Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2817 306177 305985 2026-08-30T09:03:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reer Nuur''' (Af-Soomaali: Reer Nuur), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Nuur Yoonis, waa beel ka tirsan waqooyiga Soomaalida, waana laan hoose oo ka tirsan qoyska beelweynta [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursiga]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAyeNqKK7bQC&q=Reer+Nuur+is+a+Somali+clan&pg=PA143|title=Who Cares about Somalia: Hassan's Ordeal; Reflections on a Nation's Future|last=Jama|first=Hassan Ali|date=2005|publisher=Verlag Hans Schiler|isbn=9783899300758|language=en}}</ref>{{Infobox ethnic group | group = Soomaali | native_name = Reer Nuur | native_name_lang = so | flag = {{flagcountry|Somalia}} {{flagcountry|Djibouti}} {{flagcountry|Ethiopia}} {{flagcountry|Somaliland}} | genealogy = [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] | regions = [[Somaliland]], [[Djibouti]], [[Ethiopia]] | langs = [[Af Soomaali]], [[Carabi]] | religions = Islaam | related_groups = kuwa Kale qabiilo, iyo [[Dir (qabiil)|Dir]] sida [[Barsuug]], [[Biimaal]], [[Gurgura]], [[Surre]], [[Ciise (qabiil)|Ciise]] }} == Guud Mar == Reer Nuur waa mid ka mid ah beel-hoosaadyada ugu waaweyn qoyska beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]]. Taariikh ahaan, waxay deganayeen aagga kala duwan ee u dhexeeya qabaa'ilka [[Gadabuursi]] iyo [[Isaaq]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8D0gYZZVKEC&q=rer+nuur+gadabursi&pg=PA136|title=Voice and Power|last1=Hayward|first1=R. J.|last2=Lewis|first2=I. M.|date=2005-08-17|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135751753|language=en}}</ref> Taariikh ahaan, marka ay beeli isu timaado arrimo siyaasadeed awgood, Reer Nuur waxaa loo tixgelin jiray laan gaar ah oo la siman kooxaha kale ee qoyska Gadabuursi ee ah ''Habar Afan'', ''Mahad 'Ase'', ''Aadan Yonis'' iyo ''Jibril Yonis''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=CLAN SHIP, CONFLICT AND REFUGEES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA|last=Ambroso|first=Guido|publisher=UNHCR HARGEISA|year=2002|location=Brussels|page=7|quote=One informer told me that in Borama, when there are important decisions to be made, the Gadabursi normally divide themselves into four "parties.The Habar Afan, the Mahad Asse, the Jibril Yonis, and the Nur Yonis.}}</ref> == Deegaanka == Reer Nuur waxay degaan 3 dal, oo kala ah [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]], iyo [[Somaliland]]. Gudaha '''Somaliland,''' Reer Nuur waxay degaan gobolka [[Awdal]], waxayna wadaagaan [[Baki District|Degmada Baki]] Beesha Reer Maxamed (Mahad 'Ase) iyo Habar Afan, inkastoo [[Dilla District|Degmada Dilla]] ay u badanyihiin iyagu. Sidoo kale waxay degaan [[Borama District|Degmada Boorama]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://waaheen.com/2015/01/17/siimoodi-iyo-baki-reer-nuur-baa-leh-balse-waa-lanala-degaa-salaadiinta-reer-nuur/|title="Siimoodi iyo Baki Reer Nuur baa leh, Balse Waa lanala Degaa." Salaadiinta Reer Nuur.|last=Wariye|date=2015-01-17|work=Waaheen Media Group|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Gudaha gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]], waxay degaan [[Gabiley District|Degmada Gabiley]], magaalooyinka sida [[Tog Wajaale]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Addressing Land-based Conflicts in Somaliland and Afghanistan|last=Abdi|first=Mohamed|publisher=Academy for Peace and Development|year=2007|page=67|quote=Within Tog Wajaale, there was a continuous conflict from 1993-2016 between the Samaroon (Reer Maxamed Nur) and the Jibril Abokor (Aadan Cumar) regarding the privatization of communal land. Through the work of traditional elders, Guurti, and the Gabiley Local council, it has been partially resolved.