heesaha Eurovision hal mar sanadkii 2006 markaas oo Lordi uu ku guulaystay tartanka heesta ''Hard Rock Hallelujah'' . Farshaxanistaha fanka Finnishka Käärijä ayaa sidoo kale kaalinta labaad ka galay tartanka 2023 heestiisa caanka ah ee ''Cha Cha Cha' ===Shaleemo iyo telefishan=== [[File:Aki Kaurismäki at Berlinale 2017.jpg|thumb|Agaasimaha filimka Aki Kaurismäki]] Warshadaha filimada, agaasimayaasha casriga ah ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah walaalaha Mika iyo Aki Kaurismäki , Dome Karukoski , Antti Jokinen , Jalmari Helander , iyo Renny Harlin . Qaar ka mid ah taxanaha riwaayadaha Finnishka ayaa si caalami ah loo yaqaan, sida Bordertown . Mid ka mid ah filimada Finnishka ah ee ugu guulaha badan caalamka waa The White Reindeer , oo uu agaasimay Erik Blomberg 1952, kaas oo ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Golden Globe ee Filimka Dibadda ee ugu Fiican 1956 Ninka aan hore u jirin , oo uu hago Aki Kaurismäki 2002, kaas oo loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta Akadeemiyada ee Filimka Luuqadda Dibadda ugu Fiican ee 2002 kuna guuleystay Grand Prix ee 2002 Cannes Film Festival ; iyo The Fencer , oo uu hagayo Klaus Härö ee 2015, kaas oo loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta 73aad ee Golden Globe ee qaybta filimka ugu fiican ee luqadda ajnabiga ah sida wax soo saarka Finnish / Jarmal / Istooniyaan. Gudaha Finland, filimada ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah Askariga aan la garanayn , oo uu agaasimay Edvin Laine 1955. Halkan, Under the North Star from 1968, sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah shaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda Finnishka. Filim majaajillo ah oo dambi ah 1960kii Isbatooraha Palmu's qalad , oo uu agaasimay Matti Kassila , ayaa loo codeeyay 2012 filimka ugu fiican Finnishka waqtiga oo dhan ee dhaleeceynta filimada Finnishka iyo saxafiyiinta, laakiin 1984 filimka majaajilada ah Uuno Turhapuro ee Ciidanka , filimka sagaalaad ee gudaha Finland ayaa weli ah filimka Turhapu tan iyo 1968-kii ee dhagaystayaasha Finnishka. Warshadaha filimada, agaasimayaasha casriga ah ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah walaalaha Mika iyo Aki Kaurismäki , Dome Karukoski , Antti Jokinen , Jalmari Helander , iyo Renny Harlin . Qaar ka mid ah taxanaha riwaayadaha Finnishka ayaa si caalami ah loo yaqaan, sida Bordertown . Mid ka mid ah filimada Finnishka ah ee ugu guulaha badan caalamka waa The White Reindeer , oo uu agaasimay Erik Blomberg 1952, kaas oo ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Golden Globe ee Filimka Dibadda ee ugu Fiican 1956 Ninka aan hore u jirin , oo uu hago Aki Kaurismäki 2002, kaas oo loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta Akadeemiyada ee Filimka Luuqadda Dibadda ugu Fiican ee 2002 kuna guuleystay Grand Prix ee 2002 Cannes Film Festival ; iyo The Fencer , oo uu hagayo Klaus Härö ee 2015, kaas oo loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta 73aad ee Golden Globe ee qaybta filimka ugu fiican ee luqadda ajnabiga ah sida wax soo saarka Finnish / Jarmal / Istooniyaan. Gudaha Finland, filimada ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah Askariga aan la garanayn , oo uu agaasimay Edvin Laine 1955. Halkan, Under the North Star from 1968, sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah shaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda Finnishka. Filim majaajillo ah oo dambi ah 1960kii Isbatooraha Palmu's qalad , oo uu agaasimay Matti Kassila , ayaa loo codeeyay 2012 filimka ugu fiican Finnishka waqtiga oo dhan ee dhaleeceynta filimada Finnishka iyo saxafiyiinta, laakiin 1984 filimka majaajilada ah Uuno Turhapuro ee Ciidanka , filimka sagaalaad ee gudaha Finland ayaa weli ah filimka Turhapu tan iyo 1968-kii ee dhagaystayaasha Finnishka. ===Warbaahinta iyo isgaarsiinta=== [[File:Sanomatalo - Helsinki - 13.9.2013.jpg|thumb|Sanomatalo waxaa ku yaal dhowr xafiis oo wargeysyo iyo idaacado ah]] Maanta, waxaa jira ku dhawaad ​​200 oo wargeys , 320 joornaal oo caan ah, 2,100 joornaal xirfadlayaal ah, iyo 67 idaacadood oo ganacsi ah. Wargeyska ugu weyn waa Helsingin Sanomat , wareeggiisu waa 339,437 illaa 2019 . Yle , Shirkadda baahinta Finishka, waxay ka hawlgashaa shan kanaal oo telefishan ah iyo saddex iyo toban kanaal oo raadiyow ah. Sannad kasta, ku dhawaad ​​12,000 oo buug ayaa la daabacaa. Iyada oo ay ku mahadsantahay sida ay xoogga u saartay hufnaanta iyo xuquuqaha loo siman yahay, saxaafadda Finland ayaa lagu qiimeeyay kuwa ugu xorriyadda badan adduunka. Adduunka oo dhan, Finns, oo ay weheliyaan dadyowga kale ee Waqooyiga Yurub iyo Jabbaan, ayaa wakhtiga ugu badan ku bixiya akhrinta wargeysyada. Marka la eego kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta , Finland waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta saddexaad, oo ka hooseysa Mareykanka iyo Singapore tusmada u diyaarsanaanta Shabakadda ee Machadka Portulan (NRI) - tilmaame lagu go'aamiyo heerka horumarinta tignoolajiyada macluumaadka iyo isgaarsiinta dalka. ===Cunto=== [[File:Ruisleipä-limppu reikäleipä reissumies hapankorppu-1.JPG|thumb |Ruisleipä , rooti galley galley ah oo madow , ayaa haysa heerka cuntada qaranka ee Finland]] Cunnada Finnishka guud ahaan waxay isku daraysaa qiimaha caadiga ah ee waddanka iyo karinta qaabka casriga ah. Baradhada, hilibka iyo kalluunka ayaa door muuqda ka ciyaara cuntooyinka dhaqameed ee Finishka. Cuntooyinka Finnishka ah waxay inta badan isticmaalaan waxyaabaha ka sameysan rootiga ( galley , shaciir , miro ) iyo miraha (sida bilberry , lingonberries , Cloudberries , iyo buckthorn badda ). Caanaha iyo waxyaabaha ka soo baxa sida caanaha subagga ayaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa cunto iyo cabitaan ahaan. Cuntada kalluunka ee ugu caansan Finland waa salmon . Finland waa dalka labaad ee ugu badan adduunka ee qofkiiba cabbo kafeega . Isticmaalka caanaha sidoo kale waa sarreeyaa, celcelis ahaan qiyaastii 112 litir (25 imp gal; 30 US gal), qofkiiba, sannadkii, inkastoo 17% dadka Finnishka ah ay u dulqaadanayaan lactose ===Fasaxyada dadweynaha=== Finland waxaa ka jira fasaxyo dhowr ah, kuwaas oo laga yaabo in dhaqanka Finnishka ugu caansan ay ka mid yihiin Christmas ( joulu ), Midsummer ( juhannus ), May Day ( vappu ) iyo maalinta madaxbannaanida ( itsenäisyyspäivä ). Kuwaasoo ka mid ah, Christmas-ka iyo Midsommer-ka waa kuwo gaar ah Finland sababtoo ah xafladaha dhabta ah waxay dhacaan habeenka, sida Christmas Eve iyo Midsommer's Eve , halka Maalinta Kirismaska ​​iyo Maalinta Midsommar ay aad ugu sii diyaarsan yihiin nasashada. Fasaxyada kale ee guud ee Finland waa maalinta sanadka cusub , Epiphany , Jimce wanaagsan , Axadda Easter-ka iyo Isniinta Easter-ka , Maalinta Koritaanka , Maalinta Dhammaan Saints' Day iyo Maalinta Saint Stephen . Dhammaan fasaxyada rasmiga ah ee Finland waxaa dejinaya Xeerarka Baarlamaanka. ===Ciyaaraha=== [[File:Finlandhockeybronze2010WinterOlympics.jpg|thumb|Kooxda xeegada barafka ee ragga ee Finland ayaa lagu qiimeeyaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu fiican adduunka. Kooxdu waxay ku guulaysatay afar horyaal oo caalami ah (1995, 2011, 2019 iyo 2022) iyo hal bilad dahab ah oo Olombikada ah (2022).]] Munaasabado isboorti oo kala duwan ayaa caan ka ah Finland. Pesäpallo , oo Finnish ah oo u dhiganta baseball-ka Mareykanka , waa isboortiga qaranka ee Finland, in kasta oo isboortiga ugu caansan ee daawashada uu yahay xeegada barafka . Ciyaaraha kale ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah ciyaaraha fudud , ciyaaraha barafka , boodada barafka , kubbadda cagta , kubbadda laliska , iyo kubbadda kolayga . Kubadda cagta ururku waa kooxda ugu badan ee loo ciyaaro marka loo eego tirada ciyaartoyda dalka. Xulka kubbadda koleyga ee Finland ayaa helay dareen dadweyne oo aad u badan. Marka la eego billadaha iyo billadaha dahabka ah ee lagu guuleysto qofkiiba, Finland waa waddanka ugu waxqabadka wanaagsan taariikhda Olombikada. Finland waxa ay markii ugu horaysay ka qayb qaadatay qaran ahaan iskeed ugu qaybsantay Ciyaaraha Olombikada 1908dii Sanadihii 1920-meeyadii iyo 30-meeyadii, orodyahanada Finnishka ee orodyahanada fog-fog ayaa awood ku lahaa ciyaaraha Olombikada, iyadoo Paavo Nurmi ay ku guuleysatay wadar ahaan sagaal billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah, waxaana ay dhigtay 22 rikoor caalami ah intii u dhaxeysay 1921 iyo 1931. Nurmi ayaa inta badan loo arkaa inuu yahay ciyaaryahankii ugu fiicnaa Finnishka iyo mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu fiican abid. Ciyaaraha Olombikada xagaaga ee 1952 ayaa lagu qabtay Helsinki. Dhacdadii tuurista waranku waxa ay Finland ku soo kordhisay sagaal billadood oo dahab ah oo Olombikada ah, shan horyaal oo adduunka ah, shan horyaal oo Yurub ah, iyo 24 rikoodh caalami ah. Finland sidoo kale waxay leedahay taariikh caan ah oo ku saabsan iskeytka . Ciyaartoyga Finnishka ah ayaa ku guulaystey 8 horyaal oo aduunka ah iyo 13 koob oo aduunka da'da yar oo iskeyt isku xiran. Tartamayaasha Finnishka ayaa guulo la taaban karo ka gaaray isboortiga . Tartanka isu soo baxa aduunka , Finland waxa uu soo saaray sideed ciyaartoy oo aduunka ah , waana in ka badan wadamada kale. In Formula One, Finland has won the most world championships per capita, with Keke Rosberg, Mika Häkkinen and Kimi Räikkönen all having won the title. Qaar ka mid ah ciyaaraha madadaalada ee ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah socodka Waqooyiga Yurub , orodka, baaskiil wadida iyo barafka. Kubadda sagxaddu waa ciyaarta dhalinyarada iyo ciyaaraha ugu caansan ee goobta shaqada. ==Xubin== [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/1990-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Finland/ Finland] ==Waddanamha degaan finland== * {{Flag|Denmark}} 20,000+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 30,000+ * {{Flag|Norway}} 20,000+ * [[Iceland]] 10,000+ === Magaaloyinka waaweyn === [[File:Finland-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|150px|Magaalo]] * [[Helsinki]] 1 562 570 + [[Espoo]] 232 634 + [[Vantaa]] 189 442 = "Metro-Helsinki", waa sedex magaalo oo deris ah waxaana ku nool dad dhan ilaa iyo 2 (labo) malyan. * [[Tampere]] 206 171 * [[Turku]] 174 906 * [[Oulu]] 130 105 * [[Lahti]] 100 049 * [[Kuopio]] 90 812 * [[Jyväskylä]] 84 482 * [[Rovaniemi]] 57 835 <gallery> Image:Koli hill view.jpg|Bedka Finland ey ku fadhiso 68 % waa hawd ama duur 10 % biyo 6 % waa dhul labeerto (Koli national park). Image:LutheranCathedral-ofHelsinki.jpg|Helsinki kathedral Image:Syksyinen Kaisaniemen koripallokenttä.jpg|Basketball field, Helsinki Image:Katuma.jpg|Katumalake, Hämeenlinna Image:Kontulan liikuntapuisto2, Helsinki.JPG Image:Kotikonnuntie, Kontula, Helsinki.JPG|Kontula, Helsinki Image:Kontulan ostari.jpg|Kontula, Helsinki </gallery> * [[Veli Paloheimo]] <references /> {{Commons|Category:Finland}} {{Dalalka Yurub}} ==Tixraacyo== [https://histdoc.net/history/itsen2.html Aqoonsiga Midowga Soofiyeeti ee Ruushka oo aqoonsaday madaxbanaanida Finland Dec. 1917 - Jan. 1918] {{Wayback|url=https://histdoc.net/history/itsen2.html |date=20240222192345 }} [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] [https://www.travelandleisure.com/best-places-to-visit-in-finland-8402256 "15 meelood ee ugu wanaagsan ee lagu booqdo Finland, Laga soo bilaabo Caasimada Sauna ee Adduunka ilaa Tuulada Santa Claus"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071123072314/http://www.geocities.com/ojoronen/EARLYFIN.HTM Taariikhda Finland iyo dadka Finnishka laga bilaabo da'da dhagax ilaa WWII] [https://books.google.com/books?id=EL4lEAAAQBAJ Luuqadaha Iskandaneefiyanka: Todobada Walaalaha ee Waqooyiga] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326033832/https://www.maailmanmuisti.fi/index.php?page=archives-of-the-royal-academy-of-turku-and-the-imperial-alexander-university "Arkiifiyada Royal Academy of Turku iyo Imperial Alexander University"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=FkYHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT144 Naqshadeynta Gobol-goboleedyada ee Da'da Caalamiga ah: Meelaha ugu sarreeya iyo Dooxooyinka Dunida Flat] [https://www.verkkouutiset.fi/sdpn-puheenjohtaja-halusi-punadiktaattoriksi-mutta-kuoli-stalinin-vankileirilla-69089/#cd1f8043 "SDP:n puheenjohtaja halusi punadiktaattoriksi, mutta kuoli Stalinin vankileirillä"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.verkkouutiset.fi/sdpn-puheenjohtaja-halusi-punadiktaattoriksi-mutta-kuoli-stalinin-vankileirilla-69089/#cd1f8043 |date=20211128041947 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150607035630/http://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/80491 "Dagaalka Mise Nabada Finland? Daraasadda Kiiska Dhabta ah ee Neoclassical ee Siyaasadda Dibadda ee Finland ee macnaha guud ee faragelinta Bolshevik ee Ruushka 1918-1920"] [http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/helmikuu_en.html "Laga soo bilaabo beero-slash-iyo-gubi ilaa bulshada warshadaha kadib-90 sano oo isbeddel ah oo ku yimid qaab-dhismeedka warshadaha"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/helmikuu_en.html |date=20120120050148 }} [https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/04/28/nato-chief-says-finland-and-sweden-could-join-quickly-as-both-warm-to-membership "Madaxa NATO ayaa sheegay in Finland iyo Sweden ay si degdeg ah ugu biiri karaan] [https://yle.fi/news/3-12449487 "Baarlamaanka Finland ayaa cod taariikhi ah ku ansixiyay codsiga Nato"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 "Beddelka anthropogenic ee kaymaha macneheedu waa 40% kaliya ee kaymaha soo hadhay waxay leeyihiin hufnaan deegaaneed sare - Qalabka Dheeriga ah"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807084712/http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/ajankohtaista/tiedotteet/tiedote/fi.jsp?oid=274585 "Valtioneuvosto päätti Uudenmaan ja Itä-Uudenmaan maakuntien yhdistämisestä"] [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/3/3e/Intentional_homicides%2C_2016_%28police-recorded_offences_per_100_000_inhabitants%29.png "File:Intentional homicides, 2016 (police-recorded offences per 100 000 inhabitants).png"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160803161737/https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/lakiensaataminen/valiokunnat/ulkoasiainvaliokunta/Documents/HNS_MOU_FINLAND.pdf Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Inta u dhaxaysa Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Finland iyo Xarunta Dhexe, Taliyaha Sare ee Isbahaysiga Isbeddelka iyo sidoo kale Xarunta Sare ee Isbahaysiga Awoodaha Yurub ee ku saabsan Bixinta Taageerada Martigelinta Qaranka ee fulinta NATO: Hawlgallada / Layliga / Dhaqdhaqaaqyada Milatari ee la midka ah] [https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2023/12/finland-invites-american-troops-far-northern-bases "Heshiiska cusub ee difaaca: Finland waxay ku casuuntay ciidamada Maraykanka saldhigyada Lapland"] [https://www.norden.org/en/info-norden/swedish-language-courses-foreigners-aland "Koorsooyinka luqadda iswidishka ee ajaanibka Åland | iskaashiga Waqooyiga Yurub"] [https://finlandtoday.fi/finland-places-among-the-top-four-english-speaking-countries-in-the-world/ "Meelaha Finland ee ka mid ah afarta waddan ee ugu sarreeya Ingiriisiga ku hadla adduunka"] [https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finland_ranks_sixth_in_english_skills_early_instruction_crucial/10071036 "Finland waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta lixaad ee xirfadaha Ingiriisiga, waxbaridda hore waa muhiim"] [https://yle.fi/a/3-1136695 "Helsingi waxay horseedday isbeddel ku aaddan baabtiiska la dhaafo"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20091011194752/http://www.research.fi/en/performance/patents/patents_with%20numbers "Shatiyada leh nambarada - Adeegga macluumaadka sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada Finland"] [https://www.is.fi/viihde/art-2000006170555.html "Suomalainen musiikki jyrää, mutta mihin katosivat kotimaiset bändit? Toni Wirtanen lataa tiskiin rajun näkemyksen: 'Pienen porukan varassa ollaan'] [https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2016/12/10/ylexn-100-suurta-suomalaista-konemusiikkibiisia-listaus-on-nyt-valmis-kolmen "YleX: n 100 tirada suomalaista konemusiikkibiisiä -listaus on nyt valmis – kolmen kärkeen Darude, Bomfunk MC's ja Slusnik Luna"] [https://www.fiba.basketball/basketballworldcup/2014/news/Fan-power-Finn-power-The-tournament--begins--on-win "Awood taageere! Finn Power! Tartanku "wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa" qoraal guul ah oo loogu talagalay kooxda Dettman"] [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-20/beijing-winter-olympics-finald-beats-roc-ice-hockey-final/100846726 "Finland ayaa ku guuleysatey bilad dahab ah oo taariikhi ah ciyaaraha Olombikada xilliga qaboobaha ka dib markii ay 2-1 ku garaaceen kooxda ROC finalka Beijing] [https://eurovisionworld.com/eurovision/2023 "Natiijooyinka Eurovision 2023: Codbixinta & Dhibcaha"] [https://www.is.fi/viihde/art-2000006170555.html "Suomalainen musiikki jyrää, mutta mihin katosivat kotimaiset bändit? Toni Wirtanen lataa tiskiin rajun näkemyksen: 'Pienen porukan varassa ollaan'] [https://musicfinland.com/en/news/kaija-saariaho-voted-greatest-living-composer-by-bbc-music-magazine "Kaija Saariaho ayaa u codaysay laxanka ugu wanagsan ee BBC Music Magazine"] [http://countrystudies.us/finland/15.htm Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Finland, Qaybta Cilmi-baarista Federaalka ee Maktabada Congress-ka] 38hnryr4f0kzu6yppioqi3uddz1e93o 0 4476 306056 298937 2026-08-27T18:47:42Z ~2026-36113-89 46168 306056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Awdheegle |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Magaalo]] |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Somalia. |coordinates_display =inline,title |coordinates_region =SO |subdivision_type =[[Wadan]] |subdivision_name ={{flag|Soomaaliya}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobol]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Shabeellaha Hoose]] |subdivision_type2 =[[Degmo]] |subdivision_name2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset =+3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=1|latm=58|lats=59.88|latNS=N |longd=44|longm=49|longs=59.88|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Awdheegle''' waa [[Degmo]] ka tirsan degmooyinka [[Shabeellaha Hoose|Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose,]] waxayna si rasmi ah Degmo buuxda unoqotay 1986dii, xiligaas kahor waxay katirsanayd Degmada Afgooye. Magaalada Muqdisho oo ah Caasimadda Dalka waxay ujirtaa 70km, jihooyinkeeduna waxay kala yihiin sida soo socota: - '''Waqooyi''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Afgooye, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Baladulamiin.'''<ref>Xildhibaan metelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada.</ref> - '''Waqoyi Galbeed''' waxaa ka xiga Degmooyinka Wanlaweyn, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Gaaydhiigaale''' iyo Degmada Buurhakaba, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Ceelbashiir.'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> - '''Barri''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Marka, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Maxamed Cumar'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> - '''Galbeed''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Qoryooley, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Farsooley.'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> Waxay caan ku tahay dhul beereedka iyo xoolaha, waxaa mara Wabiga Shabeelle. Dadka degan waa Dad nabadeed aadna uneceb colaada waana dad wax soo saar leh. Dhaqaalaha: waxay ku tiirsan yihiin muruqooda iyo wax-soo-saarka dhulka. Waxyaabaha ay beertaan waxaa ka mid ah: - Dalagyada: Galey, digir, sisin, yaanyo, qarre, bocor iyo bataati. - Miraha: Liin dhanaan, liin banbeelmo, babaay, cambe iyo moos. Xoolaha: Sidoo kale waxay caan ku tahay dhaqashada xoolaha sida; Lo'da iyo Arriga. Dadka Degan beel ahaan waxay kasoo jeedaan Beesha DigilMirifle gaar ahaan Digil si gaar ah Bagadi waana dad ahlu diin ah, kutiirsan muruqooda aadna ugu ololeeya nabadda, wadajirka iyo deris wanaagga. Tirada Dadka kunool waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 850,000 ilaa 900,000. Deegaanada iyo Tuulooyinka hoosyimaada Degmada Awdheegle waxaa ka mid ah: Malable, Mubaarak, Daarusalaam, Jowhar, Bariire, Nuun, Shaan, Toortoorow, Balow, Aybuutey, Gumaysidiid, Busleey, Lambar 50 iyo kuwa kaloo badan. Maamul ahaan xiligaan waxay ka mid tahay Degmooyinka hoostaga Dowladgoboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya, si guud waxaa soo maamulay oo isku bedelay 8 Gudoomiye, kuwaas oo kala ah '''1- Cabdi Sheekh Cali Siidow''' '''2- Muuse Cismaan Maxamed (Muuse Cismaan Gaalow)''' '''3- AUN Maxamed Aways Abuukar (Maxamed Yarow)''' '''4- Cabdullaahi Cismaan Abuukar''' '''5- Saalax Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed''' '''6- Liibaan Cabduqaadir Mayow''' Gudoomiyaha hada talada haayo 7-Mohamed Nor Malak Ku xigeenka Degmada Awdheegle waxaa ah '''8- Abdullahi Yusuf Mohamed''' Wuxuuna kasoo jeedaa degaanka mubaarak '''DMO Degmada Awdhegle''' '''9-Mohamed Abdirashid Abdullahi''' {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose}} pnqx0b0qnh5r0h4ojvb92zakix07x4h 306057 306056 2026-08-27T18:56:31Z ~2026-36113-89 46168 midkaaan ayaan rabaaa si sax in loo aqoonsado 306057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Awdheegle |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Magaalo]] |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Somalia. |coordinates_display =inline,title |coordinates_region =SO |subdivision_type =[[Wadan]] |subdivision_name ={{flag|Soomaaliya}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobol]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Shabeellaha Hoose]] |subdivision_type2 =[[Degmo]] |subdivision_name2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset =+3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=1|latm=58|lats=59.88|latNS=N |longd=44|longm=49|longs=59.88|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Awdheegle''' waa [[Degmo]] ka tirsan degmooyinka [[Shabeellaha Hoose|Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose,]] waxayna si rasmi ah Degmo buuxda unoqotay 1986dii, xiligaas kahor waxay katirsanayd Degmada Afgooye. Magaalada Muqdisho oo ah Caasimadda Dalka waxay ujirtaa 70km, jihooyinkeeduna waxay kala yihiin sida soo socota: - '''Waqooyi''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Afgooye, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Baladulamiin.'''<ref>Xildhibaan metelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada.</ref> - '''Waqoyi Galbeed''' waxaa ka xiga Degmooyinka Wanlaweyn, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Gaaydhiigaale''' iyo Degmada Buurhakaba, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Ceelbashiir.'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> - '''Barri''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Marka, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Maxamed Cumar'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> - '''Galbeed''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Qoryooley, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Farsooley.'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> Waxay caan ku tahay dhul beereedka iyo xoolaha, waxaa mara Wabiga Shabeelle. Dadka degan waa Dad nabadeed aadna uneceb colaada waana dad wax soo saar leh. Dhaqaalaha: waxay ku tiirsan yihiin muruqooda iyo wax-soo-saarka dhulka. Waxyaabaha ay beertaan waxaa ka mid ah: - Dalagyada: Galey, digir, sisin, yaanyo, qarre, bocor iyo bataati. - Miraha: Liin dhanaan, liin banbeelmo, babaay, cambe iyo moos. Xoolaha: Sidoo kale waxay caan ku tahay dhaqashada xoolaha sida; Lo'da iyo Arriga. Dadka Degan beel ahaan waxay kasoo jeedaan Beesha DigilMirifle gaar ahaan Digil si gaar ah Bagadi waana dad ahlu diin ah, kutiirsan muruqooda aadna ugu ololeeya nabadda, wadajirka iyo deris wanaagga. Tirada Dadka kunool waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 850,000 ilaa 900,000. Deegaanada iyo Tuulooyinka hoosyimaada Degmada Awdheegle waxaa ka mid ah: Malable, Mubaarak, Daarusalaam, Jowhar, Bariire, Nuun, Shaan, Toortoorow, Balow, Aybuutey, Gumaysidiid, Busleey, Lambar 50 iyo kuwa kaloo badan. Maamul ahaan xiligaan waxay ka mid tahay Degmooyinka hoostaga Dowladgoboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya, si guud waxaa soo maamulay oo isku bedelay 8 Gudoomiye, kuwaas oo kala ah '''1- Cabdi Sheekh Cali Siidow''' '''2- Muuse Cismaan Maxamed (Muuse Cismaan Gaalow)''' '''3- AUN Maxamed Aways Abuukar (Maxamed Yarow)''' '''4- Cabdullaahi Cismaan Abuukar''' '''5- Saalax Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed''' '''6- Liibaan Cabduqaadir Mayow''' Gudoomiyaha hada talada haayo 7-'''Mohamed Nor Malak''' Ku xigeenka Degmada Awdheegle waxaa ah '''8- Abdullahi Yusuf Mohamed''' Wuxuuna kasoo jeedaa degaanka mubaarak '''DMO Degmada Awdhegle''' '''9-Mohamed Abdirashid Abdullahi''' {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose}} joh6wiu36akdaj08aeohkgf2tf1a04g 306058 306057 2026-08-27T18:57:23Z ~2026-36113-89 46168 306058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Awdheegle |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Magaalo]] |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Somalia. |coordinates_display =inline,title |coordinates_region =SO |subdivision_type =[[Wadan]] |subdivision_name ={{flag|Soomaaliya}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobol]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Shabeellaha Hoose]] |subdivision_type2 =[[Degmo]] |subdivision_name2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset =+3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=1|latm=58|lats=59.88|latNS=N |longd=44|longm=49|longs=59.88|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Awdheegle''' waa [[Degmo]] ka tirsan degmooyinka [[Shabeellaha Hoose|Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose,]] waxayna si rasmi ah Degmo buuxda unoqotay 1986dii, xiligaas kahor waxay katirsanayd Degmada Afgooye. Magaalada Muqdisho oo ah Caasimadda Dalka waxay ujirtaa 70km, jihooyinkeeduna waxay kala yihiin sida soo socota: - '''Waqooyi''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Afgooye, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Baladulamiin.'''<ref>Xildhibaan metelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada.</ref> - '''Waqoyi Galbeed''' waxaa ka xiga Degmooyinka Wanlaweyn, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Gaaydhiigaale''' iyo Degmada Buurhakaba, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Ceelbashiir.'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> - '''Barri''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Marka, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Maxamed Cumar'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> - '''Galbeed''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Qoryooley, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Farsooley.'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> Waxay caan ku tahay dhul beereedka iyo xoolaha, waxaa mara Wabiga Shabeelle. Dadka degan waa Dad nabadeed aadna uneceb colaada waana dad wax soo saar leh. Dhaqaalaha: waxay ku tiirsan yihiin muruqooda iyo wax-soo-saarka dhulka. Waxyaabaha ay beertaan waxaa ka mid ah: - Dalagyada: Galey, digir, sisin, yaanyo, qarre, bocor iyo bataati. - Miraha: Liin dhanaan, liin banbeelmo, babaay, cambe iyo moos. Xoolaha: Sidoo kale waxay caan ku tahay dhaqashada xoolaha sida; Lo'da iyo Arriga. Dadka Degan beel ahaan waxay kasoo jeedaan Beesha DigilMirifle gaar ahaan Digil si gaar ah Bagadi waana dad ahlu diin ah, kutiirsan muruqooda aadna ugu ololeeya nabadda, wadajirka iyo deris wanaagga. Tirada Dadka kunool waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 850,000 ilaa 900,000. Deegaanada iyo Tuulooyinka hoosyimaada Degmada Awdheegle waxaa ka mid ah: Malable, Mubaarak, Daarusalaam, Jowhar, Bariire, Nuun, Shaan, Toortoorow, Balow, Aybuutey, Gumaysidiid, Busleey, Lambar 50 iyo kuwa kaloo badan. Maamul ahaan xiligaan waxay ka mid tahay Degmooyinka hoostaga Dowladgoboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya, si guud waxaa soo maamulay oo isku bedelay 8 Gudoomiye, kuwaas oo kala ah '''1- Cabdi Sheekh Cali Siidow''' '''2- Muuse Cismaan Maxamed (Muuse Cismaan Gaalow)''' '''3- AUN Maxamed Aways Abuukar (Maxamed Yarow)''' '''4- Cabdullaahi Cismaan Abuukar''' '''5- Saalax Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed''' '''6- Liibaan Cabduqaadir Mayow''' '''7-Mohamed Nor Malak''' Ku xigeenka Degmada Awdheegle waxaa ah '''8- Abdullahi Yusuf Mohamed''' Wuxuuna kasoo jeedaa degaanka mubaarak '''DMO Degmada Awdhegle''' '''9-Mohamed Abdirashid Abdullahi''' {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose}} lk3temuzux2eyncxl1eliigyg2rl5c6 306059 306058 2026-08-27T19:04:08Z ~2026-36113-89 46168 306059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Awdheegle |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Magaalo]] |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Somalia. |coordinates_display =inline,title |coordinates_region =SO |subdivision_type =[[Wadan]] |subdivision_name ={{flag|Soomaaliya}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobol]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Shabeellaha Hoose]] |subdivision_type2 =[[Degmo]] |subdivision_name2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset =+3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=1|latm=58|lats=59.88|latNS=N |longd=44|longm=49|longs=59.88|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Awdheegle''' waa [[Degmo]] ka tirsan degmooyinka [[Shabeellaha Hoose|Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose,]] waxayna si rasmi ah Degmo buuxda unoqotay 1986dii, xiligaas kahor waxay katirsanayd Degmada Afgooye. Magaalada Muqdisho oo ah Caasimadda Dalka waxay ujirtaa 70km, jihooyinkeeduna waxay kala yihiin sida soo socota: - '''Waqooyi''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Afgooye, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Baladulamiin.'''<ref>Xildhibaan metelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada.</ref> - '''Waqoyi Galbeed''' waxaa ka xiga Degmooyinka Wanlaweyn, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Gaaydhiigaale''' iyo Degmada Buurhakaba, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Ceelbashiir.'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> - '''Barri''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Marka, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Maxamed Cumar'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> - '''Galbeed''' waxaa ka xiga Degmada Qoryooley, Xadka kala qaybiya Labada Degmo waa Tuulada '''Farsooley.'''<ref>Xildhibaankii kumetelaayey Degmada Dowladii Kacaanka iyo Suldaanka Degmada</ref> Waxay caan ku tahay dhul beereedka iyo xoolaha, waxaa mara Wabiga Shabeelle. Dadka degan waa Dad nabadeed aadna uneceb colaada waana dad wax soo saar leh. Dhaqaalaha: waxay ku tiirsan yihiin muruqooda iyo wax-soo-saarka dhulka. Waxyaabaha ay beertaan waxaa ka mid ah: - Dalagyada: Galey, digir, sisin, yaanyo, qarre, bocor iyo bataati. - Miraha: Liin dhanaan, liin banbeelmo, babaay, cambe iyo moos. Xoolaha: Sidoo kale waxay caan ku tahay dhaqashada xoolaha sida; Lo'da iyo Arriga. Dadka Degan beel ahaan waxay kasoo jeedaan Beesha DigilMirifle gaar ahaan Digil si gaar ah Bagadi waana dad ahlu diin ah, kutiirsan muruqooda aadna ugu ololeeya nabadda, wadajirka iyo deris wanaagga. Tirada Dadka kunool waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 850,000 ilaa 900,000. Deegaanada iyo Tuulooyinka hoosyimaada Degmada Awdheegle waxaa ka mid ah: Malable, Mubaarak, Daarusalaam, Jowhar, Bariire, Nuun, Shaan, Toortoorow, Balow, Aybuutey, Gumaysidiid, Busleey, Lambar 50 iyo kuwa kaloo badan. Maamul ahaan xiligaan waxay ka mid tahay Degmooyinka hoostaga Dowladgoboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya, si guud waxaa soo maamulay oo isku bedelay 8 Gudoomiye, kuwaas oo kala ah '''1- Cabdi Sheekh Cali Siidow''' '''2- Muuse Cismaan Maxamed (Muuse Cismaan Gaalow)''' '''3- AUN Maxamed Aways Abuukar (Maxamed Yarow)''' '''4- Cabdullaahi Cismaan Abuukar''' '''5- Saalax Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed''' '''6- Liibaan Cabduqaadir Mayow''' '''7-Mohamed Ibrahim Abukar''' Ku xigeenka Degmada Awdheegle waxaa ah '''8- Abdullahi Yusuf Mohamed''' Wuxuuna kasoo jeedaa degaanka mubaarak '''DMO Degmada Awdhegle''' '''9-Mohamed Abdirashid Abdullahi''' {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose}} ii4mzh3189oskenlrnmq8edpa3hayn9 306060 306059 2026-08-27T19:23:54Z Isma4l 41797 306060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Awdheegle | other_name = Awdheegle | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = Webiga [[Shabelle]] ee ku yaal Awdheegle | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Soomaaliya. | coordinates = {{coord|01|58|N|044|50|E|region:SO-LS|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Dalka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Soomaaliya}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name2 = [[Shabeellaha Hoose]] | subdivision_name3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2020 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 119,000 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Awdheegle''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Awdhegle) waa degmo ku taal gobolka [[Shabeellaha Hoose]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. == Dadweynaha == Awdheegle waa degmo beeraley ah oo ku taal galbeedka [[Muqdisho]] ee ku taal [[Webiga Shabeelle]]. Awdheegle waxaa inta badan degan qabiil hoosaadka Begedi ee qoyska ballaaran ee (Digil), kuwaas oo u dhashay [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. == Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya == 15kii Maarso 2025, iyada oo qayb ka ah weerarkii Shabeelle, [[Al-Shabaab]] ayaa qabatay magaalada, iyaga oo dilay 31 askari oo ka tirsan [[Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wararka |first=Wakaaladda Wararka ee Shahada |date=2025-03-15 |title=Hogaanka ciidamada ee Xarakada Al-Shabaab oo ku dhawaaqay in ay la wareegeen deegaanno cusub isla markaana xaqiijiyay dhimashada iyo dhaawaca in ka badan 150 ka tirsan milishiyada dowladda |url=https://shahadanews.info/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87-6/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Wakaaladda Wararka ee Shahada |language=so}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose}} lbm2puulwnxug2gy5rvy0yavnkgrra3 306061 306060 2026-08-27T19:24:14Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Awdheegle]]" ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn)) 306060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Awdheegle | other_name = Awdheegle | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = Webiga [[Shabelle]] ee ku yaal Awdheegle | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Soomaaliya. | coordinates = {{coord|01|58|N|044|50|E|region:SO-LS|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Dalka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Soomaaliya}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name2 = [[Shabeellaha Hoose]] | subdivision_name3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2020 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 119,000 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Awdheegle''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Awdhegle) waa degmo ku taal gobolka [[Shabeellaha Hoose]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. == Dadweynaha == Awdheegle waa degmo beeraley ah oo ku taal galbeedka [[Muqdisho]] ee ku taal [[Webiga Shabeelle]]. Awdheegle waxaa inta badan degan qabiil hoosaadka Begedi ee qoyska ballaaran ee (Digil), kuwaas oo u dhashay [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. == Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya == 15kii Maarso 2025, iyada oo qayb ka ah weerarkii Shabeelle, [[Al-Shabaab]] ayaa qabatay magaalada, iyaga oo dilay 31 askari oo ka tirsan [[Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wararka |first=Wakaaladda Wararka ee Shahada |date=2025-03-15 |title=Hogaanka ciidamada ee Xarakada Al-Shabaab oo ku dhawaaqay in ay la wareegeen deegaanno cusub isla markaana xaqiijiyay dhimashada iyo dhaawaca in ka badan 150 ka tirsan milishiyada dowladda |url=https://shahadanews.info/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87-6/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Wakaaladda Wararka ee Shahada |language=so}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Shabeellaha Hoose}} lbm2puulwnxug2gy5rvy0yavnkgrra3 0 5201 306065 277073 2026-08-28T00:38:10Z Soalt 39618 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|1|1 */ 306065 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Esberanto]] waa luqadda ugu caansan ee la dhisay. Esberanto waxay abuurtay luqadda si ay u fududayso xidhiidhka caalamiga ah. Ujeeddadiisu waxay ahayd inuu Esberanto u qaabeeyo qaab ay dadku u baran karaan si ka sahlan luqadaha kale ee qaranka. =Baro luqadda esberanto= ==Waxbarasho== ''Internacia Lingvo Kurso - somala lingvo'' ''(Helpo: www. esperanto-afriko. org. (kurso en araba lingvo); www. lernu.net kursoj'' (= waxbarasho) ''wwww. esperanto.de (© traduko en somala lingvo: H. J.)'' [[File:Jubilea_simbolo.svg|thumb|Jubilea simbolo]] [[File:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg|thumb|flago de Esperanto]] ''La internacia lingvo - ESPERANTO estas lingvo facila.'' == Alifba’da soomaaaliga == ''somala araba alfabeto'' ('''=alifba’da soomaaaliga'''): ‘, B, T, J, X, KH, D,R, S, SH, DH, C, G, F, Q, K, L, M, N, W, H, Y, A, E, I, O, U,) == Alifba’da ''"internacia lingvo"'' - ESPERANTO == -, B, T, J, - , -, D, R, S, - , - , C, G, F, - , K, L, M, N, - , H, - , A, E, I, O, U, Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ Ĉ = (TSH) Ĉilio, G = (J) germanio, germanujo (=Jarmal) , Ĥ = (KH) Ĥemio (=Kiimika, kimistari), J = (i) Junio (=Yunyo); Julio (=Yulyo); J = Jordanio (i), Ĵ = ĵurnalo (=wargeys); Ŝ = (SH) ŝipo (= markab); Ŭ = aŭto (= baabúur) == Alifba’da ESPERANTO == (dhihid: 34 Waxbarasho "ilmo" / infanoj) ''Prononoco kaj alfabeto'': “Afr'''i'''ko”, "hot'''e'''lo", "am'''i'''ko", "kontin'''e'''nto". [[File:Alfabeto de Esperanto.png|thumb| ESPERANTO - Alfabeto de Esperanto]] [[File:Signuno_abc.gif|thumb| Alfabeto de Esperanto]] Alifba’da ESPERANTO - ''ALFABETO'' Aa, Bb, Cc, '''Ĉĉ''', Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, '''Ĝĝ''', Hh, '''Ĥĥ''', Ii, Jj, '''Ĵĵ''', Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, '''Ŝŝ''', Tt, Uu, '''Ŭŭ,''' Vv, Zz. Nomoj de la literoj: a, bo, co, '''ĉo''', do, e, fo, go, '''ĝo''', ho, '''ĥo''', i, jo, '''ĵo''', ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, '''ŝo''', to, u,''' ŭo''', vo, zo. Ekzemploj: c = : cigaro (=sigaar), princo (ingiriis: prince) s = : kiso (=dhunkasho) v = : varma (=diiran) z = : rozo (ubax) * '''Ĉĉ, Ĝĝ, Ĥĥ, Ĵĵ, Ŝŝ, Ŭŭ''' * Ĉ = Ĉado (= “Cado-“dhul) * ĝ = ĝangalo (kayn, juq, hawd) * ĥ = jaĥto; (markab) * ĵ = ĵurnalo (wargeys) * ŝ = ŝipo (markab) * ŭ = aŭtobuso (koryeeri, bas) (Vikipedio cx= ĉ, gx= ĝ, hx= ĥ, jx= ĵ, sx= ŝ, ux= ŭ) dhambaal: * ĉ (cx), ama '''ch''', * ĝ , (gx) ama '''gh''', * ĥ (hx) ama '''hh''', * ĵ (jx) ama ,'''jh''', * ŝ (sx) ama '''sh''' * ŭ (ux) ama '''u''' ''Ekzemplo : chinia esperanta retpagho = ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo'' == Naxwe ''Gramatiko'': Qodob == '''la''' (= ''artikolo'' / qodob ) * '''''la tablo''''' - miis * ''tablo'' - (= 1 ''tablo'' / = 1 miis ) == Magac == (''Substantivo'' / magac) '''-o''' dom'''o''' (=guri) (''dom / o'' ''dom-'''o''''') == Tilmaame == (''Adjektivo'' / tilmaame) '''-a''' grand'''a''' : (=weyn) grand'''a''' domo - == Wadar == (''Pluralo'' / wadar) '''-j''' : ''granda'''j''' domo'''j''''' == Falkaab == (''Adverbo''/ falkaab) '''-e'''. Eva kantas bel'''e'''. ''(adverbo)'' - Eva estas bel'''a'''. ''(adjektivo)'' (''kantas'' = heesid) (''bele/bela'' = qurux, wacan) == Layeele == (''deklinacio'') * 1. (''nominativo''): la ronda tablo - (kiu?) * 2. (''akuzativo''): la ronda'''n''' tablo'''n''' (kiu'''n''' ?) (=layeele) * de la ronda tablo (miis) * al la ronda tablo (''ronda'' = wareeg, kuusan) (xag, gees - ''direkto''): en la parko (jardiinio) - en la parko'''n''' >(jardiino) (tegid) '' mi iras en la parko'' / '' mir iras en la parko'''n''''' (tegid gudaha) == Magaacuyaal == * (''personaj pronominoj''): (magaacuyaal) * mi - (anigaa) ------------------- ni (anaka) * vi - (adigaa) ------------------- vi (idinka) * li - (persono) (isaga) --------- ili (pluralo) (iyaga) * ŝi - (persono) (iyada) --------- oni (dad, iyaga, adiga, anaka) * ĝi - (objekto, ideo) (isaga)----- si (qodhidiis,naftiisa, qodhideed) == magac-uyaal lahaansho - ''posedaj pronomoj'' == ''posedaj pronomoj'' + '''-a''': (magac-uyaal lahaansho) mi'''a''' - vi'''a''' - li'''a''' - ... * mi'''a''' amiko (saaxhiib), * vi'''a''' hundo (=ey), * li'''a''' hundo == (magac) - ''deklinacio'' == * (''deklinacio''): * mi (1. ''nominativo''), * de mi, * al mi , * min (2. ''akuzativo''),. == isbarbardhigid - ''Komparado'' == * (''Komperativo'') '''pli''' * (Superlativo) '''plej''' : * forta * pli forta ('''ol''') * plej forta ('''el''') * ''forta'' xoog - * ''pli forta (ol)'' - ka xoogan - * ''plej forta (el)'' - ugu xoogan == Fal; jooge == ''Konjugado'' - ''Verbo'' / fal ''Prezenco'' / jooge: ''' - as''' mi am'''as''' vin , vi am'''as''' vin, li am'''as''' vin (jeclaysasho) ('''vin'''=layeele) == Fal; tege == ''Preterito''/ tege '''-is''': mi am'''is''' vin, vi amis vin, li amis vin ('''vin'''=layeele) == Fal; soosocde == ''Futuro'' / soosocde '''-os''': mi am'''os''' vin, vi amos vin, li amos vin (vin=layeele) == Fal;(''kondicionalo'') == ''Kondicionalo'' '''-us''' mi am'''us''' vin (vin=layeele) == Fal;(''imperativo'') == ''Imperativo'' '''-u''' am'''u''' min! diru! - (dheh , dhah) == Fal; (''Infinitivo'') == ''Infinitivo'' '''-i''': Mi volas lern'''i''' '''la internacian lingvon''' = Mi volas lern'''i''' '''Esperanton''' ('''-n''' =layeele) * Tobio estas hundo. (ey) * Marko karesas hundo'''n'''. (salaaxid) (hundo'''n'''=layeele) * Marko estas amiko de Maria. (saaxiib) * Maria salutas amiko'''n''' kaj vidas hundo'''n'''. (bariidin /arkid) (amiko'''n'''=layeele) == Weyddiin / ''demanda frazo'' == ''Demanda frazo'': ''' Ĉu ?''' * Ĉu vi komprenas min? Jes, mi komprenas vin. * Ne, mi ne komprenas vi'''n'''. (fahmid, kasid) * Ĉu vi komprenas vorto'''n'''? (vorton=layeele) * Mi ne komprenas vorto'''n''' = eraygaa ma fahmin * Vorto'''n''' ne komprenas mi = eraygaa ma fahmin * Vorto'''n''' mi ne komprenas = eraygaa ma fahmin == Tabelo de korelativaj vortoj == === Silabo i === * '''"i";''' (meelahaas) === Antaŭsilaboj === * k+'''i'''+... ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin * t+'''i'''+... ti- indikvorto - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame) * '''i-''' (meelahaas) * ĉ+'''i'''+ ... ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan) * ne+n + '''i'''- neni- ("maya") * '''Antaŭsilabo''' - '''Mallonga klarigo''' (-qeexniin, sharax) * ki- kio - maxaa/maxay; kiu - kuma demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin * ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame) * i- iu - cid, qof * ĉi- ĉiu - midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba * neni- neniu - qofnaba, cidnaba * (5 x 9 = 45 korelativaj vortoj - tabelvortoj): === Postsilaboj === '''Postsilabo''' - '''Mallonga klarigo'''(-qeexniin, sharax) * -o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas) * -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) * -a eco - tayo, sifo * -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si * -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob * -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor * -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) * -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * -es posedanto - hanti, maal === 45 korelativaj vortoj - tabelvortoj: === * kio - tio - io - ĉio - nenio - * kiu - tiu - iu - ĉiu - neniu - * kia - tia - ia - ĉia - nenia - * kiel - tiel - iel - ĉiel - neniel - * kie - tie - ie - ĉie - nenie - * kiam - tiam - iam - ĉiam - neniam - * kiom - tiom - iom - ĉiom - neniom - * kial - tial - ial - ĉial - nenial - * kies - ties - ies - ĉies - nenies - == Tirooyinka caadiga ah == ''Nombro, Nombrado, arabo cifero'' (= tiro) , ''araboj ciferoj'' (Tirooyinka caadiga ah) * nul 0 * unu 1 --- ses 6 --- dek unu 11 --- cent 100 * du 2 --- sep 7 --- dekdu 12 --- ducent 200 * tri 3 --- ok 8 --- dudek 20 --- mil 1000 * kvar 4 --- nau 9 --- dudek unu 21 --- du mil 2000 * kvin 5 --- dek 10 --- tridek 30 --- du mil unu 2001 * "miliono" 1'000’000 ''roma cifero'': I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X C M "Bonan nokton!" (habeen wanaagsan!) == Tirooyinka habaysan == ''kardinalaj numbroj'' '''-a''': (Tirooyinka habaysan) unu'''a''': 1. (kowaad) du'''a''': 2. (labaad) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- == Iskudarid == * hore: * ek- iri / ekiri (tegid / soco! tegid) * mal- ''rapida / malrapida'' - (dhakhso / aadyar ) (=cagis, lid) ''hela / malhela'' ( furan /mugddi) * mis- kompreni / miskompreni - (fahmid / khalad-fahmid) * re- vidi / revidi - (arkid / dib u arkid) * vir- bovo (lo’) / virbovo (lo’{lab} / (bov'''in'''o - lo’{dhegid} ) == dabadeed == * -ar - arbo / arbaro geed / kayn,yuq, hawd * -aĉ - hundo / hundaco ey / ey >xun <qiimo * -ebl- legi - legebla- akhrisasho />suurtogal * -et- ŝnuro / ŝnureto xadhig / >qaroyar * -eg- ŝnuro / ŝnurego xadhig / >buuran * -ej- lerni / lernejo (baran, barasho /dugsi) * -ig- pura / purigi (nadiif / nadiifin) * -iĝ- blinda / blindigi (indhoole / indhoole > noqosho) * -il- skribi / skribilo - (qorid / qalinqori (makiinadqorid) * -in- bovo / bovino / (virbovo) (lo’) / (bovino - lo’{dhegid} ) virbovo (lo’{lab} ) * -ind- vidi / vidinda arkid / arkid (qaayo/qiimo leh) (qiimo, qaayo) * -ist- baki / bakisto moofayn / moofaale * -ul- fremda / fremdulo (shisheeye / qofshisheeye (ulo = qof) * sana - caafimaad * malsana - bukaan * sanigi - bogsiin, bogsasho * malsanigi - duryid, >bukaan >noqosho * malsanulo - buke * masanulejo- cusbitaal * sanigilo - dawo * sanigebla - bogsiin, bogsasho >suurtogal (Waxbarasho ''Kursoj'': www.esperanto-afriko.org - www.lernu.net) == Qaamuus == === a === * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf ''Malgranda vortaro''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf |date=20120419195944 }} - '''Qaamuus internacia lingvo - Soomaali''' (© DEJ 12-2001) * aĉeti - iibin * agi - falid, shaqayn hawlgelin * ami - jeclaan * ankaŭ - kalóo * antaŭ - hortéeda * antaŭ - hortíisa * (..) ------ * [http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 ''Quaamuus'' internacia lingvo "Radikoj-685" ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 |date=20110514095728 }}: '''''[[uea Universala Esperanto Asocio]]''' '' * ''ekzemploj'': 1. ''afriko = afrik / o afrik - = (radiko) + (finaĵo) -o = afriko'' 2.''adreso = adres / o adres- = (radiko) + (finajho) - o = "adreso"'' * a - (Tilmaame /''Adjektivo'') '''-a''' grand'''a''' : (=weyn) grand'''a''' domo - * -Aĉ - (1.''abomena'') 2. raalila'aan * aĉet / i - libin * -Ad - (qaadasho, gaadhid, socosho, joogto) * adres / o - cinwaan * aer / o - havo * afer / o - kaalin, munaasabad; daas, ganacsi, shaqo; wax, arrin; * afrik / o - [[Afrika]] * ag / i - falid, shaqayn, hawlgelin; * aĝ / o - da, weynaan, gabow; * aĥ! - (alla fiicnayda); (ah!)( maya, hay dhihin); (yaab),((la)yabid); (fajacid); amakaag, yaab, amaakaag, fajac * ajn - (Jarmal: ''auch immer, auch nur, überhaupt'') (iyana, asana, ana) (marwalba, markastaba),(keliya),(guud ahaan, gebi ahaan) * -Aĵ, - (Jarmal: ''Suffix'') wax, walax, * akcept/i - (qaadasho, yeelind, moodid, kasooqaadid) * akv /o - biyo [[Biyo]] * al - (ilaa, ka)(xagga) (ku) * ali / a - ka, kale, midkale * almenaŭ - ugu yaran, ugu yaraan * alt / a - kor (pli alta - ka kore) (pley alta - ugu koraysa) * amas / o - dadweyne, wadar; urur, wadar, tiro, xaddi * ambaŭ - labadaba * amerik / o -Maraykan, Ameerikaa ([[Maraykanka assalkoodii]];[[Maraykan]],[[Mareykan]],[[Ameerika]];'''[[Ameerikada koonfureed]]''';[[Woqooyiga Ameerika]],[[Maksiko]];[[Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]]) * am / i - jeclaan * amik/o - saaxiib (amikeco - saxiibtinimo) * -An - (xubin) (an / o - xubin) * ankaŭ - kalóo * ankoraŭ - weli * anstataŭ - bedel * -Ant - juĝ'''ant''' / o juĝanto xaakin; (leg / i, - akhrisaho, akhriyid; leg'''ant''' / o) * antaŭ - hortíisa, hortéed * aparat / o - aalad * apart/a - faquuq (feraari, kalasooc) * apenaŭ - dhif (..) * aper // i - muuqasho, soobixid (apero sur la scenejo; aper(aĵ)o) * april / o - [[Abriil]] * apud - agteeda, agtíisa * -Ar - (arbo - geed; arb'''ar'''o - kayn, juq, hawd)(ŝafo - ido, ŝaf'''ar'''o - 10,12,...100 ŝafoj) * aranĝ / i - habayn (nidaam, amar) * artikol / o - qodob, qodobgarasho * art / o - [[fan]], ka; artisto - [[fanaan]]; artaĵo / belartaĵo - shaqo fanaan * as - ('''jooge''') (mi vid'''as''' - Waan arkaa; ni laŭd'''as''' - Waan amaanaynaa; li rest'''as''' - Wuu joogayaa) * asoci / o - (bulsho); (midayn); (kulan, shir)(xubin); * aspekt // i - muuqasho * at - pasiva participo; daŭrado aŭ ripetado: La letero estas skrib'''at'''a de mi. * atend / i - sugid * atent/a - wedan, isjir * ating / i - gaadhid (atingi trenon - taareen gaadhid) * aŭ - ama * aŭd / i - maqlid * aŭskult / i - dhegeysasho * aŭgust / o - [[Agoosto]] * aŭstrali/o - [[Australia]] * aŭtobus / o - koryeeri, bas; [[Bas]]; (haltejo (aŭ) stacio de aŭtobuso - joogsibas, joogsikoryeeri) * aŭtomobil / o - baabuur, [[Baabuur]] (Aŭtovojo - jidweyne);(Aŭtoisto (aŭ) veturigisto - babuurwade, darawal); (aŭt/i - baabuur wadid, baabuur kaxayn) (Aŭtoriparejo - geerashbaabuursamayn) (aŭtoasekuro - caymisbaabuur)(aŭtokuro - baabuurbaratan);(Aŭtonegocisto )(aŭ) (Aŭtokomercisto) - ganacsadebaabuur) * aŭtun/o - dayr [[Dayr]] * av / o - awow (avino - ayeeyo, mocooyo) * azi / o - [[Aasiya]] === b === * baldaŭ - hore, markiiba, degdeg * banan/o - muus; [[Muus]] * baz/o - (..); (cag,lug; dhulka aqalka)(weedhweyno) * bedaŭr / i - kaxumaasho * bel / a - qurxóon * best / o - xoolo, bahal; bahalo * bezon / i - baahasho, doonid * bibliotek / o - kutuble, kutubhaye; [[Maktabad]];[[Buug]] * bild / o - sawir; [[Mishelangelo]] * bilet/o - tigidh dhoff * bird/o - [[shimbir]]; (struto - [[Goronyo]])(aglo - [[Dafo]]) * bo- - (patro - via '''bo'''patro → la patro de via edzino / filo → via '''bo'''filo = la edzo de via filino) * bon / a - fiican, wanaagsan * botel/o - dhalo, quraarad [[Dhalo]] * bril//i - dhalaalid, wedhwedhid === c === * cel / o - ujeeddo, -ada * cent - boqol * cert /a (certa esti) - badbaadíd === ĉ === * ĉambr / o - qol * ĉar - maxaayeelay * ĉarm/a - (naxariis) ((si)saaxiib)(waad ku hagaagsan tahay) * ĉe - aktiis, xaggiisa * ĉef / a - badanka (madax,ugaas) (muhiim); (ĉefurbo - magaalo-madax, caasimad) * ĉeval/o - faras [[Faras]] * ĉi - ( ĉi-kune - wadajir) * ĉia - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba)(nooc, dariiq, si) '''(Tabelvorto)'''(ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -a eco - tayo, sifo) * ĉial - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba) (sababtee) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * ĉiam - marvalba, markastaba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * ĉie - meelwalba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * ĉiel - (idil, giddi, dhammaan) (nooc, dariiq, si) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) * ĉies - (qofwalba, cidwalba) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -es posedanto - hanti, maal) * ĉio - waxkaste,dhammaan '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * ĉiom - waxkaste, dhammaan '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) * ĉirkaŭ - meelahaas, ugu dhawaan * ĉiu - midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)) * -ĉj, - ( Karesvorto por patro (aabbe): „Patreto! Pa'''ĉj'''o!“) Patro (aabbe): (raaxo, naxariis, dareenbadan): Paĉjo! (Patreto!) * ĉu - inaan (weyddiin, su'aalid) ('''Ĉu''' vi komprenas min? — Jes, mi komprenas vin!) === d === * da - (unu kilogramo '''da''' pano) (1 litro '''da''' lakto)(peco da pano - hal rooti ah) ''(La riĉulo havas mult'''e''' '''da''' mono)'' * dank / i - mahadin * dan / o - homo de Danujo ([[Denmark]]) * daŭr//i - qaadasho, gaadhid, socosho * de - ka * decembr/o - Diiseembar [[Diseembar]] * decid/i - goosasho, go'aamin * deĵor//i - adeegid (deĵoro - shaqo, adeeg) * dek - toban (10) * dekstr / a - midig (dekstre - midig, geesta midigta) * demand/i - weyddiin, su'aalid * des - intuu, intii (je pli li laboras, des pli monon li ricevas - intuu shaqada sii badiyaba, waaa ka sii lacag badnaanayaa) * dev/i - waajibid * dezir/i - rajeyn * diabl/o - ibliis; shaydhaan; shaydhaan cas (magac) (tilmaame: diabl/a - xun) * difin/i - qeexid (sugid, garasho)(xidhid, adkayn) * dik/a - buuran, qara weyn, shilis * dimanĉ / o - [[Axad]] * direkt / o - xag, gees * dir / i - dhihid, odhaso, sheegid * dis- '''dis'''ŝiri - jeexid, dilaaacin (mi '''dis'''ŝiris la leteron kaj '''dis'''ĵetis ĝiajn pecetojn en ĉiujn angulojn de la ĉambro) (angulo - gees, koone)(peco / pec'''et'''o) * diskut/i - (qeexid,sharaxid)(odhasho, andacoobid) * do - hadaabe, sidaas * doktor/o - dhakhtar * dolĉ/a - macaan (wanaagsan, qaali) (maldolĉa - qadhaadh) * dom/o - guri, aqal * don/i - siin * dorm//i - seexasho (dormo - hurdo; dormĉambro - qolhurdo) * du - laba (2) * dum - markaas, muddadaas, gudeheeda === e === * e - Falkaab (Adverbo/ falkaab) '''-e'''. Eva kantas bel'''e'''. (adverbo); bon'''e''' manĝi (vidu PMEG) * -Ebl - ('''ebl'''a - suurtogal) (eblo - suurtogal)(manĝi → manĝ'''ebl'''a = tia, ke ĝi povas esti manĝata (cunid);(kalkul'''ebl'''a) * -Ec - Ili admiris la saĝeco) (saĝeco - xikmad) (yaabid, layaabid) * eĉ - xataa, weli (Li timas '''eĉ''' sian propran ombron) (ombro - hadh,hoos) * eduk/i - ( = fal) (magac: eduk/o - waxbarasho) * edz/o - (guur)/(nin, xaas)(mudane); (edz'''in'''o - afadayda, xaaskayga) * -Eg - (weyni, dherer) (domo - (guri,aqal): (dom'''eg'''o)(dom'''et'''o - yar, kis) (hundo, hun'''de'''go, hund'''et'''o - ey) * -Ej - (dormi - seexasho → dorm'''ej'''o = qolhurdo; (manĝoĉambro) (aŭ - ama) manĝ'''ej'''o - qolcunno, qolcunitaan; duŝi-duŝo-duŝ'''ej'''o - qobaysasho, maydhasho) * ek - (bilaabid) labori → '''ek'''labori = komenci labori * ekran/o - dhalada telefishanka (komputila ekrano) (kino - shaneemo) (kinaekrano - shaneemo) * eks- (waagii hore, goor hore, dhakso) (ministro - washiir, xoghaye qaran) (ministro → '''eks'''ministro = persono, kiu antaŭe estis ministro) * ekskurs/o - (bixitaan) * ekster - ka sokow * ekzempler/o - ( 1 ekzemplero de libro) (1 kitaab, 1 buug) * ekzempl / o - tusaale (ekzempl'''e''' - tusaale) * ekzist//i - (jirid : waan jirayaa) (Ne ekzistas fumo sen fajro.) (fumo - qiiq) (fajro - dab) (fumo ne estas sen fajro) * el - ka * elekt/i - doorasho * -Em - (farax) (inklino (labor: labor'''em'''a,) (manĝi: manĝ'''em'''a) (timi - tim'''em'''a) * en - gudaha * -End, (pagi → pag'''end'''a = tia ke ĝi devas esti pagata, tia ke oni pagu ĝin) (xisaabta bixi, maandhe!) * -Er, (sablo - ciid, caroo) sablo → sabl'''er'''o = ("1") grajno de sablo ("1" arabikhi, "1" ciid, "1" caroo) * esper / i - rajeyn * est//i - ahaan (fal) (mi estas somalo - Waxaan ahay Soomaali) * estr - ('''estr'''o - agaasime) (bank'''estr'''o - bangi-agaasime) (eskal/o - salaan) * -Et, (yar, kis)(dom'''et'''o); (weyni, dherer) (domo - dom'''eg'''o) * eŭrop/o - [[Yurub]] * eventual / a - (suurtogal)(laga yaabaa) * evolu//i - horumarid === f === * facil/a - fudud, sahlan, jilicsan * fak/o - maadad * fakt/o - xaqiiqo, run, dhab * fal//i - ridid, dhicin * famili / o - xaas * far/i - falid, samayn * februar / o - Fabraayo [[Febraayo]] * feliĉ/a - nasiiblow, faraxsan * fenestr/o - daaqad * ferm/i - xidhid * fest/i - dabaaldegid, ciidid, fasax ahaansho * fi- (komercisto - ganacsade) ('''fi'''komercisto - kadhexeeye, yasan); (insekto - cayayaan) ('''fi'''insekto - wasakh, usgag) * film/o - filim * fil / o - wiil * fin / i - dhammayn, gabagabyn * fiŝ / o - kaluun * flank / o - dhinac, bog * flav / a - jaalle, hurruud * flor/o - ubax * flug/i - duulid * foj/o - mar * for - tegey, fog, maqan * forges/i - ilaawid, hilmaamid * form/o - qaab (form/i - qaab u samayn, qaab u yeelid) * fort / a - xoog * fot/i sawirid, sawirqaadid * frap/i - tumid, garaacid, fanaxin * frat/o - walaal * fraŭl/o - (Ne edziĝinta viro) (wiil, kuray); (fraŭl'''in'''o) fraŭlino - '''gashaanti, gabadh''' Ne edziniĝinta vir'''in'''o. * frenez / a - waalan * fru / e - (goor) hore, kalah * funkci/o - ([[Xisaab]]) * fuŝ/i - ( bi'in, xumayn) (kuiri - karin, baylin) ('''fuŝ'''kuiri, '''fuŝ'''kuiristo, '''fuŝ'''kuiraĵo - calool iska bi'in ) === g === * gazet/o - wargeys * ge- (patro - aabee; '''ge'''patroj = patro kaj patrino) '''ge'''patroj - aabee iyo hoyoyo * glas/o - koob, dhalo, muraaayad * grand / a - weyn, dheer * gratul/i - nasiib rajeyn * grav / a - muhiim * grup/o - koox * gvid/i - hogaamin, hagid; (agaasime) * ĝeneral/a - guudahaan * ĝen/i - baajin * ĝi, - (magac-uyaal qof) (la priparolata '''aĵo''' (waax,arrin), '''besto''' (xoolo, bahal) aŭ (ama) '''infaneto''' (ilmo)) * ĝis - ilaa, (xagga, ku) * ĝust/a - sax, dhag, gaw === h === * ha - a montras ekmiron aŭ surprizon: Ha, kiel bele! (alla fiicnaydaa!) * hav / i - haysasho * hejm / o - hooy * help/i - caawin, kaalmayn * hieraŭ - shalay * histori/o - [[Taariikh]] * ho - "Ho" estas ĝenerala (guudahaan) ekkria vorteto por esprimi vivan senton: “Ho, ĉielo!” - Ah!, cir, janno! (guudahaan) * hodiaŭ - maanta * hom/o - dad, aadame, qof (hom - '''ar''' -o) (hom'''ar'''o - dadnimo, insaaniyad, aadaminimo) * hor / o - saacad, dersi * hotel/o - hudheel === i === * i - Mi volas labor'''i''' (infinitivo) voli - rabid, doonid; labori - shaqayn * ia (libro) - kitaab uun (tabelvorto) * ial, '''(tabelvorto)''': (sabab)(meelahaas) * iam - '''(tabelvorto)''': mar, waa, (meelahaas); tempo - wakhti, milay, goor * -Id - hundo → hund'''id'''o = nematura hundo; hundo - ey (kadhallinyar/ugu dhallinyar); (arbo -geed) arb'''id'''o * ide/o - fikrad * ie - meeluun '''(tabelvorto)''' * iel - si'uun, si uun (meelahaas) '''(tabelvorto)''' maniero - nooc, dariiq, si * ies, - (qofuun)(meelahaas) posedanto - hanti, maal '''(tabelvorto)''' * -Ig - (sufikso); akra - afweyn, kulul (basbaas); tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi; akra → akr'''ig'''i = agi tiel, ke io fariĝas akra: Mi akr'''ig'''as mian tranĉilon. * -Iĝ, (sufikso); akra - afweyn, kulul (basbaas); akra → akr'''iĝ'''i = fariĝi akra La ekonomia krizo akr'''iĝ'''is. Milito - dagal, dirir: La milito akr'''iĝ'''is. * -Il, (sufikso); tranĉi - jarid, gooyn; tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi; tondi → tond'''il'''o = instrumento por tondi (kiu konsistas el du klingoj): tond'''il'''o - maqas * ili - iyaga / iyagaa; magac-uyaal qof 3 pluralo * imag / i - malayn, sawirasho * -In - (sufikso); (homo - dad, aadame, qof) homo → hom'''in'''o = ina homo (dhaddig); ina - dhaddig * -Ind - (sufikso); am'''ind'''a - (naxariis); ami → am'''ind'''a = tia ke ĝi meritas esti amata; '''ind'''a korano - [[Qur'aan]] * infan / o - ilmo * inform/i - gaadsiin, waamid, wargelin * -Ing, glavo: (tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi)(milito)(Milito - dagal, dirir): glavo - glav'''ing'''o (dhaqan)(shandad) * instru/i - barid, casharsiin; (instru'''ad'''o - xiisad, dersi) * int - (Aktiva participo) leg'''int'''a = tia, ke oni antaŭe legis * inter - (inter ni - waa aniga iyo adiga) * interes/i - xiisayn (intereso - xiiso, dan) * invit/i - martiqaadid, casuumid, codsasho (invito - martiqaad) * io - (woxoogaa), inyar, kis, wax '''(tabelvorto)''' (meelahaas)+(-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * iom - woxoogaa '''(tabelvorto)''' (iom mono - woxoogaa lacaga) (meelahaas)+(-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) * iran / o - [[Iiraan]] * ir//i - tegid * is - (tege) mi labor'''is''' (mi laboris = la ago “labori” okaz'''is''' antaŭ nun) (jooge: mi laboras) * -Ism, (Budho → Budh'''ism'''o) (komuna (guudahaan)→ komun'''ism'''o)(kapitalo - maal → kapital'''ism'''o); Islamismo; * -Ist (kurac'''ist'''o - dhaktar, dabiib)(kurac / i - baanasho, (baxnaanin, lamacaaamil)) (juĝ'''ist'''o - xaakin) (polic/o - [[booliis]]); (polic'''ist'''o - [[booliis]], askari) * it. (pasiva participo it: plenumiĝo aŭ rezulto) (La ŝtelisto estis arest'''it'''a de polic'''ist'''o. (ŝtel'''ist'''o - tuug) (ŝtel/i - xadid) (polic'''ist'''o - [[booliis]], askari) * ital / o - [[Talyaaniga]] * iu - cid, qof; (qofuun, ciduun) '''(tabelvorto)''': -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) === j === * j - (dom/o - guri, aqal) - 1 dom'''o''' (singular, keli; 2 domo'''j''' (wadar) * ja - (Vi '''ja''' aŭdis per oreloj propraj) (ka xoogan, run, dhab) * jam - mar hore * januar / o - Janaayar [[Janaayo]] * japan/o - [[Jabaan]] * jar/o - sannad * je - meeleeye; Preni iun je la mano (= lia), per la mano (= sia).Konduki iun je la nazo. ''(je estas rolvorteto sen difinita signifo. Ĝenerale oni evitu je, se pli bona alternativo ekzistas.)'' * jen (adverbo) '''Jen''' la suno subiras, venas la nokto. (La suno estas subita - cadceeddii waa dhacday) * jes - haa (Respondvortoj); (jes, ja - haa waan jecelahay) * ju - (intii/markii .. waa intii) '''Ju pli''' da mono ni havos, '''des pli''' rapide kaj bone iros kompreneble nia afero. '''Ju pli''' da laborantoj estos, '''tiom pli''' rapide estos finita la granda konstruo * juli/o - [[Yulyo]] ([[Luuliyo]]) * jun/a - marras; infan'''et'''o - saqiir; junulo - barbaar; junuloj - barbaar; ŝaf'''id'''o (j) - maqal; kapr'''id'''o - maqal; ŝaf'''id'''oj kaj kapr'''id'''oj - maqal; * juni/o - [[Yunyo]] ([[Juun]]) === ĵ === * ĵaŭd / o - [[Khamiis]] * ĵet/i - saaniyey, toosin, xukumid * ĵus - haddadan, imikadan === k === * kaj - iyo * kalkul/i - xsiaabin * kamp/o - beer * kant//i - heesid, balweyn * kapabl / a - kar, awood * kapt/i - qabasho, jilaabasho, halqafid * kar / a - wanaagsan, qaali * kart/o - tigidh, taysaro, sawirdhul (landokarto de Germanujo - sawirdhuleedka Jarmalka) * kased/o - cajal; cajalad; (sanduuq) rikoodh, rikoodh ku qabasho; kasedo de magneta rubando; kasedo de magneta disko aŭ lumdisko * kaŝ/i - qarin (isquarin, dhuumasho) * kaŭz/o - sabab (kauŭz/i - tiu vorto kaŭzis la malpacon) * kaz / o - (naxwaho) (deklinacio) (''nominativo'', (ilahaansho);(kee); layeele) * ke - kaa, si ay, (Ŝajnas, ke pluvos). (muuqasho), (daid, roobid) (-os soosocde) * kelk/a - (in/wax yar) kelka'''j''' - dhawr * kia - (maxay) '''(tabelvorto)'''En infano vidiĝas, kia homo fariĝos. ''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-a eco - tayo, sifo) * kial - waayo '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-al kialo - sabab (sababtee?)) * kiam - goorma '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * kie - meel, xaggee '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * kiel - waayo '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) * kies - Kies filo vi estas? '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-es posedanto - hanti, maal) * kio - maxay, (kaa, wax)''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * kiom - intee, meeqa '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) * kiu - kuma '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)) * klar/a - cad, saafi; (klara akvo - biyo cad) * klas/o - - saf, heer, fasal; (klasĉambro - qolfasal); (societo, matematiko, botaniko); (altklasa homo; la laborista klaso;) * klav/o - (taabasho) (fure) (pianoklavo)(muusiik) (klavo de piano, klavo de tajpilo); * klopod//i - dadaalid (klopodo - dadaal, dhib) * klub / o - naadi * knab/o - wiil, kuray; knab'''in'''o - gabadh * kolekt/i - urur in; Kolekto - urur * kolor/o - midab (kolorfilmo - filim midab ah) * komenc/i - bilaabid * komerc//i - ganacsasho; (komerco - bucshiro, ganacso) * komision/o - wadar (guddi) * komitat/o - guddi * kompren / i - fahmid, kasid * komput/i - xsiaabin; (komputilo: Maŝino por komputi - (makiinadqorid/xisaab/xisaabin/xisaabaad)''(Computer)'' * komun/a - guudahaan (komuna (guudahaan)→ komun'''ism'''o) * koncern/i - khusayn * kongres/o, -(haasaawe) (konferenc /o - shir) (konference - fadhdhi / fadhi) (haasaawe) * kon / i - garasho, aqoonid * konkret / a - runtii, dhabtii (Montri tre konkrete sian dankon.) * konsent//i - heshii, guddoon, (qabbil) (ogol, waa yahy) * konsil/i - naseexee, (konsilo'''j''' - talo); (konsil'''iĝ'''i - talo wyddiin) (konsilodomo - dawladda hoose) * konsist//i - kooban (unu minuto konsistas el sesdek sekundoj) (minuto - daqiiqad) (sekundo - sugundo) * konstru/i - dhisid, ratib, (dhiso, dhis) * kontakt/o - taabo (kulan, gunud) (tashi);(kontakt'''ig'''i- (hadlid)) * kontent/a - ruaali, ( esti kontenta per - ku raali ahaan(sho) * kontraŭ - lid, xagga * kontrol/i - untuxaabudm baadgudm tuhaabub); (ekzamen/o, kritik/o) kontrolo - imitixaan, tijaabo * korb/o - dambiil * kost/i - joogid (qiimo),dhadhamin * kred / i - aaminid, rumaysasho, malayn * kresk//i - korid, kordhid * krom - ka sokow, (ka sokow/laakiin(se)); (krome - takale) * kruel / a - (awoodsheegad)(kruela kiel tigro, besto);(kruel/i - (burburin, dumin, kharibid) (kruel/o - jengeli) * kuir / i - karin, baylin (cunto karin) * kultur/o - dhaqan, ilbaxnimo * kun - weheliyo, la socoda * kupon/o - (ingiriisi: coupon/voucher) * kur//i - socosho, ordid * kurs / o - deris, waxbarasho * kuŝ//i - dhacid, oolid, jiifid (lito - sariir);(kuŝejo - sariir) * kutim/i - laasimid, qabatimid; (kutimo - caado, lassim; kutima - guud ahaan, caado ahaan) * kvankam - inkastoo * kvar - afar (4) * kvazaŭ - (marka) / (bal aan adhahno/odhano) * kvin - shan (5) === l === * la - (qodob) * labor//i - shaqayn (laboro - shaqo, hawl, waxqabasho) (laboristo - shaqaale); (esti senlabora - shaqola'aansho) * lag/o - badyaro * lakt/o - caano * land/o - dhul, dal; (pejzaĝo - bilicdhul) * larĝ/a - ballaadh * las/i - dhaafid, eyn, ogolaasho, samayn * last/a - dambe, ugu dambeeyey * laŭ - loo eego, waafqasan * lav/i - maydhid, dhaqid * lecion/o - dersi, cashar, daras, meeris * leg /i akhrisaho, akhriyid; Korano - [[Qur'aan]] * lern/i - barasho, dersid * leter / o - dhambaal, warqad * lev/i - hinjin, baacin * li - isaga (magac-uyaal qof) (li estas knabo) * liber/a - xor, bannaan * libr/o - kitaab, buug * lig/i - (guntid) (ligo- (kulan, gunud) (Alligi ŝipon al la kajo.) ((lig'''il'''o) (computer) - (iskuxiriir)) * lingv/o - hadal * literatur/o - suugaan * loĝ // i- kunoolasho, degenaasho * lok/o - meel, deegaan, goob * long / a - dheer, dherer * lud // i ciyaard (ludo - ciyaar, dheel) * lund / o - [[Isniin]] === m === * maj / o - Maayo [[Maajo]] * mal-, (cagis, lid)(cagiska, sida kale); bona (fiican, wanaagsan) → '''mal'''bona (xun); (granda - weyn, dheer) → ('''mal'''granda - yar,kis) * malgraŭ - waxkastoo * manĝ/i - cunid, cunto qaadasho; manĝo - cunto, (cuunto, quud) * manier/o - nooc, dariiq, si * mank//i - dhinaasho, maqnaasho * man / o - gacan * mard/o - [[Talaado]] * mark/o - summad, calaamad, tigidh * mar/o - [[bad]] * mart / o - [[Maarso]] * maŝin/o - makiinad, ijjin, ( tajpi - makiinad (teeb) ku qorid); (tajp'''il'''o - makiinadqorid; skribmaŝin/o - makiinadqorid;) * maten/o - aroor, subax; (Bonan matenon! - aroor/subax wanaagsan) * material/o - alaab * mem - (qodh(ayda), naf(tayda) (Mi longe interne batalis kun mi mem.) * membr/o - xubin * memor/i - xasuusasho memoro - xasuus * merkred/o - [[Arbaco]] * mesaĝ/o - war (mesaĝ/i - gaadsiin, waramid, wargelin) * met/i - jiifin, dhigid, meelayn, * metod/o - hab * mez / o - dhex, badhtame * mi - anigaa (magac-uyaal qof) (Mi amas min mem.) * miks / i - qasid, khaldid, laaqid * mil - kun (1000) * miliard / o - bilyan (1 000 000 000) * milion/o - milyan ( 1 000 000) * milit // i, (Du militas, tria profitas.) (milito - dagal, dirir);(militistaro - xoogga);(savarmeo - xoogbadbaado) * minus - naaqus (10 - 6 = 4 dek minus ses faras kvar;) * minut/o - daqiiqad * mir//i - yaabid, layaabid (miro - yaabi) (miraklo - yaab) * mis-, kompreni - fahmid, kasid → '''mis'''kompreni - khaladfahmid = kompreni erare (gaf, khalad) * moment/o - muddo, ilbidhiqsi, waxyar * monat / o, bil (monat / e - bilkasta) * mond / o - adduun * mon / o - lacag ([[Lacagta]]; ETB [[Birr]]; IQD [[Ciraaqi Diinaar]] [[Ciraaq]];USD [[Dollar]] [[Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]]; EUR [[Euro]] [[Yurub]]; KES [[Shilin Kiinyaati]] [[Kiinya]]; SOS [[Shilin Soomaali]] [[Soomaaliya]];) * mont / o - taag, buur, (haaar) * montr/i - tusid, muujin, tilmaamid * morgaŭ - aroor, subax * mort//i - dhimasho; morto - dhimasho * mov / i - dhaqaajin * mult/a - wax badan, in badan * mus/o - [[walo]]; muso; Komputilo: (Enigilo (dialoga disponaĵo) kiun la uzanto movas (ĵargone: „trenas“) sur horizontala ebeno (ekz-e sur sia tablo, prefere kovrita per musmato), tiel movante muskursoron) * muzik/o - muusiik (muziki - muusiik samayn) === n === * n. - 1. (=layeele/akuzativo): la ronda'''n''' tablo'''n''' (kiu'''n''' ?) (=layeele); 2. "n" - (xag, gees) * naci / o - qaran, ummad * naĝ//i - dabaalasho * nask/i - ka dhalasho; (nasko - dhalasho) (datreveno - (maalin)dhalasho * natur/o - dabeecad * naŭ - sagaal (9) * ne - may(a) * neces/a - lagama maarmaan * nek, * nenia - (midna, qofna, cidna) (neni- ("maya") + -a eco - tayo, sifo) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(ni bezonas '''nenian''' helpon;)'' * nenial, (neni- ("maya") + -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(li nenial ĉesis skribi al mi;)'' (ĉesi - joojin, gabagabayn) * neniam - weligeedna; (neni- ("maya") + -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(mi neniam fumis;)'' * nenie - meelaba; (neni- ("maya") + -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(nenie mi povos ĝin trovi;)'' * neniel - (neni- ("maya") + -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) ''ni neniel interesiĝas pri tio;'' '''(tabelvorto)''' * nenies - (qofnaba, cidnabe) (neni- ("maya") + -es posedanto - hanti, maal) ''Esperanto estas nenies propraĵo;'' '''(tabelvorto)''' (propraĵo - hanti, maal) * nenio - waxba; (neni- ("maya") + '''(tabelvorto)''' (ni nenio'''n''' povis vidi; '''-n''' - layeele);'' Ekzistas '''nenio''' certa sur la tero, krom tio, kion la homo posedas en sia propra brusto kaj kapo.'' * neniom - waxba (neni- ("maya") + -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(vi neniom ŝuldas al mi;)'' * neniu - qofnaba, cidnaba; (midna, qofna,cidna) (neni- ("maya") + -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''neniu'''n''' ni renkontis;'' (renkonti - helid, kulmid; -n layeele) * nepr/e - marleyba, (lagama maarmaan), * neŭtral/a - dhexdhexaad * ni - anaka / anakaa (magac-uyaal qof) ''(Ni vidas per la okuloj kaj aŭdas per la oreloj.)'' * -Nj - patrino (hooyo, maama) → Pa'''nj'''o (patrino, wanagsan, qaali) ''(Per '''NJ''' oni faras karesajn nomojn de vir'''in'''oj.)'' * nokt/o - habeen; bonan notkton - habeen wanaagsan; tranokti - uhoyasho, baryid; ''(tranokti en hotelo, sub tendo; ili manĝis kaj trinkis kaj tranoktis tie)'' * nom/o - magac * nord/o - woqooyi;[Waqooyi]]; (norda - xagga/geesta woqooyi) ; * normal/a - caadi, fayaw, miyirqab * nov/a - cusub * novembr / o - Noofeembar, [[Nofeembar]] * nu - (hadda, iminka, imika) ''(Nu, nu! Ne ploru!)'' (plor/i - ooyid, baroorasho) * nul - eber * numer/o - tiro * nun - hadda, iminka, imika * nur - keliya === o === * o - magac -o; (amik'''o'''- saaxiib; tajlor'''o''' -dawaarle, harqaanle; ĉeval'''o''' - faras; krajon'''o''', bros'''o''' - caday, burush) * -Obl - ''“multipliko”''. (du → du'''obl'''o = kvanto duobla - labanlaab) (Matematikaj esprimoj - Xisaab) * ofic/o - mammuus, maamul; xafiis; (ofic'''ej'''o - xafiis) * oft/e - badanaa, inta badan * ok - siddeed (8) * okaz//i - dhacid; kio okazis ? maxaa dhacay? Akcidento okazis - qallad baa dhacday ; ''(Okazu, kio okazi devas)'' * okcident/o - [[galbeed]]; [[Galbeed]]; (okcident/a - okcident/e - xagga galbeedka) * oktobr / o - [[Oktoobar]] * rigard / i - eegid, fiirin * vid / i - arkid * okup/i - (fadhiisaso, dagal,dirir); '''ek'''okupi - bilaabid; '' (Sin okupi pri arto.'' - (sawirid, rinjiyeyn)) * ol - marka ''(ŝi estas pli ol bela, ŝi estas belega)'' * -On, ON = “divido”.( du → du'''on'''o 1/2 - badh) (Matematikaj esprimoj - Xisaab) * oni - dad, iyaga, adiga, anaka (magac-uyyal) ''(oni kredas, ke kometoj anoncas malfeliĉon)'' * ont - (Aktivaj participoj - soosocde) ''(Viro, kiu poste leg'''os''', estas leg'''ont'''a viro.)'' * -Op - ''“grupo kun certa nombro da membroj” :du → duopo = grupo de du, paro; dek → dekopo = grupo de dek'' * opini/i - malayn, ujeedid; (opinio - aragti, ra'yi, male) * ordinar/a - guud ahaan, caado ahaan * ord/o - nidaam, habayn; ''orda'' (ama) ''ord'''em'''a'' - hagaagsan, habaysan, nidaamsan; ord'''ig'''i - nidaamin, hagaaj in, habayn, * organiz/i - dunmi, qabanqaabi, tabaabulyee; (ordo); (organiz'''aĵ'''o); organizo - abaabul, tabaabulyo * orient/o - [[bari]]; (orienta - xagga/geesta bari) * os - (soosocde) Mi vid'''os''' - Waan arki doonaa. (Morgaŭ est'''os''' lundo.)- [[Isniin]]) * ot - ''pasiva participo'' (OT - ''stato'' (xaal) ''antaŭ ago)'' ''Oni elektu OT-participon, se temas pri stato'' (xaal) ''antaŭ la ago.'' ''(Libro, kiun oni poste leg'''os''', estas leg'''ot'''a libro.)'' * ov/o - [[ukun]], ugax, beed === p === * pac/o - nabad * paĉj/o - (-aabbe) (Patro - aabbe → Paĉjo) ''(-ĉj, - ( Karesvorto por patro (aabbe): „Patreto! Pa'''ĉj'''o!“) Patro:'' (raaxo, naxariis, dareenbadan): ''Paĉjo! (Patreto!)'' * pag/i - bixin * paĝ/o - dhinac, bog * pan/o - kimis, roodhi, furin * paper/o - xaashi, warqad; (leteropapero - (ama) - leterpapero - xaashi qoritaan) * pardon/i - cafid, saamixid, raaligelin; (Pardonu! Pardonu min - iga raali ahaw!) * parol//i - hadlid; (parolo - hadal, khudbad; (paroli pri.. - hadal jeedin) * part/o - qayb, sed; (rezervparto - dayactir; wadar) * pas//i, - (dhaafid, baaraash)''(li pasis al mi - wuu i dhaafay) (pasi sur la strato, la placo, tra kampo); (paso - pasejo en monto - taag,haar) (waddo,jid); lia tago pasadis en studado;'' * patr / o - aabbe * pec/o - garooc, jab, hal, qayb, (peco da pano - hal rooti ah) * pend//i - deldelid, sudhid (''la filo dependas de sia patro'' - kuxidhnaaasho) * pens//i - malayn, fikirid * per - (meeleeye) ''(Per hakilo ni hakas; sin nutri per legomoj; hak/i - jarjar (jarid, gooyn, garaacid, tumid); (legom/o - legomo'''j''' - khudrad, noocyo khudrad) - (nutr/a - nafaqo; nutr/o - gashin, geshin; nutra manĝaĵo - (baan);'' ''plenigi botelon per akvo;)'' * perd/i - lumid, halaabid, (perdo - halaw, khassare) * perfekt/a - dhan; (dhan, buuxa)( si buuxda, dhan, idil); ''(mi komprenas perfekte - si wanaagsan ayaan u fahmayaa)'' ; ''perfekte ludi pianon;'' * period/o - ammin * permes/i - ogolaasho, yeelid * person/o - qof ; persona/persone - qof ahaan; person/'''a'''(tilmaame):'' mia person'''a''' situacio;'' person/'''e''' (falkaab): ''mi konas lin person'''e''''' * pet/i - baryid, codsasho, tuugid * pied/o - cag, lug; ''piediri - lugayn, cag ku socosho; planko - dhulka aqalka; piediranto - dadka lugta, socoto'' * plaĉ//i - cajebin, kahelid ; ''(bone plaĉas al mi - si wanaagsan bay ii cajebisey); (tre plaĉas al mi ĉi tie); plaĉa - nefis'' * plan/o - qorshe * plej - ''(Superlativo)''- plej ofte - badanka, inta badan; (Aŭgusto estas mia ''plej'' amata filo.)''forta xoog - pli forta (ol) - ka xoogan - '''plej''' forta (el) - ugu xoogan'' ''(Akceptu mian plej koran dankon.)'' * plen/a - buux * plezur /o - farax * pli - (Komperativo) ka badan; pli kaj pli - kolba ka sii badanaysa; ''(lakto estas pli nutra, ol vino);(nutr/a - nafaqo''); * plu - (i ntaa kaddib, waxa dheer, ka durugsan); '''ktp''' (k·t·p ← '''kaj tiel plu''') - '''(iwm.)''' iyo wixii la mid an (iwm.) * plur/aj - dhawr (pluraj personoj atestis tion);(pruvi - caddayn) * plus - (2 + 2 = 4 → Du plus du faras kvar.)(matematiko - [[Xisaab]]) * po - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba) '' (la drapo kostas po 2 $ dolaroj por metro (2 dolarojn por ĉiu metro);'' * poem/o - gabay * pom/o - tufaax [[Tufaax]] * popol/o - dad, qaran * popular/a - (lajecelyahay); (dad,qaran) * por - xaraf * pord / o - [[albaab]], irrid, gool * port/i - quaadid, xidhasho, sidhasho * post - (dambe, gadal); ''La virineto kaŝis sin post kelkaj altaj ŝtonoj.'' post - dabaddeed, (kaddib); post kiam - (dambe, kaddib, mardambe) (- Post kiam li alvenis, ni manĝis.) ; post tio - haddana, dabadeedna, markaana (Kvaronon da horo post tiuj vortoj ...) * poŝt/o - boos; poŝtkarto - kaadh * pov/i - karid * pra- - “antaŭ tre longa tempo, primitiva”; origino de la mondo -(asal, bilaw)(da, weynann); tempo → '''pra'''tempo = la komenca tempo de la homaro aŭ de la mondo; (avino - ayeeyo; mocooyo; avo - awow); da': (patro); gabow: (avo); kabax: '''pra'''avo, '''pra'''avino * precip/e, - (badanka) ''La lando vivas precipe el vitkultivado''; (vino - khamri) * prefer/i - bidid; doorbidid (rab)(door)('''doorbidid, kajeclaasho'''); (rabid, doonid, jeclaasho) * preleg//i - dersid (akhrsasho, akhriyid)+(publiko - dadweyne); prelego/prelego'''j''' - duruus * pren/i - qaadasho * pres/i - daabacid (libro - kitaab) * preskaŭ - dirqi, farciddideed * pret/a - diyaar; (diyaar) ''Mi estas preta preni, rompi la lancon por la vero.'' (lanco - waran, ciise) * preter - tagey, dhaafay, (dhammaad, tagey) (Li pasis '''preter''' mi - wuu i dhaafay) * prezent/i - deeqid, bandhigid, yaboohid; barid, sooqadimid, * prezid/i, - (fal)(salaan) (madaxtooyo); (prezidanto - madaxwyne, madaxweyne, guddoomiye); prezid'''e'''nto - madaxa dawladda; (Francujo, Francio - [[Faransiis]]; Germanujo, Germanio - [[Jarmal]], Usono [[Mareykan]]: prezid'''e'''nto) * prez/o - qiimo, sicir * pri - kor, dul (Prepozicio - meeleeye)''Li parolas pri leono. La temo de la prelego estas leono.'' (leono - [[Libaax]]) * princip/o - weedhweyno * printemp/o - gu'; (printemp'''e''' - gu'ga dhexdiisa); [[Gu]] * pro - sababtoo ah, waayo, maxaa yeelay ''(prepozicio)'' ''Ŝiaj dentoj frapadis pro malvarmo.'' (dento - ilig)dentisto - dhakhtarilko)(dentbroso - caday, buruushilko) * problem/o - mushkilo * produkt/i - soosaarid, (fal); produkt'''o''' - (fabrik'''ad'''o)(produkt'''ad'''o) - waxsoosaar; ''(nur '''produkto''' de mia fantazio)''; (fabriko - wershed) * program/o - barnaamij; ''(sistema programaro: Ilprogramoj de komputa sistemo necesaj por funkciigi aplikajn programojn; aplika programaro: Kolekto da aplikaj programoj por iu ekstera aplika tereno (kontraste al sistema programaro).)'' * proksim/a - dhaw; pli proksima (ol) - ka dhaw; plej proksima (el) - ugu dhaw * propon/i - kutalin, arrimin, soojeedin; propono - talo, arrin * propr/a - keed a, kiisa, wixiisa, gaar, khaas; (kun propraj okuli- indhihiisa;) (''Fidu propran okulon.'') (fido - kalsooni; fid/i - (ku) kalsoonaasno ) * prov/i - (tijaabin);''(provi instrumenton, maŝinon, ponton, ĉapelon); (instrumento - qalab, aalad)(ponto- kaabad);(ĉapelon- koofiyad);''''Montru al mi provon de via aktora arto.'' * publik/o - dadweyne * punkt/o - dhibic, joojis; ''(akurata - ballan ku beeg, ballan ilaalis)'' * pup/o - boomballo; [[دمية]]''la infano serĉis sian pupon'' (ludi - ciyaard) (kokino - digaagad,wadar, diyaad, dooro); (kokineto-digaag); [[Pupo (ludilo)]] * pur/a - nadiif, dhaqan === r === * radi/o - raadyo * rajt/o - gar,xag, qaanuun * rakont/i - kasheekayn, werin; rakonti historion - sheeko kasheekayn; rakont'''o''' - sheeko, sheekoxariiro * rapid/a - dhakhso, degded * raport/i - warbixin; (kawarramid); (raportisto - wariye; raporto - warar) * re- - haddana, mar kale; ĉiufoje (relegi) - (haddana oo haddana akhrisasho, akhriyid); saluti → '''re'''saluti = respondi saluton per saluto; diri → '''re'''diri = diri denove la saman aferon; * redakt/i - (qorid) ( gazeto - wargeys) ''(redakti artikolon, raporton, cirkuleron, leteron)'' (avizo, komunikaĵo; mesaĝo - dhambaal)(leter / o - dhambaal, warqad) (cirkulero - wareegto); (raporto - warar); * region/o, - deegaabn, gobol; (sabab); * regul/o - xeer; ([[Xisaab]]) regelmässig - joogto * reklam/o - iidheh; (xidhiidh dadweyne) * rekt/a - toos; (rekta linio - xariiq toosan; iru rekte! - toos u soco!) * renkont/i - kulmid; ''(mi renkontis lin hejme - gurigaan kula kulmay isaga)'' * respond/i - jawaabid; respondo - jawaab * rest//i - joogid, oolid * ret/o - shabaq, shebeg; '''La''' interreto - [[Internet]]; komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]];''(Por la fakuloj „la Interreto“ estas unu speciala el multaj interretoj;)'' * ricev/i - helid, qaadasho * riĉ/a - hodan; (riĉo - hodanimo; riĉ'''ec'''o - hodanimo) * rid//i - qoslid; (rid'''et'''i - ilkocaddayn)(fal); (rid'''et'''/'''o''') (magac); (rid'''ind'''a - ruwaayad, wax lagu qoslo) * rigard/i - eegid, fiirin (vid/i - arkid) * rilat/i - (fal): (mi ne povas kompreni kiel via konkludo rilatas kun viaj premisoj.) (rilato - xidhiidh); ([[Xisaab]]); (rilatoj - xiriir); (relatoj - cilaaqaad); (premiso: kondiĉo, bazo)(maksimo, principo - weedhweyno) * rimark/i - dareemid, fiirsasho * river/o - [[webi]] * romp/i - jabid, jebin; ''(rompi brako'''n''' - gacan ka jabid; rompi sian vorton - eray jebin, eray burin)'' === s === * sabat / o - [[Sabti]] * saĝ/a - xikmad, caqli; (saĝo - xikmad; saĝ'''ec'''o - xikmad);(intelekto, menso, racio - caqli) * salon/o - (manĝosalono - qolcuno, qolcunitaan); (salono, eleganta ĉambro); (qaabilid, qabasho, helid)(marti); (legosalono - kutuble, kutubhaye);(libro - kitaab, buug) * salut / i - bariidin, salaamid * sam/a -qodh(ayda), naf(tayda); ''(de sama koloro, de sama valoro)''; (kolor/o - midab); (valor/o - qiimo, qaayo) * san/a - caafimad, bedqab, fayow, esti sana caafimaad qabid, bedqabid, saniĝi - caafimaadid, raysasho, bugsasho; sanigi - bogsiin, bogsasho; sano - cafimaad; (la sana homa menso - caqli fayow; ''(sana menso en sana korpo)''; * sat/a - (tilmaame); esti sata - dhergid, fulid; ("sata malsatan ne povas kompreni" - sata homo ne povas kompreni malsatan homon) L. L. Zamenhof; C. Rogister ed.: Proverbaro esperanta, Stafeto, La Laguna, 1974 ISBN 400-7609-6 * scienc/o - [[aqoon]], [[cilmi]]; sciencisto - [[aqoonle]], [[cilmiyahan]] * sci/i - aqoonid, garasho, ogaaasho; scio - aqoon, garasho; (mi volas scii; mi deziras scii - waxaan rabaa inaan aqoodo;) * se - marka * sed - laakiine(se) * seĝ / o - kursi * sekv/i - raacid; sekve - natiijo, go'aan; * semajn/o - toddobaad; semajnfino - toddobaadka dabayaaqadiisa; (labortago - maalin toddobaadka ka mid ah); (laboro - shaqo, hawl, waxqabasho); (tag/o - maalin); * sen - la'aan, bilaa * senc / o - dareen, macne * send/i - dirid; sendi per poŝto - [[boos]] ku dirid * sent / i - dareemid * sep - toddoba (7) * septembr / o - Seteembar [[Sebteembar]] * serĉ/i - baadhid, raadin, (doon)doonid; * seri/o - saf, taxane; (televidserio, filmserio)(filmo - filim);(matematiko - [[Xisaab]]) * serv/i - adeegid * ses - lix (6) * si - naftiis, iskiis; (magac-uyaal); (Elizabeto lavas '''sin''' en la lago); (a sama persono kiel la subjekto, se tiu ne estas mi, ni aŭ vi (aŭ ci)) * sid//i - fadhiisasho * signif/i - macnaysanaasho; signifa - macne, muhiim; sifnifo - macne, muhiim; * simil/a - eki, iskumid * simpl/a - sahlan, fudud, jilicsan * simul/i - (li '''ŝainas''' esti malsana - wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu bukaan yahay); simul'''il'''o - (dayuurad, aalad, dersi, aqoon); komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]] * sinjor/o - mudane; sinjoroj! - mudanayaal! sinjoro (..)! mudaane (..); sinjoro doktoro (s-ro doktoro) - mudane dhakhtar); s-ro (..); sinjor'''in'''o (s-ino) - naag, afo; sinjorino (..) - afada (..); mia edzino - afadayda, xaaskayga; fraŭlino - gashaanti, gabadh; fraŭlino (..) - gashanantida (..); * sistem/o - hab; (nervosistemo, nervsistemo, nerva sistemo, nervo - dareeme); komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]] * situaci/o - xaalad; ''(komika situacio),(komika - maad)'' * skatol/o - baakidh, qardaas, sanduuq; nigra skatolo: (nigra - madaw), (aeroplano, aviadilo, avio - dayuurad),(akcidento - shil); (flugo - duulliin, duulitaan), (aerodromo - gegidayuurad, garoondayuurad); (alo, flugilo, (ŝvebilo) - baalal, baadad, biyaano) * skrib / i- qorid * sol/a - keli, mid * somer/o - xaggaa [[Xagaa]] * son//i - (fal); sono - cod, midab; sonbendo rikoodh; surbendigi - rikoodh ku qabasho; (surbendigilo - aaladda rikoodhka); (magnetofono - aaladda rikoodhka);(brua, laŭta - kor, sare); (mallaŭta - hoos) * special/a - khaas; eksperto, specialisto, specialisto'''j''' - khubaro; (specialiĝo - takhasus) * spec/o - nooc, dariiq, si; (iu speco da bestoj); (speci/o: „La origino de specioj“ (verko pri biologio de Ĉ. Darvino)) * spert/a - waayo'arkid, usoojoogid; sperto - waayo'aragnimo; (li havas granda'''n''' sperto'''n''' en sia fako - waayo'aragtinimo weyn buu u leeyahay shaqadiisa) * sport/o - ciyaar(o); sport/i - ciyaaro samayn; Sportisto - ciyartow * staci/o - joogsibas, joogsitareen * star // i - taagnaasho, joogid, istaagid * strat / o - waddo, jid * stud / i - dersid, jaamacad (studento - arday) * stult/a - adhlax, maansuukh, dhaandahaan; (stultulo - maansuukh, dhaandhaan ) * sub - hoos, daaf * sud/o - konfuur; [[Koonfur]] * sufiĉ/a - (kufilan), sufiĉe - kufilan; (fal): sufiĉ/i - kufilaaasho, tio sufiĉas (por ni) - intaasi kufilan (..); ''(tiu sumo ne sufiĉas;)'' * sukces//i - guulaysasho; sukceso - guul; ''(liaj verkoj havis, akiris, ricevis, ĝuis, atingis entuziasman sukceson;)'' * suk/o - fuuq * sun/o - cadceed, ([[Qorax]]); (stelo - xiddig, [[Xidig]])(stelfiguro - sumadxiddig, xiddig) * super - kor, dul * supoz/i - malayn, moodid, dasooqaadid;(supozeble - kasooqaad); ''(mi supozas, ke li baldaŭ alvenos;)'' * supr/'''e''' - kor, sare; supr'''a''' - sare, kor; ("xag + n": ''(mi staris supr'''e''' sur la monto kaj rigardis malsupr'''en'''))'' * sur - guud, kor === ŝ === * ŝaf/o - [[ido]] * ŝajn//i - (eg);(ifid), (muuqasho) (li '''ŝainas''' esti malsana - wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu bukaan yahay) * ŝanĝ/i - bedelid, doorin, sarifid; sanĝi monon (ĉe banko) - lacag sarifid (..); ''(la vento ŝanĝis sian direkton)'' * ŝat/i - rabid, doonid, jeclaasho; mi ŝatas (volonte) .. - waxxan rabaaa (aad)... * ŝi - iyada; ''(ina persono; ununombra virina pronomo de tria persono)'' * ŝip/o - [[markab]] * ŝir/i - dillaacin, jeexid * ŝtat/o - dawlaad (presid'''e'''nto - madaxa '''dawladda''')- (presid'''a'''nto - madaxweyne, guddoomiye) === t === * tabl/o - [[miis]] * tag/o - maalin [[Maalin]] * tamen - haddana, hase yeeshee/ahaatte; * task / o - hawl, shaqo * teatr/o - [[golemadadaale]] * tekst/o - (skribi vortojn); ''(Vorta konsisto de dokumento, ordinare de skribaĵo;)'' (kelmed, kelmad, erey, eray, hadal, khudbad, oroh, qowl); ''(gazeto - [[wargeys]]; libro - [[kitaab]], [[buug]]); (gazetoteksto, libroteksto)''(skribo - qoritaan, qoraal, skribisto, verkisto - qoraa; skriba - qoraal ahaan;) * telefon/o - telifoon (-i telifoonin) (telefonlibro - buugtelifoon) (poŝtelefono) * teler/o - saxan * televid/o - [[telifishan]], gogaanarag (televid/i telifishan daawasho)(televidilo - telifishan) * tem/o - arrin, ammuur, amuur''(Tio, pri kio oni parolas, skribas, verkas, pensas;)'' * temp/o - wakhti,(waqti); milay, goor; kol, beri, samaan, wakhti, jeer, kal, moog, mar, muddo, had; tempo, epoko - xilli; tempo, epoko - sabaan; tempo, epoko, okazo, ŝanco - waa; tempo,okazo, ŝanco - moogaan; tempo, okazo, ŝanco - milay; tempo, epoko, periodo - semen; tempo, epoko, periodo - seben; * ten/i - qabasho, joogsasho, hayn, (fari paroladon - hadal qabasho) ''(li faris du paroladojn en la komerca ĉambro);'' * ter/o - dhul; ([[Dhul]]) * terur/o - cabsi, baqdin, argagax; (tilmaame '''-a'''; falkaab '''-e''') horor'''a''', terur'''a''', terur'''e''' - cabsi leh, baqdin leh; * tia - taas/kaas, oo kale; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-a eco - tayo, sifo) * tial - sidaas (awgeed) darteed; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * tiam - haddana, dabadeedna, markaana; ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame)+ (-am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * tie - halkaa, meeshaa (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * tiel - (sidaa); (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si); (li estas tiel granda, kiel vi -dhererkaaguu leeyahay, isku dherer baa tihiin) * ties, - (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-es posedanto - hanti, maal)(magac-uyaal lahaansho); ''"kies panon oni manĝas, ties vorton oni parolas"'' * tim/i - cabsasho, baqasho; timo - cabsi, baqdin; (terura, terure, timinda - cabsi, baqdin); * tio - kaa, midkaa; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)); ''tio estas tre facila;'' * tiom - isla markaaba, iyo kale, (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) ''(kiom da kapoj, tiom da opinioj)'' * tiu - kan, kaa; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)); ''(tiu estas mia amiko;)'' * tra - dhex, gudub * traduk/i - turjumid; traduko, tradukado, tradukaĵo - turjun; ''(li tradukis la frazon el la somala lingvo en la germana - weedh af Soomali ah ayuu Jarmal ku turjumey;)'' * trakt/i -(fal); traktado - waanwaan; ''(trakti kun la venk'''int'''o pri la paco);'' (venko - guul) * tranĉ/i - jarid, gooyn, (kudristo, tajloro - dawaarle, harqaanle); (tranĉi drapon;)(drapo - masar, maro);(''krioj tranĉis aeron, la noktan silenton;)'' * trans - (kor, dul); ''(la popoloj loĝantaj trans la maro;)'' * tre - add; (tre granda homo; tre rapide iri; tre laŭte paroli; tre multe da akvo;) * tri - saddex (3) * trink/i - cabbid, dhamid * tro - waxbadan; ''(tro ami ludon; tro da pano;)'' * trov/i - helid * tuj - markiiba, haddiiba * turn/i - duubid, wareejin; ''(turni ŝlosilon en la seruro;)'' * tut / a - gebi, dhan, idil === u === * u - foriĝ'''u'''! - dhuumo!, baxso! isqari!(amar, farniin);(labor'''u''' = la ago “labori” estas dezirata, petata, ordonata aŭ celata) * -Uj, (mono - lacag)(sako - kiish, jawaan) mono → mon'''uj'''o = sak'''et'''o por porti monon; teo - shaah, caleenshaah, teo → te'''uj'''o; * -Ul - (ul/o - qof) (persono - qof) fremda → fremd'''ul'''o; (qof)sisheeye, (qof)qalaad; bono, bonulo,(wanaagsan) (ulo - qof) * -Um, (kovri - doboolid, dedid; sapo - saabuun); sapo → sapumi = kovri per sapo (= sapi); ''(folio → foliumi = turni la foliojn de libro por legi)'' * universal/a - caalami * universitat/o - [[jaamacad]]; (dugsi); (studento - arday; stud'''ad'''o, studio, studo - wasbarsho, aqoonkorodhsi; studi - dersid, jaamacad tagid; doktoro - dhakhtar) * unu - kow * urb/o - [[magaalo]], bender * us. ''(Se mi est'''us''' riĉa, mi ne labor'''us'''.)''(labor'''us''' = la ago “labori” estas imagata)''(Se mi estus sana, mi estus feliĉa.)'' * util/a - dheef leh, waxtarbadan; utili - faa'i i dayn, waxtarid; profito, utilo - faa'iido, dheef, waxtar; * uz/i - isticmaalid, kutagrifalid ''(uzi multe da salo)'' === v === * vagon/o - baabuur, gaadhi * valor/o - qiimo, qaayo * varm/a diiran, dugsoon * ve - ve!, ve! (lament/i, plend/i - (ka)dacwoodid); (plendo, lamento - dacwad); ''ve al ni, ni estas ruinigitaj'' * vend/i - iibin, gadid; vendisto - iibiye, gade * vendred/o - Jimce [[Jimco]] * ven//i - imasho; ''(malamiko venis en nian landon);'' (malamiko - cadaw) * venk/i (fal), venko - guul; * verk/i - shaqayn, falid, bogasho; ''verki libron, operon, raporton;''(libro - kitaab) * ver/o - run (ver/a - run, dhab) * vesper/o - fiid; Bonan vesperon! - fiid wanaagsan!(vespermanĝo - casho); vespere - fiidkii; * vest/o - lebis, hu, gashad; (robo - lebis, toob); (kapvesto/ĉapelo - koofi(yad)) * veter/o - [[cimilo]] * vetur//i - safrid, dhoofid, boqoolid * vi - adigaa; vi - idinka; via - kaaga/taaga; via - kiin/tiina * viand/o - hilib, jidh, cad; buĉisto - hilible; buĉ/i - (fal), ''(virina lango buĉas sen sango)'' * vid/i - arkid (rigard/i - eegid, fiirin)) * vilaĝ / o - tuulo * vintr/o - jiilaal [[Jiilaal]] * vir/o - nin, xaas; vira - lab; virino - naag, afo; (Ino - naag, afo); virina - dhaddig; femala - dhaddig; ina - dhaddig; * viv // i - noolasho * vizit/i - booqasho, siyaarasho; vizito - booqasho, marti, siyaaro; viziti la teatron - golaha madadaalada booqasho * vojaĝ // i - safrid, boqoolid (vojaĝ / o safr, boqool) (bona vojaĝo - safar wanaagsan!) * voj / o - waddo, jid * vol / i - rabid, doonid * vort / o - eray, (erey) === z === * zorg /// i - daryeelid, dhawrid (zorg /o - werwer, walaac, daryeel) ------------------- (Elŝutita el "http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 {{Wayback|url=http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 |date=20110514095728 }}" Laste redaktita je 09:24, 27. Jun 2010.) == Il - ''Fonto'' (Jarmal) == * [http://www.esperanto.de/gej/elshutoj/soleichtschwarz2_UM.pdf '''Il''' ''- (Fonto: © DEJ 12-2001; kaj © H.J.) folio en germana lingvo: SO LEICHT IST ESPERANTO ! DEJ'' www.esperanto.de] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto.de/gej/elshutoj/soleichtschwarz2_UM.pdf |date=20100714125857 }} == ''Esperanto-afriko.org'' / Waxbarasho == * [http://esperanto-afriko.webs.com/kursojcourscourses.htm ''(Helpo'': '''www. esperanto-afriko.org.'''''(kurso en araba lingvo)''] {{Wayback|url=http://esperanto-afriko.webs.com/kursojcourscourses.htm |date=20110722011930 }} == Waxbarasho == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php a,b,c - (ilmo) (= '''waxbarasho''') 30 afaf qalaad '' kursoj 30 lingvoj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} * [http://ar.lernu.net waxbarasho - kurso en araba lingvo] {{Wayback|url=http://ar.lernu.net/ |date=20080207113108 }} لِرنو: موقع تعليمي لإسبرانتو == Qaamuus Soomaali-Ingiriis-Jarmal == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_153&products_id=2157&osCsid=v5epgkn1nf7bgr9fsm66a3aibe6ske87 ''Vortaro germana - somala somala - angla - germana, 302 paghoj, 4-a eldonejo 2009; Mohammed Ali Farah / Dietmar Heck Somali Wörterbuch Deutsch-Somali / Somali-Englisch-Deutsch'' '''Qaamuus Jarmal-Soomali Qaamuus Soomaali-Ingiriis-Jarmal Mohammed Ali Farrah; Dietmar Heck''' © ''Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 1990/2009 (jaro 1990:'' ISBN 3-87118-939-1 ''jaro 2009:'' ISBN 978-3-87548-055-9. (www.buske.de)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_153&products_id=2157&osCsid=v5epgkn1nf7bgr9fsm66a3aibe6ske87 |date=20110812034711 }} == Qaamuus ''ttt / www'' == * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf qaamuus Af-esperanto - Af-soomali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf |date=20120419195944 }} * [http://www.reocities.com/lilandr/lingvoj/somala/eo-so01.html Liland Brajant ROS’ - '''Qaamuuska Af-Soomaali- Af-Esiperaanto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.reocities.com/lilandr/lingvoj/somala/eo-so01.html |date=20131006213342 }}''' * [http://www.reta-vortaro.de ttt - www - Qaamuus/''vortaro'' : www. reta-vortaro.de] * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php a, b, c, lernu.net ''(“Pri la Fundamento“) bildvortaro, vortaro (30 lingvoj)''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php qaamuus - ''bildvortaro''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php |date=20120128111830 }} * [http://www.markacadey.net/dictionary-index.htm Qaamuus Somali - Ingriis / Dictionary English - Somali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.markacadey.net/dictionary-index.htm |date=20100830095940 }} == Qaamuus Esperanto-Jarmal == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2283&osCsid=2c4mu7ujmvq6a1s29brgn4djcu2rbmto Qaamuus]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} vortaro: Krause Esperanto- Deutsch (Jarmal), © Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 1999 ISBN 3-87548-193-3 www.buske.de == Qaamuus Jarmal-Esperanto == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2785&osCsid=psbk841q86qi1lft4lp8lmqmvjam5on1 '''Qaamuus'''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2785&osCsid=psbk841q86qi1lft4lp8lmqmvjam5on1 |date=20110819212739 }},''vortaro Krause Deutsch'' (Jarmal)-''Esperanto'' © Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 2007 ISBN 978-3-87548-466-3 www.buske.de == Waxbarasho "Pri la fundamento" == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/fundamento/reguloj/regulo0.php (“''Pri la Fundamento''“)] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/fundamento/reguloj/regulo0.php |date=20100627175745 }} quaamuus-sawir ''bildvortaro'', qaamuus vortaro, 30 afaf qalaad ''(30 lingvoj)'' www.lernu.net * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/index.html ''FUNDAMENTO DE ESPERANTO Antaŭparolo; Gramatiko: GRAMMAIRE (Gramatiko Franca); GRAMMAR ( — Angla); GRAMMATIK ( — Germana); ГРАММАТИКА ( — Rusa); GRAMATYKA ( — Pola);Ekzercaro, Universala Vortaro''] == Waxbarasho "ilmo" / ''infanoj'' == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php '''ilmo''' / ''infanoj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} www.lernu.net ''porinfanaj kursoj'' == Qaamuus-sawir ''bildvortaro de lernu.net'' == * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/66.php (bahalo) /'' mamuloj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/66.php |date=20120210065544 }} www.lernu.net == Qaamuus "kontakto-Vortlisto" 884/414 == * [http://de.lernu.net/grafikajhoj/biblioteko/gazetoj/facila_vortolisto.pdf qaamuus 884/414 eray] {{Wayback|url=http://de.lernu.net/grafikajhoj/biblioteko/gazetoj/facila_vortolisto.pdf |date=20110831222027 }} ''Vortlisto “facile / tre facile” 2006 © Kontakto (884 / 414 vortoj) '' == Qaamuus "Juna amiko" == * [http://de.lernu.net/biblioteko/gazetoj/juna_amiko/vortlisto.php Vortlisto "''Juna amiko''"] {{Wayback|url=http://de.lernu.net/biblioteko/gazetoj/juna_amiko/vortlisto.php |date=20110216015653 }} == Qaamuus Kompaktdisko KD - CD == * [http://www.books.ch/shop/action/productDetails/5818776/esperanto_kauderwelsch_aussprachetrainer_cd_3831762201.html;jsessionid=8651180039E34FA12DD9C21F1EF97872.www03?aUrl=90007790]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''KD Kompaktdisko / CD (ad volumo 56) Esperanto Dahmann / Pusch Eldonejo Peter Rump GmbH D-33649 Bielefeld Reise Know-How Rump GmbH September 2006 - Audio-CD'' ISBN 3831762201 EAN: 9783831762200 (www.books.ch) == Qaamuus akademio-de-esperanto == * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/akademia_vortaro/index.html?tt=1279022574 quaamuus] miis = ''tablo'' '''tabl'''/ tabl/o www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/ == Naxwaha - kitaab - ''Gramatiko-tabelo kaj libroj'' == * [http://www.svisa-esperanto-societo.ch/de/grammatik.html (''gramatika tabelo esperanto'' - jarmal)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.svisa-esperanto-societo.ch/de/grammatik.html |date=20120525120041 }} * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2780&osCsid=1v2cqju6nuqvj1ulh0mfc9k8mu6tncce Dirk Willkommen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2780&osCsid=1v2cqju6nuqvj1ulh0mfc9k8mu6tncce |date=20110819212650 }} (jarmal) ''(Esperanto-grammatika-libro) ''Dirk Willkommen Esperanto-Grammatik Eine Lerner- und Referenzgrammatik 2a eldonejo 2007. XIV, 132 paghoj.'' EAN: 978-3-87548-475-5. [http://www.buske.de/index.php?cPath=1_113&osCsid=937vtpqqpqjgoks38bemm7r9bpnm3o4o&content=recherche] (www.buske.de)'' * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/terminoj.php ''gramatiko''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/terminoj.php |date=20100714181519 }} (www.lernu.net) * [http://www.bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html detala gramatiko PMEG, '''naxwaha PMEG'''] == waxbarasho jarmal - soomaali == * [http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?ISBN=3-89645-571-0 ''Catherin Griefenow-Mewis Lehrbuch des Somali, Köln 2004] {{Wayback|url=http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?ISBN=3-89645-571-0 |date=20060113013930 }} '''jarmal''' ISBN 978-3-89645-571-0 ''Lehrbuch des Somali'', ''Eine praktische Einführung'' ''Reihe: Afrikawissenschaftliche Lehrbücher Band 16'', ''2004 350 Seiten'', ''zahlreiche Tabellen und Übersichten'' == Ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo == * [http://esperanto.cri.cn chinia esperanta retpagho = ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo] * [http://esperanto.cri.cn/621/2009/06/22/1s97661.htm pri Somalio] {{Wayback|url=http://esperanto.cri.cn/621/2009/06/22/1s97661.htm |date=20110902003651 }} == Wikimedia == * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto?uselang=soomaaliga commons.wikimedia] [[Category:Esperanto]] [[Category:Afbarasho]] [[Category:Afshisheeye]] oq37e70bjsljajbeg1ylh3t3bfzohaz 306075 306065 2026-08-28T02:40:38Z Soalt 39618 catergory afafka ku badhalley category afshiisheeye 306075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Esberanto]] waa luqadda ugu caansan ee la dhisay. Esberanto waxay abuurtay luqadda si ay u fududayso xidhiidhka caalamiga ah. Ujeeddadiisu waxay ahayd inuu Esberanto u qaabeeyo qaab ay dadku u baran karaan si ka sahlan luqadaha kale ee qaranka. =Baro luqadda esberanto= ==Waxbarasho== ''Internacia Lingvo Kurso - somala lingvo'' ''(Helpo: www. esperanto-afriko. org. (kurso en araba lingvo); www. lernu.net kursoj'' (= waxbarasho) ''wwww. esperanto.de (© traduko en somala lingvo: H. J.)'' [[File:Jubilea_simbolo.svg|thumb|Jubilea simbolo]] [[File:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg|thumb|flago de Esperanto]] ''La internacia lingvo - ESPERANTO estas lingvo facila.'' == Alifba’da soomaaaliga == ''somala araba alfabeto'' ('''=alifba’da soomaaaliga'''): ‘, B, T, J, X, KH, D,R, S, SH, DH, C, G, F, Q, K, L, M, N, W, H, Y, A, E, I, O, U,) == Alifba’da ''"internacia lingvo"'' - ESPERANTO == -, B, T, J, - , -, D, R, S, - , - , C, G, F, - , K, L, M, N, - , H, - , A, E, I, O, U, Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ Ĉ = (TSH) Ĉilio, G = (J) germanio, germanujo (=Jarmal) , Ĥ = (KH) Ĥemio (=Kiimika, kimistari), J = (i) Junio (=Yunyo); Julio (=Yulyo); J = Jordanio (i), Ĵ = ĵurnalo (=wargeys); Ŝ = (SH) ŝipo (= markab); Ŭ = aŭto (= baabúur) == Alifba’da ESPERANTO == (dhihid: 34 Waxbarasho "ilmo" / infanoj) ''Prononoco kaj alfabeto'': “Afr'''i'''ko”, "hot'''e'''lo", "am'''i'''ko", "kontin'''e'''nto". [[File:Alfabeto de Esperanto.png|thumb| ESPERANTO - Alfabeto de Esperanto]] [[File:Signuno_abc.gif|thumb| Alfabeto de Esperanto]] Alifba’da ESPERANTO - ''ALFABETO'' Aa, Bb, Cc, '''Ĉĉ''', Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, '''Ĝĝ''', Hh, '''Ĥĥ''', Ii, Jj, '''Ĵĵ''', Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, '''Ŝŝ''', Tt, Uu, '''Ŭŭ,''' Vv, Zz. Nomoj de la literoj: a, bo, co, '''ĉo''', do, e, fo, go, '''ĝo''', ho, '''ĥo''', i, jo, '''ĵo''', ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, '''ŝo''', to, u,''' ŭo''', vo, zo. Ekzemploj: c = : cigaro (=sigaar), princo (ingiriis: prince) s = : kiso (=dhunkasho) v = : varma (=diiran) z = : rozo (ubax) * '''Ĉĉ, Ĝĝ, Ĥĥ, Ĵĵ, Ŝŝ, Ŭŭ''' * Ĉ = Ĉado (= “Cado-“dhul) * ĝ = ĝangalo (kayn, juq, hawd) * ĥ = jaĥto; (markab) * ĵ = ĵurnalo (wargeys) * ŝ = ŝipo (markab) * ŭ = aŭtobuso (koryeeri, bas) (Vikipedio cx= ĉ, gx= ĝ, hx= ĥ, jx= ĵ, sx= ŝ, ux= ŭ) dhambaal: * ĉ (cx), ama '''ch''', * ĝ , (gx) ama '''gh''', * ĥ (hx) ama '''hh''', * ĵ (jx) ama ,'''jh''', * ŝ (sx) ama '''sh''' * ŭ (ux) ama '''u''' ''Ekzemplo : chinia esperanta retpagho = ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo'' == Naxwe ''Gramatiko'': Qodob == '''la''' (= ''artikolo'' / qodob ) * '''''la tablo''''' - miis * ''tablo'' - (= 1 ''tablo'' / = 1 miis ) == Magac == (''Substantivo'' / magac) '''-o''' dom'''o''' (=guri) (''dom / o'' ''dom-'''o''''') == Tilmaame == (''Adjektivo'' / tilmaame) '''-a''' grand'''a''' : (=weyn) grand'''a''' domo - == Wadar == (''Pluralo'' / wadar) '''-j''' : ''granda'''j''' domo'''j''''' == Falkaab == (''Adverbo''/ falkaab) '''-e'''. Eva kantas bel'''e'''. ''(adverbo)'' - Eva estas bel'''a'''. ''(adjektivo)'' (''kantas'' = heesid) (''bele/bela'' = qurux, wacan) == Layeele == (''deklinacio'') * 1. (''nominativo''): la ronda tablo - (kiu?) * 2. (''akuzativo''): la ronda'''n''' tablo'''n''' (kiu'''n''' ?) (=layeele) * de la ronda tablo (miis) * al la ronda tablo (''ronda'' = wareeg, kuusan) (xag, gees - ''direkto''): en la parko (jardiinio) - en la parko'''n''' >(jardiino) (tegid) '' mi iras en la parko'' / '' mir iras en la parko'''n''''' (tegid gudaha) == Magaacuyaal == * (''personaj pronominoj''): (magaacuyaal) * mi - (anigaa) ------------------- ni (anaka) * vi - (adigaa) ------------------- vi (idinka) * li - (persono) (isaga) --------- ili (pluralo) (iyaga) * ŝi - (persono) (iyada) --------- oni (dad, iyaga, adiga, anaka) * ĝi - (objekto, ideo) (isaga)----- si (qodhidiis,naftiisa, qodhideed) == magac-uyaal lahaansho - ''posedaj pronomoj'' == ''posedaj pronomoj'' + '''-a''': (magac-uyaal lahaansho) mi'''a''' - vi'''a''' - li'''a''' - ... * mi'''a''' amiko (saaxhiib), * vi'''a''' hundo (=ey), * li'''a''' hundo == (magac) - ''deklinacio'' == * (''deklinacio''): * mi (1. ''nominativo''), * de mi, * al mi , * min (2. ''akuzativo''),. == isbarbardhigid - ''Komparado'' == * (''Komperativo'') '''pli''' * (Superlativo) '''plej''' : * forta * pli forta ('''ol''') * plej forta ('''el''') * ''forta'' xoog - * ''pli forta (ol)'' - ka xoogan - * ''plej forta (el)'' - ugu xoogan == Fal; jooge == ''Konjugado'' - ''Verbo'' / fal ''Prezenco'' / jooge: ''' - as''' mi am'''as''' vin , vi am'''as''' vin, li am'''as''' vin (jeclaysasho) ('''vin'''=layeele) == Fal; tege == ''Preterito''/ tege '''-is''': mi am'''is''' vin, vi amis vin, li amis vin ('''vin'''=layeele) == Fal; soosocde == ''Futuro'' / soosocde '''-os''': mi am'''os''' vin, vi amos vin, li amos vin (vin=layeele) == Fal;(''kondicionalo'') == ''Kondicionalo'' '''-us''' mi am'''us''' vin (vin=layeele) == Fal;(''imperativo'') == ''Imperativo'' '''-u''' am'''u''' min! diru! - (dheh , dhah) == Fal; (''Infinitivo'') == ''Infinitivo'' '''-i''': Mi volas lern'''i''' '''la internacian lingvon''' = Mi volas lern'''i''' '''Esperanton''' ('''-n''' =layeele) * Tobio estas hundo. (ey) * Marko karesas hundo'''n'''. (salaaxid) (hundo'''n'''=layeele) * Marko estas amiko de Maria. (saaxiib) * Maria salutas amiko'''n''' kaj vidas hundo'''n'''. (bariidin /arkid) (amiko'''n'''=layeele) == Weyddiin / ''demanda frazo'' == ''Demanda frazo'': ''' Ĉu ?''' * Ĉu vi komprenas min? Jes, mi komprenas vin. * Ne, mi ne komprenas vi'''n'''. (fahmid, kasid) * Ĉu vi komprenas vorto'''n'''? (vorton=layeele) * Mi ne komprenas vorto'''n''' = eraygaa ma fahmin * Vorto'''n''' ne komprenas mi = eraygaa ma fahmin * Vorto'''n''' mi ne komprenas = eraygaa ma fahmin == Tabelo de korelativaj vortoj == === Silabo i === * '''"i";''' (meelahaas) === Antaŭsilaboj === * k+'''i'''+... ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin * t+'''i'''+... ti- indikvorto - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame) * '''i-''' (meelahaas) * ĉ+'''i'''+ ... ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan) * ne+n + '''i'''- neni- ("maya") * '''Antaŭsilabo''' - '''Mallonga klarigo''' (-qeexniin, sharax) * ki- kio - maxaa/maxay; kiu - kuma demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin * ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame) * i- iu - cid, qof * ĉi- ĉiu - midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba * neni- neniu - qofnaba, cidnaba * (5 x 9 = 45 korelativaj vortoj - tabelvortoj): === Postsilaboj === '''Postsilabo''' - '''Mallonga klarigo'''(-qeexniin, sharax) * -o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas) * -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) * -a eco - tayo, sifo * -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si * -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob * -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor * -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) * -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * -es posedanto - hanti, maal === 45 korelativaj vortoj - tabelvortoj: === * kio - tio - io - ĉio - nenio - * kiu - tiu - iu - ĉiu - neniu - * kia - tia - ia - ĉia - nenia - * kiel - tiel - iel - ĉiel - neniel - * kie - tie - ie - ĉie - nenie - * kiam - tiam - iam - ĉiam - neniam - * kiom - tiom - iom - ĉiom - neniom - * kial - tial - ial - ĉial - nenial - * kies - ties - ies - ĉies - nenies - == Tirooyinka caadiga ah == ''Nombro, Nombrado, arabo cifero'' (= tiro) , ''araboj ciferoj'' (Tirooyinka caadiga ah) * nul 0 * unu 1 --- ses 6 --- dek unu 11 --- cent 100 * du 2 --- sep 7 --- dekdu 12 --- ducent 200 * tri 3 --- ok 8 --- dudek 20 --- mil 1000 * kvar 4 --- nau 9 --- dudek unu 21 --- du mil 2000 * kvin 5 --- dek 10 --- tridek 30 --- du mil unu 2001 * "miliono" 1'000’000 ''roma cifero'': I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X C M "Bonan nokton!" (habeen wanaagsan!) == Tirooyinka habaysan == ''kardinalaj numbroj'' '''-a''': (Tirooyinka habaysan) unu'''a''': 1. (kowaad) du'''a''': 2. (labaad) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- == Iskudarid == * hore: * ek- iri / ekiri (tegid / soco! tegid) * mal- ''rapida / malrapida'' - (dhakhso / aadyar ) (=cagis, lid) ''hela / malhela'' ( furan /mugddi) * mis- kompreni / miskompreni - (fahmid / khalad-fahmid) * re- vidi / revidi - (arkid / dib u arkid) * vir- bovo (lo’) / virbovo (lo’{lab} / (bov'''in'''o - lo’{dhegid} ) == dabadeed == * -ar - arbo / arbaro geed / kayn,yuq, hawd * -aĉ - hundo / hundaco ey / ey >xun <qiimo * -ebl- legi - legebla- akhrisasho />suurtogal * -et- ŝnuro / ŝnureto xadhig / >qaroyar * -eg- ŝnuro / ŝnurego xadhig / >buuran * -ej- lerni / lernejo (baran, barasho /dugsi) * -ig- pura / purigi (nadiif / nadiifin) * -iĝ- blinda / blindigi (indhoole / indhoole > noqosho) * -il- skribi / skribilo - (qorid / qalinqori (makiinadqorid) * -in- bovo / bovino / (virbovo) (lo’) / (bovino - lo’{dhegid} ) virbovo (lo’{lab} ) * -ind- vidi / vidinda arkid / arkid (qaayo/qiimo leh) (qiimo, qaayo) * -ist- baki / bakisto moofayn / moofaale * -ul- fremda / fremdulo (shisheeye / qofshisheeye (ulo = qof) * sana - caafimaad * malsana - bukaan * sanigi - bogsiin, bogsasho * malsanigi - duryid, >bukaan >noqosho * malsanulo - buke * masanulejo- cusbitaal * sanigilo - dawo * sanigebla - bogsiin, bogsasho >suurtogal (Waxbarasho ''Kursoj'': www.esperanto-afriko.org - www.lernu.net) == Qaamuus == === a === * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf ''Malgranda vortaro''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf |date=20120419195944 }} - '''Qaamuus internacia lingvo - Soomaali''' (© DEJ 12-2001) * aĉeti - iibin * agi - falid, shaqayn hawlgelin * ami - jeclaan * ankaŭ - kalóo * antaŭ - hortéeda * antaŭ - hortíisa * (..) ------ * [http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 ''Quaamuus'' internacia lingvo "Radikoj-685" ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 |date=20110514095728 }}: '''''[[uea Universala Esperanto Asocio]]''' '' * ''ekzemploj'': 1. ''afriko = afrik / o afrik - = (radiko) + (finaĵo) -o = afriko'' 2.''adreso = adres / o adres- = (radiko) + (finajho) - o = "adreso"'' * a - (Tilmaame /''Adjektivo'') '''-a''' grand'''a''' : (=weyn) grand'''a''' domo - * -Aĉ - (1.''abomena'') 2. raalila'aan * aĉet / i - libin * -Ad - (qaadasho, gaadhid, socosho, joogto) * adres / o - cinwaan * aer / o - havo * afer / o - kaalin, munaasabad; daas, ganacsi, shaqo; wax, arrin; * afrik / o - [[Afrika]] * ag / i - falid, shaqayn, hawlgelin; * aĝ / o - da, weynaan, gabow; * aĥ! - (alla fiicnayda); (ah!)( maya, hay dhihin); (yaab),((la)yabid); (fajacid); amakaag, yaab, amaakaag, fajac * ajn - (Jarmal: ''auch immer, auch nur, überhaupt'') (iyana, asana, ana) (marwalba, markastaba),(keliya),(guud ahaan, gebi ahaan) * -Aĵ, - (Jarmal: ''Suffix'') wax, walax, * akcept/i - (qaadasho, yeelind, moodid, kasooqaadid) * akv /o - biyo [[Biyo]] * al - (ilaa, ka)(xagga) (ku) * ali / a - ka, kale, midkale * almenaŭ - ugu yaran, ugu yaraan * alt / a - kor (pli alta - ka kore) (pley alta - ugu koraysa) * amas / o - dadweyne, wadar; urur, wadar, tiro, xaddi * ambaŭ - labadaba * amerik / o -Maraykan, Ameerikaa ([[Maraykanka assalkoodii]];[[Maraykan]],[[Mareykan]],[[Ameerika]];'''[[Ameerikada koonfureed]]''';[[Woqooyiga Ameerika]],[[Maksiko]];[[Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]]) * am / i - jeclaan * amik/o - saaxiib (amikeco - saxiibtinimo) * -An - (xubin) (an / o - xubin) * ankaŭ - kalóo * ankoraŭ - weli * anstataŭ - bedel * -Ant - juĝ'''ant''' / o juĝanto xaakin; (leg / i, - akhrisaho, akhriyid; leg'''ant''' / o) * antaŭ - hortíisa, hortéed * aparat / o - aalad * apart/a - faquuq (feraari, kalasooc) * apenaŭ - dhif (..) * aper // i - muuqasho, soobixid (apero sur la scenejo; aper(aĵ)o) * april / o - [[Abriil]] * apud - agteeda, agtíisa * -Ar - (arbo - geed; arb'''ar'''o - kayn, juq, hawd)(ŝafo - ido, ŝaf'''ar'''o - 10,12,...100 ŝafoj) * aranĝ / i - habayn (nidaam, amar) * artikol / o - qodob, qodobgarasho * art / o - [[fan]], ka; artisto - [[fanaan]]; artaĵo / belartaĵo - shaqo fanaan * as - ('''jooge''') (mi vid'''as''' - Waan arkaa; ni laŭd'''as''' - Waan amaanaynaa; li rest'''as''' - Wuu joogayaa) * asoci / o - (bulsho); (midayn); (kulan, shir)(xubin); * aspekt // i - muuqasho * at - pasiva participo; daŭrado aŭ ripetado: La letero estas skrib'''at'''a de mi. * atend / i - sugid * atent/a - wedan, isjir * ating / i - gaadhid (atingi trenon - taareen gaadhid) * aŭ - ama * aŭd / i - maqlid * aŭskult / i - dhegeysasho * aŭgust / o - [[Agoosto]] * aŭstrali/o - [[Australia]] * aŭtobus / o - koryeeri, bas; [[Bas]]; (haltejo (aŭ) stacio de aŭtobuso - joogsibas, joogsikoryeeri) * aŭtomobil / o - baabuur, [[Baabuur]] (Aŭtovojo - jidweyne);(Aŭtoisto (aŭ) veturigisto - babuurwade, darawal); (aŭt/i - baabuur wadid, baabuur kaxayn) (Aŭtoriparejo - geerashbaabuursamayn) (aŭtoasekuro - caymisbaabuur)(aŭtokuro - baabuurbaratan);(Aŭtonegocisto )(aŭ) (Aŭtokomercisto) - ganacsadebaabuur) * aŭtun/o - dayr [[Dayr]] * av / o - awow (avino - ayeeyo, mocooyo) * azi / o - [[Aasiya]] === b === * baldaŭ - hore, markiiba, degdeg * banan/o - muus; [[Muus]] * baz/o - (..); (cag,lug; dhulka aqalka)(weedhweyno) * bedaŭr / i - kaxumaasho * bel / a - qurxóon * best / o - xoolo, bahal; bahalo * bezon / i - baahasho, doonid * bibliotek / o - kutuble, kutubhaye; [[Maktabad]];[[Buug]] * bild / o - sawir; [[Mishelangelo]] * bilet/o - tigidh dhoff * bird/o - [[shimbir]]; (struto - [[Goronyo]])(aglo - [[Dafo]]) * bo- - (patro - via '''bo'''patro → la patro de via edzino / filo → via '''bo'''filo = la edzo de via filino) * bon / a - fiican, wanaagsan * botel/o - dhalo, quraarad [[Dhalo]] * bril//i - dhalaalid, wedhwedhid === c === * cel / o - ujeeddo, -ada * cent - boqol * cert /a (certa esti) - badbaadíd === ĉ === * ĉambr / o - qol * ĉar - maxaayeelay * ĉarm/a - (naxariis) ((si)saaxiib)(waad ku hagaagsan tahay) * ĉe - aktiis, xaggiisa * ĉef / a - badanka (madax,ugaas) (muhiim); (ĉefurbo - magaalo-madax, caasimad) * ĉeval/o - faras [[Faras]] * ĉi - ( ĉi-kune - wadajir) * ĉia - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba)(nooc, dariiq, si) '''(Tabelvorto)'''(ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -a eco - tayo, sifo) * ĉial - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba) (sababtee) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * ĉiam - marvalba, markastaba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * ĉie - meelwalba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * ĉiel - (idil, giddi, dhammaan) (nooc, dariiq, si) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) * ĉies - (qofwalba, cidwalba) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -es posedanto - hanti, maal) * ĉio - waxkaste,dhammaan '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * ĉiom - waxkaste, dhammaan '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) * ĉirkaŭ - meelahaas, ugu dhawaan * ĉiu - midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)) * -ĉj, - ( Karesvorto por patro (aabbe): „Patreto! Pa'''ĉj'''o!“) Patro (aabbe): (raaxo, naxariis, dareenbadan): Paĉjo! (Patreto!) * ĉu - inaan (weyddiin, su'aalid) ('''Ĉu''' vi komprenas min? — Jes, mi komprenas vin!) === d === * da - (unu kilogramo '''da''' pano) (1 litro '''da''' lakto)(peco da pano - hal rooti ah) ''(La riĉulo havas mult'''e''' '''da''' mono)'' * dank / i - mahadin * dan / o - homo de Danujo ([[Denmark]]) * daŭr//i - qaadasho, gaadhid, socosho * de - ka * decembr/o - Diiseembar [[Diseembar]] * decid/i - goosasho, go'aamin * deĵor//i - adeegid (deĵoro - shaqo, adeeg) * dek - toban (10) * dekstr / a - midig (dekstre - midig, geesta midigta) * demand/i - weyddiin, su'aalid * des - intuu, intii (je pli li laboras, des pli monon li ricevas - intuu shaqada sii badiyaba, waaa ka sii lacag badnaanayaa) * dev/i - waajibid * dezir/i - rajeyn * diabl/o - ibliis; shaydhaan; shaydhaan cas (magac) (tilmaame: diabl/a - xun) * difin/i - qeexid (sugid, garasho)(xidhid, adkayn) * dik/a - buuran, qara weyn, shilis * dimanĉ / o - [[Axad]] * direkt / o - xag, gees * dir / i - dhihid, odhaso, sheegid * dis- '''dis'''ŝiri - jeexid, dilaaacin (mi '''dis'''ŝiris la leteron kaj '''dis'''ĵetis ĝiajn pecetojn en ĉiujn angulojn de la ĉambro) (angulo - gees, koone)(peco / pec'''et'''o) * diskut/i - (qeexid,sharaxid)(odhasho, andacoobid) * do - hadaabe, sidaas * doktor/o - dhakhtar * dolĉ/a - macaan (wanaagsan, qaali) (maldolĉa - qadhaadh) * dom/o - guri, aqal * don/i - siin * dorm//i - seexasho (dormo - hurdo; dormĉambro - qolhurdo) * du - laba (2) * dum - markaas, muddadaas, gudeheeda === e === * e - Falkaab (Adverbo/ falkaab) '''-e'''. Eva kantas bel'''e'''. (adverbo); bon'''e''' manĝi (vidu PMEG) * -Ebl - ('''ebl'''a - suurtogal) (eblo - suurtogal)(manĝi → manĝ'''ebl'''a = tia, ke ĝi povas esti manĝata (cunid);(kalkul'''ebl'''a) * -Ec - Ili admiris la saĝeco) (saĝeco - xikmad) (yaabid, layaabid) * eĉ - xataa, weli (Li timas '''eĉ''' sian propran ombron) (ombro - hadh,hoos) * eduk/i - ( = fal) (magac: eduk/o - waxbarasho) * edz/o - (guur)/(nin, xaas)(mudane); (edz'''in'''o - afadayda, xaaskayga) * -Eg - (weyni, dherer) (domo - (guri,aqal): (dom'''eg'''o)(dom'''et'''o - yar, kis) (hundo, hun'''de'''go, hund'''et'''o - ey) * -Ej - (dormi - seexasho → dorm'''ej'''o = qolhurdo; (manĝoĉambro) (aŭ - ama) manĝ'''ej'''o - qolcunno, qolcunitaan; duŝi-duŝo-duŝ'''ej'''o - qobaysasho, maydhasho) * ek - (bilaabid) labori → '''ek'''labori = komenci labori * ekran/o - dhalada telefishanka (komputila ekrano) (kino - shaneemo) (kinaekrano - shaneemo) * eks- (waagii hore, goor hore, dhakso) (ministro - washiir, xoghaye qaran) (ministro → '''eks'''ministro = persono, kiu antaŭe estis ministro) * ekskurs/o - (bixitaan) * ekster - ka sokow * ekzempler/o - ( 1 ekzemplero de libro) (1 kitaab, 1 buug) * ekzempl / o - tusaale (ekzempl'''e''' - tusaale) * ekzist//i - (jirid : waan jirayaa) (Ne ekzistas fumo sen fajro.) (fumo - qiiq) (fajro - dab) (fumo ne estas sen fajro) * el - ka * elekt/i - doorasho * -Em - (farax) (inklino (labor: labor'''em'''a,) (manĝi: manĝ'''em'''a) (timi - tim'''em'''a) * en - gudaha * -End, (pagi → pag'''end'''a = tia ke ĝi devas esti pagata, tia ke oni pagu ĝin) (xisaabta bixi, maandhe!) * -Er, (sablo - ciid, caroo) sablo → sabl'''er'''o = ("1") grajno de sablo ("1" arabikhi, "1" ciid, "1" caroo) * esper / i - rajeyn * est//i - ahaan (fal) (mi estas somalo - Waxaan ahay Soomaali) * estr - ('''estr'''o - agaasime) (bank'''estr'''o - bangi-agaasime) (eskal/o - salaan) * -Et, (yar, kis)(dom'''et'''o); (weyni, dherer) (domo - dom'''eg'''o) * eŭrop/o - [[Yurub]] * eventual / a - (suurtogal)(laga yaabaa) * evolu//i - horumarid === f === * facil/a - fudud, sahlan, jilicsan * fak/o - maadad * fakt/o - xaqiiqo, run, dhab * fal//i - ridid, dhicin * famili / o - xaas * far/i - falid, samayn * februar / o - Fabraayo [[Febraayo]] * feliĉ/a - nasiiblow, faraxsan * fenestr/o - daaqad * ferm/i - xidhid * fest/i - dabaaldegid, ciidid, fasax ahaansho * fi- (komercisto - ganacsade) ('''fi'''komercisto - kadhexeeye, yasan); (insekto - cayayaan) ('''fi'''insekto - wasakh, usgag) * film/o - filim * fil / o - wiil * fin / i - dhammayn, gabagabyn * fiŝ / o - kaluun * flank / o - dhinac, bog * flav / a - jaalle, hurruud * flor/o - ubax * flug/i - duulid * foj/o - mar * for - tegey, fog, maqan * forges/i - ilaawid, hilmaamid * form/o - qaab (form/i - qaab u samayn, qaab u yeelid) * fort / a - xoog * fot/i sawirid, sawirqaadid * frap/i - tumid, garaacid, fanaxin * frat/o - walaal * fraŭl/o - (Ne edziĝinta viro) (wiil, kuray); (fraŭl'''in'''o) fraŭlino - '''gashaanti, gabadh''' Ne edziniĝinta vir'''in'''o. * frenez / a - waalan * fru / e - (goor) hore, kalah * funkci/o - ([[Xisaab]]) * fuŝ/i - ( bi'in, xumayn) (kuiri - karin, baylin) ('''fuŝ'''kuiri, '''fuŝ'''kuiristo, '''fuŝ'''kuiraĵo - calool iska bi'in ) === g === * gazet/o - wargeys * ge- (patro - aabee; '''ge'''patroj = patro kaj patrino) '''ge'''patroj - aabee iyo hoyoyo * glas/o - koob, dhalo, muraaayad * grand / a - weyn, dheer * gratul/i - nasiib rajeyn * grav / a - muhiim * grup/o - koox * gvid/i - hogaamin, hagid; (agaasime) * ĝeneral/a - guudahaan * ĝen/i - baajin * ĝi, - (magac-uyaal qof) (la priparolata '''aĵo''' (waax,arrin), '''besto''' (xoolo, bahal) aŭ (ama) '''infaneto''' (ilmo)) * ĝis - ilaa, (xagga, ku) * ĝust/a - sax, dhag, gaw === h === * ha - a montras ekmiron aŭ surprizon: Ha, kiel bele! (alla fiicnaydaa!) * hav / i - haysasho * hejm / o - hooy * help/i - caawin, kaalmayn * hieraŭ - shalay * histori/o - [[Taariikh]] * ho - "Ho" estas ĝenerala (guudahaan) ekkria vorteto por esprimi vivan senton: “Ho, ĉielo!” - Ah!, cir, janno! (guudahaan) * hodiaŭ - maanta * hom/o - dad, aadame, qof (hom - '''ar''' -o) (hom'''ar'''o - dadnimo, insaaniyad, aadaminimo) * hor / o - saacad, dersi * hotel/o - hudheel === i === * i - Mi volas labor'''i''' (infinitivo) voli - rabid, doonid; labori - shaqayn * ia (libro) - kitaab uun (tabelvorto) * ial, '''(tabelvorto)''': (sabab)(meelahaas) * iam - '''(tabelvorto)''': mar, waa, (meelahaas); tempo - wakhti, milay, goor * -Id - hundo → hund'''id'''o = nematura hundo; hundo - ey (kadhallinyar/ugu dhallinyar); (arbo -geed) arb'''id'''o * ide/o - fikrad * ie - meeluun '''(tabelvorto)''' * iel - si'uun, si uun (meelahaas) '''(tabelvorto)''' maniero - nooc, dariiq, si * ies, - (qofuun)(meelahaas) posedanto - hanti, maal '''(tabelvorto)''' * -Ig - (sufikso); akra - afweyn, kulul (basbaas); tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi; akra → akr'''ig'''i = agi tiel, ke io fariĝas akra: Mi akr'''ig'''as mian tranĉilon. * -Iĝ, (sufikso); akra - afweyn, kulul (basbaas); akra → akr'''iĝ'''i = fariĝi akra La ekonomia krizo akr'''iĝ'''is. Milito - dagal, dirir: La milito akr'''iĝ'''is. * -Il, (sufikso); tranĉi - jarid, gooyn; tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi; tondi → tond'''il'''o = instrumento por tondi (kiu konsistas el du klingoj): tond'''il'''o - maqas * ili - iyaga / iyagaa; magac-uyaal qof 3 pluralo * imag / i - malayn, sawirasho * -In - (sufikso); (homo - dad, aadame, qof) homo → hom'''in'''o = ina homo (dhaddig); ina - dhaddig * -Ind - (sufikso); am'''ind'''a - (naxariis); ami → am'''ind'''a = tia ke ĝi meritas esti amata; '''ind'''a korano - [[Qur'aan]] * infan / o - ilmo * inform/i - gaadsiin, waamid, wargelin * -Ing, glavo: (tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi)(milito)(Milito - dagal, dirir): glavo - glav'''ing'''o (dhaqan)(shandad) * instru/i - barid, casharsiin; (instru'''ad'''o - xiisad, dersi) * int - (Aktiva participo) leg'''int'''a = tia, ke oni antaŭe legis * inter - (inter ni - waa aniga iyo adiga) * interes/i - xiisayn (intereso - xiiso, dan) * invit/i - martiqaadid, casuumid, codsasho (invito - martiqaad) * io - (woxoogaa), inyar, kis, wax '''(tabelvorto)''' (meelahaas)+(-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * iom - woxoogaa '''(tabelvorto)''' (iom mono - woxoogaa lacaga) (meelahaas)+(-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) * iran / o - [[Iiraan]] * ir//i - tegid * is - (tege) mi labor'''is''' (mi laboris = la ago “labori” okaz'''is''' antaŭ nun) (jooge: mi laboras) * -Ism, (Budho → Budh'''ism'''o) (komuna (guudahaan)→ komun'''ism'''o)(kapitalo - maal → kapital'''ism'''o); Islamismo; * -Ist (kurac'''ist'''o - dhaktar, dabiib)(kurac / i - baanasho, (baxnaanin, lamacaaamil)) (juĝ'''ist'''o - xaakin) (polic/o - [[booliis]]); (polic'''ist'''o - [[booliis]], askari) * it. (pasiva participo it: plenumiĝo aŭ rezulto) (La ŝtelisto estis arest'''it'''a de polic'''ist'''o. (ŝtel'''ist'''o - tuug) (ŝtel/i - xadid) (polic'''ist'''o - [[booliis]], askari) * ital / o - [[Talyaaniga]] * iu - cid, qof; (qofuun, ciduun) '''(tabelvorto)''': -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) === j === * j - (dom/o - guri, aqal) - 1 dom'''o''' (singular, keli; 2 domo'''j''' (wadar) * ja - (Vi '''ja''' aŭdis per oreloj propraj) (ka xoogan, run, dhab) * jam - mar hore * januar / o - Janaayar [[Janaayo]] * japan/o - [[Jabaan]] * jar/o - sannad * je - meeleeye; Preni iun je la mano (= lia), per la mano (= sia).Konduki iun je la nazo. ''(je estas rolvorteto sen difinita signifo. Ĝenerale oni evitu je, se pli bona alternativo ekzistas.)'' * jen (adverbo) '''Jen''' la suno subiras, venas la nokto. (La suno estas subita - cadceeddii waa dhacday) * jes - haa (Respondvortoj); (jes, ja - haa waan jecelahay) * ju - (intii/markii .. waa intii) '''Ju pli''' da mono ni havos, '''des pli''' rapide kaj bone iros kompreneble nia afero. '''Ju pli''' da laborantoj estos, '''tiom pli''' rapide estos finita la granda konstruo * juli/o - [[Yulyo]] ([[Luuliyo]]) * jun/a - marras; infan'''et'''o - saqiir; junulo - barbaar; junuloj - barbaar; ŝaf'''id'''o (j) - maqal; kapr'''id'''o - maqal; ŝaf'''id'''oj kaj kapr'''id'''oj - maqal; * juni/o - [[Yunyo]] ([[Juun]]) === ĵ === * ĵaŭd / o - [[Khamiis]] * ĵet/i - saaniyey, toosin, xukumid * ĵus - haddadan, imikadan === k === * kaj - iyo * kalkul/i - xsiaabin * kamp/o - beer * kant//i - heesid, balweyn * kapabl / a - kar, awood * kapt/i - qabasho, jilaabasho, halqafid * kar / a - wanaagsan, qaali * kart/o - tigidh, taysaro, sawirdhul (landokarto de Germanujo - sawirdhuleedka Jarmalka) * kased/o - cajal; cajalad; (sanduuq) rikoodh, rikoodh ku qabasho; kasedo de magneta rubando; kasedo de magneta disko aŭ lumdisko * kaŝ/i - qarin (isquarin, dhuumasho) * kaŭz/o - sabab (kauŭz/i - tiu vorto kaŭzis la malpacon) * kaz / o - (naxwaho) (deklinacio) (''nominativo'', (ilahaansho);(kee); layeele) * ke - kaa, si ay, (Ŝajnas, ke pluvos). (muuqasho), (daid, roobid) (-os soosocde) * kelk/a - (in/wax yar) kelka'''j''' - dhawr * kia - (maxay) '''(tabelvorto)'''En infano vidiĝas, kia homo fariĝos. ''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-a eco - tayo, sifo) * kial - waayo '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-al kialo - sabab (sababtee?)) * kiam - goorma '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * kie - meel, xaggee '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * kiel - waayo '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) * kies - Kies filo vi estas? '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-es posedanto - hanti, maal) * kio - maxay, (kaa, wax)''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * kiom - intee, meeqa '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) * kiu - kuma '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)) * klar/a - cad, saafi; (klara akvo - biyo cad) * klas/o - - saf, heer, fasal; (klasĉambro - qolfasal); (societo, matematiko, botaniko); (altklasa homo; la laborista klaso;) * klav/o - (taabasho) (fure) (pianoklavo)(muusiik) (klavo de piano, klavo de tajpilo); * klopod//i - dadaalid (klopodo - dadaal, dhib) * klub / o - naadi * knab/o - wiil, kuray; knab'''in'''o - gabadh * kolekt/i - urur in; Kolekto - urur * kolor/o - midab (kolorfilmo - filim midab ah) * komenc/i - bilaabid * komerc//i - ganacsasho; (komerco - bucshiro, ganacso) * komision/o - wadar (guddi) * komitat/o - guddi * kompren / i - fahmid, kasid * komput/i - xsiaabin; (komputilo: Maŝino por komputi - (makiinadqorid/xisaab/xisaabin/xisaabaad)''(Computer)'' * komun/a - guudahaan (komuna (guudahaan)→ komun'''ism'''o) * koncern/i - khusayn * kongres/o, -(haasaawe) (konferenc /o - shir) (konference - fadhdhi / fadhi) (haasaawe) * kon / i - garasho, aqoonid * konkret / a - runtii, dhabtii (Montri tre konkrete sian dankon.) * konsent//i - heshii, guddoon, (qabbil) (ogol, waa yahy) * konsil/i - naseexee, (konsilo'''j''' - talo); (konsil'''iĝ'''i - talo wyddiin) (konsilodomo - dawladda hoose) * konsist//i - kooban (unu minuto konsistas el sesdek sekundoj) (minuto - daqiiqad) (sekundo - sugundo) * konstru/i - dhisid, ratib, (dhiso, dhis) * kontakt/o - taabo (kulan, gunud) (tashi);(kontakt'''ig'''i- (hadlid)) * kontent/a - ruaali, ( esti kontenta per - ku raali ahaan(sho) * kontraŭ - lid, xagga * kontrol/i - untuxaabudm baadgudm tuhaabub); (ekzamen/o, kritik/o) kontrolo - imitixaan, tijaabo * korb/o - dambiil * kost/i - joogid (qiimo),dhadhamin * kred / i - aaminid, rumaysasho, malayn * kresk//i - korid, kordhid * krom - ka sokow, (ka sokow/laakiin(se)); (krome - takale) * kruel / a - (awoodsheegad)(kruela kiel tigro, besto);(kruel/i - (burburin, dumin, kharibid) (kruel/o - jengeli) * kuir / i - karin, baylin (cunto karin) * kultur/o - dhaqan, ilbaxnimo * kun - weheliyo, la socoda * kupon/o - (ingiriisi: coupon/voucher) * kur//i - socosho, ordid * kurs / o - deris, waxbarasho * kuŝ//i - dhacid, oolid, jiifid (lito - sariir);(kuŝejo - sariir) * kutim/i - laasimid, qabatimid; (kutimo - caado, lassim; kutima - guud ahaan, caado ahaan) * kvankam - inkastoo * kvar - afar (4) * kvazaŭ - (marka) / (bal aan adhahno/odhano) * kvin - shan (5) === l === * la - (qodob) * labor//i - shaqayn (laboro - shaqo, hawl, waxqabasho) (laboristo - shaqaale); (esti senlabora - shaqola'aansho) * lag/o - badyaro * lakt/o - caano * land/o - dhul, dal; (pejzaĝo - bilicdhul) * larĝ/a - ballaadh * las/i - dhaafid, eyn, ogolaasho, samayn * last/a - dambe, ugu dambeeyey * laŭ - loo eego, waafqasan * lav/i - maydhid, dhaqid * lecion/o - dersi, cashar, daras, meeris * leg /i akhrisaho, akhriyid; Korano - [[Qur'aan]] * lern/i - barasho, dersid * leter / o - dhambaal, warqad * lev/i - hinjin, baacin * li - isaga (magac-uyaal qof) (li estas knabo) * liber/a - xor, bannaan * libr/o - kitaab, buug * lig/i - (guntid) (ligo- (kulan, gunud) (Alligi ŝipon al la kajo.) ((lig'''il'''o) (computer) - (iskuxiriir)) * lingv/o - hadal * literatur/o - suugaan * loĝ // i- kunoolasho, degenaasho * lok/o - meel, deegaan, goob * long / a - dheer, dherer * lud // i ciyaard (ludo - ciyaar, dheel) * lund / o - [[Isniin]] === m === * maj / o - Maayo [[Maajo]] * mal-, (cagis, lid)(cagiska, sida kale); bona (fiican, wanaagsan) → '''mal'''bona (xun); (granda - weyn, dheer) → ('''mal'''granda - yar,kis) * malgraŭ - waxkastoo * manĝ/i - cunid, cunto qaadasho; manĝo - cunto, (cuunto, quud) * manier/o - nooc, dariiq, si * mank//i - dhinaasho, maqnaasho * man / o - gacan * mard/o - [[Talaado]] * mark/o - summad, calaamad, tigidh * mar/o - [[bad]] * mart / o - [[Maarso]] * maŝin/o - makiinad, ijjin, ( tajpi - makiinad (teeb) ku qorid); (tajp'''il'''o - makiinadqorid; skribmaŝin/o - makiinadqorid;) * maten/o - aroor, subax; (Bonan matenon! - aroor/subax wanaagsan) * material/o - alaab * mem - (qodh(ayda), naf(tayda) (Mi longe interne batalis kun mi mem.) * membr/o - xubin * memor/i - xasuusasho memoro - xasuus * merkred/o - [[Arbaco]] * mesaĝ/o - war (mesaĝ/i - gaadsiin, waramid, wargelin) * met/i - jiifin, dhigid, meelayn, * metod/o - hab * mez / o - dhex, badhtame * mi - anigaa (magac-uyaal qof) (Mi amas min mem.) * miks / i - qasid, khaldid, laaqid * mil - kun (1000) * miliard / o - bilyan (1 000 000 000) * milion/o - milyan ( 1 000 000) * milit // i, (Du militas, tria profitas.) (milito - dagal, dirir);(militistaro - xoogga);(savarmeo - xoogbadbaado) * minus - naaqus (10 - 6 = 4 dek minus ses faras kvar;) * minut/o - daqiiqad * mir//i - yaabid, layaabid (miro - yaabi) (miraklo - yaab) * mis-, kompreni - fahmid, kasid → '''mis'''kompreni - khaladfahmid = kompreni erare (gaf, khalad) * moment/o - muddo, ilbidhiqsi, waxyar * monat / o, bil (monat / e - bilkasta) * mond / o - adduun * mon / o - lacag ([[Lacagta]]; ETB [[Birr]]; IQD [[Ciraaqi Diinaar]] [[Ciraaq]];USD [[Dollar]] [[Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]]; EUR [[Euro]] [[Yurub]]; KES [[Shilin Kiinyaati]] [[Kiinya]]; SOS [[Shilin Soomaali]] [[Soomaaliya]];) * mont / o - taag, buur, (haaar) * montr/i - tusid, muujin, tilmaamid * morgaŭ - aroor, subax * mort//i - dhimasho; morto - dhimasho * mov / i - dhaqaajin * mult/a - wax badan, in badan * mus/o - [[walo]]; muso; Komputilo: (Enigilo (dialoga disponaĵo) kiun la uzanto movas (ĵargone: „trenas“) sur horizontala ebeno (ekz-e sur sia tablo, prefere kovrita per musmato), tiel movante muskursoron) * muzik/o - muusiik (muziki - muusiik samayn) === n === * n. - 1. (=layeele/akuzativo): la ronda'''n''' tablo'''n''' (kiu'''n''' ?) (=layeele); 2. "n" - (xag, gees) * naci / o - qaran, ummad * naĝ//i - dabaalasho * nask/i - ka dhalasho; (nasko - dhalasho) (datreveno - (maalin)dhalasho * natur/o - dabeecad * naŭ - sagaal (9) * ne - may(a) * neces/a - lagama maarmaan * nek, * nenia - (midna, qofna, cidna) (neni- ("maya") + -a eco - tayo, sifo) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(ni bezonas '''nenian''' helpon;)'' * nenial, (neni- ("maya") + -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(li nenial ĉesis skribi al mi;)'' (ĉesi - joojin, gabagabayn) * neniam - weligeedna; (neni- ("maya") + -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(mi neniam fumis;)'' * nenie - meelaba; (neni- ("maya") + -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(nenie mi povos ĝin trovi;)'' * neniel - (neni- ("maya") + -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) ''ni neniel interesiĝas pri tio;'' '''(tabelvorto)''' * nenies - (qofnaba, cidnabe) (neni- ("maya") + -es posedanto - hanti, maal) ''Esperanto estas nenies propraĵo;'' '''(tabelvorto)''' (propraĵo - hanti, maal) * nenio - waxba; (neni- ("maya") + '''(tabelvorto)''' (ni nenio'''n''' povis vidi; '''-n''' - layeele);'' Ekzistas '''nenio''' certa sur la tero, krom tio, kion la homo posedas en sia propra brusto kaj kapo.'' * neniom - waxba (neni- ("maya") + -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(vi neniom ŝuldas al mi;)'' * neniu - qofnaba, cidnaba; (midna, qofna,cidna) (neni- ("maya") + -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''neniu'''n''' ni renkontis;'' (renkonti - helid, kulmid; -n layeele) * nepr/e - marleyba, (lagama maarmaan), * neŭtral/a - dhexdhexaad * ni - anaka / anakaa (magac-uyaal qof) ''(Ni vidas per la okuloj kaj aŭdas per la oreloj.)'' * -Nj - patrino (hooyo, maama) → Pa'''nj'''o (patrino, wanagsan, qaali) ''(Per '''NJ''' oni faras karesajn nomojn de vir'''in'''oj.)'' * nokt/o - habeen; bonan notkton - habeen wanaagsan; tranokti - uhoyasho, baryid; ''(tranokti en hotelo, sub tendo; ili manĝis kaj trinkis kaj tranoktis tie)'' * nom/o - magac * nord/o - woqooyi;[Waqooyi]]; (norda - xagga/geesta woqooyi) ; * normal/a - caadi, fayaw, miyirqab * nov/a - cusub * novembr / o - Noofeembar, [[Nofeembar]] * nu - (hadda, iminka, imika) ''(Nu, nu! Ne ploru!)'' (plor/i - ooyid, baroorasho) * nul - eber * numer/o - tiro * nun - hadda, iminka, imika * nur - keliya === o === * o - magac -o; (amik'''o'''- saaxiib; tajlor'''o''' -dawaarle, harqaanle; ĉeval'''o''' - faras; krajon'''o''', bros'''o''' - caday, burush) * -Obl - ''“multipliko”''. (du → du'''obl'''o = kvanto duobla - labanlaab) (Matematikaj esprimoj - Xisaab) * ofic/o - mammuus, maamul; xafiis; (ofic'''ej'''o - xafiis) * oft/e - badanaa, inta badan * ok - siddeed (8) * okaz//i - dhacid; kio okazis ? maxaa dhacay? Akcidento okazis - qallad baa dhacday ; ''(Okazu, kio okazi devas)'' * okcident/o - [[galbeed]]; [[Galbeed]]; (okcident/a - okcident/e - xagga galbeedka) * oktobr / o - [[Oktoobar]] * rigard / i - eegid, fiirin * vid / i - arkid * okup/i - (fadhiisaso, dagal,dirir); '''ek'''okupi - bilaabid; '' (Sin okupi pri arto.'' - (sawirid, rinjiyeyn)) * ol - marka ''(ŝi estas pli ol bela, ŝi estas belega)'' * -On, ON = “divido”.( du → du'''on'''o 1/2 - badh) (Matematikaj esprimoj - Xisaab) * oni - dad, iyaga, adiga, anaka (magac-uyyal) ''(oni kredas, ke kometoj anoncas malfeliĉon)'' * ont - (Aktivaj participoj - soosocde) ''(Viro, kiu poste leg'''os''', estas leg'''ont'''a viro.)'' * -Op - ''“grupo kun certa nombro da membroj” :du → duopo = grupo de du, paro; dek → dekopo = grupo de dek'' * opini/i - malayn, ujeedid; (opinio - aragti, ra'yi, male) * ordinar/a - guud ahaan, caado ahaan * ord/o - nidaam, habayn; ''orda'' (ama) ''ord'''em'''a'' - hagaagsan, habaysan, nidaamsan; ord'''ig'''i - nidaamin, hagaaj in, habayn, * organiz/i - dunmi, qabanqaabi, tabaabulyee; (ordo); (organiz'''aĵ'''o); organizo - abaabul, tabaabulyo * orient/o - [[bari]]; (orienta - xagga/geesta bari) * os - (soosocde) Mi vid'''os''' - Waan arki doonaa. (Morgaŭ est'''os''' lundo.)- [[Isniin]]) * ot - ''pasiva participo'' (OT - ''stato'' (xaal) ''antaŭ ago)'' ''Oni elektu OT-participon, se temas pri stato'' (xaal) ''antaŭ la ago.'' ''(Libro, kiun oni poste leg'''os''', estas leg'''ot'''a libro.)'' * ov/o - [[ukun]], ugax, beed === p === * pac/o - nabad * paĉj/o - (-aabbe) (Patro - aabbe → Paĉjo) ''(-ĉj, - ( Karesvorto por patro (aabbe): „Patreto! Pa'''ĉj'''o!“) Patro:'' (raaxo, naxariis, dareenbadan): ''Paĉjo! (Patreto!)'' * pag/i - bixin * paĝ/o - dhinac, bog * pan/o - kimis, roodhi, furin * paper/o - xaashi, warqad; (leteropapero - (ama) - leterpapero - xaashi qoritaan) * pardon/i - cafid, saamixid, raaligelin; (Pardonu! Pardonu min - iga raali ahaw!) * parol//i - hadlid; (parolo - hadal, khudbad; (paroli pri.. - hadal jeedin) * part/o - qayb, sed; (rezervparto - dayactir; wadar) * pas//i, - (dhaafid, baaraash)''(li pasis al mi - wuu i dhaafay) (pasi sur la strato, la placo, tra kampo); (paso - pasejo en monto - taag,haar) (waddo,jid); lia tago pasadis en studado;'' * patr / o - aabbe * pec/o - garooc, jab, hal, qayb, (peco da pano - hal rooti ah) * pend//i - deldelid, sudhid (''la filo dependas de sia patro'' - kuxidhnaaasho) * pens//i - malayn, fikirid * per - (meeleeye) ''(Per hakilo ni hakas; sin nutri per legomoj; hak/i - jarjar (jarid, gooyn, garaacid, tumid); (legom/o - legomo'''j''' - khudrad, noocyo khudrad) - (nutr/a - nafaqo; nutr/o - gashin, geshin; nutra manĝaĵo - (baan);'' ''plenigi botelon per akvo;)'' * perd/i - lumid, halaabid, (perdo - halaw, khassare) * perfekt/a - dhan; (dhan, buuxa)( si buuxda, dhan, idil); ''(mi komprenas perfekte - si wanaagsan ayaan u fahmayaa)'' ; ''perfekte ludi pianon;'' * period/o - ammin * permes/i - ogolaasho, yeelid * person/o - qof ; persona/persone - qof ahaan; person/'''a'''(tilmaame):'' mia person'''a''' situacio;'' person/'''e''' (falkaab): ''mi konas lin person'''e''''' * pet/i - baryid, codsasho, tuugid * pied/o - cag, lug; ''piediri - lugayn, cag ku socosho; planko - dhulka aqalka; piediranto - dadka lugta, socoto'' * plaĉ//i - cajebin, kahelid ; ''(bone plaĉas al mi - si wanaagsan bay ii cajebisey); (tre plaĉas al mi ĉi tie); plaĉa - nefis'' * plan/o - qorshe * plej - ''(Superlativo)''- plej ofte - badanka, inta badan; (Aŭgusto estas mia ''plej'' amata filo.)''forta xoog - pli forta (ol) - ka xoogan - '''plej''' forta (el) - ugu xoogan'' ''(Akceptu mian plej koran dankon.)'' * plen/a - buux * plezur /o - farax * pli - (Komperativo) ka badan; pli kaj pli - kolba ka sii badanaysa; ''(lakto estas pli nutra, ol vino);(nutr/a - nafaqo''); * plu - (i ntaa kaddib, waxa dheer, ka durugsan); '''ktp''' (k·t·p ← '''kaj tiel plu''') - '''(iwm.)''' iyo wixii la mid an (iwm.) * plur/aj - dhawr (pluraj personoj atestis tion);(pruvi - caddayn) * plus - (2 + 2 = 4 → Du plus du faras kvar.)(matematiko - [[Xisaab]]) * po - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba) '' (la drapo kostas po 2 $ dolaroj por metro (2 dolarojn por ĉiu metro);'' * poem/o - gabay * pom/o - tufaax [[Tufaax]] * popol/o - dad, qaran * popular/a - (lajecelyahay); (dad,qaran) * por - xaraf * pord / o - [[albaab]], irrid, gool * port/i - quaadid, xidhasho, sidhasho * post - (dambe, gadal); ''La virineto kaŝis sin post kelkaj altaj ŝtonoj.'' post - dabaddeed, (kaddib); post kiam - (dambe, kaddib, mardambe) (- Post kiam li alvenis, ni manĝis.) ; post tio - haddana, dabadeedna, markaana (Kvaronon da horo post tiuj vortoj ...) * poŝt/o - boos; poŝtkarto - kaadh * pov/i - karid * pra- - “antaŭ tre longa tempo, primitiva”; origino de la mondo -(asal, bilaw)(da, weynann); tempo → '''pra'''tempo = la komenca tempo de la homaro aŭ de la mondo; (avino - ayeeyo; mocooyo; avo - awow); da': (patro); gabow: (avo); kabax: '''pra'''avo, '''pra'''avino * precip/e, - (badanka) ''La lando vivas precipe el vitkultivado''; (vino - khamri) * prefer/i - bidid; doorbidid (rab)(door)('''doorbidid, kajeclaasho'''); (rabid, doonid, jeclaasho) * preleg//i - dersid (akhrsasho, akhriyid)+(publiko - dadweyne); prelego/prelego'''j''' - duruus * pren/i - qaadasho * pres/i - daabacid (libro - kitaab) * preskaŭ - dirqi, farciddideed * pret/a - diyaar; (diyaar) ''Mi estas preta preni, rompi la lancon por la vero.'' (lanco - waran, ciise) * preter - tagey, dhaafay, (dhammaad, tagey) (Li pasis '''preter''' mi - wuu i dhaafay) * prezent/i - deeqid, bandhigid, yaboohid; barid, sooqadimid, * prezid/i, - (fal)(salaan) (madaxtooyo); (prezidanto - madaxwyne, madaxweyne, guddoomiye); prezid'''e'''nto - madaxa dawladda; (Francujo, Francio - [[Faransiis]]; Germanujo, Germanio - [[Jarmal]], Usono [[Mareykan]]: prezid'''e'''nto) * prez/o - qiimo, sicir * pri - kor, dul (Prepozicio - meeleeye)''Li parolas pri leono. La temo de la prelego estas leono.'' (leono - [[Libaax]]) * princip/o - weedhweyno * printemp/o - gu'; (printemp'''e''' - gu'ga dhexdiisa); [[Gu]] * pro - sababtoo ah, waayo, maxaa yeelay ''(prepozicio)'' ''Ŝiaj dentoj frapadis pro malvarmo.'' (dento - ilig)dentisto - dhakhtarilko)(dentbroso - caday, buruushilko) * problem/o - mushkilo * produkt/i - soosaarid, (fal); produkt'''o''' - (fabrik'''ad'''o)(produkt'''ad'''o) - waxsoosaar; ''(nur '''produkto''' de mia fantazio)''; (fabriko - wershed) * program/o - barnaamij; ''(sistema programaro: Ilprogramoj de komputa sistemo necesaj por funkciigi aplikajn programojn; aplika programaro: Kolekto da aplikaj programoj por iu ekstera aplika tereno (kontraste al sistema programaro).)'' * proksim/a - dhaw; pli proksima (ol) - ka dhaw; plej proksima (el) - ugu dhaw * propon/i - kutalin, arrimin, soojeedin; propono - talo, arrin * propr/a - keed a, kiisa, wixiisa, gaar, khaas; (kun propraj okuli- indhihiisa;) (''Fidu propran okulon.'') (fido - kalsooni; fid/i - (ku) kalsoonaasno ) * prov/i - (tijaabin);''(provi instrumenton, maŝinon, ponton, ĉapelon); (instrumento - qalab, aalad)(ponto- kaabad);(ĉapelon- koofiyad);''''Montru al mi provon de via aktora arto.'' * publik/o - dadweyne * punkt/o - dhibic, joojis; ''(akurata - ballan ku beeg, ballan ilaalis)'' * pup/o - boomballo; [[دمية]]''la infano serĉis sian pupon'' (ludi - ciyaard) (kokino - digaagad,wadar, diyaad, dooro); (kokineto-digaag); [[Pupo (ludilo)]] * pur/a - nadiif, dhaqan === r === * radi/o - raadyo * rajt/o - gar,xag, qaanuun * rakont/i - kasheekayn, werin; rakonti historion - sheeko kasheekayn; rakont'''o''' - sheeko, sheekoxariiro * rapid/a - dhakhso, degded * raport/i - warbixin; (kawarramid); (raportisto - wariye; raporto - warar) * re- - haddana, mar kale; ĉiufoje (relegi) - (haddana oo haddana akhrisasho, akhriyid); saluti → '''re'''saluti = respondi saluton per saluto; diri → '''re'''diri = diri denove la saman aferon; * redakt/i - (qorid) ( gazeto - wargeys) ''(redakti artikolon, raporton, cirkuleron, leteron)'' (avizo, komunikaĵo; mesaĝo - dhambaal)(leter / o - dhambaal, warqad) (cirkulero - wareegto); (raporto - warar); * region/o, - deegaabn, gobol; (sabab); * regul/o - xeer; ([[Xisaab]]) regelmässig - joogto * reklam/o - iidheh; (xidhiidh dadweyne) * rekt/a - toos; (rekta linio - xariiq toosan; iru rekte! - toos u soco!) * renkont/i - kulmid; ''(mi renkontis lin hejme - gurigaan kula kulmay isaga)'' * respond/i - jawaabid; respondo - jawaab * rest//i - joogid, oolid * ret/o - shabaq, shebeg; '''La''' interreto - [[Internet]]; komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]];''(Por la fakuloj „la Interreto“ estas unu speciala el multaj interretoj;)'' * ricev/i - helid, qaadasho * riĉ/a - hodan; (riĉo - hodanimo; riĉ'''ec'''o - hodanimo) * rid//i - qoslid; (rid'''et'''i - ilkocaddayn)(fal); (rid'''et'''/'''o''') (magac); (rid'''ind'''a - ruwaayad, wax lagu qoslo) * rigard/i - eegid, fiirin (vid/i - arkid) * rilat/i - (fal): (mi ne povas kompreni kiel via konkludo rilatas kun viaj premisoj.) (rilato - xidhiidh); ([[Xisaab]]); (rilatoj - xiriir); (relatoj - cilaaqaad); (premiso: kondiĉo, bazo)(maksimo, principo - weedhweyno) * rimark/i - dareemid, fiirsasho * river/o - [[webi]] * romp/i - jabid, jebin; ''(rompi brako'''n''' - gacan ka jabid; rompi sian vorton - eray jebin, eray burin)'' === s === * sabat / o - [[Sabti]] * saĝ/a - xikmad, caqli; (saĝo - xikmad; saĝ'''ec'''o - xikmad);(intelekto, menso, racio - caqli) * salon/o - (manĝosalono - qolcuno, qolcunitaan); (salono, eleganta ĉambro); (qaabilid, qabasho, helid)(marti); (legosalono - kutuble, kutubhaye);(libro - kitaab, buug) * salut / i - bariidin, salaamid * sam/a -qodh(ayda), naf(tayda); ''(de sama koloro, de sama valoro)''; (kolor/o - midab); (valor/o - qiimo, qaayo) * san/a - caafimad, bedqab, fayow, esti sana caafimaad qabid, bedqabid, saniĝi - caafimaadid, raysasho, bugsasho; sanigi - bogsiin, bogsasho; sano - cafimaad; (la sana homa menso - caqli fayow; ''(sana menso en sana korpo)''; * sat/a - (tilmaame); esti sata - dhergid, fulid; ("sata malsatan ne povas kompreni" - sata homo ne povas kompreni malsatan homon) L. L. Zamenhof; C. Rogister ed.: Proverbaro esperanta, Stafeto, La Laguna, 1974 ISBN 400-7609-6 * scienc/o - [[aqoon]], [[cilmi]]; sciencisto - [[aqoonle]], [[cilmiyahan]] * sci/i - aqoonid, garasho, ogaaasho; scio - aqoon, garasho; (mi volas scii; mi deziras scii - waxaan rabaa inaan aqoodo;) * se - marka * sed - laakiine(se) * seĝ / o - kursi * sekv/i - raacid; sekve - natiijo, go'aan; * semajn/o - toddobaad; semajnfino - toddobaadka dabayaaqadiisa; (labortago - maalin toddobaadka ka mid ah); (laboro - shaqo, hawl, waxqabasho); (tag/o - maalin); * sen - la'aan, bilaa * senc / o - dareen, macne * send/i - dirid; sendi per poŝto - [[boos]] ku dirid * sent / i - dareemid * sep - toddoba (7) * septembr / o - Seteembar [[Sebteembar]] * serĉ/i - baadhid, raadin, (doon)doonid; * seri/o - saf, taxane; (televidserio, filmserio)(filmo - filim);(matematiko - [[Xisaab]]) * serv/i - adeegid * ses - lix (6) * si - naftiis, iskiis; (magac-uyaal); (Elizabeto lavas '''sin''' en la lago); (a sama persono kiel la subjekto, se tiu ne estas mi, ni aŭ vi (aŭ ci)) * sid//i - fadhiisasho * signif/i - macnaysanaasho; signifa - macne, muhiim; sifnifo - macne, muhiim; * simil/a - eki, iskumid * simpl/a - sahlan, fudud, jilicsan * simul/i - (li '''ŝainas''' esti malsana - wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu bukaan yahay); simul'''il'''o - (dayuurad, aalad, dersi, aqoon); komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]] * sinjor/o - mudane; sinjoroj! - mudanayaal! sinjoro (..)! mudaane (..); sinjoro doktoro (s-ro doktoro) - mudane dhakhtar); s-ro (..); sinjor'''in'''o (s-ino) - naag, afo; sinjorino (..) - afada (..); mia edzino - afadayda, xaaskayga; fraŭlino - gashaanti, gabadh; fraŭlino (..) - gashanantida (..); * sistem/o - hab; (nervosistemo, nervsistemo, nerva sistemo, nervo - dareeme); komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]] * situaci/o - xaalad; ''(komika situacio),(komika - maad)'' * skatol/o - baakidh, qardaas, sanduuq; nigra skatolo: (nigra - madaw), (aeroplano, aviadilo, avio - dayuurad),(akcidento - shil); (flugo - duulliin, duulitaan), (aerodromo - gegidayuurad, garoondayuurad); (alo, flugilo, (ŝvebilo) - baalal, baadad, biyaano) * skrib / i- qorid * sol/a - keli, mid * somer/o - xaggaa [[Xagaa]] * son//i - (fal); sono - cod, midab; sonbendo rikoodh; surbendigi - rikoodh ku qabasho; (surbendigilo - aaladda rikoodhka); (magnetofono - aaladda rikoodhka);(brua, laŭta - kor, sare); (mallaŭta - hoos) * special/a - khaas; eksperto, specialisto, specialisto'''j''' - khubaro; (specialiĝo - takhasus) * spec/o - nooc, dariiq, si; (iu speco da bestoj); (speci/o: „La origino de specioj“ (verko pri biologio de Ĉ. Darvino)) * spert/a - waayo'arkid, usoojoogid; sperto - waayo'aragnimo; (li havas granda'''n''' sperto'''n''' en sia fako - waayo'aragtinimo weyn buu u leeyahay shaqadiisa) * sport/o - ciyaar(o); sport/i - ciyaaro samayn; Sportisto - ciyartow * staci/o - joogsibas, joogsitareen * star // i - taagnaasho, joogid, istaagid * strat / o - waddo, jid * stud / i - dersid, jaamacad (studento - arday) * stult/a - adhlax, maansuukh, dhaandahaan; (stultulo - maansuukh, dhaandhaan ) * sub - hoos, daaf * sud/o - konfuur; [[Koonfur]] * sufiĉ/a - (kufilan), sufiĉe - kufilan; (fal): sufiĉ/i - kufilaaasho, tio sufiĉas (por ni) - intaasi kufilan (..); ''(tiu sumo ne sufiĉas;)'' * sukces//i - guulaysasho; sukceso - guul; ''(liaj verkoj havis, akiris, ricevis, ĝuis, atingis entuziasman sukceson;)'' * suk/o - fuuq * sun/o - cadceed, ([[Qorax]]); (stelo - xiddig, [[Xidig]])(stelfiguro - sumadxiddig, xiddig) * super - kor, dul * supoz/i - malayn, moodid, dasooqaadid;(supozeble - kasooqaad); ''(mi supozas, ke li baldaŭ alvenos;)'' * supr/'''e''' - kor, sare; supr'''a''' - sare, kor; ("xag + n": ''(mi staris supr'''e''' sur la monto kaj rigardis malsupr'''en'''))'' * sur - guud, kor === ŝ === * ŝaf/o - [[ido]] * ŝajn//i - (eg);(ifid), (muuqasho) (li '''ŝainas''' esti malsana - wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu bukaan yahay) * ŝanĝ/i - bedelid, doorin, sarifid; sanĝi monon (ĉe banko) - lacag sarifid (..); ''(la vento ŝanĝis sian direkton)'' * ŝat/i - rabid, doonid, jeclaasho; mi ŝatas (volonte) .. - waxxan rabaaa (aad)... * ŝi - iyada; ''(ina persono; ununombra virina pronomo de tria persono)'' * ŝip/o - [[markab]] * ŝir/i - dillaacin, jeexid * ŝtat/o - dawlaad (presid'''e'''nto - madaxa '''dawladda''')- (presid'''a'''nto - madaxweyne, guddoomiye) === t === * tabl/o - [[miis]] * tag/o - maalin [[Maalin]] * tamen - haddana, hase yeeshee/ahaatte; * task / o - hawl, shaqo * teatr/o - [[golemadadaale]] * tekst/o - (skribi vortojn); ''(Vorta konsisto de dokumento, ordinare de skribaĵo;)'' (kelmed, kelmad, erey, eray, hadal, khudbad, oroh, qowl); ''(gazeto - [[wargeys]]; libro - [[kitaab]], [[buug]]); (gazetoteksto, libroteksto)''(skribo - qoritaan, qoraal, skribisto, verkisto - qoraa; skriba - qoraal ahaan;) * telefon/o - telifoon (-i telifoonin) (telefonlibro - buugtelifoon) (poŝtelefono) * teler/o - saxan * televid/o - [[telifishan]], gogaanarag (televid/i telifishan daawasho)(televidilo - telifishan) * tem/o - arrin, ammuur, amuur''(Tio, pri kio oni parolas, skribas, verkas, pensas;)'' * temp/o - wakhti,(waqti); milay, goor; kol, beri, samaan, wakhti, jeer, kal, moog, mar, muddo, had; tempo, epoko - xilli; tempo, epoko - sabaan; tempo, epoko, okazo, ŝanco - waa; tempo,okazo, ŝanco - moogaan; tempo, okazo, ŝanco - milay; tempo, epoko, periodo - semen; tempo, epoko, periodo - seben; * ten/i - qabasho, joogsasho, hayn, (fari paroladon - hadal qabasho) ''(li faris du paroladojn en la komerca ĉambro);'' * ter/o - dhul; ([[Dhul]]) * terur/o - cabsi, baqdin, argagax; (tilmaame '''-a'''; falkaab '''-e''') horor'''a''', terur'''a''', terur'''e''' - cabsi leh, baqdin leh; * tia - taas/kaas, oo kale; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-a eco - tayo, sifo) * tial - sidaas (awgeed) darteed; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * tiam - haddana, dabadeedna, markaana; ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame)+ (-am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * tie - halkaa, meeshaa (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * tiel - (sidaa); (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si); (li estas tiel granda, kiel vi -dhererkaaguu leeyahay, isku dherer baa tihiin) * ties, - (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-es posedanto - hanti, maal)(magac-uyaal lahaansho); ''"kies panon oni manĝas, ties vorton oni parolas"'' * tim/i - cabsasho, baqasho; timo - cabsi, baqdin; (terura, terure, timinda - cabsi, baqdin); * tio - kaa, midkaa; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)); ''tio estas tre facila;'' * tiom - isla markaaba, iyo kale, (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) ''(kiom da kapoj, tiom da opinioj)'' * tiu - kan, kaa; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)); ''(tiu estas mia amiko;)'' * tra - dhex, gudub * traduk/i - turjumid; traduko, tradukado, tradukaĵo - turjun; ''(li tradukis la frazon el la somala lingvo en la germana - weedh af Soomali ah ayuu Jarmal ku turjumey;)'' * trakt/i -(fal); traktado - waanwaan; ''(trakti kun la venk'''int'''o pri la paco);'' (venko - guul) * tranĉ/i - jarid, gooyn, (kudristo, tajloro - dawaarle, harqaanle); (tranĉi drapon;)(drapo - masar, maro);(''krioj tranĉis aeron, la noktan silenton;)'' * trans - (kor, dul); ''(la popoloj loĝantaj trans la maro;)'' * tre - add; (tre granda homo; tre rapide iri; tre laŭte paroli; tre multe da akvo;) * tri - saddex (3) * trink/i - cabbid, dhamid * tro - waxbadan; ''(tro ami ludon; tro da pano;)'' * trov/i - helid * tuj - markiiba, haddiiba * turn/i - duubid, wareejin; ''(turni ŝlosilon en la seruro;)'' * tut / a - gebi, dhan, idil === u === * u - foriĝ'''u'''! - dhuumo!, baxso! isqari!(amar, farniin);(labor'''u''' = la ago “labori” estas dezirata, petata, ordonata aŭ celata) * -Uj, (mono - lacag)(sako - kiish, jawaan) mono → mon'''uj'''o = sak'''et'''o por porti monon; teo - shaah, caleenshaah, teo → te'''uj'''o; * -Ul - (ul/o - qof) (persono - qof) fremda → fremd'''ul'''o; (qof)sisheeye, (qof)qalaad; bono, bonulo,(wanaagsan) (ulo - qof) * -Um, (kovri - doboolid, dedid; sapo - saabuun); sapo → sapumi = kovri per sapo (= sapi); ''(folio → foliumi = turni la foliojn de libro por legi)'' * universal/a - caalami * universitat/o - [[jaamacad]]; (dugsi); (studento - arday; stud'''ad'''o, studio, studo - wasbarsho, aqoonkorodhsi; studi - dersid, jaamacad tagid; doktoro - dhakhtar) * unu - kow * urb/o - [[magaalo]], bender * us. ''(Se mi est'''us''' riĉa, mi ne labor'''us'''.)''(labor'''us''' = la ago “labori” estas imagata)''(Se mi estus sana, mi estus feliĉa.)'' * util/a - dheef leh, waxtarbadan; utili - faa'i i dayn, waxtarid; profito, utilo - faa'iido, dheef, waxtar; * uz/i - isticmaalid, kutagrifalid ''(uzi multe da salo)'' === v === * vagon/o - baabuur, gaadhi * valor/o - qiimo, qaayo * varm/a diiran, dugsoon * ve - ve!, ve! (lament/i, plend/i - (ka)dacwoodid); (plendo, lamento - dacwad); ''ve al ni, ni estas ruinigitaj'' * vend/i - iibin, gadid; vendisto - iibiye, gade * vendred/o - Jimce [[Jimco]] * ven//i - imasho; ''(malamiko venis en nian landon);'' (malamiko - cadaw) * venk/i (fal), venko - guul; * verk/i - shaqayn, falid, bogasho; ''verki libron, operon, raporton;''(libro - kitaab) * ver/o - run (ver/a - run, dhab) * vesper/o - fiid; Bonan vesperon! - fiid wanaagsan!(vespermanĝo - casho); vespere - fiidkii; * vest/o - lebis, hu, gashad; (robo - lebis, toob); (kapvesto/ĉapelo - koofi(yad)) * veter/o - [[cimilo]] * vetur//i - safrid, dhoofid, boqoolid * vi - adigaa; vi - idinka; via - kaaga/taaga; via - kiin/tiina * viand/o - hilib, jidh, cad; buĉisto - hilible; buĉ/i - (fal), ''(virina lango buĉas sen sango)'' * vid/i - arkid (rigard/i - eegid, fiirin)) * vilaĝ / o - tuulo * vintr/o - jiilaal [[Jiilaal]] * vir/o - nin, xaas; vira - lab; virino - naag, afo; (Ino - naag, afo); virina - dhaddig; femala - dhaddig; ina - dhaddig; * viv // i - noolasho * vizit/i - booqasho, siyaarasho; vizito - booqasho, marti, siyaaro; viziti la teatron - golaha madadaalada booqasho * vojaĝ // i - safrid, boqoolid (vojaĝ / o safr, boqool) (bona vojaĝo - safar wanaagsan!) * voj / o - waddo, jid * vol / i - rabid, doonid * vort / o - eray, (erey) === z === * zorg /// i - daryeelid, dhawrid (zorg /o - werwer, walaac, daryeel) ------------------- (Elŝutita el "http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 {{Wayback|url=http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 |date=20110514095728 }}" Laste redaktita je 09:24, 27. Jun 2010.) == Il - ''Fonto'' (Jarmal) == * [http://www.esperanto.de/gej/elshutoj/soleichtschwarz2_UM.pdf '''Il''' ''- (Fonto: © DEJ 12-2001; kaj © H.J.) folio en germana lingvo: SO LEICHT IST ESPERANTO ! DEJ'' www.esperanto.de] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto.de/gej/elshutoj/soleichtschwarz2_UM.pdf |date=20100714125857 }} == ''Esperanto-afriko.org'' / Waxbarasho == * [http://esperanto-afriko.webs.com/kursojcourscourses.htm ''(Helpo'': '''www. esperanto-afriko.org.'''''(kurso en araba lingvo)''] {{Wayback|url=http://esperanto-afriko.webs.com/kursojcourscourses.htm |date=20110722011930 }} == Waxbarasho == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php a,b,c - (ilmo) (= '''waxbarasho''') 30 afaf qalaad '' kursoj 30 lingvoj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} * [http://ar.lernu.net waxbarasho - kurso en araba lingvo] {{Wayback|url=http://ar.lernu.net/ |date=20080207113108 }} لِرنو: موقع تعليمي لإسبرانتو == Qaamuus Soomaali-Ingiriis-Jarmal == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_153&products_id=2157&osCsid=v5epgkn1nf7bgr9fsm66a3aibe6ske87 ''Vortaro germana - somala somala - angla - germana, 302 paghoj, 4-a eldonejo 2009; Mohammed Ali Farah / Dietmar Heck Somali Wörterbuch Deutsch-Somali / Somali-Englisch-Deutsch'' '''Qaamuus Jarmal-Soomali Qaamuus Soomaali-Ingiriis-Jarmal Mohammed Ali Farrah; Dietmar Heck''' © ''Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 1990/2009 (jaro 1990:'' ISBN 3-87118-939-1 ''jaro 2009:'' ISBN 978-3-87548-055-9. (www.buske.de)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_153&products_id=2157&osCsid=v5epgkn1nf7bgr9fsm66a3aibe6ske87 |date=20110812034711 }} == Qaamuus ''ttt / www'' == * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf qaamuus Af-esperanto - Af-soomali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf |date=20120419195944 }} * [http://www.reocities.com/lilandr/lingvoj/somala/eo-so01.html Liland Brajant ROS’ - '''Qaamuuska Af-Soomaali- Af-Esiperaanto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.reocities.com/lilandr/lingvoj/somala/eo-so01.html |date=20131006213342 }}''' * [http://www.reta-vortaro.de ttt - www - Qaamuus/''vortaro'' : www. reta-vortaro.de] * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php a, b, c, lernu.net ''(“Pri la Fundamento“) bildvortaro, vortaro (30 lingvoj)''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php qaamuus - ''bildvortaro''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php |date=20120128111830 }} * [http://www.markacadey.net/dictionary-index.htm Qaamuus Somali - Ingriis / Dictionary English - Somali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.markacadey.net/dictionary-index.htm |date=20100830095940 }} == Qaamuus Esperanto-Jarmal == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2283&osCsid=2c4mu7ujmvq6a1s29brgn4djcu2rbmto Qaamuus]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} vortaro: Krause Esperanto- Deutsch (Jarmal), © Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 1999 ISBN 3-87548-193-3 www.buske.de == Qaamuus Jarmal-Esperanto == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2785&osCsid=psbk841q86qi1lft4lp8lmqmvjam5on1 '''Qaamuus'''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2785&osCsid=psbk841q86qi1lft4lp8lmqmvjam5on1 |date=20110819212739 }},''vortaro Krause Deutsch'' (Jarmal)-''Esperanto'' © Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 2007 ISBN 978-3-87548-466-3 www.buske.de == Waxbarasho "Pri la fundamento" == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/fundamento/reguloj/regulo0.php (“''Pri la Fundamento''“)] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/fundamento/reguloj/regulo0.php |date=20100627175745 }} quaamuus-sawir ''bildvortaro'', qaamuus vortaro, 30 afaf qalaad ''(30 lingvoj)'' www.lernu.net * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/index.html ''FUNDAMENTO DE ESPERANTO Antaŭparolo; Gramatiko: GRAMMAIRE (Gramatiko Franca); GRAMMAR ( — Angla); GRAMMATIK ( — Germana); ГРАММАТИКА ( — Rusa); GRAMATYKA ( — Pola);Ekzercaro, Universala Vortaro''] == Waxbarasho "ilmo" / ''infanoj'' == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php '''ilmo''' / ''infanoj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} www.lernu.net ''porinfanaj kursoj'' == Qaamuus-sawir ''bildvortaro de lernu.net'' == * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/66.php (bahalo) /'' mamuloj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/66.php |date=20120210065544 }} www.lernu.net == Qaamuus "kontakto-Vortlisto" 884/414 == * [http://de.lernu.net/grafikajhoj/biblioteko/gazetoj/facila_vortolisto.pdf qaamuus 884/414 eray] {{Wayback|url=http://de.lernu.net/grafikajhoj/biblioteko/gazetoj/facila_vortolisto.pdf |date=20110831222027 }} ''Vortlisto “facile / tre facile” 2006 © Kontakto (884 / 414 vortoj) '' == Qaamuus "Juna amiko" == * [http://de.lernu.net/biblioteko/gazetoj/juna_amiko/vortlisto.php Vortlisto "''Juna amiko''"] {{Wayback|url=http://de.lernu.net/biblioteko/gazetoj/juna_amiko/vortlisto.php |date=20110216015653 }} == Qaamuus Kompaktdisko KD - CD == * [http://www.books.ch/shop/action/productDetails/5818776/esperanto_kauderwelsch_aussprachetrainer_cd_3831762201.html;jsessionid=8651180039E34FA12DD9C21F1EF97872.www03?aUrl=90007790]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''KD Kompaktdisko / CD (ad volumo 56) Esperanto Dahmann / Pusch Eldonejo Peter Rump GmbH D-33649 Bielefeld Reise Know-How Rump GmbH September 2006 - Audio-CD'' ISBN 3831762201 EAN: 9783831762200 (www.books.ch) == Qaamuus akademio-de-esperanto == * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/akademia_vortaro/index.html?tt=1279022574 quaamuus] miis = ''tablo'' '''tabl'''/ tabl/o www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/ == Naxwaha - kitaab - ''Gramatiko-tabelo kaj libroj'' == * [http://www.svisa-esperanto-societo.ch/de/grammatik.html (''gramatika tabelo esperanto'' - jarmal)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.svisa-esperanto-societo.ch/de/grammatik.html |date=20120525120041 }} * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2780&osCsid=1v2cqju6nuqvj1ulh0mfc9k8mu6tncce Dirk Willkommen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2780&osCsid=1v2cqju6nuqvj1ulh0mfc9k8mu6tncce |date=20110819212650 }} (jarmal) ''(Esperanto-grammatika-libro) ''Dirk Willkommen Esperanto-Grammatik Eine Lerner- und Referenzgrammatik 2a eldonejo 2007. XIV, 132 paghoj.'' EAN: 978-3-87548-475-5. [http://www.buske.de/index.php?cPath=1_113&osCsid=937vtpqqpqjgoks38bemm7r9bpnm3o4o&content=recherche] (www.buske.de)'' * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/terminoj.php ''gramatiko''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/terminoj.php |date=20100714181519 }} (www.lernu.net) * [http://www.bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html detala gramatiko PMEG, '''naxwaha PMEG'''] == waxbarasho jarmal - soomaali == * [http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?ISBN=3-89645-571-0 ''Catherin Griefenow-Mewis Lehrbuch des Somali, Köln 2004] {{Wayback|url=http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?ISBN=3-89645-571-0 |date=20060113013930 }} '''jarmal''' ISBN 978-3-89645-571-0 ''Lehrbuch des Somali'', ''Eine praktische Einführung'' ''Reihe: Afrikawissenschaftliche Lehrbücher Band 16'', ''2004 350 Seiten'', ''zahlreiche Tabellen und Übersichten'' == Ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo == * [http://esperanto.cri.cn chinia esperanta retpagho = ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo] * [http://esperanto.cri.cn/621/2009/06/22/1s97661.htm pri Somalio] {{Wayback|url=http://esperanto.cri.cn/621/2009/06/22/1s97661.htm |date=20110902003651 }} == Wikimedia == * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto?uselang=soomaaliga commons.wikimedia] [[Category:Esperanto]] [[Category:Afbarasho]] [[Category:Afafka]] tbdoh69pe2f2ay235og9lasy5nsskqk 306076 306075 2026-08-28T02:45:48Z Soalt 39618 Soalt la wareejiyay bogga [[Esberanto]] ilaa [[Af Esberanto]]: magaca af inoo ka bilowdo waaye af, tusaale ahaan af-ingiriis, maaha ingiriis 306075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Esberanto]] waa luqadda ugu caansan ee la dhisay. Esberanto waxay abuurtay luqadda si ay u fududayso xidhiidhka caalamiga ah. Ujeeddadiisu waxay ahayd inuu Esberanto u qaabeeyo qaab ay dadku u baran karaan si ka sahlan luqadaha kale ee qaranka. =Baro luqadda esberanto= ==Waxbarasho== ''Internacia Lingvo Kurso - somala lingvo'' ''(Helpo: www. esperanto-afriko. org. (kurso en araba lingvo); www. lernu.net kursoj'' (= waxbarasho) ''wwww. esperanto.de (© traduko en somala lingvo: H. J.)'' [[File:Jubilea_simbolo.svg|thumb|Jubilea simbolo]] [[File:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg|thumb|flago de Esperanto]] ''La internacia lingvo - ESPERANTO estas lingvo facila.'' == Alifba’da soomaaaliga == ''somala araba alfabeto'' ('''=alifba’da soomaaaliga'''): ‘, B, T, J, X, KH, D,R, S, SH, DH, C, G, F, Q, K, L, M, N, W, H, Y, A, E, I, O, U,) == Alifba’da ''"internacia lingvo"'' - ESPERANTO == -, B, T, J, - , -, D, R, S, - , - , C, G, F, - , K, L, M, N, - , H, - , A, E, I, O, U, Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ Ĉ = (TSH) Ĉilio, G = (J) germanio, germanujo (=Jarmal) , Ĥ = (KH) Ĥemio (=Kiimika, kimistari), J = (i) Junio (=Yunyo); Julio (=Yulyo); J = Jordanio (i), Ĵ = ĵurnalo (=wargeys); Ŝ = (SH) ŝipo (= markab); Ŭ = aŭto (= baabúur) == Alifba’da ESPERANTO == (dhihid: 34 Waxbarasho "ilmo" / infanoj) ''Prononoco kaj alfabeto'': “Afr'''i'''ko”, "hot'''e'''lo", "am'''i'''ko", "kontin'''e'''nto". [[File:Alfabeto de Esperanto.png|thumb| ESPERANTO - Alfabeto de Esperanto]] [[File:Signuno_abc.gif|thumb| Alfabeto de Esperanto]] Alifba’da ESPERANTO - ''ALFABETO'' Aa, Bb, Cc, '''Ĉĉ''', Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, '''Ĝĝ''', Hh, '''Ĥĥ''', Ii, Jj, '''Ĵĵ''', Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, '''Ŝŝ''', Tt, Uu, '''Ŭŭ,''' Vv, Zz. Nomoj de la literoj: a, bo, co, '''ĉo''', do, e, fo, go, '''ĝo''', ho, '''ĥo''', i, jo, '''ĵo''', ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, '''ŝo''', to, u,''' ŭo''', vo, zo. Ekzemploj: c = : cigaro (=sigaar), princo (ingiriis: prince) s = : kiso (=dhunkasho) v = : varma (=diiran) z = : rozo (ubax) * '''Ĉĉ, Ĝĝ, Ĥĥ, Ĵĵ, Ŝŝ, Ŭŭ''' * Ĉ = Ĉado (= “Cado-“dhul) * ĝ = ĝangalo (kayn, juq, hawd) * ĥ = jaĥto; (markab) * ĵ = ĵurnalo (wargeys) * ŝ = ŝipo (markab) * ŭ = aŭtobuso (koryeeri, bas) (Vikipedio cx= ĉ, gx= ĝ, hx= ĥ, jx= ĵ, sx= ŝ, ux= ŭ) dhambaal: * ĉ (cx), ama '''ch''', * ĝ , (gx) ama '''gh''', * ĥ (hx) ama '''hh''', * ĵ (jx) ama ,'''jh''', * ŝ (sx) ama '''sh''' * ŭ (ux) ama '''u''' ''Ekzemplo : chinia esperanta retpagho = ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo'' == Naxwe ''Gramatiko'': Qodob == '''la''' (= ''artikolo'' / qodob ) * '''''la tablo''''' - miis * ''tablo'' - (= 1 ''tablo'' / = 1 miis ) == Magac == (''Substantivo'' / magac) '''-o''' dom'''o''' (=guri) (''dom / o'' ''dom-'''o''''') == Tilmaame == (''Adjektivo'' / tilmaame) '''-a''' grand'''a''' : (=weyn) grand'''a''' domo - == Wadar == (''Pluralo'' / wadar) '''-j''' : ''granda'''j''' domo'''j''''' == Falkaab == (''Adverbo''/ falkaab) '''-e'''. Eva kantas bel'''e'''. ''(adverbo)'' - Eva estas bel'''a'''. ''(adjektivo)'' (''kantas'' = heesid) (''bele/bela'' = qurux, wacan) == Layeele == (''deklinacio'') * 1. (''nominativo''): la ronda tablo - (kiu?) * 2. (''akuzativo''): la ronda'''n''' tablo'''n''' (kiu'''n''' ?) (=layeele) * de la ronda tablo (miis) * al la ronda tablo (''ronda'' = wareeg, kuusan) (xag, gees - ''direkto''): en la parko (jardiinio) - en la parko'''n''' >(jardiino) (tegid) '' mi iras en la parko'' / '' mir iras en la parko'''n''''' (tegid gudaha) == Magaacuyaal == * (''personaj pronominoj''): (magaacuyaal) * mi - (anigaa) ------------------- ni (anaka) * vi - (adigaa) ------------------- vi (idinka) * li - (persono) (isaga) --------- ili (pluralo) (iyaga) * ŝi - (persono) (iyada) --------- oni (dad, iyaga, adiga, anaka) * ĝi - (objekto, ideo) (isaga)----- si (qodhidiis,naftiisa, qodhideed) == magac-uyaal lahaansho - ''posedaj pronomoj'' == ''posedaj pronomoj'' + '''-a''': (magac-uyaal lahaansho) mi'''a''' - vi'''a''' - li'''a''' - ... * mi'''a''' amiko (saaxhiib), * vi'''a''' hundo (=ey), * li'''a''' hundo == (magac) - ''deklinacio'' == * (''deklinacio''): * mi (1. ''nominativo''), * de mi, * al mi , * min (2. ''akuzativo''),. == isbarbardhigid - ''Komparado'' == * (''Komperativo'') '''pli''' * (Superlativo) '''plej''' : * forta * pli forta ('''ol''') * plej forta ('''el''') * ''forta'' xoog - * ''pli forta (ol)'' - ka xoogan - * ''plej forta (el)'' - ugu xoogan == Fal; jooge == ''Konjugado'' - ''Verbo'' / fal ''Prezenco'' / jooge: ''' - as''' mi am'''as''' vin , vi am'''as''' vin, li am'''as''' vin (jeclaysasho) ('''vin'''=layeele) == Fal; tege == ''Preterito''/ tege '''-is''': mi am'''is''' vin, vi amis vin, li amis vin ('''vin'''=layeele) == Fal; soosocde == ''Futuro'' / soosocde '''-os''': mi am'''os''' vin, vi amos vin, li amos vin (vin=layeele) == Fal;(''kondicionalo'') == ''Kondicionalo'' '''-us''' mi am'''us''' vin (vin=layeele) == Fal;(''imperativo'') == ''Imperativo'' '''-u''' am'''u''' min! diru! - (dheh , dhah) == Fal; (''Infinitivo'') == ''Infinitivo'' '''-i''': Mi volas lern'''i''' '''la internacian lingvon''' = Mi volas lern'''i''' '''Esperanton''' ('''-n''' =layeele) * Tobio estas hundo. (ey) * Marko karesas hundo'''n'''. (salaaxid) (hundo'''n'''=layeele) * Marko estas amiko de Maria. (saaxiib) * Maria salutas amiko'''n''' kaj vidas hundo'''n'''. (bariidin /arkid) (amiko'''n'''=layeele) == Weyddiin / ''demanda frazo'' == ''Demanda frazo'': ''' Ĉu ?''' * Ĉu vi komprenas min? Jes, mi komprenas vin. * Ne, mi ne komprenas vi'''n'''. (fahmid, kasid) * Ĉu vi komprenas vorto'''n'''? (vorton=layeele) * Mi ne komprenas vorto'''n''' = eraygaa ma fahmin * Vorto'''n''' ne komprenas mi = eraygaa ma fahmin * Vorto'''n''' mi ne komprenas = eraygaa ma fahmin == Tabelo de korelativaj vortoj == === Silabo i === * '''"i";''' (meelahaas) === Antaŭsilaboj === * k+'''i'''+... ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin * t+'''i'''+... ti- indikvorto - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame) * '''i-''' (meelahaas) * ĉ+'''i'''+ ... ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan) * ne+n + '''i'''- neni- ("maya") * '''Antaŭsilabo''' - '''Mallonga klarigo''' (-qeexniin, sharax) * ki- kio - maxaa/maxay; kiu - kuma demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin * ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame) * i- iu - cid, qof * ĉi- ĉiu - midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba * neni- neniu - qofnaba, cidnaba * (5 x 9 = 45 korelativaj vortoj - tabelvortoj): === Postsilaboj === '''Postsilabo''' - '''Mallonga klarigo'''(-qeexniin, sharax) * -o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas) * -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) * -a eco - tayo, sifo * -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si * -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob * -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor * -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) * -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * -es posedanto - hanti, maal === 45 korelativaj vortoj - tabelvortoj: === * kio - tio - io - ĉio - nenio - * kiu - tiu - iu - ĉiu - neniu - * kia - tia - ia - ĉia - nenia - * kiel - tiel - iel - ĉiel - neniel - * kie - tie - ie - ĉie - nenie - * kiam - tiam - iam - ĉiam - neniam - * kiom - tiom - iom - ĉiom - neniom - * kial - tial - ial - ĉial - nenial - * kies - ties - ies - ĉies - nenies - == Tirooyinka caadiga ah == ''Nombro, Nombrado, arabo cifero'' (= tiro) , ''araboj ciferoj'' (Tirooyinka caadiga ah) * nul 0 * unu 1 --- ses 6 --- dek unu 11 --- cent 100 * du 2 --- sep 7 --- dekdu 12 --- ducent 200 * tri 3 --- ok 8 --- dudek 20 --- mil 1000 * kvar 4 --- nau 9 --- dudek unu 21 --- du mil 2000 * kvin 5 --- dek 10 --- tridek 30 --- du mil unu 2001 * "miliono" 1'000’000 ''roma cifero'': I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X C M "Bonan nokton!" (habeen wanaagsan!) == Tirooyinka habaysan == ''kardinalaj numbroj'' '''-a''': (Tirooyinka habaysan) unu'''a''': 1. (kowaad) du'''a''': 2. (labaad) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- == Iskudarid == * hore: * ek- iri / ekiri (tegid / soco! tegid) * mal- ''rapida / malrapida'' - (dhakhso / aadyar ) (=cagis, lid) ''hela / malhela'' ( furan /mugddi) * mis- kompreni / miskompreni - (fahmid / khalad-fahmid) * re- vidi / revidi - (arkid / dib u arkid) * vir- bovo (lo’) / virbovo (lo’{lab} / (bov'''in'''o - lo’{dhegid} ) == dabadeed == * -ar - arbo / arbaro geed / kayn,yuq, hawd * -aĉ - hundo / hundaco ey / ey >xun <qiimo * -ebl- legi - legebla- akhrisasho />suurtogal * -et- ŝnuro / ŝnureto xadhig / >qaroyar * -eg- ŝnuro / ŝnurego xadhig / >buuran * -ej- lerni / lernejo (baran, barasho /dugsi) * -ig- pura / purigi (nadiif / nadiifin) * -iĝ- blinda / blindigi (indhoole / indhoole > noqosho) * -il- skribi / skribilo - (qorid / qalinqori (makiinadqorid) * -in- bovo / bovino / (virbovo) (lo’) / (bovino - lo’{dhegid} ) virbovo (lo’{lab} ) * -ind- vidi / vidinda arkid / arkid (qaayo/qiimo leh) (qiimo, qaayo) * -ist- baki / bakisto moofayn / moofaale * -ul- fremda / fremdulo (shisheeye / qofshisheeye (ulo = qof) * sana - caafimaad * malsana - bukaan * sanigi - bogsiin, bogsasho * malsanigi - duryid, >bukaan >noqosho * malsanulo - buke * masanulejo- cusbitaal * sanigilo - dawo * sanigebla - bogsiin, bogsasho >suurtogal (Waxbarasho ''Kursoj'': www.esperanto-afriko.org - www.lernu.net) == Qaamuus == === a === * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf ''Malgranda vortaro''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf |date=20120419195944 }} - '''Qaamuus internacia lingvo - Soomaali''' (© DEJ 12-2001) * aĉeti - iibin * agi - falid, shaqayn hawlgelin * ami - jeclaan * ankaŭ - kalóo * antaŭ - hortéeda * antaŭ - hortíisa * (..) ------ * [http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 ''Quaamuus'' internacia lingvo "Radikoj-685" ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 |date=20110514095728 }}: '''''[[uea Universala Esperanto Asocio]]''' '' * ''ekzemploj'': 1. ''afriko = afrik / o afrik - = (radiko) + (finaĵo) -o = afriko'' 2.''adreso = adres / o adres- = (radiko) + (finajho) - o = "adreso"'' * a - (Tilmaame /''Adjektivo'') '''-a''' grand'''a''' : (=weyn) grand'''a''' domo - * -Aĉ - (1.''abomena'') 2. raalila'aan * aĉet / i - libin * -Ad - (qaadasho, gaadhid, socosho, joogto) * adres / o - cinwaan * aer / o - havo * afer / o - kaalin, munaasabad; daas, ganacsi, shaqo; wax, arrin; * afrik / o - [[Afrika]] * ag / i - falid, shaqayn, hawlgelin; * aĝ / o - da, weynaan, gabow; * aĥ! - (alla fiicnayda); (ah!)( maya, hay dhihin); (yaab),((la)yabid); (fajacid); amakaag, yaab, amaakaag, fajac * ajn - (Jarmal: ''auch immer, auch nur, überhaupt'') (iyana, asana, ana) (marwalba, markastaba),(keliya),(guud ahaan, gebi ahaan) * -Aĵ, - (Jarmal: ''Suffix'') wax, walax, * akcept/i - (qaadasho, yeelind, moodid, kasooqaadid) * akv /o - biyo [[Biyo]] * al - (ilaa, ka)(xagga) (ku) * ali / a - ka, kale, midkale * almenaŭ - ugu yaran, ugu yaraan * alt / a - kor (pli alta - ka kore) (pley alta - ugu koraysa) * amas / o - dadweyne, wadar; urur, wadar, tiro, xaddi * ambaŭ - labadaba * amerik / o -Maraykan, Ameerikaa ([[Maraykanka assalkoodii]];[[Maraykan]],[[Mareykan]],[[Ameerika]];'''[[Ameerikada koonfureed]]''';[[Woqooyiga Ameerika]],[[Maksiko]];[[Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]]) * am / i - jeclaan * amik/o - saaxiib (amikeco - saxiibtinimo) * -An - (xubin) (an / o - xubin) * ankaŭ - kalóo * ankoraŭ - weli * anstataŭ - bedel * -Ant - juĝ'''ant''' / o juĝanto xaakin; (leg / i, - akhrisaho, akhriyid; leg'''ant''' / o) * antaŭ - hortíisa, hortéed * aparat / o - aalad * apart/a - faquuq (feraari, kalasooc) * apenaŭ - dhif (..) * aper // i - muuqasho, soobixid (apero sur la scenejo; aper(aĵ)o) * april / o - [[Abriil]] * apud - agteeda, agtíisa * -Ar - (arbo - geed; arb'''ar'''o - kayn, juq, hawd)(ŝafo - ido, ŝaf'''ar'''o - 10,12,...100 ŝafoj) * aranĝ / i - habayn (nidaam, amar) * artikol / o - qodob, qodobgarasho * art / o - [[fan]], ka; artisto - [[fanaan]]; artaĵo / belartaĵo - shaqo fanaan * as - ('''jooge''') (mi vid'''as''' - Waan arkaa; ni laŭd'''as''' - Waan amaanaynaa; li rest'''as''' - Wuu joogayaa) * asoci / o - (bulsho); (midayn); (kulan, shir)(xubin); * aspekt // i - muuqasho * at - pasiva participo; daŭrado aŭ ripetado: La letero estas skrib'''at'''a de mi. * atend / i - sugid * atent/a - wedan, isjir * ating / i - gaadhid (atingi trenon - taareen gaadhid) * aŭ - ama * aŭd / i - maqlid * aŭskult / i - dhegeysasho * aŭgust / o - [[Agoosto]] * aŭstrali/o - [[Australia]] * aŭtobus / o - koryeeri, bas; [[Bas]]; (haltejo (aŭ) stacio de aŭtobuso - joogsibas, joogsikoryeeri) * aŭtomobil / o - baabuur, [[Baabuur]] (Aŭtovojo - jidweyne);(Aŭtoisto (aŭ) veturigisto - babuurwade, darawal); (aŭt/i - baabuur wadid, baabuur kaxayn) (Aŭtoriparejo - geerashbaabuursamayn) (aŭtoasekuro - caymisbaabuur)(aŭtokuro - baabuurbaratan);(Aŭtonegocisto )(aŭ) (Aŭtokomercisto) - ganacsadebaabuur) * aŭtun/o - dayr [[Dayr]] * av / o - awow (avino - ayeeyo, mocooyo) * azi / o - [[Aasiya]] === b === * baldaŭ - hore, markiiba, degdeg * banan/o - muus; [[Muus]] * baz/o - (..); (cag,lug; dhulka aqalka)(weedhweyno) * bedaŭr / i - kaxumaasho * bel / a - qurxóon * best / o - xoolo, bahal; bahalo * bezon / i - baahasho, doonid * bibliotek / o - kutuble, kutubhaye; [[Maktabad]];[[Buug]] * bild / o - sawir; [[Mishelangelo]] * bilet/o - tigidh dhoff * bird/o - [[shimbir]]; (struto - [[Goronyo]])(aglo - [[Dafo]]) * bo- - (patro - via '''bo'''patro → la patro de via edzino / filo → via '''bo'''filo = la edzo de via filino) * bon / a - fiican, wanaagsan * botel/o - dhalo, quraarad [[Dhalo]] * bril//i - dhalaalid, wedhwedhid === c === * cel / o - ujeeddo, -ada * cent - boqol * cert /a (certa esti) - badbaadíd === ĉ === * ĉambr / o - qol * ĉar - maxaayeelay * ĉarm/a - (naxariis) ((si)saaxiib)(waad ku hagaagsan tahay) * ĉe - aktiis, xaggiisa * ĉef / a - badanka (madax,ugaas) (muhiim); (ĉefurbo - magaalo-madax, caasimad) * ĉeval/o - faras [[Faras]] * ĉi - ( ĉi-kune - wadajir) * ĉia - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba)(nooc, dariiq, si) '''(Tabelvorto)'''(ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -a eco - tayo, sifo) * ĉial - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba) (sababtee) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * ĉiam - marvalba, markastaba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * ĉie - meelwalba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * ĉiel - (idil, giddi, dhammaan) (nooc, dariiq, si) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) * ĉies - (qofwalba, cidwalba) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -es posedanto - hanti, maal) * ĉio - waxkaste,dhammaan '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * ĉiom - waxkaste, dhammaan '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) * ĉirkaŭ - meelahaas, ugu dhawaan * ĉiu - midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)) * -ĉj, - ( Karesvorto por patro (aabbe): „Patreto! Pa'''ĉj'''o!“) Patro (aabbe): (raaxo, naxariis, dareenbadan): Paĉjo! (Patreto!) * ĉu - inaan (weyddiin, su'aalid) ('''Ĉu''' vi komprenas min? — Jes, mi komprenas vin!) === d === * da - (unu kilogramo '''da''' pano) (1 litro '''da''' lakto)(peco da pano - hal rooti ah) ''(La riĉulo havas mult'''e''' '''da''' mono)'' * dank / i - mahadin * dan / o - homo de Danujo ([[Denmark]]) * daŭr//i - qaadasho, gaadhid, socosho * de - ka * decembr/o - Diiseembar [[Diseembar]] * decid/i - goosasho, go'aamin * deĵor//i - adeegid (deĵoro - shaqo, adeeg) * dek - toban (10) * dekstr / a - midig (dekstre - midig, geesta midigta) * demand/i - weyddiin, su'aalid * des - intuu, intii (je pli li laboras, des pli monon li ricevas - intuu shaqada sii badiyaba, waaa ka sii lacag badnaanayaa) * dev/i - waajibid * dezir/i - rajeyn * diabl/o - ibliis; shaydhaan; shaydhaan cas (magac) (tilmaame: diabl/a - xun) * difin/i - qeexid (sugid, garasho)(xidhid, adkayn) * dik/a - buuran, qara weyn, shilis * dimanĉ / o - [[Axad]] * direkt / o - xag, gees * dir / i - dhihid, odhaso, sheegid * dis- '''dis'''ŝiri - jeexid, dilaaacin (mi '''dis'''ŝiris la leteron kaj '''dis'''ĵetis ĝiajn pecetojn en ĉiujn angulojn de la ĉambro) (angulo - gees, koone)(peco / pec'''et'''o) * diskut/i - (qeexid,sharaxid)(odhasho, andacoobid) * do - hadaabe, sidaas * doktor/o - dhakhtar * dolĉ/a - macaan (wanaagsan, qaali) (maldolĉa - qadhaadh) * dom/o - guri, aqal * don/i - siin * dorm//i - seexasho (dormo - hurdo; dormĉambro - qolhurdo) * du - laba (2) * dum - markaas, muddadaas, gudeheeda === e === * e - Falkaab (Adverbo/ falkaab) '''-e'''. Eva kantas bel'''e'''. (adverbo); bon'''e''' manĝi (vidu PMEG) * -Ebl - ('''ebl'''a - suurtogal) (eblo - suurtogal)(manĝi → manĝ'''ebl'''a = tia, ke ĝi povas esti manĝata (cunid);(kalkul'''ebl'''a) * -Ec - Ili admiris la saĝeco) (saĝeco - xikmad) (yaabid, layaabid) * eĉ - xataa, weli (Li timas '''eĉ''' sian propran ombron) (ombro - hadh,hoos) * eduk/i - ( = fal) (magac: eduk/o - waxbarasho) * edz/o - (guur)/(nin, xaas)(mudane); (edz'''in'''o - afadayda, xaaskayga) * -Eg - (weyni, dherer) (domo - (guri,aqal): (dom'''eg'''o)(dom'''et'''o - yar, kis) (hundo, hun'''de'''go, hund'''et'''o - ey) * -Ej - (dormi - seexasho → dorm'''ej'''o = qolhurdo; (manĝoĉambro) (aŭ - ama) manĝ'''ej'''o - qolcunno, qolcunitaan; duŝi-duŝo-duŝ'''ej'''o - qobaysasho, maydhasho) * ek - (bilaabid) labori → '''ek'''labori = komenci labori * ekran/o - dhalada telefishanka (komputila ekrano) (kino - shaneemo) (kinaekrano - shaneemo) * eks- (waagii hore, goor hore, dhakso) (ministro - washiir, xoghaye qaran) (ministro → '''eks'''ministro = persono, kiu antaŭe estis ministro) * ekskurs/o - (bixitaan) * ekster - ka sokow * ekzempler/o - ( 1 ekzemplero de libro) (1 kitaab, 1 buug) * ekzempl / o - tusaale (ekzempl'''e''' - tusaale) * ekzist//i - (jirid : waan jirayaa) (Ne ekzistas fumo sen fajro.) (fumo - qiiq) (fajro - dab) (fumo ne estas sen fajro) * el - ka * elekt/i - doorasho * -Em - (farax) (inklino (labor: labor'''em'''a,) (manĝi: manĝ'''em'''a) (timi - tim'''em'''a) * en - gudaha * -End, (pagi → pag'''end'''a = tia ke ĝi devas esti pagata, tia ke oni pagu ĝin) (xisaabta bixi, maandhe!) * -Er, (sablo - ciid, caroo) sablo → sabl'''er'''o = ("1") grajno de sablo ("1" arabikhi, "1" ciid, "1" caroo) * esper / i - rajeyn * est//i - ahaan (fal) (mi estas somalo - Waxaan ahay Soomaali) * estr - ('''estr'''o - agaasime) (bank'''estr'''o - bangi-agaasime) (eskal/o - salaan) * -Et, (yar, kis)(dom'''et'''o); (weyni, dherer) (domo - dom'''eg'''o) * eŭrop/o - [[Yurub]] * eventual / a - (suurtogal)(laga yaabaa) * evolu//i - horumarid === f === * facil/a - fudud, sahlan, jilicsan * fak/o - maadad * fakt/o - xaqiiqo, run, dhab * fal//i - ridid, dhicin * famili / o - xaas * far/i - falid, samayn * februar / o - Fabraayo [[Febraayo]] * feliĉ/a - nasiiblow, faraxsan * fenestr/o - daaqad * ferm/i - xidhid * fest/i - dabaaldegid, ciidid, fasax ahaansho * fi- (komercisto - ganacsade) ('''fi'''komercisto - kadhexeeye, yasan); (insekto - cayayaan) ('''fi'''insekto - wasakh, usgag) * film/o - filim * fil / o - wiil * fin / i - dhammayn, gabagabyn * fiŝ / o - kaluun * flank / o - dhinac, bog * flav / a - jaalle, hurruud * flor/o - ubax * flug/i - duulid * foj/o - mar * for - tegey, fog, maqan * forges/i - ilaawid, hilmaamid * form/o - qaab (form/i - qaab u samayn, qaab u yeelid) * fort / a - xoog * fot/i sawirid, sawirqaadid * frap/i - tumid, garaacid, fanaxin * frat/o - walaal * fraŭl/o - (Ne edziĝinta viro) (wiil, kuray); (fraŭl'''in'''o) fraŭlino - '''gashaanti, gabadh''' Ne edziniĝinta vir'''in'''o. * frenez / a - waalan * fru / e - (goor) hore, kalah * funkci/o - ([[Xisaab]]) * fuŝ/i - ( bi'in, xumayn) (kuiri - karin, baylin) ('''fuŝ'''kuiri, '''fuŝ'''kuiristo, '''fuŝ'''kuiraĵo - calool iska bi'in ) === g === * gazet/o - wargeys * ge- (patro - aabee; '''ge'''patroj = patro kaj patrino) '''ge'''patroj - aabee iyo hoyoyo * glas/o - koob, dhalo, muraaayad * grand / a - weyn, dheer * gratul/i - nasiib rajeyn * grav / a - muhiim * grup/o - koox * gvid/i - hogaamin, hagid; (agaasime) * ĝeneral/a - guudahaan * ĝen/i - baajin * ĝi, - (magac-uyaal qof) (la priparolata '''aĵo''' (waax,arrin), '''besto''' (xoolo, bahal) aŭ (ama) '''infaneto''' (ilmo)) * ĝis - ilaa, (xagga, ku) * ĝust/a - sax, dhag, gaw === h === * ha - a montras ekmiron aŭ surprizon: Ha, kiel bele! (alla fiicnaydaa!) * hav / i - haysasho * hejm / o - hooy * help/i - caawin, kaalmayn * hieraŭ - shalay * histori/o - [[Taariikh]] * ho - "Ho" estas ĝenerala (guudahaan) ekkria vorteto por esprimi vivan senton: “Ho, ĉielo!” - Ah!, cir, janno! (guudahaan) * hodiaŭ - maanta * hom/o - dad, aadame, qof (hom - '''ar''' -o) (hom'''ar'''o - dadnimo, insaaniyad, aadaminimo) * hor / o - saacad, dersi * hotel/o - hudheel === i === * i - Mi volas labor'''i''' (infinitivo) voli - rabid, doonid; labori - shaqayn * ia (libro) - kitaab uun (tabelvorto) * ial, '''(tabelvorto)''': (sabab)(meelahaas) * iam - '''(tabelvorto)''': mar, waa, (meelahaas); tempo - wakhti, milay, goor * -Id - hundo → hund'''id'''o = nematura hundo; hundo - ey (kadhallinyar/ugu dhallinyar); (arbo -geed) arb'''id'''o * ide/o - fikrad * ie - meeluun '''(tabelvorto)''' * iel - si'uun, si uun (meelahaas) '''(tabelvorto)''' maniero - nooc, dariiq, si * ies, - (qofuun)(meelahaas) posedanto - hanti, maal '''(tabelvorto)''' * -Ig - (sufikso); akra - afweyn, kulul (basbaas); tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi; akra → akr'''ig'''i = agi tiel, ke io fariĝas akra: Mi akr'''ig'''as mian tranĉilon. * -Iĝ, (sufikso); akra - afweyn, kulul (basbaas); akra → akr'''iĝ'''i = fariĝi akra La ekonomia krizo akr'''iĝ'''is. Milito - dagal, dirir: La milito akr'''iĝ'''is. * -Il, (sufikso); tranĉi - jarid, gooyn; tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi; tondi → tond'''il'''o = instrumento por tondi (kiu konsistas el du klingoj): tond'''il'''o - maqas * ili - iyaga / iyagaa; magac-uyaal qof 3 pluralo * imag / i - malayn, sawirasho * -In - (sufikso); (homo - dad, aadame, qof) homo → hom'''in'''o = ina homo (dhaddig); ina - dhaddig * -Ind - (sufikso); am'''ind'''a - (naxariis); ami → am'''ind'''a = tia ke ĝi meritas esti amata; '''ind'''a korano - [[Qur'aan]] * infan / o - ilmo * inform/i - gaadsiin, waamid, wargelin * -Ing, glavo: (tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi)(milito)(Milito - dagal, dirir): glavo - glav'''ing'''o (dhaqan)(shandad) * instru/i - barid, casharsiin; (instru'''ad'''o - xiisad, dersi) * int - (Aktiva participo) leg'''int'''a = tia, ke oni antaŭe legis * inter - (inter ni - waa aniga iyo adiga) * interes/i - xiisayn (intereso - xiiso, dan) * invit/i - martiqaadid, casuumid, codsasho (invito - martiqaad) * io - (woxoogaa), inyar, kis, wax '''(tabelvorto)''' (meelahaas)+(-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * iom - woxoogaa '''(tabelvorto)''' (iom mono - woxoogaa lacaga) (meelahaas)+(-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) * iran / o - [[Iiraan]] * ir//i - tegid * is - (tege) mi labor'''is''' (mi laboris = la ago “labori” okaz'''is''' antaŭ nun) (jooge: mi laboras) * -Ism, (Budho → Budh'''ism'''o) (komuna (guudahaan)→ komun'''ism'''o)(kapitalo - maal → kapital'''ism'''o); Islamismo; * -Ist (kurac'''ist'''o - dhaktar, dabiib)(kurac / i - baanasho, (baxnaanin, lamacaaamil)) (juĝ'''ist'''o - xaakin) (polic/o - [[booliis]]); (polic'''ist'''o - [[booliis]], askari) * it. (pasiva participo it: plenumiĝo aŭ rezulto) (La ŝtelisto estis arest'''it'''a de polic'''ist'''o. (ŝtel'''ist'''o - tuug) (ŝtel/i - xadid) (polic'''ist'''o - [[booliis]], askari) * ital / o - [[Talyaaniga]] * iu - cid, qof; (qofuun, ciduun) '''(tabelvorto)''': -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) === j === * j - (dom/o - guri, aqal) - 1 dom'''o''' (singular, keli; 2 domo'''j''' (wadar) * ja - (Vi '''ja''' aŭdis per oreloj propraj) (ka xoogan, run, dhab) * jam - mar hore * januar / o - Janaayar [[Janaayo]] * japan/o - [[Jabaan]] * jar/o - sannad * je - meeleeye; Preni iun je la mano (= lia), per la mano (= sia).Konduki iun je la nazo. ''(je estas rolvorteto sen difinita signifo. Ĝenerale oni evitu je, se pli bona alternativo ekzistas.)'' * jen (adverbo) '''Jen''' la suno subiras, venas la nokto. (La suno estas subita - cadceeddii waa dhacday) * jes - haa (Respondvortoj); (jes, ja - haa waan jecelahay) * ju - (intii/markii .. waa intii) '''Ju pli''' da mono ni havos, '''des pli''' rapide kaj bone iros kompreneble nia afero. '''Ju pli''' da laborantoj estos, '''tiom pli''' rapide estos finita la granda konstruo * juli/o - [[Yulyo]] ([[Luuliyo]]) * jun/a - marras; infan'''et'''o - saqiir; junulo - barbaar; junuloj - barbaar; ŝaf'''id'''o (j) - maqal; kapr'''id'''o - maqal; ŝaf'''id'''oj kaj kapr'''id'''oj - maqal; * juni/o - [[Yunyo]] ([[Juun]]) === ĵ === * ĵaŭd / o - [[Khamiis]] * ĵet/i - saaniyey, toosin, xukumid * ĵus - haddadan, imikadan === k === * kaj - iyo * kalkul/i - xsiaabin * kamp/o - beer * kant//i - heesid, balweyn * kapabl / a - kar, awood * kapt/i - qabasho, jilaabasho, halqafid * kar / a - wanaagsan, qaali * kart/o - tigidh, taysaro, sawirdhul (landokarto de Germanujo - sawirdhuleedka Jarmalka) * kased/o - cajal; cajalad; (sanduuq) rikoodh, rikoodh ku qabasho; kasedo de magneta rubando; kasedo de magneta disko aŭ lumdisko * kaŝ/i - qarin (isquarin, dhuumasho) * kaŭz/o - sabab (kauŭz/i - tiu vorto kaŭzis la malpacon) * kaz / o - (naxwaho) (deklinacio) (''nominativo'', (ilahaansho);(kee); layeele) * ke - kaa, si ay, (Ŝajnas, ke pluvos). (muuqasho), (daid, roobid) (-os soosocde) * kelk/a - (in/wax yar) kelka'''j''' - dhawr * kia - (maxay) '''(tabelvorto)'''En infano vidiĝas, kia homo fariĝos. ''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-a eco - tayo, sifo) * kial - waayo '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-al kialo - sabab (sababtee?)) * kiam - goorma '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * kie - meel, xaggee '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * kiel - waayo '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) * kies - Kies filo vi estas? '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-es posedanto - hanti, maal) * kio - maxay, (kaa, wax)''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * kiom - intee, meeqa '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) * kiu - kuma '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)) * klar/a - cad, saafi; (klara akvo - biyo cad) * klas/o - - saf, heer, fasal; (klasĉambro - qolfasal); (societo, matematiko, botaniko); (altklasa homo; la laborista klaso;) * klav/o - (taabasho) (fure) (pianoklavo)(muusiik) (klavo de piano, klavo de tajpilo); * klopod//i - dadaalid (klopodo - dadaal, dhib) * klub / o - naadi * knab/o - wiil, kuray; knab'''in'''o - gabadh * kolekt/i - urur in; Kolekto - urur * kolor/o - midab (kolorfilmo - filim midab ah) * komenc/i - bilaabid * komerc//i - ganacsasho; (komerco - bucshiro, ganacso) * komision/o - wadar (guddi) * komitat/o - guddi * kompren / i - fahmid, kasid * komput/i - xsiaabin; (komputilo: Maŝino por komputi - (makiinadqorid/xisaab/xisaabin/xisaabaad)''(Computer)'' * komun/a - guudahaan (komuna (guudahaan)→ komun'''ism'''o) * koncern/i - khusayn * kongres/o, -(haasaawe) (konferenc /o - shir) (konference - fadhdhi / fadhi) (haasaawe) * kon / i - garasho, aqoonid * konkret / a - runtii, dhabtii (Montri tre konkrete sian dankon.) * konsent//i - heshii, guddoon, (qabbil) (ogol, waa yahy) * konsil/i - naseexee, (konsilo'''j''' - talo); (konsil'''iĝ'''i - talo wyddiin) (konsilodomo - dawladda hoose) * konsist//i - kooban (unu minuto konsistas el sesdek sekundoj) (minuto - daqiiqad) (sekundo - sugundo) * konstru/i - dhisid, ratib, (dhiso, dhis) * kontakt/o - taabo (kulan, gunud) (tashi);(kontakt'''ig'''i- (hadlid)) * kontent/a - ruaali, ( esti kontenta per - ku raali ahaan(sho) * kontraŭ - lid, xagga * kontrol/i - untuxaabudm baadgudm tuhaabub); (ekzamen/o, kritik/o) kontrolo - imitixaan, tijaabo * korb/o - dambiil * kost/i - joogid (qiimo),dhadhamin * kred / i - aaminid, rumaysasho, malayn * kresk//i - korid, kordhid * krom - ka sokow, (ka sokow/laakiin(se)); (krome - takale) * kruel / a - (awoodsheegad)(kruela kiel tigro, besto);(kruel/i - (burburin, dumin, kharibid) (kruel/o - jengeli) * kuir / i - karin, baylin (cunto karin) * kultur/o - dhaqan, ilbaxnimo * kun - weheliyo, la socoda * kupon/o - (ingiriisi: coupon/voucher) * kur//i - socosho, ordid * kurs / o - deris, waxbarasho * kuŝ//i - dhacid, oolid, jiifid (lito - sariir);(kuŝejo - sariir) * kutim/i - laasimid, qabatimid; (kutimo - caado, lassim; kutima - guud ahaan, caado ahaan) * kvankam - inkastoo * kvar - afar (4) * kvazaŭ - (marka) / (bal aan adhahno/odhano) * kvin - shan (5) === l === * la - (qodob) * labor//i - shaqayn (laboro - shaqo, hawl, waxqabasho) (laboristo - shaqaale); (esti senlabora - shaqola'aansho) * lag/o - badyaro * lakt/o - caano * land/o - dhul, dal; (pejzaĝo - bilicdhul) * larĝ/a - ballaadh * las/i - dhaafid, eyn, ogolaasho, samayn * last/a - dambe, ugu dambeeyey * laŭ - loo eego, waafqasan * lav/i - maydhid, dhaqid * lecion/o - dersi, cashar, daras, meeris * leg /i akhrisaho, akhriyid; Korano - [[Qur'aan]] * lern/i - barasho, dersid * leter / o - dhambaal, warqad * lev/i - hinjin, baacin * li - isaga (magac-uyaal qof) (li estas knabo) * liber/a - xor, bannaan * libr/o - kitaab, buug * lig/i - (guntid) (ligo- (kulan, gunud) (Alligi ŝipon al la kajo.) ((lig'''il'''o) (computer) - (iskuxiriir)) * lingv/o - hadal * literatur/o - suugaan * loĝ // i- kunoolasho, degenaasho * lok/o - meel, deegaan, goob * long / a - dheer, dherer * lud // i ciyaard (ludo - ciyaar, dheel) * lund / o - [[Isniin]] === m === * maj / o - Maayo [[Maajo]] * mal-, (cagis, lid)(cagiska, sida kale); bona (fiican, wanaagsan) → '''mal'''bona (xun); (granda - weyn, dheer) → ('''mal'''granda - yar,kis) * malgraŭ - waxkastoo * manĝ/i - cunid, cunto qaadasho; manĝo - cunto, (cuunto, quud) * manier/o - nooc, dariiq, si * mank//i - dhinaasho, maqnaasho * man / o - gacan * mard/o - [[Talaado]] * mark/o - summad, calaamad, tigidh * mar/o - [[bad]] * mart / o - [[Maarso]] * maŝin/o - makiinad, ijjin, ( tajpi - makiinad (teeb) ku qorid); (tajp'''il'''o - makiinadqorid; skribmaŝin/o - makiinadqorid;) * maten/o - aroor, subax; (Bonan matenon! - aroor/subax wanaagsan) * material/o - alaab * mem - (qodh(ayda), naf(tayda) (Mi longe interne batalis kun mi mem.) * membr/o - xubin * memor/i - xasuusasho memoro - xasuus * merkred/o - [[Arbaco]] * mesaĝ/o - war (mesaĝ/i - gaadsiin, waramid, wargelin) * met/i - jiifin, dhigid, meelayn, * metod/o - hab * mez / o - dhex, badhtame * mi - anigaa (magac-uyaal qof) (Mi amas min mem.) * miks / i - qasid, khaldid, laaqid * mil - kun (1000) * miliard / o - bilyan (1 000 000 000) * milion/o - milyan ( 1 000 000) * milit // i, (Du militas, tria profitas.) (milito - dagal, dirir);(militistaro - xoogga);(savarmeo - xoogbadbaado) * minus - naaqus (10 - 6 = 4 dek minus ses faras kvar;) * minut/o - daqiiqad * mir//i - yaabid, layaabid (miro - yaabi) (miraklo - yaab) * mis-, kompreni - fahmid, kasid → '''mis'''kompreni - khaladfahmid = kompreni erare (gaf, khalad) * moment/o - muddo, ilbidhiqsi, waxyar * monat / o, bil (monat / e - bilkasta) * mond / o - adduun * mon / o - lacag ([[Lacagta]]; ETB [[Birr]]; IQD [[Ciraaqi Diinaar]] [[Ciraaq]];USD [[Dollar]] [[Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]]; EUR [[Euro]] [[Yurub]]; KES [[Shilin Kiinyaati]] [[Kiinya]]; SOS [[Shilin Soomaali]] [[Soomaaliya]];) * mont / o - taag, buur, (haaar) * montr/i - tusid, muujin, tilmaamid * morgaŭ - aroor, subax * mort//i - dhimasho; morto - dhimasho * mov / i - dhaqaajin * mult/a - wax badan, in badan * mus/o - [[walo]]; muso; Komputilo: (Enigilo (dialoga disponaĵo) kiun la uzanto movas (ĵargone: „trenas“) sur horizontala ebeno (ekz-e sur sia tablo, prefere kovrita per musmato), tiel movante muskursoron) * muzik/o - muusiik (muziki - muusiik samayn) === n === * n. - 1. (=layeele/akuzativo): la ronda'''n''' tablo'''n''' (kiu'''n''' ?) (=layeele); 2. "n" - (xag, gees) * naci / o - qaran, ummad * naĝ//i - dabaalasho * nask/i - ka dhalasho; (nasko - dhalasho) (datreveno - (maalin)dhalasho * natur/o - dabeecad * naŭ - sagaal (9) * ne - may(a) * neces/a - lagama maarmaan * nek, * nenia - (midna, qofna, cidna) (neni- ("maya") + -a eco - tayo, sifo) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(ni bezonas '''nenian''' helpon;)'' * nenial, (neni- ("maya") + -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(li nenial ĉesis skribi al mi;)'' (ĉesi - joojin, gabagabayn) * neniam - weligeedna; (neni- ("maya") + -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(mi neniam fumis;)'' * nenie - meelaba; (neni- ("maya") + -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(nenie mi povos ĝin trovi;)'' * neniel - (neni- ("maya") + -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) ''ni neniel interesiĝas pri tio;'' '''(tabelvorto)''' * nenies - (qofnaba, cidnabe) (neni- ("maya") + -es posedanto - hanti, maal) ''Esperanto estas nenies propraĵo;'' '''(tabelvorto)''' (propraĵo - hanti, maal) * nenio - waxba; (neni- ("maya") + '''(tabelvorto)''' (ni nenio'''n''' povis vidi; '''-n''' - layeele);'' Ekzistas '''nenio''' certa sur la tero, krom tio, kion la homo posedas en sia propra brusto kaj kapo.'' * neniom - waxba (neni- ("maya") + -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(vi neniom ŝuldas al mi;)'' * neniu - qofnaba, cidnaba; (midna, qofna,cidna) (neni- ("maya") + -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''neniu'''n''' ni renkontis;'' (renkonti - helid, kulmid; -n layeele) * nepr/e - marleyba, (lagama maarmaan), * neŭtral/a - dhexdhexaad * ni - anaka / anakaa (magac-uyaal qof) ''(Ni vidas per la okuloj kaj aŭdas per la oreloj.)'' * -Nj - patrino (hooyo, maama) → Pa'''nj'''o (patrino, wanagsan, qaali) ''(Per '''NJ''' oni faras karesajn nomojn de vir'''in'''oj.)'' * nokt/o - habeen; bonan notkton - habeen wanaagsan; tranokti - uhoyasho, baryid; ''(tranokti en hotelo, sub tendo; ili manĝis kaj trinkis kaj tranoktis tie)'' * nom/o - magac * nord/o - woqooyi;[Waqooyi]]; (norda - xagga/geesta woqooyi) ; * normal/a - caadi, fayaw, miyirqab * nov/a - cusub * novembr / o - Noofeembar, [[Nofeembar]] * nu - (hadda, iminka, imika) ''(Nu, nu! Ne ploru!)'' (plor/i - ooyid, baroorasho) * nul - eber * numer/o - tiro * nun - hadda, iminka, imika * nur - keliya === o === * o - magac -o; (amik'''o'''- saaxiib; tajlor'''o''' -dawaarle, harqaanle; ĉeval'''o''' - faras; krajon'''o''', bros'''o''' - caday, burush) * -Obl - ''“multipliko”''. (du → du'''obl'''o = kvanto duobla - labanlaab) (Matematikaj esprimoj - Xisaab) * ofic/o - mammuus, maamul; xafiis; (ofic'''ej'''o - xafiis) * oft/e - badanaa, inta badan * ok - siddeed (8) * okaz//i - dhacid; kio okazis ? maxaa dhacay? Akcidento okazis - qallad baa dhacday ; ''(Okazu, kio okazi devas)'' * okcident/o - [[galbeed]]; [[Galbeed]]; (okcident/a - okcident/e - xagga galbeedka) * oktobr / o - [[Oktoobar]] * rigard / i - eegid, fiirin * vid / i - arkid * okup/i - (fadhiisaso, dagal,dirir); '''ek'''okupi - bilaabid; '' (Sin okupi pri arto.'' - (sawirid, rinjiyeyn)) * ol - marka ''(ŝi estas pli ol bela, ŝi estas belega)'' * -On, ON = “divido”.( du → du'''on'''o 1/2 - badh) (Matematikaj esprimoj - Xisaab) * oni - dad, iyaga, adiga, anaka (magac-uyyal) ''(oni kredas, ke kometoj anoncas malfeliĉon)'' * ont - (Aktivaj participoj - soosocde) ''(Viro, kiu poste leg'''os''', estas leg'''ont'''a viro.)'' * -Op - ''“grupo kun certa nombro da membroj” :du → duopo = grupo de du, paro; dek → dekopo = grupo de dek'' * opini/i - malayn, ujeedid; (opinio - aragti, ra'yi, male) * ordinar/a - guud ahaan, caado ahaan * ord/o - nidaam, habayn; ''orda'' (ama) ''ord'''em'''a'' - hagaagsan, habaysan, nidaamsan; ord'''ig'''i - nidaamin, hagaaj in, habayn, * organiz/i - dunmi, qabanqaabi, tabaabulyee; (ordo); (organiz'''aĵ'''o); organizo - abaabul, tabaabulyo * orient/o - [[bari]]; (orienta - xagga/geesta bari) * os - (soosocde) Mi vid'''os''' - Waan arki doonaa. (Morgaŭ est'''os''' lundo.)- [[Isniin]]) * ot - ''pasiva participo'' (OT - ''stato'' (xaal) ''antaŭ ago)'' ''Oni elektu OT-participon, se temas pri stato'' (xaal) ''antaŭ la ago.'' ''(Libro, kiun oni poste leg'''os''', estas leg'''ot'''a libro.)'' * ov/o - [[ukun]], ugax, beed === p === * pac/o - nabad * paĉj/o - (-aabbe) (Patro - aabbe → Paĉjo) ''(-ĉj, - ( Karesvorto por patro (aabbe): „Patreto! Pa'''ĉj'''o!“) Patro:'' (raaxo, naxariis, dareenbadan): ''Paĉjo! (Patreto!)'' * pag/i - bixin * paĝ/o - dhinac, bog * pan/o - kimis, roodhi, furin * paper/o - xaashi, warqad; (leteropapero - (ama) - leterpapero - xaashi qoritaan) * pardon/i - cafid, saamixid, raaligelin; (Pardonu! Pardonu min - iga raali ahaw!) * parol//i - hadlid; (parolo - hadal, khudbad; (paroli pri.. - hadal jeedin) * part/o - qayb, sed; (rezervparto - dayactir; wadar) * pas//i, - (dhaafid, baaraash)''(li pasis al mi - wuu i dhaafay) (pasi sur la strato, la placo, tra kampo); (paso - pasejo en monto - taag,haar) (waddo,jid); lia tago pasadis en studado;'' * patr / o - aabbe * pec/o - garooc, jab, hal, qayb, (peco da pano - hal rooti ah) * pend//i - deldelid, sudhid (''la filo dependas de sia patro'' - kuxidhnaaasho) * pens//i - malayn, fikirid * per - (meeleeye) ''(Per hakilo ni hakas; sin nutri per legomoj; hak/i - jarjar (jarid, gooyn, garaacid, tumid); (legom/o - legomo'''j''' - khudrad, noocyo khudrad) - (nutr/a - nafaqo; nutr/o - gashin, geshin; nutra manĝaĵo - (baan);'' ''plenigi botelon per akvo;)'' * perd/i - lumid, halaabid, (perdo - halaw, khassare) * perfekt/a - dhan; (dhan, buuxa)( si buuxda, dhan, idil); ''(mi komprenas perfekte - si wanaagsan ayaan u fahmayaa)'' ; ''perfekte ludi pianon;'' * period/o - ammin * permes/i - ogolaasho, yeelid * person/o - qof ; persona/persone - qof ahaan; person/'''a'''(tilmaame):'' mia person'''a''' situacio;'' person/'''e''' (falkaab): ''mi konas lin person'''e''''' * pet/i - baryid, codsasho, tuugid * pied/o - cag, lug; ''piediri - lugayn, cag ku socosho; planko - dhulka aqalka; piediranto - dadka lugta, socoto'' * plaĉ//i - cajebin, kahelid ; ''(bone plaĉas al mi - si wanaagsan bay ii cajebisey); (tre plaĉas al mi ĉi tie); plaĉa - nefis'' * plan/o - qorshe * plej - ''(Superlativo)''- plej ofte - badanka, inta badan; (Aŭgusto estas mia ''plej'' amata filo.)''forta xoog - pli forta (ol) - ka xoogan - '''plej''' forta (el) - ugu xoogan'' ''(Akceptu mian plej koran dankon.)'' * plen/a - buux * plezur /o - farax * pli - (Komperativo) ka badan; pli kaj pli - kolba ka sii badanaysa; ''(lakto estas pli nutra, ol vino);(nutr/a - nafaqo''); * plu - (i ntaa kaddib, waxa dheer, ka durugsan); '''ktp''' (k·t·p ← '''kaj tiel plu''') - '''(iwm.)''' iyo wixii la mid an (iwm.) * plur/aj - dhawr (pluraj personoj atestis tion);(pruvi - caddayn) * plus - (2 + 2 = 4 → Du plus du faras kvar.)(matematiko - [[Xisaab]]) * po - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba) '' (la drapo kostas po 2 $ dolaroj por metro (2 dolarojn por ĉiu metro);'' * poem/o - gabay * pom/o - tufaax [[Tufaax]] * popol/o - dad, qaran * popular/a - (lajecelyahay); (dad,qaran) * por - xaraf * pord / o - [[albaab]], irrid, gool * port/i - quaadid, xidhasho, sidhasho * post - (dambe, gadal); ''La virineto kaŝis sin post kelkaj altaj ŝtonoj.'' post - dabaddeed, (kaddib); post kiam - (dambe, kaddib, mardambe) (- Post kiam li alvenis, ni manĝis.) ; post tio - haddana, dabadeedna, markaana (Kvaronon da horo post tiuj vortoj ...) * poŝt/o - boos; poŝtkarto - kaadh * pov/i - karid * pra- - “antaŭ tre longa tempo, primitiva”; origino de la mondo -(asal, bilaw)(da, weynann); tempo → '''pra'''tempo = la komenca tempo de la homaro aŭ de la mondo; (avino - ayeeyo; mocooyo; avo - awow); da': (patro); gabow: (avo); kabax: '''pra'''avo, '''pra'''avino * precip/e, - (badanka) ''La lando vivas precipe el vitkultivado''; (vino - khamri) * prefer/i - bidid; doorbidid (rab)(door)('''doorbidid, kajeclaasho'''); (rabid, doonid, jeclaasho) * preleg//i - dersid (akhrsasho, akhriyid)+(publiko - dadweyne); prelego/prelego'''j''' - duruus * pren/i - qaadasho * pres/i - daabacid (libro - kitaab) * preskaŭ - dirqi, farciddideed * pret/a - diyaar; (diyaar) ''Mi estas preta preni, rompi la lancon por la vero.'' (lanco - waran, ciise) * preter - tagey, dhaafay, (dhammaad, tagey) (Li pasis '''preter''' mi - wuu i dhaafay) * prezent/i - deeqid, bandhigid, yaboohid; barid, sooqadimid, * prezid/i, - (fal)(salaan) (madaxtooyo); (prezidanto - madaxwyne, madaxweyne, guddoomiye); prezid'''e'''nto - madaxa dawladda; (Francujo, Francio - [[Faransiis]]; Germanujo, Germanio - [[Jarmal]], Usono [[Mareykan]]: prezid'''e'''nto) * prez/o - qiimo, sicir * pri - kor, dul (Prepozicio - meeleeye)''Li parolas pri leono. La temo de la prelego estas leono.'' (leono - [[Libaax]]) * princip/o - weedhweyno * printemp/o - gu'; (printemp'''e''' - gu'ga dhexdiisa); [[Gu]] * pro - sababtoo ah, waayo, maxaa yeelay ''(prepozicio)'' ''Ŝiaj dentoj frapadis pro malvarmo.'' (dento - ilig)dentisto - dhakhtarilko)(dentbroso - caday, buruushilko) * problem/o - mushkilo * produkt/i - soosaarid, (fal); produkt'''o''' - (fabrik'''ad'''o)(produkt'''ad'''o) - waxsoosaar; ''(nur '''produkto''' de mia fantazio)''; (fabriko - wershed) * program/o - barnaamij; ''(sistema programaro: Ilprogramoj de komputa sistemo necesaj por funkciigi aplikajn programojn; aplika programaro: Kolekto da aplikaj programoj por iu ekstera aplika tereno (kontraste al sistema programaro).)'' * proksim/a - dhaw; pli proksima (ol) - ka dhaw; plej proksima (el) - ugu dhaw * propon/i - kutalin, arrimin, soojeedin; propono - talo, arrin * propr/a - keed a, kiisa, wixiisa, gaar, khaas; (kun propraj okuli- indhihiisa;) (''Fidu propran okulon.'') (fido - kalsooni; fid/i - (ku) kalsoonaasno ) * prov/i - (tijaabin);''(provi instrumenton, maŝinon, ponton, ĉapelon); (instrumento - qalab, aalad)(ponto- kaabad);(ĉapelon- koofiyad);''''Montru al mi provon de via aktora arto.'' * publik/o - dadweyne * punkt/o - dhibic, joojis; ''(akurata - ballan ku beeg, ballan ilaalis)'' * pup/o - boomballo; [[دمية]]''la infano serĉis sian pupon'' (ludi - ciyaard) (kokino - digaagad,wadar, diyaad, dooro); (kokineto-digaag); [[Pupo (ludilo)]] * pur/a - nadiif, dhaqan === r === * radi/o - raadyo * rajt/o - gar,xag, qaanuun * rakont/i - kasheekayn, werin; rakonti historion - sheeko kasheekayn; rakont'''o''' - sheeko, sheekoxariiro * rapid/a - dhakhso, degded * raport/i - warbixin; (kawarramid); (raportisto - wariye; raporto - warar) * re- - haddana, mar kale; ĉiufoje (relegi) - (haddana oo haddana akhrisasho, akhriyid); saluti → '''re'''saluti = respondi saluton per saluto; diri → '''re'''diri = diri denove la saman aferon; * redakt/i - (qorid) ( gazeto - wargeys) ''(redakti artikolon, raporton, cirkuleron, leteron)'' (avizo, komunikaĵo; mesaĝo - dhambaal)(leter / o - dhambaal, warqad) (cirkulero - wareegto); (raporto - warar); * region/o, - deegaabn, gobol; (sabab); * regul/o - xeer; ([[Xisaab]]) regelmässig - joogto * reklam/o - iidheh; (xidhiidh dadweyne) * rekt/a - toos; (rekta linio - xariiq toosan; iru rekte! - toos u soco!) * renkont/i - kulmid; ''(mi renkontis lin hejme - gurigaan kula kulmay isaga)'' * respond/i - jawaabid; respondo - jawaab * rest//i - joogid, oolid * ret/o - shabaq, shebeg; '''La''' interreto - [[Internet]]; komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]];''(Por la fakuloj „la Interreto“ estas unu speciala el multaj interretoj;)'' * ricev/i - helid, qaadasho * riĉ/a - hodan; (riĉo - hodanimo; riĉ'''ec'''o - hodanimo) * rid//i - qoslid; (rid'''et'''i - ilkocaddayn)(fal); (rid'''et'''/'''o''') (magac); (rid'''ind'''a - ruwaayad, wax lagu qoslo) * rigard/i - eegid, fiirin (vid/i - arkid) * rilat/i - (fal): (mi ne povas kompreni kiel via konkludo rilatas kun viaj premisoj.) (rilato - xidhiidh); ([[Xisaab]]); (rilatoj - xiriir); (relatoj - cilaaqaad); (premiso: kondiĉo, bazo)(maksimo, principo - weedhweyno) * rimark/i - dareemid, fiirsasho * river/o - [[webi]] * romp/i - jabid, jebin; ''(rompi brako'''n''' - gacan ka jabid; rompi sian vorton - eray jebin, eray burin)'' === s === * sabat / o - [[Sabti]] * saĝ/a - xikmad, caqli; (saĝo - xikmad; saĝ'''ec'''o - xikmad);(intelekto, menso, racio - caqli) * salon/o - (manĝosalono - qolcuno, qolcunitaan); (salono, eleganta ĉambro); (qaabilid, qabasho, helid)(marti); (legosalono - kutuble, kutubhaye);(libro - kitaab, buug) * salut / i - bariidin, salaamid * sam/a -qodh(ayda), naf(tayda); ''(de sama koloro, de sama valoro)''; (kolor/o - midab); (valor/o - qiimo, qaayo) * san/a - caafimad, bedqab, fayow, esti sana caafimaad qabid, bedqabid, saniĝi - caafimaadid, raysasho, bugsasho; sanigi - bogsiin, bogsasho; sano - cafimaad; (la sana homa menso - caqli fayow; ''(sana menso en sana korpo)''; * sat/a - (tilmaame); esti sata - dhergid, fulid; ("sata malsatan ne povas kompreni" - sata homo ne povas kompreni malsatan homon) L. L. Zamenhof; C. Rogister ed.: Proverbaro esperanta, Stafeto, La Laguna, 1974 ISBN 400-7609-6 * scienc/o - [[aqoon]], [[cilmi]]; sciencisto - [[aqoonle]], [[cilmiyahan]] * sci/i - aqoonid, garasho, ogaaasho; scio - aqoon, garasho; (mi volas scii; mi deziras scii - waxaan rabaa inaan aqoodo;) * se - marka * sed - laakiine(se) * seĝ / o - kursi * sekv/i - raacid; sekve - natiijo, go'aan; * semajn/o - toddobaad; semajnfino - toddobaadka dabayaaqadiisa; (labortago - maalin toddobaadka ka mid ah); (laboro - shaqo, hawl, waxqabasho); (tag/o - maalin); * sen - la'aan, bilaa * senc / o - dareen, macne * send/i - dirid; sendi per poŝto - [[boos]] ku dirid * sent / i - dareemid * sep - toddoba (7) * septembr / o - Seteembar [[Sebteembar]] * serĉ/i - baadhid, raadin, (doon)doonid; * seri/o - saf, taxane; (televidserio, filmserio)(filmo - filim);(matematiko - [[Xisaab]]) * serv/i - adeegid * ses - lix (6) * si - naftiis, iskiis; (magac-uyaal); (Elizabeto lavas '''sin''' en la lago); (a sama persono kiel la subjekto, se tiu ne estas mi, ni aŭ vi (aŭ ci)) * sid//i - fadhiisasho * signif/i - macnaysanaasho; signifa - macne, muhiim; sifnifo - macne, muhiim; * simil/a - eki, iskumid * simpl/a - sahlan, fudud, jilicsan * simul/i - (li '''ŝainas''' esti malsana - wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu bukaan yahay); simul'''il'''o - (dayuurad, aalad, dersi, aqoon); komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]] * sinjor/o - mudane; sinjoroj! - mudanayaal! sinjoro (..)