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ESOMi7W6Pj4C&q=140&pg=PA141|title=Des paroles douces comme la soie: introduction aux contes dans l'aire couchitique (Bedja, Afar, Saho, Somali)|last=Morin|first=Didier|date=1995|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9789068316780|language=fr}}</ref> [[El Bardale]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/86595/somalia-rival-clans-re-arming-over-somaliland-farm|title=Rival clans "re-arming" over Somaliland farm|date=2009-10-16|work=IRIN|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en|quote=Elberdale farmland dispute. The farmland dates back to the 1950s with the two clans - the Reer Nour and Reer Hared - each claiming ownership over farms in the town.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/85309/somalia-clashes-displace-hundreds-families-somaliland|title=Clashes displace hundreds of families in Somaliland|date=2009-07-16|work=IRIN|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en|quote=The latest clashes marked the fourth time armed conflict has broken out in the Elberdale farmland in the past six months between the Hared and Mohamoud Nour clans.}}</ref> iyo [[Gabiley]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title=PILLARS OF PEACE:Democracy in Somaliland Challenges and Opportunities|last=Saeed Gees|first=Mohamed|publisher=Academy for Peace and Development|year=2010|location=Hargeysa|page=77}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=CLANSHIP, CONFLICT AND REFUGEES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA|last1=Ambroso|first1=Guido|date=March 2002|publisher=UNCHR|location=Brussels, Belgium|page=69|quote=Genealogical Chart #2.2 shows the diversity of the Gadabursi lineages residing in Gabiley. The Bahabar Aden, Bahabar Abokor, and Degaweyne lineages constituting the "Bah Samaroon" alliance group of the Gadabursi that reside in Gabiley. Chart also shows the Reer Mohamed Nur (Also Gadabursi) residing in Gabiley as well.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean|last1=Dostal|first1=Walter|page=296}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Pastoral society and transnational refugees: population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia|date=8 August 2002|publisher=UN High Commissioner for Refugees|page=5|quote=Table 1: Somaliland’s clans by region, Page 5 shows that the Gadabursi do reside in Gabiley.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cahiers d'études africaines, Volume 37, Issues 1-2; Volume 37, Issues 145-146|author1=École pratique des hautes études|author2=Section des sciences économiques et sociales|author3=École des hautes études en sciences sociales|date=1997|publisher=Mouton|location=Indiana University|page=360|quote=various Gadabursi lineages reside in Gabiley}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.awdalpress.com/index/isbahaysigii-gol-waraabe-ee-ay-bahwadaagta-ku-ahaayeen-reer-nuur-iyo-jibriil-abokor/|title=Isbahaysigii Gol-waraabe ee ay bahwadaagta ku ahaayeen Reer Nuur iyo Jibriil Abokor.