! mudaane (..); sinjoro doktoro (s-ro doktoro) - mudane dhakhtar); s-ro (..); sinjor'''in'''o (s-ino) - naag, afo; sinjorino (..) - afada (..); mia edzino - afadayda, xaaskayga; fraŭlino - gashaanti, gabadh; fraŭlino (..) - gashanantida (..); * sistem/o - hab; (nervosistemo, nervsistemo, nerva sistemo, nervo - dareeme); komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]] * situaci/o - xaalad; ''(komika situacio),(komika - maad)'' * skatol/o - baakidh, qardaas, sanduuq; nigra skatolo: (nigra - madaw), (aeroplano, aviadilo, avio - dayuurad),(akcidento - shil); (flugo - duulliin, duulitaan), (aerodromo - gegidayuurad, garoondayuurad); (alo, flugilo, (ŝvebilo) - baalal, baadad, biyaano) * skrib / i- qorid * sol/a - keli, mid * somer/o - xaggaa [[Xagaa]] * son//i - (fal); sono - cod, midab; sonbendo rikoodh; surbendigi - rikoodh ku qabasho; (surbendigilo - aaladda rikoodhka); (magnetofono - aaladda rikoodhka);(brua, laŭta - kor, sare); (mallaŭta - hoos) * special/a - khaas; eksperto, specialisto, specialisto'''j''' - khubaro; (specialiĝo - takhasus) * spec/o - nooc, dariiq, si; (iu speco da bestoj); (speci/o: „La origino de specioj“ (verko pri biologio de Ĉ. Darvino)) * spert/a - waayo'arkid, usoojoogid; sperto - waayo'aragnimo; (li havas granda'''n''' sperto'''n''' en sia fako - waayo'aragtinimo weyn buu u leeyahay shaqadiisa) * sport/o - ciyaar(o); sport/i - ciyaaro samayn; Sportisto - ciyartow * staci/o - joogsibas, joogsitareen * star // i - taagnaasho, joogid, istaagid * strat / o - waddo, jid * stud / i - dersid, jaamacad (studento - arday) * stult/a - adhlax, maansuukh, dhaandahaan; (stultulo - maansuukh, dhaandhaan ) * sub - hoos, daaf * sud/o - konfuur; [[Koonfur]] * sufiĉ/a - (kufilan), sufiĉe - kufilan; (fal): sufiĉ/i - kufilaaasho, tio sufiĉas (por ni) - intaasi kufilan (..); ''(tiu sumo ne sufiĉas;)'' * sukces//i - guulaysasho; sukceso - guul; ''(liaj verkoj havis, akiris, ricevis, ĝuis, atingis entuziasman sukceson;)'' * suk/o - fuuq * sun/o - cadceed, ([[Qorax]]); (stelo - xiddig, [[Xidig]])(stelfiguro - sumadxiddig, xiddig) * super - kor, dul * supoz/i - malayn, moodid, dasooqaadid;(supozeble - kasooqaad); ''(mi supozas, ke li baldaŭ alvenos;)'' * supr/'''e''' - kor, sare; supr'''a''' - sare, kor; ("xag + n": ''(mi staris supr'''e''' sur la monto kaj rigardis malsupr'''en'''))'' * sur - guud, kor === ŝ === * ŝaf/o - [[ido]] * ŝajn//i - (eg);(ifid), (muuqasho) (li '''ŝainas''' esti malsana - wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu bukaan yahay) * ŝanĝ/i - bedelid, doorin, sarifid; sanĝi monon (ĉe banko) - lacag sarifid (..); ''(la vento ŝanĝis sian direkton)'' * ŝat/i - rabid, doonid, jeclaasho; mi ŝatas (volonte) .. - waxxan rabaaa (aad)... * ŝi - iyada; ''(ina persono; ununombra virina pronomo de tria persono)'' * ŝip/o - [[markab]] * ŝir/i - dillaacin, jeexid * ŝtat/o - dawlaad (presid'''e'''nto - madaxa '''dawladda''')- (presid'''a'''nto - madaxweyne, guddoomiye) === t === * tabl/o - [[miis]] * tag/o - maalin [[Maalin]] * tamen - haddana, hase yeeshee/ahaatte; * task / o - hawl, shaqo * teatr/o - [[golemadadaale]] * tekst/o - (skribi vortojn); ''(Vorta konsisto de dokumento, ordinare de skribaĵo;)'' (kelmed, kelmad, erey, eray, hadal, khudbad, oroh, qowl); ''(gazeto - [[wargeys]]; libro - [[kitaab]], [[buug]]); (gazetoteksto, libroteksto)''(skribo - qoritaan, qoraal, skribisto, verkisto - qoraa; skriba - qoraal ahaan;) * telefon/o - telifoon (-i telifoonin) (telefonlibro - buugtelifoon) (poŝtelefono) * teler/o - saxan * televid/o - [[telifishan]], gogaanarag (televid/i telifishan daawasho)(televidilo - telifishan) * tem/o - arrin, ammuur, amuur''(Tio, pri kio oni parolas, skribas, verkas, pensas;)'' * temp/o - wakhti,(waqti); milay, goor; kol, beri, samaan, wakhti, jeer, kal, moog, mar, muddo, had; tempo, epoko - xilli; tempo, epoko - sabaan; tempo, epoko, okazo, ŝanco - waa; tempo,okazo, ŝanco - moogaan; tempo, okazo, ŝanco - milay; tempo, epoko, periodo - semen; tempo, epoko, periodo - seben; * ten/i - qabasho, joogsasho, hayn, (fari paroladon - hadal qabasho) ''(li faris du paroladojn en la komerca ĉambro);'' * ter/o - dhul; ([[Dhul]]) * terur/o - cabsi, baqdin, argagax; (tilmaame '''-a'''; falkaab '''-e''') horor'''a''', terur'''a''', terur'''e''' - cabsi leh, baqdin leh; * tia - taas/kaas, oo kale; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-a eco - tayo, sifo) * tial - sidaas (awgeed) darteed; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * tiam - haddana, dabadeedna, markaana; ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame)+ (-am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * tie - halkaa, meeshaa (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * tiel - (sidaa); (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si); (li estas tiel granda, kiel vi -dhererkaaguu leeyahay, isku dherer baa tihiin) * ties, - (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-es posedanto - hanti, maal)(magac-uyaal lahaansho); ''"kies panon oni manĝas, ties vorton oni parolas"'' * tim/i - cabsasho, baqasho; timo - cabsi, baqdin; (terura, terure, timinda - cabsi, baqdin); * tio - kaa, midkaa; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)); ''tio estas tre facila;'' * tiom - isla markaaba, iyo kale, (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) ''(kiom da kapoj, tiom da opinioj)'' * tiu - kan, kaa; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)); ''(tiu estas mia amiko;)'' * tra - dhex, gudub * traduk/i - turjumid; traduko, tradukado, tradukaĵo - turjun; ''(li tradukis la frazon el la somala lingvo en la germana - weedh af Soomali ah ayuu Jarmal ku turjumey;)'' * trakt/i -(fal); traktado - waanwaan; ''(trakti kun la venk'''int'''o pri la paco);'' (venko - guul) * tranĉ/i - jarid, gooyn, (kudristo, tajloro - dawaarle, harqaanle); (tranĉi drapon;)(drapo - masar, maro);(''krioj tranĉis aeron, la noktan silenton;)'' * trans - (kor, dul); ''(la popoloj loĝantaj trans la maro;)'' * tre - add; (tre granda homo; tre rapide iri; tre laŭte paroli; tre multe da akvo;) * tri - saddex (3) * trink/i - cabbid, dhamid * tro - waxbadan; ''(tro ami ludon; tro da pano;)'' * trov/i - helid * tuj - markiiba, haddiiba * turn/i - duubid, wareejin; ''(turni ŝlosilon en la seruro;)'' * tut / a - gebi, dhan, idil === u === * u - foriĝ'''u'''! - dhuumo!, baxso! isqari!(amar, farniin);(labor'''u''' = la ago “labori” estas dezirata, petata, ordonata aŭ celata) * -Uj, (mono - lacag)(sako - kiish, jawaan) mono → mon'''uj'''o = sak'''et'''o por porti monon; teo - shaah, caleenshaah, teo → te'''uj'''o; * -Ul - (ul/o - qof) (persono - qof) fremda → fremd'''ul'''o; (qof)sisheeye, (qof)qalaad; bono, bonulo,(wanaagsan) (ulo - qof) * -Um, (kovri - doboolid, dedid; sapo - saabuun); sapo → sapumi = kovri per sapo (= sapi); ''(folio → foliumi = turni la foliojn de libro por legi)'' * universal/a - caalami * universitat/o - [[jaamacad]]; (dugsi); (studento - arday; stud'''ad'''o, studio, studo - wasbarsho, aqoonkorodhsi; studi - dersid, jaamacad tagid; doktoro - dhakhtar) * unu - kow * urb/o - [[magaalo]], bender * us. ''(Se mi est'''us''' riĉa, mi ne labor'''us'''.)''(labor'''us''' = la ago “labori” estas imagata)''(Se mi estus sana, mi estus feliĉa.)'' * util/a - dheef leh, waxtarbadan; utili - faa'i i dayn, waxtarid; profito, utilo - faa'iido, dheef, waxtar; * uz/i - isticmaalid, kutagrifalid ''(uzi multe da salo)'' === v === * vagon/o - baabuur, gaadhi * valor/o - qiimo, qaayo * varm/a diiran, dugsoon * ve - ve!, ve! (lament/i, plend/i - (ka)dacwoodid); (plendo, lamento - dacwad); ''ve al ni, ni estas ruinigitaj'' * vend/i - iibin, gadid; vendisto - iibiye, gade * vendred/o - Jimce [[Jimco]] * ven//i - imasho; ''(malamiko venis en nian landon);'' (malamiko - cadaw) * venk/i (fal), venko - guul; * verk/i - shaqayn, falid, bogasho; ''verki libron, operon, raporton;''(libro - kitaab) * ver/o - run (ver/a - run, dhab) * vesper/o - fiid; Bonan vesperon! - fiid wanaagsan!(vespermanĝo - casho); vespere - fiidkii; * vest/o - lebis, hu, gashad; (robo - lebis, toob); (kapvesto/ĉapelo - koofi(yad)) * veter/o - [[cimilo]] * vetur//i - safrid, dhoofid, boqoolid * vi - adigaa; vi - idinka; via - kaaga/taaga; via - kiin/tiina * viand/o - hilib, jidh, cad; buĉisto - hilible; buĉ/i - (fal), ''(virina lango buĉas sen sango)'' * vid/i - arkid (rigard/i - eegid, fiirin)) * vilaĝ / o - tuulo * vintr/o - jiilaal [[Jiilaal]] * vir/o - nin, xaas; vira - lab; virino - naag, afo; (Ino - naag, afo); virina - dhaddig; femala - dhaddig; ina - dhaddig; * viv // i - noolasho * vizit/i - booqasho, siyaarasho; vizito - booqasho, marti, siyaaro; viziti la teatron - golaha madadaalada booqasho * vojaĝ // i - safrid, boqoolid (vojaĝ / o safr, boqool) (bona vojaĝo - safar wanaagsan!) * voj / o - waddo, jid * vol / i - rabid, doonid * vort / o - eray, (erey) === z === * zorg /// i - daryeelid, dhawrid (zorg /o - werwer, walaac, daryeel) ------------------- (Elŝutita el "http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 {{Wayback|url=http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 |date=20110514095728 }}" Laste redaktita je 09:24, 27. Jun 2010.) == Il - ''Fonto'' (Jarmal) == * [http://www.esperanto.de/gej/elshutoj/soleichtschwarz2_UM.pdf '''Il''' ''- (Fonto: © DEJ 12-2001; kaj © H.J.) folio en germana lingvo: SO LEICHT IST ESPERANTO ! DEJ'' www.esperanto.de] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto.de/gej/elshutoj/soleichtschwarz2_UM.pdf |date=20100714125857 }} == ''Esperanto-afriko.org'' / Waxbarasho == * [http://esperanto-afriko.webs.com/kursojcourscourses.htm ''(Helpo'': '''www. esperanto-afriko.org.'''''(kurso en araba lingvo)''] {{Wayback|url=http://esperanto-afriko.webs.com/kursojcourscourses.htm |date=20110722011930 }} == Waxbarasho == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php a,b,c - (ilmo) (= '''waxbarasho''') 30 afaf qalaad '' kursoj 30 lingvoj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} * [http://ar.lernu.net waxbarasho - kurso en araba lingvo] {{Wayback|url=http://ar.lernu.net/ |date=20080207113108 }} لِرنو: موقع تعليمي لإسبرانتو == Qaamuus Soomaali-Ingiriis-Jarmal == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_153&products_id=2157&osCsid=v5epgkn1nf7bgr9fsm66a3aibe6ske87 ''Vortaro germana - somala somala - angla - germana, 302 paghoj, 4-a eldonejo 2009; Mohammed Ali Farah / Dietmar Heck Somali Wörterbuch Deutsch-Somali / Somali-Englisch-Deutsch'' '''Qaamuus Jarmal-Soomali Qaamuus Soomaali-Ingiriis-Jarmal Mohammed Ali Farrah; Dietmar Heck''' © ''Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 1990/2009 (jaro 1990:'' ISBN 3-87118-939-1 ''jaro 2009:'' ISBN 978-3-87548-055-9. (www.buske.de)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_153&products_id=2157&osCsid=v5epgkn1nf7bgr9fsm66a3aibe6ske87 |date=20110812034711 }} == Qaamuus ''ttt / www'' == * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf qaamuus Af-esperanto - Af-soomali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf |date=20120419195944 }} * [http://www.reocities.com/lilandr/lingvoj/somala/eo-so01.html Liland Brajant ROS’ - '''Qaamuuska Af-Soomaali- Af-Esiperaanto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.reocities.com/lilandr/lingvoj/somala/eo-so01.html |date=20131006213342 }}''' * [http://www.reta-vortaro.de ttt - www - Qaamuus/''vortaro'' : www. reta-vortaro.de] * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php a, b, c, lernu.net ''(“Pri la Fundamento“) bildvortaro, vortaro (30 lingvoj)''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php qaamuus - ''bildvortaro''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php |date=20120128111830 }} * [http://www.markacadey.net/dictionary-index.htm Qaamuus Somali - Ingriis / Dictionary English - Somali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.markacadey.net/dictionary-index.htm |date=20100830095940 }} == Qaamuus Esperanto-Jarmal == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2283&osCsid=2c4mu7ujmvq6a1s29brgn4djcu2rbmto Qaamuus]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} vortaro: Krause Esperanto- Deutsch (Jarmal), © Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 1999 ISBN 3-87548-193-3 www.buske.de == Qaamuus Jarmal-Esperanto == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2785&osCsid=psbk841q86qi1lft4lp8lmqmvjam5on1 '''Qaamuus'''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2785&osCsid=psbk841q86qi1lft4lp8lmqmvjam5on1 |date=20110819212739 }},''vortaro Krause Deutsch'' (Jarmal)-''Esperanto'' © Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 2007 ISBN 978-3-87548-466-3 www.buske.de == Waxbarasho "Pri la fundamento" == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/fundamento/reguloj/regulo0.php (“''Pri la Fundamento''“)] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/fundamento/reguloj/regulo0.php |date=20100627175745 }} quaamuus-sawir ''bildvortaro'', qaamuus vortaro, 30 afaf qalaad ''(30 lingvoj)'' www.lernu.net * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/index.html ''FUNDAMENTO DE ESPERANTO Antaŭparolo; Gramatiko: GRAMMAIRE (Gramatiko Franca); GRAMMAR ( — Angla); GRAMMATIK ( — Germana); ГРАММАТИКА ( — Rusa); GRAMATYKA ( — Pola);Ekzercaro, Universala Vortaro''] == Waxbarasho "ilmo" / ''infanoj'' == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php '''ilmo''' / ''infanoj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} www.lernu.net ''porinfanaj kursoj'' == Qaamuus-sawir ''bildvortaro de lernu.net'' == * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/66.php (bahalo) /'' mamuloj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/66.php |date=20120210065544 }} www.lernu.net == Qaamuus "kontakto-Vortlisto" 884/414 == * [http://de.lernu.net/grafikajhoj/biblioteko/gazetoj/facila_vortolisto.pdf qaamuus 884/414 eray] {{Wayback|url=http://de.lernu.net/grafikajhoj/biblioteko/gazetoj/facila_vortolisto.pdf |date=20110831222027 }} ''Vortlisto “facile / tre facile” 2006 © Kontakto (884 / 414 vortoj) '' == Qaamuus "Juna amiko" == * [http://de.lernu.net/biblioteko/gazetoj/juna_amiko/vortlisto.php Vortlisto "''Juna amiko''"] {{Wayback|url=http://de.lernu.net/biblioteko/gazetoj/juna_amiko/vortlisto.php |date=20110216015653 }} == Qaamuus Kompaktdisko KD - CD == * [http://www.books.ch/shop/action/productDetails/5818776/esperanto_kauderwelsch_aussprachetrainer_cd_3831762201.html;jsessionid=8651180039E34FA12DD9C21F1EF97872.www03?aUrl=90007790]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''KD Kompaktdisko / CD (ad volumo 56) Esperanto Dahmann / Pusch Eldonejo Peter Rump GmbH D-33649 Bielefeld Reise Know-How Rump GmbH September 2006 - Audio-CD'' ISBN 3831762201 EAN: 9783831762200 (www.books.ch) == Qaamuus akademio-de-esperanto == * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/akademia_vortaro/index.html?tt=1279022574 quaamuus] miis = ''tablo'' '''tabl'''/ tabl/o www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/ == Naxwaha - kitaab - ''Gramatiko-tabelo kaj libroj'' == * [http://www.svisa-esperanto-societo.ch/de/grammatik.html (''gramatika tabelo esperanto'' - jarmal)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.svisa-esperanto-societo.ch/de/grammatik.html |date=20120525120041 }} * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2780&osCsid=1v2cqju6nuqvj1ulh0mfc9k8mu6tncce Dirk Willkommen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2780&osCsid=1v2cqju6nuqvj1ulh0mfc9k8mu6tncce |date=20110819212650 }} (jarmal) ''(Esperanto-grammatika-libro) ''Dirk Willkommen Esperanto-Grammatik Eine Lerner- und Referenzgrammatik 2a eldonejo 2007. XIV, 132 paghoj.'' EAN: 978-3-87548-475-5. [http://www.buske.de/index.php?cPath=1_113&osCsid=937vtpqqpqjgoks38bemm7r9bpnm3o4o&content=recherche] (www.buske.de)'' * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/terminoj.php ''gramatiko''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/terminoj.php |date=20100714181519 }} (www.lernu.net) * [http://www.bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html detala gramatiko PMEG, '''naxwaha PMEG'''] == waxbarasho jarmal - soomaali == * [http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?ISBN=3-89645-571-0 ''Catherin Griefenow-Mewis Lehrbuch des Somali, Köln 2004] {{Wayback|url=http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?ISBN=3-89645-571-0 |date=20060113013930 }} '''jarmal''' ISBN 978-3-89645-571-0 ''Lehrbuch des Somali'', ''Eine praktische Einführung'' ''Reihe: Afrikawissenschaftliche Lehrbücher Band 16'', ''2004 350 Seiten'', ''zahlreiche Tabellen und Übersichten'' == Ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo == * [http://esperanto.cri.cn chinia esperanta retpagho = ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo] * [http://esperanto.cri.cn/621/2009/06/22/1s97661.htm pri Somalio] {{Wayback|url=http://esperanto.cri.cn/621/2009/06/22/1s97661.htm |date=20110902003651 }} == Wikimedia == * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto?uselang=soomaaliga commons.wikimedia] [[Category:Esperanto]] [[Category:Afbarasho]] [[Category:Afafka]] tbdoh69pe2f2ay235og9lasy5nsskqk 306078 306076 2026-08-28T02:52:57Z Soalt 39618 306078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Af Esberanto''' waa luqadda ugu caansan ee la dhisay. Esberanto waxay abuurtay luqadda si ay u fududayso xidhiidhka caalamiga ah. Ujeeddadiisu waxay ahayd inuu Esberanto u qaabeeyo qaab ay dadku u baran karaan si ka sahlan luqadaha kale ee qaranka. =Baro luqadda esberanto= ==Waxbarasho== ''Internacia Lingvo Kurso - somala lingvo'' ''(Helpo: www. esperanto-afriko. org. (kurso en araba lingvo); www. lernu.net kursoj'' (= waxbarasho) ''wwww. esperanto.de (© traduko en somala lingvo: H. J.)'' [[File:Jubilea_simbolo.svg|thumb|Jubilea simbolo]] [[File:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg|thumb|flago de Esperanto]] ''La internacia lingvo - ESPERANTO estas lingvo facila.'' == Alifba’da soomaaaliga == ''somala araba alfabeto'' ('''=alifba’da soomaaaliga'''): ‘, B, T, J, X, KH, D,R, S, SH, DH, C, G, F, Q, K, L, M, N, W, H, Y, A, E, I, O, U,) == Alifba’da ''"internacia lingvo"'' - ESPERANTO == -, B, T, J, - , -, D, R, S, - , - , C, G, F, - , K, L, M, N, - , H, - , A, E, I, O, U, Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ Ĉ = (TSH) Ĉilio, G = (J) germanio, germanujo (=Jarmal) , Ĥ = (KH) Ĥemio (=Kiimika, kimistari), J = (i) Junio (=Yunyo); Julio (=Yulyo); J = Jordanio (i), Ĵ = ĵurnalo (=wargeys); Ŝ = (SH) ŝipo (= markab); Ŭ = aŭto (= baabúur) == Alifba’da ESPERANTO == (dhihid: 34 Waxbarasho "ilmo" / infanoj) ''Prononoco kaj alfabeto'': “Afr'''i'''ko”, "hot'''e'''lo", "am'''i'''ko", "kontin'''e'''nto". [[File:Alfabeto de Esperanto.png|thumb| ESPERANTO - Alfabeto de Esperanto]] [[File:Signuno_abc.gif|thumb| Alfabeto de Esperanto]] Alifba’da ESPERANTO - ''ALFABETO'' Aa, Bb, Cc, '''Ĉĉ''', Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, '''Ĝĝ''', Hh, '''Ĥĥ''', Ii, Jj, '''Ĵĵ''', Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, '''Ŝŝ''', Tt, Uu, '''Ŭŭ,''' Vv, Zz. Nomoj de la literoj: a, bo, co, '''ĉo''', do, e, fo, go, '''ĝo''', ho, '''ĥo''', i, jo, '''ĵo''', ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, '''ŝo''', to, u,''' ŭo''', vo, zo. Ekzemploj: c = : cigaro (=sigaar), princo (ingiriis: prince) s = : kiso (=dhunkasho) v = : varma (=diiran) z = : rozo (ubax) * '''Ĉĉ, Ĝĝ, Ĥĥ, Ĵĵ, Ŝŝ, Ŭŭ''' * Ĉ = Ĉado (= “Cado-“dhul) * ĝ = ĝangalo (kayn, juq, hawd) * ĥ = jaĥto; (markab) * ĵ = ĵurnalo (wargeys) * ŝ = ŝipo (markab) * ŭ = aŭtobuso (koryeeri, bas) (Vikipedio cx= ĉ, gx= ĝ, hx= ĥ, jx= ĵ, sx= ŝ, ux= ŭ) dhambaal: * ĉ (cx), ama '''ch''', * ĝ , (gx) ama '''gh''', * ĥ (hx) ama '''hh''', * ĵ (jx) ama ,'''jh''', * ŝ (sx) ama '''sh''' * ŭ (ux) ama '''u''' ''Ekzemplo : chinia esperanta retpagho = ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo'' == Naxwe ''Gramatiko'': Qodob == '''la''' (= ''artikolo'' / qodob ) * '''''la tablo''''' - miis * ''tablo'' - (= 1 ''tablo'' / = 1 miis ) == Magac == (''Substantivo'' / magac) '''-o''' dom'''o''' (=guri) (''dom / o'' ''dom-'''o''''') == Tilmaame == (''Adjektivo'' / tilmaame) '''-a''' grand'''a''' : (=weyn) grand'''a''' domo - == Wadar == (''Pluralo'' / wadar) '''-j''' : ''granda'''j''' domo'''j''''' == Falkaab == (''Adverbo''/ falkaab) '''-e'''. Eva kantas bel'''e'''. ''(adverbo)'' - Eva estas bel'''a'''. ''(adjektivo)'' (''kantas'' = heesid) (''bele/bela'' = qurux, wacan) == Layeele == (''deklinacio'') * 1. (''nominativo''): la ronda tablo - (kiu?) * 2. (''akuzativo''): la ronda'''n''' tablo'''n''' (kiu'''n''' ?) (=layeele) * de la ronda tablo (miis) * al la ronda tablo (''ronda'' = wareeg, kuusan) (xag, gees - ''direkto''): en la parko (jardiinio) - en la parko'''n''' >(jardiino) (tegid) '' mi iras en la parko'' / '' mir iras en la parko'''n''''' (tegid gudaha) == Magaacuyaal == * (''personaj pronominoj''): (magaacuyaal) * mi - (anigaa) ------------------- ni (anaka) * vi - (adigaa) ------------------- vi (idinka) * li - (persono) (isaga) --------- ili (pluralo) (iyaga) * ŝi - (persono) (iyada) --------- oni (dad, iyaga, adiga, anaka) * ĝi - (objekto, ideo) (isaga)----- si (qodhidiis,naftiisa, qodhideed) == magac-uyaal lahaansho - ''posedaj pronomoj'' == ''posedaj pronomoj'' + '''-a''': (magac-uyaal lahaansho) mi'''a''' - vi'''a''' - li'''a''' - ... * mi'''a''' amiko (saaxhiib), * vi'''a''' hundo (=ey), * li'''a''' hundo == (magac) - ''deklinacio'' == * (''deklinacio''): * mi (1. ''nominativo''), * de mi, * al mi , * min (2. ''akuzativo''),. == isbarbardhigid - ''Komparado'' == * (''Komperativo'') '''pli''' * (Superlativo) '''plej''' : * forta * pli forta ('''ol''') * plej forta ('''el''') * ''forta'' xoog - * ''pli forta (ol)'' - ka xoogan - * ''plej forta (el)'' - ugu xoogan == Fal; jooge == ''Konjugado'' - ''Verbo'' / fal ''Prezenco'' / jooge: ''' - as''' mi am'''as''' vin , vi am'''as''' vin, li am'''as''' vin (jeclaysasho) ('''vin'''=layeele) == Fal; tege == ''Preterito''/ tege '''-is''': mi am'''is''' vin, vi amis vin, li amis vin ('''vin'''=layeele) == Fal; soosocde == ''Futuro'' / soosocde '''-os''': mi am'''os''' vin, vi amos vin, li amos vin (vin=layeele) == Fal;(''kondicionalo'') == ''Kondicionalo'' '''-us''' mi am'''us''' vin (vin=layeele) == Fal;(''imperativo'') == ''Imperativo'' '''-u''' am'''u''' min! diru! - (dheh , dhah) == Fal; (''Infinitivo'') == ''Infinitivo'' '''-i''': Mi volas lern'''i''' '''la internacian lingvon''' = Mi volas lern'''i''' '''Esperanton''' ('''-n''' =layeele) * Tobio estas hundo. (ey) * Marko karesas hundo'''n'''. (salaaxid) (hundo'''n'''=layeele) * Marko estas amiko de Maria. (saaxiib) * Maria salutas amiko'''n''' kaj vidas hundo'''n'''. (bariidin /arkid) (amiko'''n'''=layeele) == Weyddiin / ''demanda frazo'' == ''Demanda frazo'': ''' Ĉu ?''' * Ĉu vi komprenas min? Jes, mi komprenas vin. * Ne, mi ne komprenas vi'''n'''. (fahmid, kasid) * Ĉu vi komprenas vorto'''n'''? (vorton=layeele) * Mi ne komprenas vorto'''n''' = eraygaa ma fahmin * Vorto'''n''' ne komprenas mi = eraygaa ma fahmin * Vorto'''n''' mi ne komprenas = eraygaa ma fahmin == Tabelo de korelativaj vortoj == === Silabo i === * '''"i";''' (meelahaas) === Antaŭsilaboj === * k+'''i'''+... ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin * t+'''i'''+... ti- indikvorto - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame) * '''i-''' (meelahaas) * ĉ+'''i'''+ ... ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan) * ne+n + '''i'''- neni- ("maya") * '''Antaŭsilabo''' - '''Mallonga klarigo''' (-qeexniin, sharax) * ki- kio - maxaa/maxay; kiu - kuma demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin * ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame) * i- iu - cid, qof * ĉi- ĉiu - midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba * neni- neniu - qofnaba, cidnaba * (5 x 9 = 45 korelativaj vortoj - tabelvortoj): === Postsilaboj === '''Postsilabo''' - '''Mallonga klarigo'''(-qeexniin, sharax) * -o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas) * -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) * -a eco - tayo, sifo * -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si * -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob * -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor * -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) * -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * -es posedanto - hanti, maal === 45 korelativaj vortoj - tabelvortoj: === * kio - tio - io - ĉio - nenio - * kiu - tiu - iu - ĉiu - neniu - * kia - tia - ia - ĉia - nenia - * kiel - tiel - iel - ĉiel - neniel - * kie - tie - ie - ĉie - nenie - * kiam - tiam - iam - ĉiam - neniam - * kiom - tiom - iom - ĉiom - neniom - * kial - tial - ial - ĉial - nenial - * kies - ties - ies - ĉies - nenies - == Tirooyinka caadiga ah == ''Nombro, Nombrado, arabo cifero'' (= tiro) , ''araboj ciferoj'' (Tirooyinka caadiga ah) * nul 0 * unu 1 --- ses 6 --- dek unu 11 --- cent 100 * du 2 --- sep 7 --- dekdu 12 --- ducent 200 * tri 3 --- ok 8 --- dudek 20 --- mil 1000 * kvar 4 --- nau 9 --- dudek unu 21 --- du mil 2000 * kvin 5 --- dek 10 --- tridek 30 --- du mil unu 2001 * "miliono" 1'000’000 ''roma cifero'': I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X C M "Bonan nokton!" (habeen wanaagsan!) == Tirooyinka habaysan == ''kardinalaj numbroj'' '''-a''': (Tirooyinka habaysan) unu'''a''': 1. (kowaad) du'''a''': 2. (labaad) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- == Iskudarid == * hore: * ek- iri / ekiri (tegid / soco! tegid) * mal- ''rapida / malrapida'' - (dhakhso / aadyar ) (=cagis, lid) ''hela / malhela'' ( furan /mugddi) * mis- kompreni / miskompreni - (fahmid / khalad-fahmid) * re- vidi / revidi - (arkid / dib u arkid) * vir- bovo (lo’) / virbovo (lo’{lab} / (bov'''in'''o - lo’{dhegid} ) == dabadeed == * -ar - arbo / arbaro geed / kayn,yuq, hawd * -aĉ - hundo / hundaco ey / ey >xun <qiimo * -ebl- legi - legebla- akhrisasho />suurtogal * -et- ŝnuro / ŝnureto xadhig / >qaroyar * -eg- ŝnuro / ŝnurego xadhig / >buuran * -ej- lerni / lernejo (baran, barasho /dugsi) * -ig- pura / purigi (nadiif / nadiifin) * -iĝ- blinda / blindigi (indhoole / indhoole > noqosho) * -il- skribi / skribilo - (qorid / qalinqori (makiinadqorid) * -in- bovo / bovino / (virbovo) (lo’) / (bovino - lo’{dhegid} ) virbovo (lo’{lab} ) * -ind- vidi / vidinda arkid / arkid (qaayo/qiimo leh) (qiimo, qaayo) * -ist- baki / bakisto moofayn / moofaale * -ul- fremda / fremdulo (shisheeye / qofshisheeye (ulo = qof) * sana - caafimaad * malsana - bukaan * sanigi - bogsiin, bogsasho * malsanigi - duryid, >bukaan >noqosho * malsanulo - buke * masanulejo- cusbitaal * sanigilo - dawo * sanigebla - bogsiin, bogsasho >suurtogal (Waxbarasho ''Kursoj'': www.esperanto-afriko.org - www.lernu.net) == Qaamuus == === a === * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf ''Malgranda vortaro''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf |date=20120419195944 }} - '''Qaamuus internacia lingvo - Soomaali''' (© DEJ 12-2001) * aĉeti - iibin * agi - falid, shaqayn hawlgelin * ami - jeclaan * ankaŭ - kalóo * antaŭ - hortéeda * antaŭ - hortíisa * (..) ------ * [http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 ''Quaamuus'' internacia lingvo "Radikoj-685" ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 |date=20110514095728 }}: '''''[[uea Universala Esperanto Asocio]]''' '' * ''ekzemploj'': 1. ''afriko = afrik / o afrik - = (radiko) + (finaĵo) -o = afriko'' 2.''adreso = adres / o adres- = (radiko) + (finajho) - o = "adreso"'' * a - (Tilmaame /''Adjektivo'') '''-a''' grand'''a''' : (=weyn) grand'''a''' domo - * -Aĉ - (1.''abomena'') 2. raalila'aan * aĉet / i - libin * -Ad - (qaadasho, gaadhid, socosho, joogto) * adres / o - cinwaan * aer / o - havo * afer / o - kaalin, munaasabad; daas, ganacsi, shaqo; wax, arrin; * afrik / o - [[Afrika]] * ag / i - falid, shaqayn, hawlgelin; * aĝ / o - da, weynaan, gabow; * aĥ! - (alla fiicnayda); (ah!)( maya, hay dhihin); (yaab),((la)yabid); (fajacid); amakaag, yaab, amaakaag, fajac * ajn - (Jarmal: ''auch immer, auch nur, überhaupt'') (iyana, asana, ana) (marwalba, markastaba),(keliya),(guud ahaan, gebi ahaan) * -Aĵ, - (Jarmal: ''Suffix'') wax, walax, * akcept/i - (qaadasho, yeelind, moodid, kasooqaadid) * akv /o - biyo [[Biyo]] * al - (ilaa, ka)(xagga) (ku) * ali / a - ka, kale, midkale * almenaŭ - ugu yaran, ugu yaraan * alt / a - kor (pli alta - ka kore) (pley alta - ugu koraysa) * amas / o - dadweyne, wadar; urur, wadar, tiro, xaddi * ambaŭ - labadaba * amerik / o -Maraykan, Ameerikaa ([[Maraykanka assalkoodii]];[[Maraykan]],[[Mareykan]],[[Ameerika]];'''[[Ameerikada koonfureed]]''';[[Woqooyiga Ameerika]],[[Maksiko]];[[Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]]) * am / i - jeclaan * amik/o - saaxiib (amikeco - saxiibtinimo) * -An - (xubin) (an / o - xubin) * ankaŭ - kalóo * ankoraŭ - weli * anstataŭ - bedel * -Ant - juĝ'''ant''' / o juĝanto xaakin; (leg / i, - akhrisaho, akhriyid; leg'''ant''' / o) * antaŭ - hortíisa, hortéed * aparat / o - aalad * apart/a - faquuq (feraari, kalasooc) * apenaŭ - dhif (..) * aper // i - muuqasho, soobixid (apero sur la scenejo; aper(aĵ)o) * april / o - [[Abriil]] * apud - agteeda, agtíisa * -Ar - (arbo - geed; arb'''ar'''o - kayn, juq, hawd)(ŝafo - ido, ŝaf'''ar'''o - 10,12,...100 ŝafoj) * aranĝ / i - habayn (nidaam, amar) * artikol / o - qodob, qodobgarasho * art / o - [[fan]], ka; artisto - [[fanaan]]; artaĵo / belartaĵo - shaqo fanaan * as - ('''jooge''') (mi vid'''as''' - Waan arkaa; ni laŭd'''as''' - Waan amaanaynaa; li rest'''as''' - Wuu joogayaa) * asoci / o - (bulsho); (midayn); (kulan, shir)(xubin); * aspekt // i - muuqasho * at - pasiva participo; daŭrado aŭ ripetado: La letero estas skrib'''at'''a de mi. * atend / i - sugid * atent/a - wedan, isjir * ating / i - gaadhid (atingi trenon - taareen gaadhid) * aŭ - ama * aŭd / i - maqlid * aŭskult / i - dhegeysasho * aŭgust / o - [[Agoosto]] * aŭstrali/o - [[Australia]] * aŭtobus / o - koryeeri, bas; [[Bas]]; (haltejo (aŭ) stacio de aŭtobuso - joogsibas, joogsikoryeeri) * aŭtomobil / o - baabuur, [[Baabuur]] (Aŭtovojo - jidweyne);(Aŭtoisto (aŭ) veturigisto - babuurwade, darawal); (aŭt/i - baabuur wadid, baabuur kaxayn) (Aŭtoriparejo - geerashbaabuursamayn) (aŭtoasekuro - caymisbaabuur)(aŭtokuro - baabuurbaratan);(Aŭtonegocisto )(aŭ) (Aŭtokomercisto) - ganacsadebaabuur) * aŭtun/o - dayr [[Dayr]] * av / o - awow (avino - ayeeyo, mocooyo) * azi / o - [[Aasiya]] === b === * baldaŭ - hore, markiiba, degdeg * banan/o - muus; [[Muus]] * baz/o - (..); (cag,lug; dhulka aqalka)(weedhweyno) * bedaŭr / i - kaxumaasho * bel / a - qurxóon * best / o - xoolo, bahal; bahalo * bezon / i - baahasho, doonid * bibliotek / o - kutuble, kutubhaye; [[Maktabad]];[[Buug]] * bild / o - sawir; [[Mishelangelo]] * bilet/o - tigidh dhoff * bird/o - [[shimbir]]; (struto - [[Goronyo]])(aglo - [[Dafo]]) * bo- - (patro - via '''bo'''patro → la patro de via edzino / filo → via '''bo'''filo = la edzo de via filino) * bon / a - fiican, wanaagsan * botel/o - dhalo, quraarad [[Dhalo]] * bril//i - dhalaalid, wedhwedhid === c === * cel / o - ujeeddo, -ada * cent - boqol * cert /a (certa esti) - badbaadíd === ĉ === * ĉambr / o - qol * ĉar - maxaayeelay * ĉarm/a - (naxariis) ((si)saaxiib)(waad ku hagaagsan tahay) * ĉe - aktiis, xaggiisa * ĉef / a - badanka (madax,ugaas) (muhiim); (ĉefurbo - magaalo-madax, caasimad) * ĉeval/o - faras [[Faras]] * ĉi - ( ĉi-kune - wadajir) * ĉia - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba)(nooc, dariiq, si) '''(Tabelvorto)'''(ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -a eco - tayo, sifo) * ĉial - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba) (sababtee) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * ĉiam - marvalba, markastaba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * ĉie - meelwalba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * ĉiel - (idil, giddi, dhammaan) (nooc, dariiq, si) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) * ĉies - (qofwalba, cidwalba) '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -es posedanto - hanti, maal) * ĉio - waxkaste,dhammaan '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * ĉiom - waxkaste, dhammaan '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) * ĉirkaŭ - meelahaas, ugu dhawaan * ĉiu - midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba '''(Tabelvorto)''' ĉi- - (idil, giddi, dhammaan)+ -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)) * -ĉj, - ( Karesvorto por patro (aabbe): „Patreto! Pa'''ĉj'''o!“) Patro (aabbe): (raaxo, naxariis, dareenbadan): Paĉjo! (Patreto!) * ĉu - inaan (weyddiin, su'aalid) ('''Ĉu''' vi komprenas min? — Jes, mi komprenas vin!) === d === * da - (unu kilogramo '''da''' pano) (1 litro '''da''' lakto)(peco da pano - hal rooti ah) ''(La riĉulo havas mult'''e''' '''da''' mono)'' * dank / i - mahadin * dan / o - homo de Danujo ([[Denmark]]) * daŭr//i - qaadasho, gaadhid, socosho * de - ka * decembr/o - Diiseembar [[Diseembar]] * decid/i - goosasho, go'aamin * deĵor//i - adeegid (deĵoro - shaqo, adeeg) * dek - toban (10) * dekstr / a - midig (dekstre - midig, geesta midigta) * demand/i - weyddiin, su'aalid * des - intuu, intii (je pli li laboras, des pli monon li ricevas - intuu shaqada sii badiyaba, waaa ka sii lacag badnaanayaa) * dev/i - waajibid * dezir/i - rajeyn * diabl/o - ibliis; shaydhaan; shaydhaan cas (magac) (tilmaame: diabl/a - xun) * difin/i - qeexid (sugid, garasho)(xidhid, adkayn) * dik/a - buuran, qara weyn, shilis * dimanĉ / o - [[Axad]] * direkt / o - xag, gees * dir / i - dhihid, odhaso, sheegid * dis- '''dis'''ŝiri - jeexid, dilaaacin (mi '''dis'''ŝiris la leteron kaj '''dis'''ĵetis ĝiajn pecetojn en ĉiujn angulojn de la ĉambro) (angulo - gees, koone)(peco / pec'''et'''o) * diskut/i - (qeexid,sharaxid)(odhasho, andacoobid) * do - hadaabe, sidaas * doktor/o - dhakhtar * dolĉ/a - macaan (wanaagsan, qaali) (maldolĉa - qadhaadh) * dom/o - guri, aqal * don/i - siin * dorm//i - seexasho (dormo - hurdo; dormĉambro - qolhurdo) * du - laba (2) * dum - markaas, muddadaas, gudeheeda === e === * e - Falkaab (Adverbo/ falkaab) '''-e'''. Eva kantas bel'''e'''. (adverbo); bon'''e''' manĝi (vidu PMEG) * -Ebl - ('''ebl'''a - suurtogal) (eblo - suurtogal)(manĝi → manĝ'''ebl'''a = tia, ke ĝi povas esti manĝata (cunid);(kalkul'''ebl'''a) * -Ec - Ili admiris la saĝeco) (saĝeco - xikmad) (yaabid, layaabid) * eĉ - xataa, weli (Li timas '''eĉ''' sian propran ombron) (ombro - hadh,hoos) * eduk/i - ( = fal) (magac: eduk/o - waxbarasho) * edz/o - (guur)/(nin, xaas)(mudane); (edz'''in'''o - afadayda, xaaskayga) * -Eg - (weyni, dherer) (domo - (guri,aqal): (dom'''eg'''o)(dom'''et'''o - yar, kis) (hundo, hun'''de'''go, hund'''et'''o - ey) * -Ej - (dormi - seexasho → dorm'''ej'''o = qolhurdo; (manĝoĉambro) (aŭ - ama) manĝ'''ej'''o - qolcunno, qolcunitaan; duŝi-duŝo-duŝ'''ej'''o - qobaysasho, maydhasho) * ek - (bilaabid) labori → '''ek'''labori = komenci labori * ekran/o - dhalada telefishanka (komputila ekrano) (kino - shaneemo) (kinaekrano - shaneemo) * eks- (waagii hore, goor hore, dhakso) (ministro - washiir, xoghaye qaran) (ministro → '''eks'''ministro = persono, kiu antaŭe estis ministro) * ekskurs/o - (bixitaan) * ekster - ka sokow * ekzempler/o - ( 1 ekzemplero de libro) (1 kitaab, 1 buug) * ekzempl / o - tusaale (ekzempl'''e''' - tusaale) * ekzist//i - (jirid : waan jirayaa) (Ne ekzistas fumo sen fajro.) (fumo - qiiq) (fajro - dab) (fumo ne estas sen fajro) * el - ka * elekt/i - doorasho * -Em - (farax) (inklino (labor: labor'''em'''a,) (manĝi: manĝ'''em'''a) (timi - tim'''em'''a) * en - gudaha * -End, (pagi → pag'''end'''a = tia ke ĝi devas esti pagata, tia ke oni pagu ĝin) (xisaabta bixi, maandhe!) * -Er, (sablo - ciid, caroo) sablo → sabl'''er'''o = ("1") grajno de sablo ("1" arabikhi, "1" ciid, "1" caroo) * esper / i - rajeyn * est//i - ahaan (fal) (mi estas somalo - Waxaan ahay Soomaali) * estr - ('''estr'''o - agaasime) (bank'''estr'''o - bangi-agaasime) (eskal/o - salaan) * -Et, (yar, kis)(dom'''et'''o); (weyni, dherer) (domo - dom'''eg'''o) * eŭrop/o - [[Yurub]] * eventual / a - (suurtogal)(laga yaabaa) * evolu//i - horumarid === f === * facil/a - fudud, sahlan, jilicsan * fak/o - maadad * fakt/o - xaqiiqo, run, dhab * fal//i - ridid, dhicin * famili / o - xaas * far/i - falid, samayn * februar / o - Fabraayo [[Febraayo]] * feliĉ/a - nasiiblow, faraxsan * fenestr/o - daaqad * ferm/i - xidhid * fest/i - dabaaldegid, ciidid, fasax ahaansho * fi- (komercisto - ganacsade) ('''fi'''komercisto - kadhexeeye, yasan); (insekto - cayayaan) ('''fi'''insekto - wasakh, usgag) * film/o - filim * fil / o - wiil * fin / i - dhammayn, gabagabyn * fiŝ / o - kaluun * flank / o - dhinac, bog * flav / a - jaalle, hurruud * flor/o - ubax * flug/i - duulid * foj/o - mar * for - tegey, fog, maqan * forges/i - ilaawid, hilmaamid * form/o - qaab (form/i - qaab u samayn, qaab u yeelid) * fort / a - xoog * fot/i sawirid, sawirqaadid * frap/i - tumid, garaacid, fanaxin * frat/o - walaal * fraŭl/o - (Ne edziĝinta viro) (wiil, kuray); (fraŭl'''in'''o) fraŭlino - '''gashaanti, gabadh''' Ne edziniĝinta vir'''in'''o. * frenez / a - waalan * fru / e - (goor) hore, kalah * funkci/o - ([[Xisaab]]) * fuŝ/i - ( bi'in, xumayn) (kuiri - karin, baylin) ('''fuŝ'''kuiri, '''fuŝ'''kuiristo, '''fuŝ'''kuiraĵo - calool iska bi'in ) === g === * gazet/o - wargeys * ge- (patro - aabee; '''ge'''patroj = patro kaj patrino) '''ge'''patroj - aabee iyo hoyoyo * glas/o - koob, dhalo, muraaayad * grand / a - weyn, dheer * gratul/i - nasiib rajeyn * grav / a - muhiim * grup/o - koox * gvid/i - hogaamin, hagid; (agaasime) * ĝeneral/a - guudahaan * ĝen/i - baajin * ĝi, - (magac-uyaal qof) (la priparolata '''aĵo''' (waax,arrin), '''besto''' (xoolo, bahal) aŭ (ama) '''infaneto''' (ilmo)) * ĝis - ilaa, (xagga, ku) * ĝust/a - sax, dhag, gaw === h === * ha - a montras ekmiron aŭ surprizon: Ha, kiel bele! (alla fiicnaydaa!) * hav / i - haysasho * hejm / o - hooy * help/i - caawin, kaalmayn * hieraŭ - shalay * histori/o - [[Taariikh]] * ho - "Ho" estas ĝenerala (guudahaan) ekkria vorteto por esprimi vivan senton: “Ho, ĉielo!” - Ah!, cir, janno! (guudahaan) * hodiaŭ - maanta * hom/o - dad, aadame, qof (hom - '''ar''' -o) (hom'''ar'''o - dadnimo, insaaniyad, aadaminimo) * hor / o - saacad, dersi * hotel/o - hudheel === i === * i - Mi volas labor'''i''' (infinitivo) voli - rabid, doonid; labori - shaqayn * ia (libro) - kitaab uun (tabelvorto) * ial, '''(tabelvorto)''': (sabab)(meelahaas) * iam - '''(tabelvorto)''': mar, waa, (meelahaas); tempo - wakhti, milay, goor * -Id - hundo → hund'''id'''o = nematura hundo; hundo - ey (kadhallinyar/ugu dhallinyar); (arbo -geed) arb'''id'''o * ide/o - fikrad * ie - meeluun '''(tabelvorto)''' * iel - si'uun, si uun (meelahaas) '''(tabelvorto)''' maniero - nooc, dariiq, si * ies, - (qofuun)(meelahaas) posedanto - hanti, maal '''(tabelvorto)''' * -Ig - (sufikso); akra - afweyn, kulul (basbaas); tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi; akra → akr'''ig'''i = agi tiel, ke io fariĝas akra: Mi akr'''ig'''as mian tranĉilon. * -Iĝ, (sufikso); akra - afweyn, kulul (basbaas); akra → akr'''iĝ'''i = fariĝi akra La ekonomia krizo akr'''iĝ'''is. Milito - dagal, dirir: La milito akr'''iĝ'''is. * -Il, (sufikso); tranĉi - jarid, gooyn; tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi; tondi → tond'''il'''o = instrumento por tondi (kiu konsistas el du klingoj): tond'''il'''o - maqas * ili - iyaga / iyagaa; magac-uyaal qof 3 pluralo * imag / i - malayn, sawirasho * -In - (sufikso); (homo - dad, aadame, qof) homo → hom'''in'''o = ina homo (dhaddig); ina - dhaddig * -Ind - (sufikso); am'''ind'''a - (naxariis); ami → am'''ind'''a = tia ke ĝi meritas esti amata; '''ind'''a korano - [[Qur'aan]] * infan / o - ilmo * inform/i - gaadsiin, waamid, wargelin * -Ing, glavo: (tranĉ'''il'''o - mindi)(milito)(Milito - dagal, dirir): glavo - glav'''ing'''o (dhaqan)(shandad) * instru/i - barid, casharsiin; (instru'''ad'''o - xiisad, dersi) * int - (Aktiva participo) leg'''int'''a = tia, ke oni antaŭe legis * inter - (inter ni - waa aniga iyo adiga) * interes/i - xiisayn (intereso - xiiso, dan) * invit/i - martiqaadid, casuumid, codsasho (invito - martiqaad) * io - (woxoogaa), inyar, kis, wax '''(tabelvorto)''' (meelahaas)+(-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * iom - woxoogaa '''(tabelvorto)''' (iom mono - woxoogaa lacaga) (meelahaas)+(-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) * iran / o - [[Iiraan]] * ir//i - tegid * is - (tege) mi labor'''is''' (mi laboris = la ago “labori” okaz'''is''' antaŭ nun) (jooge: mi laboras) * -Ism, (Budho → Budh'''ism'''o) (komuna (guudahaan)→ komun'''ism'''o)(kapitalo - maal → kapital'''ism'''o); Islamismo; * -Ist (kurac'''ist'''o - dhaktar, dabiib)(kurac / i - baanasho, (baxnaanin, lamacaaamil)) (juĝ'''ist'''o - xaakin) (polic/o - [[booliis]]); (polic'''ist'''o - [[booliis]], askari) * it. (pasiva participo it: plenumiĝo aŭ rezulto) (La ŝtelisto estis arest'''it'''a de polic'''ist'''o. (ŝtel'''ist'''o - tuug) (ŝtel/i - xadid) (polic'''ist'''o - [[booliis]], askari) * ital / o - [[Talyaaniga]] * iu - cid, qof; (qofuun, ciduun) '''(tabelvorto)''': -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) === j === * j - (dom/o - guri, aqal) - 1 dom'''o''' (singular, keli; 2 domo'''j''' (wadar) * ja - (Vi '''ja''' aŭdis per oreloj propraj) (ka xoogan, run, dhab) * jam - mar hore * januar / o - Janaayar [[Janaayo]] * japan/o - [[Jabaan]] * jar/o - sannad * je - meeleeye; Preni iun je la mano (= lia), per la mano (= sia).Konduki iun je la nazo. ''(je estas rolvorteto sen difinita signifo. Ĝenerale oni evitu je, se pli bona alternativo ekzistas.)'' * jen (adverbo) '''Jen''' la suno subiras, venas la nokto. (La suno estas subita - cadceeddii waa dhacday) * jes - haa (Respondvortoj); (jes, ja - haa waan jecelahay) * ju - (intii/markii .. waa intii) '''Ju pli''' da mono ni havos, '''des pli''' rapide kaj bone iros kompreneble nia afero. '''Ju pli''' da laborantoj estos, '''tiom pli''' rapide estos finita la granda konstruo * juli/o - [[Yulyo]] ([[Luuliyo]]) * jun/a - marras; infan'''et'''o - saqiir; junulo - barbaar; junuloj - barbaar; ŝaf'''id'''o (j) - maqal; kapr'''id'''o - maqal; ŝaf'''id'''oj kaj kapr'''id'''oj - maqal; * juni/o - [[Yunyo]] ([[Juun]]) === ĵ === * ĵaŭd / o - [[Khamiis]] * ĵet/i - saaniyey, toosin, xukumid * ĵus - haddadan, imikadan === k === * kaj - iyo * kalkul/i - xsiaabin * kamp/o - beer * kant//i - heesid, balweyn * kapabl / a - kar, awood * kapt/i - qabasho, jilaabasho, halqafid * kar / a - wanaagsan, qaali * kart/o - tigidh, taysaro, sawirdhul (landokarto de Germanujo - sawirdhuleedka Jarmalka) * kased/o - cajal; cajalad; (sanduuq) rikoodh, rikoodh ku qabasho; kasedo de magneta rubando; kasedo de magneta disko aŭ lumdisko * kaŝ/i - qarin (isquarin, dhuumasho) * kaŭz/o - sabab (kauŭz/i - tiu vorto kaŭzis la malpacon) * kaz / o - (naxwaho) (deklinacio) (''nominativo'', (ilahaansho);(kee); layeele) * ke - kaa, si ay, (Ŝajnas, ke pluvos). (muuqasho), (daid, roobid) (-os soosocde) * kelk/a - (in/wax yar) kelka'''j''' - dhawr * kia - (maxay) '''(tabelvorto)'''En infano vidiĝas, kia homo fariĝos. ''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-a eco - tayo, sifo) * kial - waayo '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-al kialo - sabab (sababtee?)) * kiam - goorma '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * kie - meel, xaggee '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * kiel - waayo '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) * kies - Kies filo vi estas? '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-es posedanto - hanti, maal) * kio - maxay, (kaa, wax)''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)) * kiom - intee, meeqa '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)'' (-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) * kiu - kuma '''(tabelvorto)'''''(ki- demandovorto - magac-uyaalweyddiin)''(-u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)) * klar/a - cad, saafi; (klara akvo - biyo cad) * klas/o - - saf, heer, fasal; (klasĉambro - qolfasal); (societo, matematiko, botaniko); (altklasa homo; la laborista klaso;) * klav/o - (taabasho) (fure) (pianoklavo)(muusiik) (klavo de piano, klavo de tajpilo); * klopod//i - dadaalid (klopodo - dadaal, dhib) * klub / o - naadi * knab/o - wiil, kuray; knab'''in'''o - gabadh * kolekt/i - urur in; Kolekto - urur * kolor/o - midab (kolorfilmo - filim midab ah) * komenc/i - bilaabid * komerc//i - ganacsasho; (komerco - bucshiro, ganacso) * komision/o - wadar (guddi) * komitat/o - guddi * kompren / i - fahmid, kasid * komput/i - xsiaabin; (komputilo: Maŝino por komputi - (makiinadqorid/xisaab/xisaabin/xisaabaad)''(Computer)'' * komun/a - guudahaan (komuna (guudahaan)→ komun'''ism'''o) * koncern/i - khusayn * kongres/o, -(haasaawe) (konferenc /o - shir) (konference - fadhdhi / fadhi) (haasaawe) * kon / i - garasho, aqoonid * konkret / a - runtii, dhabtii (Montri tre konkrete sian dankon.) * konsent//i - heshii, guddoon, (qabbil) (ogol, waa yahy) * konsil/i - naseexee, (konsilo'''j''' - talo); (konsil'''iĝ'''i - talo wyddiin) (konsilodomo - dawladda hoose) * konsist//i - kooban (unu minuto konsistas el sesdek sekundoj) (minuto - daqiiqad) (sekundo - sugundo) * konstru/i - dhisid, ratib, (dhiso, dhis) * kontakt/o - taabo (kulan, gunud) (tashi);(kontakt'''ig'''i- (hadlid)) * kontent/a - ruaali, ( esti kontenta per - ku raali ahaan(sho) * kontraŭ - lid, xagga * kontrol/i - untuxaabudm baadgudm tuhaabub); (ekzamen/o, kritik/o) kontrolo - imitixaan, tijaabo * korb/o - dambiil * kost/i - joogid (qiimo),dhadhamin * kred / i - aaminid, rumaysasho, malayn * kresk//i - korid, kordhid * krom - ka sokow, (ka sokow/laakiin(se)); (krome - takale) * kruel / a - (awoodsheegad)(kruela kiel tigro, besto);(kruel/i - (burburin, dumin, kharibid) (kruel/o - jengeli) * kuir / i - karin, baylin (cunto karin) * kultur/o - dhaqan, ilbaxnimo * kun - weheliyo, la socoda * kupon/o - (ingiriisi: coupon/voucher) * kur//i - socosho, ordid * kurs / o - deris, waxbarasho * kuŝ//i - dhacid, oolid, jiifid (lito - sariir);(kuŝejo - sariir) * kutim/i - laasimid, qabatimid; (kutimo - caado, lassim; kutima - guud ahaan, caado ahaan) * kvankam - inkastoo * kvar - afar (4) * kvazaŭ - (marka) / (bal aan adhahno/odhano) * kvin - shan (5) === l === * la - (qodob) * labor//i - shaqayn (laboro - shaqo, hawl, waxqabasho) (laboristo - shaqaale); (esti senlabora - shaqola'aansho) * lag/o - badyaro * lakt/o - caano * land/o - dhul, dal; (pejzaĝo - bilicdhul) * larĝ/a - ballaadh * las/i - dhaafid, eyn, ogolaasho, samayn * last/a - dambe, ugu dambeeyey * laŭ - loo eego, waafqasan * lav/i - maydhid, dhaqid * lecion/o - dersi, cashar, daras, meeris * leg /i akhrisaho, akhriyid; Korano - [[Qur'aan]] * lern/i - barasho, dersid * leter / o - dhambaal, warqad * lev/i - hinjin, baacin * li - isaga (magac-uyaal qof) (li estas knabo) * liber/a - xor, bannaan * libr/o - kitaab, buug * lig/i - (guntid) (ligo- (kulan, gunud) (Alligi ŝipon al la kajo.) ((lig'''il'''o) (computer) - (iskuxiriir)) * lingv/o - hadal * literatur/o - suugaan * loĝ // i- kunoolasho, degenaasho * lok/o - meel, deegaan, goob * long / a - dheer, dherer * lud // i ciyaard (ludo - ciyaar, dheel) * lund / o - [[Isniin]] === m === * maj / o - Maayo [[Maajo]] * mal-, (cagis, lid)(cagiska, sida kale); bona (fiican, wanaagsan) → '''mal'''bona (xun); (granda - weyn, dheer) → ('''mal'''granda - yar,kis) * malgraŭ - waxkastoo * manĝ/i - cunid, cunto qaadasho; manĝo - cunto, (cuunto, quud) * manier/o - nooc, dariiq, si * mank//i - dhinaasho, maqnaasho * man / o - gacan * mard/o - [[Talaado]] * mark/o - summad, calaamad, tigidh * mar/o - [[bad]] * mart / o - [[Maarso]] * maŝin/o - makiinad, ijjin, ( tajpi - makiinad (teeb) ku qorid); (tajp'''il'''o - makiinadqorid; skribmaŝin/o - makiinadqorid;) * maten/o - aroor, subax; (Bonan matenon! - aroor/subax wanaagsan) * material/o - alaab * mem - (qodh(ayda), naf(tayda) (Mi longe interne batalis kun mi mem.) * membr/o - xubin * memor/i - xasuusasho memoro - xasuus * merkred/o - [[Arbaco]] * mesaĝ/o - war (mesaĝ/i - gaadsiin, waramid, wargelin) * met/i - jiifin, dhigid, meelayn, * metod/o - hab * mez / o - dhex, badhtame * mi - anigaa (magac-uyaal qof) (Mi amas min mem.) * miks / i - qasid, khaldid, laaqid * mil - kun (1000) * miliard / o - bilyan (1 000 000 000) * milion/o - milyan ( 1 000 000) * milit // i, (Du militas, tria profitas.) (milito - dagal, dirir);(militistaro - xoogga);(savarmeo - xoogbadbaado) * minus - naaqus (10 - 6 = 4 dek minus ses faras kvar;) * minut/o - daqiiqad * mir//i - yaabid, layaabid (miro - yaabi) (miraklo - yaab) * mis-, kompreni - fahmid, kasid → '''mis'''kompreni - khaladfahmid = kompreni erare (gaf, khalad) * moment/o - muddo, ilbidhiqsi, waxyar * monat / o, bil (monat / e - bilkasta) * mond / o - adduun * mon / o - lacag ([[Lacagta]]; ETB [[Birr]]; IQD [[Ciraaqi Diinaar]] [[Ciraaq]];USD [[Dollar]] [[Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]]; EUR [[Euro]] [[Yurub]]; KES [[Shilin Kiinyaati]] [[Kiinya]]; SOS [[Shilin Soomaali]] [[Soomaaliya]];) * mont / o - taag, buur, (haaar) * montr/i - tusid, muujin, tilmaamid * morgaŭ - aroor, subax * mort//i - dhimasho; morto - dhimasho * mov / i - dhaqaajin * mult/a - wax badan, in badan * mus/o - [[walo]]; muso; Komputilo: (Enigilo (dialoga disponaĵo) kiun la uzanto movas (ĵargone: „trenas“) sur horizontala ebeno (ekz-e sur sia tablo, prefere kovrita per musmato), tiel movante muskursoron) * muzik/o - muusiik (muziki - muusiik samayn) === n === * n. - 1. (=layeele/akuzativo): la ronda'''n''' tablo'''n''' (kiu'''n''' ?) (=layeele); 2. "n" - (xag, gees) * naci / o - qaran, ummad * naĝ//i - dabaalasho * nask/i - ka dhalasho; (nasko - dhalasho) (datreveno - (maalin)dhalasho * natur/o - dabeecad * naŭ - sagaal (9) * ne - may(a) * neces/a - lagama maarmaan * nek, * nenia - (midna, qofna, cidna) (neni- ("maya") + -a eco - tayo, sifo) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(ni bezonas '''nenian''' helpon;)'' * nenial, (neni- ("maya") + -al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(li nenial ĉesis skribi al mi;)'' (ĉesi - joojin, gabagabayn) * neniam - weligeedna; (neni- ("maya") + -am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(mi neniam fumis;)'' * nenie - meelaba; (neni- ("maya") + -e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(nenie mi povos ĝin trovi;)'' * neniel - (neni- ("maya") + -el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si) ''ni neniel interesiĝas pri tio;'' '''(tabelvorto)''' * nenies - (qofnaba, cidnabe) (neni- ("maya") + -es posedanto - hanti, maal) ''Esperanto estas nenies propraĵo;'' '''(tabelvorto)''' (propraĵo - hanti, maal) * nenio - waxba; (neni- ("maya") + '''(tabelvorto)''' (ni nenio'''n''' povis vidi; '''-n''' - layeele);'' Ekzistas '''nenio''' certa sur la tero, krom tio, kion la homo posedas en sia propra brusto kaj kapo.'' * neniom - waxba (neni- ("maya") + -om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''(vi neniom ŝuldas al mi;)'' * neniu - qofnaba, cidnaba; (midna, qofna,cidna) (neni- ("maya") + -u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw) '''(tabelvorto)''' ''neniu'''n''' ni renkontis;'' (renkonti - helid, kulmid; -n layeele) * nepr/e - marleyba, (lagama maarmaan), * neŭtral/a - dhexdhexaad * ni - anaka / anakaa (magac-uyaal qof) ''(Ni vidas per la okuloj kaj aŭdas per la oreloj.)'' * -Nj - patrino (hooyo, maama) → Pa'''nj'''o (patrino, wanagsan, qaali) ''(Per '''NJ''' oni faras karesajn nomojn de vir'''in'''oj.)'' * nokt/o - habeen; bonan notkton - habeen wanaagsan; tranokti - uhoyasho, baryid; ''(tranokti en hotelo, sub tendo; ili manĝis kaj trinkis kaj tranoktis tie)'' * nom/o - magac * nord/o - woqooyi;[Waqooyi]]; (norda - xagga/geesta woqooyi) ; * normal/a - caadi, fayaw, miyirqab * nov/a - cusub * novembr / o - Noofeembar, [[Nofeembar]] * nu - (hadda, iminka, imika) ''(Nu, nu! Ne ploru!)'' (plor/i - ooyid, baroorasho) * nul - eber * numer/o - tiro * nun - hadda, iminka, imika * nur - keliya === o === * o - magac -o; (amik'''o'''- saaxiib; tajlor'''o''' -dawaarle, harqaanle; ĉeval'''o''' - faras; krajon'''o''', bros'''o''' - caday, burush) * -Obl - ''“multipliko”''. (du → du'''obl'''o = kvanto duobla - labanlaab) (Matematikaj esprimoj - Xisaab) * ofic/o - mammuus, maamul; xafiis; (ofic'''ej'''o - xafiis) * oft/e - badanaa, inta badan * ok - siddeed (8) * okaz//i - dhacid; kio okazis ? maxaa dhacay? Akcidento okazis - qallad baa dhacday ; ''(Okazu, kio okazi devas)'' * okcident/o - [[galbeed]]; [[Galbeed]]; (okcident/a - okcident/e - xagga galbeedka) * oktobr / o - [[Oktoobar]] * rigard / i - eegid, fiirin * vid / i - arkid * okup/i - (fadhiisaso, dagal,dirir); '''ek'''okupi - bilaabid; '' (Sin okupi pri arto.'' - (sawirid, rinjiyeyn)) * ol - marka ''(ŝi estas pli ol bela, ŝi estas belega)'' * -On, ON = “divido”.( du → du'''on'''o 1/2 - badh) (Matematikaj esprimoj - Xisaab) * oni - dad, iyaga, adiga, anaka (magac-uyyal) ''(oni kredas, ke kometoj anoncas malfeliĉon)'' * ont - (Aktivaj participoj - soosocde) ''(Viro, kiu poste leg'''os''', estas leg'''ont'''a viro.)'' * -Op - ''“grupo kun certa nombro da membroj” :du → duopo = grupo de du, paro; dek → dekopo = grupo de dek'' * opini/i - malayn, ujeedid; (opinio - aragti, ra'yi, male) * ordinar/a - guud ahaan, caado ahaan * ord/o - nidaam, habayn; ''orda'' (ama) ''ord'''em'''a'' - hagaagsan, habaysan, nidaamsan; ord'''ig'''i - nidaamin, hagaaj in, habayn, * organiz/i - dunmi, qabanqaabi, tabaabulyee; (ordo); (organiz'''aĵ'''o); organizo - abaabul, tabaabulyo * orient/o - [[bari]]; (orienta - xagga/geesta bari) * os - (soosocde) Mi vid'''os''' - Waan arki doonaa. (Morgaŭ est'''os''' lundo.)- [[Isniin]]) * ot - ''pasiva participo'' (OT - ''stato'' (xaal) ''antaŭ ago)'' ''Oni elektu OT-participon, se temas pri stato'' (xaal) ''antaŭ la ago.'' ''(Libro, kiun oni poste leg'''os''', estas leg'''ot'''a libro.)'' * ov/o - [[ukun]], ugax, beed === p === * pac/o - nabad * paĉj/o - (-aabbe) (Patro - aabbe → Paĉjo) ''(-ĉj, - ( Karesvorto por patro (aabbe): „Patreto! Pa'''ĉj'''o!“) Patro:'' (raaxo, naxariis, dareenbadan): ''Paĉjo! (Patreto!)'' * pag/i - bixin * paĝ/o - dhinac, bog * pan/o - kimis, roodhi, furin * paper/o - xaashi, warqad; (leteropapero - (ama) - leterpapero - xaashi qoritaan) * pardon/i - cafid, saamixid, raaligelin; (Pardonu! Pardonu min - iga raali ahaw!) * parol//i - hadlid; (parolo - hadal, khudbad; (paroli pri.. - hadal jeedin) * part/o - qayb, sed; (rezervparto - dayactir; wadar) * pas//i, - (dhaafid, baaraash)''(li pasis al mi - wuu i dhaafay) (pasi sur la strato, la placo, tra kampo); (paso - pasejo en monto - taag,haar) (waddo,jid); lia tago pasadis en studado;'' * patr / o - aabbe * pec/o - garooc, jab, hal, qayb, (peco da pano - hal rooti ah) * pend//i - deldelid, sudhid (''la filo dependas de sia patro'' - kuxidhnaaasho) * pens//i - malayn, fikirid * per - (meeleeye) ''(Per hakilo ni hakas; sin nutri per legomoj; hak/i - jarjar (jarid, gooyn, garaacid, tumid); (legom/o - legomo'''j''' - khudrad, noocyo khudrad) - (nutr/a - nafaqo; nutr/o - gashin, geshin; nutra manĝaĵo - (baan);'' ''plenigi botelon per akvo;)'' * perd/i - lumid, halaabid, (perdo - halaw, khassare) * perfekt/a - dhan; (dhan, buuxa)( si buuxda, dhan, idil); ''(mi komprenas perfekte - si wanaagsan ayaan u fahmayaa)'' ; ''perfekte ludi pianon;'' * period/o - ammin * permes/i - ogolaasho, yeelid * person/o - qof ; persona/persone - qof ahaan; person/'''a'''(tilmaame):'' mia person'''a''' situacio;'' person/'''e''' (falkaab): ''mi konas lin person'''e''''' * pet/i - baryid, codsasho, tuugid * pied/o - cag, lug; ''piediri - lugayn, cag ku socosho; planko - dhulka aqalka; piediranto - dadka lugta, socoto'' * plaĉ//i - cajebin, kahelid ; ''(bone plaĉas al mi - si wanaagsan bay ii cajebisey); (tre plaĉas al mi ĉi tie); plaĉa - nefis'' * plan/o - qorshe * plej - ''(Superlativo)''- plej ofte - badanka, inta badan; (Aŭgusto estas mia ''plej'' amata filo.)''forta xoog - pli forta (ol) - ka xoogan - '''plej''' forta (el) - ugu xoogan'' ''(Akceptu mian plej koran dankon.)'' * plen/a - buux * plezur /o - farax * pli - (Komperativo) ka badan; pli kaj pli - kolba ka sii badanaysa; ''(lakto estas pli nutra, ol vino);(nutr/a - nafaqo''); * plu - (i ntaa kaddib, waxa dheer, ka durugsan); '''ktp''' (k·t·p ← '''kaj tiel plu''') - '''(iwm.)''' iyo wixii la mid an (iwm.) * plur/aj - dhawr (pluraj personoj atestis tion);(pruvi - caddayn) * plus - (2 + 2 = 4 → Du plus du faras kvar.)(matematiko - [[Xisaab]]) * po - (midwalba, midkasta, qofwalba) '' (la drapo kostas po 2 $ dolaroj por metro (2 dolarojn por ĉiu metro);'' * poem/o - gabay * pom/o - tufaax [[Tufaax]] * popol/o - dad, qaran * popular/a - (lajecelyahay); (dad,qaran) * por - xaraf * pord / o - [[albaab]], irrid, gool * port/i - quaadid, xidhasho, sidhasho * post - (dambe, gadal); ''La virineto kaŝis sin post kelkaj altaj ŝtonoj.'' post - dabaddeed, (kaddib); post kiam - (dambe, kaddib, mardambe) (- Post kiam li alvenis, ni manĝis.) ; post tio - haddana, dabadeedna, markaana (Kvaronon da horo post tiuj vortoj ...) * poŝt/o - boos; poŝtkarto - kaadh * pov/i - karid * pra- - “antaŭ tre longa tempo, primitiva”; origino de la mondo -(asal, bilaw)(da, weynann); tempo → '''pra'''tempo = la komenca tempo de la homaro aŭ de la mondo; (avino - ayeeyo; mocooyo; avo - awow); da': (patro); gabow: (avo); kabax: '''pra'''avo, '''pra'''avino * precip/e, - (badanka) ''La lando vivas precipe el vitkultivado''; (vino - khamri) * prefer/i - bidid; doorbidid (rab)(door)('''doorbidid, kajeclaasho'''); (rabid, doonid, jeclaasho) * preleg//i - dersid (akhrsasho, akhriyid)+(publiko - dadweyne); prelego/prelego'''j''' - duruus * pren/i - qaadasho * pres/i - daabacid (libro - kitaab) * preskaŭ - dirqi, farciddideed * pret/a - diyaar; (diyaar) ''Mi estas preta preni, rompi la lancon por la vero.'' (lanco - waran, ciise) * preter - tagey, dhaafay, (dhammaad, tagey) (Li pasis '''preter''' mi - wuu i dhaafay) * prezent/i - deeqid, bandhigid, yaboohid; barid, sooqadimid, * prezid/i, - (fal)(salaan) (madaxtooyo); (prezidanto - madaxwyne, madaxweyne, guddoomiye); prezid'''e'''nto - madaxa dawladda; (Francujo, Francio - [[Faransiis]]; Germanujo, Germanio - [[Jarmal]], Usono [[Mareykan]]: prezid'''e'''nto) * prez/o - qiimo, sicir * pri - kor, dul (Prepozicio - meeleeye)''Li parolas pri leono. La temo de la prelego estas leono.'' (leono - [[Libaax]]) * princip/o - weedhweyno * printemp/o - gu'; (printemp'''e''' - gu'ga dhexdiisa); [[Gu]] * pro - sababtoo ah, waayo, maxaa yeelay ''(prepozicio)'' ''Ŝiaj dentoj frapadis pro malvarmo.'' (dento - ilig)dentisto - dhakhtarilko)(dentbroso - caday, buruushilko) * problem/o - mushkilo * produkt/i - soosaarid, (fal); produkt'''o''' - (fabrik'''ad'''o)(produkt'''ad'''o) - waxsoosaar; ''(nur '''produkto''' de mia fantazio)''; (fabriko - wershed) * program/o - barnaamij; ''(sistema programaro: Ilprogramoj de komputa sistemo necesaj por funkciigi aplikajn programojn; aplika programaro: Kolekto da aplikaj programoj por iu ekstera aplika tereno (kontraste al sistema programaro).)'' * proksim/a - dhaw; pli proksima (ol) - ka dhaw; plej proksima (el) - ugu dhaw * propon/i - kutalin, arrimin, soojeedin; propono - talo, arrin * propr/a - keed a, kiisa, wixiisa, gaar, khaas; (kun propraj okuli- indhihiisa;) (''Fidu propran okulon.'') (fido - kalsooni; fid/i - (ku) kalsoonaasno ) * prov/i - (tijaabin);''(provi instrumenton, maŝinon, ponton, ĉapelon); (instrumento - qalab, aalad)(ponto- kaabad);(ĉapelon- koofiyad);''''Montru al mi provon de via aktora arto.'' * publik/o - dadweyne * punkt/o - dhibic, joojis; ''(akurata - ballan ku beeg, ballan ilaalis)'' * pup/o - boomballo; [[دمية]]''la infano serĉis sian pupon'' (ludi - ciyaard) (kokino - digaagad,wadar, diyaad, dooro); (kokineto-digaag); [[Pupo (ludilo)]] * pur/a - nadiif, dhaqan === r === * radi/o - raadyo * rajt/o - gar,xag, qaanuun * rakont/i - kasheekayn, werin; rakonti historion - sheeko kasheekayn; rakont'''o''' - sheeko, sheekoxariiro * rapid/a - dhakhso, degded * raport/i - warbixin; (kawarramid); (raportisto - wariye; raporto - warar) * re- - haddana, mar kale; ĉiufoje (relegi) - (haddana oo haddana akhrisasho, akhriyid); saluti → '''re'''saluti = respondi saluton per saluto; diri → '''re'''diri = diri denove la saman aferon; * redakt/i - (qorid) ( gazeto - wargeys) ''(redakti artikolon, raporton, cirkuleron, leteron)'' (avizo, komunikaĵo; mesaĝo - dhambaal)(leter / o - dhambaal, warqad) (cirkulero - wareegto); (raporto - warar); * region/o, - deegaabn, gobol; (sabab); * regul/o - xeer; ([[Xisaab]]) regelmässig - joogto * reklam/o - iidheh; (xidhiidh dadweyne) * rekt/a - toos; (rekta linio - xariiq toosan; iru rekte! - toos u soco!) * renkont/i - kulmid; ''(mi renkontis lin hejme - gurigaan kula kulmay isaga)'' * respond/i - jawaabid; respondo - jawaab * rest//i - joogid, oolid * ret/o - shabaq, shebeg; '''La''' interreto - [[Internet]]; komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]];''(Por la fakuloj „la Interreto“ estas unu speciala el multaj interretoj;)'' * ricev/i - helid, qaadasho * riĉ/a - hodan; (riĉo - hodanimo; riĉ'''ec'''o - hodanimo) * rid//i - qoslid; (rid'''et'''i - ilkocaddayn)(fal); (rid'''et'''/'''o''') (magac); (rid'''ind'''a - ruwaayad, wax lagu qoslo) * rigard/i - eegid, fiirin (vid/i - arkid) * rilat/i - (fal): (mi ne povas kompreni kiel via konkludo rilatas kun viaj premisoj.) (rilato - xidhiidh); ([[Xisaab]]); (rilatoj - xiriir); (relatoj - cilaaqaad); (premiso: kondiĉo, bazo)(maksimo, principo - weedhweyno) * rimark/i - dareemid, fiirsasho * river/o - [[webi]] * romp/i - jabid, jebin; ''(rompi brako'''n''' - gacan ka jabid; rompi sian vorton - eray jebin, eray burin)'' === s === * sabat / o - [[Sabti]] * saĝ/a - xikmad, caqli; (saĝo - xikmad; saĝ'''ec'''o - xikmad);(intelekto, menso, racio - caqli) * salon/o - (manĝosalono - qolcuno, qolcunitaan); (salono, eleganta ĉambro); (qaabilid, qabasho, helid)(marti); (legosalono - kutuble, kutubhaye);(libro - kitaab, buug) * salut / i - bariidin, salaamid * sam/a -qodh(ayda), naf(tayda); ''(de sama koloro, de sama valoro)''; (kolor/o - midab); (valor/o - qiimo, qaayo) * san/a - caafimad, bedqab, fayow, esti sana caafimaad qabid, bedqabid, saniĝi - caafimaadid, raysasho, bugsasho; sanigi - bogsiin, bogsasho; sano - cafimaad; (la sana homa menso - caqli fayow; ''(sana menso en sana korpo)''; * sat/a - (tilmaame); esti sata - dhergid, fulid; ("sata malsatan ne povas kompreni" - sata homo ne povas kompreni malsatan homon) L. L. Zamenhof; C. Rogister ed.: Proverbaro esperanta, Stafeto, La Laguna, 1974 ISBN 400-7609-6 * scienc/o - [[aqoon]], [[cilmi]]; sciencisto - [[aqoonle]], [[cilmiyahan]] * sci/i - aqoonid, garasho, ogaaasho; scio - aqoon, garasho; (mi volas scii; mi deziras scii - waxaan rabaa inaan aqoodo;) * se - marka * sed - laakiine(se) * seĝ / o - kursi * sekv/i - raacid; sekve - natiijo, go'aan; * semajn/o - toddobaad; semajnfino - toddobaadka dabayaaqadiisa; (labortago - maalin toddobaadka ka mid ah); (laboro - shaqo, hawl, waxqabasho); (tag/o - maalin); * sen - la'aan, bilaa * senc / o - dareen, macne * send/i - dirid; sendi per poŝto - [[boos]] ku dirid * sent / i - dareemid * sep - toddoba (7) * septembr / o - Seteembar [[Sebteembar]] * serĉ/i - baadhid, raadin, (doon)doonid; * seri/o - saf, taxane; (televidserio, filmserio)(filmo - filim);(matematiko - [[Xisaab]]) * serv/i - adeegid * ses - lix (6) * si - naftiis, iskiis; (magac-uyaal); (Elizabeto lavas '''sin''' en la lago); (a sama persono kiel la subjekto, se tiu ne estas mi, ni aŭ vi (aŭ ci)) * sid//i - fadhiisasho * signif/i - macnaysanaasho; signifa - macne, muhiim; sifnifo - macne, muhiim; * simil/a - eki, iskumid * simpl/a - sahlan, fudud, jilicsan * simul/i - (li '''ŝainas''' esti malsana - wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu bukaan yahay); simul'''il'''o - (dayuurad, aalad, dersi, aqoon); komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]] * sinjor/o - mudane; sinjoroj! - mudanayaal! sinjoro (..)! mudaane (..); sinjoro doktoro (s-ro doktoro) - mudane dhakhtar); s-ro (..); sinjor'''in'''o (s-ino) - naag, afo; sinjorino (..) - afada (..); mia edzino - afadayda, xaaskayga; fraŭlino - gashaanti, gabadh; fraŭlino (..) - gashanantida (..); * sistem/o - hab; (nervosistemo, nervsistemo, nerva sistemo, nervo - dareeme); komputilo - [[Kumbuyuutar]] * situaci/o - xaalad; ''(komika situacio),(komika - maad)'' * skatol/o - baakidh, qardaas, sanduuq; nigra skatolo: (nigra - madaw), (aeroplano, aviadilo, avio - dayuurad),(akcidento - shil); (flugo - duulliin, duulitaan), (aerodromo - gegidayuurad, garoondayuurad); (alo, flugilo, (ŝvebilo) - baalal, baadad, biyaano) * skrib / i- qorid * sol/a - keli, mid * somer/o - xaggaa [[Xagaa]] * son//i - (fal); sono - cod, midab; sonbendo rikoodh; surbendigi - rikoodh ku qabasho; (surbendigilo - aaladda rikoodhka); (magnetofono - aaladda rikoodhka);(brua, laŭta - kor, sare); (mallaŭta - hoos) * special/a - khaas; eksperto, specialisto, specialisto'''j''' - khubaro; (specialiĝo - takhasus) * spec/o - nooc, dariiq, si; (iu speco da bestoj); (speci/o: „La origino de specioj“ (verko pri biologio de Ĉ. Darvino)) * spert/a - waayo'arkid, usoojoogid; sperto - waayo'aragnimo; (li havas granda'''n''' sperto'''n''' en sia fako - waayo'aragtinimo weyn buu u leeyahay shaqadiisa) * sport/o - ciyaar(o); sport/i - ciyaaro samayn; Sportisto - ciyartow * staci/o - joogsibas, joogsitareen * star // i - taagnaasho, joogid, istaagid * strat / o - waddo, jid * stud / i - dersid, jaamacad (studento - arday) * stult/a - adhlax, maansuukh, dhaandahaan; (stultulo - maansuukh, dhaandhaan ) * sub - hoos, daaf * sud/o - konfuur; [[Koonfur]] * sufiĉ/a - (kufilan), sufiĉe - kufilan; (fal): sufiĉ/i - kufilaaasho, tio sufiĉas (por ni) - intaasi kufilan (..); ''(tiu sumo ne sufiĉas;)'' * sukces//i - guulaysasho; sukceso - guul; ''(liaj verkoj havis, akiris, ricevis, ĝuis, atingis entuziasman sukceson;)'' * suk/o - fuuq * sun/o - cadceed, ([[Qorax]]); (stelo - xiddig, [[Xidig]])(stelfiguro - sumadxiddig, xiddig) * super - kor, dul * supoz/i - malayn, moodid, dasooqaadid;(supozeble - kasooqaad); ''(mi supozas, ke li baldaŭ alvenos;)'' * supr/'''e''' - kor, sare; supr'''a''' - sare, kor; ("xag + n": ''(mi staris supr'''e''' sur la monto kaj rigardis malsupr'''en'''))'' * sur - guud, kor === ŝ === * ŝaf/o - [[ido]] * ŝajn//i - (eg);(ifid), (muuqasho) (li '''ŝainas''' esti malsana - wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu bukaan yahay) * ŝanĝ/i - bedelid, doorin, sarifid; sanĝi monon (ĉe banko) - lacag sarifid (..); ''(la vento ŝanĝis sian direkton)'' * ŝat/i - rabid, doonid, jeclaasho; mi ŝatas (volonte) .. - waxxan rabaaa (aad)... * ŝi - iyada; ''(ina persono; ununombra virina pronomo de tria persono)'' * ŝip/o - [[markab]] * ŝir/i - dillaacin, jeexid * ŝtat/o - dawlaad (presid'''e'''nto - madaxa '''dawladda''')- (presid'''a'''nto - madaxweyne, guddoomiye) === t === * tabl/o - [[miis]] * tag/o - maalin [[Maalin]] * tamen - haddana, hase yeeshee/ahaatte; * task / o - hawl, shaqo * teatr/o - [[golemadadaale]] * tekst/o - (skribi vortojn); ''(Vorta konsisto de dokumento, ordinare de skribaĵo;)'' (kelmed, kelmad, erey, eray, hadal, khudbad, oroh, qowl); ''(gazeto - [[wargeys]]; libro - [[kitaab]], [[buug]]); (gazetoteksto, libroteksto)''(skribo - qoritaan, qoraal, skribisto, verkisto - qoraa; skriba - qoraal ahaan;) * telefon/o - telifoon (-i telifoonin) (telefonlibro - buugtelifoon) (poŝtelefono) * teler/o - saxan * televid/o - [[telifishan]], gogaanarag (televid/i telifishan daawasho)(televidilo - telifishan) * tem/o - arrin, ammuur, amuur''(Tio, pri kio oni parolas, skribas, verkas, pensas;)'' * temp/o - wakhti,(waqti); milay, goor; kol, beri, samaan, wakhti, jeer, kal, moog, mar, muddo, had; tempo, epoko - xilli; tempo, epoko - sabaan; tempo, epoko, okazo, ŝanco - waa; tempo,okazo, ŝanco - moogaan; tempo, okazo, ŝanco - milay; tempo, epoko, periodo - semen; tempo, epoko, periodo - seben; * ten/i - qabasho, joogsasho, hayn, (fari paroladon - hadal qabasho) ''(li faris du paroladojn en la komerca ĉambro);'' * ter/o - dhul; ([[Dhul]]) * terur/o - cabsi, baqdin, argagax; (tilmaame '''-a'''; falkaab '''-e''') horor'''a''', terur'''a''', terur'''e''' - cabsi leh, baqdin leh; * tia - taas/kaas, oo kale; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-a eco - tayo, sifo) * tial - sidaas (awgeed) darteed; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-al kialo - sabab (sababtee?) * tiam - haddana, dabadeedna, markaana; ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame)+ (-am tempo - wakhti, milay, goor) * tie - halkaa, meeshaa (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (e loko - meel, deegaan, goob) * tiel - (sidaa); (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-el maniero - nooc, dariiq, si); (li estas tiel granda, kiel vi -dhererkaaguu leeyahay, isku dherer baa tihiin) * ties, - (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-es posedanto - hanti, maal)(magac-uyaal lahaansho); ''"kies panon oni manĝas, ties vorton oni parolas"'' * tim/i - cabsasho, baqasho; timo - cabsi, baqdin; (terura, terure, timinda - cabsi, baqdin); * tio - kaa, midkaa; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-o nedifinita aĵo - wax,arrin (meelahaas)); ''tio estas tre facila;'' * tiom - isla markaaba, iyo kale, (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-om kvanto - qiyaas (intee? meeqa?)) ''(kiom da kapoj, tiom da opinioj)'' * tiu - kan, kaa; (ti- 'indikvorto' - fakufiiqe (magac-uyaal tilmaame))+ (-u individuo, difinita aĵo, - (dad, aadame, qof), wax, arrin (gaw)); ''(tiu estas mia amiko;)'' * tra - dhex, gudub * traduk/i - turjumid; traduko, tradukado, tradukaĵo - turjun; ''(li tradukis la frazon el la somala lingvo en la germana - weedh af Soomali ah ayuu Jarmal ku turjumey;)'' * trakt/i -(fal); traktado - waanwaan; ''(trakti kun la venk'''int'''o pri la paco);'' (venko - guul) * tranĉ/i - jarid, gooyn, (kudristo, tajloro - dawaarle, harqaanle); (tranĉi drapon;)(drapo - masar, maro);(''krioj tranĉis aeron, la noktan silenton;)'' * trans - (kor, dul); ''(la popoloj loĝantaj trans la maro;)'' * tre - add; (tre granda homo; tre rapide iri; tre laŭte paroli; tre multe da akvo;) * tri - saddex (3) * trink/i - cabbid, dhamid * tro - waxbadan; ''(tro ami ludon; tro da pano;)'' * trov/i - helid * tuj - markiiba, haddiiba * turn/i - duubid, wareejin; ''(turni ŝlosilon en la seruro;)'' * tut / a - gebi, dhan, idil === u === * u - foriĝ'''u'''! - dhuumo!, baxso! isqari!(amar, farniin);(labor'''u''' = la ago “labori” estas dezirata, petata, ordonata aŭ celata) * -Uj, (mono - lacag)(sako - kiish, jawaan) mono → mon'''uj'''o = sak'''et'''o por porti monon; teo - shaah, caleenshaah, teo → te'''uj'''o; * -Ul - (ul/o - qof) (persono - qof) fremda → fremd'''ul'''o; (qof)sisheeye, (qof)qalaad; bono, bonulo,(wanaagsan) (ulo - qof) * -Um, (kovri - doboolid, dedid; sapo - saabuun); sapo → sapumi = kovri per sapo (= sapi); ''(folio → foliumi = turni la foliojn de libro por legi)'' * universal/a - caalami * universitat/o - [[jaamacad]]; (dugsi); (studento - arday; stud'''ad'''o, studio, studo - wasbarsho, aqoonkorodhsi; studi - dersid, jaamacad tagid; doktoro - dhakhtar) * unu - kow * urb/o - [[magaalo]], bender * us. ''(Se mi est'''us''' riĉa, mi ne labor'''us'''.)''(labor'''us''' = la ago “labori” estas imagata)''(Se mi estus sana, mi estus feliĉa.)'' * util/a - dheef leh, waxtarbadan; utili - faa'i i dayn, waxtarid; profito, utilo - faa'iido, dheef, waxtar; * uz/i - isticmaalid, kutagrifalid ''(uzi multe da salo)'' === v === * vagon/o - baabuur, gaadhi * valor/o - qiimo, qaayo * varm/a diiran, dugsoon * ve - ve!, ve! (lament/i, plend/i - (ka)dacwoodid); (plendo, lamento - dacwad); ''ve al ni, ni estas ruinigitaj'' * vend/i - iibin, gadid; vendisto - iibiye, gade * vendred/o - Jimce [[Jimco]] * ven//i - imasho; ''(malamiko venis en nian landon);'' (malamiko - cadaw) * venk/i (fal), venko - guul; * verk/i - shaqayn, falid, bogasho; ''verki libron, operon, raporton;''(libro - kitaab) * ver/o - run (ver/a - run, dhab) * vesper/o - fiid; Bonan vesperon! - fiid wanaagsan!(vespermanĝo - casho); vespere - fiidkii; * vest/o - lebis, hu, gashad; (robo - lebis, toob); (kapvesto/ĉapelo - koofi(yad)) * veter/o - [[cimilo]] * vetur//i - safrid, dhoofid, boqoolid * vi - adigaa; vi - idinka; via - kaaga/taaga; via - kiin/tiina * viand/o - hilib, jidh, cad; buĉisto - hilible; buĉ/i - (fal), ''(virina lango buĉas sen sango)'' * vid/i - arkid (rigard/i - eegid, fiirin)) * vilaĝ / o - tuulo * vintr/o - jiilaal [[Jiilaal]] * vir/o - nin, xaas; vira - lab; virino - naag, afo; (Ino - naag, afo); virina - dhaddig; femala - dhaddig; ina - dhaddig; * viv // i - noolasho * vizit/i - booqasho, siyaarasho; vizito - booqasho, marti, siyaaro; viziti la teatron - golaha madadaalada booqasho * vojaĝ // i - safrid, boqoolid (vojaĝ / o safr, boqool) (bona vojaĝo - safar wanaagsan!) * voj / o - waddo, jid * vol / i - rabid, doonid * vort / o - eray, (erey) === z === * zorg /// i - daryeelid, dhawrid (zorg /o - werwer, walaac, daryeel) ------------------- (Elŝutita el "http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 {{Wayback|url=http://www.uea.org/vikio/index.php/Radikoj-685 |date=20110514095728 }}" Laste redaktita je 09:24, 27. Jun 2010.) == Il - ''Fonto'' (Jarmal) == * [http://www.esperanto.de/gej/elshutoj/soleichtschwarz2_UM.pdf '''Il''' ''- (Fonto: © DEJ 12-2001; kaj © H.J.) folio en germana lingvo: SO LEICHT IST ESPERANTO ! DEJ'' www.esperanto.de] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto.de/gej/elshutoj/soleichtschwarz2_UM.pdf |date=20100714125857 }} == ''Esperanto-afriko.org'' / Waxbarasho == * [http://esperanto-afriko.webs.com/kursojcourscourses.htm ''(Helpo'': '''www. esperanto-afriko.org.'''''(kurso en araba lingvo)''] {{Wayback|url=http://esperanto-afriko.webs.com/kursojcourscourses.htm |date=20110722011930 }} == Waxbarasho == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php a,b,c - (ilmo) (= '''waxbarasho''') 30 afaf qalaad '' kursoj 30 lingvoj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} * [http://ar.lernu.net waxbarasho - kurso en araba lingvo] {{Wayback|url=http://ar.lernu.net/ |date=20080207113108 }} لِرنو: موقع تعليمي لإسبرانتو == Qaamuus Soomaali-Ingiriis-Jarmal == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_153&products_id=2157&osCsid=v5epgkn1nf7bgr9fsm66a3aibe6ske87 ''Vortaro germana - somala somala - angla - germana, 302 paghoj, 4-a eldonejo 2009; Mohammed Ali Farah / Dietmar Heck Somali Wörterbuch Deutsch-Somali / Somali-Englisch-Deutsch'' '''Qaamuus Jarmal-Soomali Qaamuus Soomaali-Ingiriis-Jarmal Mohammed Ali Farrah; Dietmar Heck''' © ''Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 1990/2009 (jaro 1990:'' ISBN 3-87118-939-1 ''jaro 2009:'' ISBN 978-3-87548-055-9. (www.buske.de)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_153&products_id=2157&osCsid=v5epgkn1nf7bgr9fsm66a3aibe6ske87 |date=20110812034711 }} == Qaamuus ''ttt / www'' == * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf qaamuus Af-esperanto - Af-soomali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/Vortaro%20esp-somala.pdf |date=20120419195944 }} * [http://www.reocities.com/lilandr/lingvoj/somala/eo-so01.html Liland Brajant ROS’ - '''Qaamuuska Af-Soomaali- Af-Esiperaanto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.reocities.com/lilandr/lingvoj/somala/eo-so01.html |date=20131006213342 }}''' * [http://www.reta-vortaro.de ttt - www - Qaamuus/''vortaro'' : www. reta-vortaro.de] * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php a, b, c, lernu.net ''(“Pri la Fundamento“) bildvortaro, vortaro (30 lingvoj)''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php qaamuus - ''bildvortaro''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php |date=20120128111830 }} * [http://www.markacadey.net/dictionary-index.htm Qaamuus Somali - Ingriis / Dictionary English - Somali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.markacadey.net/dictionary-index.htm |date=20100830095940 }} == Qaamuus Esperanto-Jarmal == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2283&osCsid=2c4mu7ujmvq6a1s29brgn4djcu2rbmto Qaamuus]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} vortaro: Krause Esperanto- Deutsch (Jarmal), © Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 1999 ISBN 3-87548-193-3 www.buske.de == Qaamuus Jarmal-Esperanto == * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2785&osCsid=psbk841q86qi1lft4lp8lmqmvjam5on1 '''Qaamuus'''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2785&osCsid=psbk841q86qi1lft4lp8lmqmvjam5on1 |date=20110819212739 }},''vortaro Krause Deutsch'' (Jarmal)-''Esperanto'' © Helmut Buske Eldonejo Hamburgo 2007 ISBN 978-3-87548-466-3 www.buske.de == Waxbarasho "Pri la fundamento" == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/fundamento/reguloj/regulo0.php (“''Pri la Fundamento''“)] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/fundamento/reguloj/regulo0.php |date=20100627175745 }} quaamuus-sawir ''bildvortaro'', qaamuus vortaro, 30 afaf qalaad ''(30 lingvoj)'' www.lernu.net * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/index.html ''FUNDAMENTO DE ESPERANTO Antaŭparolo; Gramatiko: GRAMMAIRE (Gramatiko Franca); GRAMMAR ( — Angla); GRAMMATIK ( — Germana); ГРАММАТИКА ( — Rusa); GRAMATYKA ( — Pola);Ekzercaro, Universala Vortaro''] == Waxbarasho "ilmo" / ''infanoj'' == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php '''ilmo''' / ''infanoj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=20100703052343 }} www.lernu.net ''porinfanaj kursoj'' == Qaamuus-sawir ''bildvortaro de lernu.net'' == * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/66.php (bahalo) /'' mamuloj''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/66.php |date=20120210065544 }} www.lernu.net == Qaamuus "kontakto-Vortlisto" 884/414 == * [http://de.lernu.net/grafikajhoj/biblioteko/gazetoj/facila_vortolisto.pdf qaamuus 884/414 eray] {{Wayback|url=http://de.lernu.net/grafikajhoj/biblioteko/gazetoj/facila_vortolisto.pdf |date=20110831222027 }} ''Vortlisto “facile / tre facile” 2006 © Kontakto (884 / 414 vortoj) '' == Qaamuus "Juna amiko" == * [http://de.lernu.net/biblioteko/gazetoj/juna_amiko/vortlisto.php Vortlisto "''Juna amiko''"] {{Wayback|url=http://de.lernu.net/biblioteko/gazetoj/juna_amiko/vortlisto.php |date=20110216015653 }} == Qaamuus Kompaktdisko KD - CD == * [http://www.books.ch/shop/action/productDetails/5818776/esperanto_kauderwelsch_aussprachetrainer_cd_3831762201.html;jsessionid=8651180039E34FA12DD9C21F1EF97872.www03?aUrl=90007790]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''KD Kompaktdisko / CD (ad volumo 56) Esperanto Dahmann / Pusch Eldonejo Peter Rump GmbH D-33649 Bielefeld Reise Know-How Rump GmbH September 2006 - Audio-CD'' ISBN 3831762201 EAN: 9783831762200 (www.books.ch) == Qaamuus akademio-de-esperanto == * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/akademia_vortaro/index.html?tt=1279022574 quaamuus] miis = ''tablo'' '''tabl'''/ tabl/o www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/ == Naxwaha - kitaab - ''Gramatiko-tabelo kaj libroj'' == * [http://www.svisa-esperanto-societo.ch/de/grammatik.html (''gramatika tabelo esperanto'' - jarmal)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.svisa-esperanto-societo.ch/de/grammatik.html |date=20120525120041 }} * [http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2780&osCsid=1v2cqju6nuqvj1ulh0mfc9k8mu6tncce Dirk Willkommen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buske.de/product_info.php?cPath=1_113&products_id=2780&osCsid=1v2cqju6nuqvj1ulh0mfc9k8mu6tncce |date=20110819212650 }} (jarmal) ''(Esperanto-grammatika-libro) ''Dirk Willkommen Esperanto-Grammatik Eine Lerner- und Referenzgrammatik 2a eldonejo 2007. XIV, 132 paghoj.'' EAN: 978-3-87548-475-5. [http://www.buske.de/index.php?cPath=1_113&osCsid=937vtpqqpqjgoks38bemm7r9bpnm3o4o&content=recherche] (www.buske.de)'' * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/terminoj.php ''gramatiko''] {{Wayback|url=http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/gramatiko/konciza/terminoj.php |date=20100714181519 }} (www.lernu.net) * [http://www.bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html detala gramatiko PMEG, '''naxwaha PMEG'''] == waxbarasho jarmal - soomaali == * [http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?ISBN=3-89645-571-0 ''Catherin Griefenow-Mewis Lehrbuch des Somali, Köln 2004] {{Wayback|url=http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?ISBN=3-89645-571-0 |date=20060113013930 }} '''jarmal''' ISBN 978-3-89645-571-0 ''Lehrbuch des Somali'', ''Eine praktische Einführung'' ''Reihe: Afrikawissenschaftliche Lehrbücher Band 16'', ''2004 350 Seiten'', ''zahlreiche Tabellen und Übersichten'' == Ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo == * [http://esperanto.cri.cn chinia esperanta retpagho = ĉinia esperanta retpaĝo] * [http://esperanto.cri.cn/621/2009/06/22/1s97661.htm pri Somalio] {{Wayback|url=http://esperanto.cri.cn/621/2009/06/22/1s97661.htm |date=20110902003651 }} == Wikimedia == * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto?uselang=soomaaliga commons.wikimedia] [[Category:Esperanto]] [[Category:Afbarasho]] [[Category:Afafka]] 8bszkz3bbohuk4ydvzdgoa2ur9x86sf 0 7460 306108 294339 2026-08-28T05:45:33Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Noemi-25.jpg|Noemi-25.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 20 August 2026. 306108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noemi''' (dhashay ''Veronica Scopelliti'', [[Janaayo]] 25, [[1982]] oo [[Roma]]) waa fanaanad oo [[Talyaaniga|Talyaani]] ah. = heesaheeda waxaa ka mid ah = * '''Briciole''' (2009) * '''L'amore si odia''' (iyo [[Fiorella Mannoia]]) (2009) * '''Per tutta la vita''' (2010) * '''Vertigini''' (2010) * '''Vuoto a perdere''' (2011) * '''Odio tutti i cantanti''' (2011) * '''Poi inventi il modo''' (2011) * '''Sono solo parole''' (2012 SanRemo) * '''In un giorno qualunque''' (2012) * '''La promessa''' (2012 feat. [[Stadio]]) * '''Se non e' amore''' (2012) == Eksternal link == * [http://www.noemiofficial.it/ Noemiofficial.it] * [http://www.youtube.com/noemiofficial Noemiofficial Youtube] * [http://www.arcadinoemi.it/ Arcadinoemi.it] {{Wayback|url=http://www.arcadinoemi.it/ |date=20100724051735 }} * [http://www.youtube.com/arcadinoemi1 Arca di Noemi Youtube] * [https://archive.is/20121212172432/www.facebook.com/arcadinoemi%23!/noemiofficial?ref=ts Facebook noemiofficial] * [https://archive.is/20121212172256/www.facebook.com/arcadinoemi Facebook arcadinoemi] {{commons|Noemi (singer)}} [[Category:Muusig]] [[Category:Talyaaniga]] 3b2tmcnacqhj96adcg0pfhlhc01bz9s 10 9228 306026 103031 2026-08-27T13:45:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306026 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" /><!-- --><div class="refbegin <!-- -->{{#if: {{{indent|}}} | refbegin-hanging-indents }} <!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|{{{colwidth|}}}}}} | {{#ifeq: {{{1}}} | 1 | <!--default to no columns--> | refbegin-columns references-column-width }} }} " style="<!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} |{{#ifeq: {{{1}}} | 1 |<!--default to no columns--> | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} | column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1|30em}}}}} | column-width: 30em }} }} | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | column-width: {{{colwidth|30em}}} }} }}"></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rz10foumf51h4wlxnfafkna26j6u0xc 0 17367 306024 300875 2026-08-27T13:43:22Z ~2026-46847-07 47135 White btches deepthroat big black d*ks 306024 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan guud ahaan dad cad. Maqaalo kale fiiri [[Yurub|dadka cad ee reer Yurub]].'' '''Dadka Cad''' ([[ingiriis]]: white people; [[carabi]]: عرق أبيض) isir ahaan loo yaqaano "'''[[Qooqaas|Qooqaasiyaan]]'''" (causcasian) waa [[dad]] [[midab]] [[cadaan]] ah leh kuwaasi oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda [[qaarad]]a [[Yurub]] laakiin maanta ku nool meelo badan oo [[aduun]]ka ah.{{citation needed}} Fikrada ah kala saarka iyo soocitaanka [[dad|aadamaha]] waxay bilaabantey [[qarni|qarnigii 17aad]] goortii uu socday [[ganacsiga adoonta]] ee [[qaarad]]a [[Afrika]] laga soo gurayay [[Dadka Madoow]], si loogu shaqeeysto [[Ameerika]] dhexdeeda.{{citation needed}} Wakhtiyadii ka dambeeyay waxaa caan noqotey firkada ah in dadka caalamku u kala baxaan cadaan, dad madoow, kuwo midab ah iyo kuwo [[huruud]] ah.{{citation needed}} Guud ahaan, dadka cad waxay maanta ku dhaqan yihiin meel kasta oo caalamka ka mid ah, waxayna aad ugu badan yihiin [[Yurub|qaarada Yurub]], [[Ameerika|qaaradaha Ameerika]] (waxay xoog u degaan [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] sida [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Kanada]]; laakiin kama maqna wadanada [[Koonfur Ameerika]]), [[Ustareliya]], iyo [[Bariga Dhexe|Bariga dhexe]] meelo badan oo [[Aasiya]] ah iyo [[Afrika|qaarada Afrika]] ooy si badan u dagan yihiin wadanada Koonfurta Afrika.{{citation needed}} == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Dadka Madoow|'''Dadka Madoow''']] [[Category:Dad]] [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Yurub]] White btches deepthroat big black d*ks qzf5c8hl02sq96lnzydc70u7lkhzcgc 306025 306024 2026-08-27T13:43:32Z Quinlan83 28506 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-46847-07|~2026-46847-07]] ([[User talk:~2026-46847-07|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] 300875 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan guud ahaan dad cad. Maqaalo kale fiiri [[Yurub|dadka cad ee reer Yurub]].'' '''Dadka Cad''' ([[ingiriis]]: white people; [[carabi]]: عرق أبيض) isir ahaan loo yaqaano "'''[[Qooqaas|Qooqaasiyaan]]'''" (causcasian) waa [[dad]] [[midab]] [[cadaan]] ah leh kuwaasi oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda [[qaarad]]a [[Yurub]] laakiin maanta ku nool meelo badan oo [[aduun]]ka ah.{{citation needed}} Fikrada ah kala saarka iyo soocitaanka [[dad|aadamaha]] waxay bilaabantey [[qarni|qarnigii 17aad]] goortii uu socday [[ganacsiga adoonta]] ee [[qaarad]]a [[Afrika]] laga soo gurayay [[Dadka Madoow]], si loogu shaqeeysto [[Ameerika]] dhexdeeda.{{citation needed}} Wakhtiyadii ka dambeeyay waxaa caan noqotey firkada ah in dadka caalamku u kala baxaan cadaan, dad madoow, kuwo midab ah iyo kuwo [[huruud]] ah.{{citation needed}} Guud ahaan, dadka cad waxay maanta ku dhaqan yihiin meel kasta oo caalamka ka mid ah, waxayna aad ugu badan yihiin [[Yurub|qaarada Yurub]], [[Ameerika|qaaradaha Ameerika]] (waxay xoog u degaan [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] sida [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Kanada]]; laakiin kama maqna wadanada [[Koonfur Ameerika]]), [[Ustareliya]], iyo [[Bariga Dhexe|Bariga dhexe]] meelo badan oo [[Aasiya]] ah iyo [[Afrika|qaarada Afrika]] ooy si badan u dagan yihiin wadanada Koonfurta Afrika.{{citation needed}} == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Dadka Madoow|'''Dadka Madoow''']] [[Category:Dad]] [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Yurub]] rx154p0z95hl3uj4ivuibwe3x4ydxwp 0 18100 306066 289833 2026-08-28T01:13:01Z Aarcad100 35722 sixid 306066 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hordhac == '''Ayaanle''' waa laf ka mid ah beesha [[Cayr (beel)|Cayr]]''', Habar Gidir.''' Ayaanle waa laf beeleed aad u tira badan laguna sheegaa inay iyaga ugu badan yihiin beesha balaaran ee Cayr ee dagta Koonfurta, Waqooyiga, Galbeedka iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya iyo Dowlad Deegaanka Soomalida ee Ethiopia. Ayaanle waa laf beeleed mug iyo taariikh ku leh Somalia iyo guud ahaan taariikhda Somaalida. Beesha waxay kamid tahay ama koow ka tahay beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee deegaanada Soomaalidu degto kuwa aadka looga sharfo ha noqoto mid gobanimo u dirir iyo midkalaba, waxaana ka dhashay halyeeyo caan ka ah guud ahaan gayiga ay Soomalidu degto. Taariiqda beesha ay leedahay maaha mid halkaan lagu soo koobikaro balse sharaxaad kooban waanu ka bixin. == Dhalashada beesha iyo siday u kala baxaan == Beesha Ayaanle Cayr waa beel ka tirsan beel weynta Cayr Maxamed. Dad badan ayaa u haysta in odaygii Cayr Maxamed uu toos u dhalay Ayaanle balse sidaa maaha. Cayr maxamed iyo Ayaanle Caroole dhowr fac oo odayaal ah ayaa u dhaxeeya balse dadka ayaa Ayaanle Cayr isaga waca. Odayga Ayaanle waxaa wada dhalay Caroole Axmed oo Aabahiis ah iyo Hooyadiisa Faadumo Xassan Gaalshireed oo u dhalatay beesha Mareexaan Reer Xasan walaalahiisa waxaa kamida Babaanshe Caroole iyo Suubiye Caroole oo ay isku bah yihiin iyo Cabsiiye Caroole iyo Caalin Caroole(Reer Ugaas) oo ay Aabo wadaagaan. Abtirka saxda ee beesha waa: '''Ayaanle, Caroole, Axmed, Cabdalle, Samadoor, Dhowrakace, Abti-Edeg, Mucle 'Tolweyne', Cayr Maxamed, Madarkicis, Hiraab.''' meeshaan ka eego wada dhalashada beesha [[Cayr (beel)]]. Ayaanle Caroole waxaa la sheegaa waagii uu noolaa aabahiisii Caroole Axmed inuu u duceeye isaga uuna ugu duceeye inuu noqdo qof tarma oo tigaada oo guusha la derista xaqa ilaaheyna ku dirira. Aabahii ayaa ku yiri Ayaanlow qaac aan la qaban karin Alle hakaa yeelo oo loola jeedo inay noqdaan dad aan dhabar go'in. Odayga Ayaanle Caroole waxuu ku dhashay meel hada loo yaqaan Bulacle oo Dhuusamareeb xoogaa Bari ka xigta wuxuuna ku aasan yahay Gobolka Mudug qaas ahaan meel lagu magacaabo Geed Jimcaadkii Ayaanle oo ku taala degmada Xarardheere oo ka yara baxsan magaalada Xarardheere. Ayaanle waxuu dhalay 3 wiil oo tarantay iyo mid dhintay isagoon wax dhalin waxayna ahaayeen labo bah. # '''Weheliye''' '''Ayaanle''' oo loo yaqaan '''Cumar Weheliye''' # '''Fiqi Cumar Ayaanle''' oo loo yaqaan '''Fiqishini''' # '''Aybakar Ayaanle''' oo ah Yaraanka Ayaanle # '''Aflax Ayaanle''' oo aan wax awlaad ah ka tagin isagoo si kama' ah loo dilay. === '''<big>1.Cumar Weheliye</big>''' === '''-Reer Liibaan (Liibaan Maxamuud)''' '''-Reer Ciyoow (Ciyoow Maxamuud)''' '''-Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar – Jufada Cumar Weheliye''' Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar waa beel ka kooban dhowr jufo oo Cumar Weheliye ku wada abtirsada. Jufadahan waxaa la isu geeyay si loo mideeyo awoodda reeraha, gaar ahaan mag-bixinta, qaaraanka, iyo nidaamka is-difaaca, kadib dagaallo badan oo saamayn ku yeeshay beesha. Jufadaha ka kooban Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar waxay ka kooban yihiin toban (10) jufo-hoosaad, kuwaas oo ka soo farcamay Cumar Weheliye: 1. Reer Xusen Cumar Wehliye (Xusen Gurmo) 2. Reer Gurey Cumar Wehliye 3. Reer Samatar Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 4. Reer Amin Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 5. Reer Kheyre Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 6. Reer Gabow Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 7. Reer Orey Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 8. Reer Idle Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 9. Reer Afrax-dheere Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 10. Reer Cigale Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye === '''<big>2.Fiqishini ama Fiqi Cumar Ayaanle</big>''' === Fiqi Cumar waxuu ahaa nin Fiqi ah oo diinta si fiican ugu soo bartay magaalada Harar ee Ethiopia ku taal oo ahayd xarun diimeed waayihii hore. Waxuu ahaa nin Sheikh ah oo dadka diinta iyo quraanka bara weliba waxaa la sheegaa in uu aad u baray quraanka dadka uu ka dhashay iyo qolooyinka uu hadhow la dagay ee dega Sool iyo Sanaag. Waxuu ku aasan yahay degmada Xudun ee gobolka Sool waxuuna dhalay 2 wiil waxayna kala yihiin: '''1-Xassan Fiqi Cumar''' '''(Kuuloow)''' oo degan Galgaduud iyo hiiraan. '''2-Ismaaciil fiqi Cumar''' oo ay ka soo jeedaan afarta ardaa ee beesha Fiqishini ee degan gobolka Sool ahna xooga iyo tirada Fiqishini. Fiqi Cumar sababta keentay inuu u guuro gobolka Sool waxay la xiriirta dhimashada walaalkiisa Aflax Ayaanle oo si kama' ah uu u dilay ina adeerkiisa oo ina Babaanshe Caroole ahaa. Fiqi Cumar wuxuu codsaday in 100 halaad laga bixiyo walaalkiisa la dilay halka Cayrkii iyo Caroolihii waagaas joogay ay soo jeediyeen in 2 halaad oo mag ah la bixiyo maadaama dilku kama' ahaa, ahaana wax tolka ka dhex dhacay. Markii arinka la isku mari waayay ayuu Fiqi Cumar go'aansaday inuu ka carraabo geyiga reerkiisa degnaayeen. Isagoo sii socda ayaa waxaa faras uga daba yimid Aybakar oo ahaa walaalkiisa ka yar isku bahna ahaayeen. Aybakar ayaa isku dayay inuu Fiqi Cumar ku qanciyo inuusan guurin hase yeeshe Fiqi Cumar wuu ka dhego adeyge soo jeedintaas. Aybakar ayaa ugu dambayn ka codsaday walaalkiisa inuu labadiisa wiil mid u reebo waana sababta Xasan Fiqishini ugu nagaaday Koonfurta halka Ismaaciil uu ku tarmay Waqooyiga Somalia. <ref>Caaqil Cabsiiye</ref> === '''<big>3.Aybakar Ayaanle</big>''' === Aybakar waa yaraanka Ayaanle Cayr da' ahaan, waxuuna dhalay 2 wiil waxayna kala yihiin '''1-Maxamuud Aybakar (Reer Maxamuud Qurbac)''' * Jibriil Maxamuud * Samatar Maxamuud '''2-Weheliye Aybakar (Reer Weheliye Dheere)''' * Gaban Weheliye * Sharmaarke Weheliye * Jalo Weheliye == Taariikhda Beesha == Beesha Ayaanle Cayr waxay leeyihiin taariikh aad u fog oo ummada Soomaaliyeed taariikhdeeda ka mid ah. Beeshaan waa beel lagu tilmaamo inay hormuud u yihiin walaalahood Cayr Maxamed iyo guud ahaan Beesha Habargidir. Ayaanle waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inay yihiin dad geesiyaal ah xaga dagaalka iyo cadow la dirirka. Waxaa ka dhashay Saraakiil ka dhex xusan taariikhda Soomaaliyeed oo la diriray cadowga ummada Soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid yihiin General Maxamed Nuur Galaal, General Abdulqadir Cali Diiriye 'Subxaanyo', General Maxamed Xaashi Maxamuud 'Shabeel', Korneyl Xasan Daahir Aweys iyo rag kaloo fara badan oo Somalida usoo hoye taariikh lama ilaawaan ah. Waa dad Soomaalinimada ay ku weyntahay, naceb dulmiga oo mar walba xaqa iyo cadaalada raadiya. === <u>Taariikhda beesha isticmaarkii ka hor</u> === ==== Cabdille Faarax Caddow Goroyo <nowiki>''Cabdulle Guure''</nowiki> ==== '''_{Dagaalkii lafo gumcadle}''' Xiligii imaamadii [[:en:Hiraab_Imamate|Hiraab]] jirtay waxaa beesha Cayr hogaanka u haaye beesha Yabadhaale Cayr oo ah jufo kamida jufooyinka beesha Cayr oo xiligaas beesha Cayr ugu tirada iyo xooga badnayd. Nin la dhihi jiray [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rhjclA1lqo Cabdulle Guure] oo u dhashay beesha Yabadhaale ayaa qarnigii 1700 hogaanka u qabtay guud ahaan beesha Cayr. Cabdille waxaa lagu sheegaa inuu ahaa nin adadag oo hogaan adag leh oo aanan la jabin Karin markii fooda la is daro. Waxuu ahaa nin dagaal badan, mar walbana tolkiisa Cayr ayuu ku tashan jiray inay u dagaalamaan oo ay difaacaan saldanadiisa iyo guud ahaan Saldanadii hiraab uu ka tirsanaa balse waa lagu kala dheereyn jire hiilka isaga loo galo qoys ahaan. Cabdille waxaa lagu sheegaa inuu ahaa ninka keliya ee beesha Cayr wada xukuma taariikh ahaan warkiisana ay dhageystaan kuna dhaqmaan. Somali baa tiri dad waxaa laga warsadaa nin u taliye iyo nin u martiyay Cabdillena waxuu u taliyey beesha Cayr beesha Ayaanlena si gaara ah ayeey isagu ula socdeen oo beelaha kale uga soocnaayeen. Goor u talinaaye Cabdille Guure, niman u dhashay Beesha Ogaadeen gaar ahaan jufada Makaahiil ayaa soo dagay dhulka ay beesha Cayr degnaayeen iyagoo abaaru keentay waxaana soo dajiyey Cabdille Guure oo Somalinimo ku soo dhoweeye waxuuna dejiyey deegaanka Bulacle loo yaqaan oo dhuusamareeb bari ka xigta waxuuna u ogolaaday inay dhulka daaqsadaan xoolahooda biyuhuna ka cabbaan ceelasha. Muddo sideey dhulka u joogeen oo ilaa heer loo ogolaaday inay boqorkooda ku caano shubtaan oo la oran jiray Xersi Fiin. Deegaanka Bulacle oo xarun u ahayd beesha Cayr ayee waxay ragii Ogaadeen ee la soo dhoweeye dileen niman u dhashay Ayaanle Cayr weliba Reer ilmo adeero u badan oo ka dhashay jufooyin la dhaho reer xuseen gurumo iyo reer aamin. Nimankii Ogaadeen waa laga dabo ergeeye waxaana lagu yiri magta iska bixiya oo meesha nabad nagula jooga. Nimankii Ogaadeen ayaa waxay arinkii meereystaan waxayna bilaabeen ineey santaag iyo kibir ugu jawaabaan nimankii ergada ahaa ee ka socday beesha Cayr. Muddo sidii looga dabo ergeynaaye ayaa Cabdille waxuu bilaabay abaabul ciidan iyo guubaabo waayo waxuu ahaa hogaamiye naceb bahdilka iyo islaweynida. Cabdille intuu abaabulka waday jufooyin qaar ah ee beesha Cayr ayaa dagaalka ka baaqday oo qaarka ay kamid yihiin jufada Yabadhaale ee Sabuux wace uu isaga ka dhashay oo u kacay dhinaca bari iyo Xarardheere. Cayrku beel ahaan waa beel aad u dhib badan xaga talada dhexe weyna adagtahay in xil, xayndho iyo ciidan Cayr ah meel la isugu geeyo si ay arin u wada dhameeyaan ama ka soo baxaan. Cabdille intuu abaabulka waday beelo badan oo Cayrka ah ayaa liicay kaalintii laga rabay inay ka soo muuqdaan si loogu aaro nimankii laga dilay. Ugu dambeystii Cabdille waxa uu go'aansaday inuu gabay tiriyo oo guubaabo ah asoo ka xanaaqsan sida ay Cayrka u kala gaabiyeen balse ku dhaartey inuu aarsan doono intuu Ayaanle garab ka helaayo oo waagaas ahaa beel aan aad u badnayn. Waxuuna gabayga u dhacay sidatan: '''<nowiki>''</nowiki>''Eebow Ayaanlaan kuu ahay odaga aan sheegto''''' '''''inta kalana uurkiyo afkey iga inkaaraane''''' '''''Nimankii idiinta u ekaa amase Reer Aamin''''' '''''alashoobyadii Reer Xuseen soo angaraf maahan''''' '''''asaraarka aadamigaa waa loogu dowgalayee''''' '''''ilaahayow inaan aarsadaa wey ii ekoontahay<nowiki>''</nowiki>''''' Cabdille waxuu guubaabada sii raaciyey intaan asigoo Ayaanlaha kicinaayo markuu hiil ka waayey Cayrka kale: '''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Aaway gaadiyo guufiyo Guuleedkii gadfanaa ee gabuun qaadka badnaa''''' '''''Aawaya geesa cagaartii reer Xuseen gurumo''''' '''''Gurboodkii yaryaraa iyo Maxamuud Gondaweyne''''' '''''Geesi yaalkii tolkeey iyo meeye geeyshkii Ayaanle?''''' '''''Gulufkaan geli dooniyo keena gurmadka''''' '''''Ninkii Gaabiyey caawee gadaal uga laabtay''''' '''''Gabadhuu dhali dooniyo geyaankeena hadhow''''' '''''Guur waa ka mamnuuc!<nowiki>''</nowiki>''''' Cabdille markuu leeyahay ninkii gabiyey caawee gadaal uga laabtay waxuu ula jeedaa cidiisa ee dagaalka diiday. Ugu dambeystii Reer Ayaanle waxii ay waran iyo falaar heysteen intey gurteen ayeey Cabdille raaceen oo ay dagaal kula galeen nimankii gardarada ku laaye raggooda. Dagaalka dhowr maalmood buu socday farahana waa la isaga gubte waxuuna ka dhacay deegaan isku xirkiisa tahay 1200km² oo u dhaxeeya Ina med, Cadaxaar, Lafo gumcadle, Kediye, Afweyn, Bulacle oo Dhuusamareeb Bari ka wada xiga ilaa Xaduuda itoobiya deegaanada kala ah Ceel Habreed iyo Xamar tuurad oo ahayd meesha lagu qabtay Xersifiin oo ahaa ugaaskii Makaahil waagaas boqol rag ahna lagu yiri soo wareeji hadaa nabad rabto oo dibna looga laaye. Cabdille baa waxuu yiri: Boqol rag ah ii bixi Xersi fiinow Xersifiin boqolkii rag wuu bixiye asiga oo aan rabin inuu baxiyo. Xersifiin waxuu yiri asigoo careysan: Cabdillow waad i gumeysatee gun alahaa kaa dhigo waxaana alle ka barye inuusan bahdaa(Cayr) boqol ka reebin. Cabdilaa u jawaabay oo yiri: Xersifiiin doqon baa tahay hadaad xidigaha iyo ayaamaha wax ka ogtahay waxaad ogaan lahayd in xalay xil iigu dambeyse *'''Tolweynaana*''' xilka la wareegaayo ee boqolka nin soo wareeji. boqolkii nin iyagoo la soo wareejiye ayaa isla bartii lagu dilay iyagoo laga aaraayo kibirka iyo dagaalka ay la galeen beesha Cayr. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Tolweyne* waa 9 Kamida 10ka jufo ee Cayr maxamed marka laga reebo Beesha Yabadhaalo oo waagaas aad u badnayd lana ekayd Cayr intiisa kale. Ugaaskii markii dagaalka looga adkaaday Cabdulle Guure gabay buu raaciye oo uu ugu baanaayo inuu ka adkaade Xersifiin waxuuna yiri: '''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Ugaaskii Xaglaha weynaa xaaluf baa galaye''''' '''''Xersifiin ma soo dhugan wuxuu xoolo soo tubaye''''' '''''Xunbo daadataa laga dhigiyo xoor dabeyl helaye''''' '''''Xir galoolan baa lagu celshiyo xagar madowgiye''''' '''''Aniguna xanaaq baan qabaye xuliye teydiiye''''' '''''Xagga xabashidu ukacey ninkii godobta noo xeeray''''' '''''Xayawaanka sida fardaha xamarka mooyaane''''' '''''Xiliyada kuleylkaa xil baa saaran gooniya<nowiki>'e''</nowiki>''''' Waxaa xaqiiq aan la difiri karin ah in ciidanka horintiisa ah ee uu Cabdille Guure ku tashan jiray ay u badnaayeeyn Reer Ayaanle sida odayaasha beesha isku raaceen ciidankaas oo isaga u noqday garab iyo gaashaan uu isaga dhiciyo rag badan oo xifaaltan beeleed kala dhaxeeye sida Samatar dhaandhoobe, Jaqe iwm. ==== Cumar Oreey ==== Cumar Oreey waxuu la xili noolaa Cabdille Guure qarnigii 1700 oo isaga iyo Cabdille Guure ayaa taariikh badan dhex martay balse isagaa hadhow beesha Ayaanle hogaamintoodu la wareege markuu Cabdille da' gaaray. Cumar Oreey waxuu u dhashay reer ahaan Beesha Cayr gaar ahaan Reer Ayaanle Reer Oreey waxuuna ahaa nin abaanduul ah oo reerka ku hogaamiya iska caabin iyo iska celin markii lagu soo duulo. Cumar Oreey waxaa deegaanka uu joogey oo ey wada degnaayeen Hawiye iyo daaroodba looga yaqaane inuu ahaa nin birlab ah oo aanan laga lib keeni karin. Cumar Oreey waxaa fariisin u ahaa meel ka hooseysa magaalada Ceelhuur ee gobolka mudug oo maanta loo yaqaan Burkii Cumar Oreey. Burkii Cumar Oreey waa meel weli loo dalxiis iyo booqasho tago ilaa maanta iyadoo la xusayo Cumar Oreey sideeda kalena waa meel aad u qurux badan. Waagii uu Cumar Oreey noolaa Cabdulle Guurana uu noolaa waxaa mar dhacday in Jiilaal adag cida Cayr habsato. Cumar Oreey nin culumo wuu ahaa balse wuu dagaalami jiray oo tolkiisa ayuu gardarada ka difaaci jiray waxaana jirta oraah caan ka ah gobolada dhexe oo ah <nowiki>''Cayr waa culumo, Culumadoodana waa dagaalamaan wax iyaga ka adagna Alle baa jira.'' Cumar Oreey oo xidid la ahaa Beesha Mareexaan derisna la ahaa ayaa waxuu beesha Cayr kula taliye iney u guuraan dhulka mareexaan oo roob ka da'ay oo iyagu dhulkooda sararta ku haaye. Waxuu yiri ''War heedhe Cabdillow Cayrka abaartu haku horinine dhinaca mareexaan baa roobkii maraye axdina waan la galaye na mariya aan Awrta ku furane dhulkooda''</nowiki> Cabdille waa u cuntamis weysey waayo waxuu yiri <nowiki>''Roobka dhulka mareexaan maray oo daruurteeda hadeer dusheena saarantahay waxba haka cararinee abaarta, ilaahey wuu noo jeedaa aan halka naga ku sugano roobka waan ku heleynaaye''</nowiki> Wuu diiday Cumar Oreey cidiina wuu la guuray. Nin Gabooye ah oo mareexaanka la degnaa baa inta u yimid Cumar baa waxuu yiri <nowiki>''Caano iigu shub dhiisha saaka kadib inaan la iga siin baan u maleynaya''</nowiki> oo ah digniin in lagu soo aadan yahay oo la dhici doono halaha. Cumar Oreey wuu fahme digniinta waxuuna Geelii iyo cidahii usii daayey dhinaca Cayrka oo abaartu heysate. Geelii inteysan gaarin dhulka Cayrka degnaa ayaa nimankii Mareexaan soo duuleen waxeyna dhaceen Geelii waxii ay ka gaari kareen intii Kalana dhulkii Cayrka ah ayeey galeen. Cumar Oreey iyo intii la socotay oo qeylo dhaan ah ayaa u laabtay Cabdille Guure iyagoo leh waana la dhacay. Cabdille wuu hadlay waxuuna yiri asigoo Cumar Oreey ku xanaaqsan ''<nowiki>''Axmaqyahow caqliga gaaban lihi Awr la'</nowiki> baa maanta tahaye'' ''Maku iri ha degin irdood iyo Ximan ileygooda (Oo bari uga aadan dhuusamareeb)'' ''Maku iri Orshe markaad maree Awrta dib u laab'' ''Maku iri Afweyne haku furin adigu malaheyne'' ''Maku iri Axdiga la isku maray beyd kama abuurna(Oo uula jeedo mareexaanku axdi ma ilaaliyaan)'' ''Aamina rasuulka iyo halkuu ina Oreey joogay'' ''Maku iri axdiga la isku maray beyd kama abuurna'' ''Maku iri nin aradood qaboon eedin lama sheegin.<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' Dagaal ayuu u kacay Cumar Oreey isagoo tolkiisa wata waxaana gacanta mareexaan laga fara maroojiyey geelii ay dhaceen iyo geeloodii iyo Ceelkii Gujaale oo Mareergur maanta loo yaqaan kadibna ay soo dageen beesha Cayr. Ninka mareexaan ee waagaas Mareexaanka hogaan u ahaa waxuu ahaa Samatar Dhaandhoobe waxuuna ku calaacalay <nowiki>''Ceelkaa gujaalow hadii lagugu gaafeysto garbo qolaad ku raacdaba hadaan gacalo kaa dhowro''</nowiki> Gacalada waxuu ula jeedaa seedigiisa Cumar Oreey oo ceelka isaga kala wareege. Ceelka gujaale waxuu ahaa Ceel ey beelaha Gobolada dhexe dega oo dhan ka wada cabbaan waxaana Ceelka qoday Boqortooyda Ajuran. Waxaa ceelka gacan ku heyntiisa la wareegay beesha Sheikhaal waxaa sii xigay beesha Mareexaan waxaa la sii wareegay beesha Habargidir oo ilaa haatan dagan. Cumar Oreey waxuu qabay 4 naag oo Daarood wada ahaa iyaga ayaana aad uga marag kici jiray halyeeynimadiisa iyagoo isla cidiisa dhaliilayaan. Mid ka mida naagaha daaroodkaa uu qabay ayaa waxay tiri: <nowiki>''Cumar Oreeyow Hawiye noqo isma laheyne ilaahey baa kaa dhige''</nowiki> oo ey ula jeedo haddii aad Daarood ahaan lahayd oo Hawiye ku dhigi laheyd waxaa tolkayaga ku dhigtay magacaada geyi walbo waa la gaarsiin lahaa. Cumar Oreey waxuu ahaa nin culumo ah balse nin abaandula oo gobolada dhexe taariikh ku leh xaruntiisana ilaa maanta ayaa la booqdaa 250 Sano kadib faraciisana aad ayeey u badan yihiin maanta waana reer dhan oo Ayaanle laga yaqaan. ==== Baayac mushtarnimada Beesha(ilbaxnimada) ==== Beesha Ayaanle kahor intaan gumeysiga dalka soo cag dhigin waxeey ahaayeen dad dhulka Soomalida degta ku dhaqan oo dhaqanka Soomaliyeed ee xoolo raacatonimada iyo reer guuraanimada ku dhaqan sida Soomaalida kale. Guud ahaan beesha Cayr iyo Hawiyeba weligood waxey ahaayeen reero la macaamila dunida kale oo la ganacsada dalalka kale goor hore iyo haatanba. Waxaan ka soo xiganay Odayo dhaqameed u dhashey beesha Ayaanle in waagii hore ey jireen rag beesha ka tirsan oo dalal kale u safri jiray waxna ku kala iibsan jiray dalalkaas iyagoo badda doon ku maraya ama dhulka xeebaha Somalida waxooda ganacsiga ah la tagaya halkaana ka ganacsanaaya. Beesha Ayaanle baayac mushtarnimadooda waa mid xadaari ah oo ilaa goor ey reer yar ahaayeen ayeey dalka banaankiisa u ganacsi ugu safri jireen waxaana laga gartaa in odayada ey ku kala abtirsadaan reeraha hoos uga daga beesha ey reerahaas odayaashoodu ku sheegaan iney ganacsan jireen markii ey Xajka tagaan. Waxey sidoo kale ku ganacsan jireen dhulalka Somalida sida magaalada Harar oo aheyd xarun Ganacsi, Magaalada Zeylac iyo Magaalada Berbera. Dalalka ganacsiga ugu badan ee beesha ku ganacsan jireen waxuu ahaa dalka Yemen weliba magaalada Cadan ilaa goortii uu ingiriis ka soo dagay Cadan uu Xoghayaha Bulshada Somalida ee Cadan u wakiisheen ni Ayaanle Cayr ah oo Fiqishini ah iyo Wadanka Cumaan oo u talineyse qeybo kamida dhulalka Africa waagaas. Waxyaabaha ey ka ganacsan jireen ayaa waxaa kamida Qaxwada, faan maroodida, Baal Goroyo oo carabtu aad u jecleed, Dharka, Dhagorta xoolaha weliba idaha, Subaga, Biraha, Maacuunta deeganada iyo guud ahaan xoolaha. Waxyaabaha qaar ey ku badalan jireen waxaa kamida Xawaajka, Dahab, Biro, dhar ey gashtaan, cilmi ey bartaan, hub iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan. Talada guud ee beesha Ayaanle waxaa goyn jire Ugaaska beesha [[Cayr (beel)|Cayr]] oo hada toban oday soo tixan. Beesha waxey hogaamo u gaar ah yeelatay kadib markuu isticmaarka dalka soo galay eyna noqdeen beel aad u tira iyo xoolo badan waxii markaas xige oo kaligood magta iska bixin kara. === <u>Nabadoonadii ugu horeeye ay yeeshaan beelaha Ayaanle </u> === Ka hor intuusan gumeysiga dalka Somalia soo caga dhigan beesha Reer Ayaanle waxay ahaayeen beel hoos timaada Ugaaska Cayr oo ay weli hoos joogaan xukunkiisa. Hase yeeshe waxaa xiligaas soo if baxay baahi loo qabo in beesha yeelato talo hoose iyo nabadoono ka taliya danaha beesha sababo la xiriiri beesha oo aad u balaaratay iyo guud ahaan beesha Cayr oo noqotay dad aad u fara badan oo hal ugaas uusan arimahooda xallin karin. Waxaa la doortay 6 nabadoon oo talo dhexe ku lahaa arimaha beesha. '''Nabadoonada beesha Ayaanle waxey kala ahaayeen:''' '''Nabadoon Diini Beereed''' oo u dhashay jufada Weheliye Dheere hadhowna '''Nabadoon Sheikhdoon Cismaan Qeylo''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Qurbac '''Nabadoon Coloow Aftaag''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Ciyoow '''Nabadoon Mataan Axmed 'ilkoweyne'''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Liibaan '''Nabadoon Kaariye Kheyre Geed'''i oo u dhashay jufada ilmo Adeero '''Caaqil Maxamed Cabsiiye''' oo u dhashay jufada Fiqishini oo taladiisu gaar u ahaa. Sikasto haloo qeybiyo beesha weligood waxey ahaayeen dad isku duuban oo weligood gumeysigii dalka soo galay ka soo horjeeda mowqifkooduna waxuu ahaa Soomaali oo xor ah. Beeshu waxay aad uga soo horjeeday gumeysiga Koonfurta Somalia ka jirte gaar ahaan Ceelbuur iyo agagaarkeeda oo ey beeshu degnayd. Gumeystaha Ceelbuur Talyaani u fadhiye ee magaciisu ahaa Captain Carolei waxaa dilay 11 oo Beesha Cayr ah weliba Ayaanle u badan. ==== Cigayoon ==== "Maandhow Hawiye maanan diran maanta ka horowe..." Allah ya raxma Cigayon Maxamed wuxuu ka mid ahaa kumaanyaalkii Darwiish ee beesha Fiqishini uga qayb galay halgankii Boqor Diiriye Guure magac iyo guulna u soo hooyey Soomaalida degen Geeska Afrika. Inkastoo suugaanta iyo taariikh ururinta Soomalidu reer keliya gacanta u galeen hadana waxaa laga dhex helaa mid sida xabad hadhuudha uga badbaado naxariisdarada is weydaarka mooyaha iyo tibta! Cigayoon Maxamed oo Noolaa bilowgii qarnigii 19aad ma ahayn oo keliya mujaahid Darwiish ah ee wuxuu ahaa gabyaa ka mid ahaa khusuusidii ka ag dhoweyd sayidka ee uu talada iyo xogtaba weydiin jirey. Sida la malaynayo hilaadii 1901 ee qarnigii hore mar ay halganka Suldaan Diiriye Guure xoogiisu bilawga ahaa ayaa Sayidku u direy Cigayoon dhulkii ay maamulayeen isticmaarkii ingiriisku iyo inuu xog ka keeno gumaystaha iyo dadkii uu sayidku markaa u aaminsanaa iney midiidin u ahaayeen ingiriiska iyo xukunkiisa. Sayidku guubaabo Dhiirragelin, iyo tilmaanba siinaya darwiishkaa ayaa Wuxuuna ku yidhi: ''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Maandhow Hawiye ma aanan diran, maanta ka horoowe'' ''Bal inaad halyey leedihiin, la hubsan dooneeye'' ''Heelkaa horeetana Ilaah, hogol ha ka siiyo'' ''Geelkii Hargeysaad baruur, ka hirqan doontaaye'' ''Iiddoor waa hanfade, oo ku hubsan maayaane'' ''Hadey haybta kugu sii badshaan Habarjeclow sheego'' ''Hannaad baa Ilaahay ka dhigay, hoos u farara e'' ''Meeshay ku haasaawayeen, horay u sii joogso<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' markuu ala yaa raxma Cigayoon soo noqday isagoo Sayidka u warramayana wuxuu yiri: ''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Sayidii geddoodii la baray gaala qurunleeye'' ''Soo guure oo waxay degeen Dabagallooleeye'' ''Wuxuu gaashka dhow damacsanaa Gobolkii dheeraaye'' ''Waagoo guduutay alaab gibila qaataan e'' ''Gubniyuu u kala joojiyaa gegi habaas weyne'' ''“Goo” iyo wuxuu “Raydh” lahaa waanan garaneyne'' ''Gudub bay u fuulaan fardaha gaban sidiisiiye'' ''Sayiddii darmaan gaaxsanaa gaari mahayaane<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' ==== Dilkii gaalka fadhiye degmada Ceelbuur sanadka 1925 ==== ===== ^{Cabdulle Ciroobe} ===== Cabdulle Waxuu qeyb ka ahaa 11 Nin oo u dhalatay Beesha Habargidir Cayr welibo Reer Ayaanle oo abaabul ku sameye dilka gaalkii fadhiye Ceelbuur(El-bur) ee la oran jirey Captain [https://dirzon.com/Doc/Details/telegram%3ATangigii%20tigreega.pdf Carolei]. Xiligaas waxaa gaalka Ceelbuur fadhiye la shaqeynaye nin la dhihi jirey Ghelle Galaal oo adeer ugu aadan Gen. Maxamed NUUR Galaal. Waxuu bilaabay abaabul lagu dili lahaa gaalkii uu isaga u shaqeynaaye. Maalintii loo qorsheeye in la dilo gaalka waxaa gudaha u galay gaalka 3 nin oo 11kamida oo kala ah '''dhicishow faarax axmed, Ghelle Galaal iyo cabdule ciroobe''' 8 nin ee soo harte waxey joogeen bananka waxeyna kuwa gudaha ku jire ka ilaalinaayeen ciidanka talyaaniga oo banaanka jooge ee waardiye u ahaa Cap. Carolei si eysan isaga u badbadin. Ragga banaanka jooge waxaa ka mid ahaa '''Galaal Gawaafe oo dhalay Ghelle, iimaan Sharmaarke, kaahiye gabarow, Dhoore beereed ikwk'''. Gaalka waxa ku boode waxuu ahaa Cabdulle ciroobe oo si adag ula legdamey markii uu ka fakaday labadii kale ee Cabdulle la socotay waayo waxuu ahaa ninka meesha ugu xooga badnaa surtana midi ka geliye gaalkii oo isku dayaaye inuu cararo markuu bastooladiisa waaye. Markuu Cabdulle qabte gaalkii oo dhiig baxaa waxuu u yeeray labadii kale ine la qabtan waxuuna dhowr jeer ku bireeye qoortiisa, calooshiisa iyo lugtiisa mididiisa ilaa uu baqtiye. Gaaladii banaanka joogtay ayaa cabaadkiisa maqashay waxeyna isku dayeen inee badbaadiyaan balse ragga banaanka jooge ayaa la dirire oo iska caabiye. == Dadka wax galka ah ee ka dhashay beesha == General Maxamed Nuur Galaal General Cabdulqaadir Cali Diiriye "Subxaanyo" General Maxamuud Maxamed Xaashi "Shabeel" General Daahir Faarax Seed General Xasan Maxamed Xaashi <nowiki>''Anteeno''</nowiki> General Abdulqaadir Xaaji Diiriye "Hambacoor" General Mascuud Maxamed Warsame General Joondhoore Korneyl Xasan Daahir Aweys Xil. Mahad Maxamed Salaad Xil. Ilyaas Sheikh Axmed Xil. Maxamuud Salaad Nuur Xil. Salaad Cilmi Dhurwaa Dr. Mohamed Adam Jimcaale "Koofi" Wasiir Maxamuud Geelle Cilmi Korneyl Sheikhdoon Faarax Xalane Korneyl Maxamed Xirsi Dhoore "Curre" Korneyl Faarax Xaashi Maxamed-Carab Korneyl Maxamuud Cabdille Maxamed-Carab "Raambooye" Korneyl Af-iyo-Gacan Cabdille Maxamed-Carab Korneyl Bashiir Salaad Cilmi Korneyl Cabdi Guutaale Daqaf Korneyl Maxamed Ilkayare Korneyl Xersi Cali Mire Korneylad Ardo Faarax Cibaar Korneyl Maxamed Kaarabeyle } Korneyl Muxumad Kaarabeyle } walaalo Korneyl Cali Jiirow Sharmaarke Korneyl Cabdulle Dhanged Warsame Korneyl Gaambe Rooble Guure Korneyl Maxamed Cabdi Sandheere Korneyl Faarax Shiiwaar Ciye Korneyl Seerosento Korneyl Cabdi Nuure Siyaad "Cabdiwaal" Sheikh Daahir Aweys Sheikh Muuse Daahir Aweys Sheikh Maxamed Rashaad Sheikh Cabdikariim Maxamed Warsame Sheikh Cumar Cali Mire Abwaan Ismaaciil Geelle Faruur Abwaan Gabeyre Qool Mugooye Abwaan Xaashi Dugfaa Abwaan Dhuunkaal Faarax Barre Abwaan Axmed Faarax Kaahiye G. Baarlamaan Dr. Aadan Cabdullahi Aw-Xasan Gudoomiye Caliyare Cali Gudoomiye Maxamed Axmed Cantoobo Gudoomiye Cabdixakiim Dhagajuun Gudoomiye Faarax Cabdi Macalin Gudoomiye Cali Fahle Gudoomiso Maryan-Qani Subeer Gudoomiye Goleey Xasan Diini Gudoomiye Axmed Samatar-yare Nabadoon Maxamuud Jamaac Bootaan Nabadoon Bashiir Sheikhdoon Nabadoon Xasan Cabdullahi Ciidagale Nabadoon Muuse Xaashi (Goodir) Suldaan Mahdi Cabdirizaaq Maxamuud Suldaan Mustafe Awseed Ganacsade Xuseen Goleey Ganacsade Xuseen Cali Salaad Ganacsade Cabdinaasir Xaashi Garuun Ganacsatad Daruuro Xirsi Dhagoole Ganacsatad Qadro Dagaal Siyaad Beerale/Ganacsade Saleebaan Maxamed Saalax iyo dadkaloo farabadan oo aan halkaan lagu soo wada xusi karin rw57zff9m8xpq8xphz71jehr468oiau 306109 306066 2026-08-28T07:03:16Z Aarcad100 35722 Sixid qoraal iyo taariikh 306109 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hordhac == '''Ayaanle Cayr/Ayaanle Caroole''' waa beel ka tirsan beesha [[Cayr (beel)|Cayr]]''', Habar Gidir''' waana beel tira badan laguna sheego inay yihiin beesha ugu balaaran Habargidir iyo Cayr ee daga Koonfurta, Waqooyiga, Galbeedka iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya iyo Dowlad Deegaanka Soomalida Ethiopia. Ayaanle waa beel taariikh ku leh Somalia waxaa ka dhashay halyeeyo caan ka ah guud ahaan geyiga ay Soomalidu degto waana dad gobonimada iyo halganka Soomaalida qayb weyn ka qaatay. Taariikhda beesha ay leedahay maaha mid halkaan lagu soo koobi karo balse sharaxaad kooban waanu ka bixin. == Dhalashada beesha iyo siday u kala baxaan == Beesha Ayaanle Cayr waa beel ka tirsan beel weynta Cayr Maxamed. Dad badan ayaa u haysta inuu odaygii Cayr Maxamed dhalay Ayaanle balse arinku sidaas maahan. Cayr Maxamed iyo Ayaanle Caroole dhowr fac oo odayaal ah ayaa u dhaxeeya balse dadka ayaa Ayaanle Cayr isaga waca. Odayga Ayaanle waxaa wada dhalay Caroole Axmed oo Aabahiis ah iyo Hooyadiisa Faadumo Xassan Gaalshireed oo u dhalatay beesha Mareexaan Reer Xasan walaalahiisa waxaa kamida Babaanshe Caroole iyo Suubiye Caroole oo ay isku bah yihiin iyo Cabsiiye Caroole iyo Caalin Caroole(Reer Ugaas) oo ay Aabo wadaagaan. Abtirka saxda ee beesha waa: '''Ayaanle, Caroole, Axmed, Cabdalle, Samadoor, Dhowrakace, Abti-Edeg, Mucle 'Tolweyne', Cayr Maxamed, Madarkicis, Hiraab.''' meeshaan ka eego wada dhalashada beesha [[Cayr (beel)]]. Ayaanle Caroole waxaa la sheegaa waagii uu noolaa aabahiisii Caroole Axmed inuu u duceeye uuna ugu duceeye inuu noqdo qof tarma oo tigaada oo guusha la derista xaqa ilaaheyna ku dirira. Aabahii ayaa ku yiri Ayaanlow qaac aan la qaban karin Alle hakaa yeelo oo loola jeedo inay noqdaan dad aan dhabar go'in. Odayga Ayaanle Caroole waxuu ku dhashay meel hada loo yaqaan Bulacle oo Dhuusamareeb wax yar Bari ka xigta wuxuuna ku aasan yahay Gobolka Mudug qaas ahaan meel lagu magacaabo Geed Jimcaadkii Ayaanle oo ku taala degmada Xarardheere oo ka yara baxsan magaalada Xarardheere. Ayaanle waxuu dhalay 3 wiil oo tarantay iyo mid dhintay isagoon wax dhalin waxayna ahaayeen labo bah. # '''Weheliye''' '''Ayaanle''' oo loo yaqaan '''Cumar Weheliye''' # '''Fiqi Cumar Ayaanle''' oo loo yaqaan '''Fiqishini''' # '''Aybakar Ayaanle''' oo ah Yaraanka Ayaanle # '''Aflax Ayaanle''' oo aan wax awlaad ah ka tagin isagoo si kama' ah loo dilay. Weheliye waa bah gooni halka inta kale isku bah yihiin. === '''<big>1.Weheliye Ayaanle</big>''' === wuxuu dhalay hal nin kaliya oo ah: # '''Cumar Weheliye''' Cumar Weheliye 3 reer ayuu u kala baxaa '''-Reer Liibaan (Liibaan Maxamuud)''' '''-Reer Ciyoow (Ciyoow Maxamuud)''' '''-Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar''' Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar waa beel ka kooban dhowr jufo oo Cumar Weheliye ku wada abtirsada. Jufoyinkaan waxaa la isugu geeyay si loo mideeyo awoodda reeraha, mag-bixinta, qaaraanka, iyo nidaamka is-difaaca, kadib dagaallo badan oo saamayn ku yeeshay beesha. Jufooyinka ka kooban Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar waxay ka kooban yihiin toban (10) jufo-hoosaad, kuwaas oo ka soo farcamay Cumar Weheliye: 1. Reer Xusen Cumar Wehliye (Xusen Gurmo) 2. Reer Gurey Cumar Wehliye 3. Reer Samatar Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 4. Reer Amin Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 5. Reer Kheyre Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 6. Reer Gabow Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 7. Reer Goobaale Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 8. Reer Idle Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 9. Reer Afrax-dheere Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 10. Reer Cigale Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye === '''<big>2.Fiqishini ama Fiqi Cumar Ayaanle</big>''' === Fiqi Cumar waxuu ahaa nin Fiqi ah oo diinta si fiican ugu soo bartay magaalada Harar ee Ethiopia ku taal oo ahayd xarun diimeed waayihii hore. Waxuu ahaa nin Sheikh ah oo dadka diinta iyo quraanka bara weliba waxaa la sheegaa in uu aad u baray quraanka dadka uu ka dhashay iyo qolooyinka uu hadhow la dagay ee dega Sool iyo Sanaag. Waxuu ku aasan yahay degmada Xudun ee gobolka Sool waxuuna dhalay 2 wiil waxayna kala yihiin: '''1-Xassan Fiqi Cumar''' '''(Kuuloow)''' oo degan Galgaduud iyo hiiraan. '''2-Ismaaciil fiqi Cumar''' oo ay ka soo jeedaan afarta ardaa ee beesha Fiqishini ee degan gobolka Sool ahna xooga iyo tirada Fiqishini. Fiqi Cumar sababta keentay inuu u guuro gobolka Sool waxay la xiriirta dhimashada walaalkiisa Aflax Ayaanle oo si kama' ah uu u dilay ina adeerkiisa oo ina Babaanshe Caroole ahaa. Fiqi Cumar wuxuu codsaday in 100 halaad laga bixiyo walaalkiisa la dilay halka Cayrkii iyo Caroolihii waagaas joogay ay soo jeediyeen in 2 halaad oo mag ah la bixiyo maadaama dilku kama' ahaa, ahaana wax tolka ka dhex dhacay. Markii arinka la isku mari waayay ayuu Fiqi Cumar go'aansaday inuu ka carraabo geyiga reerkiisa degnaayeen. Isagoo sii socda ayaa waxaa faras uga daba yimid Aybakar oo ahaa walaalkiisa ka yar isku bahna ahaayeen. Aybakar ayaa isku dayay inuu Fiqi Cumar ku qanciyo inuusan guurin hase yeeshe Fiqi Cumar wuu ka dhego adeyge soo jeedintaas. Aybakar ayaa ugu dambayn ka codsaday walaalkiisa inuu labadiisa wiil mid u reebo waana sababta Xasan Fiqishini ugu nagaaday Koonfurta halka Ismaaciil uu ku tarmay Waqooyiga Somalia. <ref>Caaqil Cabsiiye</ref> === '''<big>3.Aybakar Ayaanle</big>''' === Aybakar waa yaraanka Ayaanle Cayr da' ahaan, waxuuna dhalay 2 wiil waxayna kala yihiin '''1-Maxamuud Aybakar (Reer Maxamuud Qurbac)''' * Jibriil Maxamuud * Samatar Maxamuud '''2-Weheliye Aybakar (Reer Weheliye Dheere)''' * Gaban Weheliye * Sharmaarke Weheliye * Jalo Weheliye == Taariikhda Beesha == Beesha Ayaanle Cayr waxay leeyihiin taariikh aad u fog waana beel lagu tilmaamo inay hormuud u yihiin walaalahood Cayr Maxamed iyo guud ahaan Beesha Habargidir. Ayaanle waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inay yihiin dad geesiyaal ah xaga dagaalka iyo cadow la dirirka. Waxaa ka dhashay Saraakiil ka dhex xusan taariikhda Soomaaliyeed oo la diriray cadowga ummada Soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid yihiin General Maxamed Nuur Galaal, General Abdulqadir Cali Diiriye 'Subxaanyo', General Maxamed Xaashi Maxamuud 'Shabeel', Korneyl Xasan Daahir Aweys iyo dad kaloo badan oo Somalida usoo hoyay taariikh wanaagsan. Waa dad Soomaalinimada ay ku weyntahay. === <u>Taariikhda beesha isticmaarkii ka hor</u> === ==== Cabdille Faarax Caddow Goroyo <nowiki>''Cabdulle Guure''</nowiki> ==== Xiligii imaamadii [[:en:Hiraab_Imamate|Hiraab]] jirtay waxaa beesha Cayr hogaanka u haaye beesha Yabadhaale Cayr oo ah jufo kamida jufooyinka beesha Cayr oo xiligaas beesha Cayr ugu tirada iyo xooga badnayd. Nin la dhihi jiray [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rhjclA1lqo Cabdulle Guure] oo u dhashay beesha Yabadhaale ayaa qarnigii 1700 hogaanka u qabtay guud ahaan beesha Cayr. Cabdille waxaa lagu xusaa inuu ahaa nin adadag oo hogaan adag leh isla markaana aad u caqli badnaa. Waxuu ahaa nin dagaal badan, mar walbana tolkiisa Cayr ayuu ku tashan jiray inay difaacaan saldanadiisa iyo guud ahaan Saldanadii hiraab uu ka tirsanaa. Cabdille waxaa lagu sheegaa inuu ahaa ninka keliya ee beesha Cayr wada xukuma taariikh ahaan warkiisana ay dhageystaan kuna dhaqmaan. Beesha Ayaanlena si gaara ah ayeey isagu ula socdeen oo beelaha kale uga soocnaayeen waxayna u ahaayeen tiir dhexaad uu ku tashto. '''_{Dagaalkii lafo gumcadle}''' Beesha Ogaadeen gaar ahaan jufada Makaahiil ayaa hada kahor iyagoo abaari keentay soo dagay dhulka ay beesha Cayr degnaayeen. Waxaa dhulka ku soo dhoweeyay Cabdille Guure oo Somalinimo iyo ehelnimo ku soo dhoweeye wuxuuna dejiyey deegaanka Bulacle iyo aaga ku hareereysan oo dhuusamareeb Bari ka xigta waxuuna u ogolaaday inay dhulka daaqsadaan xoolahooda, biyuhuna ka cabbaan ceelasha inta abaarta laga baxaayo. Muddo sidii ay dhulka u joogeen uguna nagaadeen heer loo ogolaaday inay Ugaaskooda Xersi Fiin ku caano shubtaan deegaanka, ayeey bilaaween inay fidno ka kiciyaan deegaanka. Deegaanka Bulacle oo xarun u ahayd beesha Cayr ayeey Makaahiilkii la soo dhoweeye dileen niman u dhashay beesha Ayaanle Cayr oo weliba Reer ilmo adeero cumar ahaa. Reer Xuseen gurumo iyo reer Aamin. Nimankii Makaahiil waa laga dabo ergeeye waxaana lagu yiri magta iska bixiya oo dhulka nabadii la idinku soo dhoweeye ku jooga. Nimankii Ogaadeen waa ay ka dhego adeygeen arinka waxayna bilaabeen inay si kibir leh ergadii beesha Cayr ula dhaqmaan waxayna isku dayeen inay dhulka xoog ku degaan iskuna fidiyaan. Muddo sidii looga dabo ergeynaaye ayuu Cabdille Guure waxuu bilaabay abaabul ciidan iyo guubaabo waayo waxuu ahaa hogaamiye naceb bahdilka iyo islaweynida. Cabdille intuu abaabulka waday jufooyin ka tirsan beesha Cayr ayaa dagaalka ka baaqday oo ay kamid yihiin jufada Yabadhaale ee Sabuux wace uu isaga ka dhashay oo u kacay dhinaca bari iyo Xarardheere. Cayrku beel ahaan waa beel aad u dhib badan xaga talada dhexe weyna adagtahay in xil, xayndho iyo ciidan Cayr ah meel la isugu geeyo si ay arin u wada dhameeyaan ama ka soo baxaan. Cabdille intuu abaabulka waday beelo badan oo Cayrka ah ayaa kaalintii laga rabay inay ka soo muuqdaan liicay. Cabdille waxa uu go'aansaday inuu Tix gabay ah tiriyo oo guubaabo ah isaga oo ka carreysan sida ay Cayrka u kala gaabiyeen balse ku ballamay inuu aarsan doono intuu reer Ayaanle garab ka helaayo oo waagaas ahaa beel aan aad u badnayn. Waxuuna gabayga u dhacay sidatan: '''<nowiki>''</nowiki>''Eebow Ayaanlaan kuu ahay odaga aan sheegto''''' '''''inta kalana uurkiyo afkey iga inkaaraane''''' '''''Nimankii idiinta u ekaa amase Reer Aamin''''' '''''allashoobyadii Reer Xuseen sow angaran maahan''''' '''''asaraarka aadamigaa waa loogu dowgalayee''''' '''''ilaahayow inaan aarsadaa wey ii ekoontahay<nowiki>''</nowiki>''''' Cabdille waxuu guubaabada sii raaciyey intaan isaigoo Ayaanlaha kicinaayo markuu hiil ka waayey Cayrka kale: '''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Aaway gaadiyo guufiyo Guuleedkii gadfanaa ee gabbuun qaadka badnaa''''' '''''Aawaya geesa cagaartii reer Xuseen gurumo''''' '''''Gurboodkii yaryaraa iyo Maxamuud Gondaweyne''''' '''''Geesi yaalkii tolkeey iyo meeye geeyshkii Ayaanle?''''' '''''Gulufkaan geli dooniyo keena gurmadka''''' '''''Ninkii Gaabiyee caawo gadaal uga laabtay''''' '''''Gabadhuu dhali dooniyo geyaankeena hadhowa''''' '''''Guurku waa ka mamnuuc'''''' Cabdille markuu leeyahay ninkii gabiyey caawee gadaal uga laabtay waxuu ula jeedaa cidiisa ee dagaalka diiday. SIdaas ayuuna Reer Ayaanle ku soo dagaal galiyay waxii ay waran iyo falaar heysteen intay gurteen ayeey Cabdille dagaalka u raaceen raggii gardarada ku laaye dadkoodana mid dhintay iyo mid baxsaday ayeey ka yeelee. Dagaalka dhowr maalmood buu socday farahana waa la isaga gubtay waxuuna ka dhacay deegaan isku xirkiisa tahay 1200km² oo u dhaxeeya Ina med, Cadaxaar, Lafo gumcadle, Kediye, Afweyn, Bulacle oo Dhuusamareeb Bari ka wada xiga ilaa Xaduuda itoobiya deegaanada kala ah Ceel Habreed iyo Xamar tuurad oo ahayd halkii lagu qabtay Ugaaska Makaahiil Xersifiin. Xersifiin iyo beeshiisa waxaa lagu amray inay soo wareejiyaan boqol nin oo ka dhashay oo dagaalyahano ah hadii ay nabad rabaan kaddibna boqolkii nin qoorta ayaa laga wada jaray. Cabdille markuu Xersi fiin qabnaayey waxuu ku yiri: Boqol rag ah ii soo bixi bixi Xersi fiinow Xersifiin boqolkii rag wuu bixiye isaga oo aan rabin inuu bixiyo. Xersifiin waxuu yiri isagoo carreysan: Cabdillow waad i gumeydayee gun Alle haa kaa dhigo waxaana Alle ka barye inuusan bahdaa(Cayr) boqol ka reebin. Cabdille ayaa u jawaabay oo yiri: Xersifiinow doqon baa tahay hadaad xidigaha iyo ayaamaha wax ka ogtahay waxna ishaari kartid waxaad ogaan lahayd in xalay xil iigu dambeyse *Tolweyne* Cayr ayaana cawada xilka la wareegaayo ee boqolka nin iga soo wareeji. boqolkii nin iyagoo la soo wareejiye ayaa isla bartii lagu dilay iyagoo laga aaraayo kibirka ay nimankii kowda hore ku dileen iyo dagaalka ay la galeen beesha Cayr. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Tolweyne* waa Cayr intiisa kale marka laga reebo Beesha Yabadhaalo oo waagaas aad u badnayd lana ekayd Cayr intiisa kale. Ugaaskii markii dagaalka looga adkaaday Cabdulle Guure gabay buu raaciye uu ugu baanaayo inuu ka adkaaday Xersifiin waxuuna yiri: '''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Ugaaskii Xaglaha weynaa xaaluf baa galaye''''' '''''Xersifiin ma soo dhugan wuxuu xoolo soo tubaye''''' '''''Xunbo daadataa laga dhigiyo xoor dabayl helaye''''' '''''Xir galoolan baa lagu celshiyo xagar madowgiye''''' '''''Aniguna xanaaq baan qabaye xuliye teydiiye''''' '''''Xagga xabashiduu ukacey ninkii godobta noo xeeray''''' '''''Xayawaanka sida fardaha xamarka mooyaane''''' '''''Xiliyada kuleylkaa xil baa saaran gooniya<nowiki>'e''</nowiki>''''' ==== Cumar Oreey ==== Cumar Oreey waxuu la xilli/ammin noolaa Cabdille Guure qarnigii 1700 isaga iyo Cabdille Guure taariikh badan dhex martay. Cumar Oreey waxuu u dhashay Reer Ayaanle reer ilmo Adeero waxuuna ahaa nin abaanduul ah oo reerka ku hogaamiya iska caabin iyo iska celin markii lagu soo duulo. Cumar Oreey waxaa fariisin u ahayd meel ka hooseysa magaalada Ceelhuur ee gobolka mudug oo maanta loo yaqaan Burkii Cumar Oreey waxayna ciidankiisu isku xirnaayeen illaa iyo Bulacle. Waagii uu Cumar Oreey noolaa Cabdulle Guurana uu noolaa waxaa dhulka beesha Cayr ku habsaday Jiilaal adag. Cumar Oreey nin culumo ah oo diinta yaqaan wuu ahaa hadane colka soo weerara reerkiisu iskama daawan jirin oo wuu dagaalami jiray oo tolkiisa ayuu gardarada ka difaaci jiray. Cumar Oreey oo xidid la ahaa Beesha Mareexaan derisna la ahaa ayaa waxuu beesha Cayr kula taliye inay u guuraan dhulka Mareexaan oo roob ka da<nowiki>'ay. Waxuu yiri ''War heedhe Cabdillow Cayrka abaartu haku horinine dhinaca mareexaan baa roobkii maraye axdina waan la galaye na mariya aan Awrta ku furane dhulkooda waxba naga hallaabi maayaane''</nowiki> Cabdille waagaas Mareexaankii aad ayeey isu haayeen umana cuntamin inuu iyaga u guuro waxuuna yiri <nowiki>''Roobka dhulka mareexaan maray oo daruurteeda hadeer dusheena saarantahay waxba haka cararinee abaarta, ilaahey wuu noo jeedaa aan halkeena ku sugano roobka waan ku heleynaaye''</nowiki> Wuu diiday Cumar Oreey inuu Cabdille dhageysto isaga iyo reero badanne waa ay guureen. Nin Gabooye ah oo Mareexaanka la degnaa baa inta u yimid Cumar ayuu waxuu ku yiri <nowiki>''Caano iigu shub dhiisha saaka kadib inaan la iga siin baan u maleynaya''</nowiki> oo ah digniin in lagu soo aadan yahay oo la weerari rabo. Cumar Oreey wuu fahmay digniinta waxuuna Geelii iyo cidahii usii daayey dhinaca Cayrka oo abaartu heysate. Geelii inteysan gaarin dhulka Cayrka degnaa ayaa nimankii Mareexaan soo duuleen waxeyna dhaceen Geelii waxii ay ka gaari kareen iyo xoolahii rag dhowr ahna wey dileen. Cumar Oreey iyo intii la socotay oo qeylo dhaan ah ayaa u noqday halkuu Cabdille Guure joogay iyagoo leh waa nala dhacay. Cabdille wuu hadlay waxuuna yiri asigoo Cumar Oreey ku xanaaqsan '''''<nowiki>''Axmaqyahow caqliga gaaban lihi Awr la'</nowiki> baa maanta tahaye''''' '''''Maku iri ha degin irdood iyo Ximan ileygooda (Oo bari uga aadan dhuusamareeb)''''' '''''Maku iri Orshe markaad maree Awrta dib u laab''''' '''''Maku iri Afweyne haku furin adigu malaheyne''''' '''''Maku iri Axdiga la isku maray beyd kama abuurna(Oo uula jeedo mareexaanku axdi ma ilaaliyaan)''''' '''''Aamina rasuulka iyo halkuu ina Oreey joogay''''' '''''Maku iri axdiga la isku maray beyd kama abuurna''''' '''''Maku iri nin aradood qaba oon eedin lama sheegin.<nowiki>''</nowiki>''''' Cabdille ujeedada gabaygiisa waxay ahayd inuu Cumar usheego inaysan Mareexaan xididtinimo xeerin, ayna ugu sii daran tahay hadii reerkaagu col kala dhexeeyo iyaga. Waxaa xusid mudan in Cabdille Guure ruuxiisu ay abtiyaal u ahaayeen Mareexaan ayna soo koriyeen hase yeeshe uu waa dambe ka soo dhex baxay iyaga, tolkiisana dhex yimid. Wuxuu ahaa nin abtiyaashiisa aad u garanaayo waxay gooyaan iyo waxay galaanba. Cumar Oreey wuxuu goaansaday inuu dagaal galo isagoo tolkiisa wata waxaana gacanta mareexaan laga fara maroojiyey geelii ay dhaceen iyo geel ay lahaayeen iyo Ceelkii Gujaale oo Mareergur maanta loo yaqaan kadibna ay soo dageen beesha Cayr. Ninka Mareexaan ee waagaas Mareexaanka hogaan u ahaa xaga dagaalka waxuu ahaa Samatar Dhaandhoobe waxuuna ku calaacalay <nowiki>''Ceelkaa gujaalow hadii lagugu gaafeysto garbo qolaad ku raacdaba hadaan gacalo kaa dhowro''</nowiki> Gacalada waxuu ula jeedaa seedigiisa Cumar Oreey oo ceelka isaga kala wareege. Ceelka gujaale waxuu ahaa Ceel ey beelaha Gobolada dhexe dega oo dhan ka wada cabbaan waxaana Ceelka qoday Boqortooyda Ajuran. Waxaa ceelka gacan ku heyntiisa la wareegay beesha Sheikhaal waxaa sii xigay beesha Mareexaan waxaa la sii wareegay beesha Habargidir oo ilaa haatan dagan. Soomaalida waxay u badnaayeen dad markasta ku loolama carshinta iyo ceelasha, dhulka uu hada ka hor Cabdille Guure ku yiri Cumar Oreey war ha dagin waxaa ugu dambeyn dhulkaas wada qabtay oo la wareegay Cumar Oreey iyo Cabdille Guure oo wada socda waxayna Mareexaan u durjiyeen qorax u dhac/Galbeed. Dhulkaas waxaa ka mida Orshe, Qabatuur, Afweyne Banaan, Irdood iyo ximanka ka ag dhow Dhuusamareeb oo wada ahaa ceelal wanaagsan. Cumar Oreey waxuu qabay 4 naag oo Daarood wada ahaa iyaga mid ka mida naagaha daaroodkaa uu qabay ayaa waxay tiri: <nowiki>''Cumar Oreeyow Hawiye noqo isma laheyne ilaahey baa kaa dhigay''</nowiki> oo ay ula jeedo haddii aad Daarood ahaan lahayd magacaada geyiga oo dhan waa laga xusi lahaa hase yeeshe Hawiyaha maahan dad taariikhda ilaaliyo. Cumar Oreey waxuu ahaa nin culumo ah balse nin abaandula oo gobolada dhexe taariikh ku leh xaruntiisana ilaa maanta ayaa la booqdaa 250 Sano kadib faraciisana aad ayeey u badan yihiin. ==== Baayac mushtarnimada Beesha(ilbaxnimada) ==== Beesha Ayaanle kahor intaan gumeysiga dalka soo cag dhigin waxeey ahaayeen dad dhulka Soomalida degta ku dhaqan oo dhaqanka Soomaliyeed ee xoolo raacatonimada iyo reer guuraanimada ku dhaqan sida Soomaalida kale. Guud ahaan beesha Cayr iyo Hawiyeba weligood waxey ahaayeen reero la macaamila dunida kale. Waxaan ka soo xiganay Odayo dhaqameed u dhashey beesha Ayaanle in waagii hore ay jireen rag beesha u dhashay oo dalal kale u safri jiray waxna ku kala iibsan jiray dalalkaas iyagoo badda doon ku maraya ama walxaxoodaha ganacsiga xeebaha camirnaa la tegaayo halkaana ka ganacsanaaya. Waxay inta badan ku ganacsan jireen dhulalka Somalida sida magaalooyinka Xamar, Seylac, Mareeg, iyo Berbera. Dalka ay aadka u tagi jireen dadkii ganacsatada ahaa ee beesha waxuu ahaa dalka Yemen weliba magaalada Cadan. Goortii uu ingiriis soo cag dhigay uuna qabsaday wuxuu Xoghayaha Bulshada Somalida ee Cadan ka ganacsata u wakiishay nin Ayaanle Cayr ah oo Fiqishini ah oo la dhihi jiray Maxamed Daqarre. Waxyaabaha ay ka ganacsan jireen ayaa waxaa kamida Qaxwada, faan maroodida, Baal Goroyo oo carabtu aad u jecleed, Dhagorta xoolaha weliba idaha, Subaga, Biraha, Maacuunta deeganada iyo guud ahaan xoolaha. Waxyaabaha qaar ey ku badalan jireen waxaa kamida Xawaajka, Dahab, Biro, dhar ay gashtaan, cilmi ay bartaan, hub iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan. Talada guud ee beesha Ayaanle waxaa goyn jire Ugaaska beesha [[Cayr (beel)|Cayr]] oo hada toban oday soo tixan. Beesha waxay hoggaamo u gaar ah yeelatay kadib markuu isticmaarka dalka soo galay. === <u>Nabadoonadii ugu horeeye ay yeeshaan beelaha Ayaanle </u> === Ka hor intuusan gumeysiga dalka Somalia soo caga dhigan beesha Reer Ayaanle waxay ahaayeen beel hoos timaada Ugaaska Cayr oo ay weli hoos joogaan xukunkiisa. Hase yeeshe waxaa xiligaas soo if baxay baahi loo qabo in beesha yeelato talo hoose iyo nabadoono ka taliya danaha beesha sababo la xiriiri beesha oo aad u balaaratay iyo guud ahaan beesha Cayr oo noqotay dad aad u fara badan oo hal ugaas uusan arimahooda xallin karin. Waxaa la doortay 6 nabadoon oo talo dhexe ku lahaa arimaha beesha. '''Nabadoonada beesha Ayaanle waxey kala ahaayeen:''' '''Nabadoon Diini Beereed''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Weheliye Dheere '''Nabadoon Sheikhdoon Cismaan Qeylo''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Qurbac '''Nabadoon Coloow Aftaag''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Ciyoow '''Nabadoon Mataan Axmed 'ilkoweyne'''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Liibaan '''Suldaan Kaariye Kheyre Geed'''i oo u dhashay jufada Reer ilmo Adeero '''Caaqil Maxamed Cabsiiye''' oo u dhashay beesha Fiqishini. Sikasto haloo qeybiyo beesha weligood waxey ahaayeen dad isku duuban oo weligood gumeysigii dalka soo galay ka soo horjeeda mowqifkooduna waxuu ahaa Soomaali oo xor ah. Beeshu waxay aad uga soo horjeeday gumeysiga Koonfurta Somalia ka jirtay gaar ahaan Ceelbuur iyo agagaarkeeda oo ay beeshu degnayd. Gumeystaha Ceelbuur Talyaani u fadhiye ee magaciisu ahaa Captain Carolei waxaa dilay 11 oo Beesha Cayr ah weliba Ayaanle u badan. ==== Cigayoon ==== "Maandhow Hawiye maanan diran maanta ka horowe..." Allah ya raxma Cigayon Maxamed wuxuu ka mid ahaa kumaanyaalkii Darwiish ee beesha Fiqishini uga qayb galay halgankii magac iyo guulna u soo hooyey Soomaalida dagan Geeska Afrika. Cigayoon Maxamed oo Noolaa bilowgii qarnigii 19aad ma ahayn oo keliya mujaahid Darwiish ah ee wuxuu ahaa gabyaa ka mid ahaa khusuusidii ka ag dhoweyd sayidka ee uu talada iyo xogtaba weydiin jirey. Sida la malaynayo hilaadii 1901 ee qarnigii hore mar ay halganka Suldaan Diiriye Guure xoogiisu bilawga ahaa ayaa Sayidku u direy Cigayoon dhulkii ay maamulayeen isticmaarkii ingiriisku iyo inuu xog ka keeno gumaystaha iyo dadkii uu sayidku markaa u aaminsanaa iney midiidin u ahaayeen ingiriiska iyo xukunkiisa. Sayidku guubaabo Dhiirragelin, iyo tilmaanba siinaya darwiishkaa ayaa Wuxuuna ku yidhi: ''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Maandhow Hawiye ma aanan diran, maanta ka horoowe'' ''Bal inaad halyey leedihiin, la hubsan dooneeye'' ''Heelkaa horeetana Ilaah, hogol ha ka siiyo'' ''Geelkii Hargeysaad baruur, ka hirqan doontaaye'' ''Iiddoor waa hanfade, oo ku hubsan maayaane'' ''Hadey haybta kugu sii badshaan Habarjeclow sheego'' ''Hannaad baa Ilaahay ka dhigay, hoos u farara e'' ''Meeshay ku haasaawayeen, horay u sii joogso<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' markuu Cigayoon soo noqday isagoo Sayidka u warramayana wuxuu yiri: ''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Maxamedow geddoodii la baray gaala qurunleeye'' ''Soo guure oo waxay degeen Dabagallooleeye'' ''Wuxuu gaashka dhow damacsanaa Gobolkii dheeraaye'' ''Waagoo guduutay alaab gibila qaataan e'' ''Gubniyuu u kala joojiyaa gegi habaas weyne'' ''“Goo” iyo wuxuu “Raydh” lahaa waanan garaneyne'' ''Gudub bay u fuulaan fardaha gaban sidiisiiye'' ''Maxamedow darmaan gaaxsanaa gaari mahayaane<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' ==== Dilkii gaalka fadhiye degmada Ceelbuur sanadka 1925 ==== ===== ^{Cabdulle Ciroobe} ===== Cabdulle waxuu qeyb ka ahaa 11 nin oo u dhalatay beesha Cayr welibo Reer Ayaanle oo abaabulay dilka gaalkii fadhiye Ceelbuur(El-bur) ee la oran jirey Captain [https://dirzon.com/Doc/Details/telegram%3ATangigii%20tigreega.pdf Carolei]. Gaalka waxaa loo magcaabay Xiligaas waxaa gaalka Ceelbuur fadhiye la shaqeynaye nin la dhihi jirey Geelle Galaal oo adeer u ah Gen. Maxamed NUUR Galaal. Waxuu bilaabay abaabul lagu dili lahaa gaalkii uu isaga u shaqeynaaye. Maalintii loo qorsheeye in la dilo gaalka waxaa gudaha u galay gaalka 3 nin oo 11kamida oo kala ah '''dhicishow faarax axmed, Geelle Galaal iyo Cabdule Ciroobe''' sideeda nin ee soo hartay waxay joogeen bananka waxeyna kuwa gudaha ku jiray ka ilaalinaayeen ciidanka talyaaniga oo banaanka jooge ee waardiye u ahaa Cap. Carolei si aysan isaga u badbadin. Ragga banaanka joogay waxaa ka mid ahaa '''Galaal Gawaafe oo dhalay Geelle, iimaan Sharmaarke, kaahiye gabarow, Dhoore beereed ikwk'''. Gaalka ninka legday waxuu ahaa Cabdulle ciroobe oo si adag ula legdamey markii uu ka fakaday labadii kale ee Cabdulle la socotay waayo waxuu Cabdulle ahaa ninka meesha ugu xooga badnaa surta ayuuna midi ka galiye gaalkii oo isku dayaaye inuu cararo markuu bastooladiisa waaye. Markuu Cabdulle qabtay gaalkii oo dhiig baxaaya waxuu u yeeray labadii kale inay la qabtaan waxuuna dhowr jeer ka bireeye qoortiisa, calooshiisa iyo lugtiisa ilaa uu baqtiye. Gaaladii banaanka joogtay ayaa cabaadkiisa maqashay waxeyna isku dayeen inee badbaadiyaan balse ragga banaanka jooge ayaa la dirire oo iska caabiye. Sidaas ayuuna ku baqtiyey gaalkii. == Dadka wax galka ah ee ka dhashay beesha == General Maxamed Nuur Galaal General Cabdulqaadir Cali Diiriye "Subxaanyo" General Maxamuud Maxamed Xaashi "Shabeel" General Daahir Faarax Seed General Xasan Maxamed Xaashi <nowiki>''Anteeno''</nowiki> General Abdulqaadir Xaaji Diiriye "Hambacoor" General Mascuud Maxamed Warsame General Joondhoore Korneyl Xasan Daahir Aweys Xil. Mahad Maxamed Salaad Xil. Ilyaas Sheikh Axmed Xil. Maxamuud Salaad Nuur Xil. Salaad Cilmi Dhurwaa Dr. Mohamed Adam Jimcaale "Koofi" Wasiir Maxamuud Geelle Cilmi Korneyl Sheikhdoon Faarax Xalane Korneyl Maxamed Xirsi Dhoore "Curre" Korneyl Faarax Xaashi Maxamed-Carab Korneyl Maxamuud Cabdille Maxamed-Carab "Raambooye" Korneyl Af-iyo-Gacan Cabdille Maxamed-Carab Korneyl Bashiir Salaad Cilmi Korneyl Cabdi Guutaale Daqaf Korneyl Maxamed Ilkayare Korneyl Xersi Cali Mire Korneylad Ardo Faarax Cibaar Korneyl Maxamed Kaarabeyle } Korneyl Muxumad Kaarabeyle } walaalo Korneyl Cali Jiirow Sharmaarke Korneyl Cabdulle Dhanged Warsame Korneyl Gaambe Rooble Guure Korneyl Maxamed Cabdi Sandheere Korneyl Faarax Shiiwaar Ciye Korneyl Seerosento Korneyl Cabdi Nuure Siyaad "Cabdiwaal" Sheikh Daahir Aweys Sheikh Muuse Daahir Aweys Sheikh Maxamed Rashaad Sheikh Cabdikariim Maxamed Warsame Sheikh Cumar Cali Mire Abwaan Ismaaciil Geelle Faruur Abwaan Gabeyre Qool Mugooye Abwaan Xaashi Dugfaa Abwaan Dhuunkaal Faarax Barre Abwaan Axmed Faarax Kaahiye G. Baarlamaan Dr. Aadan Cabdullahi Aw-Xasan Gudoomiye Caliyare Cali Gudoomiye Maxamed Axmed Cantoobo Gudoomiye Cabdixakiim Dhagajuun Gudoomiye Faarax Cabdi Macalin Gudoomiye Cali Fahle Gudoomiso Maryan-Qani Subeer Gudoomiye Goleey Xasan Diini Gudoomiye Axmed Samatar-yare Nabadoon Maxamuud Jamaac Bootaan Nabadoon Bashiir Sheikhdoon Nabadoon Xasan Cabdullahi Ciidagale Nabadoon Muuse Xaashi (Goodir) Suldaan Mahdi Cabdirizaaq Maxamuud Suldaan Mustafe Awseed Ganacsade Xuseen Goleey Ganacsade Xuseen Cali Salaad Ganacsade Cabdinaasir Xaashi Garuun Ganacsatad Daruuro Xirsi Dhagoole Ganacsatad Qadro Dagaal Siyaad Beerale/Ganacsade Saleebaan Maxamed Saalax iyo dadkaloo farabadan oo aan halkaan lagu soo wada xusi karin jl2fdbkm2xa12g6wszdj2ngm07b7967 306110 306109 2026-08-28T08:27:09Z Aarcad100 35722 306110 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hordhac == '''Ayaanle Cayr/Ayaanle Caroole''' waa beel ka tirsan beesha [[Cayr (beel)|Cayr]]''', Habar Gidir''' waana beel tira badan laguna sheego inay yihiin beesha ugu balaaran Habargidir iyo Cayr ee daga Koonfurta, Waqooyiga, Galbeedka iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya iyo Dowlad Deegaanka Soomalida Ethiopia. Ayaanle waa beel taariikh ku leh Somalia waxaa ka dhashay halyeeyo caan ka ah guud ahaan geyiga ay Soomalidu degto waana dad gobonimada iyo halganka Soomaalida qayb weyn ka qaatay. Taariikhda beesha ay leedahay maaha mid halkaan lagu soo koobi karo balse sharaxaad kooban waanu ka bixin. == Dhalashada beesha iyo siday u kala baxaan == Beesha Ayaanle Cayr waa beel ka tirsan beel weynta Cayr Maxamed. Dad badan ayaa u haysta inuu odaygii Cayr Maxamed dhalay Ayaanle balse arinku sidaas maahan. Cayr Maxamed iyo Ayaanle Caroole dhowr fac oo odayaal ah ayaa u dhaxeeya balse dadka ayaa Ayaanle Cayr isaga waca. Odayga Ayaanle waxaa wada dhalay Caroole Axmed oo Aabahiis ah iyo Hooyadiisa Faadumo Xassan Gaalshireed oo u dhalatay beesha Mareexaan Reer Xasan walaalahiisa waxaa kamida Babaanshe Caroole iyo Suubiye Caroole oo ay isku bah yihiin iyo Cabsiiye Caroole iyo Caalin Caroole(Reer Ugaas) oo ay Aabo wadaagaan. Abtirka saxda ee beesha waa: '''Ayaanle, Caroole, Axmed, Cabdalle, Samadoor, Dhowrakace, Abti-Edeg, Mucle 'Tolweyne', Cayr Maxamed, Madarkicis, Hiraab.''' meeshaan ka eego wada dhalashada beesha [[Cayr (beel)]]. Ayaanle Caroole waxaa la sheegaa waagii uu noolaa aabahiisii Caroole Axmed inuu u duceeye uuna ugu duceeye inuu noqdo qof tarma oo tigaada oo guusha la derista xaqa ilaaheyna ku dirira. Aabahii ayaa ku yiri Ayaanlow qaac aan la qaban karin Alle hakaa yeelo oo loola jeedo inay noqdaan dad aan dhabar go'in. Odayga Ayaanle Caroole waxuu ku dhashay meel hada loo yaqaan Bulacle oo Dhuusamareeb wax yar Bari ka xigta wuxuuna ku aasan yahay Gobolka Mudug qaas ahaan meel lagu magacaabo Geed Jimcaadkii Ayaanle oo ku taala degmada Xarardheere oo ka yara baxsan magaalada Xarardheere. Ayaanle waxuu dhalay 3 wiil oo tarantay iyo mid dhintay isagoon wax dhalin waxayna ahaayeen labo bah. # '''Weheliye''' '''Ayaanle''' oo loo yaqaan '''Cumar Weheliye''' # '''Fiqi Cumar Ayaanle''' oo loo yaqaan '''Fiqishini''' # '''Aybakar Ayaanle''' oo ah Yaraanka Ayaanle # '''Aflax Ayaanle''' oo aan wax awlaad ah ka tagin isagoo si kama' ah loo dilay. Weheliye waa bah gooni halka inta kale isku bah yihiin. === '''<big>1.Weheliye Ayaanle</big>''' === wuxuu dhalay hal nin kaliya oo ah: # '''Cumar Weheliye''' Cumar Weheliye 3 reer ayuu u kala baxaa '''-Reer Liibaan (Liibaan Maxamuud)''' '''-Reer Ciyoow (Ciyoow Maxamuud)''' '''-Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar''' Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar waa beel ka kooban dhowr jufo oo Cumar Weheliye ku wada abtirsada. Jufoyinkaan waxaa la isugu geeyay si loo mideeyo awoodda reeraha, mag-bixinta, qaaraanka, iyo nidaamka is-difaaca, kadib dagaallo badan oo saamayn ku yeeshay beesha. Jufooyinka ka kooban Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar Reer Ilmo Adeero Cumar waxay ka kooban yihiin toban (10) jufo-hoosaad, kuwaas oo ka soo farcamay Cumar Weheliye: 1. Reer Xusen Cumar Wehliye (Xusen Gurmo) 2. Reer Gurey Cumar Wehliye 3. Reer Samatar Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 4. Reer Amin Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 5. Reer Kheyre Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 6. Reer Gabow Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 7. Reer Goobaale Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 8. Reer Idle Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 9. Reer Afrax-dheere Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye 10. Reer Cigale Mohamoud Gondaweyne Cumar Wehliye === '''<big>2.Fiqishini ama Fiqi Cumar Ayaanle</big>''' === Fiqi Cumar waxuu ahaa nin Fiqi ah oo diinta si fiican ugu soo bartay magaalada Harar ee Ethiopia ku taal oo ahayd xarun diimeed waayihii hore. Waxuu ahaa nin Sheikh ah oo dadka diinta iyo quraanka bara weliba waxaa la sheegaa in uu aad u baray quraanka dadka uu ka dhashay iyo qolooyinka uu hadhow la dagay ee dega Sool iyo Sanaag. Waxuu ku aasan yahay degmada Xudun ee gobolka Sool waxuuna dhalay 2 wiil waxayna kala yihiin: '''1-Xassan Fiqi Cumar''' '''(Kuuloow)''' oo degan Galgaduud iyo hiiraan. '''2-Ismaaciil fiqi Cumar''' oo ay ka soo jeedaan afarta ardaa ee beesha Fiqishini ee degan gobolka Sool ahna xooga iyo tirada Fiqishini. Fiqi Cumar sababta keentay inuu u guuro gobolka Sool waxay la xiriirta dhimashada walaalkiisa Aflax Ayaanle oo si kama' ah uu u dilay ina adeerkiisa oo ina Babaanshe Caroole ahaa. Fiqi Cumar wuxuu codsaday in 100 halaad laga bixiyo walaalkiisa la dilay halka Cayrkii iyo Caroolihii waagaas joogay ay soo jeediyeen in 2 halaad oo mag ah la bixiyo maadaama dilku kama' ahaa, ahaana wax tolka ka dhex dhacay. Markii arinka la isku mari waayay ayuu Fiqi Cumar go'aansaday inuu ka carraabo geyiga reerkiisa degnaayeen. Isagoo sii socda ayaa waxaa faras uga daba yimid Aybakar oo ahaa walaalkiisa ka yar isku bahna ahaayeen. Aybakar ayaa isku dayay inuu Fiqi Cumar ku qanciyo inuusan guurin hase yeeshe Fiqi Cumar wuu ka dhego adeyge soo jeedintaas. Aybakar ayaa ugu dambayn ka codsaday walaalkiisa inuu labadiisa wiil mid u reebo waana sababta Xasan Fiqishini ugu nagaaday Koonfurta halka Ismaaciil uu ku tarmay Waqooyiga Somalia. <ref>Caaqil Cabsiiye</ref> === '''<big>3.Aybakar Ayaanle</big>''' === Aybakar waa yaraanka Ayaanle Cayr da' ahaan, waxuuna dhalay 2 wiil waxayna kala yihiin '''1-Maxamuud Aybakar (Reer Maxamuud Qurbac)''' * Jibriil Maxamuud * Samatar Maxamuud '''2-Weheliye Aybakar (Reer Weheliye Dheere)''' * Gaban Weheliye * Sharmaarke Weheliye * Jalo Weheliye == Taariikhda Beesha == Beesha Ayaanle Cayr waxay leeyihiin taariikh aad u fog waana beel lagu tilmaamo inay hormuud u yihiin walaalahood Cayr Maxamed iyo guud ahaan Beesha Habargidir. Ayaanle waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inay yihiin dad geesiyaal ah xaga dagaalka iyo cadow la dirirka. Waxaa ka dhashay Saraakiil ka dhex xusan taariikhda Soomaaliyeed oo la diriray cadowga ummada Soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid yihiin General Maxamed Nuur Galaal, General Abdulqadir Cali Diiriye 'Subxaanyo', General Maxamed Xaashi Maxamuud 'Shabeel', Korneyl Xasan Daahir Aweys iyo dad kaloo badan oo Somalida usoo hoyay taariikh wanaagsan. Waa dad Soomaalinimada ay ku weyntahay. === <u>Taariikhda beesha isticmaarkii ka hor</u> === ==== Cabdille Faarax Caddow Goroyo <nowiki>''Cabdulle Guure''</nowiki> ==== Xiligii imaamadii [[:en:Hiraab_Imamate|Hiraab]] jirtay waxaa beesha Cayr hogaanka u haaye beesha Yabadhaale Cayr oo ah jufo kamida jufooyinka beesha Cayr oo xiligaas beesha Cayr ugu tirada iyo xooga badnayd. Nin la dhihi jiray [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rhjclA1lqo Cabdulle Guure] oo u dhashay beesha Yabadhaale ayaa qarnigii 1700 hogaanka u qabtay guud ahaan beesha Cayr. Cabdille waxaa lagu xusaa inuu ahaa nin adadag oo hogaan adag leh isla markaana aad u caqli badnaa. Waxuu ahaa nin dagaal badan, mar walbana tolkiisa Cayr ayuu ku tashan jiray inay difaacaan saldanadiisa iyo guud ahaan Saldanadii hiraab uu ka tirsanaa. Cabdille waxaa lagu sheegaa inuu ahaa ninka keliya ee beesha Cayr wada xukuma taariikh ahaan warkiisana ay dhageystaan kuna dhaqmaan. Beesha Ayaanlena si gaara ah ayeey isagu ula socdeen oo beelaha kale uga soocnaayeen waxayna u ahaayeen tiir dhexaad uu ku tashto. '''_{Dagaalkii lafo gumcadle}''' Beesha Ogaadeen gaar ahaan jufada Makaahiil ayaa hada kahor iyagoo abaari keentay soo dagay dhulka ay beesha Cayr degnaayeen. Waxaa dhulka ku soo dhoweeyay Cabdille Guure oo Somalinimo iyo ehelnimo ku soo dhoweeye wuxuuna dejiyey deegaanka Bulacle iyo aaga ku hareereysan oo dhuusamareeb Bari ka xigta waxuuna u ogolaaday inay dhulka daaqsadaan xoolahooda, biyuhuna ka cabbaan ceelasha inta abaarta laga baxaayo. Muddo sidii ay dhulka u joogeen uguna nagaadeen heer loo ogolaaday inay Ugaaskooda Xersi Fiin ku caano shubtaan deegaanka, ayeey bilaaween inay fidno ka kiciyaan deegaanka. Deegaanka Bulacle oo xarun u ahayd beesha Cayr ayeey Makaahiilkii la soo dhoweeye dileen niman u dhashay beesha Ayaanle Cayr oo weliba Reer ilmo adeero cumar ahaa. Reer Xuseen gurumo iyo reer Aamin. Nimankii Makaahiil waa laga dabo ergeeye waxaana lagu yiri magta iska bixiya oo dhulka nabadii la idinku soo dhoweeye ku jooga. Nimankii Ogaadeen waa ay ka dhego adeygeen arinka waxayna bilaabeen inay si kibir leh ergadii beesha Cayr ula dhaqmaan waxayna isku dayeen inay dhulka xoog ku degaan iskuna fidiyaan. Muddo sidii looga dabo ergeynaaye ayuu Cabdille Guure waxuu bilaabay abaabul ciidan iyo guubaabo waayo waxuu ahaa hogaamiye naceb bahdilka iyo islaweynida. Cabdille intuu abaabulka waday jufooyin ka tirsan beesha Cayr ayaa dagaalka ka baaqday oo ay kamid yihiin jufada Yabadhaale ee Sabuux wace uu isaga ka dhashay oo u kacay dhinaca bari iyo Xarardheere. Cayrku beel ahaan waa beel aad u dhib badan xaga talada dhexe weyna adagtahay in xil, xayndho iyo ciidan Cayr ah meel la isugu geeyo si ay arin u wada dhameeyaan ama ka soo baxaan. Cabdille intuu abaabulka waday beelo badan oo Cayrka ah ayaa kaalintii laga rabay inay ka soo muuqdaan liicay. Cabdille waxa uu go'aansaday inuu Tix gabay ah tiriyo oo guubaabo ah isaga oo ka carreysan sida ay Cayrka u kala gaabiyeen balse ku ballamay inuu aarsan doono intuu reer Ayaanle garab ka helaayo oo waagaas ahaa beel aan aad u badnayn. Waxuuna gabayga u dhacay sidatan: '''<nowiki>''</nowiki>''Eebow Ayaanlaan kuu ahay odaga aan sheegto''''' '''''inta kalana uurkiyo afkey iga inkaaraane''''' '''''Nimankii idiinta u ekaa amase Reer Aamin''''' '''''allashoobyadii Reer Xuseen sow angaran maahan''''' '''''asaraarka aadamigaa waa loogu dowgalayee''''' '''''ilaahayow inaan aarsadaa wey ii ekoontahay<nowiki>''</nowiki>''''' Cabdille waxuu guubaabada sii raaciyey intaan isaigoo Ayaanlaha kicinaayo markuu hiil ka waayey Cayrka kale: '''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Aaway gaadiyo guufiyo Guuleedkii gadfanaa ee gabbuun qaadka badnaa''''' '''''Aawaya geesa cagaartii reer Xuseen gurumo''''' '''''Gurboodkii yaryaraa iyo Maxamuud Gondaweyne''''' '''''Geesi yaalkii tolkeey iyo meeye geeyshkii Ayaanle?''''' '''''Gulufkaan geli dooniyo keena gurmadka''''' '''''Ninkii Gaabiyee caawo gadaal uga laabtay''''' '''''Gabadhuu dhali dooniyo geyaankeena hadhowa''''' '''''Guurku waa ka mamnuuc'''''' Cabdille markuu leeyahay ninkii gabiyey caawee gadaal uga laabtay waxuu ula jeedaa cidiisa ee dagaalka diiday. SIdaas ayuuna Reer Ayaanle ku soo dagaal galiyay waxii ay waran iyo falaar heysteen intay gurteen ayeey Cabdille dagaalka u raaceen raggii gardarada ku laaye dadkoodana mid dhintay iyo mid baxsaday ayeey ka yeelee. Dagaalka dhowr maalmood buu socday farahana waa la isaga gubtay waxuuna ka dhacay deegaan isku xirkiisa tahay 1200km² oo u dhaxeeya Ina med, Cadaxaar, Lafo gumcadle, Kediye, Afweyn, Bulacle oo Dhuusamareeb Bari ka wada xiga ilaa Xaduuda itoobiya deegaanada kala ah Ceel Habreed iyo Xamar tuurad oo ahayd halkii lagu qabtay Ugaaska Makaahiil Xersifiin. Xersifiin iyo beeshiisa waxaa lagu amray inay soo wareejiyaan boqol nin oo ka dhashay oo dagaalyahano ah hadii ay nabad rabaan kaddibna boqolkii nin qoorta ayaa laga wada jaray. Cabdille markuu Xersi fiin qabnaayey waxuu ku yiri: Boqol rag ah ii soo bixi bixi Xersi fiinow Xersifiin boqolkii rag wuu bixiye isaga oo aan rabin inuu bixiyo. Xersifiin waxuu yiri isagoo carreysan: Cabdillow waad i gumeydayee gun Alle haa kaa dhigo waxaana Alle ka barye inuusan bahdaa(Cayr) boqol ka reebin. Cabdille ayaa u jawaabay oo yiri: Xersifiinow doqon baa tahay hadaad xidigaha iyo ayaamaha wax ka ogtahay waxna ishaari kartid waxaad ogaan lahayd in xalay xil iigu dambeyse *Tolweyne* Cayr ayaana cawada xilka la wareegaayo ee boqolka nin iga soo wareeji. boqolkii nin iyagoo la soo wareejiye ayaa isla bartii lagu dilay iyagoo laga aaraayo kibirka ay nimankii kowda hore ku dileen iyo dagaalka ay la galeen beesha Cayr. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Tolweyne* waa Cayr intiisa kale marka laga reebo Beesha Yabadhaalo oo waagaas aad u badnayd lana ekayd Cayr intiisa kale. Ugaaskii markii dagaalka looga adkaaday Cabdulle Guure gabay buu raaciye uu ugu baanaayo inuu ka adkaaday Xersifiin waxuuna yiri: '''''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Ugaaskii Xaglaha weynaa xaaluf baa galaye''''' '''''Xersifiin ma soo dhugan wuxuu xoolo soo tubaye''''' '''''Xunbo daadataa laga dhigiyo xoor dabayl helaye''''' '''''Xir galoolan baa lagu celshiyo xagar madowgiye''''' '''''Aniguna xanaaq baan qabaye xuliye teydiiye''''' '''''Xagga xabashiduu ukacey ninkii godobta noo xeeray''''' '''''Xayawaanka sida fardaha xamarka mooyaane''''' '''''Xiliyada kuleylkaa xil baa saaran gooniya<nowiki>'e''</nowiki>''''' ==== Cumar Oreey ==== Cumar Oreey waxuu la xilli/ammin noolaa Cabdille Guure qarnigii 1700 isaga iyo Cabdille Guure taariikh badan dhex martay. Cumar Oreey waxuu u dhashay Reer Ayaanle reer ilmo Adeero waxuuna ahaa nin abaanduul ah oo reerka ku hogaamiya iska caabin iyo iska celin markii lagu soo duulo. Cumar Oreey waxaa fariisin u ahayd meel ka hooseysa magaalada Ceelhuur ee gobolka mudug oo maanta loo yaqaan Burkii Cumar Oreey waxayna ciidankiisu isku xirnaayeen illaa iyo Bulacle. Waagii uu Cumar Oreey noolaa Cabdulle Guurana uu noolaa waxaa dhulka beesha Cayr ku habsaday Jiilaal adag. Cumar Oreey nin culumo ah oo diinta yaqaan wuu ahaa hadane colka soo weerara reerkiisu iskama daawan jirin oo wuu dagaalami jiray oo tolkiisa ayuu gardarada ka difaaci jiray. Cumar Oreey oo xidid la ahaa Beesha Mareexaan derisna la ahaa ayaa waxuu beesha Cayr kula taliye inay u guuraan dhulka Mareexaan oo roob ka da<nowiki>'ay. Waxuu yiri ''War heedhe Cabdillow Cayrka abaartu haku horinine dhinaca mareexaan baa roobkii maraye axdina waan la galaye na mariya aan Awrta ku furane dhulkooda waxba naga hallaabi maayaane''</nowiki> Cabdille waagaas Mareexaankii aad ayeey isu haayeen umana cuntamin inuu iyaga u guuro waxuuna yiri <nowiki>''Roobka dhulka mareexaan maray oo daruurteeda hadeer dusheena saarantahay waxba haka cararinee abaarta, ilaahey wuu noo jeedaa aan halkeena ku sugano roobka waan ku heleynaaye''</nowiki> Wuu diiday Cumar Oreey inuu Cabdille dhageysto isaga iyo reero badanne waa ay guureen. Nin Gabooye ah oo Mareexaanka la degnaa baa inta u yimid Cumar ayuu waxuu ku yiri <nowiki>''Caano iigu shub dhiisha saaka kadib inaan la iga siin baan u maleynaya''</nowiki> oo ah digniin in lagu soo aadan yahay oo la weerari rabo. Cumar Oreey wuu fahmay digniinta waxuuna Geelii iyo cidahii usii daayey dhinaca Cayrka oo abaartu heysate. Geelii inteysan gaarin dhulka Cayrka degnaa ayaa nimankii Mareexaan soo duuleen waxeyna dhaceen Geelii waxii ay ka gaari kareen iyo xoolahii rag dhowr ahna wey dileen. Cumar Oreey iyo intii la socotay oo qeylo dhaan ah ayaa u noqday halkuu Cabdille Guure joogay iyagoo leh waa nala dhacay. Cabdille wuu hadlay waxuuna yiri asigoo Cumar Oreey ku xanaaqsan '''''<nowiki>''Axmaqyahow caqliga gaaban lihi Awr la'</nowiki> baa maanta tahaye''''' '''''Maku iri ha degin irdood iyo Ximan ileygooda (Oo bari uga aadan dhuusamareeb)''''' '''''Maku iri Orshe markaad maree Awrta dib u laab''''' '''''Maku iri Afweyne haku furin adigu malaheyne''''' '''''Maku iri Axdiga la isku maray beyd kama abuurna(Oo uula jeedo mareexaanku axdi ma ilaaliyaan)''''' '''''Aamina rasuulka iyo halkuu ina Oreey joogay''''' '''''Maku iri axdiga la isku maray beyd kama abuurna''''' '''''Maku iri nin aradood qaba oon eedin lama sheegin.<nowiki>''</nowiki>''''' Cabdille ujeedada gabaygiisa waxay ahayd inuu Cumar usheego inaysan Mareexaan xididtinimo xeerin, ayna ugu sii daran tahay hadii reerkaagu col kala dhexeeyo iyaga. Waxaa xusid mudan in Cabdille Guure ruuxiisu ay abtiyaal u ahaayeen Mareexaan ayna soo koriyeen hase yeeshe uu waa dambe ka soo dhex baxay iyaga, tolkiisana dhex yimid. Wuxuu ahaa nin abtiyaashiisa aad u garanaayo waxay gooyaan iyo waxay galaanba. Cumar Oreey wuxuu goaansaday inuu dagaal galo isagoo tolkiisa wata waxaana gacanta mareexaan laga fara maroojiyey geelii ay dhaceen iyo geel ay lahaayeen iyo Ceelkii Gujaale oo Mareergur maanta loo yaqaan kadibna ay soo dageen beesha Cayr. Ninka Mareexaan ee waagaas Mareexaanka hogaan u ahaa xaga dagaalka waxuu ahaa Samatar Dhaandhoobe waxuuna ku calaacalay <nowiki>''Ceelkaa gujaalow hadii lagugu gaafeysto garbo qolaad ku raacdaba hadaan gacalo kaa dhowro''</nowiki> Gacalada waxuu ula jeedaa seedigiisa Cumar Oreey oo ceelka isaga kala wareege. Ceelka gujaale waxuu ahaa Ceel ey beelaha Gobolada dhexe dega oo dhan ka wada cabbaan waxaana Ceelka qoday Boqortooyda Ajuran. Waxaa ceelka gacan ku heyntiisa la wareegay beesha Sheikhaal waxaa sii xigay beesha Mareexaan waxaa la sii wareegay beesha Habargidir oo ilaa haatan dagan. Soomaalida waxay u badnaayeen dad markasta ku loolama carshinta iyo ceelasha, dhulka uu hada ka hor Cabdille Guure ku yiri Cumar Oreey war ha dagin waxaa ugu dambeyn dhulkaas wada qabtay oo la wareegay Cumar Oreey iyo Cabdille Guure oo wada socda waxayna Mareexaan u durjiyeen qorax u dhac/Galbeed. Dhulkaas waxaa ka mida Orshe, Qabatuur, Afweyne Banaan, Irdood iyo ximanka ka ag dhow Dhuusamareeb oo wada ahaa ceelal wanaagsan. Cumar Oreey waxuu qabay 4 naag oo Daarood wada ahaa iyaga mid ka mida naagaha daaroodkaa uu qabay ayaa waxay tiri: <nowiki>''Cumar Oreeyow Hawiye noqo isma laheyne ilaahey baa kaa dhigay''</nowiki> oo ay ula jeedo haddii aad Daarood ahaan lahayd magacaada geyiga oo dhan waa laga xusi lahaa hase yeeshe Hawiyaha maahan dad taariikhda ilaaliyo. Cumar Oreey waxuu ahaa nin culumo ah balse nin abaandula oo gobolada dhexe taariikh ku leh xaruntiisana ilaa maanta ayaa la booqdaa 250 Sano kadib faraciisana aad ayeey u badan yihiin. ==== Baayac mushtarnimada Beesha(ilbaxnimada) ==== Beesha Ayaanle kahor intaan gumeysiga dalka soo cag dhigin waxeey ahaayeen dad dhulka Soomalida degta ku dhaqan oo dhaqanka Soomaliyeed ee xoolo raacatonimada iyo reer guuraanimada ku dhaqan sida Soomaalida kale. Guud ahaan beesha Cayr iyo Hawiyeba weligood waxey ahaayeen reero la macaamila dunida kale. Waxaan ka soo xiganay Odayo dhaqameed u dhashey beesha Ayaanle in waagii hore ay jireen rag beesha u dhashay oo dalal kale u safri jiray waxna ku kala iibsan jiray dalalkaas iyagoo badda doon ku maraya ama walxaxoodaha ganacsiga xeebaha camirnaa la tegaayo halkaana ka ganacsanaaya. Waxay inta badan ku ganacsan jireen dhulalka Somalida sida magaalooyinka Xamar, Seylac, Mareeg, iyo Berbera. Dalka ay aadka u tagi jireen dadkii ganacsatada ahaa ee beesha waxuu ahaa dalka Yemen weliba magaalada Cadan. Goortii uu ingiriis soo cag dhigay uuna qabsaday wuxuu Xoghayaha Bulshada Somalida ee Cadan ka ganacsata u wakiishay nin Ayaanle Cayr ah oo Fiqishini ah oo la dhihi jiray Maxamed Daqarre. Waxyaabaha ay ka ganacsan jireen ayaa waxaa kamida Qaxwada, faan maroodida, Baal Goroyo oo carabtu aad u jecleed, Dhagorta xoolaha weliba idaha, Subaga, Biraha, Maacuunta deeganada iyo guud ahaan xoolaha. Waxyaabaha qaar ey ku badalan jireen waxaa kamida Xawaajka, Dahab, Biro, dhar ay gashtaan, cilmi ay bartaan, hub iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan. Talada guud ee beesha Ayaanle waxaa goyn jire Ugaaska beesha [[Cayr (beel)|Cayr]] oo hada toban oday soo tixan. Beesha waxay hoggaamo u gaar ah yeelatay kadib markuu isticmaarka dalka soo galay. === <small>Nabadoonadii ugu horeeye ay yeeshaan beelaha Ayaanle</small> === Ka hor intuusan gumeysiga dalka Somalia soo caga dhigan beesha Reer Ayaanle waxay ahaayeen beel hoos timaada Ugaaska Cayr oo ay weli hoos joogaan xukunkiisa. Hase yeeshe waxaa xiligaas soo if baxay baahi loo qabo in beesha yeelato talo hoose iyo nabadoono ka taliya danaha beesha sababo la xiriiri beesha oo aad u balaaratay iyo guud ahaan beesha Cayr oo noqotay dad aad u fara badan oo hal ugaas uusan arimahooda xallin karin. Waxaa la doortay 6 nabadoon oo talo dhexe ku lahaa arimaha beesha. '''Nabadoonada beesha Ayaanle waxey kala ahaayeen:''' '''Nabadoon Diini Beereed''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Weheliye Dheere '''Nabadoon Sheikhdoon Cismaan Qeylo''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Qurbac '''Nabadoon Coloow Aftaag''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Ciyoow '''Nabadoon Mataan Axmed 'ilkoweyne'''' oo u dhashay jufada Reer Liibaan '''Suldaan Kaariye Kheyre Geed'''i oo u dhashay jufada Reer ilmo Adeero '''Caaqil Maxamed Cabsiiye''' oo u dhashay beesha Fiqishini. Sikasto haloo qeybiyo beesha weligood waxey ahaayeen dad isku duuban oo weligood gumeysigii dalka soo galay ka soo horjeeda mowqifkooduna waxuu ahaa Soomaali oo xor ah. Beeshu waxay aad uga soo horjeeday gumeysiga Koonfurta Somalia ka jirtay gaar ahaan Ceelbuur iyo agagaarkeeda oo ay beeshu degnayd. Gumeystaha Ceelbuur Talyaani u fadhiye ee magaciisu ahaa Captain Carolei waxaa dilay 11 oo Beesha Cayr ah weliba Ayaanle u badan. ==== Cigayoon ==== "Maandhow Hawiye maanan diran maanta ka horowe..." Allah ya raxma Cigayon Maxamed wuxuu ka mid ahaa kumaanyaalkii Darwiish ee beesha Fiqishini uga qayb galay halgankii magac iyo guulna u soo hooyey Soomaalida dagan Geeska Afrika. Cigayoon Maxamed oo Noolaa bilowgii qarnigii 19aad ma ahayn oo keliya mujaahid Darwiish ah ee wuxuu ahaa gabyaa ka mid ahaa khusuusidii ka ag dhoweyd sayidka ee uu talada iyo xogtaba weydiin jirey. Sida la malaynayo hilaadii 1901 ee qarnigii hore mar ay halganka Suldaan Diiriye Guure xoogiisu bilawga ahaa ayaa Sayidku u direy Cigayoon dhulkii ay maamulayeen isticmaarkii ingiriisku iyo inuu xog ka keeno gumaystaha iyo dadkii uu sayidku markaa u aaminsanaa iney midiidin u ahaayeen ingiriiska iyo xukunkiisa. Sayidku guubaabo Dhiirragelin, iyo tilmaanba siinaya darwiishkaa ayaa Wuxuuna ku yidhi: ''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Maandhow Hawiye ma aanan diran, maanta ka horoowe'' ''Bal inaad halyey leedihiin, la hubsan dooneeye'' ''Heelkaa horeetana Ilaah, hogol ha ka siiyo'' ''Geelkii Hargeysaad baruur, ka hirqan doontaaye'' ''Iiddoor waa hanfade, oo ku hubsan maayaane'' ''Hadey haybta kugu sii badshaan Habarjeclow sheego'' ''Hannaad baa Ilaahay ka dhigay, hoos u farara e'' ''Meeshay ku haasaawayeen, horay u sii joogso<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' markuu Cigayoon soo noqday isagoo Sayidka u warramayana wuxuu yiri: ''<nowiki>''</nowiki>Maxamedow geddoodii la baray gaala qurunleeye'' ''Soo guure oo waxay degeen Dabagallooleeye'' ''Wuxuu gaashka dhow damacsanaa Gobolkii dheeraaye'' ''Waagoo guduutay alaab gibila qaataan e'' ''Gubniyuu u kala joojiyaa gegi habaas weyne'' ''“Goo” iyo wuxuu “Raydh” lahaa waanan garaneyne'' ''Gudub bay u fuulaan fardaha gaban sidiisiiye'' ''Maxamedow darmaan gaaxsanaa gaari mahayaane<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' ==== Dilkii gaalka fadhiye degmada Ceelbuur sanadka 1925 ==== ===== ^{Cabdulle Ciroobe} ===== Cabdulle waxuu qeyb ka ahaa 11 nin oo u dhalatay beesha Cayr welibo Reer Ayaanle oo abaabulay dilka gaalkii fadhiye Ceelbuur(El-bur) ee la oran jirey Captain [https://dirzon.com/Doc/Details/telegram%3ATangigii%20tigreega.pdf Carolei]. Gaalka Ceelbuur fadhiyey ayaa maalin shiriyey cuqaasha degaanka wuxuuna ku amray inay u smaeeyaan 4 arrin oo liddi ku aheyd diinta suuban iyo dhaqanka Soomaalida. Wuxuu amray in: * Subax walbo loo qalo doofaar * Bil walba loo keeno gabar jaariyad ah * Rag iyo awr isaga u adeega * Haween raashinka u kariya. Xiligaas waxaa gaalka Ceelbuur fadhiye la shaqeynaye nin la dhihi jirey Geelle Galaal oo adeer u ah Gen. Maxamed NUUR Galaal. Waxuu bilaabay abaabul lagu dili lahaa gaalkii uu isaga u shaqeynaaye. Maalintii loo qorsheeye in la dilo gaalka waxaa gudaha u galay gaalka 4 kamida 11 nin oo oo kala ahaa '''Geelle Galaal, Cabdule Ciroobe, Dhicisow Faarax Axmed iyo Cumar Samatar oo Majeerteen ahaa abaabulkana qeyb ka ahaa.''' 7 nin ee soo hartay waxay joogeen bananka waxeyna kuwa gudaha ku jiray ka ilaalinaayeen ciidanka talyaaniga oo banaanka jooge ee waardiye u ahaa Cap. Carolei si aysan isaga u badbadin. Ragga banaanka joogay waxaa ka mid ahaa '''Galaal Gawaafe oo dhalay Geelle, iimaan Sharmaarke, Kaariye gabarow, Dhoore beereed ikwk'''. Gaalka ninka legday waxuu ahaa Cabdulle ciroobe oo si adag ula legdamey markii uu ka fakaday labadii kale ee Cabdulle la socotay waayo waxuu Cabdulle ahaa ninka meesha ugu xooga badnaa surta ayuuna midi ka galiye gaalkii oo isku dayaaye inuu cararo markuu bastooladiisa waaye. Markuu Cabdulle qabtay gaalkii oo dhiig baxaaya waxuu u yeeray 3dii nin kale inay la qabtaan waxuuna dhowr jeer ka bireeye qoortiisa, calooshiisa iyo lugtiisa ilaa uu baqtiye. Gaaladii banaanka joogtay ayaa cabaadkiisa maqashay waxeyna isku dayeen inee badbaadiyaan balse ragga banaanka jooge ayaa la dirire oo iska caabiye. Sidaas ayuuna ku baqtiyey gaalkii. == Dadka wax galka ah ee ka dhashay beesha == General Maxamed Nuur Galaal General Cabdulqaadir Cali Diiriye "Subxaanyo" General Maxamuud Maxamed Xaashi "Shabeel" General Daahir Faarax Seed General Xasan Maxamed Xaashi <nowiki>''Anteeno''</nowiki> General Abdulqaadir Xaaji Diiriye "Hambacoor" General Mascuud Maxamed Warsame General Joondhoore Korneyl Xasan Daahir Aweys Xil. Mahad Maxamed Salaad Xil. Ilyaas Sheikh Axmed Xil. Maxamuud Salaad Nuur Xil. Salaad Cilmi Dhurwaa Dr. Mohamed Adam Jimcaale "Koofi" Wasiir Maxamuud Geelle Cilmi Korneyl Sheikhdoon Faarax Xalane Korneyl Maxamed Xirsi Dhoore "Curre" Korneyl Faarax Xaashi Maxamed-Carab Korneyl Maxamuud Cabdille Maxamed-Carab "Raambooye" Korneyl Af-iyo-Gacan Cabdille Maxamed-Carab Korneyl Bashiir Salaad Cilmi Korneyl Cabdi Guutaale Daqaf Korneyl Maxamed Ilkayare Korneyl Xersi Cali Mire Korneylad Ardo Faarax Cibaar Korneyl Maxamed Kaarabeyle } Korneyl Muxumad Kaarabeyle } walaalo Korneyl Cali Jiirow Sharmaarke Korneyl Cabdulle Dhanged Warsame Korneyl Gaambe Rooble Guure Korneyl Maxamed Cabdi Sandheere Korneyl Faarax Shiiwaar Ciye Korneyl Seerosento Korneyl Cabdi Nuure Siyaad "Cabdiwaal" Sheikh Daahir Aweys Sheikh Muuse Daahir Aweys Sheikh Maxamed Rashaad Sheikh Cabdikariim Maxamed Warsame Sheikh Cumar Cali Mire Abwaan Ismaaciil Geelle Faruur Abwaan Gabeyre Qool Mugooye Abwaan Xaashi Dugfaa Abwaan Dhuunkaal Faarax Barre Abwaan Axmed Faarax Kaahiye G. Baarlamaan Dr. Aadan Cabdullahi Aw-Xasan Gudoomiye Caliyare Cali Gudoomiye Maxamed Axmed Cantoobo Gudoomiye Cabdixakiim Dhagajuun Gudoomiye Faarax Cabdi Macalin Gudoomiye Cali Fahle Gudoomiso Maryan-Qani Subeer Gudoomiye Goleey Xasan Diini Gudoomiye Axmed Samatar-yare Nabadoon Maxamuud Jamaac Bootaan Nabadoon Bashiir Sheikhdoon Nabadoon Xasan Cabdullahi Ciidagale Nabadoon Muuse Xaashi (Goodir) Suldaan Mahdi Cabdirizaaq Maxamuud Suldaan Mustafe Awseed Ganacsade Xuseen Goleey Ganacsade Xuseen Cali Salaad Ganacsade Cabdinaasir Xaashi Garuun Ganacsatad Daruuro Xirsi Dhagoole Ganacsatad Qadro Dagaal Siyaad Beerale/Ganacsade Saleebaan Maxamed Saalax iyo dadkaloo farabadan oo aan halkaan lagu soo wada xusi karin 7iroacs5n1khh00i85p9ck4y3nkq1dd 0 23494 306062 210637 2026-08-28T00:22:52Z Soalt 39618 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 306062 wikitext text/x-wiki Hurduo ingiriis '''oxpeckers''' waa jaad ka mida shimbiraha hilibka cuna oo ku abtirsada bada '''Buphagidae'''.  huryada ayaa Shilinta ka gurata  [[Xoolo|xoolaha]], haddii ay dhaawac yihiinna waa ka danqisaa. == Tilmaan == Huryo waa shimbir midab dambas iyo kafee dansan isugu jira le, way af dhuubantahay fiidda hore waa casaan dhiig la moodo, qaybta dhexe ee afkana waa jaalle,  indheheedu waa casaan iyana birta ishuna waa madow. === Quudka === [[File:Oxpeckers on Kudu.jpg|thumb|500px|Huryo oo dul saaran nooc ka mida biciidka]] [[File:Yellow-billed_Oxpecker_(Buphagus_africanus),_Masi_Mara.jpg|500px|thumb]] waxay quudataa shilinta xoolaha saaran, mar marna nabarrada xoolaha ayay ka dhiijisaa. Waxa ku qoran 'Shimbiraha noocaan ah waxay u qaraab tagaan oogada geela iyo lo'da, iyagoo dhinac kasta kaga dega ayey sida quutaanquutadu ay jirridda geedka u garaacdo u garaacaan neefka. Iyagoo goobaya shilinta ayey weerar ku qaadaan noolahaas afr-addinlaha ah, mararna boogaha ayey sii danqiyaan, si aaney u bogsan. Waxa ay kaga degaan neefka meel kasta sida madaxa, lugta iyo meel kasta oo jirkooda ka mid ah. Marna waxan arkay shimbir kuwaas ka mid ah oo dhegaha neefka baareysa kalana soo baxaysa [[Xasharaad|cayayaan]] ay dhegaha hasha ama saca ka dhex heshay, xooluhuna raalli bey ka yihiin dhaqankaas oo wax diidmo ah ma muujiyaan.. Si kedis ah ayaa raxantu inta duusho muddo gaaban ku soo noqotaa oo dib u bilaabaan hawlgalkii mar kale." r9yixym1u808o7ogd42tgkbbvco28a6 0 23776 306063 301010 2026-08-28T00:35:54Z Soalt 39618 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|2|0 */ 306063 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_(4096a7ac-b0a9-d97f-fba2-c4f8ae6da5e9).jpg|thumb]] Dagaalkii -Pearl Harbor Hawaii Weerarka lagu qaaday Pearl Harbor wuxuu ahaa weerar isdaba joog ah oo ka dhacay Adeegga Ciidanka Bada ee Imperial Japanese Navy oo ka soo horjeeday saldhigga ciidamada Maraykanka ee Pearl Harbor, ee Hawaii Territory, subaxnimadii December 7, 1941. Weerarka, oo loo yaqaan Battle of Pearl Harbor, waxay keentay in [[Gobolada Midoobay|Mareykanka]] uu soo galo [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka|dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka]]. Hoggaanka millatari ee Japan ayaa tilmaamaya weerarka inuu yahay Hawlgalkii Hawaii iyo Hawlgalkii AI, iyo Hawlgalkii Z inta lagu jiro qorshaynta. Japan ayaa ujeedkeedu ahaa sidii looga hortagi lahaa in la sii daayo Farsamada Mareykanka ee Pacific si ay u faragaliso tallaabooyinka millatari ee qorshaysan ee Koonfur-Aasiya oo ka dhan ah dhulalka dibedda ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Nederland iyo Mareykanka. Muddadii todoba saacadood ah waxaa isku duba riday weeraro Japan ah oo ku saabsan Filibiin, [[Guam]] iyo Wake Island iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ee Malaya, Singapore, iyo Hong Kong. Weerarku wuxuu bilowday 7:48 subaxnimadii Hawaiian (18:18 GMT). Saldhig waxaa weeraray 353 Diyaaradaha Imperial Japanese (oo ay ka mid yihiin dagaalyahanno, heerarka iyo bambooyinka qarxa, iyo shuftada) laba mowjadood, oo laga bilaabey lix diyaarad diyaaradeed. Dhammaan siddeed sideed ciidan oo Mareykan ah ayaa la waxyeeleeyay, iyada oo afar meelood oo qorrax leh. Dhamaan laakiin USS Arizona ayaa dib loo sara kiciyey, lixna waxaa loo soo celiyay adeegyo waxayna u baxsadeen dagaalka. Jabaanku sidoo kale wuxuu ku dhuftey ama burburiyay saddexda kireyaal, saddex wax burburiyay, markab tababar ah oo ka soo horjeeda diyaaradda, iyo hal minalay. Hal boqol iyo siddeed sideed sideed Mareykanka ayaa la burburiyey; 2,403 Maraykan ah ayaa lagu dilay, 1,178 kalena waa la dhaawacay. Qalabka saldhigyada muhiimka ah sida saldhigga korontada, qalabka qallalan, markabka, dayactirka, shidaalka iyo tas-hiilaadka kaydka shabakadaha, iyo sidoo kale bambada badda iyo xarunta dhismaha (sidoo kale qaybta sirdoonka), lama soo weerarin. Dhibaatooyinka Jabuutiyadu waxay ahaayeen iftiin: 29 diyaaradood iyo shan bas-yar oo maraakiib ah ayaa la waayay, 64 askari ayaa la dilay. Mid ka mid ah badmaaxaha Japan, Kazuo Sakamaki, ayaa la qabtay. Weerarka lama filaanka ah ayaa yimid xilli ay dad badani argagax ku hayaan dadka reer Mareykan, isla markaana si toos ah ugu soo galay Mareykanka ee soo galay dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ee labada masaajid ee Pacific iyo Yurub. Maalintii xigtay, Diisambar 8, Mareykanka wuxuu ku dhawaaqay dagaal Japan, dhowr maalmood ka dib, 11kii Diseembar, Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga ayaa ku dhawaaqay dagaal kasta oo Maraykan ah Maraykanku wuxuu ka jawaabay jawaab cad oo ka dhan ah Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga. Taageerada gudaha ee ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee aan-dhex-dhexaadinta, oo ahayd mid sii xumaynayay tan iyo Fallkii Faransiiska 1940-kii. ==See Also== [[World war 2]] 3j5wz04v44h1pw75520y3whpavxsn9d 0 34658 306111 271491 2026-08-28T08:46:04Z ~2026-46848-14 47145 306111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Somaliland League 1 (Kubed)''' [[Somaliland]] [[File:Soccerball_mask.svg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:Somaliland_National_Football_Team.jpg|thumb|right|400px|kooxda kubbada cagta somaliland , somaliland league oo leh codsi [[FIFA]] la sugayo aqoonsiga]] *[[FIFA]] * [[CAF]] *[[CECAFA]] '''SMD''' Horyaalka kubbadda cagta Somaliland oo ay ka qayb qaadanayaan kooxo badan oo ka kala socday magaalooyinka Somaliland oo ay dawladu dhaqaale ka heshay , waxaanay xubin ka noqon lahayd [[CAF]] ee Somaliya. * Goodir Fc * * Dawlada Hoose * * Maaliyada Fc * * Gaashaan FC * * Hawd fc * * Asluubta Fc * * Cafimaadka Fc * * Waxool Fc * * Ganacsiga Fc * * Xidigaha Cirka * * Biyaha Fc ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Djibouti Premier League]] ==Warka== * https://somaliscore.com/competition/somaliland-league-heerka-1aad-2020-2021/ {{Wayback|url=https://somaliscore.com/competition/somaliland-league-heerka-1aad-2020-2021/ |date=20211204153804 }} 7j2wcu73b37zgiqkp0wdxbw4pxp18oz 0 34733 306112 303096 2026-08-28T08:48:17Z ~2026-46848-14 47145 /* Kubedka CAF */ 306112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kubedka CAF''' [[File:Africa_cup_final1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:Ismailia_Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Egypt}}]] [[File:Mogadishustadium.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Somalia}}]] [[File:2012 01 12 MGD Stadiums f (8393531915).jpg|thumb|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Somalia}}]] [[File:Somalia_national_team_drills_for_2018WCQ.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Somalia}}]] [[File:Algerian_Ligue_Pro._1.png|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Algeria}}]] [[File:Cote_d'Iviore_NT_2010.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Ivory Coast}}]] [[File:Ghana_national_football_team.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Ghana}}]] [[File:Kano_Pillars_03.jpg|thumb|right|400px| Kano Pillars {{Flag|Nigeria}}]] [[CAF]] '''Afrika''' * [[CECAFA]] * [[UNAF]] * [[WAFU]] * [[UNIFFAC]] ==koopka caf/ fifa== * Fifa World cup * CAF - SUPER CUP * CAF - Champions League * CAF - African Nations Cup [[File:Panorma_Cairo_Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|500px|CAF zamalek {{Flag|Egypt}}]] ==Kubedka CAF == * [[TP Mazembe]] * [[Mamelodi Sundowns FC]] * Saint George S.C. * Sidama Coffee S.C.{{Flag|Ethiopia}} * Adama_City_FC * Horseed_FC * Gaashaan (Burco) * AS Arta/Solar7 {{Flag|Djibouti}} * Goodir (Burco) * Dawladda Hoose (Boorama) * CF Gendarmerie Nationale * JS Kabylie {{Flag|Algeria}} * Waxool Fc {{Flag|Somaliland}} * ES Sétif * Ganacsiga Fc * Xidigaha Cirka * Biyaha Fc * Asluubta * Kano Pillars * USM Alger ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Kubedka UEFA]] * [[Kubedka AFC]] api8nf0is4dou5qfecvhjwndmj2x1i9 0 34752 306115 303661 2026-08-28T08:58:04Z ~2026-46848-14 47145 306115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HargeisaDrone.jpg|thumb|right|400px| Hargeisa Bartamaha magaalada hargaysa oo leh dukaamo ganacsi iyo warshado noocyo badan leh iyo wado wayn oo isku xidha magaalada berbera waxaa la qorsheeyay jid tareen oo isku xidha magaalooyinka hargaysa iyo berbera iyo itoobiya addisa baba]] [[File:DP_World_Berbera_new_Port.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Berbera Somaliland Gobolada dekeda berbera oo leh konteenarada 500,000 oo konteenar sanadkii , aagga dhaqaalaha berbera iyo aagga xeebta berbera iyo warshadaynta som gas]] [[File:Somaliland_Beverage_Industries_Factory.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Warshada sharaabka ee Somaliland oo soo saarta noocyada sharaabka caalamiga ah ee somaliland]] [[File:Hargaysa3.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Badhtamaha magaalada hargaysa metro oo leh dukaamo iyo goobo ganacsi iyo dadwayne aad u badan oo ka tirsan gobolka somaliland ayaa wadooyin isku xidha magaalooyinka burco iyo berbera ee u kala goosha badeecadaha iyo badeecadaha , halkaas oo la qorsheeyey wado tareen oo isku xidhi doonta hargaysa iyo addis ababa ee badeecooyinka.]] [[File:African_undersea_cables_v44.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Xadhkaha badda hoosteeda mara ee bariga afrika sida se me we 5 iyo essy cable ee jabuuti laga soo degayo]] [[File:Burao.jpg|thumb|right|300px]] [[File:FB_KB_1687856969599.jpg|thumb|right|400px|borama]] [[File:Pizza_Hut_international_logo_2014.svg|thumb|right|400px|[[Pizza Hut - Somaliland]] cunnada degdega ah ee maraykanku ku badan yahay ee Pizza hut oo ku yaala gobolada dhexe ee somaliland]] [[File:Coca-Cola_logo.svg|thumb|right|300px|'''Cocacola Somaliland''' Sbi]] [[File:Hyundai Motor Company logo.svg|thumb|right|400px|[[Shirkad - Hyundai Somaliland]]]] [[File:Berbera_Airport_logo.png|thumb|right|400px|Garoonka diyaaradaha ee berbera ee somaliland oo leh wadada dheer ee orodka dheer waxa uu leeyahay meel ay maraan rakaabka ganacsiga]] [[File:Berbera_corridor_road.jpg|thumb|right|400px|[[Somaliland]] Wadada weyn ee Berbera oo taraafikada xamuulka lagu sameeyo, waxaa la qorsheeyey in jidka tareenka ee Berbera iyo addis u dhexeeya uu sii socdo lagana yaabo inuu raaco jidka dheer ee isku xidha berbera iyo Hargeysa. ]] [[File:Somaliland_oil_explorations.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Sawirku waxa uu muujinayaa SL13 IYO SL10 Gobolada Somaliland sida [[Toosan Prospect SL13/SL10]] , [[Daggan Prospect SL13/SL10]] ,[[Xagar Prospect SL13/SL10]] , [[Saafi Prospect SL13/SL10]] ,[[Galool Prospect SL13/SL10]] iyo kuwo kale ayaa muujinaya gobolada shidaalka oo ku dhawaad ​​2-5 bilyan oo barrle oo saliid qaydhiin ah ku jiraan shiidaalka [[Somaliland]] , shirkadaha heshiisyada shiidaalka ayaa doonaya in ay isku xidhaan gaadiidka ku wajahan [[Berbera]]. magaalada]] '''Dhaqaallaha Somaliland''' oo leh warshado badan iyo wax soo saarka macdanta sida dahabka iibka ah ee 2023 202 Mn dollar 2 ton oo dahab ah , somaliland waxa ay ceelal shidaal ku leedahay ceelka toosan 1 waxa u qorshaysan ilaa 5000bpd sanadka 2024 shirkado qandaraas ah sida Genel energy iyo cpc taiwan ==Jasiiradha Somaliland== * {{Flag|Somaliland}}'''Aibat''' - Somaliland 1.99 km²), * {{Flag|Somaliland}}'''zelia''' - Somaliland 1.99 km²), * {{Flag|Somaliland}}'''Doloktiya''' -Somaliland 1.99 km²), * {{Flag|Somaliland}}'''Mosheky''' -Somaliland ==Dhaqaallaha Somaliland/Somalia== * '''Somaliland''' [[Somaliland]] '''11.5 Bn''' * '''somalia 14 Bn''' ==Somaliland - Shaqale xoog leh== '''1.0 Milyan'''' == GDP per Capita== Somaliland : $ '''1361 dollars''' '''2024''' == IMF Somaliland/Somalia == '''0.03%''' ==GDP-PPP== * IMF 145th''' Somaliland/Somalia 34 Bn Dollar ==UN Tiroka Somaliland== * {{Flag|Somaliland}} '''SO - AW''' * {{Flag|Somaliland}} '''SO -SA''' * {{Flag|Somaliland}} '''SO -SO''' * {{Flag|Somaliland}} '''SO -TO''' * {{Flag|Somaliland}} '''SO -WO''' UN Tiroka '''706''' * '''Dalaka''' = [[Somaliland]] ==Lacagta Somaliland== * '''Lacagada''' = [[Somaliland shilling]] * '''Usa dollars $100/57500 Somaliland shillings''' * '''137756 South Korean Won /57000 Somaliland shillings''' * '''3304.92 Taiwan dollars/ 57500 Somaliland shillings''' * '''133.55 singapore dollar / 57000 Somaliland shillings''' * '''14000 Japanese yen /57000 somaliland shilling''' ==Xubin Somaliland/Somalia == * [[Midowga Afrika]] '''G20''' * [[IGAD]] * [[ICSID]] * SAIPEC * [[IMF]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[IORA]] * comesa == Tiroka Somaliland Dhaqaallaha / Tilmaamayaasha == *waa so saar ka = ido , geel '''440 Mn''' , Lacagta , Macdanta Gypsum, Berbera oil, Sharab Sbi '''75Mn 2024''' ,[[Telesom]] '''101 Mn 2024''' 5G Somaliland [[Somtel]] '''2.2 Bn 2024''' , [[Dahab]] '''202 Mn''' Wattaniya MFMC '''441 Mn Dollars''', Somgas '''50 Mn''' , IFFCO cuntoka salidka , Indha deero detergent Burco''', '''Som gas Processing , Morden Aluminium Factory Dahabi Gold manufucturing , Shaam Factory, Istanbul Group Factory.Rayan Tissue Factory.Dalwaanaaje Factory,Aar Factory''' * Waddnamama Somaliland Ari Dhoffinka: ''' Oman, Saudi arabia , UAE , Kuwait GCC''' Waqitia Ramadan ciid , Waqitga Sanadka macaduwan * Imasa Ari Dhoofinka: '''2,400,000+''' '''Mn Ari 2024''' * Magaloyinka Somaliland GDP - '''Hargeisa -(3.5 Bn Dollars GDP) Berbera 1.0 Bn Dollars GDP Burco 1.5 Bn Dollar GDP 2024 Gebilay 1.3 Bn Dollars ''' * Tuulooyinka: '''101+ Magalloyinka Yar''' * Magaaloyinka Ari: '''Burco, Odewayne gabiley ''' * Xisbiyada siyaasadda Somaliland : '''Kulmiye - Hargeisa''' '''Waddani-Hargeisa''' , , '''UCID Hargeisa''' * Dhisme sare Somaliland : '''Salam tower Hargeisa''' '''2026''' '''Dahabshile Tower Hargeisa''' '''75 Meters''' * Malinka sanadka/Holdays: '''11 Malin''' * Cidaanka Somaliland:'''30,000+''' * souqaha Somaliland : '''Waheen Souq Hargeisa '''350 Mn Dollars 2024''''''Somaliland Souq Macaduwan '''1.0 Bn''' * Dhaqaallaha Ramadan/Ciid Somaliland GDP : '''171 Mn Dollars''' * Dunkkanka Gaari: '''Toyota''', '''Hyundai''', '''Susuki MATCO''' , '''JAC motors MATCO''' * Magalloyinka Wayne: Hargeisa , Berbera , Burco , Odewayne, Erigavo , Gabile * Saareen: '''180,000 Mt''' /wheat Silos kaydinta/Storage * Dahab Buraha Somaliland :'''202 Mn''' Dollar Dahabka Bururah 2 Ton Ulus * Dahabka Buraha macdanta : '''120 Tons + Qiyaas''' * Deeqaha masjid Somaliland: '''1.1 Mn Dollar sanad 2025''' * Dhaqaxka Burraha Shirkad Kilomass Somaliland Lithium :'''0 Tons''' * Ari Beef/Cattle Somaliland: '''5.3 Mn''' 2024 * Ari Sheep :'''13.6 Mn''' 2024 global sheep population '''1.2Bn''' * Ari Goats: '''8.9 Mn''' total global goat population '''720 Mn''' 2024 * Digaag/Chicken: '''1.100 Mn 2025 -''' '''Mandeeq Digaag.''' * Somaliland Marcabka Dhofinka : 7+ * Koronto Somaliland: '''120-150 Gwh/yr''' * Magalloyinka Somaliland Koronto: '''Hargeisa 37 Gwh/y Berbera 20 Gwh/y Burco 16 Gwh/y''' * Diesel Generator/Koronto Tiroka '''59000+''' * Alanka midab: '''RED, WHITE , GREEN , BLACK''' * Waddanka dhoffinka salidka Mustaqbalka : Taiwan CPC - 2024-2025 * [[Macdanta Gypsum Dundia]]Macdanta Kaolin Dunida[[Macdanta Somaliland /Somalia]] * Exports = '''$0.800 Billion (2024).''' * Xogta Xarunta kombuyuutar internetka - Data centre '''001''' * Rooobka somaliland: '''45+ Malin sanadka''' * Salidka Dhulka Hoose qiyas: '''30 Bn Barrleka''' (OIIP) 42 Bn barrleka * Dhuumaha Salidka: '''100Mn+ 150 Km Dhismoka Dollars CPC/GENEL Salidka SL10/SL13''' * Birka Dhoofinka Cusub: UAE, India, Yurub '''DCM Shariram India - ''' * Somaliland xeebta km: '''740 kilometers (460 miles) '''Berbera , Saylac , Awdal,''' * Somaliland Dulka Beeraha Cuntoka: '''350,000 Hectares'''', ''3500 Km SQ''' : 700Mn revenue total farming * [[Beeraha Somaliland]] :Exports : '''50 Mn Dollar''' Cuntoka Daadka ,Cuntoka Ari * Birka Dhoofinka Marcabka: '''CMA CGM - Msc , DCM Shariram ,K Line , Hanjin ,''' * TEU Sanad Marcabka Birka 20FT Berbera DP World: '''500,000 Containers sanad ''' * Saamiyada shisheeye/Foreign Reserves Estimates: '''85,000,000 Mn Dollar+''' * Salidka kaydinta: '''390,000 Barrleka Salidka''' * VAT:'''5%''' *import tax:'''3-70%''' * SPR/Strategic Petroleum reserves Somaliland /Salidka:'''0''' * strategic Petroleum locations: '''0''' * Offshore/foreign strategic Petroleum locations:'''0''' * Stock exchange / Sarrifka saamiyada:'''0''' * [[VMS]]Wadada Somaliland Kelmedka babuurka: '''0''' * [[Goolka goobta (cell site)]] Somaliland: '''3000+''' * Dahabshiil Salidka kaydinta : '''100,000 Barrleka salidka''' LPG * Budget:[[Somaliland]] 895 Million Dollar / * Export-goods = ido,Geel,Harag,Dahab,'''202 Mn 2023''',Salidka 2024 CPC,Qiyas '''5000 bpd''' 2024-2025 ,Bir , Babuurka , Kaloon,Unsi,Dhagax,Abuurka,Emerals * Imports = '''$1.282 Bn (2024)''' * Xeebta Somaliland: '''Xeebta Sacadin Xeebta Aibat Xeebta Berbera''' * Berbera Dekkedka Lacagta Qiyas : '''2 Bn Dollar - Dp World , Som, gas , Berbera Water front , factorys BEZ''' * Kableka-[[SEA-ME-WE 5]]- '''5G - 10-20 Gigabytes per second 3 % Population ''' * Passport Colour/midab / : '''Midow''' * Banka - '''Somaliland Central Bank''' '''AACB''', '''Premier Bank''' ,'''Dabahshile Bank''', '''Amal Bank''' * [[ATM]]- '''12/100,000''' Kof * Somaliland National Bank Somaliland shilling price: '''580''' Shillings per Dollar * Nidaamka bixinta kaadhka: '''Master Card (USA) Corporation''' '''"Visa Corportation USA"''' * wax soo saarka /Manufacturing companys: '''IFFCO cuntoka salidka,Hargeisa Plastic Factory Tayo Plast Plastics, SBI Sharab/Drinks,''''''Wataniya Saareen/wheat''', '''AADCO Paper Factory''''''Boodhari Mills Factory'''Somaliland concerete Factory, Berbera concrete factory,Somaliland fish oil Factory,North commodities suger factory'''Indha deero detergent Burco''', '''Som gas Processing''' ,'''Morden Aluminium Factory Contruction items Manufacturing''', '''Dahabi Gold manufacturing''', '''Shaam Factory Hargeisa''' '''Shirkad Sam Sam''''''Istanbul Group Factory''''''Rayan Tissue Factory''' '''Dalwaanaaje Factory''' '''Aar Factory''' * Barbuur Tiroka Somaliland /Car on Road :'''80,000+ - 90,000+ ''' * Babuur Samayanta Car repair : '''Mobile Fundi -Somaliland car service ''' * Babuur Alab Dhoofinka : 7000+ '''Jac Motors , Toyota Motors''' * Dukkanka Somaliland: [[Pizza Hut - Somaliland]],'''Hyundai Somaliland,Tim Hortons - Hargeisa Somaliland,Shirkad Somgas,Somtel,Shirkad - Primo-Gelato /Fast Food Matco Susuki, Mobile Fundi , Berbera coffee , Tayo plastics,''' Horn Cement Msg * Lacagta Samayan: '''Pobjoy Mint''' * 5G mobileka -'''5G -''' '''Somaliland- Telesom/ Somcable '''2BN revenue 2023'''''' * Treen: [[Treenka Somaliland / Itoobiya]] '''Mustaqbal''' * Import-goods = , [[Saliid]] Gaas, Cunto,[[Kumbuyuutar]], [[Korontada- Iftinka Qorraxda]]Koronto-dhaliye[[Beeraha Cangaha]].[[Baabuur Yar]],[[Baabuur Batari]][[Baabuur]][[Barbuur Hashishka]][[Baabur Uumi Duubo]][[Gaariga Culus-Backhoe loader]][[Beeraha Liinka Dunida]][[Beeraha Tufaax Dunnida]] * Dalxiise xeebta/Tourist for Beach: '''10,000+''' * Dalxiise Somaliland/Tourist for Somaliland:'''10,000+''' * Lacagta Dalxiise Somaliland/Total Revenue from Tourism : '''70Mn''' * Salidka Shirkad [[Genel Energy]] ,[[CPC Taiwan]] * Salidka = Toosan Well 1 Bahadhamal Genel west [[SL13 Beeraha Salidka]][[SL10 Beeraha Salidka]][[Toosan Prospect SL13/SL10]],[[Galool Prospect SL13/SL10]],[[Xagar Prospect SL13/SL10]],[[Daggan Prospect SL13/SL10]],[[Saafi Prospect SL13/SL10]]. * Portka = [[Berbera Port Rd , Somaliland]] * Gaaska = [[berbera]] Gasska Genel '''TGS DATA''' * Airport = [[Hargeisa Airport]][[Berbera Airport]] '''BIAC''' * Calender = '''Somali Calender''' Habis/Karan 30 Habis/Karan 1 Hala-loodHabar-ari Diraacgood * Dayrweyn/Dambesame,Xoomir/Ximir Xays,Xays Aminla'/Lixkor Adhi-caseeye Daydo Fushade/Seer-ma-waydo Cawl/Gu’soore 30 Cawl/Gu'soore Dirir-Sagaalo 31 Dirir-sagaalo * Babuurka = Dhanka Midig - [[Midig iyo bidix baabuur wadis]] * Lugad : Shibane /Shigal [[Lugad Latin Dunida]][[Luqadaha Kushiitiga]] ==Marcabka /Gaari Dhofinka== * Exports/Dhoofinka : '''800 Mn Dollar 2023''' * Revenue Somaliland warshaad Total:'''6.6 Bn -9.6 Bn Dollars''' ==Ari== * ido, geel , Ari , '''404 Mn 2024''' ==Salidka Dhulka Hoose /Crude== * Toosan '''Qishn ceelaha''' ceelaha '''5000 bpd''' 2025 belab * cpc taiwan .Genel energy shirkad salika ==Dhaqax Bir == * Dahab/Gold '''312 Mn 2024''' * Lithium Shirkad - Kilomass: '''0 Tons 2024''' * taiwan shirkad lithium '''0 tons 2024''' * Mandera company somaliland: '''0 tons 2024''' ==Kowloonka so saarka== * lagcagta kowloonka :'''90Mn''' * Exports kowloonka:''15Mn''' * kowloonka somaliland sanad: '''500 Tons''' * Malinka Hargeisa kowloon: '''1.5 Tons''' * Marcabka kowloonka : '''26'''-'''60''' fudud trawlers and wayne dows * kowloonka: tuna '''Sea basses, Rock cod, Hinds, Combers, Coral trout, Iyretails and Soap fish'''. * shirkad kowloonka somaliland : '''Somtuna''' '''berbera tuna dasad''' * Daadka tiroka kowloonka: '''6000'''- 7000 * Waddnamha exports kowloonka somaliland: '''japan , uganda , ethiopia , UAE''' * magalloyinka kowloon: '''Berbera 90% saylac 5%''' * kowloonka beeraha '''$0''' ==Telecoms== * Somtel '''2.2 Bn 2024''' * Telsom '''321 Mn 2024''' * Somcable:'''50.6 million dollars''' * True tv somaliland : ==Beeraha Somaliland 350,000 Hecters == * '''Lacagta Beeraha:''' '''300 Mn Dollars''' 2024 * Magalloyinka Beeraha: '''Awdal, Gebiley and Maroodi Jeex.''' * Mashinka beerah:[[Shirkad-Dewulf]],Buurka ulus Beeraha * Biyoka qiyas Beeraha:'''160,000''' litres biyoka qiyas * Masago, '''50 Mn''' Dollar 51 % Dulka * Galley, '''120 mn''' Dollar 20% Dulka * Yaanyo, '''50 Mn''' Dollar 1% Dulka * Salaar, '''60 mn''' Dollar 2% Dulka * Muus, '''40 mn''' Dollar 1 % Dulka * Basasha, '''40 mn''' Dollar 1% Dulka * Basbaaska, '''40 mn''' Dollar 2% Dulka * Strawberry '''20 mn''' Dollar 2% Dulka * Kaabash.'''40 MN''' Dollar 1% Dulka * Abuurka sisinta '''0 Mn''' dollar 0 % dulka * Palm salidka '''0 Mn''' Dollar 0 % Dulka * [[Afakadho]] '''0 MN''' Dollar 0 Dulka * Zeytuun 0 Mn Dollar 0% Dulka * Cudbi 0 Mn Dollar 0% Dulka * Soya 0Mn Dollar 0 % dulka ==Hotelka== * Hotelka Somaliland Macaduwan ''' 100 Mn 2024''' * Tiroka Hotelka Somaliland:'''100+'' * Maamus Hotelka , Damal Hotelka , Diamond Hotelka , sky Hotelka caaro edeg Hotelka' * Jees Hotel : safari hotlka borama * sarovar hotelka '''Hargeisa''' ==wax soo saarka / Manufacturing companys/Shirkadaha== * Boodhari Mills '''5 Mn 2023''' * Somtel - '''2.2 Bn''' * IFFCO cuntoka: * Telesom '''324 MN''' * Horn Petroleum 10 Million dollars * Hargeisa Airport commercial area: '''1mn''' * lis canno: '''20 mn'' * National Steel Industries , * Mandera iron/lithium company somaliland: * Berbera economic zone BEZ: * DP World Berbera:'''40 Mn''' * Unigas '''40 Mn''' * ileys burco:'''20mn''' * Som cable:'''50.6 mn''' * vardhaan batterys india'''2mn''' * National oil company somaliland:'''200mn''' '''salidka kaydinta''' * Tayo Plast Plastics Caag ,'''1Mn''' * SBI Sharab/Drinks, '''40Mn 2025''' Cocacola Somaliland * Wataniya NFMC Factory Saareen/wheat '''441 Mn 2023''' * AADCO Paper Factory''': '''10 Mn''' * Wadaag Technologies : '''0.2 mn''' * sarovar hotelka india'''0.2 mn''' * Indha deero detergent Burco'' '''5M 2023''' * Som gas Processing '''100Mn 2023''' * Dahabshile oil storage company: * Turkish Star Furniture: '''2 Mn''' * Horn Cement Berbera '''20MN +''' * Morden Aluminium Factory Contruction items Manufacturing, * Dahabi Gold manufucturing:'''1Mn''' * Shaam Factory Hargeisa''':30Mn''' * Shirkad Sam Sam: '''20 Mn''' * Istanbul Group Factory. '''10Mn''' * Rayan Tissue Factory:'''20 Mn''' * Dalwaanaaje Factory '''20 Mn''' * Aar Factory: '''20 Mn''' * Som Bricks Factory '''30 Mn''' * Asal Factory Berbera '''5Mn''' '''Total factory revenue/lacagta''' : '''6.500 Bn+ - 9.6 Bn ''' Dollars ==Caag waa soo saarka== * Tayo Caag: '''5 Mn Dollars''' caag alabka macaduwan * Hargeisa Plastics Facotry: '''9 Mn Dollars''' * Caag Warshaadka: '''4+''' ==Korontoka Lacagta== * Korontoka Lacagta: '''400Mn+''' * Gaaska Lacagta : 200Mn ==kharashka garoonka diyaaradaha== * Hargeisa 14 Mn * Berbera 14 Mn ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Liska Dhaqaallaha Bari Africa]] * [[Soomaaliland]] * [[Hargeysa]] * [[berbera]] 3evxtm30s3nil78xdl271d56xk6wfsm 0 41231 306052 274085 2026-08-27T18:13:25Z Soalt 39618 gisi iyo gesi waa ku dharay 306052 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) male with cattle egret.jpg|thumb|lo'gisi]] '''Lo'gesi,''' '''lo'gisi, gisi ama gesi''' ( {{lang-en|buffalo}}) ama lo'geesi waa xayawaan weyn oo ka tirsan qoyska lo’da ee ku nool Bariga Afrika iyo Koonfurta Saxaraha. Waxaa jira shan nooc oo la aqoonsan yahay, kuwaas oo inta badan hoggansidaha sayniska ansixiyeen: Syncerus caffer caffer, Lo'gisi Kayp, waa nooca caadiga ah, sidoo kale waa nooca ugu weyn, oo laga helo Koonfurta iyo Bariga Afrika. S. c. nanus, lo'gisiga kaynta, waa nooca ugu yar, oo inta badan ku nool aagagga kaymaha ee Afrika Dhexe iyo Galbeed. S. c. brachyceros, lo'gisiga Sudan, waa jaadka ee tiranaaquska ah ee lo'gisiga Kayp, waxaana laga helaa aagagga ka qalalan ee waqooyiga Afrika Dhexe iyo Galbeed. S. c. aequinoctialis, lo'gisiga Niil, oo mararka qaar loo arko inuu la mid yahay lo'gisiga Sudan, waxaana laga helaa aagagga ka qalalan ee waqooyiga Bariga iyo Afrika Dhexe. S. c. mathewsi, lo'gisiga buuraha, waa nooc khilaaf badan ka taagan yahay oo laga helay Buuraha Virunga ee Afrika Dhexe. Cabbirka faruuryaha lo'gisgiga Afrikaanka waa astaantiisa ugu muhiimsan: waxay leeyihiin saldhigyo isku xidhan, taasoo samaysa gaashaamo laf ah oo ku wareegsan madaxda, oo loo yaqaan "boss." Lo'gisiga Afrikaanka ayaa si dhow ula xiriira noocyada kale ee lo'gisiga marka loo eego noocyada kale ee lo’da sida bison-ka Ameerika ama lo’da la dhaqdo, iyadoo xiriirka ugu dhow ee nool ee uu leeyahay uu yahay lo'gisiga biyaha ee Aasiya. Dabeecaddiisa aan la saadaalin karin ayaa noqon karta sababta lo'gisiga Afrikaanka aan weli loo dhaqangelin, taasoo sidoo kale sharxaysa sababta aysan u lahayn farac la dhaqangeliyay, sida yak-ka duurjoogta ah iyo lo'gisiga biyaha duurjoogta ah oo ah awooweyaasha yak-ga iyo lo'gisiga biyaha ee la dhaqdo. Xayawaanka dabiiciga ah ee ugaarsada lo'gisiga Afrikaanka ee waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah libaaxyada, eeyaha duurjoogta ah ee Afrika, hyenas-ka dhibcaha leh, iyo timiraha Nile. Sida mid ka mid ah shanta xayawaan ee ugu weyn ee ciyaaraha, lo'gisiga Cape waa mid ka mid ah trofees-ka ugu doonista badan ee ugaarsiga. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gumud]] [[Category:duurjoog]] q1jeb0db6mj6u3jcay6ktc6ez4wc8z3 4 42120 306022 288297 2026-08-27T13:39:45Z Isma4l 41797 306022 wikitext text/x-wiki </noinclude> {{Redirect|WP:|politics|Wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability|Wikipedia:Vandalism||Wikipedia:Shan walxood}} {{procedural policy|WP:PG|WP:POLICY<!-- DO NOT add more shortcuts! Please read the previous discussions at [[Wikipedia_talk:Policies_and_guidelines#Shortcuts]] and the [[WP:LINKBOXES]] guideline. -->}} {{nutshell|Boggan si kooban: Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha Wikipedia waxay diiwaangeliyaan dhaqamada wanaagsan ee laga aqbalay bulshada Wikipedia. Boggan waxa uu sharxayaa sida siyaasada iyo hab raacyadayada sida caadiga ah loo horumariyo loona ilaaliyo.}} Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha Wikipedia waxaa soo saartay bulshadu si ay u qeexaan hababka ugu fiican, loo caddeeyo mabaadi'da, xalinta khilaafaadka, iyo haddii kale aan sii wadno hadafkeena ah abuurista encyclopedia xor ah oo la isku halayn karo. Looma baahna in la akhriyo siyaasad ama bogag tilmaame si loo bilaabo tafatirka. Shanta tiir waa soo koobid caan ah oo ku saabsan mabaadi'da ugu habboon. In kasta oo Wikipedia guud ahaan aanu lahayn xeerar adag oo degdeg ah , siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha waa halbeegyo ay tahay in dhammaan isticmaalayaashu ay caadi ahaan raacaan, oo leh tilmaamo siinaya hagitaan xaalado gaar ah. Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha waa in lagu dhaqmaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo caqli iyo caqli saliim . Farsamo ahaan, boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaantu maaha siyaasadda iyo tilmaamaha iyaga iyo naftoodaba. Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha dhabta ah waa dabeecado ay ku dhaqmaan inta badan tifaftirayaasha. Bogga siyaasaddani waxa uu qeexayaa heerarka bulshada ee la xidhiidha abaabulka, meertada nolosha, dayactirka, iyo u hogaansanaanta siyaasadaha, tilmaamaha, iyo boggaga la xidhiidha Wikipedia Soomaaliga . Ma daboolo daabacaadyada kale ee Wikipedia. ==Soosaarid== Wikipedia waxaa maamusha hay'adda Wikimedia Foundation ee aan faa'iido-doonka ahayn , taasoo xafidaysa xuquuqaha sharciga ah qaarkood-ka eeg bogga Siyaasadda ee Mu'asasada Wikimedia si aad u hesho liiska siyaasaddeeda. Sidoo kale eeg doorka Jimmy Wales . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida caadiga ah Wikipedia waa mashruuc iskiis u maamula oo ay maamusho bulshadiisu. Siyaasaddeeda iyo hab-raaceeda waxaa loogu talagalay inay ka turjunto is-afgaradka bulshada ==Doorka== Nidaamyadu waxay leeyihiin aqbalaad ballaadhan oo ka dhex jirta tifaftirayaasha waxayna qeexaan heerarka dhammaan isticmaalayaashu ay tahay inay caadi ahaan raacaan. Dhammaan boggaga siyaasadda waxay ku yaalliin Wikipedia:Liiska siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada iyo Qaybta: siyaasadaha Wikipedia . Soo koobida siyaasadaha muhiimka ah, '''Tilmaamuhu''' waa hab-dhaqannada ugu wanaagsan ee lagu taageerayo is-afgarad. Tifaftirayaashu waa inay isku dayaan inay raacaan tilmaamaha, in kasta oo sida ugu wanaagsan loola dhaqmo si caqli-gal ah, mararka qaarkoodna laga yaabo inay khusayso. Bogagga tilmaamaha waxaa laga heli karaa Wikipedia:Liiska siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada iyo Qaybta: tilmaamaha Wikipedia . Si loo soo koobo tilmaamaha muhiimka ah Qoraaladu waa ra'yiga ama talada tafatiraha ama kooxda tifaftirayaasha. Waxa laga yaabaa in aanay ku taageerin is-afgarad baahsan. Looma baahna inay u hadlaan bulshada oo dhan waxaana laga yaabaa in la abuuro oo la qoro iyada oo aan la ansixin. Qoraallada qoraagu ma rabo in kuwa kale wax ka beddelaan, ama si cad u khilaafaya la isku raacsan yahay, ay ka tirsan yihiin magaca isticmaale . Bogagga maamulka ee kale ee magaca mashruuca waxaa ka mid ah: Bogagga geeddi-socodka, kuwaas oo fududeeya ku-dhaqanka siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada (tusaale Wikipedia:Qodobada tirtirka ), Bogagga WikiProject , oo ay ku jiraan qoraallo ay qoreen si ay talo u siiyaan tafatirayaasha kale meelaha ay xiiseeyaan, Sida loo sameeyo ama loo caawiyo boggaga (sidoo kale laga helay Help namespace ), kuwaas oo bixiya inta badan macluumaadka farsamada, Bogagga macluumaadka , kuwaas oo guud ahaan bixiya macluumaadka dhabta ah, Kaabista tilmaamaha iyo siyaasadaha, kuwaas oo si faahfaahsan u sharaxaya talada, Bogagga wada xaajoodka bulshada iyo boorarka ogeysiisyada xiriirka ka dhexeeya tifaftirayaasha, iyo Bogagga taariikhiga ah, kuwaas oo duugoobay ==U hoggaansanaanta== Isticmaal caqli-galnimo xagga tarjumaada iyo ku dhaqanka siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha; Xeerarku waxay leeyihiin waxyaabo ka reeban marmar . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwa ku xad-gudbay ruuxa qaanuunka waxaa laga yaabaa in la canaanto ama la cunaqabateeyo xitaa haddii aysan farsamo ahaan jebin sharciga. Haddii siyaasad ama tilmaame tahay sharraxaad sax ah oo ku saabsan waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa is afgarad . ==Jid gaaban== Bogagga wada xaajoodka iyo tafatirka soo koobida, jidadka gaaban ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa si loo tixraaco siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha; tusaale ahaan, WP: NOR (ma jiro cilmi-baaris asal ah), WP: NPOV (aragti dhexdhexaad ah), iyo WP: BLP (taariikh nololeedka dadka nool). Jidadka gaaban ee la midka ah ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa noocyada kale ee boggaga mashruuca, sida qoraallada iyo sida loo hagayo. Sidaa darteed marin-gaabni macnaheedu maaha in bogga ku xidhani leeyahay siyaasad ama xaalad tilmaan ama ay bulshadu si weyn u aqbashay. Markaad tixraacayso jid-gaabyada ama boggaga siyaasadda, xaqiiji inay taageerayaan qodobbada aad samaynayso. Magacyada boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaan-bixinta iyo dariiqyada gaaban waxay noqon karaan marin habaabin. ==Dhaqangelinta== Haddii tafatiruhu ku xad-gudbo halbeegyada bulshada ee lagu qeexay siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada, tifaftirayaasha kale waxay uga digayaan qofka inuu u hoggaansamo hab-dhaqanka la aqbali karo , in kasta oo tifaftirayaashu ay isticmaali doonaan habab aad u xoog badan haddii hab-dhaqanku sii socdo, sida maamulaha iyo tallaabooyinka mas'uulka ah . Xadgudubyada guud waxaa lagula kulmaa dhaqangelin adag. Ka hor imaadka mabaadi'da lagu sheegay boggagan, gaar ahaan boggaga siyaasadda, uma badna in la caddeeyo wax la aqbali karo, in kasta oo ay suurtagal tahay in lagu qanciyo kuwa kale ka reebis ay tahay in la sameeyo . Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay tafatirayaasha gaarka ah (oo ay ku jiraan adiga ) dhaqan geliyaan oo dabaqaan siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha. Xaaladaha ay caddahay in isticmaaluhu uu ku dhaqmayo ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda (ama ka soo horjeeda habraaca hab ka hor imanaya siyaasadda), gaar ahaan haddii ay sidaas u samaynayaan ula kac iyo si joogto ah, isticmaaluhu waxa laga yaabaa in si ku meel gaadh ah ama si aan xad lahayn looga xannibo tafatirka maamulaha. Kiisaska habka xallinta khilaafku uu yahay mid aan waxtar lahayn, Guddiga Xalinta Khilaafaadka ayaa wax ka qabta xaaladaha aadka u qasaya ama xasaasiga ah. Bogagga siyaasadda iyo tilmaamaha waa inay: Cadeey . Ka fogow ereyada qarsoodiga ah ama ku-siman-sharci ama luqad aan af-lagaado lahayn. Noqo mid cad, toosan, aan madmadow lahayn, oo gaar ah. Ka fogow maahmaahyada iyo waxyaabaha guud. Iska ilaali inaad u isticmaasho wiki-jargon si aad ula jeedo wax aan ahayn macnihiisa gaarka ah. Tusaale ahaan, ilaali farqiga u dhexeeya maamulaha tirtiraya bogga iyo tifaftirayaasha caadiga ah oo ka saaraya ama baneynaya qaar ama dhammaan waxa ku jira. Xataa xagga tilmaamaha, bogagga caawinta, iyo bogagga kale ee aan siyaasadda ahayn, ha ka baqin inaad u sheegto tifaftirayaasha inay waajib ku tahay ama ay tahay inay wax sameeyaan. Noqo sida ugu macquulsan-laakin ha sii kooban. Afkaartu maaha difaac wanaagsan oo looga hortagayo fasiraad khaldan. Ka tag ereyada aan loo baahnayn. Qoritaanka tooska ah, ee kooban ayaa ka cad tusaalayaasha racing. Qoraallada hoose iyo isku xirka boggaga kale ayaa laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo caddayn. Xooga saar ruuxa qaanuunka. Ka filo tifaftirayaasha inay isticmaalaan caqli-galnimo. Haddii ruuxa sharcigu cad yahay, mar dambe ha odhan. Ilaali baaxadda oo iska ilaali dib-u-dhac. Aqoonso ujeedada iyo baaxadda goor hore, maadaama akhristayaal badan ay kaliya eegi doonaan bilowga. Nuxurku waa inuu ku dhex jiraa xadka siyaasadiisa. Marka baaxadda bog talobixineed ku dul wareego baaxadda mid kale, yaree dib-u-celinta. Marka ay siyaasad ka hadlayso siyaasad kale, waa inay si kooban, si cad, iyo si cad u yeelataa. Ka fogow isku xidhka xad dhaafka ah . Xeerarka iyo hab-raacyada waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan xiriirinta bog kasta, oo ay ku jiraan qoraallo iyo maqaallo. Xiriirinta noocan oo kale ah waa inay soo baxaan kaliya marka caddaynta ama macnaha guud loo baahdo. Xiriirinta bogag talobixineed kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay si ula kac ah ama ula kac ah dib ugu dhigaan "amarka" iyaga. Caddayn marka isku-xiryada noocan ah ay dib u dhigayaan, iyo marka aysan dhicin. Aan is khilaafin. Aragtida bulshadu isku mar ma noqon karto "A" iyo "ma aha A". Marka khilaaf muuqda uu ka soo baxo boggaga, tifaftirayaasha dhammaan bogagga ay saameeyeen waa in ay ka hadlaan sidii ay u saxi lahaayeen boggaga is burinaya si ay u muujiyaan aragtida bulshada. Wada hadalkani waa inuu ahaadaa hal bog oo hadal ah, iyadoo lagu martiqaadayo boggaas bogagga hadalka ee bogagga kala duwan ee ay khusayso. ==Ma aha qayb ka mid ah encyclopedia== Wikipedia wuxuu leeyahay siyaasado iyo tilmaamo badan oo ku saabsan nuxurka encyclopedic . Heerarkani waxay u baahan yihiin xaqiijin, dhexdhexaadnimo, ixtiraamka dadka nool , iyo in ka badan. Siyaasadaha, tilmaamaha, iyo boggaga hab-socodka laftoodu maaha qayb ka mid ah encyclopedia. Guud ahaan uma baahna inay u hoggaansamaan heerarka nuxurka ama heshiisyada qaabka sida maqaallada. Muhiim ma aha in la bixiyo ilo lagu kalsoonaan karo si loo xaqiijiyo boggaga maamulka, ama in la yiraahdo habraacyada ama mabaadi'da si dhexdhexaad ah, ama in la xuso awood ka baxsan go'aaminta hab-dhaqanka tifaftirka. Taa beddelkeeda, waxa ku jira boggagan waxa gacanta ku haya is-afgarad bulsho oo dhan , qaabkuna waa in uu xoogga saaraa hufnaanta, toosnaanta, iyo faa'iidada. Bogaggani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u baahan yihiin inay raacaan siyaasadaha sharciga iyo dhaqanka ee Wikipedia, iyo sidoo kale siyaasadaha lagu dabaqi karo boggaga aan nuxurka ku jirin. Tusaale ahaan, tifaftirayaashu kuma xad-gudbi karaan xuquuqda daabacaadda ama waxba kama beddeli karaan dagaalka meel kasta oo Wikipedia ah. ==meertada nolosha== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha sida wanaagsan loo aasaasay ayaa ka soo baxay mabaadi'da loo aqbalay inay aasaas u yihiin tan iyo markii Wikipedia la aasaasay. Kuwo kale ayaa loo sameeyay sidii xal loogu heli lahaa dhibaatooyinka caadiga ah iyo tafatirka carqaladaynta. Bogagga siyaasadda iyo tilmaan-bixinta dhif iyo naadir la'aanteed ayaa loo aasaasay waxayna u baahan yihiin taageero bulsho oo xooggan. Siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada waxa lagu dhisi karaa hindise cusub, kor u qaadida qoraallada ama hab-raacyada, iyo dib-u-habaynta siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada jira iyada oo la kala saarayo laguna midaynayo. Qoraallada iyo boggaga macluumaadka waxaa lagu dhisi karaa iyada oo la qoro oo lagu daro {{tl|essay}}, {{tl|Information page}}, {{tl|Wikipedia how-to}}, , ama qaab la mid ah bogga. Soo jeedinta siyaasada iyo hagida hadda waxa laga heli karaa Qaybta:Wikipedia proposals , iyo kuwa guuldarraystay ee Category:Wikipedia failed proposals . Dhammaan tafatirayaasha waa lagu soo dhaweynayaa inay faallo ka bixiyaan. ===Abuuritaanka codsi faallo=== Marka aad u malaynayso in soo jeedinta hore si fiican u qoran tahay, arrimaha ku lug lehna si waafi ah looga wada hadlay ka qaybgalayaasha hore si loo abuuro soo jeedin fursad adag u leh guusha bulshada guud, billow codsi faallo ah (RfC) oo ku saabsan siyaasaddaada ama soo jeedinta tilmaanta qayb cusub oo ku taal bogga hadalka soo jeedinta. Ku dar summada, oo ay la socoto sharraxaad kooban oo waqti-shabadaysan oo soo jeedinta ah. Kadib, haddii aad rabto, waxaad bixin kartaa sharaxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan waxa boggu qabto iyo sababta aad u malaynayso inay tahay siyaasad ama tilmaame. Qaabka {{tl|guideline}} waa in la dhigaa xaga sare ee bogga la soo jeediyay; sumaddan waxay heli doontaa soo jeedinta si sax ah loo kala saaray. RfC waa in sida caadiga ah lagu dhawaaqaa siyaasada iyo /ama soo jeedinta matoorada tuulooyinka, waana inaad ogeysiisaa kooxaha kale ee suurtagalka ah ee danaynaya. Haddii soo jeedintaadu saamayso aag gaar ah, markaas WikiProjects ee la xidhiidha waxa laga heli karaa hagaha WikiProject . Haddii soo jeedintaadu ay la xiriirto siyaasad ama tilmaamo jira, dabadeed qoraal ku dhaaf bogga hadalka ee siyaasadda ama habraaca la xidhiidha. Tusaale ahaan, tilmaamaha qaabka la soo jeediyay waa in lagu dhawaaqaa Wikipedia talk:Buugga Habka , kaas oo ah tilmaanta ugu weyn ee arrimaha qaabka. Isku day inaad aqoonsato qaybta hoose ee hagida ama siyaasada (eeg {{tl|policy}} template). Soo jeedinta ku lug leh maaddooyinka la isku hayo ama saamaynta baaxadda leh waa in sida caadiga ah lagu taxay Wikipedia:Doodda dhexe ee muddada RfC. Marar dhif ah, soo jeedin gaar ah oo muhiim ah ayaa laga yaabaa in lagu xayeysiiyo ogeysiis liiska la socoshada ; sitenotices (kuwaas oo lagu soo bandhigay dhammaan akhristayaasha, ma aha oo kaliya tifaftirayaasha firfircoon) looma isticmaalo soo jeedinta. RfCs ee soo jeedinta siyaasadda iyo tilmaanta ayaa caadi ahaan furan ugu yaraan toddobaad ama mararka qaarkood dhowr bilood. Si looga fogaado cabashooyinka dambe ee ku saabsan ogeysiis la'aanta, waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku caawiso inaad bixiso liiska buuxa ee kooxaha ama boggaga aad u isticmaashay inaad ku xayeysiiso soo jeedinta bogga hadalka. Ka digtoonow inaadan khariban , iskana ilaali ereyada aan dhexdhexaadka ahayn. Tifaftirayaashu waa inay uga jawaabaan soo jeedinta si ka caawisa aqoonsiga iyo dhisidda heshiis la isku raacsan yahay. Sharax fikradahaaga, weydii su'aalo, oo kor u qaad welwelka. Tifaftirayaal badan ayaa jawaabahooda ku bilaabaya xarfo geesinimo leh oo 'cod' taageero ah ama mucaarad si ay u fududeeyaan qiimaynta. ===Xiritaanka codsiga faallooyinka=== Xiritaanka dooddu waxay u baahan tahay in si taxadar leh loo qiimeeyo jawaabaha si loo go'aamiyo la isku raacsan yahay. Tani uma baahna faragelinta maamulaha; waxaa samayn kara tifaftire kasta oo khibrad ku filan oo dhexdhexaad ah, oo aan ku lug lahayn doodda, kaas oo yaqaan dhammaan siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha la xidhiidha soo jeedinta. Qodobada soo socda ayaa muhiim u ah qiimeynta la isku raacsan yahay: Is-afgaradka hab-raaca iyo siyaasadaha waa in ay ahaataa mid si macquul ah u xooggan, inkastoo aan loo baahnayn midnimo. Waa in loo bandhigaa bulshada oo ka baxsan kaliya qorayaasha soo jeedinta. Tixgeli xoogga bogga la soo jeediyay: Ma laga hadlay tabashooyin waaweyn oo la soo jeediyay intii doodda bulshadu socotay? Soo jeedintu miyay ka hor imanaysaa xeerar ama siyaasad jira? Ma lagu dari karaa habraaca ama siyaasadda cusub ee la soo jeediyay mid jira? Xeerka la soo jeediyay ma yahay, ama qayb ka mid ah, ma ku yar tahay hage ama siyaasad jira? Heerka soo jeedinta laguma go'aamiyo tirinta codadka. Codbixintu maaha beddelka doodda , sidoo kale natiijada tirada ra'yi ururintu maaha mid la mid ah is afgarad. Haddi is afgaradka taageerada beesha ballaaran uu iman waayo wakhti macquul ah ka dib, soo jeedintu waa fashilantay. Haddii la isku raacsan yahay uu dhexdhexaad ka yahay arrinta oo aanay u badnayn in la hagaajiyo, soo jeedintu sidoo kale waa fashilantay. Wadahadalka waxaa loo xiri karaa mid ka mid ah: Horumarinta , Lama ogola , ama guuldareystay . Fadlan ka tag qoraal gaaban oo ku saabsan gabagabada aad timid. Cusbooneysii soo jeedinta si aad u muujiso la isku raacsan yahay. Ka saar jaantuska {{tl|Proposal }} oo ku beddel template kale oo ku habboon, sida {{tl|Subcat guideline }} , {{ tl|Policy }} , {{tl|Supplement }} , {{tl|essay }} , ama {{tl|Failed proposal }} . Fiiri qaab-dhismeedka magaca Wikipedia si aad u hesho liiska boodhadhka. Haddii soo jeedintu guuldareysato, summada guuldarraystay waa inaan sida caadiga ah meesha laga saarin. Caadi ahaan way ka faa'iido badan tahay in dib loo qoro soo jeedinta fashilantay meel eber ah si wax looga qabto dhibaatooyinka ama la raadiyo is-afgarad si loogu dhex daro dhinacyada aan muranka lahayn ee bogag jira, halkii dib loogu magacaabi lahaa soo jeedin. ===Nuxurku wuu is beddelaa=== Xeerarka iyo hab-raacyada waa la daabici karaa sida bog kasta oo kale. Muhiim ma aha in laga wada hadlo isbeddelada ama in la helo heshiis hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha waa xasaasi oo adag, isticmaalayaashu waa inay ka taxadaraan wax ka bedel kasta, si ay u hubiyaan inay ka tarjumayaan aragtida bulshada oo aysan si lama filaan ah u gelin jahawareer. Ujeedada siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha waa in la sheego waxa inta badan ay ku heshiiyaan, waana in lagu qeexaa si ay uga tarjumayaan la isku raacsan yahay hadda . Tafatirka siyaasadda/hab-tilmaameedka/qormada lafteeda lafteeda ma tilmaamayso isbeddel degdeg ah oo lagu sameeyo ku-dhaqanka la aqbalay. Waa dhaqan xumo in lagu taliyo dhaqan la diiday bogga siyaasadda ama tilmaanta. Sida hoos lagu sharraxay, cusboonaysii hab-dhaqannada ugu wanaagsan adiga oo si geesinimo leh u tafatiraya ama adoo ka shaqaynaya sidii loo heli lahaa heshiis ballaadhan oo isbeddelka lagu samaynayo dood ===Isbeddel la taaban karo=== Fulin Kahor intaadan isbeddel la taaban karo ku samayn boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaanta, waxaa mararka qaarkood faa'iido leh in la isku dayo in la sameeyo wax macquul ah oo ka reeban dhaqanka jira. Si aad isugu daydo in aad sidan u cusboonaysiiso hab-dhaqanka ugu wanagsan ee jira, waxa aad si toos ah uga leexan kartaa ku dhaqanka la aasaasay adiga oo raacaya WP:IGNORE iyo WP:BOLD mabaadi'da oo u beddel boggaga meeraha guud . Muddo ka dib, haddii aysan jirin wax diidmo ah oo isbeddelka ah iyo/ama haddii is-afgarad ballaaran oo ku saabsan isbeddelkaaga ama hirgelinta lagu gaaro dood, waxaad markaas tafatiri kartaa boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaanta ee qeexaya dhaqanka si aad u muujiso xaaladda cusub. Horta la hadal. Wadahadalka bogga wadahadalku wuxuu caadi ahaan ka horreeya isbeddellada la taaban karo ee siyaasadda. Isbeddel ayaa la samayn karaa haddii aysan jirin diidmo ama haddii dooddu ay muujiso in la isku raacsan yahay isbeddelka. Tafatirka yar ee naxwaha iyo caddaynta ayaa la samayn karaa wakhti kasta. Haddii natiijada wada-hadaladu aanay caddayn, markaas waa in uu qiimeeyaa maamule ama tifaftire kale oo madaxbannaan, sida habka soo jeedinta. Isbeddellada waaweyn waa in sidoo kale loo bandhigaa bulshada guud ahaan; ogeysiisyada ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku habboon yihiin. Haddii la rabo fikrado ballaadhan oo ku saabsan isbeddelka la soo jeediyay, waxaa laga yaabaa inay faa'iido leedahay in lagu calaamadiyo qaybta sumadda . (Haddii soo jeedintu la xiriirto hal bayaan, isticmaal isla markiiba ka dib Ama ku dhiiran. In kasta oo tafatirayaasha intooda badani ay u arkaan doodaha mid waxtar leh, gaar ahaan boggaga sida wanaagsan loo horumariyay, si toos ah u tafatiritaanka boggagan waxaa oggol siyaasada Wikipedia . Sidaa awgeed, waa inaadan meesha ka saarin wax isbeddel ah oo keliya sababtoo ah ma jirin dood muujinaysa in la isku raacsan yahay isbeddelka ka hor inta aan la samayn. Taa baddalkeeda, bixi sabab la taaban karo oo aad uga doodeyso ha ahaato qoraalkaaga wax ka beddelka ama bogga hadalka. Tifaftirayaasha geesinimada leh ee boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaanta waxaa si adag loogu dhiirigelinayaa inay raacaan heerarka WP: 1RR ama WP: 0RR . Tafatirka siyaasada lagu taageerayo doodaada dood firfircoon ayaa loo arki karaa inay tahay nidaamka ciyaarta , gaar ahaan haddii aadan shaaca ka qaadin markaad wax ka bedelayso. ===Isku dhacyada u dhexeeya boggaga talada=== Haddii boggaga siyaasadda iyo/ama tilmaanta ay isku dhacaan, hal bog ama dhowr bog ayaa loo baahan yahay in dib loo eego si loo xalliyo khilaafka si dhammaan boggaga iska soo horjeeda ay si sax ah u muujiyaan dhaqamada dhabta ah ee bulshada iyo talada ugu wanaagsan. Cabbiraadda ku meel gaadhka ah, haddii tilmaantu u muuqato in ay ka hor imanayso siyaasadda, tifaftirayaashu waxa ay u qaadan karaan in siyaasadda ay ka horraynayso. Inta badan, bogag talobixin toos ah iskuma khilaafaan, laakiin waxay bixiyaan doorashooyin badan. Tusaale ahaan, Wikipedia:Ilaha lagu kalsoonaan karo ayaa sheegaya in maqaallada wargeysyada guud ahaan loo tixgaliyo inay yihiin ilo lagu kalsoonaan karo, iyo Wikipedia:Identification ilo (daawooyin) lagu kalsoonaan karo waxay ku taliyaan ka dhanka ah maqaallada wargeysyada sababo farsamo qaarkood. Tifaftirayaashu waa inay adeegsadaan go'aankooda si ay u go'aansadaan talada ugu habboon oo ku habboon xaaladda meesha taal. ==Magacaabidda== Magacyada bogga ee siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyadu kuma jiraan erayada "siyaasad" ama "hagitaan", ilaa loo baahdo in bogga laga sooco mid kale. ==Helitaanka siyaasado iyo tilmaamo== Siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada waxaa lagu dhex mari karaa hagaha , qaybaha , qaabka navigation-ka ama sanduuqyada raadinta gaarka ah <inputbox> id = style-searchbox type=fulltext width=35 break=no searchfilter=incategory:"Wikipedia policies" namespaces=Wikipedia** searchbuttonlabel = Siyaasadaha raadinta </inputbox> <br> <inputbox> id = style-searchbox type=fulltext width=35 break=no searchfilter=deepcat:"Hagayaasha Wikipedia" namespaces=Wikipedia** searchbuttonlabel = Hagayaasha raadinta </inputbox> <br> <inputbox> id = style-searchbox type=fulltext width=35 break=no searchfilter=incategory:"Wikipedia Manual of Style" namespaces=Wikipedia** searchbuttonlabel = Raadi MOS </inputbox> 084xgj52qvfcagymqfur4ann1h430to 306023 306022 2026-08-27T13:40:28Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Wikipedia:Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha]]" ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=U oggolow oo keliya maamulayaasha] (aan xad lahayn)) 306022 wikitext text/x-wiki </noinclude> {{Redirect|WP:|politics|Wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability|Wikipedia:Vandalism||Wikipedia:Shan walxood}} {{procedural policy|WP:PG|WP:POLICY<!-- DO NOT add more shortcuts! Please read the previous discussions at [[Wikipedia_talk:Policies_and_guidelines#Shortcuts]] and the [[WP:LINKBOXES]] guideline. -->}} {{nutshell|Boggan si kooban: Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha Wikipedia waxay diiwaangeliyaan dhaqamada wanaagsan ee laga aqbalay bulshada Wikipedia. Boggan waxa uu sharxayaa sida siyaasada iyo hab raacyadayada sida caadiga ah loo horumariyo loona ilaaliyo.}} Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha Wikipedia waxaa soo saartay bulshadu si ay u qeexaan hababka ugu fiican, loo caddeeyo mabaadi'da, xalinta khilaafaadka, iyo haddii kale aan sii wadno hadafkeena ah abuurista encyclopedia xor ah oo la isku halayn karo. Looma baahna in la akhriyo siyaasad ama bogag tilmaame si loo bilaabo tafatirka. Shanta tiir waa soo koobid caan ah oo ku saabsan mabaadi'da ugu habboon. In kasta oo Wikipedia guud ahaan aanu lahayn xeerar adag oo degdeg ah , siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha waa halbeegyo ay tahay in dhammaan isticmaalayaashu ay caadi ahaan raacaan, oo leh tilmaamo siinaya hagitaan xaalado gaar ah. Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha waa in lagu dhaqmaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo caqli iyo caqli saliim . Farsamo ahaan, boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaantu maaha siyaasadda iyo tilmaamaha iyaga iyo naftoodaba. Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha dhabta ah waa dabeecado ay ku dhaqmaan inta badan tifaftirayaasha. Bogga siyaasaddani waxa uu qeexayaa heerarka bulshada ee la xidhiidha abaabulka, meertada nolosha, dayactirka, iyo u hogaansanaanta siyaasadaha, tilmaamaha, iyo boggaga la xidhiidha Wikipedia Soomaaliga . Ma daboolo daabacaadyada kale ee Wikipedia. ==Soosaarid== Wikipedia waxaa maamusha hay'adda Wikimedia Foundation ee aan faa'iido-doonka ahayn , taasoo xafidaysa xuquuqaha sharciga ah qaarkood-ka eeg bogga Siyaasadda ee Mu'asasada Wikimedia si aad u hesho liiska siyaasaddeeda. Sidoo kale eeg doorka Jimmy Wales . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida caadiga ah Wikipedia waa mashruuc iskiis u maamula oo ay maamusho bulshadiisu. Siyaasaddeeda iyo hab-raaceeda waxaa loogu talagalay inay ka turjunto is-afgaradka bulshada ==Doorka== Nidaamyadu waxay leeyihiin aqbalaad ballaadhan oo ka dhex jirta tifaftirayaasha waxayna qeexaan heerarka dhammaan isticmaalayaashu ay tahay inay caadi ahaan raacaan. Dhammaan boggaga siyaasadda waxay ku yaalliin Wikipedia:Liiska siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada iyo Qaybta: siyaasadaha Wikipedia . Soo koobida siyaasadaha muhiimka ah, '''Tilmaamuhu''' waa hab-dhaqannada ugu wanaagsan ee lagu taageerayo is-afgarad. Tifaftirayaashu waa inay isku dayaan inay raacaan tilmaamaha, in kasta oo sida ugu wanaagsan loola dhaqmo si caqli-gal ah, mararka qaarkoodna laga yaabo inay khusayso. Bogagga tilmaamaha waxaa laga heli karaa Wikipedia:Liiska siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada iyo Qaybta: tilmaamaha Wikipedia . Si loo soo koobo tilmaamaha muhiimka ah Qoraaladu waa ra'yiga ama talada tafatiraha ama kooxda tifaftirayaasha. Waxa laga yaabaa in aanay ku taageerin is-afgarad baahsan. Looma baahna inay u hadlaan bulshada oo dhan waxaana laga yaabaa in la abuuro oo la qoro iyada oo aan la ansixin. Qoraallada qoraagu ma rabo in kuwa kale wax ka beddelaan, ama si cad u khilaafaya la isku raacsan yahay, ay ka tirsan yihiin magaca isticmaale . Bogagga maamulka ee kale ee magaca mashruuca waxaa ka mid ah: Bogagga geeddi-socodka, kuwaas oo fududeeya ku-dhaqanka siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada (tusaale Wikipedia:Qodobada tirtirka ), Bogagga WikiProject , oo ay ku jiraan qoraallo ay qoreen si ay talo u siiyaan tafatirayaasha kale meelaha ay xiiseeyaan, Sida loo sameeyo ama loo caawiyo boggaga (sidoo kale laga helay Help namespace ), kuwaas oo bixiya inta badan macluumaadka farsamada, Bogagga macluumaadka , kuwaas oo guud ahaan bixiya macluumaadka dhabta ah, Kaabista tilmaamaha iyo siyaasadaha, kuwaas oo si faahfaahsan u sharaxaya talada, Bogagga wada xaajoodka bulshada iyo boorarka ogeysiisyada xiriirka ka dhexeeya tifaftirayaasha, iyo Bogagga taariikhiga ah, kuwaas oo duugoobay ==U hoggaansanaanta== Isticmaal caqli-galnimo xagga tarjumaada iyo ku dhaqanka siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha; Xeerarku waxay leeyihiin waxyaabo ka reeban marmar . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwa ku xad-gudbay ruuxa qaanuunka waxaa laga yaabaa in la canaanto ama la cunaqabateeyo xitaa haddii aysan farsamo ahaan jebin sharciga. Haddii siyaasad ama tilmaame tahay sharraxaad sax ah oo ku saabsan waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa is afgarad . ==Jid gaaban== Bogagga wada xaajoodka iyo tafatirka soo koobida, jidadka gaaban ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa si loo tixraaco siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha; tusaale ahaan, WP: NOR (ma jiro cilmi-baaris asal ah), WP: NPOV (aragti dhexdhexaad ah), iyo WP: BLP (taariikh nololeedka dadka nool). Jidadka gaaban ee la midka ah ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa noocyada kale ee boggaga mashruuca, sida qoraallada iyo sida loo hagayo. Sidaa darteed marin-gaabni macnaheedu maaha in bogga ku xidhani leeyahay siyaasad ama xaalad tilmaan ama ay bulshadu si weyn u aqbashay. Markaad tixraacayso jid-gaabyada ama boggaga siyaasadda, xaqiiji inay taageerayaan qodobbada aad samaynayso. Magacyada boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaan-bixinta iyo dariiqyada gaaban waxay noqon karaan marin habaabin. ==Dhaqangelinta== Haddii tafatiruhu ku xad-gudbo halbeegyada bulshada ee lagu qeexay siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada, tifaftirayaasha kale waxay uga digayaan qofka inuu u hoggaansamo hab-dhaqanka la aqbali karo , in kasta oo tifaftirayaashu ay isticmaali doonaan habab aad u xoog badan haddii hab-dhaqanku sii socdo, sida maamulaha iyo tallaabooyinka mas'uulka ah . Xadgudubyada guud waxaa lagula kulmaa dhaqangelin adag. Ka hor imaadka mabaadi'da lagu sheegay boggagan, gaar ahaan boggaga siyaasadda, uma badna in la caddeeyo wax la aqbali karo, in kasta oo ay suurtagal tahay in lagu qanciyo kuwa kale ka reebis ay tahay in la sameeyo . Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay tafatirayaasha gaarka ah (oo ay ku jiraan adiga ) dhaqan geliyaan oo dabaqaan siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha. Xaaladaha ay caddahay in isticmaaluhu uu ku dhaqmayo ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda (ama ka soo horjeeda habraaca hab ka hor imanaya siyaasadda), gaar ahaan haddii ay sidaas u samaynayaan ula kac iyo si joogto ah, isticmaaluhu waxa laga yaabaa in si ku meel gaadh ah ama si aan xad lahayn looga xannibo tafatirka maamulaha. Kiisaska habka xallinta khilaafku uu yahay mid aan waxtar lahayn, Guddiga Xalinta Khilaafaadka ayaa wax ka qabta xaaladaha aadka u qasaya ama xasaasiga ah. Bogagga siyaasadda iyo tilmaamaha waa inay: Cadeey . Ka fogow ereyada qarsoodiga ah ama ku-siman-sharci ama luqad aan af-lagaado lahayn. Noqo mid cad, toosan, aan madmadow lahayn, oo gaar ah. Ka fogow maahmaahyada iyo waxyaabaha guud. Iska ilaali inaad u isticmaasho wiki-jargon si aad ula jeedo wax aan ahayn macnihiisa gaarka ah. Tusaale ahaan, ilaali farqiga u dhexeeya maamulaha tirtiraya bogga iyo tifaftirayaasha caadiga ah oo ka saaraya ama baneynaya qaar ama dhammaan waxa ku jira. Xataa xagga tilmaamaha, bogagga caawinta, iyo bogagga kale ee aan siyaasadda ahayn, ha ka baqin inaad u sheegto tifaftirayaasha inay waajib ku tahay ama ay tahay inay wax sameeyaan. Noqo sida ugu macquulsan-laakin ha sii kooban. Afkaartu maaha difaac wanaagsan oo looga hortagayo fasiraad khaldan. Ka tag ereyada aan loo baahnayn. Qoritaanka tooska ah, ee kooban ayaa ka cad tusaalayaasha racing. Qoraallada hoose iyo isku xirka boggaga kale ayaa laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo caddayn. Xooga saar ruuxa qaanuunka. Ka filo tifaftirayaasha inay isticmaalaan caqli-galnimo. Haddii ruuxa sharcigu cad yahay, mar dambe ha odhan. Ilaali baaxadda oo iska ilaali dib-u-dhac. Aqoonso ujeedada iyo baaxadda goor hore, maadaama akhristayaal badan ay kaliya eegi doonaan bilowga. Nuxurku waa inuu ku dhex jiraa xadka siyaasadiisa. Marka baaxadda bog talobixineed ku dul wareego baaxadda mid kale, yaree dib-u-celinta. Marka ay siyaasad ka hadlayso siyaasad kale, waa inay si kooban, si cad, iyo si cad u yeelataa. Ka fogow isku xidhka xad dhaafka ah . Xeerarka iyo hab-raacyada waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan xiriirinta bog kasta, oo ay ku jiraan qoraallo iyo maqaallo. Xiriirinta noocan oo kale ah waa inay soo baxaan kaliya marka caddaynta ama macnaha guud loo baahdo. Xiriirinta bogag talobixineed kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay si ula kac ah ama ula kac ah dib ugu dhigaan "amarka" iyaga. Caddayn marka isku-xiryada noocan ah ay dib u dhigayaan, iyo marka aysan dhicin. Aan is khilaafin. Aragtida bulshadu isku mar ma noqon karto "A" iyo "ma aha A". Marka khilaaf muuqda uu ka soo baxo boggaga, tifaftirayaasha dhammaan bogagga ay saameeyeen waa in ay ka hadlaan sidii ay u saxi lahaayeen boggaga is burinaya si ay u muujiyaan aragtida bulshada. Wada hadalkani waa inuu ahaadaa hal bog oo hadal ah, iyadoo lagu martiqaadayo boggaas bogagga hadalka ee bogagga kala duwan ee ay khusayso. ==Ma aha qayb ka mid ah encyclopedia== Wikipedia wuxuu leeyahay siyaasado iyo tilmaamo badan oo ku saabsan nuxurka encyclopedic . Heerarkani waxay u baahan yihiin xaqiijin, dhexdhexaadnimo, ixtiraamka dadka nool , iyo in ka badan. Siyaasadaha, tilmaamaha, iyo boggaga hab-socodka laftoodu maaha qayb ka mid ah encyclopedia. Guud ahaan uma baahna inay u hoggaansamaan heerarka nuxurka ama heshiisyada qaabka sida maqaallada. Muhiim ma aha in la bixiyo ilo lagu kalsoonaan karo si loo xaqiijiyo boggaga maamulka, ama in la yiraahdo habraacyada ama mabaadi'da si dhexdhexaad ah, ama in la xuso awood ka baxsan go'aaminta hab-dhaqanka tifaftirka. Taa beddelkeeda, waxa ku jira boggagan waxa gacanta ku haya is-afgarad bulsho oo dhan , qaabkuna waa in uu xoogga saaraa hufnaanta, toosnaanta, iyo faa'iidada. Bogaggani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u baahan yihiin inay raacaan siyaasadaha sharciga iyo dhaqanka ee Wikipedia, iyo sidoo kale siyaasadaha lagu dabaqi karo boggaga aan nuxurka ku jirin. Tusaale ahaan, tifaftirayaashu kuma xad-gudbi karaan xuquuqda daabacaadda ama waxba kama beddeli karaan dagaalka meel kasta oo Wikipedia ah. ==meertada nolosha== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha sida wanaagsan loo aasaasay ayaa ka soo baxay mabaadi'da loo aqbalay inay aasaas u yihiin tan iyo markii Wikipedia la aasaasay. Kuwo kale ayaa loo sameeyay sidii xal loogu heli lahaa dhibaatooyinka caadiga ah iyo tafatirka carqaladaynta. Bogagga siyaasadda iyo tilmaan-bixinta dhif iyo naadir la'aanteed ayaa loo aasaasay waxayna u baahan yihiin taageero bulsho oo xooggan. Siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada waxa lagu dhisi karaa hindise cusub, kor u qaadida qoraallada ama hab-raacyada, iyo dib-u-habaynta siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada jira iyada oo la kala saarayo laguna midaynayo. Qoraallada iyo boggaga macluumaadka waxaa lagu dhisi karaa iyada oo la qoro oo lagu daro {{tl|essay}}, {{tl|Information page}}, {{tl|Wikipedia how-to}}, , ama qaab la mid ah bogga. Soo jeedinta siyaasada iyo hagida hadda waxa laga heli karaa Qaybta:Wikipedia proposals , iyo kuwa guuldarraystay ee Category:Wikipedia failed proposals . Dhammaan tafatirayaasha waa lagu soo dhaweynayaa inay faallo ka bixiyaan. ===Abuuritaanka codsi faallo=== Marka aad u malaynayso in soo jeedinta hore si fiican u qoran tahay, arrimaha ku lug lehna si waafi ah looga wada hadlay ka qaybgalayaasha hore si loo abuuro soo jeedin fursad adag u leh guusha bulshada guud, billow codsi faallo ah (RfC) oo ku saabsan siyaasaddaada ama soo jeedinta tilmaanta qayb cusub oo ku taal bogga hadalka soo jeedinta. Ku dar summada, oo ay la socoto sharraxaad kooban oo waqti-shabadaysan oo soo jeedinta ah. Kadib, haddii aad rabto, waxaad bixin kartaa sharaxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan waxa boggu qabto iyo sababta aad u malaynayso inay tahay siyaasad ama tilmaame. Qaabka {{tl|guideline}} waa in la dhigaa xaga sare ee bogga la soo jeediyay; sumaddan waxay heli doontaa soo jeedinta si sax ah loo kala saaray. RfC waa in sida caadiga ah lagu dhawaaqaa siyaasada iyo /ama soo jeedinta matoorada tuulooyinka, waana inaad ogeysiisaa kooxaha kale ee suurtagalka ah ee danaynaya. Haddii soo jeedintaadu saamayso aag gaar ah, markaas WikiProjects ee la xidhiidha waxa laga heli karaa hagaha WikiProject . Haddii soo jeedintaadu ay la xiriirto siyaasad ama tilmaamo jira, dabadeed qoraal ku dhaaf bogga hadalka ee siyaasadda ama habraaca la xidhiidha. Tusaale ahaan, tilmaamaha qaabka la soo jeediyay waa in lagu dhawaaqaa Wikipedia talk:Buugga Habka , kaas oo ah tilmaanta ugu weyn ee arrimaha qaabka. Isku day inaad aqoonsato qaybta hoose ee hagida ama siyaasada (eeg {{tl|policy}} template). Soo jeedinta ku lug leh maaddooyinka la isku hayo ama saamaynta baaxadda leh waa in sida caadiga ah lagu taxay Wikipedia:Doodda dhexe ee muddada RfC. Marar dhif ah, soo jeedin gaar ah oo muhiim ah ayaa laga yaabaa in lagu xayeysiiyo ogeysiis liiska la socoshada ; sitenotices (kuwaas oo lagu soo bandhigay dhammaan akhristayaasha, ma aha oo kaliya tifaftirayaasha firfircoon) looma isticmaalo soo jeedinta. RfCs ee soo jeedinta siyaasadda iyo tilmaanta ayaa caadi ahaan furan ugu yaraan toddobaad ama mararka qaarkood dhowr bilood. Si looga fogaado cabashooyinka dambe ee ku saabsan ogeysiis la'aanta, waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku caawiso inaad bixiso liiska buuxa ee kooxaha ama boggaga aad u isticmaashay inaad ku xayeysiiso soo jeedinta bogga hadalka. Ka digtoonow inaadan khariban , iskana ilaali ereyada aan dhexdhexaadka ahayn. Tifaftirayaashu waa inay uga jawaabaan soo jeedinta si ka caawisa aqoonsiga iyo dhisidda heshiis la isku raacsan yahay. Sharax fikradahaaga, weydii su'aalo, oo kor u qaad welwelka. Tifaftirayaal badan ayaa jawaabahooda ku bilaabaya xarfo geesinimo leh oo 'cod' taageero ah ama mucaarad si ay u fududeeyaan qiimaynta. ===Xiritaanka codsiga faallooyinka=== Xiritaanka dooddu waxay u baahan tahay in si taxadar leh loo qiimeeyo jawaabaha si loo go'aamiyo la isku raacsan yahay. Tani uma baahna faragelinta maamulaha; waxaa samayn kara tifaftire kasta oo khibrad ku filan oo dhexdhexaad ah, oo aan ku lug lahayn doodda, kaas oo yaqaan dhammaan siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha la xidhiidha soo jeedinta. Qodobada soo socda ayaa muhiim u ah qiimeynta la isku raacsan yahay: Is-afgaradka hab-raaca iyo siyaasadaha waa in ay ahaataa mid si macquul ah u xooggan, inkastoo aan loo baahnayn midnimo. Waa in loo bandhigaa bulshada oo ka baxsan kaliya qorayaasha soo jeedinta. Tixgeli xoogga bogga la soo jeediyay: Ma laga hadlay tabashooyin waaweyn oo la soo jeediyay intii doodda bulshadu socotay? Soo jeedintu miyay ka hor imanaysaa xeerar ama siyaasad jira? Ma lagu dari karaa habraaca ama siyaasadda cusub ee la soo jeediyay mid jira? Xeerka la soo jeediyay ma yahay, ama qayb ka mid ah, ma ku yar tahay hage ama siyaasad jira? Heerka soo jeedinta laguma go'aamiyo tirinta codadka. Codbixintu maaha beddelka doodda , sidoo kale natiijada tirada ra'yi ururintu maaha mid la mid ah is afgarad. Haddi is afgaradka taageerada beesha ballaaran uu iman waayo wakhti macquul ah ka dib, soo jeedintu waa fashilantay. Haddii la isku raacsan yahay uu dhexdhexaad ka yahay arrinta oo aanay u badnayn in la hagaajiyo, soo jeedintu sidoo kale waa fashilantay. Wadahadalka waxaa loo xiri karaa mid ka mid ah: Horumarinta , Lama ogola , ama guuldareystay . Fadlan ka tag qoraal gaaban oo ku saabsan gabagabada aad timid. Cusbooneysii soo jeedinta si aad u muujiso la isku raacsan yahay. Ka saar jaantuska {{tl|Proposal }} oo ku beddel template kale oo ku habboon, sida {{tl|Subcat guideline }} , {{ tl|Policy }} , {{tl|Supplement }} , {{tl|essay }} , ama {{tl|Failed proposal }} . Fiiri qaab-dhismeedka magaca Wikipedia si aad u hesho liiska boodhadhka. Haddii soo jeedintu guuldareysato, summada guuldarraystay waa inaan sida caadiga ah meesha laga saarin. Caadi ahaan way ka faa'iido badan tahay in dib loo qoro soo jeedinta fashilantay meel eber ah si wax looga qabto dhibaatooyinka ama la raadiyo is-afgarad si loogu dhex daro dhinacyada aan muranka lahayn ee bogag jira, halkii dib loogu magacaabi lahaa soo jeedin. ===Nuxurku wuu is beddelaa=== Xeerarka iyo hab-raacyada waa la daabici karaa sida bog kasta oo kale. Muhiim ma aha in laga wada hadlo isbeddelada ama in la helo heshiis hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha waa xasaasi oo adag, isticmaalayaashu waa inay ka taxadaraan wax ka bedel kasta, si ay u hubiyaan inay ka tarjumayaan aragtida bulshada oo aysan si lama filaan ah u gelin jahawareer. Ujeedada siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha waa in la sheego waxa inta badan ay ku heshiiyaan, waana in lagu qeexaa si ay uga tarjumayaan la isku raacsan yahay hadda . Tafatirka siyaasadda/hab-tilmaameedka/qormada lafteeda lafteeda ma tilmaamayso isbeddel degdeg ah oo lagu sameeyo ku-dhaqanka la aqbalay. Waa dhaqan xumo in lagu taliyo dhaqan la diiday bogga siyaasadda ama tilmaanta. Sida hoos lagu sharraxay, cusboonaysii hab-dhaqannada ugu wanaagsan adiga oo si geesinimo leh u tafatiraya ama adoo ka shaqaynaya sidii loo heli lahaa heshiis ballaadhan oo isbeddelka lagu samaynayo dood ===Isbeddel la taaban karo=== Fulin Kahor intaadan isbeddel la taaban karo ku samayn boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaanta, waxaa mararka qaarkood faa'iido leh in la isku dayo in la sameeyo wax macquul ah oo ka reeban dhaqanka jira. Si aad isugu daydo in aad sidan u cusboonaysiiso hab-dhaqanka ugu wanagsan ee jira, waxa aad si toos ah uga leexan kartaa ku dhaqanka la aasaasay adiga oo raacaya WP:IGNORE iyo WP:BOLD mabaadi'da oo u beddel boggaga meeraha guud . Muddo ka dib, haddii aysan jirin wax diidmo ah oo isbeddelka ah iyo/ama haddii is-afgarad ballaaran oo ku saabsan isbeddelkaaga ama hirgelinta lagu gaaro dood, waxaad markaas tafatiri kartaa boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaanta ee qeexaya dhaqanka si aad u muujiso xaaladda cusub. Horta la hadal. Wadahadalka bogga wadahadalku wuxuu caadi ahaan ka horreeya isbeddellada la taaban karo ee siyaasadda. Isbeddel ayaa la samayn karaa haddii aysan jirin diidmo ama haddii dooddu ay muujiso in la isku raacsan yahay isbeddelka. Tafatirka yar ee naxwaha iyo caddaynta ayaa la samayn karaa wakhti kasta. Haddii natiijada wada-hadaladu aanay caddayn, markaas waa in uu qiimeeyaa maamule ama tifaftire kale oo madaxbannaan, sida habka soo jeedinta. Isbeddellada waaweyn waa in sidoo kale loo bandhigaa bulshada guud ahaan; ogeysiisyada ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku habboon yihiin. Haddii la rabo fikrado ballaadhan oo ku saabsan isbeddelka la soo jeediyay, waxaa laga yaabaa inay faa'iido leedahay in lagu calaamadiyo qaybta sumadda . (Haddii soo jeedintu la xiriirto hal bayaan, isticmaal isla markiiba ka dib Ama ku dhiiran. In kasta oo tafatirayaasha intooda badani ay u arkaan doodaha mid waxtar leh, gaar ahaan boggaga sida wanaagsan loo horumariyay, si toos ah u tafatiritaanka boggagan waxaa oggol siyaasada Wikipedia . Sidaa awgeed, waa inaadan meesha ka saarin wax isbeddel ah oo keliya sababtoo ah ma jirin dood muujinaysa in la isku raacsan yahay isbeddelka ka hor inta aan la samayn. Taa baddalkeeda, bixi sabab la taaban karo oo aad uga doodeyso ha ahaato qoraalkaaga wax ka beddelka ama bogga hadalka. Tifaftirayaasha geesinimada leh ee boggaga siyaasadda iyo tilmaanta waxaa si adag loogu dhiirigelinayaa inay raacaan heerarka WP: 1RR ama WP: 0RR . Tafatirka siyaasada lagu taageerayo doodaada dood firfircoon ayaa loo arki karaa inay tahay nidaamka ciyaarta , gaar ahaan haddii aadan shaaca ka qaadin markaad wax ka bedelayso. ===Isku dhacyada u dhexeeya boggaga talada=== Haddii boggaga siyaasadda iyo/ama tilmaanta ay isku dhacaan, hal bog ama dhowr bog ayaa loo baahan yahay in dib loo eego si loo xalliyo khilaafka si dhammaan boggaga iska soo horjeeda ay si sax ah u muujiyaan dhaqamada dhabta ah ee bulshada iyo talada ugu wanaagsan. Cabbiraadda ku meel gaadhka ah, haddii tilmaantu u muuqato in ay ka hor imanayso siyaasadda, tifaftirayaashu waxa ay u qaadan karaan in siyaasadda ay ka horraynayso. Inta badan, bogag talobixin toos ah iskuma khilaafaan, laakiin waxay bixiyaan doorashooyin badan. Tusaale ahaan, Wikipedia:Ilaha lagu kalsoonaan karo ayaa sheegaya in maqaallada wargeysyada guud ahaan loo tixgaliyo inay yihiin ilo lagu kalsoonaan karo, iyo Wikipedia:Identification ilo (daawooyin) lagu kalsoonaan karo waxay ku taliyaan ka dhanka ah maqaallada wargeysyada sababo farsamo qaarkood. Tifaftirayaashu waa inay adeegsadaan go'aankooda si ay u go'aansadaan talada ugu habboon oo ku habboon xaaladda meesha taal. ==Magacaabidda== Magacyada bogga ee siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyadu kuma jiraan erayada "siyaasad" ama "hagitaan", ilaa loo baahdo in bogga laga sooco mid kale. ==Helitaanka siyaasado iyo tilmaamo== Siyaasadaha iyo hab-raacyada waxaa lagu dhex mari karaa hagaha , qaybaha , qaabka navigation-ka ama sanduuqyada raadinta gaarka ah <inputbox> id = style-searchbox type=fulltext width=35 break=no searchfilter=incategory:"Wikipedia policies" namespaces=Wikipedia** searchbuttonlabel = Siyaasadaha raadinta </inputbox> <br> <inputbox> id = style-searchbox type=fulltext width=35 break=no searchfilter=deepcat:"Hagayaasha Wikipedia" namespaces=Wikipedia** searchbuttonlabel = Hagayaasha raadinta </inputbox> <br> <inputbox> id = style-searchbox type=fulltext width=35 break=no searchfilter=incategory:"Wikipedia Manual of Style" namespaces=Wikipedia** searchbuttonlabel = Raadi MOS </inputbox> 084xgj52qvfcagymqfur4ann1h430to 0 43988 306031 287696 2026-08-27T13:53:46Z Abdullaho salow 47136 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 306031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abubakar Mohammed''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Abubakar Maxamed) waa [[Soomaaliya]] oo aad loogu yaqaano khudbad-bixiye dhiirrigelin ah, qoraa, wadaad, iyo tababare nolosha ah oo ka yimid Netherlands. Wuxuu caan ku noqday khudbadihiisa dhiirrigelinta ee onlaynka ah iyo xusuusinaha gaagaaban ee diinta Islaamka, isaga iyo walaalkiis Cumar Maxamed. Waxa uu daabacay buuggiisii ugu horreeyay Ku Raaxayso Noloshaada (Enjoy Your Life) sanadkii 2019, kaas oo guul weyn ka gaaray bulshada [[Soomaaliyeed]] ee adduunka oo dhan. [[File:Abubakar Mohammed.png|thumb|Abuubakar Maxamed]] ==Nolosha hore== Abubakar Mohammed waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Marka, Soomaaliya. Xilligaas, dagaalka sokeeye ee Soomaaliya wuu socday. In kasta oo uu jiray dagaal sokeeye, qoysas badan iyo carruur badan ayaa noloshooda sii waday. Waxa uu aaday dugsi Islaami ah si uu u barto Qur’aanka, wuxuuna dhammeystiray Qur’aanka isagoo jiray kaliya 10 sano. Sida caado u ah Soomaaliya, ka dib markii uu dhameystiray Qur’aanka, waxa uu bilaabay dugsi caadi ah. Sanadkii 2008, waxa uu qoyskiisa la guuray Netherlands ==Waxbarashada== Markii uu u guuray Netherlands, Abubakar Mohammed wuxuu helay fursad uu ku sii wato waxbarashadiisa. Ma garanayn afka Dutch-ka markii hore, sidaas darteed wuxuu bilaabay inuu barto luqadda, wuxuuna si fiican u bartay muddo hal sano gudaheed. Ka dib, wuxuu aaday secondary school, ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Regiocollege Zaandam si uu u barto Business Administration. Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay Regiocollege, ka dibna wuxuu iska diiwaangeliyay Hogeschool van Amsterdam (HBO, University of Applied Sciences) si uu u barto Business Management. Wuxuu sidoo kale ka qalin jabiyay Islamic School of Rotterdam, isagoo haysta Bachelor degree in Islamic Studies. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu qaatay casharro iyo koorsooyin dheeraad ah sida Psychology, Public Speaking, iyo Management & Leadership. ==Buugiisa== Buuggiisa Ku Raaxayso Noloshaada: Buuggiisii ugu horreeyay Ku Raaxayso Noloshaada waxa uu noqday bestseller dhexda bulshada Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool Europe iyo Africa. Guushan weyn awgeed, waxaa lagu martiqaaday Mogadishu Book Fair (MBF), halkaas oo uu kula kulmay Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya, [[Xasan Cali Khayre]]. Buuggiisa waxa uu xitaa gaadhay Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullahi ‘Farmaajo’. Buugga hadda waxaa loo turjumay Ingiriisi, waxaana qorshuhu yahay in loo turjumo luqado kale mustaqbalka ==Dhacdadii Garoonka== Intii uu ku guda jiray safarkiisa Afrika si uu uga hadlo buuggiisa, caanimadiisa ayaa si weyn u muuqatay. Marar badan waxaa soo dhoweeyay dadweyne aad u badan. Dadka oo aad u tiro badnaa ayaa yimid si ay u arkaan Abubakar, taasoo keentay in dhacdada qaar la joojiyo, taasoo niyad-jab ku noqotay taageerayaal badan. Arrintan waxay dhowr jeer dhacday, waxaana lagu xaliyay iyadoo la qabanayo dhacdooyin cusub oo lagu qabtay meelo waaweyn. Dadweynaha ayaa ahaa kuwo aad u badan oo aan ku habboonayn hoolalka caadiga ah; kaliya garoomada kubadda cagta ee Eng. Yariisow (Muqdisho) iyo Xaaji Daahir (Burao) ayaa qaadi kara tirada dadkaasi. ==Cumar Maxamed== Abubakar Mohammed waxaa badanaa lala arkaa walaalkiis Omar Mohammed (Omar Faruuq). Marar badan waxaa lagu khaldaa inay yihiin labada mataano. Omar Faruuq ma aha kaliya walaalkiis, laakiin sidoo kale waa hanuuniyihiisa (guru) oo ka caawiya inuu sameeyo go’aanno sax ah. Labadoodaba waxay wada qaateen abaalmarinta Saameynta Soomaaliyeed ee Sanadka 2018 (Somali Influence of the Year 2018) oo ay siisay HIRDA AWARD dalka Netherlands. ==Ururka Xidig== Abubakar Mohammed sidoo kale waa asaasaha Ururka Xidig. Ururkan waxaa la aasaasay si loogu caawiyo dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed, oo ka kooban 75% dadka Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha Soomaaliya. Waxa uu aaminsan yahay, ujeeddadiisuna waa: beddelidda maskaxda dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed waxay ka caawin doontaa Soomaaliya inay mar kale horumar gaarto. Ururka Xidig waxaa laga aasaasay Netherlands, sidoo kalena waa urur isku xiraya [[qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed]]. Ururkan waxaa lagu abaalmariyay shahaado sharaf ah oo ka timid Wasaaradda Dhalinyarada iyo Ciyaaraha Soomaaliya. ==Tixraac== [https://bookshop.org/p/books/ku-raaxeyso-noloshaada-abubakar-mohammed/a98ae37713b11a4d?ean=9780244873998&next=t&utm_source=chatgpt.com Buuga Ku Raaxeyso Noloshaada] [https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/20625854.Abubakar_Mohammed?utm_source=chatgpt.com Buugaag Abubakar Mohammed (Qoraaga Ku Raaxayso Noloshaada)] [https://www.abebooks.com/9780244873998/Ku-Raaxeyso-Noloshaada-Somali-Edition-0244873992/plp?utm_source=chatgpt.com Daabacaad Soomaali ah) - Jaldi jilicsan] [https://www.ebay.com/p/7050034172 Ku Raaxeyso Noloshaada by Abubakar Mohammed (2020, Trade Paperback)] [https://abubakarm.com/ Website] 9aq0eo2mvf2n5o3it46rqql3z8lewry 0 49823 306113 305977 2026-08-28T08:50:52Z ~2026-46848-14 47145 Wuxuu qoraalka ku badalay "'''Afrikada Faransiiska''' https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/the-ministry-in-action/contributing-to-sustainable-balanced-globalization/regional-strategies/french-diplomacy-in-africa-global-issues [[File:Flag_of_France.svg|thumb|right|400px|]] ==waddanamah== * {{Flag|Djibouti}} * {{Flag|Somaliland}} * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * wadnamhaa kale frica..." 306113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afrikada Faransiiska''' https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/the-ministry-in-action/contributing-to-sustainable-balanced-globalization/regional-strategies/french-diplomacy-in-africa-global-issues [[File:Flag_of_France.svg|thumb|right|400px|]] ==waddanamah== * {{Flag|Djibouti}} * {{Flag|Somaliland}} * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * wadnamhaa kale frica... kymscm7b5z9pkz60ovl5soo8gz9mh8v 306121 306113 2026-08-28T09:31:48Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-46848-14|~2026-46848-14]] ([[User talk:~2026-46848-14|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] 305977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afrikada Faransiiska''' waxaa ku jira dhammaan dhulalkii taariikhiga ahaa ee uu Faransiisku ku lahaa qaaradda Afrika. [[File:Colonization 1945 Spanish script.png|thumb|right|400px|Map showing French colonies, protectorates and mandates (in blue) in Africa in 1945; namely French Equatorial Africa, French North Africa, French Somaliland, Fezzan-Ghadames Military Territory iyo French West Africa. Along with former Belgian colonies (shown in light blue), these areas today make up the bulk of francophone Africa. ]] ==Meeleaha uu Faransiisku ku lahaa Afrika== [[Image:Map of Africa (2674833839).jpg|thumb|right|Map of French colonies in Africa (in green), {{Circa|1922}}]] {{Further|Françafrique|Scramble for Africa}} ===Afrikada Waqooyi ee Faransiiska=== {{main|French North Africa}} * Masar (1798–1801) * Aljeeriya (1830–1962) * Tunisiya (1881–1956) * Marooko (1912–1956) * Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) ===Afrikada Galbeed ee Faransiiska=== {{main|French West Africa}} * Xeebta foolmaroodiga (1843–1960) * Doxomeey ama Doxomeeyda Faransiiska (hadda Biniin) (1883–1960) ** Madax-bannaanida Doxomeey, iyadoo hoostegaysa ilaalinta Faransiiska 1889 ** Porto-Novo (ilaalin) (1863–1865, 1882) ** Cotonou (ilaalin) (1868) * Suudaanta Faransiiska (hadda Maali) (1883–1960) ** Senegambiya iyo Nayjar (1902–1904) ** Senegambiya iyo Nayjar (1902–1904) * Gini ama Giniyada Faransiiska (1891–1958) * Muritaaniya (1902–1900) ** Imaraadki Adrar (ilaalin) (1909) ** Imaraadki konfederashanka Taganit (ilaalin) (1905) ** Imaraadki Brakna (ilaalin) ** Imaraadki Trarza (ilaalin) (1902) * Nayjar (1890–1960) ** Suldaanadii Damagaram (Zinder) (ilaalin) (1899) * Sinigaal (1677–1960) * Volta Sare ee Faransiiska (hadda Burkiina Faaso) (1896–1960) * Togolandda Faransiiska (1918–1960) (oo hore u ahayd gumaysi Jarmal, maamulkii Isbahaysiga Quruumaha ee u guntaday Faransiiska) (hadda Togo) * Nayjeeriya ** Dhulalka Forcados iyo Badjibo (dhul kireysnaa 30 sano) (1900–1927) ** Imaraadki Muri (Waqooyi-bari ee Nayjeeriya) (1892–1893) * Gambiya ** Albreda (1681–1857) ** Jasiirada Kunta Kinteh (1695–1697, 1702) ===Afrikada Dhexe ee Faransiiska=== {{main|French Equatorial Africa}} * Tjaad (1900–1960) * Oubangui-Chari (hadda Jamhuuriyadda Afrika Dhexe) (1905–1960) ** Dar al Kuti (ilaalin) (1897) (1912 suldaanaddeedii waxaa baabi'iyay Faransiiska) ** Suldaanadii Bangassou (ilaalin) (1894) * Jamhuuriyadda Kongada Maanta, xilligaas Kongo tii Faransiiska (1875–1960) * Gabon (1839–1960) * Kaameruunta Faransiiska (91% ka mid ah Kaameruunta maanta) (1918–1960) (oo hore u ahayd gumaysi Jarmal, Maamul-wadaag, Ilaalin ka dibna Gumaysi Faransiis) * São Tomé iyo Príncipe (1709) ===Afrikada Bari iyo Badweynta Hindiya=== * Madagaskar (1896–1960) ** Boqortooyadii Imerina (ilaalin) (1896) * Isle de France (1715–1810) (hadda Mawrishiyas) * Jabuuti (Dhulka Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska) (Dhulka Faransiiska ee Afarta iyo Ciise) (Soomaalilaanta Faransiiska) (1862–1977) * Masartii Faransiiska (1798–1801, 1858–1882, 1956) * Mayotte (1841–hadda) * Seyshelles (1756–1810) * Jasiiradaha Chagos (1721–1745, 1768–1814) * Jasiiradaha Kala Fidsan (Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Jasiiradda Europa, Jasiiradda Juan de Nova, Jasiiradaha Glorioso, Jasiiradda Tromelin) * Komoros (1866–1975) * Réunion (1710–hadda) ==Eeg sidoo kale== * Gumaysigii Faransiiska * Taariikhda Afrika * Dhulalka Dibadda ee Faransiiska * Qaybsashadii Afrika ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Akwro dheeraad ah== * Langley, Michael. "Bizerta to the Bight: The French in Africa." ''History Today.'' (Oct 1972), pp 733–739. covers 1798 to 1900. * Hutton, Patrick H. ed. ''Historical Dictionary of the Third French Republic, 1870–1940'' (2 vol 1986) * Northcutt, Wayne, ed. ''Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946– 1991'' (1992) * Singh, Gurjit. "France in Africa: Trying a youthful look, Gateway House, 21 October 2021" [https://www.gatewayhouse.in/france-africa-youthful-look/ online]; Available at SSRN ===Siyasadda iyo Gumaysiga=== * Aldrich, Robert. ''Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion'' (1996) * Baumgart, Winfried. ''Imperialism: The Idea and Reality of British and French Colonial Expansion, 1880–1914'' (1982) * Betts, Raymond. ''Tricouleur: The French Overseas Empire'' (1978), 174pp * Betts, Raymond. ''Assimilation and Association in French Colonial Theory, 1890–1914'' (2005) [https://www.amazon.com/Assimilation-Association-French-Colonial-1890-1914/dp/0803262477/ excerpt and text search] * {{cite book|author=Chafer, Tony |title=The End of Empire in French West Africa: France's Successful Decolonization?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9GseKljgaW0C|year=2002|publisher=Berg|isbn=9781859735572}} * Clayton, Anthony. ''The Wars of French Decolonization'' (1995) * Cogneau, Denis, et al. "Taxation in Africa from Colonial Times to Present Evidence from former French colonies 1900-2018." (2021): [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03420664/document online] * Conklin, Alice L. ''A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895–1930'' (1997) [https://www.questia.com/library/65667984/a-mission-to-civilize-the-republican-idea-of-empire online] * Evans, Martin. "From colonialism to post-colonialism: the French empire since Napoleon." in Martin S. Alexander, ed., ''French History since Napoleon'' (1999) pp: 391–415. * Gamble, Harry. ''Contesting French West Africa: Battles over Schools and the Colonial Order, 1900–1950'' (U of Nebraska Press, 2017). 378 pp. [https://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.php?id=53876 online review] * Jennings, Eric T. ''Imperial Heights: Dalat and the Making and Undoing of French Indochina'' (2010). * Lawrence, Adria. ''Imperial rule and the politics of nationalism: anti-colonial protest in the French empire'' (Cambridge UP, 2013). * {{cite journal |first1=C. W. |last1=Newbury |first2=A. S. |last2=Kanya-Forstner |title=French Policy and the Origins of the Scramble for West Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1969_10_2/page/253 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=10 |issue=2 |year=1969 |pages=253–276 |jstor=179514 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700009518 |s2cid=162656377 }}. * Klein, Martin A. ''Slavery and colonial rule in French West Africa'' (Cambridge University Press, 1998) * Manning, Patrick. ''Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880-1995'' (Cambridge UP, 1998). * Neres, Philip. ''French-speaking West Africa: From Colonial Status to Independence'' (1962) * Priestley, Herbert Ingram. ''France overseas: a study of modern imperialism'' (1938) 464pp. * Quinn, Frederick. ''The French Overseas Empire'' (2000) * {{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Pakenham |title=The Scramble for Africa, 1876–1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/scrambleforafric00pake |url-access=registration |year=1991 |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-51576-2}}. * Poddar, Prem, and Lars Jensen, eds., ''A historical companion to postcolonial literatures: Continental Europe and Its Empires'' (Edinburgh UP, 2008), [https://www.amazon.com/Historical-Companion-Postcolonial-Literatures-Continental/dp/0748623949/ excerpt] also [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1g0b6vw entire text online] * {{cite book | last=Petringa | first=Maria | title=Brazzà, a life for Africa | publisher=AuthorHouse | publication-place=Bloomington, IN | date=2006 | isbn=1-4259-1198-6 | oclc=74651678}} * Priestley, Herbert Ingram. (1938) ''France overseas;: A study of modern imperialism'' 463pp; encyclopedic coverage as of late 1930s * Roberts, Stephen H. ''History of French Colonial Policy (1870-1925)'' (2 vol 1929) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84402 vol 1 online] also [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.89866 vol 2 online]; Comprehensive scholarly history * {{cite book |first=Spencer |last=Segalla |title=The Moroccan Soul: French Education, Colonial Ethnology, and Muslim Resistance, 1912–1956|year=2009 |location=Lincoln|publisher=Nebraska UP|isbn=978-0-8032-1778-2}}. * Strother, Christian. "Waging War on Mosquitoes: Scientific Research and the Formation of Mosquito Brigades in French West Africa, 1899–1920." ''Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences'' (2016): jrw005. * Thomas, Martin. ''The French Empire Between the Wars: Imperialism, Politics and Society'' (2007) covers 1919–1939 * Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. ''French West Africa'' (Stanford UP, 1958). * Wesseling, H.L. and Arnold J. Pomerans. ''Divide and rule: The partition of Africa, 1880–1914'' (Praeger, 1996.) * Wesseling, H.L. ''The European Colonial Empires: 1815–1919'' (Routledge, 2015). ===Xorriyad-siinta=== * Betts, Raymond F. ''Decolonization'' (2nd ed. 2004) * Betts, Raymond F. ''France and Decolonisation, 1900–1960'' (1991) * Chafer, Tony. ''The end of empire in French West Africa: France's successful decolonization'' (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002). * Chamberlain, Muriel E. ed. ''Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century'' (Routledge, 2014) * Clayton, Anthony. ''The wars of French decolonization'' (Routledge, 2014). * Cooper, Frederick. "French Africa, 1947–48: Reform, Violence, and Uncertainty in a Colonial Situation." ''Critical Inquiry'' (2014) 40#4 pp: 466–478. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/676416 in JSTOR] * Ikeda, Ryo. ''The Imperialism of French Decolonisation: French Policy and the Anglo-American Response in Tunisia and Morocco'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) * Jansen, Jan C. & Jürgen Osterhammel. ''Decolonization: A Short History'' (Princeton UP, 2017). [https://press.princeton.edu/titles/10963.html online] * Jones, Max, et al. "Decolonising imperial heroes: Britain and France." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 42#5 (2014): 787–825. * Lawrence, Adria K. ''Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire'' (Cambridge UP, 2013) [https://issforum.org/roundtables/7-18-imperial-rule-nationalism online reviews] * McDougall, James. "The Impossible Republic: The Reconquest of Algeria and the Decolonization of France, 1945–1962," ''The Journal of Modern History'' 89#4 (December 2017) pp 772–811 [http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/694427 excerpt] * Rothermund, Dietmar. ''Memories of Post-Imperial Nations: The Aftermath of Decolonization, 1945–2013'' (2015) [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Memories-Post-Imperial-Nations-Aftermath-Decolonization/dp/1107102294/ excerpt]; Compares the impact on Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Portugal, Italy and Japan * Rothermund, Dietmar. ''The Routledge companion to decolonization'' (Routledge, 2006), comprehensive global coverage; 365pp * Shepard, Todd. ''The Invention of Decolonization: The Algerian War and the Remaking of France'' (2006) * Simpson, Alfred William Brian. ''Human Rights and the End of Empire: Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention'' (Oxford University Press, 2004). * Smith, Tony. "A comparative study of French and British decolonization." ''Comparative Studies in Society and History'' (1978) 20#1 pp: 70–102. [http://w3.salemstate.edu/~cmauriello/pdfEuropean/Smith%20Compartive%20French%20and%20British%20Decolonization.pdf online] {{Wayback|url=http://w3.salemstate.edu/~cmauriello/pdfEuropean/Smith%20Compartive%20French%20and%20British%20Decolonization.pdf |date=20150614085733 }} * Smith, Tony. "The French Colonial Consensus and People's War, 1946–58." ''Journal of Contemporary History'' (1974): 217–247. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/260298 in JSTOR] * Thomas, Martin, Bob Moore, and Lawrence J. Butler. ''Crises of Empire: Decolonization and Europe's imperial states'' (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015) * Von Albertini, Rudolf. ''Decolonization: the Administration and Future of the Colonies, 1919–1960'' (Doubleday, 1971), scholarly analysis of French policies, pp 265–469.. ===Sawirada iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay Faransiiska=== * Andrew, Christopher M., and Alexander Sydney Kanya-Forstner. "France, Africa, and the First World War." ''Journal of African History'' 19.1 (1978): 11–23. * {{cite journal |first1=C. M. |last1=Andrew |first2=A. S. |last2=Kanya-Forstner |title=French Business and the French Colonialists |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_historical-journal_1976-12_19_4/page/981 |journal=Historical Journal |volume=19 |issue=4 |year=1976 |pages=981–1000 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X00010803|s2cid=159812995 }}. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638246 online] * Andrew, C. M., and A. S. Kanya-Forstner. "The French 'Colonial Party': Its Composition, Aims and Influence, 1885-1914." ''Historical Journal'' 14#1 (1971): 99–128. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2637903 online]. * August, Thomas G. ''The Selling of the Empire: British and French Imperialist Propaganda, 1890–1940'' (1985) * Chafer, Tony, and Amanda Sackur. ''Promoting the Colonial Idea: Propaganda and Visions of Empire in France'' (2002) * {{cite journal |first=Vincent |last=Confer |title=French Colonial Ideas before 1789 |journal=French Historical Studies |volume=3 |issue=3 |year=1964 |pages=338–359 |doi=10.2307/285947|jstor=285947 }}. * Conkin, Alice L. ''A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895-1930'' (1997) [https://www.questia.com/library/65667984/a-mission-to-civilize-the-republican-idea-of-empire online] * Dobie, Madeleine. ''Trading Places: Colonization & Slavery in 18th-Century French Culture'' (2010) * {{cite journal |first=Guy |last=Martin |title=The Historical, Economic, and Political Bases of France's African Policy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1985-06_23_2/page/189 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |year=1985 |pages=189–208 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00000148|s2cid=154727976 }}. * Rosenblum, Mort. ''Mission to Civilize: The French Way'' (1986) [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-07-05-bk-2118-story.html online review] * Rothermund, Dietmar. ''Memories of Post-Imperial Nations: The Aftermath of Decolonization, 1945–2013'' (2015) [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Memories-Post-Imperial-Nations-Aftermath-Decolonization/dp/1107102294/ excerpt]; Compares the impact on Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Portugal, Italy and Japan * Singer, Barnett, and John Langdon. ''Cultured Force: Makers and Defenders of the French Colonial Empire'' (2008) * Thomas, Martin, ed. ''The French Colonial Mind, Volume 1: Mental Maps of Empire and Colonial Encounters'' (France Overseas: Studies in Empire and D) (2012); ''The French Colonial Mind, Volume 2: Violence, Military Encounters, and Colonialism'' (2012) ===Taariikhda iyo xusuus-qorka=== * Bennington, Alice. "Writing Empire? The Reception of Post-Colonial Studies in France." ''Historical Journal'' (2016) 59#4: 1157–1186. [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/div-classtitlerewriting-empire-the-reception-of-post-colonial-studies-in-francea-hreffns01-ref-typefnadiv/32DA3F5C79BF6B46BE39A67840BF1D36 abstract] * {{cite journal |first=Rupert |last=Emerson |s2cid=220878619 |title=Colonialism |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-contemporary-history_1969_4_1/page/3 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=4 |issue=1 |year=1969 |pages=3–16 |doi=10.1177/002200946900400101}}. * Lawrence, Adria K. ''Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire'' (Cambridge UP, 2013) [https://issforum.org/roundtables/7-18-imperial-rule-nationalism online reviews] {{Commons category|French colonial empire}} {{Former French colonies}} {{French overseas departments and territories}} {{History of Africa}} {{Africa topics}} [[Category:History of Africa]] [[Category:Former French colonies]] [[Category:French colonial empire]] [[Category:French colonisation in Africa]] [[Category:French Union|List]] [[Category:Lists of former colonies|French possessions]] [[Category:France geography-related lists|possessions and colonies]] [[Category:France history-related lists|possessions and colonies]] ==waddanamah== * {{Flag|Djibouti}} * {{Flag|Somaliland}} * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} * {{Flag|Senegal}} * wadnamhaa kale frica... 58sdlim3d7goh69iyhaog6ce7zy2qom 0 49824 306114 303656 2026-08-28T08:51:57Z ~2026-46848-14 47145 /* Waddnamha */ 306114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Waaxda Afrika Waddanka Koonfur Korea''' [[File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg|thumb|right|400px]] https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/wpge/m_4910/contents.do {{Flag|South Korea}} ==Waddnamha== * {{Flag|Djibouti}} * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} * {{Flag|Somaliland}} * {{Flag|South Africa}} * {{Flag|Malawi}} ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Waaxda Waddanamaha Dunida]] iz2x5l9tm4agn5ht05f59p3oqzr7eil 0 51181 306020 2026-08-27T12:12:05Z Mohamed Abdiwali Yusuf 46970 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371334484|Andrew Marlton]]" 306020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer|name=Andrew Marlton|image=An Evening with First Dog on the Moon - Andrew Marlton - Adelaide Fringe Festival 2016.jpg|caption=Marlton in 2016|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Bega, New South Wales]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scholastic.com.au/schools/education/teacherresources/assets/pdfs/Wombat_and_Poohjam.pdf |title=Teachers Notes: The Wombat and the Grand Poohjam |publisher=[[Scholastic Corporation]] |accessdate=16 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420140306/http://scholastic.com.au/schools/education/teacherresources/assets/pdfs/Wombat_and_Poohjam.pdf |archivedate=20 April 2013 }}</ref>|death_date=|death_place=|occupation=Cartoonist, illustrator|period=|genre=Satire|subject=Australian politics|movement=|signature=|website=}}Andrew Marlton waa '''farshaxaniiste kartoon oo Australian ah''', waxaana si weyn loogu yaqaan magaca faneed ee Eygii ugu horreeyay ee Dayaxa. Wuxuu ahaa '''farshaxaniiste''' siyaasadeed oo joogto ah oo u shaqeeya '''Crikey''' intii u dhaxaysay '''2007 ilaa 2014''', ka hor inta uusan u wareegin '''Guardian Australia'''. Marlton wuxuu sidoo kale maamulaa bog uu leeyahay oo lagu magacaabo Blog-gii ugu horreeyay ee Dayaxa, wuxuu sawirro u sameeyaa buugaag, wuxuuna sameeyaa bandhigyo dadweyne. Sannadkii '''2012''', wuxuu ku guuleystay<ref>"First Blog on the Moon"''. Blogs.crikey.com.au. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref><ref>"National Museum of Australia - About the artists"''. Nma.gov.au. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref> '''Walkley Award for Best Cartoon''', oo ah abaalmarin muhiim ah oo lagu bixiyo Australia<ref>"Walkley Foundation on Twitter"''. Twitter. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref>. == Hawlahiisa == Marlton markiisii ugu horreysay ee uu ku shaqeeyo sawirgacmeedka wuxuu ka shaqo ka bilaabay '''Crikey''' sanadkii 2007, <ref name=":0">"So long and thanks for all the thanks –"''. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref> halkaas oo farshaxanka siyaasadeed ee ah First Dog on the Moon uu ku caan baxay. Shaqsiyaadka lagu soo bandhigay kartoonka Crikey waxaa ka mid ahaa: ABC Interpretive Dance Bandicoot, Brenda the Civil Disobedience Penguin, Ken the Hen '''(Gender Ambiguity Chicken'''), Warren the Water Buffalo, Ra'iisul Wasaare Julia Gillard, Kevin Rudd iyo Tony Abbott . Ra'iisul Wasaarayaashu waxa uu u ekaysiiyay dawaco, buufin iyo nin madaxa ku xiran baaldi siday u kala horreeyaan. Marlton wuxuu markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday barnaamijka '''The Insiders''' ee [[ABC Australia]] 26-kii Oktoobar 2008, halkaas oo uu kaga hadlay kartoonnadii uu toddobaadkaas ugu jeclaa.<ref>"Insiders - 26/10/2008: Talking pictures with Mike Bowers - Insiders - ABC"''. Abc.net.au. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref> 12-kii Sebtembar 2010, wuxuu mar kale ka soo muuqday barnaamijka, isaga iyo sawir-qaadaha kartoonnada ee reer Australia '''[[Jon Kudelka]]'''. Wareysiga<ref>"Life as a Political Editorial Cartoonist: Jon Kudelka and First Dog on the Moon Interviewed"''. Bhatt.id.au. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref> ayaa diiradda lagu saaray sababta ay labadooduba u doorteen inay noqdaan cartoonists. Kadib, Marlton iyo Kudelka waxay si wadajir ah u qoreen oo u sawireen buug la daabacay 2014-kii<ref>"Kudelka and First Dog's spiritual journey : in which two intrepid cartoonists bravely tour the dangerous* Tasmanian whiskey trail / Jon Kudelka and Andrew Marlton - Details"''. Trove. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>, kaas oo ka sheekeynaya safar ay ku mareen waddada khamriga ee Tasmania. Marlton wuxuu sidoo kale marar kale ka soo muuqday '''The Insiders''', gaar ahaan sannadihii '''2012'''<ref>"Talking Pictures on ABC's Insiders – First Dog on the Moon"''. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>''', 2013'''<ref>"2013 – First Dog On The Moon"''. firstdogonthemoon.com.au. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref> '''iyo 2014'''<ref>"Insiders - 02/03/2014: Talking pictures - Insiders - ABC"''. www.abc.net.au. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>. Caannimada '''First Dog on the Moon''' waxay keentay in la soo saaro alaabooyin ganacsi oo lagu saleeyay jilayaasha uu sameeyay. Alaabooyinkaas waxaa ka mid ahaa '''alaab-ciyaareed jilicsan (soft toys), funaanado, shukumaano jikada ([[tea-towels)]], sharabaado, kaarar ciyaareed, magnets, calaamado (badges), iyo kalandarro'''. 21-kii Sebtembar 2008, Ra’iisul Wasaarihii Australia '''[[Kevin Rudd]]''' ayaa barnaamijka telefishanka ee ''[[Rove]]'' kaga hadlay shukumaanadii jikada ee First Dog on the Moon. Marlton wuxuu sawirro u sameeyay buugaag dhowr ah, waxaana ka mid ah buugga carruurta ee ''The Wombat and the Grand Poohjam'', oo ay qortay '''[[Jackie French]]''', laguna daabacay 2009<ref>"Mates : The Wombat and the Grand Poohjam"''. Booktopia. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>. Sannadkii 2010<ref>"First Dog on the Moon's The Story of the Christmas Story"''. Booktopia. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>, wuxuu qoray oo sawirradiisana sameeyay buugga ''First Dog on the Moon’s The Story of the Christmas Story'', kaas oo la daabacay isla sannadkaas. Sidoo kale, wuxuu sawirrada u sameeyay buugga ''Got Zip!: Australia’s 2013 Election Live from the Campaign Trail'', oo uu qoray '''Guy Rundle''', kana hadlayay doorashadii Australia ee 2013<ref>"Got Zip! : Australia's 2013 election live from the campaign trail / Guy Rundle; with First Dog on the Moon - Details"''. Trove. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref> Marlton wuxuu '''Crikey''' uga tagay sannadkii 2014 si uu uga shaqeeyo '''Guardian Australia'''. Kartoonkiisii ugu horreeyay ee uu u sameeyo Guardian Australia waxaa la daabacay '''Abriil 2014'''<ref>''First Dog on the Moon.'' "First Dog on the Moon on the Icac hearing – cartoon"''. The Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref>. Shaqooyinka Marlton waxaa lagu soo bandhigay goobo dadweyne iyo goobo farshaxan oo kala duwan oo ku yaalla Australia. Laga bilaabo '''2-dii Diseembar 2011 ilaa 28-kii Janaayo 2012''', farshaxannada '''First Dog on the Moon''' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay '''Platform''', oo ku taalla Degraves Street Subway, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, iyadoo qayb ka ahayd bandhigga cinwaankiisu ahaa ''“The Universe According to First Dog on the Moon”''.<ref>"PLATFORM ART SPACES: Coming up at Platform...The Universe According to First Dog on the Moon"''. Platformartistgroup.blogspot.com. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref> Sidoo kale, kartoonnada siyaasadeed ee '''First Dog on the Moon''' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay bandhigga ''Behind the Lines''<ref>"Behind the Lines"''. Behindthelines.moadoph.gov.au. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref> , oo ah bandhig lagu soo bandhigo kartoonnada siyaasadeed, laguna qabto '''Museum of Australian Democracy'''. Sannadkii '''2013''', Marlton wuxuu magaalooyin dhowr ah oo Australia ka tirsan ku soo bandhigay bandhiggiisii ugu horreeyay ee majaajillada tooska ah, ''Cartoobs and Other Typos with Your Host First Dog on the Moon''<ref>"Cartoobs And Other Typos With Your Host First Dog on the Moon - Adelaide Fringe"''. 24 April 2013. Archived from'' the original ''on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>. Bandhigga waxaa suurageliyay olole lacag-ururin ah oo loo marayo '''Pozible''', kaas oo lagu ururiyay '''$6,191''' si loogu maalgeliyo socdaalka iyo bandhigyada<ref>"Cartoobs and other typos by Firstdog Onthemoon"''. Pozible. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>. Sannadkii '''2015''', shirkadda daabacaadda ee '''[[HarperCollins]]''' ayaa daabacday buug ururin ah oo ka kooban '''240 bog''', kaas oo cinwaankiisu ahaa ''A Treasury of Cartoons by First Dog on the Moon''. Buuggu wuxuu ururiyay kartoonno uu First Dog on the Moon sameeyay intii u dhaxaysay '''2009 ilaa 2015'''<ref>"A Treasury of Cartoons - First Dog on the Moon - Paperback"''. HarperCollins AUS. Retrieved 14 March2016.''</ref>. Bishii '''Maarso 2016''', Marlton wuxuu Bandhigga '''A [[Delaide Fringe Dabaaldagga|delaide Fringe Festival]]''' ee [[Koonfurta Australia]] ku soo bandhigay bandhiggiisii labaad ee majaajillada tooska ah. Bandhigga oo loo bixiyay ''“An Evening with First Dog on the Moon”'', Marlton wuxuu daawadayaasha u soo jeediyay bandhig '''PowerPoint''' ah oo uu kaga hadlayay shaqadiisa. Kadibna wuxuu ka jawaabay su’aalo ay daawadayaashu ka weydiiyeen '''shaqadiisa iyo siyaasadda Australia'''<ref>"An Evening with First Dog on the Moon"''. www.adelaidefringe.com.au. Archived from'' the original ''on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>. ''Buugga The Carbon-Neutral Adventures of the Indefatigable Enviroteens waxaa daabacday shirkadda '''Allen & Unwin'''bishii '''Diseembar 2020'''''<ref>''Marlton, Andrew (2020). Carbon-neutral adventures of the indefatigable enviroteens. Crows Nest, NSW, Australia: Allen and Unwin.'' ISBN''&nbsp;''<bdi>978-1-76052-612-2</bdi>''.'' OCLC''&nbsp;''1199012878''.''</ref> == Abaalmarinadda == Bishii '''Diseembar 2011''', Marlton waxaa la guddoonsiiyay '''Political Cartooning Award''', oo uu bixiyay '''Museum of Australian Democracy''', taas oo lagu aqoonsaday kartoonnadiisa siyaasadeed. <ref>"Show reveals Cartoonists Drawn to Politics"''. Canberra Times.'' Fairfax Media''. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2011.''</ref> 30-kii '''Noofambar 2012''', Andrew Marlton wuxuu ku guuleystay '''Walkley Award''', oo ay bixiso '''Walkley Foundation''', isagoo ku guuleystay abaalmarinta kartoonkii siyaasadeed ee ugu fiicnaa sannadka 2012. Kartoonka ku guuleystay abaalmarinta wuxuu ka koobnaa '''lix qaybood''', wuxuuna soo bandhigayay marmarsiiyooyin kala duwan oo loo adeegsado in la iska indho tiro xaaladda '''magangelyo-doonka isku dayaya inay doonyo ku yimaadaan Australia'''.<ref>"My Walkley Award winning cartoon thank you"''. First Dog on the Moon. Archived from'' the original ''on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2014.''</ref> == Noloshiisa hore == Marlton wuxuu ka soo qaybgalay Dugsiga hoose ee Yarralumla. <ref>"Celebrating the Achievements of our Past Students"''. 11 June 2014. Archived from'' the original ''on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref>Sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ka qoray dhalinyaradiisa: "Waxaan ahaa dhalinyaro murugo badan. Laakiin waxaan weli haystay wax aan ku noolaado. Waxaan lahaa [[Eexasho haweeneed|haweenka]], Dungeons &amp;amp; Dragons iyo Ramones.Wuxuu ku tilmaamay hooyadiis Paddy inay tahay haweenay, macalin farshaxan iyo "unioniist adag".<ref name=":2">''Moon, First Dog on The.'' "Kings Tribune - The Story of How Feminism Tried To Kill Me But I Managed To Fight It Off"''. www.kingstribune.com. Archived from'' the original ''on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.''</ref> Horraantii '''1980-meeyadii''', wuxuu ka shaqeynayay '''Radio 2XX''' oo ku taalla Canberra, sidoo kalena wuxuu ka baxay iskuul farshaxan isaga oo aan dhammaysan waxbarashadiisii. Ka hor inta uusan si buuxda ugu jihaysan shaqada kartoonnada, wuxuu lahaa hammi ah inuu noqdo '''jilaa iyo farshaxan-yahan'''<ref name=":1">Overington, Caroline ''(13 December 2010).'' "Ten Questions: First Dog on the Moon"''. The Australian. News Limited. Retrieved 11 December 2020.''</ref> . Wuxuu siyaasaddiisa ku tilmaamay '''“anarcho-marsupialist”''', oo ah eray kaftan iyo siyaasad isku dhex jira oo uu isagu u adeegsado inuu ku qeexo aragtidiisa siyaasadeed. Wuxuu sidoo kale sheegay inuu aaminsan yahay in '''nidaamka aabbe-ku-talisnimada (patriarchy) iyo hanti-goosiga (capitalism)''' ay weli u baahan yihiin in la burburiyo ama si weyn loo beddelo. Wuxuu yiri doorkiisa uu hadda isku arko inuu yahay '''qofka sawiraya kartoonnada ku saabsan dadka isku dayaya inay isbeddelkaas sameeyaan'''. <ref name=":2" /> Eyga Marlton ee lagu magacaabo '''Peanut'''<ref name=":1" /> ayaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqday qaar ka mid ah kartoonnada uu daabacay. == Tixraacyada == {{Reflist|30em}} <references /> [[Category:Dad nool]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bogag leh turjumaado aan weli dib loo eegin]] them7w6w8fvlyfd7ci3dl5luhupqima 4 51182 306021 2026-08-27T13:35:15Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Wikipedia:Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha]] 306021 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha]] 8pv7kh9xyhxzijdqwgjosru5cewul9t 10 51183 306027 2026-08-27T13:45:53Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .refbegin { margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .refbegin-hanging-indents > ul, .refbegin-hanging-indents section > ul { margin-left: 0; } .refbegin-hanging-indents > ul > li, .refbegin-hanging-indents section > ul > li { margin-left: 0; padding-left: 3.2em; text-indent: -3.2em; } .refbegin-hanging-indents ul, .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li { list-style: none; } @media (max-width: 720px) { .refbegin-hanging-indents > ul > li, .refbegin-hanging-indents secti... 306027 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .refbegin { margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .refbegin-hanging-indents > ul, .refbegin-hanging-indents section > ul { margin-left: 0; } .refbegin-hanging-indents > ul > li, .refbegin-hanging-indents section > ul > li { margin-left: 0; padding-left: 3.2em; text-indent: -3.2em; } .refbegin-hanging-indents ul, .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li { list-style: none; } @media (max-width: 720px) { .refbegin-hanging-indents > ul > li, .refbegin-hanging-indents section > ul > li { padding-left: 1.6em; text-indent: -1.6em; } } .refbegin-columns { margin-top: 0.3em; } /* Reset top margin for lists embedded in columns */ .refbegin-columns ul { margin-top: 0; } /* Avoid elements breaking between columns */ .refbegin-columns li { page-break-inside: avoid; /* Removed from CSS in favor of break-inside c. 2020 */ break-inside: avoid-column; } /* make font smaller only on a display */ @media screen { .refbegin { font-size: 90%; } } syhssffxzvjdex92fyznunfw3rhji6k 828 51184 306028 2026-08-27T13:47:25Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) -- create a title object local page = (args.page and mw.title.new(args.page)) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if require('Module:TableTools').inArray(page.categories, string.gsub( args[1], '^[Cc]ategory:', '' )) then if not args[3] then -- if we are are not given anything to return, return 'yes' if it evalulates to true return... 306028 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) -- create a title object local page = (args.page and mw.title.new(args.page)) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if require('Module:TableTools').inArray(page.categories, string.gsub( args[1], '^[Cc]ategory:', '' )) then if not args[3] then -- if we are are not given anything to return, return 'yes' if it evalulates to true return args[2] or 'yes' else return args[2] end else return args[3] end end return p 7f1t2m3n2xi5n23vrkp1tc5v7ndu9ee 828 51185 306029 2026-08-27T13:49:39Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local p = {} local yesno = require("Module:Yesno") function p.main(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local code = frame.args[1] if mw.text.trim(mw.text.killMarkers(code)) == "" or yesno(frame.args.unstrip) then code = mw.text.unstripNoWiki(code); end return pframe:preprocess(code) end return p 306029 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local yesno = require("Module:Yesno") function p.main(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local code = frame.args[1] if mw.text.trim(mw.text.killMarkers(code)) == "" or yesno(frame.args.unstrip) then code = mw.text.unstripNoWiki(code); end return pframe:preprocess(code) end return p oyxkgldm8bb0spoz31nlwzp04g4l9dy 828 51186 306030 2026-08-27T13:51:31Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module implements {{anchor}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local tableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local p = {} function p.main(frame) -- Get the positional arguments from #invoke, remove any nil values, -- and pass them to p._main. local args = getArgs(frame) local argArray = tableTools.compressSparseArray(args) return p._main(unpack(argArray)) end function p._main(...) -- Generate the list of anchors. local anchors = {...} loca... 306030 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{anchor}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local tableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local p = {} function p.main(frame) -- Get the positional arguments from #invoke, remove any nil values, -- and pass them to p._main. local args = getArgs(frame) local argArray = tableTools.compressSparseArray(args) return p._main(unpack(argArray)) end function p._main(...) -- Generate the list of anchors. local anchors = {...} local ret = {} for _, anchor in ipairs(anchors) do ret[#ret + 1] = '<span class="anchor" id="' .. anchor .. '"></span>' end return table.concat(ret) end return p qn9l8z10vmc8ghld7804a9aaffg6g8o 828 51187 306032 2026-08-27T13:55:02Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module implements [[Template:National squad]] and -- [[Template:National squad no numbers]] to avoid articles being added to -- [[:Category:Pages where template include size is exceeded]] -- when the template is used many times. local p = {} local prefixes = { ['male'] = ' men\'s', ['men'] = ' men\'s', ['mens'] = ' men\'s', ['men\'s'] = ' men\'s', ['female'] = ' women\'s', ['women'] = ' women\'s', ['womens'] = ' women\'s', ['women\'s'] = ' women\'s', [''] = ''... 306032 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements [[Template:National squad]] and -- [[Template:National squad no numbers]] to avoid articles being added to -- [[:Category:Pages where template include size is exceeded]] -- when the template is used many times. local p = {} local prefixes = { ['male'] = ' men\'s', ['men'] = ' men\'s', ['mens'] = ' men\'s', ['men\'s'] = ' men\'s', ['female'] = ' women\'s', ['women'] = ' women\'s', ['womens'] = ' women\'s', ['women\'s'] = ' women\'s', [''] = '' } -- Recognised sports local sports = { ['football'] = 'football', ['soccer'] = 'football', -- alias ['futsal'] = 'futsal', ['bandy'] = 'bandy', ['basketball'] = 'basketball', ['3x3 basketball'] = '3x3 basketball', ['3x3'] = '3x3 basketball', -- alias ['wheelchair basketball'] = 'wheelchair basketball', ['cricket'] = 'cricket', ['esports'] = 'esports', ['field hockey'] = 'field hockey', ['goalball'] = 'goalball', ['golf'] = 'golf', ['handball'] = 'handball', ['netball'] = 'netball', ['pool'] = 'pool', ['rugby'] = 'rugby', ['softball'] = 'softball', ['volleyball'] = 'volleyball', ['water polo'] = 'water polo', } -- Other football codes / phrases that must NOT be treated as -- association football when auto-detecting the sport from |team link= local not_football = { 'rugby', 'american football', 'canadian football', 'flag football', 'gridiron', 'arena football', 'gaelic', 'australian rules', 'beach soccer', } local function link_is_football(teamlink) -- Used only when |sport= is unset, to decide whether to default to football. -- No team link -> yes (default). A team link naming a different -- football code -> no. Otherwise yes if it mentions football/soccer. if teamlink == nil or teamlink == '' then return true end local ll = mw.ustring.lower(teamlink) for _, term in ipairs(not_football) do if ll:find(term, 1, true) then return false end end return ll:find('football', 1, true) ~= nil or ll:find('soccer', 1, true) ~= nil end function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame, {parentFirst = true}) local country = args.country or '{{{country}}}' local coach_label = args.coach_type or 'Coach' local comp = args.comp or '{{{comp}}}' -- Resolve the sport. If |sport= is not set, default to -- football only if |team link= looks like association football -- (or there is no team link); otherwise leave the sport undetermined -- so football-specific colors/flagvar are not applied to other sports local rawsport = args.sport if rawsport == nil or rawsport == '' then local tl = args['team link'] if tl and mw.ustring.lower(tl):find('futsal', 1, true) then rawsport = 'futsal' else rawsport = link_is_football(tl) and 'football' or '' end end local sport = sports[mw.ustring.lower(rawsport)] local knownsport = sport ~= nil if not knownsport then sport = rawsport end local gender = prefixes[args.gender or ''] or '' if sport == 'football' and gender == " men's" then gender = '' end -- Centralized team colors for football from [[Module:Sports color/international football]] local bg = args.bg local fg = args.fg local bordercolor = args.bordercolor local colortracking = '' if sport == 'football' or sport == 'futsal' then local colorkey = args.colorvar or args.country if colorkey and colorkey ~= '' then local teamcolors local ok, colordata = pcall(mw.loadData, 'Module:Sports color/international football') if ok and type(colordata) == 'table' then local entry = colordata[colorkey] if type(entry) == 'string' then entry = colordata[entry] end -- resolve alias if type(entry) == 'table' then teamcolors = entry end end if teamcolors then local function withhash(c) return '#' .. (tostring(c):gsub('^#', '')) end bg = withhash(teamcolors[1]) fg = withhash(teamcolors[2]) bordercolor = withhash(teamcolors[3]) else colortracking = '[[Category:National squad templates using locally-defined colors for football]]' end end end local titlestyle = 'background-color:' .. (bg or 'transparent') .. ';' .. 'color:' .. (fg or 'inherit') .. ';' .. 'border:1px solid ' .. (bordercolor or '#aaa') -- uses flagvar for given sport local flagvar = args.flagvar if flagvar == nil or flagvar == '' then flagvar = sport end local image = args.country ~= 'Unified Team' and require('Module:Flagg').luaMain(frame, { 'cxxl', args.country or 'none', flagvar, size = '50px' }) or frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'flagicon image', args = {'Olympic flag.svg', size = '50px'} } local ospan = '<span style="color:' .. (fg or 'inherit') .. '">' local cspan = '</span>' -- if |team link= not present, module will attempt to grab (if present) -- the sport's link alias field of the country's data template local teamlink = args['team link'] if teamlink == nil or teamlink == '' then local cdparams = {} if gender ~= '' then cdparams.mw = gender end local data = require('Module:CountryData').gettable(frame, country, cdparams) local alias = data and data['link alias-' .. sport] teamlink = (alias and alias ~= '' and alias) or (country .. gender .. ' national ' .. sport .. ' team') end local title = string.format('[[%s|%s%s%s]] – [[%s|%s%s%s]]', teamlink, ospan, args.title or country .. ' squad', cspan, args['comp link'] or comp, ospan, comp, cspan) local haspos = false -- Tracking and preview warnings local knownargs = {['bg']=1, ['fg']=1, ['bordercolor']=1, ['colorvar']=1, ['coach']=1, ['coach_type']=1, ['comp']=1, ['comp link']=1, ['country']=1, ['flagvar']=1, ['gender']=1, ['list']=1, ['name']=1, ['nonumbers'] = 1, ['note']=1, ['sport']=1, ['team link']=1, ['title']=1} local badargs = {} local numlist = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if knownargs[k] then elseif type(k) == 'string' then local n = tonumber(k:match('^p(%d+)$') or k:match('pos(%d+)') or '-1') if k:match('^p%d+$') and n >= 0 and n <= 99 then table.insert(numlist, k:match('^p(%d+)$')) elseif args.nonumbers and (k:match('^pos%d+$') and n >= 0 and n <= 99) then if v and v ~= '' then haspos = true end elseif v and v ~= '' then table.insert(badargs, k) end elseif v and v ~= '' then table.insert(badargs, k) end end table.sort( numlist, function (a, b) return tonumber(a) < tonumber(b) or (tonumber(a) == tonumber(b) and #a > #b) end ) local pv = require('Module:If preview') local preview, tracking, paramtracking = '', '', '' tracking = tracking .. colortracking if #badargs > 0 then for k, v in pairs(badargs) do if v == '' then v = ' ' end v = mw.ustring.gsub(v, '[^%w\\-_ ]', '?') preview = preview .. pv._warning({ 'Page using national squad with unknown parameter "' .. v .. '".' }) paramtracking = paramtracking .. '[[Category:Pages using national squad with unknown parameters|' .. v .. ']]' end end if (args['title'] == nil and args['team link'] == nil and args.country == nil) or args.comp == nil then paramtracking = paramtracking .. '[[Category:Pages using national squad with unknown parameters|!]]' end if not args['comp link'] then tracking = tracking .. '[[Category:Pages using national squad without comp link]]' end if not args['sport'] then if not args['team link'] then tracking = tracking .. '[[Category:Pages using national squad without sport or team link]]' end end if not knownsport then if not args['team link'] then local sortkey = mw.ustring.gsub(sport, '[^A-Za-z]', ' ') tracking = tracking .. '[[Category:Pages using national squad without team link and with an atypical sport|' .. sortkey .. ' ]]' end end if prefixes[args.gender or ''] == nil then tracking = tracking .. '[[Category:Pages using national squad with unsupported gender]]' end if args.name == nil then tracking = tracking .. '[[Category:Pages using national squad without name]]' end local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace if ns ~= 10 then tracking = '' end if ns ~= 0 and ns ~= 10 then paramtracking = '' end local list1 = args.list or '' if list1 == '' then for i,k in ipairs(numlist) do if args['p' .. k] then local n = args.nonumbers and (args['pos' .. k] or '') or tostring(k) if n ~= '' or haspos == true then list1 = list1 .. string.format( '*%s&nbsp;<span class="vcard agent"><span class="fn">%s</span></span>\n', n, args['p' .. k]) else list1 = list1 .. string.format( '*<span class="vcard agent"><span class="fn">%s</span></span>\n', args['p' .. k]) end end end if args.coach then list1 = list1 .. string.format( '*<span class="vcard agent">%s:&nbsp;<span class="fn">%s</span></span>', coach_label, args.coach) end end local list3 = args.note and ('' .. args.note .. '') or nil return require('Module:Navbox')._navbox({ name = args.name, titlestyle = titlestyle, listclass = 'hlist', bodyclass = 'vcard', titleclass = 'fn org', image = image, title = title, list1 = list1, list3 = list3 }) .. tracking .. paramtracking .. preview end return p djy1h7ojclse4syhel326yg60ykq2y2 828 51188 306033 2026-08-27T13:57:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local p = {} function p.getRedirectToNamespace(frame) titleObject = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- check if this is a redirect if titleObject.redirectTarget then targetNamespace = titleObject.redirectTarget.nsText return targetNamespace end return "Notaredirect" end function p.getTalkPage(frame) -- this is code written to check for the criteria to apply {{R to talk page}} - essentially, whether the redirect is outside of, and going into, a talk namespace titleObject = m... 306033 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.getRedirectToNamespace(frame) titleObject = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- check if this is a redirect if titleObject.redirectTarget then targetNamespace = titleObject.redirectTarget.nsText return targetNamespace end return "Notaredirect" end function p.getTalkPage(frame) -- this is code written to check for the criteria to apply {{R to talk page}} - essentially, whether the redirect is outside of, and going into, a talk namespace titleObject = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- check if this is a redirect if titleObject.redirectTarget then if not titleObject.isTalkPage then -- the current page is NOT a talk page if titleObject.redirectTarget.isTalkPage then -- the target page IS a talk page return "Yes" end end return "No" end return "Notaredirect" end function p.getSubpageStatus(frame) titleObject = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if titleObject.redirectTarget then -- check if this is a redirect pageIsSubpage = titleObject.isSubpage targetIsSubpage = titleObject.redirectTarget.isSubpage if (pageIsSubpage or targetIsSubpage) then if (pageIsSubpage and targetIsSubpage) then return "Both" -- both are subpages, return three elseif pageIsSubpage then return "Onlypage" -- just the page is a subpage, target isn't, return one else return "Onlytarget" -- just the target is a subpage, the page isn't, return two end else -- neither page nor target is a subpage, return zero return "Neither" end end return "Notaredirect" end function p.toDisambig(frame) -- this checks if the page title contains (disambiguation), as well as if it's a talkpage titleObject = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if titleObject.redirectTarget then -- check if this is a redirect if string.match(titleObject.text, "(disambiguation)") then -- title contains (disambiguation) if titleObject.isTalkPage then -- this is a talk page ({{R from unnecessary disambiguation}}) return "Talk" else -- this is not a talkpage ({{R to disambiguation page}}) return "Article" end else -- title does not contain "(disambiguation)" return "No" end end return "Notaredirect" end return p kj4244xrppjy6jy4e76rxqn28nlzqeh 828 51189 306034 2026-08-27T13:58:55Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: --[[ v1.00 Test the string against the list of countries/continents. Return the first word which matches a country/continent name ... unless the "match=" parameter specifies a different match. If there is no match, then return an empty string ... unless the "nomatch" parameter specifies something different ]] local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} -- config local nomatch = "" local matchnum = 1 local countryList = { 'South Af... 306034 Scribunto text/plain --[[ v1.00 Test the string against the list of countries/continents. Return the first word which matches a country/continent name ... unless the "match=" parameter specifies a different match. If there is no match, then return an empty string ... unless the "nomatch" parameter specifies something different ]] local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} -- config local nomatch = "" local matchnum = 1 local countryList = { 'South African', 'African', 'Antarctican', 'Central Asian', 'South Asian', 'South East Asian', 'Southeast Asian', 'Asian', 'Caribbean', 'Eurasian', 'European', 'Middle Eastern', 'Central American', 'North American', 'South American', 'Afghan', 'Albanian', 'Algerian', 'American Samoan', 'American', 'Andorran', 'Angolan', 'Anguillan', 'Antarctican', 'Antigua and Barbuda', 'Argentine', 'Armenian', 'Aruban', 'Australian', 'Austrian', 'Azerbaijani', 'Bahamian', 'Bahraini', 'Bangladeshi', 'Barbadian', 'Belarusian', 'Belgian', 'Belizean', 'Beninese', 'Bermudian', 'Bhutanese', 'Bolivian', 'Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'Botswanan', 'Bouvet Island', 'Brazilian', 'British Indian Ocean Territory', 'British Virgin Islands', 'British', 'English', 'Scottish', 'Welsh', 'Northern Irish', 'Bruneian', 'Bulgarian', 'Burkinabe', 'Burmese', 'Burundian', 'Cambodian', 'Cameroonian', 'Canadian', 'Cape Verdean', 'Caymanian Islands', 'Caymanian', 'Central African', 'Chadian', 'Chilean', 'Chinese', 'Christmas Island', 'Cocos (Keeling) Islands', 'Colombian', 'Comorian', 'Cook Islands', 'Costa Rican', 'Croatian', 'Cuban', 'Cypriot', 'Czech', 'Danish', 'Democratic Republic of the Congo', 'Djiboutian', 'Dominica', 'Dominican Republic', 'Dutch', 'East Timorese', 'Ecuadorian', 'Egyptian', 'Emirati', 'Eritrean', 'Estonian', 'Ethiopian', 'Falkland Islands', 'Faroese', 'Federated States of Micronesia', 'Fijian', 'Filipino', 'Philippine', 'Finnish', 'French Polynesian', 'French Southern Territories', 'French', 'Gabonese', 'Gambian', 'Georgian', 'German', 'Ghanaian', 'Gibraltarian', 'Greek', 'Greenlandic', 'Grenadian', 'Guadeloupean', 'Guam', 'Guatemalan', 'Guernsey', 'Guianese', 'Bissau-Guinean', 'Bissau-Guinean', 'Papua New Guinean', 'Equatoguinean', 'Guinean', 'Guyanese', 'Haitian', 'Heard Island and McDonald Islands', 'Honduran', 'Hong Kong', 'Hungarian', 'Icelandic', 'Indian', 'Indonesian', 'Iranian', 'Iraqi', 'Irish', 'Israeli', 'Italian', 'Ivorian', 'Jamaican', 'Japanese', 'Jersey', 'Jordanian', 'Kazakh', 'Kenyan', 'Kiribati', 'Kuwaiti', 'Kosovan', 'Kosovar', 'Kyrgyzstani', 'Lao', 'Latvian', 'Lebanese', 'Lesothan', 'Liberian', 'Libyan', 'Liechtensteiner', 'Liechtenstein', 'Lithuanian', 'Luxembourgian', 'Luxembourg', 'Macanese', 'Macedonian', 'Malagasy', 'Malawian', 'Malaysian', 'Maldivian', 'Malian', 'Maltese', 'Manx', 'Marshallese', 'Martiniquan', 'Mauritanian', 'Mauritian', 'Mayotte', 'Mexican', 'Moldovan', 'Mongolian', 'Montenegrin', 'Montserratian', 'Monégasque', 'Moroccan', 'Mozambican', 'Namibian', 'Nauruan', 'Nepalese', 'Netherlands Antillean', 'New Caledonian', 'New Caledonia', 'New Zealand', 'Nicaraguan', 'Nigerian', 'Nigerien', 'Niuean', 'Norfolk Island', 'North Korean', 'Macedonian', 'Northern Mariana Islands', 'Norwegian', 'Omani', 'Pakistani', 'Palauan', 'Palestinian', 'Panamanian', 'Paraguayan', 'Peruvian', 'Pitcairn Islands', 'Polish', 'Portuguese', 'Puerto Rican', 'Qatari', 'Republic of the Congo', 'Romanian', 'Russian', 'Rwandan', 'Réunionnais', 'Sahrawi', 'Saint Barthélemy', 'Saint Helenian', 'Saint Kitts and Nevis', 'Saint Lucian', 'Saint Martin', 'Saint Pierre and Miquelon', 'Saint Vincent and the Grenadines', 'Salvadoran', 'Sammarinese', 'Samoan', 'Saudi Arabian', 'Senegalese', 'Serbian', 'Seychellois', 'Sierra Leonean', 'Singaporean', 'Slovak', 'Slovenian', 'Solomon Islands', 'Somali', 'South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands', 'South Korean', 'Korean', 'Spanish', 'Catalan', 'Sri Lankan', 'Sudanese', 'Surinamese', 'Svalbard and Jan Mayen', 'Swazi', 'Swedish', 'Swiss', 'Syrian', 'São Tomé and Príncipe', 'Taiwanese', 'Tajikistani', 'Tajik', 'Tanzanian', 'Thai', 'Togolese', 'Tokelauan', 'Tongan', 'Trinidad and Tobago', 'Tunisian', 'Turkish', 'Turkmen', 'Turks and Caicos Islands', 'Tuvaluan', 'Ugandan', 'Ukrainian', 'United States Minor Outlying Islands', 'United States Virgin Islands', 'Uruguayan', 'Uzbek', 'Vanuatuan', 'Vatican City', 'Venezuelan', 'Vietnamese', 'Wallis and Futuna', 'Yemeni', 'Zambian', 'Zimbabwean', 'Åland', 'Find demonym/testcases' } -- returns the name of a country demonym that is found in the string -- ... or an empty string if there is no match function findcountryinstring(str) nMatches = 0 myMatches ={} str=" " .. str:gsub("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1") .. " " -- check agaist each country -- if there is a match, then return that country for i, thiscountry in ipairs(countryList) do local pat = thiscountry if pat == "Dominica" then pat = "Dominica%f[^a-z]" -- Don't match "dominican republic"; the correct demonym for people from Dominica is just "Dominica people" end if mw.ustring.find(str, pat) then nMatches = nMatches + 1 myMatches[nMatches] = thiscountry end end if (nMatches == 0) then -- none of the title words matches a whole country return nomatch end if ((matchnum >= 1) and (matchnum <= nMatches)) then return myMatches[matchnum] end if (matchnum < 0) then matchnum = matchnum + 1 -- so that -1 is the last match etc if ((matchnum + nMatches) >= 1) then return myMatches[matchnum + nMatches] end end -- if we get here, we have not found a match at the position specified by "matchnum" return nomatch end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) if (args['nomatch'] ~= nil) then nomatch = args['nomatch'] end -- by default, we return the first match -- but the optional "C" paarmeter sets the "matchnum" variable, which -- * for a positive matchnum "n", returns the nth match if it exists -- * for a positive matchnum "n", returns (if it exists) the nth match -- counting backwards from the end. -- So "match=-1" returns the last match -- and "match=-3" returns the 3rd-last match if (args['match'] ~= nil) then matchnum = tonumber(args['match']) if ((matchnum == nil) or (matchnum == 0)) then matchnum = 1 end end -- by default, we use the current page -- but if the "string=" parameters is supplied, we use that -- so we try the parameter first thispagename = nil if ((args['string'] ~= nil) and (args['string'] ~= "")) then -- we have a non-empty "string" parameter, so we use it thisstring = args['string'] else -- get the page title thispage = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() thisstring = thispage.text; end -- now check the pagename to try to find a country result = findcountryinstring(thisstring) if (result == "") then return nomatch end return result end return p kwjsfeitaxtp462osfqxzo6u1qiuyrh 828 51190 306035 2026-08-27T14:00:23Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Normal team formatting: -- -- ["team name"] = {"primary color", "secondary color", "tertiary color", "alternative primary", "alternative secondary"}, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Team with historical colors formatting(where XXXX represents the 4-digit -- start year and YYYY represents the 4-digit end year): -- -- ["team name"] = {"primary colo... 306035 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Normal team formatting: -- -- ["team name"] = {"primary color", "secondary color", "tertiary color", "alternative primary", "alternative secondary"}, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Team with historical colors formatting(where XXXX represents the 4-digit -- start year and YYYY represents the 4-digit end year): -- -- ["team name"] = {"primary color", "secondary color", "tertiary color", "alternative primary", "alternative secondary", -- { -- ["team name XXXXthruYYYY"] = {"primary color", "secondary color", "tertiary color", "alternative primary", "alternative secondary"}, -- ["team name XXXXthruYYYY"] = "team name", -- ["team name XXXXthruYYYY"] = "team name XXXXthruYYYY" -- } -- }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Team alternative name formatting: -- -- ["team alternative name"] = "team name", -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return { -- START NFL/AFL teams -- ["NFL"] = {"#013369", "#FFFFFF", "#D50A0A", "#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", { ["NFL 1984thru2007"] = {"#2A4089", "#FFFFFF", "#E9270F", "#E9270F", "#000000"}, ["NFL 1962thru1984"] = {"#294088", "#FFFFFF", "#CE311C", "#CE311C", "#FFFFFF"}, ["NFL 1941thru1961"] = {"#2B428C", "#FFFFFF", "#EB250A", "#EB250A", "#000000"}, ["NFL 1940thru1940"] = {"#323994", "#FFFFFF", "#EA250A", "#EA250A", "#000000"} } }, ["AFC"] = {"#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", "#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", "#D50A0A"}, ["NFC"] = {"#013369", "#FFFFFF", "#013369", "#FFFFFF", "#013369"}, ["AFL"] = {"#E31837", "#FFFFFF", "#00338D", "#00338D", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Buffalo Bills"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", "#FFFFFF", { ["Buffalo Bills 2002thru2010"] = {"#00274D", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Buffalo Bills 1974thru2001"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Buffalo Bills 1962thru1973"] = {"#003189", "#FFFFFF", "#EC250A", "#EC250A", "#000000"}, ["Buffalo Bills 1960thru1961"] = {"#0076BC", "#FFFFFF", "#B0B7BC", "#B0B7BC", "#000000"} } }, ["Miami Dolphins"] = {"#008E97", "#FFFFFF", "#FC4C02", "#FC4C02", "#000000", { ["Miami Dolphins 2013thru2017"] = {"#008E97", "#FFFFFF", "#F58220", "#F58220", "#000000"}, ["Miami Dolphins 1989thru2012"] = {"#356C67", "#FFFFFF", "#F85804", "#F85804", "#000000"}, ["Miami Dolphins 1974thru1988"] = {"#2D737C", "#FFFFFF", "#FF7F15", "#FF7F15", "#000000"}, ["Miami Dolphins 1966thru1973"] = {"#007378", "#FFFFFF", "#C83803", "#C83803", "#FFFFFF"}, } }, ["New England Patriots"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", "#FFFFFF", { ["New England Patriots 1993thru1999"] = {"#1E0A58", "#FFFFFF", "#E52309", "#E52309", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New England Patriots 1971thru1992"] = {"#C60C30", "#FFFFFF", "#00539B", "#00539B", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New England Patriots 1960thru1970"] = "Boston Patriots" } }, ["Boston Patriots"] = {"#C60C30", "#FFFFFF", "#00539B", "#00539B", "#FFFFFF"}, ["NY Jets"] = "New York Jets", ["New York Jets"] = {"#115740", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#115740", { ["New York Jets 1998thru2018"] = {"#203731", "#FFFFFF", "#203731", "#FFFFFF", "#203731"}, ["New York Jets 1990thru1997"] = {"#005C34", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#005C34"}, ["New York Jets 1978thru1989"] = {"#005C34", "#FFFFFF", "#005C34", "#FFFFFF", "#005C34"}, ["New York Jets 1963thru1977"] = {"#017440", "#FFFFFF", "#017440", "#FFFFFF", "#017440"}, ["New York Jets 1960thru1962"] = "New York Titans" } }, ["Titans of New York"] = "New York Titans", ["NY Titans"] = "New York Titans", ["New York Titans"] = {"#3D4B66", "#FFFFFF", "#F0B510", "#F0B510", "#3D4B66"}, ["Baltimore Ravens"] = {"#24135F", "#FFFFFF", "#9A7611", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Cincinnati Bengals"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FB4F14", "#FB4F14", "#000000", { ["Cincinnati Bengals 1997thru2003"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF5D21", "#FF5D21", "#000000"}, ["Cincinnati Bengals 1981thru1996"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E9532B", "#E9532B", "#000000"}, ["Cincinnati Bengals 1968thru1980"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F0461A", "#F0461A", "#000000"} } }, ["Cleveland Browns"] = {"#311D00", "#FFFFFF", "#FF3C00", "#FF3C00", "#000000", { ["Cleveland Browns 1999thru2014"] = {"#22150C", "#FFFFFF", "#FB4F14", "#FB4F14", "#22150C"}, ["Cleveland Browns 1986thru1995"] = {"#4B2B17", "#FFFFFF", "#FB5611", "#FB5611", "#000000"}, ["Cleveland Browns 1970thru1985"] = {"#4B2B17", "#FFFFFF", "#FC4204", "#FC4204", "#000000"}, ["Cleveland Browns 1959thru1969"] = {"#4B2B17", "#FFFFFF", "#F27315", "#F27315", "#000000"}, ["Cleveland Browns 1946thru1958"] = {"#4A0000", "#FFFFFF", "#FB8714", "#FB8714", "#4A0000"} } }, ["Pittsburgh Pirates"] = "Pittsburgh Steelers", ["Pittsburgh Pirates (NFL)"] = "Pittsburgh Steelers", ["Pittsburgh Steelers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#000000", { ["Pittsburgh Steelers 1943thru1943"] = "Steagles", ["Pittsburgh Steelers 1944thru1944"] = "Card-Pitt", ["Pittsburgh Steelers 1969thru2001"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E8B11C", "#E8B11C", "#000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Steelers 1962thru1968"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F5C620", "#F5C620", "#000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Steelers 1945thru1961"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F4DB61", "#F4DB61", "#000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Steelers 1940thru1942"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F4DB61", "#F4DB61", "#000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Steelers 1933thru1939"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F2C314", "#F2C314", "#000000"} } }, ["Philadelphia-Pittsburgh Eagles-Steelers"] = "Steagles", ["Pittsburgh-Philadelphia Steelers-Eagles"] = "Steagles", ["Phil-Pitt Eagles-Steelers"] = "Steagles", ["Pitt-Phil Steelers-Eagles"] = "Steagles", ["Philadelphia-Pittsburgh Steagles"] = "Steagles", ["Pittsburgh-Philadelphia Steagles"] = "Steagles", ["Phil-Pitt Steagles"] = "Steagles", ["Pitt-Phil Steagles"] = "Steagles", ["Steagles"] = {"#03843F", "#FFFFFF", "#03843F", "#FFFFFF", "#03843F"}, ["Chicago-Pittsburgh Cardinals-Steelers"] = "Card-Pitt", ["Pittsburgh-Chicago Steelers-Cardinals"] = "Card-Pitt", ["Card-Pitt"] = {"#7C2332", "#FFFFFF", "#7C2332", "#FFFFFF", "#7C2332"}, ["Houston Texans"] = {"#021018", "#FFFFFF", "#EB0028", "#EB0028", "#FFFFFF", { ["Houston Texans 2002thru2023"] = {"#03202F", "#FFFFFF", "#A71930", "#A71930", "#FFFFFF"} } }, ["Baltimore Colts"] = {"#000E90", "#FFFFFF", "#000E90", "#FFFFFF", "#000E90", { ["Baltimore Colts 1961thru1978"] = {"#295192", "#FFFFFF", "#295192", "#FFFFFF", "#295192"}, ["Baltimore Colts 1953thru1960"] = {"#276899", "#FFFFFF", "#B6BBBC", "#FFFFFF", "#276899"}, } }, ["Indianapolis Colts"] = {"#013369", "#FFFFFF", "#A5ACAF", "#FFFFFF", "#013369", { ["Indianapolis Colts 1984thru2001"] = {"#000E90", "#FFFFFF", "#000E90", "#FFFFFF", "#000E90"} } }, ["Jacksonville Jaguars"] = {"#006778", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", { ["Jacksonville Jaguars 2013thru2017"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#D7A22A", "#006778", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Jacksonville Jaguars 2009thru2012"] = {"#00839C", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Jacksonville Jaguars 1995thru2008"] = {"#00839C", "#FFFFFF", "#D2AA41", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"} } }, ["Tennessee Titans"] = {"#4495D2", "#FFFFFF", "#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", "#4495D2", { ["Tennessee Titans 2025thru2025"] = {"#4B92DB", "#FFFFFF", "#002244", "#002244", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Tennessee Titans 2016thru2024"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#4B92DB", "#4B92DB", "#002244"}, ["Tennessee Titans 2008thru2015"] = {"#4B92DB", "#FFFFFF", "#002244", "#002244", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Tennessee Titans 1999thru2007"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#4B92DB", "#4B92DB", "#002244"}, ["Tennessee Titans 1997thru1998"] = "Tennessee Oilers" } }, ["Tennessee Oilers"] = {"#4495D2", "#FFFFFF", "#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", "#4495D2"}, ["Houston Oilers"] = {"#4495D2", "#FFFFFF", "#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", "#4495D2"}, ["Denver Broncos"] = {"#0A2343", "#FFFFFF", "#FC4C02", "#FC4C02", "#0A2343", { ["Denver Broncos 1968thru1996"] = {"#0066B3", "#FFFFFF", "#F37021", "#F37021", "#000000"}, ["Denver Broncos 1962thru1967"] = {"#203D86", "#FFFFFF", "#FF6712", "#FF6712", "#000000"}, ["Denver Broncos 1960thru1961"] = {"#381515", "#FFFFFF", "#FABC25", "#FABC25", "#381515"} } }, ["Dallas Texans"] = {"#F01601", "#FFFFFF", "#DAAE04", "#DAAE04", "#000000"}, ["Dallas Texans (AFL)"] = "Dallas Texans", ["Kansas City Chiefs"] = {"#E31837", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#000000", { ["Kansas City Chiefs 1963thru1971"] = {"#E52929", "#FFFFFF", "#E3E01F", "#E3E01F", "#000000"} } }, ["LA Raiders"] = "Los Angeles Raiders", ["Los Angeles Raiders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#A5ACAF", "#A5ACAF", "#000000"}, ["Oakland Raiders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#A5ACAF", "#A5ACAF", "#000000", { ["Oakland Raiders 1960thru1962"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#D8AD0A", "#D8AD0A", "#000000"}, } }, ["Las Vegas Raiders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#C8C7C7", "#C8C7C7", "#000000", { ["Las Vegas Raiders 1960thru1962"] = "Oakland Raiders 1960thru1962", ["Las Vegas Raiders 1982thru1994"] = "Los Angeles Raiders", ["Las Vegas Raiders 1995thru2019"] = "Oakland Raiders" } }, ["San Diego Chargers"] = {"#002A5E", "#FFFFFF", "#FFC20E", "#FFC20E", "#002A5E", { ["San Diego Chargers 1988thru2006"] = {"#162944", "#FFFFFF", "#F1B320", "#F1B320", "#162944"}, ["San Diego Chargers 1974thru1987"] = {"#001170", "#FFFFFF", "#FAA70A", "#FAA70A", "#001170"}, ["San Diego Chargers 1961thru1973"] = {"#4278B8", "#FFFFFF", "#F1D022", "#F1D022", "#000000"}, } }, ["LA Chargers"] = "Los Angeles Chargers", ["Los Angeles Chargers"] = {"#0080C6", "#FFFFFF", "#FFC20E", "#FFC20E", "#000000", { ["Los Angeles Chargers 2017thru2018"] = {"#002A5E", "#FFFFFF", "#FFC20E", "#FFC20E", "#002A5E"}, ["Los Angeles Chargers 1960thru1960"] = {"#4278B8", "#FFFFFF", "#F1D022", "#F1D022", "#000000"} } }, ["Dallas Cowboys"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#B0B7BC", "#B0B7BC", "#002244", { ["Dallas Cowboys 1964thru1980"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#ADD9CE", "#ADD9CE", "#00338D"}, ["Dallas Cowboys 1960thru1963"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#00338D"}, } }, ["NY Giants"] = "New York Giants", ["New York Giants"] = {"#0B2265", "#FFFFFF", "#A71930", "#A71930", "#FFFFFF", { ["New York Giants 1976thru1999"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New York Giants 1961thru1975"] = {"#140F44", "#FFFFFF", "#E62409", "#E62409", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New York Giants 1954thru1960"] = {"#140F44", "#FFFFFF", "#EC250A", "#EC250A", "#000000"}, ["New York Giants 1925thru1953"] = {"#251167", "#FFFFFF", "#EC250A", "#EC250A", "#000000"}, } }, ["Philadelphia Eagles"] = {"#004851", "#FFFFFF", "#A2AAAD", "#A2AAAD", "#000000", { ["Philadelphia Eagles 1943thru1943"] = "Steagles", ["Philadelphia Eagles 1985thru1995"] = {"#076B3B", "#FFFFFF", "#A2AAB6", "#A2AAB6", "#000000"}, ["Philadelphia Eagles 1973thru1984"] = {"#0F7829", "#FFFFFF", "#C3BABB", "#C3BABB", "#000000"}, ["Philadelphia Eagles 1969thru1972"] = {"#025A11", "#FFFFFF", "#025A11", "#FFFFFF", "#025A11"}, ["Philadelphia Eagles 1948thru1968"] = {"#0B6E18", "#FFFFFF", "#0B6E18", "#FFFFFF", "#0B6E18"}, ["Philadelphia Eagles 1944thru1947"] = {"#03843F", "#FFFFFF", "#03843F", "#FFFFFF", "#03843F"}, ["Philadelphia Eagles 1935thru1942"] = {"#03843F", "#FFFFFF", "#03843F", "#FFFFFF", "#03843F"}, ["Philadelphia Eagles 1933thru1934"] = {"#9DBBE1", "#000000", "#F7E749", "#F7E749", "#000000"} } }, ["Boston Braves"] = "Washington Commanders", ["Boston Braves (NFL)"] = "Washington Commanders", ["Boston Redskins"] = "Washington Commanders", ["Washington Commanders"] = {"#5A1414", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#000000", { ["Washington Commanders 1970thru1971"] = {"#D4203D", "#FFFFFF", "#F8CC34", "#F8CC34", "#000000"}, ["Washington Commanders 1965thru1969"] = {"#591A1D", "#FFFFFF", "#BE9D04", "#BE9D04", "#000000"}, ["Washington Commanders 1937thru1964"] = {"#571C1F", "#FFFFFF", "#AD8505", "#AD8505", "#000000"}, ["Washington Commanders 1932thru1936"] = {"#AA293F", "#FFFFFF", "#E5971A", "#E5971A", "#000000"} } }, ["Washington Redskins"] = "Washington Commanders", ["Washington Football Team"] = "Washington Commanders", ["Chicago Bears"] = {"#0B162A", "#FFFFFF", "#E64100", "#E64100", "#000000", { ["Chicago Bears 1920thru1973"] = {"#0D1839", "#FFFFFF", "#F76412", "#F76412", "#0D1839"} } }, ["Chicago Staleys"] = {"#010D58", "#FFFFFF", "#FF3702", "#FF3702", "#010D58"}, ["Decatur Staleys"] = "Chicago Staleys", ["Detroit Lions"] = {"#0076B6", "#FFFFFF", "#B0B7BC", "#B0B7BC", "#000000", { ["Detroit Lions 1948thru1949"] = {"#990000", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#990000"}, ["Detroit Lions 1934thru1947"] = {"#0076B6", "#FFFFFF", "#B0B7BC", "#B0B7BC", "#000000"} } }, ["Green Bay Packers"] = {"#203731", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#000000", { ["Green Bay Packers 1959thru1960"] = {"#063314", "#FFFFFF", "#ECBC1E", "#ECBC1E", "#000000"}, ["Green Bay Packers 1954thru1958"] = {"#053413", "#FFFFFF", "#F5D322", "#F5D322", "#000000"}, ["Green Bay Packers 1950thru1953"] = {"#0B550B", "#FFFFFF", "#F36F10", "#F36F10", "#000000"}, ["Green Bay Packers 1919thru1949"] = {"#13294B", "#FFFFFF", "#A76D11", "#A76D11", "#000000"} } }, ["Minnesota Vikings"] = {"#4F2683", "#FFFFFF", "#FFC62F", "#FFC62F", "#000000", { ["Minnesota Vikings 1960thru2012"] = {"#350D8A", "#FFFFFF", "#FABB2F", "#FABB2F", "#000000"} } }, ["Atlanta Falcons"] = {"#A71930", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", { ["Atlanta Falcons 2020thru2025"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#A71930", "#A71930", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Atlanta Falcons 2003thru2019"] = {"#A71930", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Atlanta Falcons 1990thru2002"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Atlanta Falcons 1971thru1989"] = {"#C60C30", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Atlanta Falcons 1966thru1970"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", "#FFFFFF"} } }, ["Carolina Panthers"] = {"#0085CF", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", { ["Carolina Panthers 1995thru2011"] = {"#4973B0", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, } }, ["New Orleans Saints"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#D3BC8D", "#D3BC8D", "#000000", { ["New Orleans Saints 2002thru2011"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#B09B4C", "#B09B4C", "#000000"}, ["New Orleans Saints 2000thru2001"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#886511", "#886511", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New Orleans Saints 1967thru1999"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#9E7C0C", "#9E7C0C", "#000000"} } }, ["Tampa Bay Buccaneers"] = {"#A71930", "#FFFFFF", "#322F2B", "#322F2B", "#FFFFFF", { ["Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2014thru2019"] = {"#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", "#34302B", "#34302B", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Tampa Bay Buccaneers 1997thru2013"] = {"#A71930", "#FFFFFF", "#5F574F", "#5F574F", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Tampa Bay Buccaneers 1976thru1996"] = {"#FF9933", "#000000", "#CC0000", "#CC0000", "#FFFFFF"}, } }, ["Chicago Cardinals"] = {"#960000", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#960000", { ["Chicago Cardinals 1945thru1946"] = {"#7C2332", "#FFFFFF", "#7C2332", "#FFFFFF", "#7C2332"}, ["Chicago Cardinals 1920thru1943"] = {"#7C2332", "#FFFFFF", "#7C2332", "#FFFFFF", "#7C2332"}, } }, ["St. Louis Cardinals"] = {"#B8102F", "#FFFFFF", "#B8102F", "#FFFFFF", "#B8102F", { ["St. Louis Cardinals 1960thru1969"] = {"#C4033D", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#C4033D"}, } }, ["St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)"] = "St. Louis Cardinals", ["Phoenix Cardinals"] = "Arizona Cardinals 1988thru2004", ["Arizona Cardinals"] = {"#97233F", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#97233F", { ["Arizona Cardinals 1944thru1944"] = "Card-Pitt", ["Arizona Cardinals 1988thru2004"] = {"#B8102F", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#B8102F"}, } }, ["Saint Louis Rams"] = "St. Louis Rams", ["St. Louis Rams"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#B3995D", "#B3995D", "#002244", { ["St. Louis Rams 1995thru1999"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#00338D"}, } }, ["LA Rams"] = "Los Angeles Rams", ["Los Angeles Rams"] = {"#003594", "#FFFFFF", "#FFD100", "#FFD100", "#003594", { ["Los Angeles Rams 2018thru2019"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#00338D"}, ["Los Angeles Rams 2016thru2017"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#B3995D", "#B3995D", "#002244"}, ["Los Angeles Rams 1973thru1994"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#00338D"}, ["Los Angeles Rams 1964thru1972"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#002244"}, ["Los Angeles Rams 1946thru1963"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#00338D"} } }, ["Cleveland Rams"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#00338D", { ["Cleveland Rams 1936thru1937"] = {"#E31837", "#FFFFFF", "#002244", "#002244", "#FFFFFF"} } }, ["San Francisco 49ers"] = {"#AA0000", "#FFFFFF", "#B5925D", "#B5925D", "#000000", { ["San Francisco 49ers 1968thru1995"] = {"#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", "#B5925D", "#B5925D", "#000000"}, ["San Francisco 49ers 1946thru1967"] = {"#DA0020", "#FFFFFF", "#A5ACAF", "#A5ACAF", "#000000"} } }, ["Seattle Seahawks"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#69BE28", "#69BE28", "#002244", { ["Seattle Seahawks 2002thru2011"] = {"#324278", "#FFFFFF", "#62C141", "#62C141", "#0F0E38"}, ["Seattle Seahawks 1976thru2001"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#008542", "#008542", "#FFFFFF"} } }, -- END NFL/AFL teams -- -- START Defunct NFL teams -- ["Akron Indians"] = "Akron Pros", ["Akron Burkhardts"] = "Akron Pros", ["Akron Pros"] = {"#1034A6", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Baltimore Colts (1947–1950)"] = {"#006633", "#FFFFFF", "#A5ACAF", "#A5ACAF", "#006633"}, ["Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)"] = "Brooklyn Dodgers", ["Brooklyn Dodgers"] = {"#00693E", "#FFFFFF", "", "", "", { ["Brooklyn Dodgers 1944thru1944"] = "Brooklyn Tigers", ["Brooklyn Dodgers 1946thru1947"] = "Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC)", ["Brooklyn Dodgers 1948thru1949"] = "Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC) 1948thru1949" } }, ["Brooklyn Tigers"] = {"#DE6108", "#000000", "", "", ""}, ["Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC)"] = {"#FBCC00", "#000000", "", "", "", { ["Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC) 1948thru1949"] = {"#042B78", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""} } }, ["Buffalo All-Stars"] = "Buffalo All-Americans", ["Buffalo Niagaras"] = "Buffalo All-Americans", ["Buffalo Prospects"] = "Buffalo All-Americans", ["Buffalo All-Americans"] = "Buffalo All-Americans", ["Buffalo Bisons"] = "Buffalo All-Americans", ["Buffalo Rangers"] = "Buffalo All-Americans", ["Buffalo All-Americans"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FB4F14", "#FB4F14", "#000000"}, ["Canton Bulldogs"] = {"maroon", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Cincinnati Reds (NFL)"] = "Cincinnati Reds", ["Cincinnati Reds"] = {"#C8102E", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Cleveland Bulldogs"] = {"maroon", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Cleveland Tigers"] = "Cleveland Indians", ["Cleveland Indians"] = {"#CF1020", "#FFFFFF", "", "", "", { ["Cleveland Indians 1923thru1927"] = "Cleveland Bulldogs" } }, ["Columbus Tigers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFBE26", "", ""}, ["Columbus Panhandles"] = {"#7D0008", "#FFFFFF", "#FFBE26", "", ""}, ["St. Mary's Cadets"] = "Dayton Triangles", ["Dayton Gym-Cadets"] = "Dayton Triangles", ["Dayton Triangles"] = {"#00285D", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Detroit Heralds"] = {"#C80815", "", "", "", ""}, ["Detroit Tigers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF7F00", "", ""}, ["Detroit Panthers"] = {"#003b7b", "#FFFFFF", "#ffb612", "", ""}, ["Detroit Wolverines"] = {"#C80815", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Kelley Duluths"] = "Duluth Kelleys", ["Duluth Kelleys"] = {"#C41E3A", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Ernie Nevers' Eskimos"] = "Duluth Eskimos", ["Ernie Nevers Eskimos"] = "Duluth Eskimos", ["Duluth Eskimos"] = {"#00285D", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Frankford Yellowjackets"] = "Frankford Yellow Jackets", ["Frankford Athletic Association"] = "Frankford Yellow Jackets", ["Loyola Athletic Club"] = "Frankford Yellow Jackets", ["Frankford Yellow Jackets"] = {"#0073CF", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#000000"}, ["Hammond Pros"] = {"#3B0160", "#F0BF00", "", "", ""}, ["Milwaukee Badgers"] = {"#F03A16", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Minneapolis Marines"] = {"red", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Waterbury Blues"] = "Hartford Blues", ["Hartford Blues"] = {"blue", "#FFFFFF", "", "", "", { ["Hartford Blues 1927thru1927"] = {"#000000", "orange", "", "", ""} } }, ["Hartford Giants"] = {"#000000", "orange", "", "", ""}, ["Louisville Breckenridges Club"] = "Louisville Brecks", ["Louisville Breckenridges"] = "Louisville Brecks", ["Louisville Colonels"] = "Louisville Brecks", ["Louisville Brecks"] = {"#FFFFFF", "", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Congerville Athletic Club"] = "Muncie Flyers", ["Congerville Third"] = "Muncie Flyers", ["Congerville Flyers"] = "Muncie Flyers", ["Jonesboro Flyers"] = "Muncie Flyers", ["Miami Seahawks"] = {"#DF6108", "#FFFFFF", "#008000", "", ""}, ["Muncie Flyers"] = {"#C41E3A", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["New York Americans"] = "New York Yankees", ["New York Bulldogs"] = {"#5C88DA", "#FFFFFF", "#D0D3D4", "#D0D3D4", "#000000"}, ["New York Yankees (NFL)"] = "New York Yankees", ["New York Yankees"] = {"#C8102E", "#FFFFFF", "#002D72", "#002D72", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New York Yankees (AAFC)"] = {"#041E42", "#FFFFFF", "#9EA2A2", "#9EA2A2", "#041E42"}, ["New York Yankees (AFL)"] = {"#012245", "#C4C8CE", "#CF1020", "", ""}, ["New York Yanks"] = {"#00205B", "#FFFFFF", "#D0D3D4", "#D0D3D4", "#000000"}, ["Orange Athletic Club"] = "Orange Tornadoes", ["Newark Tornadoes"] = "Orange Tornadoes", ["Orange/Newark Tornadoes"] = "Orange Tornadoes", ["Orange-Newark Tornadoes"] = "Orange Tornadoes", ["Newark Bears"] = "Orange Tornadoes", ["Orange Tornadoes"] = {"#f03a16", "#FFFFFF", "navy", "", ""}, ["Orlando Panthers"] = {"#D00", "#FFFFFF", "navy", "", ""}, ["Portsmouth Spartans"] = {"#241773", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#241773", { ["Portsmouth Spartans 1930thru1933"] = "Portsmouth Spartans" } }, ["Pottsville Eleven"] = "Pottsville Maroons", ["Boston Bulldogs"] = "Pottsville Maroons", ["Pottsville Maroons"] = {"#862633", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#000000"}, ["Providence Steam Rollers"] = "Providence Steam Roller", ["Providence Steamroller"] = "Providence Steam Roller", ["Providence Steamrollers"] = "Providence Steam Roller", ["Providence Steam Roller"] = {"#F03A16", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Racine Regulars"] = "Racine Legion", ["Racine Battery C"] = "Racine Legion", ["Horlick-Racine Legion"] = "Racine Legion", ["Horlick/Racine Legion"] = "Racine Legion", ["Racine Tornadoes"] = "Racine Legion", ["Racine Legion/Tornadoes"] = "Racine Legion", ["Racine Legion"] = {"#870619", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Rochester Jeffs"] = "Rochester Jeffersons", ["Rochester Jeffersons"] = {"#CF1020", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Rock Island Independents"] = {"#063", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Batter A Gunners"] = "St. Louis Gunners", ["St. Louis Gunners"] = {"blue", "#FFFFFF", "red", "", ""}, ["Stapleton Football Club"] = "Staten Island Stapletons", ["Stapleton Ex-Service AC"] = "Staten Island Stapletons", ["Stapleton Ex-service AC"] = "Staten Island Stapletons", ["Stapleton Ex-Service Athletic Club"] = "Staten Island Stapletons", ["Stapleton Ex-service Athletic Club"] = "Staten Island Stapletons", ["Staten Island Stapes"] = "Staten Island Stapletons", ["Staten Island Stapletons"] = {"navy", "yellow", "", "", ""}, ["Toledo Athletic Association"] = "Toledo Maroons", ["Toledo Maroons"] = {"maroon", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, -- END Defunct NFL teams -- -- START CFL teams -- ["BC Lions"] = "British Columbia Lions", ["British Columbia Lions"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F15623", "#F15623", "#000000"}, ["Calgary Bronks"] = "Calgary Stampeders", ["Calgary Broncs"] = "Calgary Stampeders", ["Calgary Stampeders"] = {"#CC202C", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CC202C"}, ["Edmonton Eskimos"] = "Edmonton Elks", ["Edmonton Football Team"] = "Edmonton Elks", ["Edmonton Elks"] = {"#2B5134", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB819", "#FFB819", "#000000"}, ["Hamilton Tigers"] = "Hamilton Tiger-Cats", ["Hamilton Tigers (football)"] = "Hamilton Tiger-Cats", ["Hamilton Tiger-Cats"] = {"#231F20", "#FFFFFF", "#FCB525", "#FCB525", "#231F20"}, ["Hamilton Wildcats"] = "Hamilton Flying Wildcats", ["Hamilton Flying Wildcats"] = {"#FF0800", "#FFFFFF", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Montreal Alouettes"] = {"#071D49", "#FFFFFF", "#D70F27", "#D70F27", "#FFFFFF", { ["Montreal Alouettes 1996thru2018"] = {"#921928", "#FFFFFF", "#1C3C71", "#1C3C71", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Montreal Alouettes 1986thru1987"] = {"#BA2637", "#FFFFFF", "#184C79", "#184C79", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Montreal Alouettes 1982thru1985"] = "Montreal Concordes", ["Montreal Alouettes 1974thru1981"] = {"#184C79", "#FFFFFF", "#900028", "#900028", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Montreal Alouettes 1970thru1973"] = {"#455A21", "#FFFFFF", "#C92F4E", "#C92F4E", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Montreal Alouettes 1946thru1969"] = {"#B71319", "#FFFFFF", "#FFFFFF", "#B71319", "#FFFFFF"} } }, ["Montreal Concordes"] = {"#BA2637", "#FFFFFF", "#184C79", "#184C79", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Ottawa Rough Riders"] = "Ottawa Senators", ["Ottawa Roughriders"] = "Ottawa Senators", ["Ottawa Senators (football)"] = "Ottawa Senators", ["Ottawa Senators"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF0000", "#FF0000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Ottawa Renegades"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#C51230", "#808080", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Ottawa Redblacks"] = "Ottawa RedBlacks", ["Ottawa RedBlacks"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#AC1F2D", "#AC1F2D", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Regina Rugby Club"] = "Regina Roughriders", ["Regina Rough Riders"] = "Regina Roughriders", ["Regina Roughriders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#990000", "#990000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Saskatchewan Rough Riders"] = "Saskatchewan Roughriders", ["Saskatchewan Roughriders"] = {"#006241", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#006241", { ["Saskatchewan Roughriders 1910thru1945"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#990000", "#990000", "#FFFFFF"} } }, ["Toronto Argonauts"] = {"#5F8DB5", "#FFFFFF", "#0A2240", "#0A2240", "#FFFFFF", { ["Toronto Argonauts 1996thru2022"] = {"#0A2240", "#FFFFFF", "#5F8DB5", "#5F8DB5", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Toronto Argonauts 1994thru1995"] = {"#0A2240", "#FFFFFF", "#4F868E", "#4F868E", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Toronto Argonauts 1873thru1993"] = {"#0A2240", "#FFFFFF", "#5F8DB5", "#5F8DB5", "#FFFFFF"}, } }, ["Winnipeg Blue Bombers"] = {"#1E3D79", "#FFFFFF", "#BA9459", "#BA9459", "#000000", { ["Winnipeg Blue Bombers 1935thru1959"] = "Winnipeg Winnipegs", ["Winnipeg Blue Bombers 1960thru1970"] = {"#042A5C", "#B4965C", "#BC9658", "#BC9658", "#000000"}, ["Winnipeg Blue Bombers 1971thru1994"] = {"#01296D", "#FFFFFF", "#BC9658", "#BC9658", "#000000"}, ["Winnipeg Blue Bombers 1995thru2015"] = {"#0D254C", "#FFFFFF", "#BC9658", "#BC9658", "#000000"}, } }, ["Winnipeg 'Pegs"] = "Winnipeg Winnipegs", ["Winnipegs"] = "Winnipeg Winnipegs", ["Winnipeg Winnipegs"] = {"#0A0A85", "#FCC200", "#BC9658", "#BC9658", "#000000"}, -- END CFL teams -- -- START Defunct CFL teams -- ["Baltimore CFLers"] = "Baltimore Stallions", ["Baltimore CFLs"] = "Baltimore Stallions", ["Baltimore CFL Colts"] = "Baltimore Stallions", ["Baltimore Football Club"] = "Baltimore Stallions", ["Baltimore Stallions"] = {"#15317E", "#C0C0C0", "", "", ""}, ["Birmingham Barracudas"] = {"#000000", "#00AA9E", "", "", ""}, ["Las Vegas Posse"] = {"#1E1E1E", "#B3995D", "", "", ""}, ["Memphis Mad Dogs"] = {"#004438", "#FCD116", "", "maroon", ""}, ["Miami Manatees"] = {"#000000", "silver", "", "silver", ""}, ["Sacramento Gold Miners"] = {"#004953", "#8C734A", "", "", ""}, ["San Antonio Texans"] = {"#006663", "#8C734A", "", "#800000", ""}, ["Sarnia Imperials"] = {"red", "gold", "", "", "blue"}, ["Shreveport Pirates"] = {"#4B08A1", "#FF5800", "", "", ""}, ["Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers"] = {"#00F", "#CFB53B", "", "", "#00F"}, -- END Defunct CFL teams -- -- START U Sports teams -- ["Acadia Axemen"] = {"#D20D44", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Mount Allison Mounties"] = {"#98002E", "#C4A006", "", "", ""}, ["Saint Francis Xavier X-Men"] = "St. Francis Xavier X-Men", ["St. Francis Xavier X-Men"] = {"#002A5C", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["St. Mary's Huskies"] = "Saint Mary's Huskies", ["Saint Mary's Huskies"] = {"#612141", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Bishop Gaiters"] = "Bishop's Gaiters", ["Bishops Gaiters"] = "Bishop's Gaiters", ["Bishop's University Gaiters"] = "Bishop's Gaiters", ["Bishop's Gaiters"] = {"#4F2D7F", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Concordia Stingers"] = {"#7D303E", "#FDBC4A", "", "#000000", "#C5B358"}, ["Laval Rouge et Or"] = {"#EB1C24", "#D1AA67", "", "", ""}, ["McGill Redmen"] = "McGill Redbirds", ["McGill Redbirds"] = {"#EE2E24", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Montreal Carabins"] = {"#0062AE", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Sherbrooke Vert et Or"] = {"#008358", "#FDC613", "", "", ""}, ["Carleton Ravens"] = {"#000000", "#C03", "", "", ""}, ["Guelph Gryphons"] = {"#E51937", "", "", "", ""}, ["McMaster Marauders"] = {"#7A003C", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Ottawa Garnet and Gray"] = "Ottawa Gee-Gees", ["Ottawa Grenat et Gris"] = "Ottawa Gee-Gees", ["Ottawa Gee-Gees"] = {"#651D32", "#A7A8AA", "", "", ""}, ["Queen's University"] = "Queen's Golden Gaels", ["Queens University"] = "Queen's Golden Gaels", ["Queens University Golden Gaels"] = "Queen's Golden Gaels", ["Queen's University Golden Gaels"] = "Queen's Golden Gaels", ["Queens Golden Gaels"] = "Queen's Golden Gaels", ["Queen's Gaels"] = "Queen's Golden Gaels", ["Queen's Golden Gaels"] = {"#FEBE10", "#00305E", "#003F87", "", ""}, ["Toronto Varsity Blues"] = {"#003063", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Waterloo Warriors"] = {"#000000", "#FFEA3D", "", "", ""}, ["Western Ontario Mustangs "] = "Western Mustangs", ["Western Mustangs"] = {"#4F2683", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Waterloo Lutheran Golden Hawks"] = "Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks", ["Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks"] = {"#3D168B", "#FDD017", "", "", ""}, ["Windsor Lancers"] = {"#0E1E32", "#FFC425", "", "", ""}, ["York Lions"] = {"#E31837", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Alberta Golden Bears"] = {"#007C41", "#FFDB05", "", "", ""}, ["Calgary Dinos"] = {"#E32525", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Manitoba Bisons"] = {"#251A06", "#C5B358", "", "", ""}, ["Regina Rams"] = {"#174835", "#CFB53B", "", "", ""}, ["Saskatchewan Huskies"] = {"#00693E", "", "", "", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Simon Fraser Clan"] = {"#A6192E", "#191970", "", "", "#FFFFFF"}, ["University of British Columbia Thunderbirds"] = "UBC Thunderbirds", ["University of BC Thunderbirds"] = "UBC Thunderbirds", ["UBC Thunderbirds"] = {"#002145", "#E8AF10", "", "", ""}, -- END U Sports teams -- -- START United Football League (2009–12) teams -- ["California Redwoods"] = {"#8CC540", "#FFFFFF", "#0090C5", "#0090C5", ""}, ["Florida Tuskers"] = {"#008FC3", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#242021", ""}, ["Hartford Colonials"] = {"#003D7E", "#FFFFFF", "#A99F63", "#A99F63", ""}, ["Las Vegas Locos"] = "Las Vegas Locomotives", ["Las Vegas Locomotives2009"] = "Las Vegas Locomotives", ["Las Vegas Locomotives"] = {"#A8A9AD", "#FFFFFF", "#0090C5", "#CB092E", ""}, ["NY Sentinals"] = "New York Sentinels", ["NY Sentinels"] = "New York Sentinels", ["New York Sentinels"] = {"#242021", "#FFFFFF", "#8CC540", "#8CC540", ""}, ["Omaha Nighthawks"] = {"#000000", "#A8A9AD", "#A8A9AD", "#37424A", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Sacramento Mountain Lions"] = {"#B08C0A", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#D1C99D", ""}, ["Virginia Destroyers"] = {"#890034", "#CECFD1", "#002A5C", "#CECFD1", "#002A5C"}, -- END United Football League (2009–12) teams -- -- START NFL Europe/World League of American Football teams -- ["Amsterdam Admirals"] = {"#FF7900", "#FFFFFF", "#002244", "#024", "", { ["Amsterdam Admirals 1995thru1999"] = {"#024", "#FFFFFF", "#FF7900", "#FF7900", ""} } }, ["Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe)"] = "Barcelona Dragons", ["Barcelona Dragons"] = {"#024731", "#FFFFFF", "#B71234", "#B71234", ""}, ["Berlin Thunder (NFL Europe)"] = "Berlin Thunder", ["Berlin Thunder"] = {"#B3995D", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Birmingham Fire"] = {"#024", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Cologne Centurions (NFL Europe)"] = "Cologne Centurions", ["Cologne Centurions"] = {"#A71930", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Frankfurt Galaxy (NFL Europe)"] = "Frankfurt Galaxy", ["Frankfurt Galaxy"] = {"#3B0083", "#FFFFFF", "#DD4814", "#DD4814", ""}, ["Hamburg Sea Devils (NFL Europe)"] = "Hamburg Sea Devils", ["Hamburg Sea Devils"] = {"#006778", "#FFFFFF", "#002244", "#002244", ""}, ["London Monarchs"] = {"#DDCD69", "#B71234", "#00338D", "#00338D", "#FFFFFF", { ["London Monarchs 1998thru1998"] = "England Monarchs" } }, ["England Monarchs"] = {"#002664", "#FFFFFF", "#A71930", "#A71930", ""}, ["Rhein Fire (NFL Europe)"] = "Rhein Fire", ["Rhein Fire"] = {"#6E273D", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Scottish Claymores"] = {"#024", "#FFFFFF", "#A5ACAF", "#A5ACAF", "#002244", { ["Scottish Claymores 1995thru1996"] = {"#0039A6", "#FFFFFF", "", "#A5ACAF", "#002244"}, } }, -- END NFL Europe/World League of American Football teams -- -- START European League of Football teams -- ["Barcelona Dragons (ELF)"] = {"#00432B", "#FFFFFF", "#A72126", "#A72126", "#FBDB2E"}, ["Berlin Thunder (ELF)"] = {"#B83B3F", "#FFFFFF", "#DFB573", "#000000", "#FFFFFF", { ["Berlin Thunder 2021thru2024"] = {"#b83b3f", "#DFB573", "#000000", "", ""}, } }, ["Fehérvár Enthroners"] = {"#2f3451", "#FFFFFF", "#f5d713", "#f5d713", "#2f3451"}, ["Helvetic Guards"] = {"#E1011C", "#FFFFFF", "#020516", "#020516", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Helvetic Mercenaries"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E1011C", "#E1011C", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Istanbul Rams"] = "Koç Rams", ["İstanbul Rams"] = "Koç Rams", ["Koc Rams"] = "Koç Rams", ["Koç Rams"] = {"#800000", "#FFFFFF", "#C8C8C8", "#C8C8C8", "#800000"}, ["Leipzig Kings"] = {"#00452B", "#FFFFFF", "#FBB040", "#FBB040", "#00452B"}, ["Madrid Bravos"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CD0202", "#CD0202", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Milano Seamen"] = {"#031935", "#FFFFFF", "#BBFF0A", "#BBFF0A", "#031935"}, ["Munich Ravens"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#29acfa", "#29acfa", "#000000"}, ["Nordic Storm"] = {"#00008B", "#FFFFFF", "#00BFFF", "#00BFFF", "#00008B"}, ["Panthers Wrocław"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#0085CA", "#0085CA", "#000000"}, ["Paris Musketeers"] = {"#002654", "#FFFFFF", "#EE2737", "#EE2737", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Prague Lions"] = {"#002245", "#FFFFFF", "#ff3300", "#ff3300", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Raiders Tirol"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#A5ACAF", "#A5ACAF", "#000000"}, ["Stuttgart Surge"] = {"#003567", "#FFFFFF", "#CBE000", "#CBE000", "#003567"}, ["Vienna Vikings"] = {"#4E2583", "#FFFFFF", "#FFD500", "#FFD500", "#4E2583"}, -- END European League of Football teams -- -- START Alliance of American Football teams -- ["Arizona Hotshots"] = {"#114835", "#FFFFFF", "#FCB42A", "#FCB42A", "#114835"}, ["Atlanta Legends"] = {"#422565", "#FFFFFF", "#C4B888", "#C4B888", "#422565"}, ["Birmingham Iron"] = {"#010101", "#FFFFFF", "#81888E", "#AAAAAA", "#010101"}, ["Memphis Express"] = {"#C03538", "#FFFFFF", "#12233F", "#12233F", ""}, ["Orlando Apollos"] = {"#002147", "#FFFFFF", "#E25D3C", "#E25D3C", ""}, ["Salt Lake Stallions"] = {"#16468E", "#FFFFFF", "#3997CD", "#C4C4CC", ""}, ["San Antonio Commanders"] = {"#681A32", "#FFFFFF", "#D12030", "#D12030", "#C7C7C7"}, ["San Diego Fleet"] = {"#313D49", "#FFFFFF", "#FEC52E", "#A1A9AC", ""}, -- END Alliance of American Football teams -- -- START Arena/Indoor football teams -- ["Alabama Vipers"] = {"#3F9434", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Albany Empire"] = {"#202946", "#FFFFFF", "#FF4500", "#FF4500", ""}, ["Albany Firebirds"] = {"#BA4D00", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "", { ["Albany Firebirds 1990thru1993"] = {"#BA4D00", "", "", "#000000", ""} } }, ["Arizona Rattlers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#00ADA9", "#DAA520", "#000000"}, ["Anaheim Piranhas"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "red", "red", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Atlantic City Blackjacks"] = {"#000014", "#FFFFFF", "#B1171E", "#AA985E", "#000000"}, ["Austin Wranglers"] = {"#081046", "#FFFFFF", "#FF0000", "#FF0000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Baltimore Brigade"] = {"#202946", "#FFFFFF", "#B1B4B0", "#005595", ""}, ["Bossier-Shreveport Battle Wings"] = {"#000000", "#B4B5B9", "#005B56", "#005B56", ""}, ["Buffalo Destroyers"] = "Columbus Destroyers", ["Columbus Destroyers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#BEBEBE", "#BEBEBE", "#00000", { ["Columbus Destroyers 1999thru2018"] = {"#002757", "#FFFFFF", "#FF282C", "#FF282C", ""}, } }, ["Carolina Cobras"] = {"#FF0000", "#FFFFFF", "#B49E4C", "#B49E4C", "#000000"}, ["Charlotte Rage"] = {"#367588", "#FFFFFF", "#9F1D35", "#9F1D35", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago Bruisers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#648FCC", "#648fcc", "#000000"}, ["Chicago Rush"] = {"#00004D", "#FFFFFF", "gray", "gray", "#00004D"}, ["Cincinnati Rockers"] = {"#1E4D2B", "#FFFFFF", "yellow", "yellow", "#1E4D2B"}, ["Cleveland Gladiators"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#EE2D24", "#EE2D24", ""}, ["Columbus Thunderbolts"] = "Cleveland Thunderbolts", ["Cleveland Thunderbolts"] = {"#602F6B", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Colorado Crush"] = {"#00274B", "#C2B280", "#E46F3B", "#EE8800", "#FFFFFF", { ["Colorado Crush 1992thru2007"] = {"#000055", "#C2B280", "#E46F3B", "#EE8800", "#FFFFFF"}, } }, ["Connecticut Coyotes"] = {"#002147", "#FFFFFF", "#FF4F00", "#FF4F00", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Dallas Desperados"] = {"#3448AB", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Dallas Texans (arena football)"] = {"navy", "#FFFFFF", "#B22222", "#B22222", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Dallas Vigilantes"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CD0000", "#CD0000", "#FFFFFF", { ["Dallas Vigilantes 2010thru2010"] = {"#3448AB", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, } }, ["Denver Dynamite (arena football)"] = "Denver Dynamite", ["Denver Dynamite"] = {"#0000B8", "#FFFFFF", "#FFFF00", "#FFFF00", "#0000B8"}, ["Detroit Drive"] = {"#73C2FB", "#FFFFFF", "#FF7F00", "orange", ""}, ["Detroit Fury"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "purple", "purple", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Fishers Freight"] = {"#41748D", "#FFFFFF", "#FBE122", "#FBE122", "#000000"}, ["Florida Bobcats"] = {"#000000", "#ACACAC", "", "#008080", ""}, ["Fort Worth Cavalry"] = {"#1E2460", "#FFFFFF", "#F0A804", "#F0A804", "#1E2460"}, ["Georgia Force"] = {"#0277BD", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Grand Rapids Rampage"] = {"#FC0E0A", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Houston ThunderBears"] = {"#191970", "#FFFFFF", "", "#FF7F00", ""}, ["Indiana Firebirds"] = {"#BA4D00", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Iowa Barnstormers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#EF3D33", "#FFE92B", "#000000"}, ["Jacksonville Sharks"] = {"#D00", "#FFFFFF", "#000", "#000000", ""}, ["Kansas City Command"] = "Kansas City Brigade", ["Kansas City Brigade"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#ADC4EF", "#ADC4EF", "#000000"}, ["Las Vegas Gladiators"] = {"#EE2D24", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Las Vegas Outlaws (arena football)"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#C5B358", "#C5B358", "#000000"}, ["Las Vegas Sting"] = {"#4F2683", "<nowkiki>#</nowiki>FFC62F", "", "", ""}, ["LA Avengers"] = "Los Angeles Avengers", ["Los Angeles Avengers"] = {"#FF003F", "#FFFFFF", "#072D77", "#072D77", ""}, ["LA Buccaneers"] = "Los Angeles Buccaneers", ["Los Angeles Buccaneers"] = {"#f03a16", "", "#000000", "", ""}, ["LA Cobras"] = "Los Angeles Cobras", ["Los Angeles Cobras"] = {"navy", "#FFFFFF", "#DAA520", "#DAA520", "navy"}, ["LA Kiss"] = "Los Angeles Kiss", ["LA KISS"] = "Los Angeles Kiss", ["Los Angeles KISS"] = "Los Angeles Kiss", ["Los Angeles Kiss"] = {"#000000", "#FFEF00", "#E25822", "", ""}, ["Maryland Commandos"] = {"blue", "#FFFFFF", "#FF0000", "red", ""}, ["Massachusetts Marauders"] = {"#800000", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Memphis Pharaohs"] = {"#000000", "yellow", "", "", ""}, ["Miami Hooters"] = {"#FF7F00", "#FFFFFF", "", "#000000", ""}, ["Milwaukee Iron"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F38C23", "", ""}, ["Milwaukee Mustangs (1994–2001)"] = {"#702963", "#FFFFFF", "#40E0D0", "#40E0D0", "#000000"}, ["Milwaukee Mustangs (2009–2012)"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E35205", "#E35205", "#000000"}, ["Minnesota Fighting Pike"] = {"#003431", "#FFFFFF", "#B1946C", "#B1946C", "#003431"}, ["Nashville Kats"] = {"#648fcc", "#FFFFFF", "#0D254C", "#0d254c", ""}, ["New England Sea Wolves"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "purple", ""}, ["New England Steamrollers"] = {"#FF7F00", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["New Orleans Night"] = {"#191970", "#FFFFFF", "#EE8800", "#EE8800", "#191970"}, ["New Orleans Voodoo"] = "New Orleans VooDoo", ["New Orleans VooDoo"] = {"#300863", "#FFFFFF", "#FF2400", "#FF2400", ""}, ["NY CityHawks"] = "New York CityHawks", ["New York CityHawks"] = {"#000000", "#B1946C", "", "purple", ""}, ["NY Dragons"] = "New York Dragons", ["New York Dragons"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "red", "red", "#000000"}, ["NY Knights"] = "New York Knights", ["New York Knights"] = {"#C40233", "#FFFFFF", "#000080", "navy", ""}, ["Oklahoma Wranglers"] = {"maroon", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Oklahoma City Yard Dogs"] = "Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz", ["Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz"] = {"#800000", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Orlando Predators"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#DD2222", "#DD2222", ""}, ["Philadelphia Soul"] = {"#383838", "#FFFFFF", "#33A8CC", "#423732", "#33A8CC", { ["Philadelphia Soul 2004thru2011"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#0099CC", "#0099CC", "#000000"}, } }, ["Pittsburgh Gladiators"] = {"#21441E", "#FFFFFF", "#FFA500", "", ""}, ["Pittsburgh Power"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#FFB612", "#000000"}, ["Portland Forest Dragons"] = {"#000000", "#ACACAC", "", "#008080", ""}, ["Portland Steel"] = {"#000C36", "#FFFFFF", "#C0C0C0", "#C0C0C0", ""}, ["Portland Thunder"] = {"#03338B", "#FFFFFF", "#C52A32", "#C52A32", ""}, ["Sacramento Attack"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#DAA520", ""}, ["San Antonio Force"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#DD0000", "#DD0000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["San Antonio Talons"] = {"#0052A3", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["San Jose Sabercats"] = "San Jose SaberCats", ["San Jose SaberCats"] = {"#03653C", "#FFFFFF", "#FCD085", "#FCD085", "#03653C"}, ["Spokane Shock"] = {"#002E64", "#FFFFFF", "#FF6600", "#FF6600", ""}, ["St. Louis Stampede"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "orange", "orange", "#000000"}, ["Tampa Bay Storm"] = {"#003F87", "#FFFFFF", "#F0A804", "#F0A804", "#003F87", { ["Tampa Bay Storm 1995thru2011"] = {"#012244", "#FFFFFF", "#C9B074", "#C9B074", "#012244"}, ["Tampa Bay Storm 1993thru1994"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#007BA7", "#007BA7", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Tampa Bay Storm 1991thru1992"] = {"#003F87", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Tampa Bay Storm 1987thru1990"] = "Pittsburgh Gladiators" } }, ["Texas Terror"] = {"#32127A", "turquoise", "", "", ""}, ["Tulsa Talons"] = {"#0052A3", "#FFFFFF", "#ED3224", "#ED3224", ""}, ["Toronto Phantoms"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#6188D2", "#6188D2", "#000000"}, ["Utah Blaze"] = {"#F78E1B", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#F78E1B"}, ["Utah Thunder"] = {"#000000", "#E6B43B", "", "", ""}, ["Washington Commandos"] = {"blue", "#FFFFFF", "#FF0000", "red", ""}, ["Washington Valor"] = {"#E31837", "#FFFFFF", "#002B5C", "#002B5C", ""}, ["Beijing Lions"] = {"#D4AF37", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Dalian Dragon Kings"] = {"#00BFFF", "#FFFFFF", "#FFD700", "", ""}, ["Guangzhou Power"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#808080", "", ""}, ["Qingdao Clipper"] = {"#0047AB", "#FFFFFF", "#C41E3A", "", ""}, ["Shanghai Skywalkers"] = {"#007BA7", "#FFFFFF", "#FFD700", "", ""}, ["Shenzhen Naja"] = {"#355E3B", "#FFFFFF", "#E86100", "", ""}, ["Abilene Bombers"] = {"#0C2340", "#FFFFFF", "#78BE20", "#78BE20", "#0C2340"}, ["Abilene Ruff Riders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#BC0203", "", ""}, ["Abilene Warriors"] = {"#5B0E82", "#FFFFFF", "#F9FC0D", "", ""}, ["Alabama Hammers"] = {"#074512", "#FFFFFF", "#ffcc00", "#FFD203", "#074512"}, ["Alabama Outlawz"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#61B329", ""}, ["Alabama Steeldogs"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF7E00", "#FF7E00", ""}, ["Alaska Wild"] = {"#A5001E", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Albany Panthers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "gold", "#690CD9", "#F1ED34"}, ["Allen Wranglers"] = {"#001E44", "#FFFFFF", "silver", "", ""}, ["Amarillo Dusters"] = {"#FFFFFF", "#FF7F00", "", "", ""}, ["Amarillo Venom"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#DC002B", "#DC002B", ""}, ["Anderson Gladiators"] = {"#0C4E32", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Arizona Adrenaline"] = {"#243F84", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Arkansas Diamonds"] = {"#000000", "#5B92E5", "#ACACAC", "", ""}, ["Arkansas Twisters"] = {"#5B92E5", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Arctic Predators"] = {"#551A8B", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#551A8B"}, ["ASI Panthers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#007FFF", "#007FFF", ""}, ["Atlanta Havoc"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#ADFF2F", "#ADFF2F", ""}, ["Atlanta Sharks"] = {"#CC0000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#000000", ""}, ["Atlanta Vultures"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#00ADEF", "", ""}, ["Austin Turfcats"] = {"#0D5A48", "#EEE8AA", "", "", ""}, ["Augusta Stallions"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#ACACAC", ""}, ["Bakersfield Blitz"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "", "#C60C30", "", { ["Bakersfield Blitz 2004thru2007"] = {"#FF7F00", "#FFFFFF", "", "#C60C30", ""}, ["Bakersfield Blitz 2002thru2003"] = {"#002244", "#000000", "", "#B0B7BC", ""} } }, ["Baltimore Mariners"] = {"#00004d", "#c9b074", "", "", ""}, ["Baton Rouge Blaze"] = {"#000080", "#FFFFFF", "#FBEC5D", "#FBEC5D", ""}, ["Oakland Panthers "] = "Bay Area Panthers", ["Bay Area Panthers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#B5985A", "#B5985A", "#000000"}, ["Minnesota Axemen "] = "Bemidji Axemen", ["Bemidji Axemen"] = {"#002A5C", "#FFFFFF", "#E51837", "#E51837", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Billings Outlaws"] = {"#104E8B", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Billings Wolves"] = {"#DD2323", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Bismarck Bucks"] = {"#E55823", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#978060"}, ["Bloomington Edge"] = {"#002C56", "#FFFFFF", "#DE383C", "#DE383C", ""}, ["Bloomington Extreme"] = {"#0D4253", "#FFFFFF", "#DE383C", "", ""}, ["Bluegrass Warhorses"] = {"#d82427", "#FFFFFF", "#0E3386", "#0e3386", ""}, ["Boise Burn"] = {"#FF7F00", "", "", "#B0B7BC", ""}, ["Bricktown Brawlers"] = {"#90191F", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Buffalo Lightning"] = {"#000080", "#FFFFFF", "#FFD203", "#FFD203", ""}, ["Canton Cougars"] = {"#000000", "#E00", "#EE0000", "red", ""}, ["Cape Fear Heroes"] = {"#00009C", "#FFFFFF", "", "red", ""}, ["Carolina Cobras (NAL)"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#B3BABB", "#B3BABB", ""}, ["Carolina Rhinos"] = {"navy", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", ""}, ["Carolina Speed"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#DC143C", "#DC143C", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Cedar Rapids River Kings"] = {"#002340", "#FFFFFF", "#FFC52D", "#008FDE", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Cedar Rapids Titans"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#086DB1", "#2461AA", ""}, ["CenTex Cavalry"] = {"#12175E", "#FFFFFF", "#C32221", "#C32221", ""}, ["Central Florida Jaguars"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CA7A16", "", ""}, ["Central Penn Capitals"] = {"#000060", "#FFFFFF", "#ED1C24", "", ""}, ["Central Valley Coyotes"] = {"#C80815", "#FFFFFF", "gray", "#000000", ""}, ["Charleston Swamp Foxes"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "", "#FFB612", ""}, ["Cheyenne Warriors"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#0000CD", "#0000CD", "#000000"}, ["Chicago Blitz (indoor football)"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F4C431", "#F4C431", "#000000"}, ["Chicago Blitz"] = {"#E00034", "#FFFFFF", "0046AD", "#0046AD", "#FFFFFF", { ["Chicago Blitz 2014thru2018"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F4C431", "#F4C431", "#000000"}, ["Chicago Blitz 1982thru1986"] = {"#E00034", "#000000", "0046AD", "#0046AD", "#FFFFFF"} } }, ["Chicago Eagles"] = {"blue", "#FFFFFF", "red", "", ""}, ["Chicago Knights"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#2461AA", "#2461AA", ""}, ["Chicago Pythons"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#ED9121", "#ED9121", ""}, ["Chicago Slaughter"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#C41230", "#C41230", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Cincinnati Commandos"] = {"#424A25", "#DCDCDC", "#711719", "#711719", ""}, ["Cincinnati Jungle Kats"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Cincinnati Swarm"] = {"navy", "#FFFFFF", "gold", "gold", ""}, ["Cleveland Saints"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#9F8958", "#9F8958", "#000000"}, ["Colorado Ice"] = {"#00204F", "#FFFFFF", "#67AEE2", "#67AEE2", ""}, ["Columbus Lions"] = {"#1560BD", "#FFFFFF", "silver", "#BCBDBF", "#0154A4"}, ["Corpus Christi Fury"] = {"#003162", "#FFFFFF", "#00CD00", "#00CD00", "#003162"}, ["Corpus Christi Hammerheads"] = {"#EE0000", "#FFFFFF", "#003162", "#E00", ""}, ["Corpus Christi Rage"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#D22224", "#D22224", ""}, ["Corpus Christi Sharks"] = {"#73C2FB", "#FFFFFF", "", "#FDB927", ""}, ["Corpus Christi Tritons"] = {"lightblue", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Dallas Marshals"] = {"#0076B6", "#FFFFFF", "#B0B7BC", "#B0B7BC", "", { ["Dallas Marshals 2017thru2017"] = {"#A91E22", "#FFFFFF", "#B49A5E", "#B49A5E", ""} } }, ["Miami Valley Silverbacks"] = "Dayton Sharks", ["Dayton Sharks"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#0073CF", "#029CD5", ""}, ["Dayton Silverbacks"] = {"#03644A", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#ACACAC"}, ["Dayton Wolfpack"] = {"#AF272B", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Daytona Thunder"] = "Daytona Beach ThunderBirds", ["Daytona Beach Thunder"] = "Daytona Beach ThunderBirds", ["Daytona Beach Thunderbirds"] = "Daytona Beach ThunderBirds", ["Daytona Beach ThunderBirds"] = {"#9BDDFF", "#FFFFFF", "", "#FF0000", ""}, ["Detroit Thunder"] = {"purple", "#FFFFFF", "#00FF00", "#00FF00", ""}, ["Dodge City Law"] = {"#000000", "yellow", "#000000", "#333", ""}, ["Duke City Gladiators"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CCCCCC", "gray", "#000000"}, ["Eastern Kentucky Drillers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFD700", "gold", ""}, ["El Paso Generals"] = {"#00004d", "#FFFFFF", "#009A63", "#009A63", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Erie Storm"] = "Erie Explosion", ["Erie Explosion"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFA500", "#FFA500", "#000000"}, ["Pittsburgh RiverRats"] = "Erie RiverRats", ["Pittsburgh Riverrats"] = "Erie RiverRats", ["Erie Riverrats"] = "Erie RiverRats", ["Erie RiverRats"] = {"#003F87", "#CDAD00", "", "", ""}, ["Evansville Rage"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#69359C", "#69359C", ""}, ["Everett Hawks"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "", "#FFB612", ""}, ["Everett Raptors"] = {"#191970", "#CD9B1D", "#EE0000", "#EE0000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Fairbanks Grizzlies"] = {"#2F4189", "#FFFFFF", "#E97619", "#E97619", "#2F4189"}, ["Fayetteville Force"] = "Fayetteville Guard", ["Fayetteville Guard"] = {"#000000", "#567E3A", "", "", ""}, ["Florence Phantoms"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#820BBB", ""}, ["Florida Firecats"] = {"purple", "#FFFFFF", "", "red", ""}, ["Florida Marine Raiders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#63B8FF", ""}, ["Florida Tarpons"] = {"#003F87", "#FFFFFF", "#B22222", "#B22222", ""}, ["Fort Wayne Firehawks"] = "Fort Wayne FireHawks", ["Fort Wayne FireHawks"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#EE0000", "#EE0000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Fort Wayne Fusion"] = {"#AE531A", "#FFFFFF", "", "#3D1671", ""}, ["Frisco Fighters"] = {"#1B355E", "#FFFFFF", "#F36B24", "#79ADD5", "#BBC5C3"}, ["Georgia Doom"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#EE0000", "#EE0000", ""}, ["Georgia Fire"] = {"red", "yellow", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Georgia Firebirds"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CC0000", "#CC0000", ""}, ["Rome Rampage "] = "Georgia Rampage", ["Georgia Rampage"] = {"#E00", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Glens Falls Gladiators"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#EE0000", "#EE0000", ""}, ["Green Bay Blizzard"] = {"#003333", "#FFFFFF", "#C0C0C0", "#FFFFFF", "#003333"}, ["Harrisburg Stampede"] = {"#005AA9", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["High Country Grizzlies"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF6900", "#FF6900", "#000000"}, ["Huntington Hammer"] = {"#0021A5", "#FFFFFF", "#FF4A00", "#FF4A00", ""}, ["Indianapolis Enforcers"] = {"#00008B", "#FFFFFF", "#648FCC", "#648FCC", "#00008B"}, ["Jersey Flight"] = {"#381A6E", "#FFFFFF", "#FDB713", "#FDB713", ""}, ["Johnstown Generals"] = {"#10274c", "#FFFFFF", "#FDBB30", "#FDBB30", ""}, ["Kane County Dogs"] = "Kane County Dawgs", ["Kane County Dawgs"] = {"#B22222", "#FFFFFF", "#DAA520", "#DAA520", ""}, ["Kansas Koyotes"] = {"#0047AB", "#FFFFFF", "", "#ACACAC", ""}, ["Kansas City Phantoms"] = {"#1E3D79", "#FFFFFF", "#c9b074", "#D4AF37", ""}, ["Kansas City Renegades"] = {"#000000", "#f0bf00", "", "#280353", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Kent Predators"] = {"#551A8B", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Kentucky Drillers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFD700", "gold", ""}, ["Kentucky Horsemen"] = {"#0047AB", "#DDD", "", "", ""}, ["Kentucky Extreme"] = "Kentucky Xtreme", ["Kentucky eXtreme"] = "Kentucky Xtreme", ["Kentucky Xtreme"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CE2029", "#CE2029", ""}, ["Knoxville NightHawks"] = {"#1560BD", "#FFFFFF", "#008000", "#008000", ""}, ["La Crosse Spartans"] = {"#324C3F", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Lafayette Roughnecks"] = {"#0047AB", "#FFFFFF", "", "#CFB53B", ""}, ["Lakeland Raiders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#63B8FF", "#63B8FF", ""}, ["Lehigh Valley Steelhawks"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#B8AE33", "#B8AE33", "#000000"}, ["Lincoln Haymakers"] = {"#000080", "#FFFFFF", "", "#E6B426", ""}, ["Louisville Fire"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF0000", "#FF0000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Louisville Xtreme"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CE2029", "#CE2029", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Louisiana Swashbucklers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#9400D3", "#9400D3", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Lubbock Renegades"] = {"#000000", "#007FFF", "", "", ""}, ["Mahoning Valley Thunder"] = {"#0047AB", "#DDD", "", "", ""}, ["Maine Mammoths"] = {"#70001B", "#FFFFFF", "#D1BB8C", "#D1BB8C", ""}, ["Marion Blue Racers"] = {"#081C63", "#FFFFFF", "#F70018", "#F70018", ""}, ["Marion Mayhem"] = {"#00004D", "#FFFFFF", "#177245", "#177245", ""}, ["Orlando Pirates (IFL)"] = "Massachusetts Pirates", ["Orlando Pirates"] = "Massachusetts Pirates", ["Massachusetts Pirates"] = {"#0F2D5B", "#FFFFFF", "#45B0AC", "#45B0AC", ""}, ["Mohegan Wolves"] = "Manchester Wolves", ["Manchester Wolves"] = {"blue", "#FFFFFF", "", "#BCBDBF", ""}, ["Washington Eagles "] = "Maryland Eagles", ["Maryland Eagles"] = {"#CC0000", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Maryland Maniacs"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#C80815", "#C80815", ""}, ["Mesquite Marshals"] = {"#FFFFFF", "darkgreen", "gold", "", ""}, ["Miami Inferno"] = {"#FF7F00", "#FFFFFF", "navy", "", ""}, ["Mid-Missouri Outlaws"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#0101DF", ""}, ["Mississippi Hound Dogs"] = {"#000050", "#DBCEAC", "#6699CC", "#6699CC", ""}, ["Columbus Wardogs"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "", "#C60C30", ""}, ["Missouri Monsters"] = {"#241773", "#FFFFFF", "#9E7C0C", "#000000", ""}, ["Missouri Voodoo"] = {"#241773", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Monterrey Steel"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FBBC2F", "#FBBC2F", "#000000"}, ["Muskegon Thunder"] = {"#5B92E5", "", "", "", ""}, ["Myrtle Beach Freedom"] = {"#0B1136", "#FFFFFF", "#EE1C25", "", ""}, ["Nashville Venom"] = {"#419639", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Nebraska Danger"] = {"#001431", "#FFFFFF", "#4A9A31", "#4A9A31", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New Haven Ninjas"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF4500", "", ""}, ["New Mexico Stars"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#CD0000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New Mexico Wildcats"] = {"silver", "#3A5FCD", "", "", ""}, ["New York Streets"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#ACACAC", "#AAAAAA", "#000000"}, ["Northern Arizona Wranglers"] = {"#166FAB", "#FFFFFF", "#E92330", "#E92330", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Northern Kentucky Nightmare"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#00BFFF", "", ""}, ["Northern Kentucky River Monsters"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#6B8E33", "#789C48", ""}, ["Odessa Roughnecks"] = {"#283A90", "", "#E7CF7B", "", ""}, ["Ogden Knights"] = {"#00B2EE", "", "", "", ""}, ["Oklahoma Defenders"] = {"#000050", "#FFFFFF", "", "#BF311B", ""}, ["Omaha Beef"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF7F00", "#FF7F00", ""}, ["Oregon Lightning"] = {"orange", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "orange"}, ["Owensboro Rage"] = {"#69359C", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Peoria Pirates"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Philadelphia Yellow Jackets"] = {"#008DD2", "#FFFFFF", "#FFE100", "", ""}, ["Port Huron Patriots"] = {"#002147", "#FFFFFF", "#E32636", "#E6333E", "#B2AA7C"}, ["Port Huron Predators"] = {"#B2AA7C", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["Quad City Steamwheelers"] = {"#191970", "#FFFFFF", "#B22222", "#B22222", "#C8263D"}, ["Reading Express"] = {"navy", "#FFFFFF", "silver", "silver", "navy"}, ["Richmond Raiders"] = {"#243D8D", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "silver"}, ["Richmond Revolution"] = {"#232D51", "#FFFFFF", "#CE2A31", "#CE2A31", ""}, ["Richmond Roughriders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "limegreen", "limegreen", ""}, ["Rio Grande Valley Dorados"] = {"#23238E", "#FFFFFF", "", "#C60C30", ""}, ["Rio Grande Valley Sol"] = {"navy", "#FFFFFF", "", "#FF6600", ""}, ["River City Raiders"] = {"purple", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", ""}, ["River City Rage"] = "RiverCity Rage", ["RiverCity Rage"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E4002B", "#E4002B", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Rochester Kings"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "EE0000", "#EE0000", ""}, ["Rochester Raiders"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#ACACAC", "#ACACAC", "#000000"}, ["Saginaw Sting"] = {"#01573D", "#FFFFFF", "#F29024", "#F29024", "#01573D"}, ["Western Pennsylvania Sting"] = "Saginaw Sting", ["Miami Sting"] = {"#21441E", "#FFFFFF", "", "red", ""}, ["Salina Bombers"] = {"#61B329", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Salina Liberty"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#4B92DB", "#4B92DB", "", { ["Salina Liberty 2016thru2017"] = {"#002C56", "#FFFFFF", "#DE383C", "#DE383C", ""}, } }, ["Salt Lake Screaming Eagles"] = {"#002C56", "#FFFFFF", "#DE383C", "#DE383C", "#FFFFFF"}, ["San Angelo Bandits"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#61B329", "#61B329", ""}, ["San Angelo Stampede Express"] = {"#8C1717", "#FFFFFF", "#FFCC11", "#FFCC11", "#8C1717"}, ["San Antonio Gunslingers (indoor football)"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", "#FFFFFF"}, ["San Diego Strike Force"] = {"#747B4F", "#FFFFFF", "#1D1E1E", "#1D1E1E", "#ECAA20", { ["San Diego Strike Force 2018 thru2019"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#086DB1", "#2461AA", ""}, } }, ["Sarasota Thunder"] = {"#FF7900", "#FFFFFF", "#C60C30", "#C60C30", ""}, ["Savannah Steam"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FF0000", "red", ""}, ["Seattle Timberwolves"] = {"#551A8B", "#FFFFFF", "", "#000000", ""}, ["Sioux City Bandits"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E3170D", "#E3170D", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Sioux Falls Storm"] = {"#003162", "#FFFFFF", "#BF311B", "#BE2B1A", "#003162"}, ["South Carolina Force"] = {"#26466D", "#E3170D", "", "", ""}, ["Cape Fear Wildcats"] = "South Georgia Wildcats", ["Southwest Kansas Storm"] = {"#6A0098", "#FFFFFF", "#029DAC", "#029DAC", "#000000"}, ["South Georgia Wildcats"] = {"#084C9E", "#FFFFFF", "", "#000000", ""}, ["Spokane Empire"] = {"#050608", "#FFFFFF", "#F05223", "#F05223", "#000000"}, ["St. Louis Attack"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "teal", "teal", ""}, ["Steel City Menace"] = {"#FB9121", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Stockton Lightning"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#CC1100", ""}, ["Tennessee Valley Vipers"] = {"#000000", "#238E68", "", "", ""}, ["Texas Copperheads"] = {"#388E8E", "", "", "", ""}, ["Texas Revolution"] = {"#0e3386", "#FFFFFF", "#d82427", "#d82427", ""}, ["Trenton Freedom"] = {"#2B378B", "#FFFFFF", "#C51E28", "#C51E28", ""}, ["Tri-Cities Fever"] = {"#06324F", "#FFFFFF", "#C5B358", "#C5B358", "#06324F"}, ["Triangle Torch"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E41937", "#E41937", ""}, ["Tucson Sugar Skulls"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#F0B31A", "#BE202F", ""}, ["Tulsa Oilers"] = {"#383B42", "#FFFFFF", "#FDBE14", "#FDBE14", "#383B42"}, ["Utah Valley Thunder"] = {"#B8860B", "", "", "", ""}, ["Upstate Dragons"] = {"#45B0AC", "#FFFFFF", "", "#000000", ""}, ["Vegas Knight Hawks"] = {"#CE1126", "#FFFFFF", "#B5985A", "#000000", "#B5985A"}, ["Vermont Bucks"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E55823", "#E55823", ""}, ["Washington Wolfpack"] = {"#603787", "#FFFFFF", "#5FA897", "#5FA897", "#000000"}, ["Washington D.C. Armor"] = "D.C. Armor", ["Washington DC Armor"] = "D.C. Armor", ["DC Armor"] = "D.C. Armor", ["D.C. Armor"] = {"#000000", "#DEDEDE", "", "", ""}, ["West Michigan Ironmen"] = {"#790024", "#FFFFFF", "#C5B358", "#C5B358", "#790024"}, ["West Michigan ThunderHawks"] = {"#002244", "#FFFFFF", "#4B92DB", "#4B92DB", ""}, ["West Texas Roughnecks"] = {"#10499C", "#FFFFFF", "#E7CF7B", "#E7CF7B", "#FFFFFF"}, ["West Texas Wildcatters"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "", "#61B329", ""}, ["Wenatchee Valley Venom"] = {"#000000", "#CACACA", "#D01913", "#D01913", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Wichita Force"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FAC419", "#FAC419", ""}, ["Wichita Wild"] = {"#F08512", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#F08512"}, ["Wichita Falls Nighthawks"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFF210", "#FFF210", "#000000", { ["Wichita Falls Nighthawks 2015thru2015"] = {"#333333", "#FFF210", "#000000", "#FFF210", "#000000"}, } }, ["Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers"] = {"#002FA7", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Winston Wildcats"] = {"#560097", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Wisconsin Wolfpack"] = {"#1F2B39", "#FFFFFF", "#C5B358", "#C5B358", "#1F2B39"}, ["Wyoming Cavalry"] = {"#183058", "#FFFFFF", "#C5B358", "#C5B358", "#183058"}, ["York Capitals"] = {"#000060", "#FFFFFF", "", "#ED1C24", ""}, -- END Arena/Indoor football teams -- -- START All American Football League teams -- ["Team Alabama"] = {"#C10001", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Team Arkansas"] = {"#960103", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Team Florida"] = {"#FD4602", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Team Michigan"] = {"#00035E", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Team Tennessee"] = {"#FEB71F", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, ["Team Texas"] = {"#E50000", "#FFFFFF", "", "", ""}, -- END All American Football League teams -- -- START Slovenian National Football League teams -- ["Maribor Generals"] = {"green", "yellow", "", "", ""}, -- END Slovenian National Football League teams -- -- START Fall Experimental Football League teams -- ["Blacktips"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#00FFFF", "", ""}, ["FXFL Blacktips"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#00FFFF", "", ""}, ["Boston Brawlers"] = {"#0d254c", "#FFFFFF", "#C0001D", "#C0001D", ""}, ["Mahoning Valley Brawlers"] = {"#0d254c", "#FFFFFF", "#C0001D", "", ""}, ["Brooklyn Bolts"] = {"#FFB612", "#000000", "#000000", "", ""}, ["Omaha Mammoths"] = {"#FB5B1F", "#FFFFFF", "#002244", "#002244", ""}, ["Hudson Valley Fort"] = {"#89CFF0", "#000000", "#C0C0C0", "", ""}, -- END Fall Experimental Football League teams -- -- START XFL (2001) -- ["XFL (2001)"] = {"#D50A0A", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Birmingham Thunderbolts"] = {"#241773", "#FFFFFF", "#FECB00", "#FECB00", "#241773"}, ["Chicago Enforcers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#241773", "#241773", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Las Vegas Outlaws (XFL)"] = "Las Vegas Outlaws", ["Las Vegas Outlaws"] = {"#9D2235", "#FFFFFF", "#9F8958", "#9F8958", "#000000"}, ["Los Angeles Xtreme"] = {"#041E42", "#FFFFFF", "#9E7C0C", "#9E7C0C", "#000000"}, ["Memphis Maniax"] = {"#006576", "#FFFFFF", "#862633", "#862633", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New York/New Jersey Hitmen"] = {"#00338D", "#FFFFFF", "#A5ACAF", "#A5ACAF", "#000000"}, ["Orlando Rage"] = {"#C60C30", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB612", "#041E42", "#FFFFFF"}, ["San Francisco Demons"] = {"#A71930", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, -- END XFL (2001) -- -- START XFL (2020) -- ["XFL (2022)"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#333333", "#FFFFFF", "#000000"}, ["XFL (2020)"] = {"#02214F", "#FFFFFF", "#C80000", "#C80000", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Arlington Renegades"] = "Dallas Renegades", ["Dallas Renegades"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#69B3E7", "#69B3E7", "#000000"}, ["DC Defenders"] = {"#C8102E", "#FFFFFF", "#A2AAAD", "#FFFFFF", "#C8102E"}, ["Houston Roughnecks"] = {"#0C2340", "#FFFFFF", "#BA0C2F", "#BA0C2F", "#FFFFFF", { ["Houston Roughnecks 2020thru2021"] = {"#CC163F", "#FFFFFF", "#001D49", "#001D49", "#FFFFFF"}, } }, ["Los Angeles Wildcats"] = {"#CC163F", "#FFFFFF", "#F7921E", "#F7921E", "#000000"}, ["New York Guardians"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#A4A3A8", "#A4A3A8", "#000000"}, ["Orlando Guardians"] = {"#1A2B1E", "#FFFFFF", "#9BFF00", "#9BFF00", "#1A2B1E"}, ["San Antonio Brahmas"] = {"#2E363A", "#FFFFFF", "#FCE300", "#FCE300", "#2E363A"}, ["Seattle Sea Dragons"] = {"#00843D", "#FFFFFF", "#DC4405", "#DC4405", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Seattle Dragons"] = {"#005343", "#FFFFFF", "#F25C21", "#F25C21", "#011D49"}, ["St. Louis Battlehawks"] = {"#002677", "#FFFFFF", "#A2AAAD", "#A2AAD", "#002677"}, ["Tampa Bay Vipers"] = {"#037426", "#FFFFFF", "#FBA818", "#FBA818", "#000000"}, ["Vegas Vipers"] = {"#E10600", "#FFFFFF", "#373A36", "#373A36", "#FFFFFF"}, -- END XFL (2020) -- -- START USFL (1980s) -- ["Arizona Wranglers"] = {"#002395", "#FFFFFF", "#FFBC3D", "#FFBC3D", "#002395"}, ["Oklahoma / Arizona Outlaws"] = "Arizona Outlaws", ["Oklahoma Outlaws"] = "Arizona Outlaws", ["Arizona Outlaws"] = {"#1E1E1E", "#FFFFFF", "#D52B1E", "#D52B1E", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Birmingham Stallions"] = {"#A32035", "#FFFFFF", "#C6B784", "#C6B784", "#000000"}, ["Boston Breakers"] = {"#0046AD", "#FFFFFF", "#0088CE", "#0088CE", "#0046AD"}, ["Denver Gold"] = {"#1E1E1E", "#FFFFFF", "#D7A900", "#D7A900", "#1E1E1E", { ["Denver Gold 1983thru1984"] = {"#1E1E1E", "#FFFFFF", "#95774D", "#95774D", "#1E1E1E"}, } }, ["Houston Gamblers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#EA0029", "#EA0029", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Jacksonville Bulls"] = {"#662046", "#FFFFFF", "#F74024", "#F74024", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Los Angeles Express (USFL)"] = "Los Angeles Express", ["Los Angeles Express"] = {"#002147", "#FFFFFF", "#85888B", "#85888B", "#002147"}, ["Memphis Showboats (1984)"] = "Memphis Showboats", ["Memphis Showboats"] = {"#D0103A", "#FFFFFF", "#85888B", "#85888B", "#D0103A", { ["Memphis Showboats 1984thru1985"] = {"#D0103A", "#FFFFFF", "#85888B", "#85888B", "#D0103A"}, ["Memphis Showboats 2022thru2025"] = {"#12284C", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB71B", "#FFB71B", "#12284C"}, } }, ["Michigan Panthers"] = {"#702E3E", "#FFFFFF", "#B2A77E", "#B2A77E", "#000000"}, ["New Jersey Generals"] = {"#B71234", "#FFFFFF", "#FFFFFF", "#B71234", "#FFFFFF", { ["New Jersey Generals 1983thru1985"] = {"#B71234", "#FFFFFF", "#FFFFFF", "#B71234", "#FFFFFF"}, ["New Jersey Generals 2022thru2023"] = {"#C10230", "#FFFFFF", "#011D49", "#011D49", "#000000"}, } }, ["Oakland Invaders"] = {"#0073CF", "#FFFFFF", "#FFBC3D", "#FFBC3D", "#0073CF"}, ["Orlando Renegades"] = {"navy", "#FFFFFF", "#D52B1E", "#D52B1E", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Philadelphia / Baltimore Stars"] = {"#DC143C", "#FFFFFF", "#CFB53B", "#CFB53B", "#000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Maulers (1984)"] = {"#1E1656", "#FFFFFF", "#F7403A", "#F7403A", "#1E1656"}, ["Portland Breakers"] = {"#0046AD", "#FFFFFF", "#0088CE", "#0088CE", "#0046AD"}, ["San Antonio Gunslingers (USFL)"] = "San Antonio Gunslingers", ["San Antonio Gunslingers"] = {"#0046AD", "#FFFFFF", "#00AF3F", "#00AF3F", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Washington Federals"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#009B48", "#009B48", "#000000"}, -- END USFL (1980s) -- -- START USFL (2022) -- ["USFL (2022)"] = {"#002D74", "#FFFFFF", "#CE0E2D", "#CE0E2D", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Birmingham Stallions (2022)"] = "Birmingham Stallions", ["Columbus Aviators"] = {"#0C2340", "#FFFFFF", "#E4002B", "#E4002B", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Houston Gamblers (UFL)"] = "Houston Gamblers", ["Louisville Kings"] = {"#183029", "#FFFFFF", "#44D62C", "#44D62C", "#183029"}, ["Memphis Showboats (2022)"] = {"#12284C", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB71B", "#FFB71B", "#12284C"}, ["Michigan Panthers (2022)"] = "Michigan Panthers", ["New Jersey Generals (2022)"] = {"#C10230", "#FFFFFF", "#011D49", "#011D49", "#000000"}, ["New Orleans Breakers (2022)"] = "New Orleans Breakers", ["New Orleans Breakers"] = {"#003595", "#FFFFFF", "#4197CB", "#4197CB", "#003595"}, ["Orlando Storm"] = {"#753BBD", "#FFFFFF", "#FE5000", "#FE5000", "#753BBD"}, ["Philadelphia Stars (2022)"] = "Philadelphia Stars", ["Philadelphia Stars"] = {"#C10230", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB71B", "#FFB71B", "#000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Maulers (2022)"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB71B", "#FFB71B", "#000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Maulers"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#FFB71B", "#FFB71B", "#000000", { ["Pittsburgh Maulers 2020thru2022"] = {"#31006F", "#FFFFFF", "#FF4D00", "#FF4D00", "#31006F"}, ["Pittsburgh Maulers 1984thru1985"] = {"#1E1656", "#FFFFFF", "#F7403A", "#F7403A", "#1E1656"}, } }, ["Tampa Bay Bandits"] = {"#C10230", "#FFFFFF", "#000000", "#000000", "#FFFFFF"}, -- END USFL (2022) -- -- START Fan Controlled Football -- ["8oki"] = {"#058ad1", "#f7f902", "#080300", "#FFFFFF", ""}, ["FCF (Beasts)"] = "Beasts", ["Beasts"] = {"#d8fd00", "#54daa8", "", "", ""}, ["Bored Ape FC"] = {"#b57018", "#0b0a09", "#bdc4bd", "#00e1e8", "#FFFFFF"}, ["FCF (Glacier Boyz)"] = "Glacier Boyz", ["Glacier Boyz"] = {"#57b7ce", "#db1319", "", "", ""}, ["Kingpins"] = {"#de4433", "#5fb44d", "#ffd009", "#fd951f", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Knights of Degen"] = {"#05245b", "#ed4e16", "#cbdbda", "#11090b", "#FFFFFF"}, ["Shoulda Been Stars"] = {"#ef375a", "#441c9c", "#1cc3fb", "#FFFFFF", ""}, ["FCF (Wild Aces)"] = "Wild Aces", ["Wild Aces"] = {"#3ec3f2", "#ea4b93", "#463194", "#040405", "#FFFFFF"}, ["FCF (Zappers)"] = "Zappers", ["Zappers"] = {"#ee5a00", "#fffe00", "", "", ""}, -- END Fan Controlled Football -- -- START LFA teams ["Artilleros de Puebla"] = {"#F15A29", "#FFFFFF", "#003C7E", "003C7E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Caudillos de Chihuahua"] = {"#05263D", "#FFFFFF", "#DCBC6F"}, ["Dinos de Saltillo"] = {"#612C87", "#FFFFFF", "#33CBCC", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Fundidores de Monterrey"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#E1B104", "E1B104", "000000"}, ["Galgos de Tijuana"] = {"#000106", "#FFFFFF", "#DA4036", "DA4036", "FFFFFF"}, ["Gallos Negros de Querétaro"] = {"#000000", "#FFFFFF", "#818A91", "1B57A3", "FFFFFF"}, ["Mexicas de la Ciudad de México"] = {"#DF040B", "#FFFFFF", "#1F140F", "1F140F", "FFFFFF"}, ["Osos de Monterrey"] = {"#FF4000", "#FFFFFF", "#000000"}, ["Osos de Toluca"] = {"#002342", "#FFFFFF", "#BDBDBF", "25AAE1", "FFFFFF"}, ["Raptors de Naucalpan"] = {"#154734", "#FFFFFF", "#FBE122", "FBE122", "154734"}, ["Reyes de Jalisco"] = {"#014791", "#FFFFFF", "#FCD203", "FCD203", "014791"}, -- END LFA teams ["#Low_contrast_test"] = {"#B800FF", "#747474", "none", "#747474", "#B800FF"}, ["#default"] = {"#DCDCDC", "none", "#000000", "#ACACAC", "#000000"} } 0of9e4fd1p6npfwxl61555p1oeq0og6 828 51191 306036 2026-08-27T14:02:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module implements {{Old move}}. local p = {} local messageBox = require('Module:Message box') local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local dateModule = require('Module:Date')._Date local listModule = require('Module:List').horizontal -- Create variable used in other functions local pageType if (mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespace(1)) then pageType = "article" else pageType = "page" end -- Build the HTML for collapsing lists local function makeCollapsible(list, tex... 306036 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{Old move}}. local p = {} local messageBox = require('Module:Message box') local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local dateModule = require('Module:Date')._Date local listModule = require('Module:List').horizontal -- Create variable used in other functions local pageType if (mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespace(1)) then pageType = "article" else pageType = "page" end -- Build the HTML for collapsing lists local function makeCollapsible(list, text) local box = mw.html.create("div") box :addClass("mw-collapsible mw-collapsed") :css('padding', '0.5em 0 0') :tag('div'):css('font-weight', 'bold'):wikitext(text):done() :tag("div"):addClass('mw-collapsible-content'):wikitext(mw.ustring.format("\n%s", list)) return box end local function singleText(args) local date = args["date"] or args["date1"] or "" local from = args["from"] or args["from1"] or "" local to = args["destination"] or args["destination1"] or args["to1"] or args["to"] or "" local result = args["result"] or args["result1"] or "" local link = args["link"] or args["link1"] or "" local dateformat = args["dateformat"] or "dmy" local text = "" if (date ~= "") then if dateModule(date) then date = dateModule(date):text(dateformat) end text = mw.ustring.format("On %s, it was proposed that this %s be [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|moved]]", date, pageType) else text = mw.ustring.format("It has previously been proposed that this %s be [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|moved]]", pageType) end if (from ~= "") then text = mw.ustring.format("%s from [%s %s]", text, tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {redirect = "no"} )), from) end if (to ~= "") then text = mw.ustring.format("%s to [[%s]]", text, to) end text = mw.ustring.format("%s.", text) if (result ~= "") then if (link ~= "") then text = mw.ustring.format("%s The result of [[%s|the discussion]] was '''%s'''.", text, link, result) else text = mw.ustring.format("%s The result of the discussion was '''%s'''.", text, result) end elseif (link ~= "") then text = mw.ustring.format("%s See [[%s|discussion]].", text, link) end return text end local function row(args, i) local date = args["date" .. i] or "" local from = args["from" .. i] or "" local dateformat = args["dateformat"] or "dmy" local to = args["destination" .. i] or args["to" .. i] or "" local result = mw.language.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(args["result" .. i]) or "" local link = args["link" .. i] or "" local rowText = mw.ustring.format("\n*'''%s'''", result) if (date ~= "") then if dateModule(date) then date = dateModule(date):text(dateformat) end rowText = mw.ustring.format("%s, %s", rowText, date) end if (from ~= "") then rowText = mw.ustring.format("%s, from [%s %s]", rowText, tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {redirect = "no"} )), from) if (to ~= "") then rowText = mw.ustring.format("%s to [[%s]]", rowText, to) end elseif (to ~= "") then rowText = mw.ustring.format("%s, to [[%s]]", rowText, to) end if (link ~= "") then rowText = mw.ustring.format("%s, see [[%s|discussion]]", rowText, link) end rowText = rowText .. "." return rowText end local function list(args) local text = "" if (args["result1"]) then -- Support to1 and to in case of multiple rows text = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", text, row(args, 1)) else text = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", text, row(args, "")) end local i = 2 while (args["result" .. i]) do text = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", text, row(args, i)) i = i + 1 -- Check if to(i+1) exist end return text end local function manualList(args) local manualListText = "" if (args["list"] or args[1]) then if (args["result"] or args["result1"]) then manualListText = mw.ustring.format("%s\n'''Other discussions '''\n%s", manualListText, args["list"] or args[1]) else manualListText = mw.ustring.format("%s\n%s", manualListText, args["list"] or args[1]) end end if (args["oldlist"]) then if (yesno(args["collapse"]) or yesno(args["collapsed"])) then manualListText = mw.ustring.format("%s\n'''Older discussions '''\n%s", manualListText, tostring(args["oldlist"])) else manualListText = mw.ustring.format("%s\n%s", manualListText, tostring(makeCollapsible(args["oldlist"], "Older discussions"))) end end return manualListText end local function showLogs(args) local logList, i = {}, 1 while (args["title" .. i]) do local query = mw.uri.buildQueryString({ ["page"] = args["title" .. i], ["type"] = "move" }) if (i == 1) then -- Hacky way to make the hlist go after "move logs" table.insert(logList, mw.ustring.format("\n'''Move logs: '''[%s %s]", tostring(mw.uri.canonicalUrl("Special:Log", query)), args["title" .. i])) else table.insert(logList, mw.ustring.format("[%s %s]", tostring(mw.uri.canonicalUrl("Special:Log", query)), args["title" .. i])) end i = i + 1 end logList["style"] = "padding-top: 0.5em;" return listModule(logList) end local function evaluate(args) local text = "" local is_collapsed = yesno(args["collapse"]) or yesno(args["collapsed"]) local has_log_args = args["title"] or args["title1"] local has_manual_list = args["list"] or args[1] or args["oldlist"] local has_multiple_rows = args["result1"] if (has_log_args) then text = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", text, showLogs(args)) end if (not is_collapsed or has_log_args) then -- if the template is collapsed and there are no log arguments, -- then we already have "Discussions" in bold text in bannerText(), -- so we don't need to repeat it here text = mw.ustring.format("%s\n'''Discussions '''\n", text) end -- This makes sure we don't show the single version when there's a log or manual list if (args["result"]) then if (has_log_args or has_manual_list or args["result2"]) then text = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", text, list(args)) else text = singleText(args) end end if (has_multiple_rows) then text = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", text, list(args)) end if (has_manual_list) then text = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", text, manualList(args)) if (args[1]) then text = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", text, "[[Category:Talk pages listing old moves with the first unnamed parameter]]") end end if (not args["result"] and not has_multiple_rows and not has_manual_list and not has_log_args) then return "" end return text end local function bannerText(args) local blurb = mw.ustring.format("This %s has previously been nominated to be moved." .. " Please review prior discussions if you are considering renomination.", pageType) local list = "" if (yesno(args["collapse"]) or yesno(args["collapsed"])) then if (args["title"] or args["title1"]) then list = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", blurb, tostring(makeCollapsible(evaluate(args), "Logs and discussions"))) else list = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", blurb, tostring(makeCollapsible(evaluate(args), "Discussions"))) end else list = evaluate(args) if (mw.ustring.find(list, "proposed that this") == nil) then list = mw.ustring.format("%s%s", blurb, evaluate(args)) end end return list end local function renderBanner(args) return messageBox.main('tmbox', { small = yesno(args["small"]), type = 'move', text = bannerText(args) }) end function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame) return renderBanner(args) end return p e2xxghz8gdiorwlu1reusnv8wqxh4kr 10 51192 306037 2026-08-27T14:03:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#if: {{{1|{{{id|}}}}}} | {{#if: {{{2|{{{title|{{{name|}}}}}}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite encyclopedia |_exclude=type,id,links |_alias-map=2:entry,3:access-date,4:date,title:entry,name:entry,entrydate:date,entry-date:date |entry-url={{GNIS URL|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|type={{{type|}}}}} |encyclopedia={{#ifeq:{{{links|}}}|off | Geographic Names Information System | [[Geographic Names Information System]]}}... 306037 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if: {{{1|{{{id|}}}}}} | {{#if: {{{2|{{{title|{{{name|}}}}}}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite encyclopedia |_exclude=type,id,links |_alias-map=2:entry,3:access-date,4:date,title:entry,name:entry,entrydate:date,entry-date:date |entry-url={{GNIS URL|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|type={{{type|}}}}} |encyclopedia={{#ifeq:{{{links|}}}|off | Geographic Names Information System | [[Geographic Names Information System]]}} |publisher={{#ifeq:{{{links|}}}|off | United States Geological Survey | [[United States Geological Survey]], [[United States Department of the Interior]]}} }} | {{Citation error|no {{para|name}} specified|cite gnis|nocat={{main other||true}}}} }} | {{Citation error|no {{para|id}} specified|cite gnis|nocat={{main other||true}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> kfakhw7axnjexqzb57mu8upql2o5va5 828 51193 306038 2026-08-27T14:03:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: return { -- Major League Baseball -- ["American League"] = {"BF0D3E", "FFFFFF", "041E42", "FFFFFF"}, ["Arizona Diamondbacks"] = {"AA182C", "FFFFFF", "3EC1CC", "000000"}, ["Arizona Diamondbacks 2007thru2023"] = {"A71930", "FFFFFF", "E3D4AD", "000000"}, ["Arizona Diamondbacks 1998thru2006"] = {"5F249F", "FFFFFF", "005F61", "FFFFFF"}, ["Athletics"] = {"003831", "FFFFFF", "EFB21E", "003831"}, ["Oakland Athletics"] = "Athletics", ["Oakland Athletics 1968thru1981"] = {"00843D",... 306038 Scribunto text/plain return { -- Major League Baseball -- ["American League"] = {"BF0D3E", "FFFFFF", "041E42", "FFFFFF"}, ["Arizona Diamondbacks"] = {"AA182C", "FFFFFF", "3EC1CC", "000000"}, ["Arizona Diamondbacks 2007thru2023"] = {"A71930", "FFFFFF", "E3D4AD", "000000"}, ["Arizona Diamondbacks 1998thru2006"] = {"5F249F", "FFFFFF", "005F61", "FFFFFF"}, ["Athletics"] = {"003831", "FFFFFF", "EFB21E", "003831"}, ["Oakland Athletics"] = "Athletics", ["Oakland Athletics 1968thru1981"] = {"00843D", "FFFFFF", "FFCD00", "000000"}, ["Kansas City Athletics"] = "Kansas City Athletics 1963thru1967", ["Kansas City Athletics 1963thru1967"] = {"00843D", "FFFFFF", "FFCD00", "000000"}, ["Kansas City Athletics 1955thru1962"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Philadelphia Athletics"] = "Philadelphia Athletics 1954thru1954", ["Philadelphia Athletics 1954thru1954"] = {"0033A0", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Philadelphia Athletics 1951thru1953"] = {"041E42", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "041E42"}, ["Philadelphia Athletics 1950thru1950"] = {"0033A0", "FFFFFF", "FFCD00", "0033A0"}, ["Philadelphia Athletics 1929thru1949"] = {"0033A0", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "0033A0"}, ["Philadelphia Athletics 1922thru1928"] = {"00205B", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "00205B"}, ["Philadelphia Athletics 1903thru1921"] = {"041E42", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "041E42"}, ["Atlanta Braves"] = {"13274F", "FFFFFF", "CE1141", "FFFFFF"}, ["Atlanta Braves 1981thru1986"] = {"0033A0", "FFFFFF", "D50032", "FFFFFF"}, ["Atlanta Braves 1972thru1980"] = {"CE1141", "FFFFFF", "003087", "FFFFFF"}, ["Atlanta Braves 1966thru1971"] = "Milwaukee Braves", ["Milwaukee Braves"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Braves"] = "Boston Braves 1941thru1952", ["Boston Braves 1941thru1952"] = {"E4002B", "FFFFFF", "0C2340", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Bees 1939thru1940"] = {"E4002B", "FFFFFF", "002D72", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Bees 1936thru1938"] = {"002D72", "FFFFFF", "FFC72C", "002D72"}, ["Boston Braves 1929thru1935"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Braves 1903thru1928"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "002340", "FFFFFF"}, ["Baltimore Orioles"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "DF4601", "000000"}, ["Baltimore Orioles 1882thru1899"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "ffa500", "000000"}, ["Baltimore Orioles 1954thru1965"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FF671F", "000000"}, ["Baltimore Orioles 1902"] = {"160A68", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "160A68"}, ["Baltimore Orioles 1901"] = {"000000", "EBA552", "EBA552", "000000"}, ["St. Louis Browns"] = {"5D2A2C", "FFFFFF", "DC4405", "000000"}, ["Milwaukee Brewers 1901"] = {"002144", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "002144"}, ["Boston Red Sox"] = {"BD3039", "FFFFFF", "0D2B56", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Red Sox 2009thru2013"] = {"0D2B56", "FFFFFF", "BD3039", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Red Sox 1979thru2008"] = {"BD3039", "FFFFFF", "0D2B56", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Red Sox 1975thru1978"] = {"BD3039", "FFFFFF", "192C55", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Red Sox 1932thru1974"] = {"0D2B56", "FFFFFF", "BD3039", "FFFFFF"}, ["Boston Red Sox 1908thru1931"] = {"BD3039", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "BD3039"}, ["Boston Americans"] = {"00205B", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "00205B"}, ["Chicago Cubs"] = {"0E3386", "FFFFFF", "CC3433", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago Cubs 1930thru1936"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "CC3433", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago Cubs 1911thru1929"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "0C2340"}, ["Chicago Cubs 1903thru1910"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["Chicago White Sox"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "C4CED4", "000000"}, ["Chicago White Sox 1987thru1990"] = {"00205B", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago White Sox 1976thru1986"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago White Sox 1969thru1975"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago White Sox 1964thru1968"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago White Sox 1951thru1963"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago White Sox 1949thru1950"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["Chicago White Sox 1930thru1948"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago White Sox 1903thru1929"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "0C2340"}, ["Cincinnati Reds"] = {"C6011F", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cincinnati Reds 1968thru1998"] = {"CC0000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "CC0000"}, ["Cincinnati Reds 1961thru1967"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "0C2340", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cincinnati Reds 1956thru1960"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "C8102E"}, ["Cincinnati Reds 1937thru1955"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "0C2340", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cincinnati Reds 1931thru1936"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "000088", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cincinnati Reds 1903thru1930"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "C8102E"}, ["Cleveland Guardians"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "E31937", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cleveland Indians"] = "Cleveland Guardians", ["Cleveland Indians 1986thru2021"] = "Cleveland Guardians", ["Cleveland Indians 1973thru1985"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFFF", "BA0C2F", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cleveland Indians 1933thru1972"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cleveland Indians 1915thru1932"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "002B5C"}, ["Cleveland Naps 1910thru1914"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "002B5C"}, ["Cleveland Naps 1906thru1909"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["Cleveland Naps 1905thru1905"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "002B5C"}, ["Cleveland Naps 1903thru1904"] = {"E31937", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "E31937"}, ["Colorado Rockies"] = {"33006F", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Colorado Rockies 1993thru2016"] = {"2C3588", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Detroit Tigers"] = {"0C2C56", "FFFFFF", "FF6600", "0C2C56"}, ["Houston Astros"] = {"002D62", "FFFFFF", "EB6E1F", "000000"}, ["Houston Astros 2000thru2012"] = {"9A332A", "FFFFFF", "D3BC8D", "000000"}, ["Houston Astros 1994thru1999"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "BA9765", "0C2340"}, ["Houston Astros 1965thru1993"] = {"041E42", "FFFFFF", "FA4616", "041E42"}, ["Houston Colt .45's"] = "Houston Astros 1965thru1993", ["Kansas City Royals"] = {"0031A7", "FFFFFF", "BA9863", "000000"}, ["Kansas City Royals 2002thru2025"] = {"004687", "FFFFFF", "C09A5B", "000000"}, ["Kansas City Royals 1993thru2001"] = {"001489", "FFFFFF", "C09A58", "000000"}, ["Kansas City Royals 1969thru1992"] = {"001489", "FFFFFF", "F7A11A", "001489"}, ["Los Angeles Angels"] = {"BA0021", "FFFFFF", "003263", "FFFFFF"}, ["Anaheim Angels"] = "Los Angeles Angels", ["Anaheim Angels 2002thru2004"] = "Los Angeles Angels", ["Anaheim Angels 1997thru2001"] = {"13294A", "FFFFFF", "DA291C", "FFFFFF"}, ["California Angels"] = {"041C2C", "FFFFFF", "BF0D3E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Los Angeles Angels 1961thru1965"] = "California Angels", ["Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim"] = "Los Angeles Angels", ["Los Angeles Dodgers"] = {"005A9C", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "005A9C"}, ["Los Angeles Dodgers 1958thru1971"] = {"00539B", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "00539B"}, ["Brooklyn Dodgers"] = "Brooklyn Dodgers 1938thru1957", ["Brooklyn Dodgers 1938thru1957"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "003087"}, ["Brooklyn Dodgers 1937thru1937"] = {"00843D", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "00843D"}, ["Brooklyn Dodgers 1932thru1936"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "003087"}, ["Brooklyn Robins 1931thru1931"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "003087"}, ["Brooklyn Robins 1929thru1930"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Brooklyn Robins 1911thru1928"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "003087"}, ["Brooklyn Superbas"] = {"002D72", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "002D72"}, ["Miami Marlins"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "00A3E0", "000000"}, ["Miami Marlins 2012thru2018"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FF6600", "000000"}, ["Florida Marlins"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "009CA6", "000000"}, ["Milwaukee Brewers"] = {"12284B", "FFFFFF", "FFC52F", "12284B"}, ["Milwaukee Brewers 2018thru2019"] = {"001850", "FFFFFF", "B99764", "001850"}, ["Milwaukee Brewers 2000thru2017"] = {"0A2351", "FFFFFF", "B6922E", "0A2351"}, ["Milwaukee Brewers 1994thru1999"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "B6922E", "0C2340"}, ["Milwaukee Brewers 1978thru1993"] = {"003DA5", "FFFFFF", "FED141", "003DA5"}, ["Milwaukee Brewers 1970thru1977"] = {"012169", "FFFFFF", "FED141", "012169"}, ["Seattle Pilots"] = {"012169", "FFFFFF", "FED141", "012169"}, ["Minnesota Twins"] = {"091F40", "FFFFFF", "E31E34", "FFFFFF"}, ["Minnesota Twins 1994thru2021"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "D31145", "FFFFFF"}, ["Minnesota Twins 1987thru1993"] = {"00263A", "FFFFFF", "D31145", "FFFFFF"}, ["Minnesota Twins 1976thru1986"] = {"D50032", "FFFFFF", "00263A", "FFFFFF"}, ["Minnesota Twins 1972thru1975"] = {"00263A", "FFFFFF", "D50032", "FFFFFF"}, ["Minnesota Twins 1961thru1971"] = {"00263A", "FFFFFF", "D31145", "FFFFFF"}, ["Washington Senators"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "D31145", "FFFFFF"}, ["National League"] = {"041E42", "FFFFFF", "BF0D3E", "FFFFFF"}, ["New York Mets"] = {"002D72", "FFFFFF", "FF5910", "000000"}, ["New York Mets 1962thru1992"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "FF671F", "000000"}, ["New York Yankees"] = {"132448", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "132448"}, ["New York Yankees 1913thru1914"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["New York Highlanders 1911thru1912"] = {"132448", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "132448"}, ["New York Highlanders 1909thru1910"] = {"132448", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["New York Highlanders 1903thru1908"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies"] = {"E81828", "FFFFFF", "003278", "FFFFFF"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies 1975thru1991"] = {"860038", "FFFFFF", "6CADDF", "000000"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies 1950thru1974"] = {"E81828", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "E81828"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies 1946thru1949"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "00205B", "FFFFFF"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies 1939thru1945"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "0C2340"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies 1938thru1938"] = {"00205B", "FFFFFF", "FFC72C", "00205B"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies 1934thru1937"] = {"00205B", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Philadelphia Phlllies 1911thru1933"] = {"E81828", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "E81828"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies 1910thru1910"] = {"006747", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "006747"}, ["Philadelphia Phillies 1903thru1909"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Pirates"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FDB827", "000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Pirates 1971thru1976"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "B58500", "000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Pirates 1948thru1970"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FDB827", "000000"}, ["Pittsburgh Pirates 1947thru1947"] = {"041E42", "FFFFFF", "E31837", "FFFFFF"}, ["Pittsburgh Pirates 1903thru1946"] = {"003E7E", "FFFFFF", "E31837", "FFFFFF"}, ["San Diego Padres"] = {"2F241D", "FFFFFF", "FFC425", "2F241D"}, ["San Diego Padres 2017thru2019"] = {"002D62", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "002D62"}, ["San Diego Padres 2016thru2016"] = {"002D62", "FFFFFF", "FEC325", "002D62"}, ["San Diego Padres 2012thru2015"] = {"05143F", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "05143F"}, ["San Diego Padres 2004thru2011"] = {"05143F", "FFFFFF", "D0AD7F", "05143F"}, ["San Diego Padres 1991thru2003"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "E35205", "000000"}, ["San Diego Padres 1985thru1990"] = {"3F2021", "FFFFFF", "E35205", "000000"}, ["San Diego Padres 1969thru1984"] = {"693F23", "FFFFFF", "FFCD00", "693F23"}, ["San Francisco Giants"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FD5A1E", "000000"}, ["San Francisco Giants 1983thru1999"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "E35205", "000000"}, ["San Francisco Giants 1973thru1982"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FF671F", "000000"}, ["San Francisco Giants 1958thru1972"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "E35205", "000000"}, ["New York Giants"] = "New York Giants 1947thru1957", ["New York Giants 1947thru1957"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "E35205", "000000"}, ["New York Giants 1940thru1946"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, ["New York Giants 1936thru1939"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "003087"}, ["New York Giants 1933thru1935"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "E35205", "000000"}, ["New York Giants 1928thru1932"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "D31145", "FFFFFF"}, ["New York Giants 1923thru1927"] = {"D31145", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "D31145"}, ["New York Giants 1917thru1922"] = {"002B5C", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "002B5C"}, ["New York Giants 1916thru1916"] = {"5C068C", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "5C068C"}, ["New York Giants 1915thru1915"] = {"D31145", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "D31145"}, ["New York Giants 1911thru1914"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["New York Giants 1903thru1910"] = {"693F23", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "693F23"}, ["Seattle Mariners"] = {"0C2C56", "FFFFFF", "005C5C", "FFFFFF"}, ["Seattle Mariners 1977thru1992"] = {"012169", "FFFFFF", "FFCD00", "012169"}, ["St. Louis Cardinals"] = {"BE0A14", "FFFFFF", "001541", "FFFFFF"}, ["St. Louis Cardinals 1940thru2021"] = {"C41E3A", "FFFFFF", "000066", "FFFFFF"}, ["St. Louis Cardinals 1936thru1939"] = {"C41E3A", "FFFFFF", "FFC845", "000066"}, ["St. Louis Cardinals 1922thru1935"] = {"C41E3A", "FFFFFF", "FFC845", "000000"}, ["St. Louis Cardinals 1903thru1921"] = {"C41E3A", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "C41E3A"}, ["Tampa Bay Rays"] = {"092C5C", "FFFFFF", "8FBCE6", "092C5C"}, ["Tampa Bay Devil Rays 2001thru2007"] = {"034638", "FFFFFF", "000088", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tampa Bay Devil Rays 1998thru2000"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "211551", "FFFFFF"}, ["Texas Rangers"] = {"003278", "FFFFFF", "C0111F", "FFFFFF"}, ["Texas Rangers 1994thru2002"] = {"C0111F", "FFFFFF", "003278", "FFFFFF"}, ["Texas Rangers 1972thru1993"] = {"0033A0", "FFFFFF", "E4002B", "FFFFFF"}, ["Washington Senators 1961thru1971"] = {"C8102E", "FFFFFF", "0C2340", "FFFFFF"}, ["Toronto Blue Jays"] = {"134A8E", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "134A8E"}, ["Toronto Blue Jays 2004thru2011"] = {"004B87", "FFFFFF", "717371", "FFFFFF"}, ["Toronto Blue Jays 2003thru2003"] = {"002F6C", "FFFFFF", "E8291C", "000000"}, ["Toronto Blue Jays 1989thru2002"] = {"002F6C", "FFFFFF", "006BA6", "FFFFFF"}, ["Toronto Blue Jays 1977thru1988"] = {"002F6C", "FFFFFF", "92C1E9", "000000"}, ["Washington Nationals"] = {"AB0003", "FFFFFF", "11225B", "FFFFFF"}, ["Montreal Expos"] = {"003087", "FFFFFF", "E4002B", "FFFFFF"}, -- Banana Ball -- ["Savannah Bananas"] = {"F8CD03", "FFFFFF", "192751", "FFFFFF"}, ["Party Animals"] = {"FF69B4", "000000", "2CFDD8", "FFFFFF"}, -- Japan -- ["Chunichi Dragons"] = {"003884", "ffffff", "E5001B", "ffffff"}, ["Hanshin Tigers"] = {"000000", "ffffff", "ffd101", "000000"}, ["Yomiuri Giants"] = {"FF6202", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Yokohama DeNA BayStars"] = {"003f8e", "FFFFFF", "0094e3", "00224d"}, ["Yokohama BayStars"] = "Yokohama DeNA BayStars", ["Tokyo Yakult Swallows"] = {"de1019", "FFFFFF", "05294d", "abcd05"}, ["Hiroshima Toyo Carp"] = {"e60012", "FFFFFF", "01366c", "FFFFFF"}, ["Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters"] = {"006298", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters"] = "Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters", ["Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles"] = {"870010", "FFFFFF", "ECAC00", "000000"}, ["Saitama Seibu Lions"] = {"143D69", "FFFFFF", "BB0119", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chiba Lotte Marines"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "C4CED4", "000000"}, ["Orix Buffaloes"] = {"000020", "a19c80", "a19c80", "000020"}, ["Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks"] = {"ffcc00", "000000", "000000", "ffffff"}, -- Defunct Japan -- ["Nishi Nippon Pirates"] = {"1d184d", "FFFFFF", "e9d335", "1d184d"}, ["Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes"] = {"152336", "FFFFFF", "e73a29", "FFFFFF"}, -- Independent Japan -- ["Oisix Niigata Albirex"] = {"003288", "FFFFFF", "E43C00", "FFFFFF"}, -- Korea -- ["Doosan Bears"] = {"131230", "FFFFFF", "ED1C24", "FFFFFF"}, ["Hanwha Eagles"] = {"fc4e00", "191919", "191919", "FFFFFF"}, ["Kia Tigers"] = {"ea0029", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Kiwoom Heroes"] = {"990000", "FFFFFF", "999999", "000000"}, ["KT Wiz"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "EC1C24", "FFFFFF"}, ["LG Twins"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "a50034", "FFFFFF"}, ["Lotte Giants"] = {"002865", "FFFFFF", "DC0330", "FFFFFF"}, ["NC Dinos"] = {"315288", "FFFFFF", "AF917B", "00275A"}, ["Samsung Lions"] = {"0066B3", "FFFFFF", "C0C0C0", "000000"}, ["SSG Landers"] = {"CF112D", "FFFFFF", "CF112D", "FFFFFF"}, -- Taiwan -- ["Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions"] = {"E88220", "FFFFFF", "000000", "E88220"}, ["Uni-President Lions"] = "Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions", ["Uni-President 7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn Lions"] = "Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions", ["Fubon Guardians"] = {"004A9C", "FFFFFF", "CECECE", "004A9C"}, ["Lamigo Monkeys"] = {"006090", "FFFFFF", "000000", "CF9F60"}, ["CTBC Brothers"] = {"FFD000", "000000", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Rakuten Monkeys"] = {"BF0000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "BF0000"}, ["TSG Hawks"] = {"006400", "FFFFFF", "EFB21E", "003831"}, ["Wei Chuan Dragons"] = {"E50012", "FFFFFF", "BC0011", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chinatrust Whales"] = {"006666", "FFFFFF", "FF0000", "FFFFFF"}, -- China -- ["Shenzhen Bluesox"] = {"1A408E", "FFFFFF", "818DDA", "FFFFFF"}, ["Fuzhou Sea Knights"] = {"0A21AB", "FFFFFF", "405CC8", "FFFFFF"}, ["Xiamen Dolphins"] = {"0F5A71", "FFFFFF", "79C7D2", "000000"}, ["Beijing Loongs"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "C0C0C0", "000000"}, ["Changsha Want Want"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FF0000", "FFFFFF"}, -- Defunct China -- ["Beijing Tigers"] = {"000000", "FFFF00", "FFFF00", "000000"}, ["Tianjin Lions"] = {"008000", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Sichuan Dragons"] = {"8B52A1", "FFFF00", "8B52A1", "FFFFFF"}, ["Guangdong Leopards"] = {"191970", "FFD400", "191970", "FFFFFF"}, ["Jiangsu Pegasus"] = {"FF9900", "000000", "FF9900", "000000"}, ["Shanghai Golden Eagles"] = {"ED1C24", "FFD400", "ED1C24", "FFFFFF"}, ["Henan Elephants"] = {"003366", "FFFFFF", "666666", "FFFFFF"}, -- Australia -- ["Adelaide Bite"] = {"00295B", "FFD700", "D21044", "FFD700"}, ["Auckland Tuatara"] = {"00665E", "FFFFFF", "0B2240", "FFFFFF"}, ["Brisbane Bandits"] = {"000000", "FFD700", "950500", "FFD700"}, ["Canberra Cavalry"] = {"FF7721", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Melbourne