|date=2011-01-14|work=Awdalpress.com|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125040216/http://www.awdalpress.com/index/isbahaysigii-gol-waraabe-ee-ay-bahwadaagta-ku-ahaayeen-reer-nuur-iyo-jibriil-abokor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Degmada [[Hargeisa District|Hargeysa dhexdeeda]], waxay ka degaan xaafadaha Stadium iyo State Park.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Housing Land and Property Issues in Somalia: Persons of Concern in Somaliland and South-Central Somalia|publisher=Legal Action Worldwide (LAW)|year=2014|page=23|quote=Figure 2 on page 23 shows the Samaroon people inhabiting the neighborhoods of Stadium and State House Park in Hargeisa.}}</ref> Gudaha dalka '''Jabuuti''', Reer Nuur waxay degaan xaafadaha 4 iyo 5 ee [[Djibouti (city)|magaalada Jabuuti]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-bZiKh9FHkC&q=gadaboursi&pg=PA284|title=Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles|last=Imbert-Vier|first=Simon|date=2011|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=9782811105068|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="Rayne2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-kzjgEACAAJ&q=Sultan+Mahomed+Haji+Dideh+gadabursi|title=Sun, Sand and Somals; Leaves from the Note-Book of a District Commissioner in British Somalia|last=Rayne|first=Henry a|date=2015-08-08|publisher=BiblioLife|isbn=9781297569760|language=en}}</ref> Gudaha '''Itoobiya''', Reer Nuur waxay degaan [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]], gaar ahaan degmada [[Awbare (woreda)|Awbare]], oo ah deegaanka ugu dadka badan [[Jigjiga Zone|gobolka Jigjiga]]. Reer Nuur taariikh ahaan xoolahooda waxay daaq jireen ilaa [[Jigjiga]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hararino, ricerche e studi geografici|last=Scarin|first=Emilio|date=1942|publisher=[[Sansoni (publisher)|G. C. Sansoni]]|language=it}}</ref> waxayna ka yihiin inta badan dadka deggan magaalada [[Awbare]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8D0gYZZVKEC&q=Rer+Nur+Dila+town&pg=PA136|title=Voice and Power|last1=Hayward|first1=R. J.|last2=Lewis|first2=I. M.|date=2005-08-17|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135751753|page=136|language=en|quote=The major town and region of the Rer Farah Nur, Aw Baare.}}</ref><ref name="battera296">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PP1|title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean|last1=Battera|first1=Federico|publisher=I.B. Taurus|others=Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.)|year=2005|isbn=1-85043-634-7|location=London|page=296|chapter=Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia|access-date=2010-03-18|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278}}</ref><ref name="TMCBS">{{cite web|url=http://www.somaliawatch.org/archivedec02/021207202.htm|title=Somaliland: The Myth of Clan-Based Statehood|date=2002-12-07|publisher=Somalia Watch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615230152/http://somaliawatch.org/archivedec02/021207202.htm|archive-date=15 June 2006|url-status=dead|access-date=2007-01-29|df=dmy}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4AAAwAAQBAJ|title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean|last1=Dostal|first1=Walter|last2=Kraus|first2=Wolfgang|date=2005-04-22|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9780857716774|page=296|language=en}}</ref> == Taariikh == Sida ay tahay xubinta ka tirsan beesha [[Dir (clan)|Dir]], Reer Nuur waxay hoos yimaadaan laanta Makahiil ee [[Gadabuursi]]. Sida ay yihiin qeyb ka mid ah beesha Dir, Reer Nuur waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Sultanate of Ifat|Immigiriyadii Ifat]] iyo [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]].<ref>Futūḥ al-Ḥabasha. (n.d.). Christian-Muslim Relations 1500 - 1900. doi:10.1163/2451-9537_cmrii_com_26077</ref> Saldanaddahan waxaa maamulayay [[Walashma dynasty|Reer Walaashma]], oo ay abtirsiimo u leeyihiin [[Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn|Sheekh Yuusuf Bin Axmed Al-Kowneyn]]. Reer Nuur waxay sidoo kale degaan qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu taariikhda weyn saldanaddahan, kuwaas oo kala ah magaalooyinka [[Amud|Amuus]] iyo [[Awbare|Aubare]]. Kuwaas oo sidoo kale ah goobo taariikhiga ah oo caan ku ah hoyga awliyo badan oo Soomaaliyeed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M6NI2FejIuwC&q=amoud&pg=PA148|title=Somaliland: With Addis Ababa & Eastern Ethiopia|last=Briggs|first=Philip|date=2011-12-19|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=9781841623719|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_LBDAAAQBAJ&q=amoud&pg=PA71|title=Margaret Laurence: Critical Reflections|last=Staines|first=David|date=2001-06-26|publisher=University of Ottawa Press|isbn=9780776616582|language=en}}</ref> Weligii xilligii gumeysiga, Reer Nuur waxay si adag uga soo horjeedeen gumeysiga, waxayna diideen inay la safdaan Ingiriiska (iyo qaar ka mid ah beelaha Gadabuursi) ee ka gees ahaa [[Dervish movement (Somali)|Halgankii Daraawiishta]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gil Bas|last=Gugenheim|first=Eugène|date=1902-11-18|quote=A Zeylah, le gouvernement britannique a essayé de lever des recrues parmi les guerriers Gadaboursis : mais ceux-ci ont refusé de marcher contre le Madht du Somaliiand}}</ref> Nooca fanka iyo maansada ee [[Balwo]] waxaa ikhtiraacay xubin ka tirsan beesha Reer Nuur, oo loo yaqaano [[Abdi Sinimo|Cabdi Saciid (Cabdi Sinimo)]]. Noociisa cusub ee muusikada ayaa sidoo kale horseeday inuu soo baxo fanka [[Heello (song)|Heellada]] wuxuuna dhalay muusigga casriga ah ee Soomaaliyeed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1flJAQAAQBAJ&q=balwo&pg=PA277|title=A Poet's Glossary|last=Hirsch|first=Edward|date=2014-04-08|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=9780547737461|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri/page/171 171]|quote=balwo.|title=Culture and Customs of Somalia|last=Abdullahi|first=Mohamed Diriye|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313313332|language=en}}</ref> == Abtirsiinta Beesha == Reer Nuur waxay ka soo jeedaan Dir iyada oo la sii marinayo Gadabuursi, sida hoos ku xusan. * '''Gadabuursi'''<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abtirsi.com/view.php?person=4154|title=Abtirsi.com : Nor Yuunes Muse|website=www.abtirsi.com|access-date=2018-03-30}}</ref> * Habar Makadur (Makadoor) ** Makahil *** Mussee **** Yuunes (Reer Yoonis) ***** '''Nuur Yoonis (Reer Nuur)''' Laamaha hoose ee '''Nuur Yoonis''': * '''Nuur Yoonis''' (Reer Nuur)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://samaroon.wordpress.com/2009/07/15/abla-ablaynta-beelaha-qabiilka-gadabuursi-samaroon-siciid/|title=Abla-Ablaynta Beelaha Qabiilka Gadabuursi (samaroon siciid).