Aces"] = {"AA2506", "FFFFFF", "110E3D", "FFFFFF"}, ["Perth Heat"] = {"B41502", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Sydney Blue Sox"] = {"56A0D3", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, -- Mexico -- ["Acereros de Monclova"] = {"253784", "FFFFFF", "E22026", "FFFFFF"}, ["Águilas de Mexicali"] = {"E62831", "FFFFFF", "1A3663", "FFFFFF"}, ["Algodoneros de Guasave"] = {"021D49", "FFFFFF", "87A9E2", "FFFFFF"}, ["Algodoneros de San Luis"] = {"010000", "FFFFFF", "E20505", "FFFFFF"}, ["Algodoneros de Unión Laguna"] = {"6B1A31", "FFFFFF", "6B1A31", "FFFFFF"}, ["Alijadores de Tampico"] = {"27408B", "FFD700", "FFD700", "27408B"}, ["Azules de Veracruz"] = {"1D428A", "FFFFFF", "1D428A", "FFFFFF"}, ["Bravos de León"] = {"0A332B", "FFFFFF", "E9AD00", "0A332B"}, ["Bravos de Reynosa"] = {"027C56", "FFFFFF", "027C56", "FFFFFF"}, ["Caliente de Durango"] = {"D62928", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cañeros de Los Mochis"] = {"124734", "FFFFFF", "F9B313", "124734"}, ["Charros de Jalisco"] = {"0033A1", "FFFFFF", "EBA900", "0033A1"}, ["Conspiradores de Querétaro"] = {"5B118B", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Delfines del Carmen"] = {"672C83", "FFFFFF", "00A736", "FFFFFF"}, ["Diablos Rojos del México"] = {"CF202E", "FFFFFF", "CF202E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Dorados de Chihuahua"] = {"592182", "FFFFFF", "F9D120", "592182"}, ["El Águila de Veracruz"] = {"DA0812", "FFFFFF", "1E1A1B", "FFFFFF"}, ["Generales de Durango"] = {"009741", "FFFFFF", "FBCA00", "FFFFFF"}, ["Guerreros de Oaxaca"] = {"231F20", "FFFFFF", "A7A9AC", "FFFFFF"}, ["Indios de Ciudad Juárez"] = {"C72028", "FFFFFF", "080808", "FFFFFF"}, ["Industriales de Monterrey"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "EB6824", "FFFFFF"}, ["Jaguares de Nayarit"] = {"00214E", "FFFFFF", "F07D33", "FFFFFF"}, ["Leones de Yucatán"] = {"134D2B", "FFFFFF", "E66125", "FFFFFF"}, ["Mariachis de Guadalajara"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["Marineros de Ensenada"] = {"011337", "FFFFFF", "C10D0F", "FFFFFF"}, ["Mayas de Chetumal"] = {"01AABA", "FFFFFF", "FD622C", "FFFFFF"}, ["Mayos de Navojoa"] = {"E1251B", "FFFFFF", "1E2945", "FFFFFF"}, ["Naranjeros de Hermosillo"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FF8300", "FFFFFF"}, ["Olmecas de Tabasco"] = {"0B3F95", "FFFFFF", "C0111E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Ostioneros de Guaymas"] = {"353C98", "FFFFFF", "EF3C2F", "FFFFFF"}, ["Pericos de Puebla"] = {"00553D", "FFFFFF", "F5D30C", "00553D"}, ["Piratas de Campeche"] = {"E60008", "FFFFFF", "272626", "FFFFFF"}, ["Piratas de Sabinas"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FFD602", "000000"}, ["Potros de Tijuana"] = {"153287", "FFFFFF", "D90C0E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Rieleros de Aguascalientes"] = {"1C2444", "FFFFFF", "FEE820", "1C2444"}, ["Saraperos de Saltillo"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "0E7C80", "FFFFFF"}, ["Sultanes de Monterrey"] = {"001740", "FFFFFF", "001740", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos"] = {"171345", "FFFFFF", "D02128", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tecolotes Dos Laredos"] = "Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos", ["Tigres de Quintana Roo"] = {"231D47", "FFFFFF", "C85412", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tomateros de Culiacán"] = {"7A113A", "FFFFFF", "7A113A", "FFFFFF"}, ["Toros de Tijuana"] = {"040707", "FFFFFF", "B22226", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tuneros de San Luis Potosí"] = {"0000C4", "FFFFFF", "FFE310", "0000C4"}, ["Venados de Mazatlán"] = {"EA0029", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Yaquis de Obregón"] = {"134489", "FFFFFF", "008BD2", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tucson Baseball Team"] = {"65381A", "EFCF9F", "8C1639", "EFCF9F"}, -- Puerto Rico -- ["Cangrejeros de Santurce"] = {"11225B", "FFFFFF", "808080", "FFFFFF"}, ["Criollos de Caguas"] = {"C20B26", "FFFFFF", "878785", "FFFFFF"}, ["Indios de Mayagüez"] = {"8B2232", "FFFFFF", "FCB426", "FFFFFF"}, ["Senadores de San Juan"] = {"002D72", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FF5910"}, ["Leones de Ponce"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "BE0B18", "FFFFFF"}, ["Gigantes de Carolina"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FDB827", "000000"}, -- Independent -- ["Charleston Dirty Birds"] = {"000100", "00B6E3", "F5831F", "000000"}, ["Lancaster Stormers"] = {"C4122F", "FFFFFF", "040204", "D3AF7E"}, ["Southern Maryland Blue Crabs"] = {"003263", "FFFFFF", "669AC9", "FFFFFF"}, ["Lake Country DockHounds"] = {"2E3192", "FFFFFF", "9BDDF8", "2E3192"}, ["York Revolution"] = {"002A5C", "FFFFFF", "FDB930", "002A5C"}, ["High Point Rockers"] = {"E61F31", "FFFFFF", "252E65", "FBC918"}, ["Long Island Ducks"] = {"045739 ", "FFFFFF", "F47939", "000000"}, ["Gastonia Honey Hunters"] = {"1A1717", "FEA500", "FF6A00", "FFFFFF"}, ["Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "D0112B", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chicago Dogs"] = {"62B4E6", "000000", "EE1B2C", "FFFFFF"}, ["Sioux Falls Canaries"] = {"015DAA", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FEE514"}, ["Winnipeg Goldeyes"] = {"C41E3A", "FFFFFF", "001450", "FFFFFF"}, ["Gary SouthShore RailCats"] = {"114B3D", "FFFFFF", "8C3931", "FFFFFF"}, ["Lexington Counter Clocks"] = {"004D9D", "FFFFFF", "E40031", "FFFFFF"}, ["Lincoln Saltdogs"] = {"001D38", "FFFFFF", "B6A010", "001D38"}, ["Sioux City Explorers"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "C52D2E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cleburne Railroaders"] = {"1E1A34", "BEC6C4", "93272C", "FFFFFF"}, ["Milwaukee Milkmen"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Kane County Cougars"] = {"0D1D3E", "D4AE6D", "6FBF46", "0D1D3E"}, ["New Jersey Jackals"] = {"C80815", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Québec Capitales"] = {"013674", "FEB827", "FEB827", "013674"}, ["New York Boulders"] = {"0047AB", "FFFFFF", "FF0800", "FFFFFF"}, ["Sussex County Miners"] = {"000000", "FFA824", "FFA824", "000000"}, ["Trois-Rivières Aigles"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "b31b1b", "FFFFFF"}, ["Lake Erie Crushers"] = {"765BA7", "FFFFFF", "765BA7", "FFFFFF"}, ["Washington Wild Things"] = {"9F1922", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Evansville Otters"] = {"082567","FFFFFF", "800000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Gateway Grizzlies"] = {"003263", "FFFFFF", "CF7518","003263"}, ["Southern Illinois Miners"] = {"000000", "B7872D", "B7872D", "000000"}, ["Windy City ThunderBolts"]= {"2560BD", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Joliet Slammers"] = {"055B3E", "FFFFFF", "F48034", "000000"}, ["Schaumburg Boomers"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "F57B20", "000000"}, ["Florence Y'alls"] = {"EA1C29", "FBF9EC", "87C1E9", "000000"}, ["Ottawa Titans"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FF0000", "000000"}, ["Staten Island FerryHawks"] = {"303E48", "88B7E8", "E77204", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tri-City ValleyCats"] = {"E31836", "FFFFFF", "000000", "B0B7BB"}, ["North Platte 80s"] = {"09355A", "FFFFFF", "CA1631", "FFFFFF"}, ["Billings Mustangs"] = {"000000", "d12031", "be965c", "000000"}, ["Boise Hawks"] = {"00483A", "F89828", "B5121B", "FFEEBB"}, ["Glacier Range Riders"] = {"ea0a2a", "000", "5b611b", "FFFFFF"}, ["Grand Junction Jackalopes"] = {"500878", "B77729", "1D57A5", "FFFFFF"}, ["Great Falls Voyagers"] = {"000000", "78BE21", "D22730", "FFFFFF"}, ["Idaho Falls Chukars"] = {"A30046", "C4CED4", "000000", "C4CED4"}, ["Long Beach Coast"] = {"00857A", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFCE9"}, ["Missoula PaddleHeads"] = {"024638", "f6972e", "B86125", "000000"}, ["Modesto Roadsters"] = {"3DB6E4", "000000", "E32726", "FFFFFF"}, ["Northern Colorado Owlz"] = {"022a5c", "cfaa7a", "adafb2", "022a5c"}, ["Oakland Ballers"] = {"003831", "EFB21E", "003831", "A2AAAD"}, ["Ogden Raptors"] = {"005A9C", "A2AAAD", "00a5b5", "FFFFFF"}, ["Rocky Mountain Vibes"] = {"E20177", "FFFFFF", "002D62", "FDBB30"}, ["Yuba-Sutter High Wheelers"] = {"000000", "fed141", "000000", "fc7800"}, ["Mississippi Mud Monsters"] = {"00837b", "FFFFFF", "000000", "ebab0b"}, ["Down East Bird Dawgs"] = {"000000", "f9dfbd", "fa6205", "FFFFFF"}, ["Lexington Legends"] = {"19468d", "FFFFFF", "00984c", "FFFFFF"}, ["Hagerstown Flying Boxcars"] = {"c5003e", "FFFFFF", "00244d", "8bb4e0"}, ["Gastonia Ghost Peppers"] = {"df2b20", "FFFFFF", "000000", "fba919"}, ["Spire City Ghost Hounds"] = {"008080", "FFFFFF", "000000", "90E4C1"}, ["Brockton Rox"] = {"BD3039", "FFFFFF", "0D2B56", "FFFFFF"}, -- Negro leagues -- ["Chicago American Giants"] = {"000080", "FFFFFF", "000080", "FFFFFF"}, ["Kansas City Monarchs"] = {"0B2241", "FBEEC4", "A03223", "FBEEC4"}, ["Cleveland Buckeyes"] = {"E4002B", "FFFFFF", "0C2340", "FFFFFF"}, ["New York Cubans"] = {"800000", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Hilldale Athletic Club"] = {"BC0B23", "FFFFFF", "BC0B23", "FFFFFF"}, ["Homestead Grays"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "C4CED4", "0C2340"}, ["Bacharach Giants"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Newark Eagles"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "0C2340", "FFFFFF"}, ["Birmingham Black Barons"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "BA0C2F", "FFFFFF"}, ["Memphis Red Sox"] = {"BD3039", "FFFFFF", "192C55", "FFFFFF"}, ["Pittsburgh Crawfords"] = {"BC0B23", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, -- Czech Republic -- ["Arrows Ostrava"] = {"002540", "FFFFFF", "E1001D", "FFFFFF"}, ["Hroši Brno"] = {"091C2B", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "091C2B"}, ["Draci Brno"] = {"000000", "A89644", "FFFFFF", "000000"}, ["Eagles Praha"] = {"185746", "FFFFFF", "185746", "FFFFFF"}, ["Kotlářka Praha"] = {"1635AC", "FFFFFF", "D71920", "FFFFFF"}, ["Sokol Hluboká"] = {"003164", "FFFFFF", "00A1E5", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tempo Praha"] = {"162640", "FFFFFF", "DD1641", "FFFFFF"}, ["Třebíč Nuclears"] = {"000155", "FFFFFF", "000155", "FFFFFF"}, -- Colombia -- ["Caimanes de Barranquilla"] = {"004C9B", "FFFFFF", "D0112B", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tigres de Cartagena"] = {"DB3C36", "FFFFFF", "DB3C36", "FFFFFF"}, ["Vaqueros de Montería"] = {"033685", "FFFFFF", "033685", "FFFFFF"}, ["Leones de Barranquilla"] = {"113855", "FFFFFF", "018E7D", "FFFFFF"}, ["Indios de Cartagena"] = {"024638", "FFFFFF", "D50032", "FFFFFF"}, -- Cuba -- ["Cazadores de Artemisa"] = {"FD0000", "FFFFFF", "000281", "FFFFFF"}, ["Toros de Camagüey"] = {"010042", "FFFFFF", "FE0202", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tigres de Ciego de Ávila"] = {"007EFF", "FFFFFF", "FF0000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Elefantes de Cienfuegos"] = {"008102", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Alazanes de Granma"] = {"00007E", "FFFFFF", "FE0000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Indios de Guantánamo"] = {"000000", "FFFF00", "FFFF00", "000000"}, ["Sabuesos de Holguín"] = {"010043", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "010043"}, ["Industriales"] = {"00007E", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "00007E"}, ["Piratas de Isla de la Juventud"] = {"008181", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "008181"}, ["Leñadores de Las Tunas"] = {"008100", "FFFFFF", "FF0202", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cocodrilos de Matanzas"] = {"EF252A", "FFEF01", "FFEF01", "EF252A"}, ["Huracanes de Mayabeque"] = {"850707", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "850707"}, ["Vegueros de Pinar del Río"] = {"015700", "FFFF00", "FFFF00", "015700"}, ["Gallos de Sancti Spíritus"] = {"000081", "FFFFFF", "EF4E00", "FFFFFF"}, ["Avispas de Santiago de Cuba"] = {"FF0000", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Azucareros de Villa Clara"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "EF4E00", "FFFFFF"}, -- Venezuela -- ["Caribes de Anzoátegui"] = {"EF6B01", "FFFFFF", "01204E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tigres de Aragua"] = {"011C51", "FFFFFF", "B90E15", "FFFFFF"}, ["Marineros de Carabobo"] = {"141950", "FFFFFF", "8D1F2C", "FFFFFF"}, ["Leones del Caracas"] = {"002C61", "FFFFFF", "FCB82D", "002C61"}, ["Senadores de Caracas"] = {"BB1632", "EED484", "011A3F", "FFFFFF"}, ["Caciques de Distrito"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FF782D", "FFFFFF"}, ["Centauros de La Guaira"] = {"012A4D", "FFFFFF", "DB1B2D", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tiburones de La Guaira"] = {"E21A22", "FFFFFF", "322F91", "FFFFFF"}, ["Cardenales de Lara"] = {"DF0209", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Navegantes del Magallanes"] = {"1a5ea7", "ffc637", "ffc637", "1a5ea7"}, ["Bravos de Margarita"] = {"000000", "59A4B1", "59A4B1", "FFFFFF"}, ["Líderes de Miranda"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "E10A1E", "FFFFFF"}, ["Águilas del Zulia"] = {"000000", "FE871F", "FE871F", "000000"}, -- Dominican Republic -- ["Águilas Cibaeñas"] = {"000000", "FFC72C", "FFC72C", "000000"}, ["Estrellas Orientales"] = {"016438", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "016438"}, ["Gigantes del Cibao"] = {"752636", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "752636"}, ["Leones del Escogido"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "BE0B18", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tigres del Licey"] = {"134492", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "134492"}, ["Toros del Este"] = {"FD3F00", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, -- Panama -- ["Águilas Metropolitanas"] = {"BB2D38", "FFFFFF", "2F3685", "FFFFFF"}, ["Federales de Chiriquí"] = {"E10404", "FFFFFF", "102f0d", "FFFFFF"}, -- Germany -- ["Bonn Capitals"] = {"0F481C", "FFB81C", "FFB81C", "0F481C"}, ["Gauting Indians"] = {"000252", "FFFFFF", "BC0000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Hamburg Stealers"] = {"014898", "FFFFFF", "CD1619", "FFFFFF"}, ["Heidenheim Heideköpfe"] = {"152665", "FFFFFF", "A42336", "FFFFFF"}, ["Regensburg Legionäre"] = {"000000", "5EA5F2", "811818", "FFFFFF"}, ["Mainz Athletics"] = {"174420", "FFC929", "FFC929", "174420"}, ["Paderborn Untouchables"] = {"0D5928", "FFCC00", "FFCC00", "0D5928"}, ["Untouchables Paderborn"] = {"0D5928", "FFCC00", "FFCC00", "0D5928"}, -- Nicaragua -- ["Gigantes de Rivas"] = {"1F4495", "FFFFFF", "EE7D00", "FFFFFF"}, ["Indios del Bóer"] = {"003155", "FFFFFF", "AD0B32", "FFFFFF"}, ["Leones de León"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "FDB827", "000000"}, ["Tigres de Chinandega"] = {"FF2120", "FFFFFF", "0A2A75", "FFFFFF"}, ["Tren del Norte"] = {"C31718", "FFFFFF", "C31718", "FFFFFF"}, ["Fieras del San Fernando"] = {"000000", "FF5E00", "FF5E00", "000000"}, ["Dantos de Managua"] = {"0C2340", "FFFFFF", "C8102E", "FFFFFF"}, -- Netherlands -- ["Amsterdam Pirates"] = {"1A171B", "FFFFFF", "F6CC00", "1A171B"}, ["DSS Haarlem"] = {"E6252F", "FFFFFF", "111111", "FFFFFF"}, ["HCAW"] = {"002060", "F5B416", "F5B416", "002060"}, ["Neptunus"] = {"1D2945", "FFFFFF", "1D2945", "FFFFFF"}, ["Twins Oosterhout"] = {"0D123A", "FFFFFF", "EF7E19", "FFFFFF"}, -- Italy -- ["1949 Parma BC"] = {"121038", "FFFFFF", "CCCCCC", "121038"}, ["BBC Grosseto"] = {"ED1C24", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Fortitudo Bologna"] = {"0B2E4B", "FFFFFF", "24A5EF", "FFFFFF"}, ["Macerata"] = {"E0030E", "FFFFFF", "014991", "FFFFFF"}, ["Nettuno BC 1945"] = {"DE0F2B", "FFFFFF", "2C3182", "FFFFFF"}, -- Spain -- ["Astros de Valencia"] = {"002D64", "F09100", "F09100", "002D64"}, ["CB Barcelona"] = {"A00537", "FFFFFF", "0A4B87", "FFFFFF"}, ["CB Viladecans"] = {"000000", "FDD316", "FDD316", "000000"}, ["Tenerife Marlins"] = {"030305", "FFFFFF", "148282", "FFFFFF"}, -- Baseball United -- ["Mid East Falcons"] = {"0cdbcf", "013f54", "013f54", "ffffff"}, ["Arabia Wolves"] = {"F4323E", "ffffff", "000000", "ffffff"}, ["Mumbai Cobras"] = {"800080", "ffffff", "000000", "ffffff"}, ["Karachi Monarchs"] = {"034fc7", "ffffff", "9fbcce", "ffffff"}, -- Canadian Baseball League -- ["Barrie Baycats"] = {"0b014d", "FFFFFF", "af2240", "FFFFFF"}, ["Brantford Red Sox"] = {"BD3139", "FFFFFF", "0D2341", "FFFFFF"}, ["Chatham-Kent Barnstormers"] = {"000000", "d2ae72", "d43329", "FFFFFF"}, ["Guelph Royals"] = {"28388F", "FFFFFF", "28388F", "FFFFFF"}, ["Hamilton Cardinals"] = {"D8262F", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Kitchener Panthers"] = {"000000", "6688ba", "FAB628", "000000"}, ["London Majors"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "000000", "FFFFFF"}, ["Toronto Maple Leafs"] = {"003C7C", "FFFFFF", "FFFFFF", "003C7C"}, ["Welland Jackfish"] = {"087C41", "FFFFFF", "141B34", "FFFFFF"}, -- Women's Pro Baseball League -- ["Boston Hunters"] = {"00281F", "FFFFFF", "F4801B", "FFFFFF"}, ["Los Angeles Queens"] = {"000000", "FFFFFF", "B09067", "FFFFFF"}, ["New York Heights"] = {"091C47", "FFFFFF", "68C4E9", "FFFFFF"}, ["San Francisco Firebells"] = {"2D1748", "FFFFFF", "FF2100", "FFFFFF"}, -- Curaçao -- ["Royal Scorpions"] = {"DC0C1E", "FFFFFF", "141413", "FFFFFF"}, } qktspeaybnxk3n6a6yull77wqba7lfx 10 51194 306039 2026-08-27T14:04:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306039 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks">[{{#if:{{{title|{{{page|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} |{{fullurl:{{{title|{{{page|{{{1}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{diff|{{{2|}}}}}} |diff={{trim|{{{diff|{{{2}}}}}}}}& }}oldid={{trim|{{{oldid|{{{3|}}}}}}}}}} |{{SERVER}}{{SCRIPTPATH}}/index.php?title={{#if:{{{diff|{{{2|}}}}}} |&diff={{trim|{{{diff|{{{2}}}}}}}} }}&oldid={{trim|{{{oldid|{{{3|}}}}}}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{{diffonly|}}}|yes|&diffonly=1}} {{{label|{{{4|}}}}}}]</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 5wzn64ljt4oe5kygi2ud9mgme7as3lq 828 51195 306040 2026-08-27T14:09:13Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local p = {} -- List of default title texts. local defaultTitleTextlist = { ["TBA"] = "To be announced", ["TBD"] = "To be determined", ["N/A"] = "Not available" } -- Local function which is used to retrieve the title text. local function getTitleText(args, altText) local titleText = args[2] or args["title_text"] -- If the title text was manually added, return it. if (titleText) then return titleText end -- The title text was not set, get the correct default text w... 306040 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- List of default title texts. local defaultTitleTextlist = { ["TBA"] = "To be announced", ["TBD"] = "To be determined", ["N/A"] = "Not available" } -- Local function which is used to retrieve the title text. local function getTitleText(args, altText) local titleText = args[2] or args["title_text"] -- If the title text was manually added, return it. if (titleText) then return titleText end -- The title text was not set, get the correct default text which corresponds to the alt text. for k, v in pairs(defaultTitleTextlist) do if (altText == k) then return v end end return "" end -- Local function which is used to retrieve the alt text. local function getAltText(args) local altText = args[1] or args["alt_text"] if (altText == nil) then altText = "TBA" end return altText end -- Local function which does the actual main process. function p._main(args) local altText = getAltText(args) local titleText = getTitleText(args, altText) return '<small style="color:var(--color-neutral,#2C2C2C);" title="' .. titleText .. '">' .. altText .. '</small>' end --[[ Public function which is used to create information for an empty text cell. Parameters: -- |1= or |alt_text= — optional; The text which will be written in the cell. -- |2= or |title_text= — optional; The text which will be shown when hovering over the cell. --]] function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs; local args = getArgs(frame); return p._main(args) end return p tazgenn2q19h8yqp4oxhgfkrt6p5gcy 828 51196 306041 2026-08-27T14:10:16Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: --[[--------------------------< L A B E L _ M A P >------------------------------------------------------------ Table to map |showflags= value to the |labeln= parameter value for {{Infobox}} TODO: convert showflag to a comma delimited list instead of these peculiar codes? ]] local label_map = { ['bp'] = '[[Bbánlám pìngyīm|Bbánlám Pìngyīm]]', ['bpmf'] = '[[Bopomofo]]', ['gan'] = '[[Gan Chinese|Gan]]', ['gd'] = '[[Guangdong Romanization]]', ['h'] = '[[Guangdong Ro... 306041 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< L A B E L _ M A P >------------------------------------------------------------ Table to map |showflags= value to the |labeln= parameter value for {{Infobox}} TODO: convert showflag to a comma delimited list instead of these peculiar codes? ]] local label_map = { ['bp'] = '[[Bbánlám pìngyīm|Bbánlám Pìngyīm]]', ['bpmf'] = '[[Bopomofo]]', ['gan'] = '[[Gan Chinese|Gan]]', ['gd'] = '[[Guangdong Romanization]]', ['h'] = '[[Guangdong Romanization#Hakka|Hakka]]', ['hsn'] = '[[Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]', ['j'] = '[[Jyutping]]', ['p'] = '[[Hanyu Pinyin]]', ['phfs'] = '[[Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]]', ['poj'] = '[[Hokkien]] [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī|POJ]]', ['psic'] = '[[Sichuanese Mandarin|Sichuanese]] [[Sichuanese Pinyin|Pinyin]]', ['tl'] = '[[Taiwanese Romanization System|Tâi-lô]]', ['toi'] = '[[Taishanese]]', ['tp'] = '[[Tongyong Pinyin]]', ['w'] = '[[Wade–Giles]]', ['wgn'] = '[[Romanization of Wu Chinese|Wugniu]]', ['wuu'] = '[[Wu Chinese|Wu]]', ['xej'] = '[[Xiao\'erjing]]', ['y'] = '[[Cantonese]] [[Yale romanization of Cantonese|Yale]]', } --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L _ M A P >---------------------------------------------------------- Table to map |showflags= value to an index into label_map for child infobox |labeln= value and to map |showflags= value to the correct parameter for use in child infobox |datan= parameter Implementation deatils of |showflag= are in dispute see: Template_talk:Infobox_Chinese#Rfc_on_fixing_the_template_showflag linked conversation is at: Template_talk:Infobox_Chinese/Archive_4#Showflag broken ]] local transl_map = { -- maps |showflag= value to label from label_map table and data from matching parameter name ['bp'] = {['label1'] = 'bp', ['data1'] = 'bp'}, ['bpmf'] = {['label1'] = 'bpmf', ['data1'] = 'bpmf'}, ['gan'] = {['label1'] = 'gan', ['data1'] = 'gan'}, ['gdp'] = {['label1'] = 'gd', ['data1'] = 'gd', ['label2'] = 'p', ['data2'] = 'p'}, ['h'] = {['label1'] = 'h', ['data1'] = 'h'}, ['hsn'] = {['label1'] = 'hsn', ['data1'] = 'hsn'}, ['j'] = {['label1'] = 'j', ['data1'] = 'j'}, ['jp'] = {['label1'] = 'j', ['data1'] = 'j', ['label2'] = 'p', ['data2'] = 'p'}, ['jy'] = {['label1'] = 'j', ['data1'] = 'j', ['label2'] = 'y', ['data2'] = 'y'}, ['jyp'] = {['label1'] = 'j', ['data1'] = 'j', ['label2'] = 'y', ['data2'] = 'y', ['label3'] = 'p', ['data3'] = 'p'}, ['p'] = {['label1'] = 'p', ['data1'] = 'p'}, ['phfs'] = {['label1'] = 'phfs', ['data1'] = 'phfs'}, ['phsn'] = {['label1'] = 'p', ['data1'] = 'p', ['label2'] = 'hsn', ['data2'] = 'hsn'}, ['pj'] = {['label1'] = 'p', ['data1'] = 'p', ['label2'] = 'j', ['data2'] = 'j'}, ['poj'] = {['label1'] = 'poj', ['data1'] = 'poj'}, ['psic'] = {['label1'] = 'p', ['data1'] = 'p', ['label2'] = 'sic', ['data2'] = 'sic'}, ['pwuu'] = {['label1'] = 'p', ['data1'] = 'p', ['label2'] = 'wuu', ['data2'] = 'wuu'}, ['py'] = {['label1'] = 'p', ['data1'] = 'p', ['label2'] = 'y', ['data2'] = 'y'}, ['tl'] = {['label1'] = 'tl', ['data1'] = 'tl'}, ['toip'] = {['label1'] = 'toi', ['data1'] = 'toi', ['label2'] = 'p', ['data2'] = 'p'}, ['tp'] = {['label1'] = 'tp', ['data1'] = 'tp'}, ['wp'] = {['label1'] = 'w', ['data1'] = 'w', ['label2'] = 'p', ['data2'] = 'p'}, ['wgn'] = {['label1'] = 'wgn', ['data1'] = 'wgn'}, ['wuu'] = {['label1'] = 'wuu', ['data1'] = 'wuu'}, ['y'] = {['label1'] = 'y', ['data1'] = 'y'}, ['yj'] = {['label1'] = 'y', ['data1'] = 'y', ['label2'] = 'j', ['data2'] = 'j'}, ['xej'] = { ['label1'] = 'xej', ['data1'] = 'xej', -- ???? what to do about this; template calls {{lang|zh-Arab|{{{xej}}}}} on this value }, ['xejp'] = { ['label1'] = 'xej', ['data1'] = 'xej', -- ???? template does not call {{lang|zh-Arab|{{{xej}}}}} on this value; why? ['label2'] = 'p', ['data2'] = 'p' }, } --[[--------------------------< K E Y S >---------------------------------------------------------------------- ]] local keys = { -- table of xscript table keys calls ar = 'arabic', bo = 'tibetan', hokkien = 'hokkien', ja = 'japanese', ko = 'korean', mn = 'mongolian', ru = 'russian', ug = 'uyghur', } --[[--------------------------< X S C R I P T >---------------------------------------------------------------- table that holds the various transcription headers and labels used by transcriptions() indexed in this table are lower case versions of the header display text without punctuation (if any) TODO: add support for transl transliteration standard parameter; akin to {{transl|lang code|standard code|text|italic=??}} ]] local xscript = { ['standard mandarin'] = { -- lower case version of the header display text ['header'] = '[[Standard Chinese|Standard Mandarin]]', -- text to be displayed if headers are displayed ['t'] = { -- table of labels and their associated data parameter {'[[Hanyu Pinyin]]', 'p'}, -- label is [[Hanyu Pinyin]], data is taken from |p= parameter {'[[Bopomofo]]','bpmf'}, {'[[Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh|Gwoyeu Romatzyh]]', 'gr'}, {'[[Wade–Giles]]', 'w'}, {'[[Tongyong Pinyin]]', 'tp'}, {'[[Yale romanization of Mandarin|Yale Romanization]]', 'myr'}, {'[[Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II|MPS2]]', 'mps'}, {'[[Help:IPA/Mandarin|IPA]]', 'mi'} } }, ['other mandarin'] = { ['header'] = '[[Mandarin Chinese|other Mandarin]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Xiao\'erjing]]', 'xej'}, {'[[Dungan language|Dungan]]','zh-dungan'}, {'[[Sichuanese Mandarin|Sichuanese]] [[Sichuanese Pinyin|Pinyin]]', 'sic'}, } }, ['wu'] = { ['header'] = '[[Wu Chinese|Wu]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Romanization of Wu Chinese|Wugniu]]', 'wgn'}, {'[[Romanization of Wu Chinese|Romanization]]', 'wuu'}, {'[[Wenzhounese]]<br />[[Wenzhounese romanisation|Romanisation]]', 'ouji'}, {'[[Suzhounese]]', 'suz'}, {'[[Help:IPA/Wu Chinese|IPA]]', 'wi'}, } }, ['gan'] = { ['header'] = '[[Gan Chinese|Gan]]', ['t'] = { {'Romanization', 'gan'}, } }, ['xiang'] = { ['header'] = '[[Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]', ['t'] = { {'IPA', 'hsn'}, } }, ['hakka'] = { ['header'] = '[[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Guangdong Romanization#Hakka|Romanization]]', 'h'}, {'[[Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]]', 'phfs'}, } }, ['yue cantonese'] = { ['header'] = '[[Cantonese|Yue: Cantonese]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Yale romanization of Cantonese|Yale Romanization]]', 'y'}, {'[[Jyutping]]', 'j'}, {'[[Sidney Lau romanisation|Sidney Lau]]', 'sl'}, {'[[Guangdong Romanization|Canton Romanization]]', 'gd'}, {'[[Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation|Hong Kong Romanisation]]', 'hk'}, {'[[Cantonese#Romanization|Macau Romanization]]', 'mo'}, {'[[Help:IPA/Cantonese|IPA]]', 'ci'}, } }, ['other yue'] = { ['header'] = '[[Yue Chinese|other Yue]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Taishanese]]', 'toi'}, } }, ['southern min'] = { ['header'] = '[[Southern Min]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Hokkien]] [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī|POJ]]', 'poj'}, {'[[Taiwanese Romanization System|Tâi-lô]]', 'tl'}, {'[[Bbánlám pìngyīm|Bbánlám Pìngyīm]]', 'bp'}, {'[[Teochew dialect|Teochew]] [[Guangdong Romanization#Teochew|Peng\'im]]', 'teo'}, {'[[Hainanese]] Romanization', 'hain'}, {'[[Leizhou Min|Leizhou]] Romanization', 'lizu'}, } }, ['eastern min'] = { ['header'] = '[[Eastern Min]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]] [[Foochow Romanized|BUC]]', 'buc'}, } }, ['pu-xian min'] = { ['header'] = '[[Pu-Xian Min]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Pu-Xian Min|Hinghwa]] [[Hinghwa Romanized|BUC]]', 'hhbuc'}, } }, ['northern min'] = { ['header'] = '[[Northern Min]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Jian\'ou dialect|Jian\'ou]] [[Kienning Colloquial Romanized|Romanized]]', 'mblmc'}, } }, ['old mandarin'] = { ['header'] = '[[Old Mandarin]]', ['t'] = { {'Romanized \'Phags-pa', 'phagspa-latin'}, } }, ['middle chinese'] = { ['header'] = '[[Middle Chinese]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Middle Chinese]]', 'mc'}, {'[[Middle Chinese#Early Middle Chinese|Early Middle Chinese]]', 'emc'}, {'[[Middle Chinese#Late Middle Chinese|Late Middle Chinese]]', 'lmc'}, } }, ['old chinese'] = { ['header'] = '[[Old Chinese]]', ['t'] = { {'[[Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter (1992)|Baxter (1992)]]', 'oc-b92'}, {'[[Reconstructions of Old Chinese#Baxter–Sagart (2014)|Baxter–Sagart (2014)]]', 'oc-bs'}, {'[[Reconstructions of Old Chinese#Zhengzhang (1981–1995)|Zhengzhang]]', 'oc-zz'}, } }, --------< non-Chinese transcriptions >-------- ['arabic'] = { ['header'] = nil, -- {{Infobox Chinese/Arabic}}; doesn't use header ['t'] = { {'[[Arabic chat alphabet|Chat]]', 'chat'}, -- TODO: standardize on lowercase parameter names {'[[Arabic chat alphabet|Chat]]', 'Chat'}, {'[[ALA-LC romanization|ALA-LC]]', 'ala-lc'}, {'[[ALA-LC romanization|ALA-LC]]', 'ALA-LC'}, {'[[ISO 233|ISO]]', 'iso'}, {'[[ISO 233|ISO]]', 'ISO'}, {'[[DIN 31635|DIN]]', 'din'}, {'[[DIN 31635|DIN]]', 'DIN'}, } }, ['hokkien'] = { ['header'] = nil, -- {{Infobox Chinese/Hokkien}}; doesn't use header ['t'] = { {'[[Taiwanese Romanization System|Tâi-lô]]', 'tl'}, {'[[Bbánlám pìngyīm|Bbánpìng]]', 'bp'}, {'[[Help:IPA for Hokkien|IPA]]', 'hokkienipa'}, } }, ['japanese'] = { ['header'] = nil, -- {{Infobox Chinese/Japanese}}; doesn't use header ['t'] = { {'[[Romanization of Japanese|Romanization]]', 'romaji'}, {'[[Hepburn romanization|Revised Hepburn]]', 'revhep'}, {'[[Hepburn romanization|Traditional Hepburn]]', 'tradhep'}, {'[[Kunrei-shiki romanization|Kunrei-shiki]]', 'kunrei'}, {'[[Nihon-shiki romanization|Nihon-shiki]]', 'nihon'}, } }, ['korean'] = { ['header'] = nil, -- {{Infobox Chinese/Korean}}; doesn't use header ['t'] = { {'[[Revised Romanization of Korean|Revised Romanization]]', 'rr'}, {'[[McCune–Reischauer]]', 'mr'}, {'[[Yale romanization of Korean|Yale]]', 'kyale'}, {'[[Help:IPA/Korean|IPA]]', 'koreanipa'}, } }, ['mongolian'] = { ['header'] = nil, -- {{Infobox Chinese/Mongolian}}; doesn't use header ['t'] = { {'[[SASM/GNC romanization#Mongolian|SASM/GNC]]', 'monr'}, } }, ['russian'] = { ['header'] = nil, -- {{Infobox Chinese/Russian}}; doesn't use header ['t'] = { {'[[Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic|Scientific]]', 'scientific'}, {'[[Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic|Scientific]]', 'Scientific'}, {'[[ISO 9|ISO]]', 'iso'}, {'[[ISO 9|ISO]]', 'ISO'}, {'[[GOST 16876-71|GOST 71]]', 'gost'}, {'[[GOST 16876-71|GOST 71]]', 'GOST'}, {'[[BGN/PCGN romanization of Russian|BGN/PCGN]]', 'bgn/pcgn'}, {'[[BGN/PCGN romanization of Russian|BGN/PCGN]]', 'BGN/PGCN'}, } }, ['tibetan'] = { ['header'] = nil, -- {{Infobox Chinese/Tibetan}}; doesn't use header ['t'] = { {'[[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]', 'wylie'}, {'[[THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription|THL]]', 'thdl'}, {'[[Tibetan pinyin|Tibetan Pinyin]]', 'zwpy'}, {'[[Standard Tibetan|Lhasa]] [[Help:IPA/Tibetan|IPA]]', 'lhasa'}, } }, ['uyghur'] = { ['header'] = nil, -- {{Infobox Chinese/Uyghur}}; doesn't use header ['t'] = { {'[[Uyghur Latin alphabet|Latin Yëziqi]]', 'uly'}, {'[[Uyghur New Script|Yengi Yeziⱪ]]', 'uyy'}, {'[[SASM/GNC romanization#Uyghur|SASM/GNC]]', 'sgs'}, {'[[Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet|Siril Yëziqi]]', 'usy'}, {'Uyghur [[Wikipedia: IPA|IPA]]', 'uipa'}, } }, } --[[--------------------------< I B O X _ Z H Z H _ E N U M _ P A R A M S >------------------------------------ ]] local ibox_zhzh_enum_params = { -- 'p', 'hp', 'xej' are special case enum parameters 'c', 't', 's', 'l', 'tp', 'w', 'mi', 'myr', 'psp', 'myale', 'gr', 'bpmf', 'mps', 'zh-dungan', 'sic', 'y', 'j', 'sl', 'gd', 'hk', 'mo', 'ci', 'toi', 'gan', 'wgn', 'wuu', 'ouji', 'suz', 'wi', 'hsn', 'h', 'phfs', 'poj', 'tl', 'bp', 'buc', 'hhbuc', 'mblmc', 'teo', 'lizu', 'hain', 'mc', 'emc', 'lmc', 'oc-bs', 'oc-zz', 'oc-b92', -- only supported in the first ibox zhzh; why? 'lao', 'khm', 'tet' -- not supported by ibox zh/zh why are they here? } --[[--------------------------< Z H _ H D R _ N A M E S >------------------------------------------------------ this table fixes an oddity in the ibox zh/zh header name parameters. |chinese_header= for the first ibox zh/zh gets filled from |name1= but the second gets its name from |altname= and then the third from |altname3=. All of these parameter names should be replaced with |chinese_header= followed by |chinese_header2= ... like all of the other enumerated parameters ]] local zh_hdr_names = { [2] = {'altname', 'Alternative Chinese name'}, [3] = {'altname3', 'Second alternative Chinese name'}, [4] = {'altname4', 'Third alternative Chinese name'}, [5] = {'altname5', 'Fourth alternative Chinese name'}, [6] = {'altname6', 'Fifth alternative Chinese name'}, }; --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D T A B L E S >------------------------------------------------ ]] return { ibox_zhzh_enum_params = ibox_zhzh_enum_params, keys = keys, label_map = label_map, transl_map = transl_map, xscript = xscript, zh_hdr_names = zh_hdr_names, } 1tv77qebmer58wl5xpcwulbjrtiuo57 828 51197 306042 2026-08-27T14:11:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: --[[ TODO: all non-English text wrapped in {{lang}}? distinguish various scripts? Kanji is ja-Hani ... every child infobox should support translit / transcription parameter(s) every child infobox should have a literal meaning parameter revise parameter names to be IETF language code or obvious derivations thereof for error messaging create a separate ibox? else messages are not necessarily visible ]] require('strict'); local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Infobox multi... 306042 Scribunto text/plain --[[ TODO: all non-English text wrapped in {{lang}}? distinguish various scripts? Kanji is ja-Hani ... every child infobox should support translit / transcription parameter(s) every child infobox should have a literal meaning parameter revise parameter names to be IETF language code or obvious derivations thereof for error messaging create a separate ibox? else messages are not necessarily visible ]] require('strict'); local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Infobox multi-lingual name/data'); local lang_mod = require ('Module:Lang'); -- for various functions and templates provided by Module:Lang local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs; --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function is_set( var ) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end --[[--------------------------< A N Y _ S E T >---------------------------------------------------------------- Returns true if any member of the table is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function any_set (t) for _, v in pairs (t) do if is_set (v) then return true; end end return false; end --[[--------------------------< S H O W F L A G >-------------------------------------------------------------- This function handles the |showflag= parameter from the template {{Infobox Chinese}}. That template passes the value to {{Infobox Chinese/Chinese}} which calls this function. This function does not take any frame parameters but it does require a copy of the frame so that it can expand {{Infobox}}. All arguments used by this function come from the args table in the function call returns a child infobox or an empty string ]] local function showflag (frame, args) local show_flag = args.showflag; if not is_set (show_flag) then return ''; -- |showflag= not set so nothing to do; return empty string end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() infobox_args['child'] = 'yes'; -- showflag infoboxen are always children infobox_args['labelstyle'] = 'font-weight:normal'; -- and always have this label style if data.transl_map[show_flag] then local i=1; while (1) do local labeln = 'label' .. i; -- make label index that matches |labeln= parameter local datan = 'data' .. i; -- make data index that matches |datan= parameter if not data.transl_map[show_flag][labeln] then break; -- not found then done end infobox_args[labeln] = data.label_map[data.transl_map[show_flag][labeln]]; -- add |labeln=<label text / wikilink> infobox_args[datan] = args[data.transl_map[show_flag][datan]]; -- add |datan={{{data}}} i = i + 1; -- bump to next label / data pair end else return ''; -- |showflag= value invalid; TODO: return error message? end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ L A B E L _ D A T A _ P A I R >---------------------------------------- Adds a label parameter and matching data parameter to infobox arguments table; bumps the enumerator on return ]] local function add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, label, data, i) if is_set (data) then infobox_args['label' .. i] = label; -- make an enumerated label parameter infobox_args['data' .. i] = data; -- make an enumerated data parameter return i + 1; -- return bumped enumerator end return i; -- if here, no data so no need to add label or bump enumerator end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ T R A N S C R I P T I O N >-------------------------------------------- This function does that repetative work when assembling the parameter list for {{Infobox}} template inputs are: infobox_args - table of infobox parameters args - args table from the {{#invoke:}} frame idx - index into xscript table show - pseudo-boolean (true or nil) header display flag; when true display the header i - enumerator for {{infobox}} parameters |headern=, |labeln=, |datan=; in this application i continually increments; there are no gaps as there are in the original template lang - language code used by {{tlansl}} - must be valid IETF code returns i for the next time this function is called ]] local function add_transcription (infobox_args, args, idx, show, i, lang) local special_xscriptions_t = {['bpmf'] = '-Bopo', ['usy'] = '-Cyrl', ['xej'] = '-Arab', ['zh-dungan'] = '-Cyrl'}; -- list of transcriptions not transliterations; TODO move to ~/data? local special_ipa_t = {['bi'] = true, ['ci'] = true, ['ki'] = true, ['lhasa'] = true, ['li'] = true, ['mi'] = true, ['uipa'] = true,}; infobox_args['header' .. i] = show and data.xscript[idx].header; -- if headers are displayed i = i + 1; -- bump the enumerator for _, v in ipairs (data.xscript[idx].t) do -- each label / data pair in the xscript subtable if special_xscriptions_t[v[2]] then -- special cases for bopomofo, Siril Yëziqi which are transcriptions, not Latn transliterations i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, v[1], is_set (args[v[2]]) and lang_mod._lang ({lang .. special_xscriptions_t[v[2]], args[v[2]], italic = 'no'}), i); -- enumerator is bumped here elseif special_ipa_t[v[2]] then i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, v[1], args[v[2]], i); -- enumerator is bumped here else i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, v[1], is_set (args[v[2]]) and lang_mod._xlit ({lang, args[v[2]], italic = 'no'}), i); -- enumerator is bumped here end end return i; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< T R A N S C R I P T I O N S _ Z H >-------------------------------------------- transcriptions support for {{Infobox Chinese/Chinese}}. This function adds headers and label data pairs to infobox_arg table according to which parameters are set returns the enumerator in case it is needed ]] local function transcriptions_zh (infobox_args, args, show, i) if any_set ({args.p, args.bpmf, args.gr, args.w, args.tp, args.myr, args.mps, args.mi}) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'standard mandarin', show, i, 'zh'); end if any_set ({args.xej, args['zh-dungan'], args.sic}) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'other mandarin', show, i, 'zh'); end if any_set ({args.wgn, args.wuu, args.ouji, args.suz, args.wi}) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'wu', show, i, 'wuu'); end if is_set (args.gan) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'gan', show, i, 'gan'); end if is_set (args.hsn) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'xiang', show, i, 'hsn'); end if any_set ({args.h, args.phfs}) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'hakka', show, i, 'hak'); end if any_set ({args.y, args.ci, args.j, args.sl, args.gd, args.hk, args.mo}) then -- ???? sl, hk, mo not here in original; why? i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'yue cantonese', show, i, 'yue'); end if is_set (args.toi) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'other yue', show, i, 'yue'); end if any_set ({args.poj, args.tl, args.bp, args.teo, args.hain, args.lizu}) then -- ???? bp not here in original; why? i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'southern min', show, i, 'nan'); end if is_set (args.buc) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'eastern min', show, i, 'cdo'); end if is_set (args.hhbuc) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'pu-xian min', show, i, 'cpx'); end if is_set (args.mblmc) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'northern min', show, i, 'mnp'); end if is_set (args['phagspa-latin']) then -- phagspa is a script i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'old mandarin', show, i, 'zh'); end if any_set ({args.mc, args.emc, args.lmc}) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'middle chinese', show, i, 'ltc'); end if any_set ({args['oc-b92'], args['oc-bs'], args['oc-zz']}) then i = add_transcription (infobox_args, args, 'old chinese', show, i, 'och'); end return i; -- return current state of the enumerator end --[[--------------------------< T R A N S C R I P T I O N S >-------------------------------------------------- This function handles the transcription infobox called by various {{Infobox Chinese/xxx}}. Creates header and label / data pairs according to the presence of certain parameters provided to {{Infobox Chinese}} ]] local function transcriptions (frame, args, lang) if not args then args = frame.args; end local show = 'no' ~= args.hide or nil; -- make boolean-ish for controlling display of headers; |hide=no means show transcriptions without collapsed header local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() local i = 1; -- enumerator used with {{infobox}} |headern=, |labeln=, and |datan= parameters if show then infobox_args['subbox'] = 'yes'; infobox_args['above'] = 'Transcriptions'; else infobox_args['child'] = 'yes'; end infobox_args['bodyclass'] = 'mw-collapsible mw-collapsed'; infobox_args['bodystyle'] = 'display:inline-table; text-align: left;'; infobox_args['abovestyle'] = 'font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;'; -- TODO: #define various colors in a common config location; and function? infobox_args['headerstyle'] = 'color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;'; -- TODO: #define various colors in a common config location; and function? infobox_args['labelstyle'] = 'font-weight:normal;'; if 'zh' == lang then transcriptions_zh (infobox_args, args, show, i); -- special case because there are various headers etc else add_transcription (infobox_args, args, data.keys[lang], show, i, lang); end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); -- render the infobox and done end --[[--------------------------< I B O X _ B O I L E R P L A T E >---------------------------------------------- boilerplate style settings for the various child infoboxen (not for transcription infoboxen) because they are mostly the same child-infobox to child-infobox TODO: |headercolor= is set to its default color in {{Infobox Chinese}}. Better here than there isn't it? less maintenance headache when a default value is set in only one place; override in the highest level appropriate but leave the default here. in the higher-level template(s) remove |headercolor= default values ]] local function ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args) infobox_args['child'] = 'yes'; local h_color; if is_set (args.headercolor) then h_color = args.headercolor; else h_color = '#b0c4de' -- TODO: #define various colors in a common config location; and / or function? end infobox_args['headerstyle'] = 'color: #202122;background-color: ' .. h_color .. ';'; if is_set (args.fontstyle) then -- ???? |fontstyle= not a documented parameter; supported by {{Infobox Chinese/Korean}} and {{Infobox Chinese/Vietnamese}} infobox_args['labelstyle'] = 'font-weight:' .. fontstyle .. ';'; else infobox_args['labelstyle'] = 'font-weight:normal;'; end end --[[--------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ Z H >-------------------------------------------------------- bypasses {{Infobox Chinese/Chinese}} Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_zh}} ]] local function ibox_mln_zh (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args) if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.chinese_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.chinese_header or 'Chinese name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Chinese language|Chinese]]', is_set (args.c) and lang_mod._lang ({'zh-Hani', args.c, size = '1rem'}), i) if 'st' == args.order then i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified&nbsp;Chinese]]', is_set (args.s) and lang_mod._lang ({'zh-Hans', args.s, size = '1rem'}), i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional&nbsp;Chinese]]', is_set (args.t) and lang_mod._lang ({'zh-Hant', args.t, size = '1rem'}), i) else i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional&nbsp;Chinese]]', is_set (args.t) and lang_mod._lang ({'zh-Hant', args.t, size = '1rem'}), i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified&nbsp;Chinese]]', is_set (args.s) and lang_mod._lang ({'zh-Hans', args.s, size = '1rem'}), i) end if is_set (args.phagspa) then -- ???? this parameter isn't passed from {{Infobox Chinese}} to {{infobox Chinese/Chinese}} i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[\'Phags-pa script]]', frame:expandTemplate ({title='Phagspa', args = {'h', args.phagspa, args['phagspa-latin'], size = 12}}), i) end infobox_args['data' .. i] = showflag (frame, args); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() i = i + 1; -- ???? why is this transliteration here and not part of the transcription list? i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Chinese postal romanization|Postal]]', is_set (args.psp) and args.psp or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.l) and args.l or nil, i) if 'no' == args.hide then infobox_args['rowstyle' .. i] = 'display:none;'; infobox_args['rowcellstyle' .. i] = 'display:none;'; end if any_set ({args.c, args.t, args.p, args.s, args.phagspa}) then -- ???? phagspa not passed into {{infobox Chinese/Chinese}} Why? infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'zh'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ A R >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Arabic}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Arabic}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_ar}} Template:Infobox_Arabic_term/testcases TODO: standardize on lowercase parameter names for transcriptions ]] local function ibox_mln_ar (frame, args) if not args then args = getArgs (frame); --, {removeBlanks = false}? end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.arabic_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.arabic_header or 'Arabic name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Arabic]]', is_set (args.arabic) and args.arabic or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Romanization of Arabic|Romanization]]', is_set (args.arabic_rom) and args.arabic_rom or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Help:IPA for Arabic|IPA]]', is_set (args.arabic_ipa) and args.arabic_ipa or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.arabic_lit) and args.arabic_lit or nil, i) if any_set ({args.chat, args.Chat, args['ala-lc'], args['ALA-LC'], args.iso, args.ISO, args.din, args.DIN}) then infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'ar'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ B L A N K >--------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Blank}} Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_blank}} ]] local function ibox_mln_blank (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); local ietf_tag = lang_mod._is_ietf_tag (args.lang); local name_from_tag = ietf_tag and lang_mod._name_from_tag ({args.lang}) or nil; if 'none' ~= args.lang_hdr and 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.blank_header then if is_set (args.lang_hdr) or is_set (args.header) or is_set (args.blank_header) then -- if one of these infobox_args['header1'] = args.lang_hdr or args.header or args.blank_header; -- make a header from it elseif ietf_tag then infobox_args['header1'] = name_from_tag .. ' name'; -- make a header from the language name else infobox_args['header1'] = args.lang .. ' name'; -- not a code so use whatever text is in {{{lang}}} end end local i = 2; local label; local data; if name_from_tag then if is_set (args.lang_article) then label = table.concat ({ -- make a linked label from provided article name '[[', args.lang_article, '|', args.lang_label or name_from_tag, ']]' }); else label = args.lang_label or lang_mod._name_from_tag ({args.lang, ['link'] = 'yes'}) -- let lang module make the correct linked label end data = lang_mod._lang ({args.lang, args.lang_content}); else label = args.lang_label or args.lang; -- fall back data = args.lang_content; end i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, label, data, i); if is_set (args.lang_rom) and ietf_tag then i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, args.lang_std or 'Romanization', lang_mod._xlit ({args.lang, args.lang_rom}), i); end i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'IPA', args.lang_ipa, i); i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', args.lang_lit, i); return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ B O >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Tibetan}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Tibetan}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_bo}} ]] local function ibox_mln_bo (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.tibetan_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.tibetan_header or 'Tibetan name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Tibetan alphabet|Tibetan]]', is_set (args.tib) and frame:expandTemplate ({title='Bo-textonly', args = {lang = 'bo', args.tib}}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.literal_tibetan) and args.literal_tibetan or nil, i) if any_set ({args.wylie, args.thdl, args.zwpy, args.lhasa}) then infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'bo'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ D N G >------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Dunganese}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Dunganese}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_dng}} ]] local function ibox_mln_dng (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.dunganese_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.dunganese_header or 'Dunganese name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Dungan language|Dungan]]', is_set (args.dungan) and args.dungan or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Xiao\'erjing]]', is_set (args['dungan-xej']) and args['dungan-xej'] or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Romanization]]', is_set (args['dungan-latin']) and args['dungan-latin'] or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hanzi]]', is_set (args['dungan-han']) and args['dungan-han'] or nil, i) return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ H O K K I E N >----------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Hokkien}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Hokkien}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_hokkien}} Template:Infobox Hokkien name/testcases ]] local function ibox_mln_hokkien (frame, args) if not args then args = getArgs (frame); --, {removeBlanks = false}? end local show = 'no' ~= args.hide or nil; -- make boolean-ish for controlling display of headers; |hide=no means show transcriptions without collapsed header local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.hokkien_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.hokkien_header or 'Hokkien name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hàn-jī]]', is_set (args.hanji) and lang_mod._lang ({'nan', args.hanji, size = '115%'}) or nil, i); i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]]', is_set (args.poj) and lang_mod._lang ({'nan', args.poj, size = '115%'}) or nil, i); i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hàn-lô]]', is_set (args.hanlo) and lang_mod._lang ({'nan', args.hanlo, size = '115%'}) or nil, i); i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.lm) and args.lm or nil, i) if show then if any_set ({args.tl, args.bp, args.hokkienipa}) then infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'hokkien'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end else i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Taiwanese Romanization System|Tâi-lô]]', is_set (args.tl) and args.tl or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Bbánlám pìngyīm|Bbánpìng]]', is_set (args.bp) and args.bp or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Help:IPA for Hokkien|IPA]]', is_set (args.hokkienipa) and args.hokkienipa or nil, i) end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ J A >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Japanese}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Japanese}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_ja}} ]] local function ibox_mln_ja (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.japanese_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.japanese_header or 'Japanese name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Kanji]]', is_set (args.kanji) and lang_mod._lang ({'ja', args.kanji}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Kana]]', is_set (args.kana) and lang_mod._lang ({'ja', args.kana}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hiragana]]', is_set (args.hiragana) and lang_mod._lang ({'ja', args.hiragana}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Katakana]]', is_set (args.katakana) and lang_mod._lang ({'ja', args.katakana}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Kyūjitai]]', is_set (args.kyujitai) and lang_mod._lang ({'ja', args.kyujitai}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Shinjitai]]', is_set (args.shinjitai) and lang_mod._lang ({'ja', args.shinjitai}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.lja) and lang_mod._lang ({'ja', args.lja}) or nil, i) if any_set ({args.romaji, args.revhep, args.tradhep, args.kunrei, args.nihon}) then infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'ja'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ K O >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Korean}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Korean}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_ko}} ]] local function ibox_mln_ko (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local show = 'no' ~= args.hide or nil; -- make boolean-ish for controlling display of headers; |hide=no means show transcriptions without collapsed header local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.korean_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.korean_header or 'Korean name'; end local i = 2; if 'yes' == args.northkorea then i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hangul|Chosŏn\'gŭl]]', is_set (args.hangul) and lang_mod._lang ({'ko', args.hangul, size = '1rem'}) or nil, i) elseif 'old' == args.northkorea then i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hunminjeongeum]]', is_set (args.hangul) and lang_mod._lang ({'ko', args.hangul, size = '1rem'}) or nil, i) else i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hangul]]', is_set (args.hangul) and lang_mod._lang ({'ko', args.hangul, size = '1rem'}) or nil, i) end if 'yes' == args.northkorea then i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hanja|Hancha]]', is_set (args.hanja) and lang_mod._lang ({'ko', args.hanja, size = '1rem'}) or nil, i) else i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hanja]]', is_set (args.hanja) and lang_mod._lang ({'ko', args.hanja, size = '1rem'}) or nil, i) end i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.lk) and args.lk or nil, i) if show then if any_set ({args.mr, args.rr}) then infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'ko'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end else i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Revised Romanization of Korean|Revised Romanization]]', is_set (args.rr) and lang_mod._xlit ({'ko', 'rr', args.rr}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[McCune–Reischauer]]', is_set (args.mr) and lang_mod._xlit ({'ko', 'mr', args.mr}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Help:IPA/Korean|IPA]]', is_set (args.koreanipa) and args.koreanipa or nil, i) end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ M N >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Mongolian}} (Note template does not exist but should be created at {{Infobox Mongolian}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_mn}} ]] local function ibox_mln_mn (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.mongolian_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.mongolian_header or 'Mongolian name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Mongolian Cyrillic script|Mongolian Cyrillic]]', is_set (args.mon) and lang_mod._lang ({'mn', args.mon}) or nil, i) -- i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]', -- TODO: weird construct in original template; is this one required? -- is_set (args.mong) and lang_mod._lang ({'mn', frame:expandTemplate ({title='MongolUnicode', args = {args.mong}}) }) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Mongolian script]]', is_set (args.mong) and lang_mod._lang ({'mn', frame:expandTemplate ({title='MongolUnicode', args = {args.mong}}) }) or nil, i) if is_set (args.monr) then infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'mn'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ M N C >------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Manchu}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Manchu}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_mnc}} ]] local function ibox_mln_mnc (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.manchu_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.manchu_header or 'Manchu name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Manchu alphabet|Manchu script]]', is_set (args.mnc) and frame:expandTemplate ({title='ManchuSibeUnicode', args = {lang='mnc', args.mnc}}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Transliterations of Manchu|Romanization]]', is_set (args.mnc_rom) and args.mnc_rom or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Transliterations of Manchu|Abkai]]', is_set (args.mnc_a) and args.mnc_a or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Transliterations of Manchu|Möllendorff]]', is_set (args.mnc_v) and args.mnc_v or nil, i) return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ M Y >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Burmese}} (Note template doesn't exist but should be created at {{Infobox Burmese}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_my}} ]] local function ibox_mln_my (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.burmese_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.burmese_header or 'Burmese name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Burmese language|Burmese]]', is_set (args.my) and lang_mod._lang ({'my', args.my}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Wikipedia:IPA_for_Burmese|IPA]]', is_set (args.bi) and args.bi or nil, i) return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ R U >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Russian}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Russian}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_ru}} ]] local function ibox_mln_ru (frame, args) if not args then args = getArgs (frame); end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.russian_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.russian_header or 'Russian name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Russian language|Russian]]', is_set (args.rus) and lang_mod._lang ({'ru', args.rus}) or nil, i); i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Romanization of Russian|Romanization]]', is_set (args.rusr) and lang_mod._lang ({'ru-Latn', args.rusr}) or nil, i); --TODO: use transl instead? i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Wikipedia:IPA for Russian|IPA]]', is_set (args.rusipa) and args.rusipa or nil, i); i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.ruslit) and args.ruslit or nil, i); if any_set ({args.scientific, args.Scientific, args.iso, args.ISO, args.gost, args.GOST, args['bgn/pcgn'], args['BGN/PCGN']}) then infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'ru'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ T H >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Thai}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Thai}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_th}} ]] local function ibox_mln_th (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.thai_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.thai_header or 'Thai name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Thai language|Thai]]', (is_set (args.th) or is_set (args.tha)) and lang_mod._lang ({'th', args.th or args.tha}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]', is_set (args.rtgs) and lang_mod._xlit ({'th', 'rtgs', args.rtgs}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Romanization', is_set (args.rom) and lang_mod._xlit ({'th', args.rom}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]', is_set (args.ipa) and args.ipa, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.lit) and args.lit, i) return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ U G >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Uyghur}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Uyghur}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_ug}} ]] local function ibox_mln_ug (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.uyghur_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.uyghur_header or 'Uyghur name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]', is_set (args.uig) and frame:expandTemplate ({title='ug-textonly', args = {args.uig}}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.lu) and args.lu or nil, i) if any_set ({args.uly, args.uyy, args.sgs, args.usy, args.uipa}) then infobox_args['data' .. i] = transcriptions (frame, args, 'ug'); -- needs frame so that it can frame:expandTemplate() end return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ V I >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Vietnamese}} (Note template has been moved to {{Infobox Vietnamese}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_vi}} ]] local function ibox_mln_vi (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.vietnamese_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.vietnamese_header or 'Vietnamese name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]', is_set (args.vie) and lang_mod._lang ({'vi', args.vie}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Vietnamese alphabet]]', is_set (args.qn) and lang_mod._lang ({'vi', args.qn}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Hán-Nôm]]', is_set (args.hn) and lang_mod._lang ({'vi-Hani', args.hn}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Chữ Hán]]', is_set (args.chuhan) and lang_mod._lang ({'vi-Hani', args.chuhan}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Chữ Nôm]]', is_set (args.chunom) and lang_mod._lang ({'vi-Hani', args.chunom}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, 'Literal meaning', is_set (args.lqn) and args.lqn or nil, i) return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ Z A >--------------------------------------------------------- implements {{Infobox Chinese/Zhuang}} (Note template doesn't exist and should be created at {{Infobox Zhuang}}) Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_za}} ]] local function ibox_mln_za (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() ibox_boilerplate (infobox_args, args); if 'none' ~= args.header and 'none' ~= args.zhuang_header then infobox_args['header1'] = args.header or args.zhuang_header or 'Zhuang name'; end local i = 2; i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Zhuang language|Zhuang]]', is_set (args.zha) and ('<span lang="za" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, sans-serif;">' .. args.zha .. '</span>') or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Zhuang language|1957 orthography]]', is_set (args.zha57) and lang_mod._lang ({'za', args.zha57}) or nil, i) i = add_label_data_pair (infobox_args, '[[Sawndip]]', is_set (args.sd) and lang_mod._lang ({'za-Hani', args.sd}) or nil, i) return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ H E A D E R >------------------------------------------------- bypasses {{Infobox Chinese/Header}} Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_header}} ]] local function ibox_mln_header (frame, args) if not args then args = getArgs (frame); end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() infobox_args['decat'] = 'yes'; infobox_args['child'] = is_set (args.child) and args.child or 'yes'; -- infobox_args['bodystyle'] = is_set (args.float) and 'float: left; clear: left; margin: 0 1em 1em 0;' or nil; -- infobox_args['bodyclass'] = is_set (args.collapse) and ('collapsible' .. ('yes' == args.collapse and ' collapsed' or '')) or nil; local h_color; if is_set (args.headercolor) then h_color = args.headercolor; else h_color = '#b0c4de' -- TODO: #define various colors in a common config location; and function? end -- infobox_args['subheaderstyle'] = 'font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color:' .. h_color .. ';'; -- infobox_args['subheader'] = is_set (args.title) and args.title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text; infobox_args['image'] = frame:callParserFunction ({name = '#invoke:InfoboxImage', args = { 'InfoboxImage', image = args.pic, sizedefault = 'frameless', size = args.picsize, upright = args.picupright, alt = args.picalt or args.pictooltip } }); infobox_args['caption'] = is_set (args.piccap) and args.piccap or nil; infobox_args['image2'] = frame:callParserFunction ({name = '#invoke:InfoboxImage', args = { 'InfoboxImage', image = args.pic2, sizedefault = 'frameless', size = args.picsize2, upright = args.picupright2, alt = args.picalt2 or args.pictooltip2 } }); infobox_args['caption2'] = is_set (args.piccap2) and args.piccap2 or nil; infobox_args['headerstyle'] = 'color: #202122;background-color:' .. h_color; infobox_args['headerstyle'] = 'width: 50%; white-space: nowrap'; -- always display the background of the image in light mode, see -- [[Template_talk:Infobox_Chinese#Issue_in_dark_mode_or_inappropriate_use_of_infobox]] -- FIXME: define new names for image arguments and migrate existing uses -- to those names, so that we can use skin-invert instead for characters infobox_args['imagestyle'] = 'color: var(--color-base,#202122);background-color: var(--background-color-base,#ffffff);'; -- infobox_args['imageclass'] = 'notheme' return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ M L N _ F O O T E R >------------------------------------------------- bypasses {{Infobox Chinese/Footer}} Module entry point {{#invoke:Infobox multi-lingual name|ibox_mln_footer}} ]] local function ibox_mln_footer (frame, args) if not args then args = frame.args; end local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for frame:expandTemplate() infobox_args['decat'] = 'yes'; infobox_args['child'] = is_set (args.child) and args.child or 'yes'; infobox_args['bodystyle'] = ''; -- present in wikisource template but not assigned a value there infobox_args['below'] = args.footnote; return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_args}); end --[[-------------------------< I B O X _ Z H Z H _ E N U M _ P A R A M S _ G E T >---------------------------- ]] local function ibox_zhzh_enum_params_get (args, i) local ibox_args = {}; local count = 0; -- counts how many args got added to ibox_args {} for _, v in ipairs (data.ibox_zhzh_enum_params) do -- add enumerated parameters if args[v .. i] then -- only when there is an assigned value ibox_args[v] = args[v .. i]; -- add count = count + 1; -- and tally end end return 0 ~= count and ibox_args or nil; -- if table is empty return nil as a flag end --[[--------------------------< A R >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< A R A B I C >---- ]] local function ar (frame, args) if is_set ({args.arabic, args.arabic_rom, args.arabic_ipa, args.arabic_lit}) then local ibox_args = { ['arabic_header'] = args['arabic_header'] or 'Arabic name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['arabic'] = args.arabic, ['arabic_rom'] = args.arabic_rom, ['arabic_ipa'] = args.arabic_ipa, ['arabic_lit'] = args.arabic_lit or args['literal meaning'], -- 'literal meaning' is from {{Infobox Arabic term}}; itis param name a good idea? TODO: unify parameter names ['chat'] = args.chat or args.Chat, -- TODO: unify parameter names ['ala-lc'] = args['ala-lc'] or args['ALA-LC'], -- TODO: unify parameter names ['iso'] = args.iso or args.ISO, -- TODO: unify parameter names ['din'] = args.din or args.DIN -- TODO: unify parameter names } return ibox_mln_ar (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< A S >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< A S S A M E S E >---- ]] local function as (frame, args) if args.as or args.asm then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['as-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'as', ['lang_content'] = args.as or args.asm, ['lang_ipa'] = args['as-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['as-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['as-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['as-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< B N >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< B E N G A L I >---- ]] local function bn (frame, args) if args.bn or args.ben then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['bn-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'bn', ['lang_content'] = args.bn or args.ben, ['lang_ipa'] = args['bn-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['bn-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['bn-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['bn-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< B O >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< T I B E T A N >---- ]] local function bo (frame, args) if any_set ({args.tib, args.wylie, args.thdl, args.zwpy, args.lhasa}) then local ibox_args = { ['tibetan_header'] = args['tibetan_header'] or 'Tibetan name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['tib'] = args.tib, ['wylie'] = args.wylie, ['thdl'] = args.thdl, ['zwpy'] = args.zwpy, ['lhasa'] = args.lhasa, } return ibox_mln_bo (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< D N G >------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----< D U N G A N E S E >---- ]] local function dng (frame, args) if any_set ({args.dungan, args['dungan-xej'], args['dungan-han']}) then local ibox_args = { ['dunganese_header'] = args['dunganese_header'] or 'Dunganese name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['dungan'] = args.dungan, ['dungan-xej'] = args['dungan-xej'], ['dungan-han'] = args['dungan-han'], ['dungan-latin'] = args['dungan-latin'], } return ibox_mln_dng (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< H I >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< H I N D I >---- ]] local function hi (frame, args) if args.hi or args.hin then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['hi-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'hi', ['lang_content'] = args.hi or args.hin, ['lang_ipa'] = args['hi-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['hi-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['hi-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['hi-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< I D >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< I N D O N E S I A N >---- ]] local function id (frame, args) if args.id or args.ind then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['id-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'id', ['lang_content'] = args.id or args.ind, ['lang_ipa'] = args['id-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['id-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['id-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['id-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< J A >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< J A P A N E S E >---- ]] local function ja (frame, args) local children = {}; if any_set ({args.kanji, args.kana, args.hiragana, args.katakana, args.kyujitai, args.shinjitai, args.lja}) then local ibox_args = { ['japanese_header'] = args['japanese_header'] or 'Japanese name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['kanji'] = args.kanji, ['kyujitai'] = args.kyujitai, ['shinjitai'] = args.shinjitai, ['kana'] = args.kana, ['hiragana'] = args.hiragana, ['katakana'] = args.katakana, ['romaji'] = args.romaji, ['revhep'] = args.revhep, ['tradhep'] = args.tradhep, ['kunrei'] = args.kunrei, ['nihon'] = args.nihon, ['lja'] = args.lja } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ja (frame, ibox_args)); end for i=2, 6 do if any_set ({args['kanji'..i], args['kana'..i], args['hiragana'..i], args['katakana'..i], args['kyujitai'..i], args['shinjitai'..i], args['lja'..i]}) then local ibox_args = { ['japanese_header'] = args['japanese_header'..i] or 'Alternative Japanese name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['kanji'] = args['kanji'..i], ['kyujitai'] = args['kyujitai'..i], ['shinjitai'] = args['shinjitai'..i], ['kana'] = args['kana'..i], ['hiragana'] = args['hiragana'..i], ['katakana'] = args['katakana'..i], ['romaji'] = args['romaji'..i], ['revhep'] = args['revhep'..i], ['tradhep'] = args['tradhep'..i], ['kunrei'] = args['kunrei'..i], ['nihon'] = args['nihon'..i], ['lja'] = args['lja'..i] } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ja (frame, ibox_args)); end end return table.concat (children) or ''; -- big string of ja infoboxen or an empty string if nothing was done here end --[[--------------------------< K M >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< K H M E R >---- ]] local function km (frame, args) if args.km or args.khm then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['km-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'km', ['lang_content'] = args.km or args.khm, ['lang_ipa'] = args['km-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['km-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['km-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['km-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< K O 1 >------------------------------------------------------------------------ TODO: handle ko same way as enumerated zh? ----< K O R E A N (1) >---- ]] local function ko1 (frame, args) local children = {}; if any_set ({args.hanja, args.hangul}) then local ibox_args = { ['korean_header'] = args['korean_header'] or 'Korean name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['hangul'] = args.hangul, ['hanja'] = args.hanja, ['rr'] = args.rr, ['mr'] = args.mr, ['northkorea'] = args.northkorea, ['lk'] = args.lk, } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ko (frame, ibox_args)); end for i=2, 6 do if any_set ({args['hanja'..i], args['hangul'..i]}) then local ibox_args = { ['korean_header'] = args['korean_header'..i] or 'Alternative Korean name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args['hide'], ['hangul'] = args['hangul'..i], ['hanja'] = args['hanja'..i], ['rr'] = args['rr'..i], ['mr'] = args['mr'..i], ['northkorea'] = args['northkorea'..i], ['lk'] = args['lk'..i], } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ko (frame, ibox_args)); end end return table.concat (children) or ''; end --[[--------------------------< K O 2 >------------------------------------------------------------------------ TODO: handle ko same way as enumerated zh? ----< K O R E A N (2) >---- ]] local function ko2 (frame, args) local children = {}; if any_set ({args.cnhanja, args.cnhangul}) then local ibox_args = { ['korean_header'] = args['cnkorean_header'] or '[[Korean language in China|Chinese Korean]] name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['hangul'] = args.cnhangul, ['hanja'] = args.cnhanja, ['rr'] = args.cnrr, ['mr'] = args.cnmr, ['northkorea'] = 'yes', ['lk'] = args.cnlk, } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ko (frame, ibox_args)); end for i=2, 6 do if any_set ({args['cnhanja'..i], args['cnhangul'..i]}) then local ibox_args = { ['korean_header'] = args['cnkorean_header'..i] or 'Alternative [[Korean language in China|Chinese Korean]] namee', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args['hide'], ['hangul'] = args['cnhangul'..i], ['hanja'] = args['cnhanja'..i], ['rr'] = args['cnrr'..i], ['mr'] = args['cnmr'..i], ['northkorea'] = 'yes', ['lk'] = args['cnlk'..i], } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ko (frame, ibox_args)); end end return table.concat (children) or ''; end --[[--------------------------< K O 3 >------------------------------------------------------------------------ TODO: handle ko same way as enumerated zh? ----< K O R E A N (3) >---- ]] local function ko3 (frame, args) local children = {}; if any_set ({args.nkhanja, args.nkhangul}) then local ibox_args = { ['korean_header'] = args['nkkorean_header'] or 'North Korean name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['hangul'] = args.nkhangul, ['hanja'] = args.nkhanja, ['rr'] = args.nkrr, ['mr'] = args.nkmr, ['northkorea'] = 'yes', ['lk'] = args.nklk, } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ko (frame, ibox_args)); end for i=2, 6 do if any_set ({args['nkhanja'..i], args['nkhangul'..i]}) then local ibox_args = { ['korean_header'] = args['nkkorean_header'..i] or 'Alternative North Korean name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args['hide'], ['hangul'] = args['nkhangul'..i], ['hanja'] = args['nkhanja'..i], ['rr'] = args['nkrr'..i], ['mr'] = args['nkmr'..i], ['northkorea'] = 'yes', ['lk'] = args['nklk'..i], } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ko (frame, ibox_args)); end end return table.concat (children) or ''; end --[[--------------------------< K O 4 >------------------------------------------------------------------------ TODO: handle ko same way as enumerated zh? ----< K O R E A N (4) >---- ]] local function ko4 (frame, args) local children = {}; if any_set ({args.skhanja, args.skhangul}) then local ibox_args = { ['korean_header'] = args['skkorean_header'] or 'South Korean name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['hangul'] = args.skhangul, ['hanja'] = args.skhanja, ['rr'] = args.skrr, ['mr'] = args.skmr, ['northkorea'] = nil, ['lk'] = args.sklk, } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ko (frame, ibox_args)); end for i=2, 6 do if any_set ({args['skhanja'..i], args['skhangul'..i]}) then local ibox_args = { ['korean_header'] = args['skkorean_header'..i] or 'Alternative South Korean name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args['hide'], ['hangul'] = args['skhangul'..i], ['hanja'] = args['skhanja'..i], ['rr'] = args['skrr'..i], ['mr'] = args['skmr'..i], ['northkorea'] = nil, ['lk'] = args['sklk'..i], } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_ko (frame, ibox_args)); end end return table.concat (children) or ''; end --[[--------------------------< L O >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< L A O >---- ]] local function lo (frame, args) if args.lo or args.lao then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['lo-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'lo', ['lang_content'] = args.lo or args.lao, ['lang_ipa'] = args['lo-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['lo-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['lo-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['lo-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< M N >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< M O N G O L I A N >---- ]] local function mn (frame, args) if any_set ({args.mong, args.mon}) then local ibox_args = { ['mongolian_header'] = args['mongolian_header'] or 'Mongolian name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['mon'] = args.mon, ['mong'] = args.mong, ['monr'] = args.monr, } return ibox_mln_mn (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< M N C >------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----< M A N C H U >---- ]] local function mnc (frame, args) if any_set ({args.mnc_rom, args.mnc}) then local ibox_args = { ['manchu_header'] = args['manchu_header'] or 'Manchu name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['mnc'] = args.mnc, ['mnc_rom'] = args.mnc_rom, ['mnc_a'] = args.mnc_a, ['mnc_v'] = args.mnc_v, } return ibox_mln_mnc (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< M S >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< M A L A Y >---- ]] local function ms (frame, args) if args.ms or args.msa then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['ms-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'ms', ['lang_content'] = args.ms or args.msa, ['lang_ipa'] = args['ms-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['ms-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['ms-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['ms-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< M Y >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< B U R M E S E >---- ]] local function my (frame, args) if args.my then local ibox_args = { ['burmese_header'] = args['burmese_header'] or 'Burmese name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['my'] = args.my, ['bi'] = args.bi, } return ibox_mln_my (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< N E >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< N E P A L I >---- ]] local function ne (frame, args) if args.ne or args.nep then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['ne-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'ne', ['lang_content'] = args.ne or args.nep, ['lang_ipa'] = args['ne-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['ne-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['ne-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['ne-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< P I >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< P A L I >---- ]] local function pi (frame, args) if args.pi or args.pli then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['pi-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'pi', ['lang_content'] = args.pi or args.pli, ['lang_ipa'] = args['pi-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['pi-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['pi-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['pi-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< P T >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< P O R T U G U E S E >---- ]] local function pt (frame, args) if args.pt or args.por then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['pt-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'pt', ['lang_lbl'] = args['pt-label'], ['lang_content'] = args.pt or args.por, ['lang_ipa'] = args['pt-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['pt-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['pt-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['pt-lit'], ['lang_lit'] = args['pt-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< P R A >------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----< P R A K R I T >---- ]] local function pra (frame, args) if args.pra then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['pra-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'pra', ['lang_content'] = args.pra, ['lang_ipa'] = args['pra-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['pra-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['pra-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['pra-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< R U >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< R U S S I A N >---- ]] local function ru (frame, args) if any_set ({args.rus, args.russian}) then -- TODO: unify parameter names local ibox_args = { ['russian_header'] = args['russian_header'] or 'Russian name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['rus'] = args.rus or args.russian, ['rusr'] = args.rusr, ['rusipa'] = args.rusipa or args['native pronunciation'], -- TODO: unify parameter names ['ruslit'] = args.ruslit or args['literal meaning'], -- TODO: unify parameter names ['scientific'] = args.scientific, ['iso'] = args.iso, ['gost'] = args.gost, ['bgn/pcgn'] = args['bgn/pcgn'], } return ibox_mln_ru (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< S A >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< S A N S K R I T >---- ]] local function sa (frame, args) if args.sa or args.san then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['sa-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'sa', ['lang_content'] = args.sa or args.san, ['lang_ipa'] = args['sa-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['sa-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['sa-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['sa-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< T A >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< T A M I L >---- ]] local function ta (frame, args) if args.ta or args.tam then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['ta-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'ta', ['lang_content'] = args.ta or args.tam, ['lang_ipa'] = args['ta-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['ta-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['ta-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['ta-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< T E T >------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----< T E T U M >---- ]] local function tet (frame, args) if args.tet then local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['tet-hdr'], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'tet', ['lang_content'] = args.tet, ['lang_ipa'] = args['tet-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['tet-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['tet-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['tet-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< T H >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< T H A I >---- ]] local function th (frame, args) if args.th or args.tha then local ibox_args = { ['thai_header'] = args['thai_header'] or 'Thai name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['header'] = args['th-hdr'], ['th'] = args.th or args.tha, ['rtgs'] = args.rtgs, ['ipa'] = args['th-ipa'], ['rom'] = args['th-rom'], ['std'] = args['th-std'], ['lit'] = args['th-lit'], } return ibox_mln_th (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< T L >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< F I L I P I N O >---- ]] local function tl (frame, args) -- if args.tl or args.tgl then if args.tgl then local ibox_args = { -- ['blank_header'] = 'Filipino name', ['lang_hdr'] = args['tl-hdr'] or 'Filipino name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = 'tl', -- ['lang_content'] = args.tl or args.tgl, -- tl is used for Taiwanese Romanization System of Hokkien ['lang_content'] = args.tgl, ['lang_ipa'] = args['tl-ipa'], ['lang_rom'] = args['tl-rom'], ['lang_std'] = args['tl-std'], ['lang_lit'] = args['tl-lit'], } return ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< U G >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< U Y G H U R >---- ]] local function ug (frame, args) if args.uig then local ibox_args = { ['uyghur_header'] = args['uyghur_header'] or 'Uyghur name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['uig'] = args.uig, ['lu'] = args.lu, ['uly'] = args.uly, ['uyy'] = args.uyy, ['sgs'] = args.sgs, ['usy'] = args.usy, ['uipa'] = args.uipa, } return ibox_mln_ug (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< V I >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< V I E T N A M E S E >---- ]] local function vi (frame, args) if any_set ({args.qn, args.vie, args.chuhan}) then local ibox_args = { ['vietnamese_header'] = args['vietnamese_header'] or 'Vietnamese name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['vie'] = args.vie, ['qn'] = args.qn, ['hn'] = args.hn, ['chuhan'] = args.chuhan, ['chunom'] = args.chunom, ['lqn'] = args.lqn, } return ibox_mln_vi (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< Z A >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----< Z H U A N G >---- ]] local function za (frame, args) if args.zha then local ibox_args = { ['zhuang_header'] = args['zhuang_header'] or 'Zhuang name', ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['hide'] = args.hide, ['zha'] = args.zha, ['zha57'] = args.zha57, ['sd'] = args.sd, } return ibox_mln_za (frame, ibox_args); end end --[[--------------------------< Z H >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------< C H I N E S E >---------- ]] local function zh (frame, args) local children = {}; if any_set ({args.c, args.t, args.p, args.s}) then -- first infobox zh/zh local ibox_args = ibox_zhzh_enum_params_get (args, ''); -- get the enumerated parameters (here enumerator is empty string) if ibox_args then ibox_args['hide'] = args.hide; ibox_args['showflag'] = args.showflag; ibox_args['order'] = args.order; ibox_args['p'] = args.p or args.hp; -- add special case parameters ibox_args['xej'] = args.xej and lang_mod._lang ({'zh-Arab', args.xej}); if 'yes' == args.child then ibox_args['chinese_header'] = args['chinese_header'] or args.name1; -- show the header name from parameter or default name from ibox_mln_zh() elseif any_set ({ -- when any of these are set there will be other child infoboxen so ... args.hangul, args.hanja, args.kana, args.kanji, args.hiragana, args.katakana, args.kyujitai, args.shinjitai, args.tam, args.hin, args.san, args.pli, args.tgl, args.msa, args.mnc, args.mon, args.mong, args.por, args.rus, args.tha, args.tib, args.qn, args.uig, args.vie, args.chuhan, args.chunom, args.hn, args.zha, args['dungan-xej'], args.dungan, args.lao, args.khm, args.tet, args.lang1, args.lang2, args.lang3, args.lang4, args.lang5, args.lang6, args.lang7, args.lang8, args.lang9, args.lang10, args.lang11, }) then ibox_args['chinese_header'] = args['chinese_header'] or args.name1; -- ... show the header name from parameter or default name from ibox_mln_zh() else ibox_args['chinese_header'] = args['chinese_header'] or args.name1 or 'none'; -- show the header name from parameter or no header (args.name1 missing or 'empty' - nil) end ibox_args['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor; table.insert (children, ibox_mln_zh (frame, ibox_args)); end end for i=2, 6 do if any_set ({args['c'..i], args['t'..i], args['p'..i], args['s'..i]}) then local ibox_args = ibox_zhzh_enum_params_get (args, i); -- get the enumerated parameters if ibox_args then ibox_args['hide'] = args.hide; ibox_args['showflag'] = args.showflag; ibox_args['order'] = args.order; ibox_args['p'] = args['p'..i] or args['hp'..i]; -- add special case parameters ibox_args['xej'] = args['xej'..i] and lang_mod._lang ({'zh-Arab', args['xej'..i]}); if args[data.zh_hdr_names[i][1]] then ibox_args['chinese_header'] = args[data.zh_hdr_names[i][1]]; -- use value from parameter else ibox_args['chinese_header'] = args['chinese_header'..i] or data.zh_hdr_names[i][2]; -- use the default end ibox_args['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor; table.insert (children, ibox_mln_zh (frame, ibox_args)); end end end return table.concat (children) or ''; -- big string of zh infoboxen or an empty string if nothing was done here end --[[==========================<< I B O X _ M L N >>============================================================ implements {{Infobox Chinese}} TODO: do a valueFunc () on getArgs() so that when they are blank we acknowledge the blank (|name1= present with empty string or whitespace as assigned value) ]] local function ibox_mln (frame) local args = getArgs(frame); -- also gets parent frame params (there are no frame params for this function) TODO:, {removeBlanks = false}? local infobox_args = {}; -- table to hold arguments for ibox_mln frame:expandTemplate() local children = {}; -- table of returned infoboxen text ----------< H E A D E R I N F O B O X >---------- infobox_args['child'] = args.child; infobox_args['rowstyle1'] = 'display:none;'; if 'yes' ~= args.child then local hdr_args = { ['title'] = args.title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text:gsub ('%s+%b()$', ''); -- mimic {{PAGENAMEBASE}} (template not magic word) ['headercolor'] = args.headercolor, ['float'] = args.float, ['collapse'] = args.collapse, ['pic'] = args.pic or args.image, -- TODO: unify parameter names ['picsize'] = args.picsize or args.imgwidth, -- TODO: unify parameter names ['picupright'] = args.picupright, ['picalt'] = args.picalt, ['pictooltip'] = args.pictooltip, ['piccap'] = args.piccap or args.caption, -- TODO: unify parameter names ['pic2'] = args.pic2, ['picsize2'] = args.picsize2, ['picupright2'] = args.picupright2, ['picalt2'] = args.picalt2, ['pictooltip2'] = args.pictooltip2, ['piccap2'] = args.piccap2, } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_header (frame, hdr_args)); end ----------< L A N G U A G E I N F O B O X E N >---------- local lang_iboxen = { -- table of codes used in |ibox-order= and their matching function pointers ['ar'] = ar, ['as'] = as, ['bn'] = bn, ['bo'] = bo, ['dng'] = dng, ['hi'] = hi, ['id'] = id, ['ja'] = ja, ['km'] = km, ['ko1'] = ko1, ['ko2'] = ko2, ['ko3'] = ko3, ['ko4'] = ko4, ['lo'] = lo, ['mn'] = mn, ['mnc'] = mnc, ['ms'] = ms, ['my'] = my, ['ne'] = ne, ['pi'] = pi, ['pra'] = pra, ['pt'] = pt, ['ru'] = ru, ['sa'] = sa, ['ta'] = ta, ['tet'] = tet, ['th'] = th, ['tl'] = tl, ['ug'] = ug, ['vi'] = vi, ['za'] = za, ['zh'] = zh } local lang_ibox_order = { -- default list of lang ibox calling functions as used by legacy {{Infobox Chinese}} zh, my, bo, dng, vi, th, za, ko1, ko2, ko3, ko4, mn, ja, ms, id, tl, ug, mnc, bn, as, ne, pra, ta, hi, sa, pi, pt, ru, lo, km, tet }; if args['ibox-order'] then -- parameter value is comma-separated list of lang iboxen to render and their order local t = mw.text.split (args['ibox-order'], '%s*,%s*') -- make a table from the list lang_ibox_order = {}; -- reset; don't use default list for _, v in ipairs (t) do -- spin through the lang_ibox_order list in order and if lang_iboxen[v] then -- if there is a matching ibox function table.insert (lang_ibox_order, lang_iboxen[v]); -- add it to the list of functions to call; TODO: error message when specified language does not exist? end end end for _, ibox_func in ipairs (lang_ibox_order) do -- call each function in the list in the list order table.insert (children, ibox_func (frame, args) or ''); -- add ibox string (or empty string when there is no ibox string) end ----------< B L A N K # I N F O B O X E N >---------- local i = 1; -- blank ibox enumerator while args['lang' .. i] and (args['lang-content' .. i] or args['lang' .. i .. '_content']) do -- for as many ibox blank as there are ... local ibox_args = { ['lang_hdr'] = args['lang-hdr' .. i], ['headercolor'] = args['child-hdr-color'] or args.headercolor, ['lang'] = args['lang' .. i], ['lang_label'] = args['lang-lbl' .. i], ['lang_content'] = args['lang-content' .. i] or args['lang' .. i .. '_content'], ['lang_ipa'] = args['lang-ipa' .. i], ['lang_rom'] = args['lang-rom' .. i], ['lang_std'] = args['lang-std' .. i], ['lang_lit'] = args['lang-lit' .. i], } table.insert (children, ibox_mln_blank (frame, ibox_args)); i = i + 1; -- bump the enumerator end ----------< F O O T E R I N F O B O X >---------- if 'yes' ~= args.child then table.insert (children, ibox_mln_footer (frame, {['footnote'] = args.footnote})); end ----------< R E N D E R >---------- return table.concat (children); -- concatenate all of the children together into a ginormous string end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ these not used outside of old {{Infobox Chinese}}: ibox_mln_dng = ibox_mln_dng, -- {{infobox Chinese/Dunganese}} ibox_mln_mn = ibox_mln_mn, -- {{infobox Chinese/Mongolian}} ibox_mln_mnc = ibox_mln_mnc, -- {{infobox Chinese/Manchu}} ibox_mln_my = ibox_mln_my, -- {{infobox Chinese/Burmese}} ibox_mln_th = ibox_mln_th, -- {{infobox Chinese/Thai}} ibox_mln_ug = ibox_mln_ug, -- {{infobox Chinese/Uyghur}} ibox_mln_za = ibox_mln_za, -- {{infobox Chinese/Zhuang}} these templates require parameter-name unification before they can directly use this module (and avoid the subtemplates): {{Infobox Tibetan-Chinese}} uses: {{Infobox Chinese/Chinese}} {{Infobox Chinese/Tibetan}} {{Infobox East Asian name}} uses: {{Infobox Chinese/Chinese}} {{Infobox Chinese/Japanese}} {{Infobox Chinese/Korean}} {{Infobox Chinese/Russian}} {{Infobox Chinese/Blank}} ]] return { ibox_mln = ibox_mln, -- {{infobox Chinese}} ibox_mln_ar = ibox_mln_ar, -- {{infobox Chinese/Arabic}} (used in Template:Infobox Arabic term) ibox_mln_blank = ibox_mln_blank, -- {{infobox Chinese/Blank}} ibox_mln_bo = ibox_mln_bo, -- {{infobox Chinese/Tibetan}} ibox_mln_footer = ibox_mln_footer, -- {{infobox Chinese/Footer}} ibox_mln_header = ibox_mln_header, -- {{infobox Chinese/Header}} ibox_mln_hokkien = ibox_mln_hokkien, -- {{infobox Chinese/Hokkien}} (used in Template:Infobox Hokkien name) ibox_mln_ja = ibox_mln_ja, -- {{infobox Chinese/Japanese}} ibox_mln_ko = ibox_mln_ko, -- {{infobox Chinese/Korean}} ibox_mln_ru = ibox_mln_ru, -- {{infobox Chinese/Russian}} (used in Template:Infobox Russian term) ibox_mln_vi = ibox_mln_vi, -- {{infobox Chinese/Vietnamese}} (used in Template:Infobox Vietnamese) ibox_mln_zh = ibox_mln_zh, -- {{infobox Chinese/Chinese}} } moth5px1yt2z26dwyy468atbq3l9gqz 828 51198 306043 2026-08-27T14:12:39Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- [SublimeLinter luacheck-globals:mw] local p = {} local getBuffer, print = require("Module:OutputBuffer")() local STYLES = { ["singlesdoubles"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Singles|Singles]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Doubles|Doubles]]]=]}, ["1"] = "singlesdoubles", ["men"] = "singlesdoubles", ["mens"] = "singlesdoubles", ["women"] = "singlesdoubles", ["womens"] = "singlesdoubles", ["singles"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament}... 