|date=2009-07-15|work=Samaroon's Weblog|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref> ** Reer Mahmuud *** Abdi Mahamuud **** Xuseen ***** Xaad (Buul-xun) ***** Shirdoon ***** Gabbal ****** Koohi (Bafaad) ****** Samatar (Bafaad) ******* Bahdoon Samatar ****** Ali ****** Raage ****** Xergeeye ****** Khayre (bah-caso) ****** Bahdoon (bah-caso) ****** Samatar-yare (bah-caso) ****** Dhaabur (bah-caso) **** Cismaan (Reer – Cismaan) *** Halas Mahmuud **** Cumar Halas ***** Husien Omar ***** Farah Omar ***** Afi Omar ***** Gelleh Omar ***** Roble Omar **** Guled Halas ***** Samatar Guled ***** Xildiid Guled(Xareed-Qoobbuur) ***** Dhidar Guled **** Muse Halas **** Hiraab Halas **** Cali Halas *** Hassan Mahmuud (Nimidoor) *** Hufane Mahmuud (Nimidoor) *** Roble Mahmuud (Ba-Jibra’en) *** Mohamed Mahmuud (Ba-Jibra’en) ** Reer Farah *** Ibrahim Farah **** Guled Ibraahim ***** Amare Guled ****** Xergeeye Amare ****** Faarah Amare ***** Shirwac Guled ****** Gaboobe Shirwac ****** Xirsi Shirwac ****** Samatar Shirwac ****** Geedi Shirwac ****** Geeldoon Shirwac ***** Abrar Guled ***** Rooble Guled **** Gaade Ibraahim ***** Meecaad Gaade ***** Loodoon Gaade ***** Bahdoon Gaade **** Bare Ibraahim ***** Gabdoon Bare ****** Meecaad Gabdoon (Gurey) ****** sareeye Gabdoon ****** Samatar Gabdoon (Qabile) ****** Magan Gabdoon ******* Waadhawr Magan (Reer wadheer) ******* Abdillahi Magan ******* Bahdoon Magan **** Samakaab Ibraahim **** Rooble Ibraahim ***** Samatar Rooble **** Dadar Ibraahim **** Salah Ibraahim (Dadar) *** Geedi Farah also known as (Gabarmadow) **** Wayteen Geedi **** Cali Geedi **** Mahamed Geedi **** Dabeer Geedi **** Hiraab Geedi *** Reer Ali Abdi == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} [[Category:Gadabuursi]] bzv35whajlatl9a4b07xakfnkmzsv75 0 4827 306171 306017 2026-08-30T05:59:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Ururka Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|189px]]<s>[[HKG]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>.: |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|189px]]<s>[[Singabuur]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Ankara]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<s!>[[Falastiin]]<S!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- |- <!>[[Militaries of:; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese;: R…………….!’?..!’?’ & TURKSH States.;;!'!.!'!.!'!]] [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdoms of Great BRITAIN; CNDNS & Ausies.!'?’& NZL; & IRLNDS.!'!'(.!'!'):; ARMIES EUROPEANS UNIONS.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>.::…!’! | |} <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.::.::. <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/european-union</Ref>.: |- <Ref>httphttps://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 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Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} jcili4tyty5tur8us9cmbf68n4gvg5g 0 4998 306178 272257 2026-08-30T09:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Antonio de Pereda - El sueño del caballero - Google Art Project.jpg|300px|right|thumb|''El sueño del caballero'', 1655 (Antonio de Pereda)]] '''Riyo''' ({{lang-ar|الرؤيا}}; {{lang-en|dream}}) waa silsilad male awaal ah oo dhacda inta [[hurdo|hurdada]] lagu gudo jiro, riyada ayaa ku kala duwan isku xirnaasha iyo macquul galkeeda, fasiraada laga bixiyay waxay riyo tahay ayaa lagu kala tagay, dadka qaar baa qaba inay tahay wax nafta bin aadanka isku qanciso inay dhacayaan waxaasoo soo jeedka ay horay ugu waysay, tusaale ahaan qof baa jecel inuu magaalo aado, maadaama soo jeedka maankiisa ay ka guuxayso inuu halkaas aado awoodna u lahayn, riyo ayuu arkayaa ah asagoo meeshaas aaday, taas ayaa la dhihi karaa waa qayb aad u yar oo ka mid ah noocyada riyada, nooc ka mida riyada ayaan macno wayn ku fadhin markii la baraaruga noqonaya wax dad waalan ay ku fakareen oo kale (Qarow, dhelalow) Waa suurto gal in ay jiraan micno kale oo dad Somalidu u yaqaaniin. Ilaah mar dambe ma isticmaalo riyooyin si uu dadka ugu gudbiyo farriimaha: "Waayo, Rabbiga ciidammada oo ah Ilaaha reer binu Israa'iil wuxuu leeyahay, Nebiyadiinna iyo waxsheegyadiinna idin dhex joogaa yaanay idin khiyaanayn, oo idinku innaba ha dhegaysanina riyooyinkiinna aad ku riyootaan. Waayo, magacaygay wax been ah idiinku sii sheegaan, laakiinse Rabbigu wuxuu leeyahay, Anigu iyaga sooma aan dirin." == Aragtigtida islaamka ee riyada == islaamka ayaa sheegay riyada wanaagsan ee xaqa ah kana soo fushay qof muslin wanaagsan ah inay tahay qayb ka mid ah afartan iyo shan qayb oo ka mid ah nabinimada. nabiga scw ayaa riyada u qaybiyay sadex nooc * Bishaaro xag alle ka timid oo qofka muslimka ahi arkayo * Murjin shaydaan ka ahaatay * Iyo riyo qofka naftiisa wuxuu ugu sheekeeyo ah '''xadiis uu warinayo muslim ayuu nabigu scw leeyahay ('وا (إ إِذَا اقْتَرَبَ الزَّمَانُ لَمْ تَكَدْ رُؤْيَا الْمُسْلِمِ تَكْذِبُ وَأَصْدَقُكُمْ رُؤْيَا أَصْدَقُكُمْ حَدِيثًا وَرُؤْيَا الْمُسْلِمِ جُزْءٌ مِنْ خَمْسٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ جُزْءًا مِنْ النُّبُوَّةِ وَالرُّؤْيَا ثَلَاثَةٌ فَرُؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةِ بُشْرَى مِنْ اللَّهِ وَرُؤْيَا تَحْزِينٌ مِنْ الشَّيْطَانِ وَرُؤْيَا مِمَّا يُحَدِّثُ الْمَرْءُ نَفْسَهُ فَإِنْ رَأَى أَحَدُكُمْ مَا يَكْرَهُ فَلْيَقُمْ فَلْيُصَلِّ وَلَا يُحَدِّثْ بِهَا النَّاسَ ) waxay diintu sharciyaysay qofkii wax wanaagsan ku riyooda inuu alle ku mahdiyo, kii wax xun arkana inuu acuudsado salaadna tukado, cidna uusan uga sheekayn, '''Imaam al-qurdubi''' ayaa kitaabkiisa almufham<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=225250 |access-date=2015-12-31 |archive-date=2015-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803175133/http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=225250 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ku sheegay noocyada riyada wuxuuna leeyahay ('''Riyadu''' waxay u qaybsantaa '''riyo xaq ah''' waana tan nidaamsan oon isku dhex yaacsanayn, waana riyada runta ah nabigaana scw ku magacaabay riyada runleyda ah ama wanaagsan, waana mida dhacdada sax ah u eg, hadii qof fiican uu ku riyoodana ay tahay qayb ka mida waxyiga xag alle ka yimaada, '''tan labaad''' ayaa ah mid kasoo fushay naf murugaheed ama waxyaabo ay jeceshahay, damacna uu ku jiro ka dibna wixii uu rabay uu ku arkayo riyada dhexdeeda, macno ma leh taas, '''tan sadexaadna''' waa murug, walaac iyo walaahow ama dhibaato iyo cabsiin qofku riyada ku arko shaydaankuna qofka ku waswaasiyo si uu u xumeeyo soo jeedkiis, taasna waxaa lagu magacaabaa '''Qarow''', mar mar baa waxaa kulmaya riyada cabsida ah iyo tan shahwada iyadana waa qarow aan macno lahayn)<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://arabic.tebyan.net/index.aspx?pid=170899 |access-date=2015-12-31 |archive-date=2015-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501084710/http://arabic.tebyan.net/index.aspx?pid=170899 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. == tixraac == [[Category:gumud]] [[Category:diin]] [[Category:qarow]] [[Category:naf]] [[Category:habeen]] [[Category:aragti]] [[Category:Bayoloji]] d8zxlxul917gdinpuur9jgb8eauvcmz 