306043 Scribunto text/plain -- [SublimeLinter luacheck-globals:mw] local p = {} local getBuffer, print = require("Module:OutputBuffer")() local STYLES = { ["singlesdoubles"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Singles|Singles]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Doubles|Doubles]]]=]}, ["1"] = "singlesdoubles", ["men"] = "singlesdoubles", ["mens"] = "singlesdoubles", ["women"] = "singlesdoubles", ["womens"] = "singlesdoubles", ["singles"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Singles|Singles]]]=]}, ["doubles"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Doubles|Doubles]]]=]}, ["menswomenssingles"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]]]=]}, ["menswomensdoubles"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]]]=]}, ["menssinglesdoubles"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]]]=]}, ["boysgirlssingles"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]]]=]}, ["miamimasters"] = "boysgirlssingles", ["mixeddoubles"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]]]=]}, ["mixednowomensdoubles"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]]]=]}, ["mixed"] = "mixeddoubles", ["grandslam"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]]]=]}, ["grandslamnomixed"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]]]=]}, ["grandslamnojuniordoubles"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | | ]=]}, ["grandslamwc"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad singles|quad]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad doubles|quad]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair girls' doubles|girls]]]=]}, ["grandslamwcjuniors"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair girls' doubles|girls]]]=]}, ["wheelchairjuniors"] = "grandlamwcjuniors", ["juniors"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]]]=]}, ["juniorsmixed"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]]]=]}, ["team"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Team | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's team|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's team|women]]]=]}, ["mixedandteam"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Team | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's team|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's team|women]]]=]}, ["australianopen"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad singles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad doubles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Legends | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's legends' doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's legends' doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Legends mixed|mixed]] ]=]}, ["frenchopen"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad singles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad doubles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Legends | [[{year} {tournament} – Legends under 45 doubles|−45]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Legends over 45 doubles|45+]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's legends doubles|women]] ]=]}, ["frenchopen2022"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad singles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad doubles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Legends | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's legends doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's legends doubles|women]] ]=]}, ["frenchopen2023"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad singles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad doubles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Legends | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's legends doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's legends doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed legends doubles|mixed]] ]=]}, ["wimbledonchampionships"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad singles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad doubles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Legends | [[{year} {tournament} – Gentlemen's invitation doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Ladies' invitation doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Senior gentlemen's invitation doubles|seniors]] ]=]}, ["wimbledon2022"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad singles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad doubles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right; white-space:nowrap;" | 14&U&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' 14&U singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' 14&U singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Legends | [[{year} {tournament} – Gentlemen's invitation doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Ladies' invitation doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed invitation doubles|mixed]] ]=]}, ["usopen"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' singles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' singles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles|mixed]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Boys' doubles|boys]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Girls' doubles|girls]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's singles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's singles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad singles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | WC&nbsp;Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair men's doubles|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair women's doubles|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Wheelchair quad doubles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Legends | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's champions invitational|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's champions invitational|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed champions invitational|mixed]] ]=]}, ["abnamroworldtennistournament"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Singles|singles]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Doubles|doubles]] |- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Wheelchair singles|WC&nbsp;Singles]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Wheelchair doubles|WC&nbsp;Doubles]]]=]}, ["queensclubtennistournament"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Singles|Singles]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Doubles|Doubles]] |- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Wheelchair singles|WC&nbsp;Singles]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Wheelchair doubles|WC&nbsp;Doubles]]]=]}, ["doublestwotourneys"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Doubles|women]]]=]}, [""] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]]]=]}, ["nowomensdoubles"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]]]=]}, ["quad"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Quad singles|quad]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Quad doubles|quad]]]=]}, ["singlesquad"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Quad singles|quad]]]=]}, ["doublesquad"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's doubles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Quad doubles|quad]]]=]}, ["qual"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Qualification|Qualification]]]=]}, ["qualsingles"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Singles qualifying|Singles]]]=]}, ["qualsinglesdoubles"] = {[=[|- | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Singles qualifying|Singles]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournamentd} – Doubles qualifying|Doubles]]]=]}, ["qualmenswomenssingles"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's singles qualifying|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's singles qualifying|women]]]=]}, ["qualgrandslam"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles qualifying|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles qualifying|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles qualifying|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles qualifying|women]]]=]}, ["qualmixed"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's singles qualifying|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's singles qualifying|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{year} {tournament} – Men's doubles qualifying|men]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Women's doubles qualifying|women]] | [[{year} {tournament} – Mixed doubles qualifying|mixed]]]=]}, ["olympics1908"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;" colspan="3"| Outdoor |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's outdoor singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's outdoor singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's outdoor doubles|men]] | |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;" colspan="3"| Indoor |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's indoor singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's indoor singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's indoor doubles|men]]]=]}, ["olympics1912"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;" colspan="4"| Outdoor |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's outdoor singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's outdoor singles|women]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's outdoor doubles|men]] | | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Mixed outdoor doubles|mixed]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;" colspan="4"| Indoor |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's indoor singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Women's indoor singles|women]] | |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Men's indoor doubles|men]] | | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Mixed indoor doubles|mixed]]]=]}, ["olympics1968"] = {[=[|- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;" colspan="4"| Demonstration |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Demonstration men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Demonstration women's singles|women]] | |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Demonstration men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Demonstration women's doubles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Demonstration mixed doubles|mixed]] |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;" colspan="4"| Exhibition |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Singles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Exhibition men's singles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Exhibition women's singles|women]] | |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: right;" | Doubles | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Exhibition men's doubles|men]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Exhibition women's doubles|women]] | [[{prefix} {year} {tournament} – Exhibition mixed doubles|mixed]]]=]}} local function pullItem(value, default) value = value and string.lower(string.gsub(value, "%W", "")) if type(STYLES[value]) == "string" then value = STYLES[value] end if STYLES[value] then return STYLES[value][1] else return STYLES[default][1] end end function p._main(args) local default = "" if args[2] ~= args[3] then default = "doublestwotourneys" end print('{| style="border-spacing: 0.6em 0; margin: auto; ' .. 'text-align: center;"') local draws = (string.gsub(pullItem(args.type, default), "{(%w+)}", {prefix = args.prefix or "", year = args[1], tournament = args[2], tournamentd = args[3]})) print (draws) print("|}") return getBuffer("\n") end function p.main(frame) local args = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end return p ch25cu8py8540a6b3er7a1o5oqz9jpi 828 51199 306044 2026-08-27T14:14:09Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- File-Date: 2013-01-11 return { -- 639-2T ["aar"] = {"Afar"}, ["abk"] = {"Abkhazian"}, ["ace"] = {"Achinese"}, ["ach"] = {"Acoli"}, ["ada"] = {"Adangme"}, ["ady"] = {"Adyghe", "Adygei"}, ["afa"] = {"Afro-Asiatic languages"}, ["afh"] = {"Afrihili"}, ["afr"] = {"Afrikaans"}, ["ain"] = {"Ainu"}, ["aka"] = {"Akan"}, ["akk"] = {"Akkadian"}, ["ale"] = {"Aleut"}, ["alg"] = {"Algonquian languages"}, ["alt"] = {"Southern Altai"}, ["amh"] = {"Amharic"},... 306044 Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2013-01-11 return { -- 639-2T ["aar"] = {"Afar"}, ["abk"] = {"Abkhazian"}, ["ace"] = {"Achinese"}, ["ach"] = {"Acoli"}, ["ada"] = {"Adangme"}, ["ady"] = {"Adyghe", "Adygei"}, ["afa"] = {"Afro-Asiatic languages"}, ["afh"] = {"Afrihili"}, ["afr"] = {"Afrikaans"}, ["ain"] = {"Ainu"}, ["aka"] = {"Akan"}, ["akk"] = {"Akkadian"}, ["ale"] = {"Aleut"}, ["alg"] = {"Algonquian languages"}, ["alt"] = {"Southern Altai"}, ["amh"] = {"Amharic"}, ["ang"] = {"English, Old (ca.450-1100)"}, ["anp"] = {"Angika"}, ["apa"] = {"Apache languages"}, ["ara"] = {"Arabic"}, ["arc"] = {"Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)", "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)"}, ["arg"] = {"Aragonese"}, ["arn"] = {"Mapudungun", "Mapuche"}, ["arp"] = {"Arapaho"}, ["art"] = {"Artificial languages"}, ["arw"] = {"Arawak"}, ["asm"] = {"Assamese"}, ["ast"] = {"Asturian", "Bable", "Leonese", "Asturleonese"}, ["ath"] = {"Athapascan languages"}, ["aus"] = {"Australian languages"}, ["ava"] = {"Avaric"}, ["ave"] = {"Avestan"}, ["awa"] = {"Awadhi"}, ["aym"] = {"Aymara"}, ["aze"] = {"Azerbaijani"}, ["bad"] = {"Banda languages"}, ["bai"] = {"Bamileke languages"}, ["bak"] = {"Bashkir"}, ["bal"] = {"Baluchi"}, ["bam"] = {"Bambara"}, ["ban"] = {"Balinese"}, ["bas"] = {"Basa"}, ["bat"] = {"Baltic languages"}, ["bej"] = {"Beja", "Bedawiyet"}, ["bel"] = {"Belarusian"}, ["bem"] = {"Bemba"}, ["ben"] = {"Bengali"}, ["ber"] = {"Berber languages"}, ["bho"] = {"Bhojpuri"}, ["bih"] = {"Bihari languages"}, ["bik"] = {"Bikol"}, ["bin"] = {"Bini", "Edo"}, ["bis"] = {"Bislama"}, ["bla"] = {"Siksika"}, ["bnt"] = {"Bantu languages"}, ["bod"] = {"Tibetan"}, ["bos"] = {"Bosnian"}, ["bra"] = {"Braj"}, ["bre"] = {"Breton"}, ["btk"] = {"Batak languages"}, ["bua"] = {"Buriat"}, ["bug"] = {"Buginese"}, ["bul"] = {"Bulgarian"}, ["byn"] = {"Blin", "Bilin"}, ["cad"] = {"Caddo"}, ["cai"] = {"Central American Indian languages"}, ["car"] = {"Galibi Carib"}, ["cat"] = {"Catalan", "Valencian"}, ["cau"] = {"Caucasian languages"}, ["ceb"] = {"Cebuano"}, ["cel"] = {"Celtic languages"}, ["ces"] = {"Czech"}, ["cha"] = {"Chamorro"}, ["chb"] = {"Chibcha"}, ["che"] = {"Chechen"}, ["chg"] = {"Chagatai"}, ["chk"] = {"Chuukese"}, ["chm"] = {"Mari"}, ["chn"] = {"Chinook jargon"}, ["cho"] = {"Choctaw"}, ["chp"] = {"Chipewyan", "Dene Suline"}, ["chr"] = {"Cherokee"}, ["chu"] = {"Church Slavic", "Old Slavonic", "Church Slavonic", "Old Bulgarian", "Old Church Slavonic"}, ["chv"] = {"Chuvash"}, ["chy"] = {"Cheyenne"}, ["cmc"] = {"Chamic languages"}, ["cnr"] = {"Montenegrin"}, ["cop"] = {"Coptic"}, ["cor"] = {"Cornish"}, ["cos"] = {"Corsican"}, ["cpe"] = {"Creoles and pidgins, English based"}, ["cpf"] = {"Creoles and pidgins, French-based"}, ["cpp"] = {"Creoles and pidgins, Portuguese-based"}, ["cre"] = {"Cree"}, ["crh"] = {"Crimean Tatar", "Crimean Turkish"}, ["crp"] = {"Creoles and pidgins"}, ["csb"] = {"Kashubian"}, ["cus"] = {"Cushitic languages"}, ["cym"] = {"Welsh"}, ["dak"] = {"Dakota"}, ["dan"] = {"Danish"}, ["dar"] = {"Dargwa"}, ["day"] = {"Land Dayak languages"}, ["del"] = {"Delaware"}, ["den"] = {"Slave (Athapascan)"}, ["deu"] = {"German"}, ["dgr"] = {"Dogrib"}, ["din"] = {"Dinka"}, ["div"] = {"Divehi", "Dhivehi", "Maldivian"}, ["doi"] = {"Dogri"}, ["dra"] = {"Dravidian languages"}, ["dsb"] = {"Lower Sorbian"}, ["dua"] = {"Duala"}, ["dum"] = {"Dutch, Middle (ca.1050-1350)"}, ["dyu"] = {"Dyula"}, ["dzo"] = {"Dzongkha"}, ["efi"] = {"Efik"}, ["egy"] = {"Egyptian (Ancient)"}, ["eka"] = {"Ekajuk"}, ["ell"] = {"Greek, Modern (1453-)"}, ["elx"] = {"Elamite"}, ["eng"] = {"English"}, ["enm"] = {"English, Middle (1100-1500)"}, ["epo"] = {"Esperanto"}, ["est"] = {"Estonian"}, ["eus"] = {"Basque"}, ["ewe"] = {"Ewe"}, ["ewo"] = {"Ewondo"}, ["fan"] = {"Fang"}, ["fao"] = {"Faroese"}, ["fas"] = {"Persian"}, ["fat"] = {"Fanti"}, ["fij"] = {"Fijian"}, ["fil"] = {"Filipino", "Pilipino"}, ["fin"] = {"Finnish"}, ["fiu"] = {"Finno-Ugrian languages"}, ["fon"] = {"Fon"}, ["fra"] = {"French"}, ["frm"] = {"French, Middle (ca.1400-1600)"}, ["fro"] = {"French, Old (842-ca.1400)"}, ["frr"] = {"Northern Frisian"}, ["frs"] = {"Eastern Frisian"}, ["fry"] = {"Western Frisian"}, ["ful"] = {"Fulah"}, ["fur"] = {"Friulian"}, ["gaa"] = {"Ga"}, ["gay"] = {"Gayo"}, ["gba"] = {"Gbaya"}, ["gem"] = {"Germanic languages"}, ["gez"] = {"Geez"}, ["gil"] = {"Gilbertese"}, ["gla"] = {"Gaelic", "Scottish Gaelic"}, ["gle"] = {"Irish"}, ["glg"] = {"Galician"}, ["glv"] = {"Manx"}, ["gmh"] = {"German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500)"}, ["goh"] = {"German, Old High (ca.750-1050)"}, ["gon"] = {"Gondi"}, ["gor"] = {"Gorontalo"}, ["got"] = {"Gothic"}, ["grb"] = {"Grebo"}, ["grc"] = {"Greek, Ancient (to 1453)"}, ["grn"] = {"Guarani"}, ["gsw"] = {"Swiss German", "Alemannic", "Alsatian"}, ["guj"] = {"Gujarati"}, ["gwi"] = {"Gwich'in"}, ["hai"] = {"Haida"}, ["hat"] = {"Haitian", "Haitian Creole"}, ["hau"] = {"Hausa"}, ["haw"] = {"Hawaiian"}, ["heb"] = {"Hebrew"}, ["her"] = {"Herero"}, ["hil"] = {"Hiligaynon"}, ["him"] = {"Himachali languages", "Western Pahari languages"}, ["hin"] = {"Hindi"}, ["hit"] = {"Hittite"}, ["hmn"] = {"Hmong", "Mong"}, ["hmo"] = {"Hiri Motu"}, ["hrv"] = {"Croatian"}, ["hsb"] = {"Upper Sorbian"}, ["hun"] = {"Hungarian"}, ["hup"] = {"Hupa"}, ["hye"] = {"Armenian"}, ["iba"] = {"Iban"}, ["ibo"] = {"Igbo"}, ["ido"] = {"Ido"}, ["iii"] = {"Sichuan Yi", "Nuosu"}, ["ijo"] = {"Ijo languages"}, ["iku"] = {"Inuktitut"}, ["ile"] = {"Interlingue", "Occidental"}, ["ilo"] = {"Iloko"}, ["ina"] = {"Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)"}, ["inc"] = {"Indic languages"}, ["ind"] = {"Indonesian"}, ["ine"] = {"Indo-European languages"}, ["inh"] = {"Ingush"}, ["ipk"] = {"Inupiaq"}, ["ira"] = {"Iranian languages"}, ["iro"] = {"Iroquoian languages"}, ["isl"] = {"Icelandic"}, ["ita"] = {"Italian"}, ["jav"] = {"Javanese"}, ["jbo"] = {"Lojban"}, ["jpn"] = {"Japanese"}, ["jpr"] = {"Judeo-Persian"}, ["jrb"] = {"Judeo-Arabic"}, ["kaa"] = {"Kara-Kalpak"}, ["kab"] = {"Kabyle"}, ["kac"] = {"Kachin", "Jingpho"}, ["kal"] = {"Kalaallisut", "Greenlandic"}, ["kam"] = {"Kamba"}, ["kan"] = {"Kannada"}, ["kar"] = {"Karen languages"}, ["kas"] = {"Kashmiri"}, ["kat"] = {"Georgian"}, ["kau"] = {"Kanuri"}, ["kaw"] = {"Kawi"}, ["kaz"] = {"Kazakh"}, ["kbd"] = {"Kabardian"}, ["kha"] = {"Khasi"}, ["khi"] = {"Khoisan languages"}, ["khm"] = {"Central Khmer"}, ["kho"] = {"Khotanese", "Sakan"}, ["kik"] = {"Kikuyu", "Gikuyu"}, ["kin"] = {"Kinyarwanda"}, ["kir"] = {"Kirghiz", "Kyrgyz"}, ["kmb"] = {"Kimbundu"}, ["kok"] = {"Konkani"}, ["kom"] = {"Komi"}, ["kon"] = {"Kongo"}, ["kor"] = {"Korean"}, ["kos"] = {"Kosraean"}, ["kpe"] = {"Kpelle"}, ["krc"] = {"Karachay-Balkar"}, ["krl"] = {"Karelian"}, ["kro"] = {"Kru languages"}, ["kru"] = {"Kurukh"}, ["kua"] = {"Kuanyama", "Kwanyama"}, ["kum"] = {"Kumyk"}, ["kur"] = {"Kurdish"}, ["kut"] = {"Kutenai"}, ["lad"] = {"Ladino"}, ["lah"] = {"Lahnda"}, ["lam"] = {"Lamba"}, ["lao"] = {"Lao"}, ["lat"] = {"Latin"}, ["lav"] = {"Latvian"}, ["lez"] = {"Lezghian"}, ["lim"] = {"Limburgan", "Limburger", "Limburgish"}, ["lin"] = {"Lingala"}, ["lit"] = {"Lithuanian"}, ["lol"] = {"Mongo"}, ["loz"] = {"Lozi"}, ["ltz"] = {"Luxembourgish", "Letzeburgesch"}, ["lua"] = {"Luba-Lulua"}, ["lub"] = {"Luba-Katanga"}, ["lug"] = {"Ganda"}, ["lui"] = {"Luiseno"}, ["lun"] = {"Lunda"}, ["luo"] = {"Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)"}, ["lus"] = {"Lushai"}, ["mad"] = {"Madurese"}, ["mag"] = {"Magahi"}, ["mah"] = {"Marshallese"}, ["mai"] = {"Maithili"}, ["mak"] = {"Makasar"}, ["mal"] = {"Malayalam"}, ["man"] = {"Mandingo"}, ["map"] = {"Austronesian languages"}, ["mar"] = {"Marathi"}, ["mas"] = {"Masai"}, ["mdf"] = {"Moksha"}, ["mdr"] = {"Mandar"}, ["men"] = {"Mende"}, ["mga"] = {"Irish, Middle (900-1200)"}, ["mic"] = {"Mi'kmaq", "Micmac"}, ["min"] = {"Minangkabau"}, ["mis"] = {"Uncoded languages"}, ["mkd"] = {"Macedonian"}, ["mkh"] = {"Mon-Khmer languages"}, ["mlg"] = {"Malagasy"}, ["mlt"] = {"Maltese"}, ["mnc"] = {"Manchu"}, ["mni"] = {"Manipuri"}, ["mno"] = {"Manobo languages"}, ["moh"] = {"Mohawk"}, ["mon"] = {"Mongolian"}, ["mos"] = {"Mossi"}, ["mri"] = {"Maori"}, ["msa"] = {"Malay"}, ["mul"] = {"Multiple languages"}, ["mun"] = {"Munda languages"}, ["mus"] = {"Creek"}, ["mwl"] = {"Mirandese"}, ["mwr"] = {"Marwari"}, ["mya"] = {"Burmese"}, ["myn"] = {"Mayan languages"}, ["myv"] = {"Erzya"}, ["nah"] = {"Nahuatl languages"}, ["nai"] = {"North American Indian languages"}, ["nap"] = {"Neapolitan"}, ["nau"] = {"Nauru"}, ["nav"] = {"Navajo", "Navaho"}, ["nbl"] = {"Ndebele, South", "South Ndebele"}, ["nde"] = {"Ndebele, North", "North Ndebele"}, ["ndo"] = {"Ndonga"}, ["nds"] = {"Low German", "Low Saxon", "German, Low", "Saxon, Low"}, ["nep"] = {"Nepali"}, ["new"] = {"Nepal Bhasa", "Newari"}, ["nia"] = {"Nias"}, ["nic"] = {"Niger-Kordofanian languages"}, ["niu"] = {"Niuean"}, ["nld"] = {"Dutch", "Flemish"}, ["nno"] = {"Norwegian Nynorsk", "Nynorsk, Norwegian"}, ["nob"] = {"Bokmål, Norwegian", "Norwegian Bokmål"}, ["nog"] = {"Nogai"}, ["non"] = {"Norse, Old"}, ["nor"] = {"Norwegian"}, ["nqo"] = {"N'Ko"}, ["nso"] = {"Pedi", "Sepedi", "Northern Sotho"}, ["nub"] = {"Nubian languages"}, ["nwc"] = {"Classical Newari", "Old Newari", "Classical Nepal Bhasa"}, ["nya"] = {"Chichewa", "Chewa", "Nyanja"}, ["nym"] = {"Nyamwezi"}, ["nyn"] = {"Nyankole"}, ["nyo"] = {"Nyoro"}, ["nzi"] = {"Nzima"}, ["oci"] = {"Occitan (post 1500)"}, ["oji"] = {"Ojibwa"}, ["ori"] = {"Oriya"}, ["orm"] = {"Oromo"}, ["osa"] = {"Osage"}, ["oss"] = {"Ossetian", "Ossetic"}, ["ota"] = {"Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928)"}, ["oto"] = {"Otomian languages"}, ["paa"] = {"Papuan languages"}, ["pag"] = {"Pangasinan"}, ["pal"] = {"Pahlavi"}, ["pam"] = {"Pampanga", "Kapampangan"}, ["pan"] = {"Panjabi", "Punjabi"}, ["pap"] = {"Papiamento"}, ["pau"] = {"Palauan"}, ["peo"] = {"Persian, Old (ca.600-400 B.C.)"}, ["phi"] = {"Philippine languages"}, ["phn"] = {"Phoenician"}, ["pli"] = {"Pali"}, ["pol"] = {"Polish"}, ["pon"] = {"Pohnpeian"}, ["por"] = {"Portuguese"}, ["pra"] = {"Prakrit languages"}, ["pro"] = {"Provençal, Old (to 1500)", "Occitan, Old (to 1500)"}, ["pus"] = {"Pushto", "Pashto"}, ["que"] = {"Quechua"}, ["raj"] = {"Rajasthani"}, ["rap"] = {"Rapanui"}, ["rar"] = {"Rarotongan", "Cook Islands Maori"}, ["roa"] = {"Romance languages"}, ["roh"] = {"Romansh"}, ["rom"] = {"Romany"}, ["ron"] = {"Romanian", "Moldavian", "Moldovan"}, ["run"] = {"Rundi"}, ["rup"] = {"Aromanian", "Arumanian", "Macedo-Romanian"}, ["rus"] = {"Russian"}, ["sad"] = {"Sandawe"}, ["sag"] = {"Sango"}, ["sah"] = {"Yakut"}, ["sai"] = {"South American Indian languages"}, ["sal"] = {"Salishan languages"}, ["sam"] = {"Samaritan Aramaic"}, ["san"] = {"Sanskrit"}, ["sas"] = {"Sasak"}, ["sat"] = {"Santali"}, ["scn"] = {"Sicilian"}, ["sco"] = {"Scots"}, ["sel"] = {"Selkup"}, ["sem"] = {"Semitic languages"}, ["sga"] = {"Irish, Old (to 900)"}, ["sgn"] = {"Sign Languages"}, ["shn"] = {"Shan"}, ["sid"] = {"Sidamo"}, ["sin"] = {"Sinhala", "Sinhalese"}, ["sio"] = {"Siouan languages"}, ["sit"] = {"Sino-Tibetan languages"}, ["sla"] = {"Slavic languages"}, ["slk"] = {"Slovak"}, ["slv"] = {"Slovenian"}, ["sma"] = {"Southern Sami"}, ["sme"] = {"Northern Sami"}, ["smi"] = {"Sami languages"}, ["smj"] = {"Lule Sami"}, ["smn"] = {"Inari Sami"}, ["smo"] = {"Samoan"}, ["sms"] = {"Skolt Sami"}, ["sna"] = {"Shona"}, ["snd"] = {"Sindhi"}, ["snk"] = {"Soninke"}, ["sog"] = {"Sogdian"}, ["som"] = {"Somali"}, ["son"] = {"Songhai languages"}, ["sot"] = {"Sotho, Southern"}, ["spa"] = {"Spanish", "Castilian"}, ["sqi"] = {"Albanian"}, ["srd"] = {"Sardinian"}, ["srn"] = {"Sranan Tongo"}, ["srp"] = {"Serbian"}, ["srr"] = {"Serer"}, ["ssa"] = {"Nilo-Saharan languages"}, ["ssw"] = {"Swati"}, ["suk"] = {"Sukuma"}, ["sun"] = {"Sundanese"}, ["sus"] = {"Susu"}, ["sux"] = {"Sumerian"}, ["swa"] = {"Swahili"}, ["swe"] = {"Swedish"}, ["syc"] = {"Classical Syriac"}, ["syr"] = {"Syriac"}, ["tah"] = {"Tahitian"}, ["tai"] = {"Tai languages"}, ["tam"] = {"Tamil"}, ["tat"] = {"Tatar"}, ["tel"] = {"Telugu"}, ["tem"] = {"Timne"}, ["ter"] = {"Tereno"}, ["tet"] = {"Tetum"}, ["tgk"] = {"Tajik"}, ["tgl"] = {"Tagalog"}, ["tha"] = {"Thai"}, ["tig"] = {"Tigre"}, ["tir"] = {"Tigrinya"}, ["tiv"] = {"Tiv"}, ["tkl"] = {"Tokelau"}, ["tlh"] = {"Klingon", "tlhIngan-Hol"}, ["tli"] = {"Tlingit"}, ["tmh"] = {"Tamashek"}, ["tog"] = {"Tonga (Nyasa)"}, ["ton"] = {"Tonga (Tonga Islands)"}, ["tpi"] = {"Tok Pisin"}, ["tsi"] = {"Tsimshian"}, ["tsn"] = {"Tswana"}, ["tso"] = {"Tsonga"}, ["tuk"] = {"Turkmen"}, ["tum"] = {"Tumbuka"}, ["tup"] = {"Tupi languages"}, ["tur"] = {"Turkish"}, ["tut"] = {"Altaic languages"}, ["tvl"] = {"Tuvalu"}, ["twi"] = {"Twi"}, ["tyv"] = {"Tuvinian"}, ["udm"] = {"Udmurt"}, ["uga"] = {"Ugaritic"}, ["uig"] = {"Uighur", "Uyghur"}, ["ukr"] = {"Ukrainian"}, ["umb"] = {"Umbundu"}, ["und"] = {"Undetermined"}, ["urd"] = {"Urdu"}, ["uzb"] = {"Uzbek"}, ["vai"] = {"Vai"}, ["ven"] = {"Venda"}, ["vie"] = {"Vietnamese"}, ["vol"] = {"Volapük"}, ["vot"] = {"Votic"}, ["wak"] = {"Wakashan languages"}, ["wal"] = {"Wolaitta", "Wolaytta"}, ["war"] = {"Waray"}, ["was"] = {"Washo"}, ["wen"] = {"Sorbian languages"}, ["wln"] = {"Walloon"}, ["wol"] = {"Wolof"}, ["xal"] = {"Kalmyk", "Oirat"}, ["xho"] = {"Xhosa"}, ["yao"] = {"Yao"}, ["yap"] = {"Yapese"}, ["yid"] = {"Yiddish"}, ["yor"] = {"Yoruba"}, ["ypk"] = {"Yupik languages"}, ["zap"] = {"Zapotec"}, ["zbl"] = {"Blissymbols", "Blissymbolics", "Bliss"}, ["zen"] = {"Zenaga"}, ["zgh"] = {"Standard Moroccan Tamazight"}, ["zha"] = {"Zhuang", "Chuang"}, ["zho"] = {"Chinese"}, ["znd"] = {"Zande languages"}, ["zul"] = {"Zulu"}, ["zun"] = {"Zuni"}, ["zxx"] = {"No linguistic content", "Not applicable"}, ["zza"] = {"Zaza", "Dimili", "Dimli", "Kirdki", "Kirmanjki", "Zazaki"} } 6z1z7e9d5jtsvzx4kt61izbb4yq8n65 828 51200 306045 2026-08-27T14:20:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require('strict') local m_data = mw.loadData("Module:Wikt-lang/data") local langData = m_data.languages or m_data local p = {} local function ifNotEmpty(value) if value == "" then return nil else return value end end local function makeEntryName(word, languageCode) local data = langData[languageCode] local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub word = tostring(word) if word == nil then error("The function makeEntryName requires a string argument") elseif word == "" then retur... 306045 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local m_data = mw.loadData("Module:Wikt-lang/data") local langData = m_data.languages or m_data local p = {} local function ifNotEmpty(value) if value == "" then return nil else return value end end local function makeEntryName(word, languageCode) local data = langData[languageCode] local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub word = tostring(word) if word == nil then error("The function makeEntryName requires a string argument") elseif word == "" then return "" else -- Remove bold and italics, so that words that contain bolding or emphasis can be linked without piping. word = word:gsub("\'\'\'", "") word = word:gsub("\'\'", "") if data == nil then return word else local replacements = data and data["replacements"] if replacements == nil then return word else -- Decompose so that the diacritics of characters such -- as á can be removed in one go. -- No need to compose at the end, because the MediaWiki software -- will handle that. if replacements.decompose then word = mw.ustring.toNFD(word) for i, from in ipairs(replacements.from) do word = ugsub( word, from, replacements.to and replacements.to[i] or "") end else for regex, replacement in pairs(replacements) do word = ugsub(word, regex, replacement) end end return word end end end end local function fixScriptCode(firstLetter, threeLetters) return string.upper(firstLetter) .. string.lower(threeLetters) end local function getCodes(codes) local languageCode, scriptCode, invalidCode local errorText if codes == nil or codes == "" then errorText = 'no language or script code provided' elseif codes:find("^%a%a%a?$") or codes:find("^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a%a$") then -- A three- or two-letter lowercase sequence at beginning of first parameter languageCode = codes:find("^%a%a%a?") and ( codes:match("^(%l%l%l?)") or codes:match("^(%a%a%a?)") :gsub("(%a%a%a?)", string.lower, 1) ) -- One uppercase and three lowercase letters at the end of the first parameter scriptCode = codes:find("%a%a%a%a$") and ( codes:match("(%u%l%l%l)$") or gsub( codes:match("(%a%a%a%a)$"), "(%a)(%a%a%a)", fixScriptCode, 1 ) ) elseif codes:find("^%a%a%a?%-%a%a%a?$") or codes:find("^%a%a%a%-%a%a%a%-%a%a%a$") then languageCode = codes -- Private-use subtag: x followed by one or more sequences of 1-8 lowercase -- letters separated by hyphens. This only allows for one sequence, as it is -- needed for proto-languages such as ine-x-proto (Proto-Indo-European). elseif codes:find("^%a%a%a?%-x%-%a%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?$") then languageCode, scriptCode = codes:match("^(%a%a%a%-x%-%a%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?%a?)%-?(.*)$") if not languageCode then errorText = '<code>'..codes..'</code> is not a valid language or script code.' elseif scriptCode ~= "" and not scriptCode:find("%a%a%a%a") then errorText = '<code>'..scriptCode..'</code> is not a valid script code.' else scriptCode = scriptCode:gsub( "(%a)(%a%a%a)", fixScriptCode, 1 ) end elseif codes:find("^%a%a%a?") then languageCode, invalidCode = codes:match("^(%a%a%a?)%-?(.*)") languageCode = string.lower(languageCode) errorText = '<code>'..invalidCode..'</code> is not a valid script code.' elseif codes:find("%-?%a%a%a%a$") then invalidCode, scriptCode = codes:match("(.*)%-?(%a%a%a%a)$") scriptCode = gsub( scriptCode, "(%a)(%a%a%a)", fixScriptCode ) errorText = '<code>'..invalidCode..'</code> is not a valid language code.' else errorText = '<code>'..codes..'</code> is not a valid language or script code.' end if errorText then errorText = ' <span style="font-size: smaller">[' .. errorText .. ']</span>' else errorText = "" end languageCode = m_data.redirects[languageCode] or languageCode return languageCode, scriptCode, errorText end local function tag(text, languageCode, script, italicize) local data = langData[languageCode] -- Use Wikipedia code if it has been given: for instance, -- Proto-Indo-European has the Wiktionary code "ine-pro" but the Wikipedia -- code "ine-x-proto". languageCode = data and data.Wikipedia_code or languageCode if script and script ~= "" then languageCode = languageCode .. "-" .. script end if not text then text = "[text?]" end local textDirectionMarkers = { "", "", "" } if data and data["direction"] == "rtl" then textDirectionMarkers = { ' dir="rtl"', '&rlm;', '&lrm;' } end local out = { textDirectionMarkers[2] } if italicize then table.insert(out, "<i lang=\"" .. languageCode .. "\"" .. textDirectionMarkers[1] .. ">" .. text .. "</i>") else table.insert(out, "<span lang=\"" .. languageCode .. "\"" .. textDirectionMarkers[1] .. ">" .. text .. "</span>") end table.insert(out, textDirectionMarkers[3]) return table.concat(out) end local function linkToWiktionary(entry, linkText, languageCode) local data = langData[languageCode] local name if languageCode then if data and data.name then name = data.name else -- On other languages' wikis, use mw.getContentLanguage():getCode(), -- or replace 'en' with that wiki's language code. name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(languageCode, 'en') if name == "" then error("Name for the language code " .. ("%q"):format(languageCode or nil) .. " could not be retrieved with mw.language.fetchLanguageName, " .. "so it should be added to [[Module:Wikt-lang/data]]") end end if entry:sub(1, 1) == "*" then if name ~= "" then entry = "Reconstruction:" .. name .. "/" .. entry:sub(2) else error("Language name is empty") end elseif data and data.type == "reconstructed" then mw.log("Reconstructed language without asterisk:", languageCode, name, entry) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- Track reconstructed entries with no asterisk by transcluding -- a nonexistent template. This technique is used in Wiktionary: -- see [[wikt:Module:debug]]. -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/tracking/wikt-lang/reconstructed with no asterisk]] pcall(frame.expandTemplate, frame, { title = 'tracking/wikt-lang/reconstructed with no asterisk' }) if name ~= "" then entry = "Reconstruction:" .. name .. "/" .. entry else error("Language name is empty") end elseif data and data.type == "appendix" then if name ~= "" then entry = "Appendix:" .. name .. "/" .. entry else error("Language name is empty") end end if entry and linkText then return "[[wikt:" .. entry .. "#" .. name .. "|" .. linkText .. "]]" else error("linkToWiktionary needs a Wiktionary entry or link text, or both") end else return "[[wikt:" .. entry .. "|" .. linkText .. "]]" end end function p.wiktlang(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() local args = parent.args[1] and parent.args or frame.args local codes = args[1] and mw.text.trim(args[1]) local word1 = ifNotEmpty(args[2]) local word2 = ifNotEmpty(args[3]) if not args[2] or '' == args[2] then return '<span style="color:#d33">[text?] Parameter 2 is required</span>'; end local languageCode, scriptCode, errorText = getCodes(codes) local italics = args.italics or args.i or args.italic italics = not (italics == "n" or italics == "-" or italics == "no") local entry, linkText if word2 and word1 then entry = makeEntryName(word1, languageCode) linkText = word2 elseif word1 then entry = makeEntryName(word1, languageCode) linkText = word1 end local italicize = italics and (scriptCode == "Latn" or require("Module:Unicode data").is_Latin(linkText)) local out if languageCode and entry and linkText then out = tag(linkToWiktionary(entry, linkText, languageCode), languageCode, scriptCode, italicize) elseif entry and linkText then out = linkToWiktionary(entry, linkText) else out = '<span style="font-size: smaller;">[text?]</span>' end if out and errorText then return out .. errorText else return errorText or error("The function wiktlang generated nothing") end end return p a1gmtrj3hb88pnlx5jl8b226ejby5y3 828 51201 306046 2026-08-27T14:21:10Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local U = mw.ustring.char -- Diacritics, from the [[Combining Diacritical Marks]] block. local grave = U(0x300) local acute = U(0x301) local circumflex = U(0x302) local tilde = U(0x303) local macron = U(0x304) local breve = U(0x306) local dot = U(0x307) local diaeresis = U(0x308) local double_acute = U(0x30B) local caron = U(0x30C) local double_grave = U(0x30F) local invbreve = U(0x311) local dot_below = U(0x323) loca... 306046 Scribunto text/plain local U = mw.ustring.char -- Diacritics, from the [[Combining Diacritical Marks]] block. local grave = U(0x300) local acute = U(0x301) local circumflex = U(0x302) local tilde = U(0x303) local macron = U(0x304) local breve = U(0x306) local dot = U(0x307) local diaeresis = U(0x308) local double_acute = U(0x30B) local caron = U(0x30C) local double_grave = U(0x30F) local invbreve = U(0x311) local dot_below = U(0x323) local undertie = U(0x35C) --[[ This is a table of Wiktionary language codes with data belonging to them. Name is the "canonical name" used on Wiktionary. Article is the Wikipedia article. Script is the ISO 15924 code. ]] local data = { ["languages"] = { ["aaq"] = { ["name"] = "Penobscot", }, ["ab"] = { ["name"] = "Abkhaz", }, ["abe"] = { ["name"] = "Abenaki", }, ["alg-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Algonquian", ["article"] = "Proto-Algonquian language", }, ["ang"] = { ["name"] = "Old English", ["article"] = {"Old English"}, -- Remove macrons, acutes, and overdots ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. macron .. acute .. dot .. "]" }, }, }, ["ar"] = { ["name"] = "Arabic", ["article"] = "Arabic language", ["direction"] = "rtl", -- Should be in the script data module. ["replacements"] = { -- ālif with wasla is replaced by ālif; [U(0x0671)] = U(0x0627), -- taṭwīl, fatḥatan, ḍammatan, kasratan, -- fatḥa, ḍamma, kasra, -- shadda, sukūn, and superscript (dagger) ālif are removed. ["["..U(0x0640)..U(0x064B)..U(0x064C)..U(0x064D) ..U(0x064E)..U(0x064F)..U(0x0650) ..U(0x0651)..U(0x0652)..U(0x0670).."]"] = "", }, }, ["ara"] = { ["name"] = "Arabic", ["article"] = "Arabic language", ["direction"] = "rtl", -- Should be in the script data module. ["replacements"] = { -- ālif with wasla is replaced by ālif; [U(0x0671)] = U(0x0627), -- taṭwīl, fatḥatan, ḍammatan, kasratan, -- fatḥa, ḍamma, kasra, -- shadda, sukūn, and superscript (dagger) ālif are removed. ["["..U(0x0640)..U(0x064B)..U(0x064C)..U(0x064D) ..U(0x064E)..U(0x064F)..U(0x0650) ..U(0x0651)..U(0x0652)..U(0x0670).."]"] = "", }, }, ["arb"] = { ["name"] = "Modern Standard Arabic", ["article"] = "Modern Standard Arabic", ["direction"] = "rtl", -- Should be in the script data module. ["replacements"] = { -- ālif with wasla is replaced by ālif; [U(0x0671)] = U(0x0627), -- taṭwīl, fatḥatan, ḍammatan, kasratan, -- fatḥa, ḍamma, kasra, -- shadda, sukūn, and superscript (dagger) ālif are removed. ["["..U(0x0640)..U(0x064B)..U(0x064C)..U(0x064D) ..U(0x064E)..U(0x064F)..U(0x0650) ..U(0x0651)..U(0x0652)..U(0x0670).."]"] = "", }, }, ["apc"] = { ["name"] = "North Levantine Arabic", ["article"] = "North Levantine Arabic", ["direction"] = "rtl", -- Should be in the script data module. ["replacements"] = { -- ālif with wasla is replaced by ālif; [U(0x0671)] = U(0x0627), -- taṭwīl, fatḥatan, ḍammatan, kasratan, -- fatḥa, ḍamma, kasra, -- shadda, sukūn, and superscript (dagger) ālif are removed. ["["..U(0x0640)..U(0x064B)..U(0x064C)..U(0x064D) ..U(0x064E)..U(0x064F)..U(0x0650) ..U(0x0651)..U(0x0652)..U(0x0670).."]"] = "", }, }, ["ajp"] = { ["name"] = "South Levantine Arabic", ["article"] = "South Levantine Arabic", ["direction"] = "rtl", -- Should be in the script data module. ["replacements"] = { -- ālif with wasla is replaced by ālif; [U(0x0671)] = U(0x0627), -- taṭwīl, fatḥatan, ḍammatan, kasratan, -- fatḥa, ḍamma, kasra, -- shadda, sukūn, and superscript (dagger) ālif are removed. ["["..U(0x0640)..U(0x064B)..U(0x064C)..U(0x064D) ..U(0x064E)..U(0x064F)..U(0x0650) ..U(0x0651)..U(0x0652)..U(0x0670).."]"] = "", }, }, ["arz"] = { ["name"] = "Egyptian Arabic", ["article"] = "Egyptian Arabic", ["direction"] = "rtl", -- Should be in the script data module. ["replacements"] = { -- ālif with wasla is replaced by ālif; [U(0x0671)] = U(0x0627), -- taṭwīl, fatḥatan, ḍammatan, kasratan, -- fatḥa, ḍamma, kasra, -- shadda, sukūn, and superscript (dagger) ālif are removed. ["["..U(0x0640)..U(0x064B)..U(0x064C)..U(0x064D) ..U(0x064E)..U(0x064F)..U(0x0650) ..U(0x0651)..U(0x0652)..U(0x0670).."]"] = "", }, }, ["av"] = { ["name"] = "Avar" }, ["be"] = { ["article"] = "Belarusian language", ["replacements"] = { [acute] = "", }, }, ["bn"] = { ["name"] = "Bengali", ["article"] = "Bengali language", }, ["blj"] = { ["name"] = "Bulungan", ["article"] = "Bulungan language", }, ["bua"] = { ["name"] = "Buryat", }, ["cel-pro"] = { -- Incorrect tag ["name"] = "Proto-Celtic", ["Wikipedia_code"] = "cel-x-proto", }, ["cel-x-proto"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Celtic", }, ["cel-bry-pro"] = { -- Incorrect tag ["name"] = "Proto-Brythonic", ["article"] = "Common Brittonic", ["type"] = "reconstructed", }, ["com"] = { ["name"] = "Comanche", ["article"] = "Comanche language", }, ["cu"] = { ["name"] = "Old Church Slavonic", ["article"] = "Old Church Slavonic", }, ["de"] = { ["name"] = "German", ["article"] = "German language", }, ["en"] = { ["name"] = "English", ["article"] = "English language", }, ["es"] = { ["name"] = "Spanish", ["article"] = "Spanish language", }, ["egy"] = { ["name"] = "Egyptian", }, ["evn"] = { ["name"] = "Evenki", ["article"] = "Evenki language", }, ["fr"] = { ["name"] = "French", ["article"] = "French language", }, ["frm"] = { ["name"] = "Middle French", ["article"] = "Middle French", }, ["frp"] = { ["name"] = "Franco-Provençal", }, ["ff"] = { ["name"] = "Fula", }, ["gem-pro"] = { -- Incorrect tag ["name"] = "Proto-Germanic", ["article"] = "Proto-Germanic language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, ["Wikipedia_code"] = "gem-x-proto", }, ["gem-x-proto"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Germanic", ["article"] = "Proto-Germanic language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, }, ["gml"] = { ["name"] = "Middle Low German", }, ["gmw-ecg"] = { ["name"] = "East Central German", }, ["gmw-x-proto"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-West Germanic", ["article"] = "Proto-West Germanic language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, }, ["gmq-x-gut"] = { ["name"] = "Gutnish", ["article"] = "Gutnish", }, ["goh"] = { ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. macron .. circumflex .. diaeresis .. "]", }, }, }, ["got"] = { ["name"] = "Gothic", ["article"] = "Gothic language", ["replacements"] = { -- Latin to Gothic since people will not want to have to copy -- and paste Gothic letters in ["[AÁaáĀā]"] = "𐌰", ["[Bb]"] = "𐌱", ["[Gg]"] = "𐌲", ["[Dd]"] = "𐌳", ["[EeĒē]"] = "𐌴", ["[Qq]"] = "𐌵", ["[Zz]"] = "𐌶", ["[Hh]"] = "𐌷", ["[Þþ]"] = "𐌸", ["[IiÍí]"] = "𐌹", ["[Kk]"] = "𐌺", ["[Ll]"] = "𐌻", ["[Mm]"] = "𐌼", ["[Nn]"] = "𐌽", ["[Jj]"] = "𐌾", ["[UuÚúŪū]"] = "𐌿", ["[Pp]"] = "𐍀", ["[Rr]"] = "𐍂", ["[Ss]"] = "𐍃", ["[Tt]"] = "𐍄", ["[WwYy]"] = "𐍅", ["[Ff]"] = "𐍆", ["[Xx]"] = "𐍇", ["[Ƕƕ]"] = "𐍈", -- Not sure if "hw" and "hv" can safely be converted ["[OoŌō]"] = "𐍉", }, }, ["gsw"] = { ["name"] = "Alemannic German", }, ["grc"] = { ["name"] = "Ancient Greek", ["article"] = "Ancient Greek", ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { -- Replace variant letterforms with standard ones. "ϐ", "ϵ", "ϑ", "ϰ", "ϱ", "ϲ", "ϕ", -- Remove macrons and breves. "[" .. macron .. breve .. undertie .. "]" }, to = { "β", "ε", "θ", "κ", "ρ", "σ", "φ", } }, }, ["grk-pro"] = { -- Incorrect tag ["name"] = "Proto-Hellenic", ["Wikipedia_name"] = "Proto-Greek", ["article"] = "Proto-Greek language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, ["Wikipedia_code"] = "grk-x-proto", }, ["grk-x-proto"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Hellenic", ["Wikipedia_name"] = "Proto-Greek", ["article"] = "Proto-Greek language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, }, ["grt"] = { ["name"] = "Garo", }, ["ha"] = { ["name"] = "Hausa", -- remove tilde, grave, acute, macron, circumflex ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. grave .. circumflex .. macron .. acute .. tilde .. "]" }, }, }, ["hi"] = { ["name"] = "Hindi", ["article"] = "Hindi", }, ["ilo"] = { ["name"] = "Ilocano", ["article"] = "Ilocano language", }, ["ine-bsl-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Balto-Slavic", ["article"] = "Proto-Balto-Slavic language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", }, ["ine-pro"] = { -- Incorrect tag ["name"] = "Proto-Indo-European", ["article"] = "Proto-Indo-European language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, ["Wikipedia_code"] = "ine-x-proto", }, ["ine-x-proto"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Indo-European", ["article"] = "Proto-Indo-European language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = {}, }, ["ja"] = { ["name"] = "Japanese", ["article"] = "Japanese language", }, ["jbo"] = { -- Lojban ["type"] = "appendix", }, ["ket"] = { ["name"] = "Ket", ["article"] = "Ket language", }, ["ksk"] = { ["name"] = "Kansa", ["article"] = "Kansa language", }, ["la"] = { ["name"] = "Latin", ["article"] = "Latin", ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. macron .. breve .. diaeresis .. "]" }, }, }, ["lt"] = { ["name"] = "Lithuanian", -- remove acute, tilde, grave ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "[" .. acute .. tilde .. grave .. "]" }, }, }, ["mkh-mvi"] = { ["name"] = "Middle Vietnamese", }, ["moe"] = { ["name"] = "Cree", }, ["mul"] = { ["name"] = "Translingual", ["article"] = "", }, ["nci"] = { ["name"] = "Classical Nahuatl", ["article"] = "Classical Nahuatl", -- Remove macrons, acutes, circumflexes and graves ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, -- Remove macrons, acutes, circumflexes, graves, and saltillo; -- see [[Saltillo (linguistics)]]. from = { "[" .. grave .. acute .. macron .. circumflex .. "Ꞌꞌʻʼ'ʔ]" }, }, }, ["nds-de"] = { ["name"] = "German Low German", }, ["non"] = { ["name"] = "Old Norse", }, ["non-x-proto"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Norse", }, ["odt"] = { ["name"] = "Old Dutch", }, ["oge"] = { ["name"] = "Old Georgian", }, ["oj"] = { ["name"] = "Ojibwe", }, ["orv"] = { ["name"] = "Old East Slavic", ["article"] = "Old East Slavic", ["replacements"] = { [U(0x484)] = "", }, }, ["osp"] = { ["name"] = "Old Spanish", }, ["osx"] = { ["name"] = "Old Saxon", }, ["gug"] = { ["name"] = "Paraguayan Guaraní", }, ["pt"] = { ["name"] = "Portuguese", ["article"] = "Portuguese language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Latn" }, }, ["pa"] = { ["name"] = "Punjabi", ["article"] = "Punjabi language", }, ["pgl"] = { ["name"] = "Primitive Irish", ["article"] = "Primitive Irish", }, ["pis"] = { ["name"] = "Pijin", ["article"] = "Pijin language", }, ["poz-x-poly-proto"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Nuclear Polynesian", ["article"] = "Proto-Polynesian language", ["type"] = "reconstructed", }, ["rap"] = { ["name"] = "Rapa Nui", ["article"] = "Rapa Nui language", }, ["ru"] = { ["name"] = "Russian", ["article"] = "Russian language", ["replacements"] = { [acute] = "", }, }, ["rw"] = { ["name"] = "Rwanda-Rundi", }, ["se"] = { ["replacements"] = { ["([đflmnŋrsšŧv])'%1"] = "%1%1", }, }, ["sem-pro"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Semitic", ["article"] = "Proto-Semitic", ["type"] = "reconstructed", }, ["sh"] = { ["article"] = "Serbo-Croatian language", ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, from = { "([AaEeIiOoUuRrАаЕеИиОоУуРр])[" .. double_grave .. grave .. invbreve .. acute .. macron .. tilde .. "]" }, to = { "%1" }, }, }, ["sl"] = { ["name"] = "Slovene", ["replacements"] = { decompose = true, -- remove tonal orthography from = {"ł", "[" .. grave .. acute .. macron .. double_grave .. invbreve .. circumflex .. dot_below .. "]"}, to = {"l"}, }, }, ["sla-pro"] = { -- Incorrect tag ["name"] = "Proto-Slavic", -- also Common Slavic ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = { ["[ÀÁÃĀȀȂ]"] = "A", ["[àáãāȁȃ]"] = "a", ["[ÈÉẼĒȄȆ]"] = "E", ["[èéẽēȅȇ]"] = "e", ["[ÌÍĨĪȈȊ]"] = "I", ["[ìíĩīȉȋ]"] = "i", ["[ÒÓÕŌȌȎŐ]"] = "O", ["[òóõōȍȏő]"] = "o", ["[ÙÚŨŪȔȖŰ]"] = "U", ["[ùúũūȕȗű]"] = "u", ["[ỲÝỸȲ]"] = "Y", ["[ỳýỹȳ]"] = "y", ["Ǭ"] = "Ǫ", ["ǭ"] = "ǫ", ["[" .. grave .. acute .. double_acute .. tilde .. macron .. double_grave .. invbreve .. "]"] = "", ["ĭ"] = "ь", ["ŭ"] = "ъ", }, ["Wikipedia_code"] = "sla-x-proto", }, ["sla-x-proto"] = { ["name"] = "Proto-Slavic", -- also Common Slavic ["type"] = "reconstructed", ["replacements"] = { ["[ÀÁÃĀȀȂ]"] = "A", ["[àáãāȁȃ]"] = "a", ["[ÈÉẼĒȄȆ]"] = "E", ["[èéẽēȅȇ]"] = "e", ["[ÌÍĨĪȈȊ]"] = "I", ["[ìíĩīȉȋ]"] = "i", ["[ÒÓÕŌȌȎŐ]"] = "O", ["[òóõōȍȏő]"] = "o", ["[ÙÚŨŪȔȖŰ]"] = "U", ["[ùúũūȕȗű]"] = "u", ["[ỲÝỸȲ]"] = "Y", ["[ỳýỹȳ]"] = "y", ["Ǭ"] = "Ǫ", ["ǭ"] = "ǫ", ["[" .. grave .. acute .. double_acute .. tilde .. macron .. double_grave .. invbreve .. "]"] = "", ["ĭ"] = "ь", ["ŭ"] = "ъ", }, }, ["tts"] = { ["name"] = "Isan", -- also "Northeastern Thai" ["article"] = "Isan language", }, ["tzo"] = { ["name"] = "Tzotzil", ["article"] = "Tzotzil language", }, ["ug"] = { ["name"] = "Uyghur", --also less commonly "Uighur" ["article"] = "Uyghur language", }, ["uk"] = { ["article"] = "Ukrainian language", ["replacements"] = { [acute] = "", } }, ["ur"] = { ["name"] = "Urdu", ["article"] = "Urdu", }, ["xcl"] = { ["name"] = "Old Armenian", ["article"] = "Classical Armenian", ["replacements"] = { ["[՞՜՛՟]"] = "", ["և"] = "եւ", }, }, ["xgf"] = { ["name"] = "Tongva", -- not ISO name "Gabrielino-Fernandeño" ["article"] = "Tongva language", ["replacements"] = { ["['`ʔ]"] = "ʼ", }, }, ["xlu"] = { ["name"] = "Luwian", -- not ISO name "Cuneiform Luwian" ["article"] = "Cuneiform Luwian" }, ["xpq"] = { ["name"] = "Mohegan-Pequot", }, ["xxt"] = { ["name"] = "Tambora", ["article"] = "Tambora language", }, ["xvn"] = { ["name"] = "Vandalic", ["article"] = "Vandalic language", }, ["yua"] = { ["name"] = "Yucatec Maya", ["article"] = "Yucatec Maya language", }, ["zh"] = { ["name"] = "Chinese", ["article"] = "Chinese language", -- ["scripts"] = { "Hani" }, }, ["zle-ort"] = { ["name"] = "Old Ruthenian", ["article"] = "Old Ruthenian", ["replacements"] = { [acute] = "", }, }, }, -- Here, keys (for example, "gem") are Wikipedia language codes used in -- {{lang}}, and values (for example, "gem-pro") are the equivalent Wiktionary -- code. -- Subtags are not currently supported. ["redirects"] = { ["aae"] = "sq", ["aiq"] = "fa", ["aln"] = "sq", ["als"] = "sq", ["azb"] = "az", ["azj"] = "az", ["bgn"] = "bal", ["bs"] = "sh", ["bxr"] = "bua", ["ciw"] = "oj", ["cnr"] = "sh", ["fil"] = "tl", ["fuf"] = "ff", ["gem"] = "gem-pro", -- Not correct, but is commonly used. ["hak"] = "zh", ["hbo"] = "he", ["hr"] = "sh", ["ine"] = "ine-pro", -- Not correct, but might be commonly used. ["kjv"] = "sh", ["nan"] = "zh", ["prs"] = "fa", ["rn"] = "rw", ["sli"] = "gmw-ecg", ["sr"] = "sh", ["src"] = "sc", ["sro"] = "sc", ["tw"] = "ak", ["wae"] = "gsw", ["wep"] = "nds-de", ["yue"] = "zh", ["xno"] = "fro", }, } return data os2je7x9hgy975lzx6zs8kn0kkg7nz2 828 51202 306047 2026-08-27T14:23:03Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: p = {} p.makelist = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not args[1] then args = frame:getParent().args if not args[1] then return end end local semi = args.semi if semi then semi = semi:lower() end local oxford = args.oxford if oxford then oxford = oxford:lower() end local embedded = args.embedded if embedded then embedded = embedded:lower() end local out = "" for k, v in ipairs(args) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if v ~= "" then out = out .. "<li>" ..... 306047 Scribunto text/plain p = {} p.makelist = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not args[1] then args = frame:getParent().args if not args[1] then return end end local semi = args.semi if semi then semi = semi:lower() end local oxford = args.oxford if oxford then oxford = oxford:lower() end local embedded = args.embedded if embedded then embedded = embedded:lower() end local out = "" for k, v in ipairs(args) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if v ~= "" then out = out .. "<li>" .. v .. "</li>" end end local listclass = "" if semi then listclass = listclass .. "sslist" else if oxford then if args[3] then listclass = listclass .. "andlistoxford" else listclass = listclass .. "andlist" end else listclass = listclass .. "cslist" end end if embedded then listclass = listclass .. " cslist-embedded" end if out ~= "" then return '<ul class="'.. listclass ..'">' .. out .. '</ul>' end end return p 3fj8k957dg266yw39h8kuabkuaqeqqq 828 51203 306048 2026-08-27T14:25:48Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require('strict') local p = {} local function blank_to_nil(s) if s and #s > 0 then return s end end local function pad(padlen, ...) padlen = tonumber(padlen) or 0 if 1 > select('#', ...) then return ("0"):rep(padlen) end local padsrc = tostring((...)) local srclen = mw.ustring.len(padsrc) if 1 > padlen or 1 > srclen then return "" end return mw.ustring.sub(mw.ustring.rep(padsrc, math.ceil(padlen / srclen)), 1, padlen) end local function padleft(str, ...) str = to... 306048 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local function blank_to_nil(s) if s and #s > 0 then return s end end local function pad(padlen, ...) padlen = tonumber(padlen) or 0 if 1 > select('#', ...) then return ("0"):rep(padlen) end local padsrc = tostring((...)) local srclen = mw.ustring.len(padsrc) if 1 > padlen or 1 > srclen then return "" end return mw.ustring.sub(mw.ustring.rep(padsrc, math.ceil(padlen / srclen)), 1, padlen) end local function padleft(str, ...) str = tostring(str) if 1 > select('#', ...) then return str end local strlen = mw.ustring.len(str) if 1 > strlen then return pad((...), select(2, ...)) end return pad((tonumber((...)) or 0) - strlen, select(2, ...)) .. str end local function padright(str, ...) str = tostring(str) if 1 > select('#', ...) then return str end local strlen = mw.ustring.len(str) if 1 > strlen then return pad((...), select(2, ...)) end return str .. pad((tonumber((...)) or 0) - strlen , select(2, ...)) end local function expr(...) return mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr( ... ) end function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local id = blank_to_nil(args[1] or args.id) if not id then error("Template:LCCN: You must provide an ID.") end local title = blank_to_nil(args[2] or args.title or args.name) local letter_width = (id:match("^%s*[0-9][0-9]") and id:len() < 10) and 0 or 2 local left_part = id:sub(1, letter_width + 2) local right_part = expr(padright(id, letter_width + 8, '.00000'):sub(letter_width + 3, letter_width + 8)) local url = "https://www.loc.gov/item/" .. left_part .. padleft(right_part, 6, 0) if args.long == "yes" then return ("Bibliographic record for [%s %s] at the [[LCCN (identifier)|Library of Congress]]"):format( url, title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) end return ("[[LCCN (identifier)|LCCN]]&nbsp;[%s %s-%s]%s"):format( url, left_part, right_part, title and ('&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;' .. title) or '') end return p 0j1991xlnhsm1bmk3pppp7xmp8ngcaa 828 51204 306049 2026-08-27T14:28:05Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} function p.GetURL(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._GetURL(args) end function p._GetURL(args) local ticker = args[1] local exchange = args.exchange -- By default the exchange will be NYSE if not exchange then exchange = 'NYSE' end -- Get corrected ticker ticker = p.FormatTickerURL(ticker) -- NYSE official URL url = 'https://www.nyse.com/quote/' .. exchangeCode[exchange] .. ':' .. ticker... 306049 Scribunto text/plain local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} function p.GetURL(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._GetURL(args) end function p._GetURL(args) local ticker = args[1] local exchange = args.exchange -- By default the exchange will be NYSE if not exchange then exchange = 'NYSE' end -- Get corrected ticker ticker = p.FormatTickerURL(ticker) -- NYSE official URL url = 'https://www.nyse.com/quote/' .. exchangeCode[exchange] .. ':' .. ticker return url end function p.FormatTickerURL(ticker) -- Convert to upper case ticker = string.upper(ticker) -- NYSE.com formats for preferred shares / when issued -- Example: Input: PRE.PRD, Output: PREpD ticker = string.gsub(ticker, "%.PR", "p") ticker = string.gsub(ticker, "%.WI", "w") return ticker end -- Get NYSE exchange codes exchangeCode = { ['NYSE'] = 'XNYS', ['AMEX'] = 'XASE', ['ARCA'] = 'ARCX', ['NASDAQ'] = 'XNAS' } return p pwm2euyrciddr9o20ate3vx93nprjre 828 51205 306050 2026-08-27T14:30:31Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module implements/replaces -- [[Template:Lunar quadrangle]] -- [[Template:Mars quadrangle]] -- [[Template:Venus quadrangle]] local p = {} local function moonquad(lat, lon) local function LQ(n) if n < 10 then return 'LQ0' .. n else return 'LQ' .. n end end -- Note: requires positive longitude coordinates if lat > 65 then return LQ(1) elseif lat > 30 then if lon >= 180 then return LQ(2 + math.floor( (lon - 180) / 60 ) ) else return LQ(5 + mat... 306050 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements/replaces -- [[Template:Lunar quadrangle]] -- [[Template:Mars quadrangle]] -- [[Template:Venus quadrangle]] local p = {} local function moonquad(lat, lon) local function LQ(n) if n < 10 then return 'LQ0' .. n else return 'LQ' .. n end end -- Note: requires positive longitude coordinates if lat > 65 then return LQ(1) elseif lat > 30 then if lon >= 180 then return LQ(2 + math.floor( (lon - 180) / 60 ) ) else return LQ(5 + math.floor( lon / 60 ) ) end elseif lat >= 0 then if lon >= 180 then return LQ(8 + math.floor( (lon - 180) / 45 ) ) else return LQ(12 + math.floor( lon / 45 ) ) end elseif lat >= -30 then if lon >= 180 then return LQ(16 + math.floor( (lon - 180) / 45 ) ) else return LQ(20 + math.floor( lon / 45 ) ) end elseif lat >= -65 then if lon >= 180 then return LQ(24 + math.floor( (lon - 180) / 60 ) ) else return LQ(27 + math.floor( lon / 60 ) ) end else return LQ(30) end return 'Error' end local function marsquad(lat, lon) -- Note: requires positive longitude coordinates if lat > 65 then return 'Mare Boreum' elseif lat > 30 then if lon < 60 then return 'Ismenius Lacus' elseif lon < 120 then return 'Casius' elseif lon < 180 then return 'Cebrenia' elseif lon < 240 then return 'Diacria' elseif lon < 300 then return 'Arcadia' else return 'Mare Acidalium' end elseif lat >= 0 then if lon < 45 then return 'Arabia' elseif lon < 90 then return 'Syrtis Major' elseif lon < 135 then return 'Amenthes' elseif lon < 180 then return 'Elysium' elseif lon < 225 then return 'Amazonis' elseif lon < 270 then return 'Tharsis' elseif lon < 315 then return 'Lunae Palus' else return 'Oxia Palus' end elseif lat >= -30 then if lon < 45 then return 'Sinus Sabaeus' elseif lon < 90 then return 'Iapygia' elseif lon < 135 then return 'Mare Tyrrhenum' elseif lon < 180 then return 'Aeolis' elseif lon < 225 then return 'Memnonia' elseif lon < 270 then return 'Phoenicis Lacus' elseif lon < 315 then return 'Coprates' else return 'Margaritifer Sinus' end elseif lat >= -65 then if lon < 60 then return 'Noachis' elseif lon < 120 then return 'Hellas' elseif lon < 180 then return 'Eridania' elseif lon < 240 then return 'Phaethontis' elseif lon < 300 then return 'Thaumasia' else return 'Argyre' end else return 'Mare Australe' end end local function mercuryquad(lat, lon) -- Note: requires positive longitude coordinates if lat >= 66 then return 'Borealis' elseif lat >= 21 then if lon < 90 then return 'Hokusai' elseif lon < 180 then return 'Raditladi' elseif lon < 270 then return 'Shakespeare' else return 'Victoria' end elseif lat > -21 then if lon < 72 then return 'Derain' elseif lon < 144 then return 'Eminescu' elseif lon < 216 then return 'Tolstoj' elseif lon < 288 then return 'Beethoven' else return 'Kuiper' end elseif lat > -66 then if lon < 90 then return 'Debussy' elseif lon < 180 then return 'Neruda' elseif lon < 270 then return 'Michelangelo' else return 'Discovery' end else return 'Bach' end return 'Error' end local function venusquad(lat, lon) -- Note: requires positive longitude coordinates if lat > 57 then return 'Ishtar Terra' elseif lat >= 0 then if lon < 60 or lon >= 300 then return 'Sedna Planitia' elseif lon < 180 then return 'Niobe Planitia' else return 'Guinevere Planitia' end elseif lat >= -57 then if lon < 60 or lon >= 300 then return 'Lavinia Planitia' elseif lon < 180 then return 'Aphrodite Terra' else return 'Helen Planitia' end else return 'Lada Terra' end end local function quad_name(lat, lon, globe) -- lower case globe = globe:lower() or '' -- convert to numbers lat = tonumber(lat) or '' lon = tonumber(lon) or '' -- get the quad name if lat ~= '' and lon ~= '' and globe ~= '' then if lon < 0 then lon = lon + 360 end if lon < 0 or lon > 360 then return 'Error' end if globe == 'mars' then return marsquad(lat, lon) elseif globe == 'mercury' then return mercuryquad(lat, lon) elseif globe == 'moon' then return moonquad(lat, lon) elseif globe == 'venus' then return venusquad(lat, lon) end end return 'Error' end function p.category(frame) local args = frame.args local res = quad_name(args['lat'] or '', args['lon'] or '', args['globe'] or '') if res ~= 'Error' then if args['nameonly'] and args['nameonly'] ~= '' then return res else return '[[Category:' .. res .. ' quadrangle]]' end end return '<span class="error">Error</span>' end function p.name(frame) local args = frame.args local res = quad_name(args['lat'] or '', args['lon'] or '', args['globe'] or '') if res ~= 'Error' then return res end return '<span class="error">Error</span>' end return p ochsuumdgms6eoeizz3avzd7er79yne 0 51206 306051 2026-08-27T17:06:44Z Mohamed Abdiwali Yusuf 46970 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366668575|Walkley Awards]]" 306051 wikitext text/x-wiki Walkley Awards waa abaalmarinno sannadle ah oo lagu bixiyo Australia, kuwaas oo lagu aqoonsado laguna sharfo heerka sare ee saxaafadda iyo warbaahinta. Abaalmarinnadu waxay daboolaan dhammaan noocyada warbaahinta, oo ay ka mid yihiin saxaafadda qoraalka ah, telefishanka, filimada documentary-ga ah, raadiyaha, sawir-qaadista iyo warbaahinta internetka. Abaalmarinta ugu sarreysa waa Gold Walkley, waxaana laga dhex doortaa dhammaan dadka ama shaqooyinka ku guuleysta qaybaha kala duwan ee abaalmarinta. Walkley Awards waxaa maamusha Walkley Foundation for Journalism, oo ah hay’adda mas’uulka ka ah maamulka iyo bixinta abaalmarinnadan. Abaalmarinnada '''Nikon Photography Prizes''' ayaa sidoo kale lagu bixiyo xafladda Walkley Awards, iyadoo '''Walkley Foundation''' ay abaalmarinnadaas ku bixiso magaca shirkadda '''Nikon'''.. == Taariikhda == Abaalmarinnada Walkley waxaa la aas-aasay sannadkii '''1956''', waxaana markii ugu horreysay lagu bixiyay '''shan qaybood'''. Waxaa aasaasay ganacsade '''Sir William Walkley''', oo ahaa aasaasihii shirkadda Ampol. Kadib geeridiisii, maamulka abaalmarinnada waxaa la wareegay '''Australian Journalists' Association (AJA)'''. Ururkaas ayaa sannadkii '''1992''' lagu daray '''Media, Entertainment & Arts Alliance (MEAA)'''. Sannadkii '''2000''', MEAA waxay u codeysay in la dhiso '''Walkley Foundation''', oo noqotay hay’adda maamusha abaalmarinnada. Isla sannadkaas, '''Walkley Awards''' waxaa lagu daray '''Nikon Press Photographer of the Year Awards''', taasoo keentay in labada abaalmarinood lagu mideeyo hal nidaam abaalmarin. <ref>"64th Annual Nikon-Walkley Press Photography Award winners announced - Australian Photography".</ref> Xafladda sannadkii '''2015''' waxaa la qabtay '''3-dii Diseembar''' magaalada Melbourne, gaar ahaan '''Crown Casino''', waxaana si toos ah looga baahiyey internetka, sidoo kale waxaa laga sii daayey '''A-PAC'''.<ref>Knox, David (23 October 2015). "Walkley Awards 2015: nominees". TV Tonight. Retrieved 3 December 2015.</ref> Sannadkii '''2016''', munaasabadda waxaa loo wareejiyey '''Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre'''.<ref>Knox, David (21 October 2016). "2016 Walkey Awards: nominees". ''TV Tonight''. Retrieved 22 October 2016.</ref> Sannadkii '''2023''', abaalmarinta '''“Outstanding Contribution to Journalism”''' waxaa loo furay oo keliya '''haweenka''', kadib markii cilmi-baaris gudaha ah lagu ogaaday in taariikh ahaan ay jirtay '''matalaad aad u yar oo haweenku ku lahaayeen abaalmarintan'''. <ref>Cleal, Olivia (19 July 2023). "Major change to Walkley Awards to address gender biases in media". Retrieved 5 July 2025.</ref><ref>Clarke, Tyrone (13 July 2023). "Walkley Awards come under fire after banning men from major journalism prize in a bid to 'redress the gender balance'". Retrieved 5 July 2025.</ref> == Abaalmarinada == Marka laga reebo '''abaalmarinta buugga aan mala-awaalka ahayn (non-fiction)''', shaqooyinka u qalma abaalmarinta waa kuwa keliya ee ay daabaceen hay’adaha warbaahineed ee fadhigoodu yahay Australia. Qoraallada ama shaqooyinka la soo gudbiyo waxaa marka hore qiimeeya '''guddi garsoorayaal ah''', iyagoo eegaya arrimo ay ka mid yihiin: muhiimadda warka, cilmi-baarista, qoraalka, tayada wax-soo-saarka, qoto-dheeraanta iyo caddeynta, saamaynta, faa’iidada bulshada, anshaxa, hal-abuurka, curinta iyo kartida farshaxannimo. Marka ay timaaddo garaafyada iyo warbaahinta elektaroonigga ah, waxaa sidoo kale la tixgeliyaa shuruudo kale oo ku habboon qaybtaas. Guddiga garsoorayaashu waxay '''saddex musharrax''' u gudbiyaan '''Guddiga La-talinta Walkley (Walkley Advisory Board)'''. Guddigaas ayaa dooranaya qofka ama shaqada ugu wanaagsan qayb kasta, sidoo kalena dooranaya ku guuleystayaasha abaalmarinnada '''“Sawir-qaadaha Saxaafadda ee Sannadka” (Press Photographer of the Year)''', '''“Abaalmarinta Hoggaaminta Saxaafadda” (Journalism Leadership Award)''' iyo '''“Gold Walkley”'''.<ref name=":0">"Walkley Award categories explained". ''The Walkley Foundation''. 30 June 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.</ref><ref>"The Walkley Awards: FAQs". ''The Walkley Foundation''. 27 June 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.</ref> Kuwa u soo baxa '''wareegga kama dambaysta ah (Finalists)''' waxaa soo xula guddi madax-bannaan oo ka kooban saxafiyiin iyo sawir-qaadayaal caan ah oo khibrad iyo sumcad ku leh mihnaddooda. Abaalmarinnadu waxay daboolaan dhammaan noocyada warbaahinta, oo ay ka mid yihiin '''warbaahinta daabacan, telefishanka, raadiyaha, sawir-qaadista iyo warbaahinta internetka'''. Abaalmarinnadan waxaa loo arki karaa inay yihiin '''dhiggooda Australia ee Abaalmarinta Pulitzer Prize''' ee dalka Mareykanka.<ref>The Walkley Foundation. The Walkley Awards – history {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060918171732/http://www.walkleys.com/the-awards/winners/history.html|date=18 September 2006}}, retrieved 6 December 2006.</ref><ref>AAP MediaNet Media Release: The Walkley Awards {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070326134137/http://www.rummage.com.au/AAPView.aspx?id=31609|date=26 March 2007}}, retrieved 6 December 2006</ref> '''Gold Walkley''' waa abaalmarinta ugu weyn ee Walkley Awards, waxaana lagu doortaa dhammaan ku guuleystayaasha qaybaha kala duwan ee abaalmarinta<ref name=":1">"Walkley awards". ''Pandora''. National Library of Australia and partners. Retrieved 5 December 2014.</ref> Abaalmarinnadan waxaa lagu kaydiyey '''Pandora Archive''' tan iyo sannadkii '''2002'''.<ref name=":1" /> Finalists-ka waxaa si rasmi ah loo shaaciyaa '''bisha Oktoobar ee sannad kasta''', halka abaalmarinnadana lagu bixiyo '''xaflad rasmi ah''' oo la qabto dhammaadka bisha '''Nofeembar''' ama bilowga bisha '''Diseembar'''. == Qaybaha == Laga bilaabo sannadkii '''2020''', abaalmarinnada waxaa lagu bixin jiray '''qaybaha soo socda'''<ref name=":0" />  '''Qaybaha Waaweyn''' * '''Gold Walkley''' – Abaalmarinta ugu sarreysa ee Walkley Awards * '''Outstanding Contribution to Journalism''' – Waxqabadka Muddada Dheer ee Saxaafadda * '''Nikon-Walkley Australian Press Photographer of the Year''' – Sawir-qaadaha Saxaafadda Australia ee Sannadka * '''Longform Journalism''' – Saxaafadda Qoraallada Dheer === Abaalmarinnada Buugga iyo Documentary-ga === * '''Walkley Book Award''' – Abaalmarinta Buugga * '''Walkley Documentary Award''' – Abaalmarinta Documentary-ga === Saxaafadda Qoraalka === * '''News Report''' – Warbixinta Wararka * '''Feature Writing – Short''' – Qoraal Feature ah oo gaaban, ka yar 4,000 eray * '''Feature Writing – Long''' – Qoraal Feature ah oo dheer, ka badan 4,000 eray === Sawir-qaadista === * '''News Photography''' – Sawir-qaadista Wararka * '''Sport Photography''' – Sawir-qaadista Ciyaaraha * '''Feature/Photographic Essay''' – Qormo Sawirro ah === Nikon Photography Prizes === Kuwani '''ma aha Walkley Awards''', balse waxaa maamusha '''Walkley Foundation''' iyadoo abaalmarinnada lagu bixinayo magaca '''Nikon'''. * '''Photo of the Year''' – Sawirka Sannadka * '''Portrait Prize''' – Abaalmarinta Sawirka Qofka * '''Community/Regional Prize''' – Abaalmarinta Bulshada/Gobollada * '''Contemporary Australian Daily Life Prize''' – Abaalmarinta Nolosha Maalinlaha ah ee Australia Casriga ah === Saxaafadda Raadiyaha/Maqalka === * '''News and Current Affairs''' – Wararka iyo Arrimaha Maanta * '''Audio Feature''' – Barnaamij ama Qormo Maqal ah === Saxaafadda Telefishanka/Muuqaalka === * '''News Reporting''' – Warbixinta Wararka * '''Current Affairs – Short''' – Arrimaha Maanta oo gaaban, ka yar 20 daqiiqo * '''Current Affairs – Long''' – Arrimaha Maanta oo dheer, ka badan 20 daqiiqo * '''Camerawork''' – Shaqada Kaamirada === Warbaahinta oo Dhan === * '''Innovation''' – Hal-abuurka Warbaahinta * '''Coverage of a Major News Event or Issue''' – Tebinta Dhacdo ama Arrin War oo Muhiim ah * '''Scoop of the Year''' – Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee Sannadka * '''Business Journalism''' – Saxaafadda Ganacsiga * '''Coverage of Community & Regional Affairs''' – Tebinta Arrimaha Bulshada iyo Gobollada * '''Investigative Journalism''' – Saxaafadda Baaritaanka * '''Coverage of Indigenous Affairs''' – Tebinta Arrimaha Dadka Asalka ah * '''Sports Journalism''' – Saxaafadda Ciyaaraha * '''Public Service Journalism''' – Saxaafadda Adeegga Dadweynaha * '''Commentary, Analysis, Opinion and Critique''' – Faallo, Falanqayn, Aragti iyo Dhaliil * '''Headline, Caption or Hook''' – Cinwaan, Qoraal Sawir ama Hook * '''Production''' – Soo-saarista * '''Cartoon''' – Kartoonka siyaasadeed ama saxaafadeed == Qaybaha Taariikhiga ah == {{div col}} * [[Walkley Award for Journalism Leadership|Journalism Leadership]] (1997–2017) *[[Walkley Award for Broadcast Interviewing|Broadcast Interviewing]] (1997–2017?) - various name changes, most recently Interviewing. * Three Headings * Newspaper Feature Writing * Magazine Feature Writing * Artwork * Daily Life Photography * Editorial Graphics and Design * Best Use of Medium * Coverage of Suburban or Regional Affairs * International Journalism * Coverage of Asia-Pacific Region * Coverage of Sport * Social Equity Journalism * Commentary, Analysis, Opinion and Critique|Commentary, Analysis, Opinion and Critique {{div col end}} == Eeg sidoo kale == * Liiska Abaalmarinta Saxaafadda * Abaalmarino loogu magac daray dadka == Tixraacyada == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abaalmarin]] [[Category:Australia]] maibmmijprtmunv2m8yyvbym6i3fane 0 51207 306053 2026-08-27T18:15:22Z Soalt 39618 sii toosi cusub 306053 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lo'gesi]] 41k6qodw0qluc3lmiy7o7w1q3w1vw2b 0 51208 306054 2026-08-27T18:15:55Z Soalt 39618 sii toosi cusub 306054 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lo'gesi]] 41k6qodw0qluc3lmiy7o7w1q3w1vw2b 0 51209 306055 2026-08-27T18:18:25Z Soalt 39618 sii toosi cusub 306055 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lo'gesi]] 41k6qodw0qluc3lmiy7o7w1q3w1vw2b 0 51210 306077 2026-08-28T02:45:48Z Soalt 39618 Soalt la wareejiyay bogga [[Esberanto]] ilaa [[Af Esberanto]]: magaca af inoo ka bilowdo waaye af, tusaale ahaan af-ingiriis, maaha ingiriis 306077 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Af Esberanto]] fdqxh9xb7dasobsssiedeo71bg6157n 0 51211 306079 2026-08-28T03:37:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hermersberg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|19|23|N|7|38|02|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hermersberg in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Waldfischbach-Burgalben |elevation = 408-427 |area = 13.02 |postal_code = 66919 |area_code = 06333 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 016 |website = [http://www.hermersberg.de/ www.hermersberg.de] |mayor = Erich Sommer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südwestpfalz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Hermersberg''' ({{langx|pfl|Hermerschberch}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Südwestpfalz]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]] waxayna hoos timaadaa ururka degmada ee [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]]. Waxay ku taal cidhirka galbeed ee [[Palatinate Forest|Kaynta Palatinate]], qiyaastii 15 km waqooyi-bari ee [[Pirmasens]], dusha sare ee [[Sickingen Heights|Buuraleyda Sickingen]], waana degmada ugu weyn ee halkaas ku taal. == Dadweynaha == 69% dadka ku nool Hermersberg waa [[Catholic|Kaatoolig]], 23% waa [[Protestantism|Protestantoog]];<ref name="EWOISneu">EWOISneu : [http://213.139.154.35:8484/Statistik/user/anzeigen.php?ags=0734006016 Gemeindestatistik aus dem landeseinheitlichen System] </ref> horumarka dadweynaha waxaa la caddeyn karaa tan iyo 1800.<ref>Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte: [http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/pirmasens.html#ew39aheo Stadt und Landkreis Pirmasens]</ref> Laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 1970 tirada dadku si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u yaraanaysaa.<ref name="StatLARLP">Stat. Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz: [http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/lis/MeineRegion/gebieteInfoDetail.aspx?t=4&id=A&key=0734006016&kmaid=2520&zmaid=637&topic=2047&subject=20 Bevölkerungsentwicklung als Zeitreihe]</ref> Horumarka dadweynaha (tan iyo 1800): {| class="wikitable" |- align="right" bgcolor="lightgrey" | align="left" bgcolor="lightgrey" | '''Sanadka''' | 1800 | 1815 | 1835 | 1871 | 1905 | 1925 | 1933 | 1939 | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 |- align="right" | align="left" bgcolor="lightgrey" | '''Dadweynaha''' | 239 | 435 | 611 | 794 | 1.096 | 1.211 | 1.343 | 1.459 | 1.556 | 1.755 | 1.932 | 1.877 | 1.830 | 1.813 | 1.740 | 1.726 | 1.733 |} == Tixraacyo == <references/> {{commons}} {{Authority control}} i0k0hw6k95q545amejm87ye4ca2emvo 0 51212 306080 2026-08-28T03:39:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | name = Hermershausen | name_local = | image_photo = Hermershausen (Marburg) (0001).JPG | imagesize = 268px | image_caption = | image_coa = | coordinates = {{coord|50|47|17|N|8|41|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | Karte = | image_plan = Karte Marburg Stadtteile und Nachbargemeinden.png | plantext = Stadtteile of Marburg | state = | district = [[Marburg-Biedenkopf]] | type = Borough | City = [[Marburg]] | elevation = 198-223 | area = 4.18 | population = 387 | population_as_of = 2019-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www.marburg.de/downloads/datei/OTAwMDE5Nzc1Oy07L3d3dy92aHRkb2NzL21hcmJ1cmcvbWFyYnVyZy9tZWRpZW4vZG9rdW1lbnRlL2hhdXNoYWx0c3BsYW5fMjAyMV9iYW5kX2lfXzNfXy5wZGY= |title=Haushaltssatzung und Haushaltsplan 2021|publisher=Stadt Marburg|page=7|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> | postal_code = 35041 | area_code = 06421 | website = }} [[Image: Kirche Marburg-Hermershausen.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Kaniisadda Hermershausen]] '''Hermershausen''' waa xaafad (''[[Ortsbezirk]]'') ka tirsan magaalada [[Marburg]] ee gobolka [[Hesse]].<ref>[https://www.marburg.de/medien/satzungen/900000357_hauptsatzung_i.d.f._xxiii._nachtrag_inkrafttreten_am_27.11.2021.pdf Hauptsatzung der Universitätsstadt Marburg], § 3, 27 November 2021.</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * https://www.marburg.de/hermershausen {{Commons-inline}} {{Authority control}} ncckeiossyfhseuzlfon88n4h251zc9 0 51213 306081 2026-08-28T03:40:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Heroldsbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|42|N|11|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Heroldsbach in FO.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Forchheim |elevation = 280-370 |area = 15.59 |postal_code = 91336 |area_code = 09190 |licence = FO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 74 135 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.heroldsbach.de/ www.heroldsbach.de] |mayor = Benedikt Graf von Bentzel<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Heroldsbach''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Forchheim (district)|Forchheim]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412012203/http://www.schloss-thurn.de/html/index.html ''Schloss Thurn''] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 61q83cb550kulmnbdmg7qevhy4pa24y 0 51214 306082 2026-08-28T03:42:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Herresbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|21|32|N|7|1|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Herresbach in MYK.png |state = |district = Mayen-Koblenz |Verbandsgemeinde = Vordereifel |elevation = 486 |area = 8.47 |postal_code = 56729 |area_code = 02691, 02656 |licence = MYK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 035 |website = [http://www.herresbach-eifel.de/ www.herresbach-eifel.de] |mayor = Achim Bürger<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Herresbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛʁəsbax}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Mayen-Koblenz]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.vordereifel.de/index.php?id=198 Herresbach] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} tm7l54ie9t0ruk1nudmo1cg8zntkdvh 0 51215 306083 2026-08-28T03:44:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Herrieden COA.svg |image_skyline = Herrieden 003.jpg |image_caption = Muuqaalka hawada |coordinates = {{coord|49|13|N|10|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Herrieden in AN.svg |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Ansbach |elevation = 423 |area = 81.66 |postal_code = 91567 |area_code = 09825 |licence = AN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 71 166 |divisions = 38 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.herrieden.de/ www.herrieden.de] |mayor = Dorina Jechnerer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Herrieden''' ({{IPA|de|hɛˈʁiːdn̩|-|De-Herrieden.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Ansbach (district)|Ansbach]] waxayna ku taal gobolka [[Middle Franconia]] ee [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal wabi hoosaadka [[Altmühl]], qiyaastii 9 km (6 mayl) koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada [[Ansbach]], 47 km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada [[Nürnberg]], 95 km bari ka xigta [[Heilbronn]] iyo 144 km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta Munich. Waa qayb ka mid ah urur bulshadeed la leh degmooyinka u dhow ee Aurach, Burgoberbach, iyo Leutershausen. Herrieden waxay u dhowdahay wadada weyn ee A6 inta u dhaxeysa Nürnberg iyo Heilbronn. Herrieden maamul ahaan waxay ka sareysaa magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Neunstetten ee waqooyi, Rauenzell ee bari iyo Elbersroth ee koonfur-galbeed. Tuulooyinka kale ee maamul ahaan hoos timaada Herrieden waxaa ka mid ah Birkach, Bittelhof, Böckau, Brünst, Buschhof, Esbach, Gimpertshausen, Gräbenwinden, Heuberg, Höfstetten, Hohenberg, Lammelbach, Lattenbuch, Leibelbach, Leuckersdorf, Leutenbuch, Limbach, Manndorf, Mühlbruck, Niederdombach, Oberschönbronn, Regmannsdorf, Rös, Roth, Sauerbach, Schernberg, Schönau, Seebronn, Sickersdorf, [[Stadel bei Herrieden|Stadel]], Stegbruck, Steinbach, Velden iyo Winn. Degganashadii ugu horreysay ee la diiwaangeliyo ee Herrieden waxay ahayd keniisad lagu magacaabo Hasenried (Laatiin ''Nazaruda'') sanadkii 782.<ref>Cf. ''[[Notitia de servitio monasteriorum]]''.</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.herrieden.de/ Mareegta degmada] {{Commons category|Herrieden}} {{Authority control}} 0bnwwomb6v5ova0xkc8yjf26g9tnnpv 0 51216 306084 2026-08-28T03:46:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Herrischried.png |coordinates = {{coord|47|40|N|08|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Herrischried Ortseingang.jpg |image_plan = Herrischried in WT.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Waldshut |elevation = 884 |area = 37.51 |postal_code = 79737 |area_code = 07764 |licence = WT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 37 049 |website = [https://www.herrischried.de/ www.herrischried.de] |mayor = Christian Dröse<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Herrischried''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛʁɪʃʁiːt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Waldshut (district)|Waldshut]] ee gobolka Baden-Württemberg, dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} 4fzxi7mm00ckvf78w2u18c6rspb89hv 0 51217 306085 2026-08-28T03:47:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Herrngiersdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|48|N|12|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Herrngiersdorf in KEH.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Kelheim |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Langquaid |elevation = 405 |area = 25.09 |postal_code = 84097 |area_code = 09452 |licence = KEH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 73 127 |website = {{url|http://www.herrngiersdorf.de}} |mayor = |party = }} '''Herrngiersdorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Kelheim (district)|Kelheim]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Tuulada waxaa ku dhex yaal [[Schloss Herrngiersdorf|Qasriga weyn ee labajibbaaran ee Herrngiersdorf]], oo ah meel warshadda khamriga ah. == Juqraafi == Herrngiersdorf waxay ku taal koonfurta [[Langquaid]] waxayna ka kooban tahay Herrngiersdorf, Sandsbach, Semerskirchen, iyo Sittelsdorf. == Sawirro == <Gallery> Ententeich bei Semerskirchen 2.jpg|Harada ku taal Semerskirchen Herrngiersdorf St Martin.JPG|Kaniisadda St. Martin Herrngiersdorf Schloss.JPG|[[Schloss Herrngiersdorf]] </Gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} 5ngb6rqcxviu0ikurhgrk7eiywikjga 0 51218 306086 2026-08-28T03:49:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Herschbroich.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|21|59|N|6|58|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Herschbroich in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Adenau |elevation = 408 |area = 7.27 |postal_code = 53518 |area_code = 02691 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 028 |website = [http://www.herschbroich.de/ www.herschbroich.de] |mayor = Monika Korden<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Herschbroich''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal gudaha wadada tartanka baabuurta ee asalka ah ee [[Nürburgring]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} da58u8jc55pd2rmhq7plfaatfs4r23i 0 51219 306087 2026-08-28T03:51:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Hersdorf |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|10|15.84|N|6|30|28.49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hersdorf in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Prüm |elevation = 500 |area = 12.86 |postal_code = 54597 |area_code = 06553 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 332 |website = [https://www.hersdorf-eifel.de/ www.hersdorf-eifel.de] |mayor = Karl Hansen<ref>[https://ol.wittich.de/titel/710/ausgabe/24/2023/artikel/00000000000037165716-OL-710-2023-24-24-0 Ergebnisse aus der öffentlichen Sitzung des Ortsgemeinderates Hersdorf vom 31.05.2023], Prümer Rundschau 24/2023, accessed 16 July 2023 (in German).</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Hersdorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0vhg9l0kqdydtbtbirh9xl5fujzw36g 0 51220 306088 2026-08-28T03:53:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Hetlingen.png |image_coa = DEU Hetlingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|36|N|9|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hetlingen in PI.svg |state = |district = Pinneberg |Amt = Geest und Marsch Südholstein |elevation = 0 |area = 24.1 |postal_code = 25491 |area_code = 04103 |licence = PI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 56 027 |website = [http://www.amt-haseldorf.de/ www.amt-haseldorf.de] |mayor = Michael Rahn |party = }} '''Hetlingen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Pinneberg (district)|Pinneberg]] ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Hetlingen waa goobta ay ku yaalliin [[Elbe Crossing 1]] iyo [[Elbe Crossing 2]], oo ah laba saldhig oo gudbinta [[electric power transmission|korontada]] ah oo ka gudba wabiga [[Elbe]]. [[Electricity pylon|Munaaradaha]] korontada ee Elbe Crossing 2 waa munaaradaha ugu dhaadheer Yurub. Hetlingen sidoo kale waxay leedahay [[sewage treatment|xarunta daaweynta biyaha khaska ah]] ee ugu weyn gobolka Schleswig-Holstein, taas oo daawaysa biyaha wasakhda ah ee degmooyin dhowr ah oo leh wadarta dadweynaha qiyaastii 450,000. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8z3lmpbbnv06e3jrmdjzhunipo65gnm 0 51221 306089 2026-08-28T03:55:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|54|42|N|11|17|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hetschburg in AP.png |state = |district = Weimarer Land |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mellingen |elevation = 260 |area = 2.72 |postal_code = 99438 |area_code = 036458 |licence = AP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 71 031 |mayor = Alexander Loß<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Hetschburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛtʃbʊʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Weimarer Land]] ee gobolka [[Thuringia]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} njumu6k8kjh3rminf1zfjt7r4cgoruy 0 51222 306090 2026-08-28T03:56:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hettenhausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|20|9|N|7|33|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hettenhausen in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Thaleischweiler-Wallhalben |elevation = 391 |area = 4.39 |postal_code = 66919 |area_code = 06375 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 018 |website = |mayor = Tobias Woll<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südwestpfalz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Hettenhausen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Südwestpfalz]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3gq1369jjkkum7xf1h7g7uwv54th58h 0 51223 306091 2026-08-28T03:58:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hettenshausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|30|N|11|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hettenshausen in PAF.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Pfaffenhofen a.d.Ilm |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Ilmmünster |elevation = 435 |area = 18.6 |postal_code = 85276 |area_code = 08441 |licence = PAF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 86 126 |mayor = Wolfgang Hagl<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Hettenshausen''' ({{IPA|de|hɛtn̩sˈhaʊzn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Pfaffenhofen (district)|Pfaffenhofen]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2nqk0mkgic05p221e7zghm1m63t6mbg 0 51224 306092 2026-08-28T03:59:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = Hettingen Wappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|48|12|58|N|9|13|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Karte Hettingen.png |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Sigmaringen |elevation = 644 |area = 46.06 |postal_code = 72513 |area_code = 07574 |licence = SIG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 37 047 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.hettingen.de/ www.hettingen.de] |mayor = Daniel Eiffler<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-hettingen-2024/ Bürgermeisterwahl Hettingen 2024], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;32 |party = }} '''Hettingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛtɪŋən|-|De-Hettingen.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Sigmaringen (district)|Sigmaringen]], ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal 14 km waqooyi ka xigta [[Sigmaringen]]. Hettingen waxay liqday degmadii hore ee madax-bannaanayd ee Inneringen sanadkii 1975. [[File:KircheundDorfmitteInneringen.jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda St. Martin Inneringen]] == Duqeyda Magaalada == Uwe Bühler waxaa loo doortay duqa magaalada Oktoober 2008.<ref>''Uwe Bühler waa duqa cusub ee Hettingen''. In: ''Schwäbische Zeitung'' vom 13.&nbsp;Oktober 2008</ref> Bühler wuxuu geeriyooday 2011 isagoo 50 jir ah cudurka kansarka awgii,<ref>[http://www.schwaebische.de/region/sigmaringen-tuttlingen/gammertingen/rund-um-gammertingen_artikel,-Schock-Uwe-Buehler-erliegt-seinem-Krebsleiden-_arid,5141403.html www.schwaebische.de]</ref> Febraayo 2012 Dagmar Kuster waxaa loo doortay duqa magaalada. Duqeyda Hettingen * ilaa 1974: Johann Knaus (CDU) Duqeyda Inneringen * 1905–1933: Josef Kempf * 1933–1945: Wilhelm Fritz * 1945–1948: Johann Georg Ott * 1949–1974: Johann Georg Brandstetter Duqeyda Hettingen ka dib mideyntii Inneringen * 1975–1999: Johannes Müller (CDU) * 1999–2008: Stefan Bubeck (CDU) * 2008–2011: Uwe Bühler (CDU) * 2012–2024: Dagmar Kuster * tan iyo 2024: Daniel Eiffler == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ppo8j8jcy1afrsc0ewmbgyvmpdp81zv 0 51225 306093 2026-08-28T04:01:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hettstadt COA.svg |image_photo = |image_caption = |coordinates = {{coord|49|48|N|9|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hettstadt in WÜ.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Würzburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hettstadt |elevation = 307 |area = 13.92 |postal_code = 97265 |area_code = 0931 |licence = WÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 79 146 |website = [http://www.hettstadt.de/ www.hettstadt.de] |mayor = Andrea Rothenbucher<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Hettstadt''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Würzburg (district)|Würzburg]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0v34wc3jwpkjy1wr159g9rveszsq6oj 0 51226 306094 2026-08-28T04:02:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|43|24|N|7|37|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Heupelzen in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 310 |area = 2.58 |postal_code = 57612 |area_code = 02681 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 051 |divisions = 2 |website = {{url|https://www.vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de/gemeinde-politik/uebersicht-ortsgemeinden/heupelzen|vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de}} |mayor = Rainer Düngen<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Heupelzen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} ea3818actlbajm6byfuhvyxs3fbi251 0 51227 306095 2026-08-28T04:04:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Heuthen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|19|55|N|10|13|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Heuthen in EIC.svg |state = |district = Eichsfeld |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Leinetal |elevation = 410 |area = 10.08 |postal_code = 37308 |area_code = 036084 |licence = EIC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 61 047 |website = [http://www.heuthen.de/ www.heuthen.de] |mayor = Michael Gaßmann<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Heuthen''' waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan [[district|degmada]] [[Eichsfeld (district)|Eichsfeld]] ee gobolka [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waa xarunta qayb maamul oo heerka afraad ah. Sannadkii 2017 waxay lahayd dadweyne gaaraya 764.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Heuthen, Heuthen, Eichsfeld, Thuringia, Germany|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2904974.html|access-date=2020-07-13|website=www.mindat.org}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} bx1slwiiwsx01kihh4lmxi7e2acixzf 0 51228 306096 2026-08-28T04:06:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Heyen.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|1|N|9|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Heyen in HOL.svg |state = |district = Holzminden |Samtgemeinde = Bodenwerder-Polle |elevation = 138 |area = 8.30 |postal_code = 37619 |area_code = 05533 |licence = HOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 55 020 |website = [http://www.gemeinde-heyen.de/ www.gemeinde-heyen.de] |mayor = Michael Zieseniß }} '''Heyen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Holzminden (district)|Holzminden]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8mewe5ckqg4d4p1nktk5gok3tmwxdga 0 51229 306097 2026-08-28T04:08:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Hilders |image_coa = Wappen Hilders.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|34|N|10|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hilders in FD.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Fulda |elevation = 518 |area = 70.37 |postal_code = 36115 |area_code = 06681 |licence = FD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 31 012 |website = [https://www.hilders.de/ www.hilders.de] |mayor = Ronny Günkel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Hilders''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɪldɐs}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Fulda (district)|Fulda]], ee gobolka [[Hesse|Hessen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Dhinaca waqooyi waxaa ka kaca buurta [[Auersberg (Hilders)|Auersberg]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1ufg93dh24cuxt9gyyb9mzqci5g7575 0 51230 306098 2026-08-28T04:09:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = Hilgenroth1.jpg |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|44|10|N|7|39|2|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hilgenroth in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 285 |area = 2.96 |postal_code = 57612 |area_code = 02682 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 052 |website = {{URL|https://gemeinde-hilgenroth.de/}} |mayor = Michael Rüttger<ref>[https://gemeinde-hilgenroth.de/ortsgemeinderat/ Ortsgemeinderat – Ortsgemeinde Hilgenroth], retrieved 27 July 2026 (German)</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Hilgenroth''' waa tuulo ku taal degmada [[Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld]] ee [[Altenkirchen (district)|degmada Altenkirchen]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == [[File:Beulskopf.JPG|thumb|The Beulskopf]] Munaarada Raiffeisen ee buurta lagu magacaabo ''Beulskopf'' waxay siisaa aragti cajiib ah agagaarka. == Kooxaha == Kooxaha caanka ah ee Hilgenroth waxaa ka mid ah kooxda kubadda cagta ''FFC Hilgenroth'', kooxaha heesaha ''MGV Hilgenroth 1866'' iyo ''Frauenchor'' iyo sidoo kale kooxda dabaaldega [[carnival]]-ka ee ''Könichreich Hilgenroth''. == Gaadiidka == Goobta tareenka ee ugu dhow waa ''Kloster Marienthal'' oo ku taal [[Engers-Au railway]], taas oo ay u adeegto khadka RB90 ([[Limburg an der Lahn|Limburg]] - [[Diez, Germany|Diez Ost]] - [[Westerburg]] - [[Nistertal-Bad Marienberg station|Nistertal-Bad Marienberg]] - Hachenburg - [[Altenkirchen (Westerw) station|Altenkirchen]] - [[Au (Sieg) station|Au (Sieg)]] - [[Wissen]] - [[Kirchen (Sieg)]] - [[Siegen Hauptbahnhof|Siegen Hbf]]), oo ay maamusho RB90 ee [[DreiLänderBahn]], oo ah qayb ka tirsan [[Hessische Landesbahn]] (HLB) Khadka basaska deegaanka 288 wuxuu ku xiraa Hilgenroth magaalooyinka Au (Sieg), Hamm, Marienthal iyo [[Breitscheidt]]. Hilgenroth waxay ku taal ururka gaadiidka VRM, lambarka aagga 913. Hilgenroth waxay ku taal Westerwaldsteig, oo ah marin socod iyo baaskiil oo fog oo ka yimaada Herborn ilaa Rennerod, Westerburg, [[Bad Marienberg]] iyo [[Hachenburg]] ilaa [[Bad Hönningen]]. Saldhigga Kloster Marienthal, oo ku yaal Hilgenroth, laakiin loogu magac daray laguna isticmaalo inta badan booqdayaasha iyo dadka deggan degmada Marienthal (oo ah goob xaj iyo sidoo kale martigelisa keniisaddii hore ee [[Franciscans|Franciscan]]) ee tuulada Seelbach (oo u dhow [[Hamm (Sieg)]]), ayaa dhowr jeer halis ugu jirtay in la xiro, sababtoo ah loolanka lagu gaarayo tareenada dhinaca Cologne ee saldhigga Au (Siege), laakiin weli la sugayo tareenada ka imaanaya Frankfurt (Main) ee saldhigga Limburg (Lahn). Saldhigyo badan oo tareen oo ku teedsan khadka RB90 sida [[Hattert]], [[Unnau|Unnau-Korb]] iyo [[Frickhofen]], ayaa loo beddelay saldhigyo aan lahayn suurtogalnimo is-dhaafsi. Sidoo kale sanadkii 2017 dad badani waxay ka dhex muuqdeen dhaqdhaqaaqa ka soo horjeeda xiritaanka saldhigga Kloster Marienthal, xitaa urur taageero oo lagu magacaabo ''Klosterdorf Marienthal'' (Magaalada Keniisadda Marienthal), ayaa la aas-aasay, madaxdu waxay ahaayeen Uwe Steiniger oo ka socda ''Klostergastronomie Marienthal'' (Makhaayadda Keniisadda Marienthal), Wadaad Frank Aumüller iyo Dietmar Schumacher oo ka socda kooxda deegaanka ee [[SPD]] ee degmada [[Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld]]. Ururkan taageerada ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay codsi internetka ah si loo ilaaliyo saldhigga tareenka waxayna ururiyeen 2,500 oo cod. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ni3zu6i3xf8aagzajqzzm4dn8x4kyyp 0 51231 306099 2026-08-28T04:11:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hilgermissen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|50|46|N|9|9|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hilgermissen in NI.svg |state = |district = Nienburg/Weser |Samtgemeinde = Grafschaft Hoya |elevation = 16 |area = 54.43 |postal_code = 27318 |area_code = 04256, 04251, 04255 |licence = NI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 56 013 |divisions = 8 |website = [http://www.hoya-weser.de/ www.hoya-weser.de] |mayor = Johann Hustedt |party = }} '''Hilgermissen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Nienburg (district)|Nienburg]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa lagu gartaa xaqiiqda ah in waddooyinka deegaanka aan la magacaabin. Halkaas oo ciwaannada lagu bixiyo lambarka guriga oo lagu daray magaca tuulada iyo [[postal code|koodka boostada]]. Codbixin dadweyne oo deegaanka ahayd oo dhacday Febraayo 2019, 60 boqolkiiba dadkii codeeyay ayaa diiday soo jeedin ah in la soo bandhigo magacyada waddooyinka.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/a-47345093 |title= German town votes 'No' to street names |last=Martin |first=Nik |date=3 February 2019 |newspaper=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} b9l3gs6eu6wnfsftelhv94v5ag2rx5i 0 51232 306100 2026-08-28T04:13:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Himmelkron COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|4|N|11|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Himmelkron in KU.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Kulmbach |elevation = 335-474 |area = 23.05 |postal_code = 95502 |area_code = 09227 (Himmelkron) 09273 (Lanzendorf and Gössenreuth) |licence = KU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 77 121 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.himmelkron.de/ www.himmelkron.de] |mayor = Gerhard Schneider<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |image_photo = Himmelkron.jpg |image_caption = Aragtida ku wajahan keniisaddii hore }} '''Himmelkron''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Kulmbach (district)|Kulmbach]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Habaynta Magaalada == Himmelkron waxaa loo habeeyay xaafadaha soo socda: * Gössenreuth * Himmelkron * Lanzendorf == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f2gm6qbnie8c6lr33wizpgjbbxf8hzs 0 51233 306101 2026-08-28T04:15:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hinterweidenthal COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|12|N|7|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hinterweidenthal in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Hauenstein |elevation = 242 |area = 16.90 |postal_code = 66999 |area_code = 06396 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 020 |website = [http://www.hinterweidenthal.de/ www.hinterweidenthal.de] |mayor = Barbara Schenk<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südwestpfalz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Hinterweidenthal''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Südwestpfalz]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[File:Hinterweidenthal-Hauptstr 77-Rappenfelsen-gje.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|Guri alwaax ah iyo dhagax ciid ah]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} btztngmv1uz1hxbez50ynvi3jqymrvh 0 51234 306102 2026-08-28T04:16:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Hinzenburg Winter.jpg |image_coa = DEU Hinzenburg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|39|51.65|N|6|43|33.75|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hinzenburg in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Ruwer |elevation = 331 |area = 2.87 |postal_code = 54316 |area_code = 06588 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 046 |website = [http://www.hinzenburg.de/ www.hinzenburg.de] |mayor = Werner Scherf<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Hinzenburg''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} ogwuzwc2o3he53e9pykccuvigk5mdwc 0 51235 306103 2026-08-28T04:18:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hittbergen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|21|N|10|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hittbergen in LG.svg |state = |district = Lüneburg |Samtgemeinde = Scharnebeck |elevation = 5 |area = 14.64 |postal_code = 21522 |area_code = 04139 |licence = LG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 018 |divisions = 2 |mayor = Petra Brosseit |party = CDU }} '''Hittbergen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lüneburg (district)|Lüneburg]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hnn0kv212vvp3152dlhvsbcgp0nxo49 0 51236 306104 2026-08-28T04:20:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Höchheim COA.svg |image_photo = Irmelsausenphoto2.jpg |image_caption = Qalcadda Irmelshausen |coordinates = {{coord|50|22|N|10|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höchheim in NES.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Rhön-Grabfeld |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Königshofen im Grabfeld |elevation = 296 |area = 25.25 |postal_code = 97633 |area_code = 09764 |licence = NES |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 73 134 |mayor = Michael Hey<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = {{url|https://hoechheim.rhoen-saale.net/}} }} '''Höchheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhøːçˌhaɪm}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rhön-Grabfeld]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Höchheim waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka soo socda: Gollmuthhausen, Höchheim, [[Irmelshausen]], Rothausen. [[File:HöchheimManner.jpg|thumb|left|Guri weyni oo hore [[von Bibra|Bibra]]]] [[File:Höchheimcustomhouse.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Xafiiska Kastamka [[von Bibra|Bibra]]]] [[File:HöchheimGrave.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Friedrich Kaspar [[von Bibra]] (1681–1750)]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hochheim}} mgis7cehlpzmzpng441vvvj4dpgsc2g 0 51237 306105 2026-08-28T04:22:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Högersdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|55|N|10|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Högersdorf in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Leezen |elevation = 33 |area = 4.94 |postal_code = 23816 |area_code = 04551 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 041 |website = [https://www.amt-leezen.de/ www.amt-leezen.de] |mayor = Renate Wieck |party = }} '''Högersdorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Segeberg]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hogersdorf}} gzdjswvacp6luteo6410jr45y1gvd3y 0 51238 306106 2026-08-28T04:23:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Hoehbeck.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|03|17|N|11|25|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höhbeck in DAN.svg |state = |district = Lüchow-Dannenberg |Samtgemeinde = Gartow |elevation = 16-76 |area = 19.5 |postal_code = 29478 |area_code = 05846 |licence = DAN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 54 010 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Ulrich Brünicke }} '''Höhbeck''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhøːbeːk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lüchow-Dannenberg]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hohbeck}} gyl4i0mciam256hutlfn3h4jeg27szl 0 51239 306107 2026-08-28T04:25:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Höheinöd COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|17|19|N|7|36|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höheinöd in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Waldfischbach-Burgalben |elevation = 390-407 |area = 10.87 |postal_code = 66989 |area_code = 06333 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 022 |website = [https://www.hoeheinoed.de/ www.hoeheinoed.de] |mayor = Lothar Weber<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südwestpfalz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = SPD }} '''Höheinöd''' ({{langx|pfl|Hehäned}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Südwestpfalz]] ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ururka degmada ee [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoheinod}} lsh78k8xuxzz8qebs42410tmm9ueub5 8 51244 306123 2026-08-28T09:56:58Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: *Sababaha caadiga ah ee xayiraadda ** [[Wikipedia:Khariibaad|Kharribaad]] ** Ku xadgudubka xuquuqda daabacaadda ** Abuurista bogag weerar ah ** Ku xadgudubka sharciga taariikh nololeedka dadka nool ** Ku celcelinta ku darista qoraallo aan xigasho lahayn ** Abuurista qoraallo aan macno lahayn ama bogag aan habboonayn ** U adeegsiga Wikipedia [[:en:Wikipedia:Spam|xayaysiis]] ama ujeeddooyin ganacsi ** Dagaal tafatir ** Ku xadgudubka xeerka saddexda celis (3RR) ** Tafatir dhibaatayn... 306123 wikitext text/x-wiki *Sababaha caadiga ah ee xayiraadda ** [[Wikipedia:Khariibaad|Kharribaad]] ** Ku xadgudubka xuquuqda daabacaadda ** Abuurista bogag weerar ah ** Ku xadgudubka sharciga taariikh nololeedka dadka nool ** Ku celcelinta ku darista qoraallo aan xigasho lahayn ** Abuurista qoraallo aan macno lahayn ama bogag aan habboonayn ** U adeegsiga Wikipedia [[:en:Wikipedia:Spam|xayaysiis]] ama ujeeddooyin ganacsi ** Dagaal tafatir ** Ku xadgudubka xeerka saddexda celis (3RR) ** Tafatir dhibaatayn ah ** [[w:Open proxy|Wakiil furan]] ama [[w:Zombie computer|kombiyuutar zombie]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies|macluumaad dheeraad ah]]) ** Weerarro shakhsi ah ama dhibaatayn ** Ka baxsashada xanibaada ** Si khaldan u adeegsiga akoonno badan ** Kicinta joogtada ah ee sifeeyaha tafatirka ** Magaca isticmaalaha aan la aqbali karin r6n53hmwdylrn40i4rkwtbd80elpm25