0 12198 306182 295751 2026-08-30T09:50:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zwei zigaretten.jpg|thumb|Qaar ka mid ah sigaarka maanta [[duni]]da laga cabo.]] [[File:Pall Mall Dutch.JPG|thumb| Baakadh sigaar ah]] '''Sigaar''' ([[ingiriis]]: Cigarette) waa [[buuri]] ku duuban [[warqad]] khafiif ah kaas oo la cabo [[qiiq]]iisa. Sigaarka oo u sameeysan qaab dhuuban ayaa hal dhinac [[dab]] laga qabadsiiyaa isla markaana laga nuugaa dhinaca kale, taas oo [[qiiq]]u tago [[sambab]]ada qofka cabaya. [[Buuri]]ga ama tobaakada sigaarku ka kooban yahay aad ayay u kala duwan tahay waanay kala qadar iyo halis badan tahay. Sigaarku waxa uu ka mid yahay mukhaadaraadka, sababtoo ah waa wax lala qabsado oo qofka isticmaalo mar kasta u baahan yahay. Cabitaanka sigaarku waxay keentaa xanuuno badan, isla markaana bur-burisaa dhaqaalaha qofka isticmaala. [[Buuri]]ga laga sameeyo sigaarka waxa ku jira kimikooyin badan ooy ka mid tahay Nicotine, taas oo ah daroogo halis ah oo waxyeeleeysa caafimaadka qofka isticmaalaya. In ka badan 60% [[dad]]ka caba sigaarka waxay u dhintaan xanuuno la xidhiidh sigaarka. Isticmaalka sigaarka wuxuu keenaa cimri deg-deg, midabka oo is-bedela, ilkaha oo casaada iyo xanuuno badan oo halis ah sida xanuunka "Kansarka" sambabada, kansarka dhuunta, kansarka faruuryaha iyo kuwo kale oo badan. [[Dhedig|Dumarka]] sigaarka caba wakhtiga eey uurka yihiin waxay keentaa ineey dhalaan ilmo aad u liita oo misaankiisu ka hooseeyo ilmaha eey dhasho [[hooyo]] aan sigaar cabin. Sidoo kale, [[qiiq|neefsiga qiiqa]] sigaarka qof kale cabayo ayaa iyadna keenta xanuuno dhibaato u geeysan kara qofkaas. Taasi waa sababta looga mamnuucay in sigaar lagu cabo meelaha bulshadu iskugu timaado. Markaa haddii aad sigaar cabto iska jooji, haddii aanad cabin iska ilaali in aad [[neefsi|neefsato]] [[qiiq]]a sigaar qof kale cabaayo sababto ah adiga dhib ayaa ku soo gaari karta. W/Q; Mohamed Hassan Abdulle Bakaal = Taariikhda Maxamed Xasan Cabdulle Bakaal = Waxa la sheegaa in [[qarni|qarnigii 9aad]] eey qabiilo ka mid ah beelahii degenaa [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] sida qabiilka '''Maaya''' loo yaqaan iyo '''Aztecs''' isticmaali jireen [[buuri]]ga ama tobaakada sigaarka laga sameeyo. Waxay ahay [[qarni|qarnigii 17aad]] markii buuriga sigaarka la keenay qaarada [[Yurub]] halkaas oo loo farsameeyay qaabka aan maanta u naqaano sigaarka. Sigaarka intiisa u badan waxaa dunida gaadhsiiyay gumeeystayaashii reer [[Yurub]]. = Isticmaalka Sigaarka = [[File:Cigarettecounter pd.jpg|thumb| Meherad sigaarka lagu iibiyo]] [[Sanad|Sanadkii 2002da]] tirokoob la sameeyay waxaa lagu ogaaday in qiyaastii [[tiriliyan|5.5 tiriliyan]] oo Sigaar ah [[warshad]]aha Sigaarku soo saaraan sanadkiiba; taaso oo eey cabaan in ka badan [[bilyan|1.1 bilyan]] oo [[dad]] ah. Inkastoo tirada cabitaanka sigaarka ee [[duni|wadanada horumaray]] hoos u sii dhacayso, waxaa si [[xawaare]] badan u sii kordhaysa tirada dadka sigaarka caba [[duni|wadanada soo koraya]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Cabitaanka Sigaarka [[Lab]] iyo [[Dhedig]] (2000) |- ! ! colspan="2" | Boqolkiiba inta Cabta |- ! Gobol ! Raga ! Dumarka |- | [[Afrika]] || 29% || 4% |- | [[Maraykanka]] || 35% || 22% |- | Bariga Mediterranean || 35% || 4% |- | [[Yurub]] || 46% || 26% |- | [[Aasiya|KoonfurBari Aasiya]] || 44% || 4% |- | Galbeedka Baasifiga || 60% || 8% |} = Dhaqaalaha & Sigaarka = [[Warshad]]o badan ayaa sameeya isla markaan dhoofiya Sigaarka. <nowiki> || || || ||</nowiki> <nowiki> || || || ||</nowiki> {| class="wikitable" |+ Wadanada ugu Badan ee Sigaarka Laga Cabo (1998) ! Wadan !! Dadka Caba<br />(milyan) !! Tirada Guud e Sigaarka la Cabo<br />(bilyan) !! Tirada Sigaarka la Cabo<br />(qof ahaan) |- | Shiinaha || 1,248 || 1,643 || 1,320 |- || | Maraykanka || 270 || 451 || 1,670 |- || | Jabaan || 126 || 328 || 2,600 |- || | Ruushka || 146 || 258 || 1,760 |- || | Indoneesiya || 200 || 215 || 1,070 |} = Ganacsiga Sigaarka = Sigaarka waxaa laga sameeyaa [[caleen|caleemaha]] iyo [[laan|laamaha]] [[geed]]ka [[buuri]]ga, kuwaas oo laga beero meelo badan oo kala duwan. In ka badan, 70% [[caleen]]ta [[buuri]]ga la soo saaro dunida waxaa laga sameeyaa [[sigaar]]. Soo saarida buuriga aduunku 40% ayuu kacay intii u dhaxaysay 1971kii oo 4.2 [[milyan]] ton la soo saari jirey, iskuna bedeshay 5.9 [[milyan]] ton [[sanad|sanadkii 1997ka]], iyo 7.1 [[milyan]] ton sanadkii 2010ka. Sidoo kale, wadano cusub ayaa ku soo biiray suuqa buuriga aduunka oo marka hore u xidhnaa wadano reer [[Yurub]] iyo [[Waqooyiga Ameerika|labada Ameeriko]]. Wadano badan oo [[duni|dunida soo koraysa]] ah ayaa bilaabay [[beer]]ista iyo soo saarista buuriga. Soo saarka buuriga ee wadanka [[Shiinaha]] ayaa kordhay 17% sanadkii 1971 ilaa 47% sanadkii 1997, sababtoo ah qiimaha badeecadooda ayaa aad u hoosaysay. Guud ahaan, dunida waxaa la soo saaraa 6.7 milyan ton oo buuri ah. Wadanada ugu sareeya saarka buurigu waa [[Shiinaha]] (39.6%), [[Hindiya]] (8.3%), Brasil (7.0%) iyo [[Maraykanka]] (4.6%). Dhinaca kale, waxaa jira wadano badan oo tiro yar oo buuri ah soo saara. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: Filibiiniska, [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Turkiga]]. == Shirkadaha Soo Saara == [[Warshad]]o badan ayaa sameeya isla markaana ka ganacsada sigaarka. Liiska Shirkadaha ugu horeeya soo saarida iyo dhoofinta sigaarka waxaa ka mid ah: * [[520 (cigarette)|520]] * [[State Express 555|555]] * [[Ashford (cigarette)|Ashford]] * [[Army Club (cigarette)|Army Club]] * [[Basic (cigarette)|Basic]] * [[Benson & Hedges]] * [[Camel (cigarette)|Camel]] * [[Capri (cigarette)|Capri]] * [[Chesterfield (cigarette)|Chesterfield]] * [[Davidoff]] * [[Dunhill (cigarette)|Dunhill]] * [[Djarum]] * [[Doral (cigarette)|Doral]] * [[du Maurier (cigarette)|du Maurier]] * [[Eclipse (cigarette)|Eclipse]] * [[Eve (cigarette)|Eve]] * [[Export A]] * [[Fatima (cigarette)|Fatima]] * [[Fortuna (cigarette)|Fortuna]] * [[Gauloises]] * [[Gold Flake]] * [[Gold Leaf]] * [[John Silver]] * [[Kyriazi freres]] * [[Kent (cigarette)|Kent]] * [[Kool (cigarette)|Kool]] * [[Lambert and Butler]] * [[L&M]] * [[Lark (cigarette)|Lark]] * [[Level (cigarette)|Level]] * [[Lucky Strike]] * [[Marlboro (cigarette)|Marlboro]] * [[Max (cigarette)|Max]] * [[Mayfair (cigarette)|Mayfair]] * [[Merit (cigarette)|Merit]] * [[Mild Seven]] * [[More (cigarette)|More]] * [[Nat Sherman]] * [[Natural American Spirit]] * [[Newport (cigarette)|Newport]] * [[Next (cigarette)|Next]] * [[Nil (cigarette)|Nil]] * [[Old Gold (cigarette)|Old Gold]] * [[Pall Mall (cigarette)|Pall Mall]] * [[Parliament (cigarette)|Parliament]] * [[Perilly's]] * [[Peter Stuyvesant]] * [[Philip Morris USA|Philip Morris]] * [[Pyramid (cigarette)|Pyramid]] * [[John Player & Sons|Player's]] * [[Prince (cigarette)|Prince]] * [[Salem (cigarette)|Salem]] * [[Sampoerna]] * [[Seneca (cigarette)|Seneca]] * [[Sobranie]] * [[Tareyton]] * [[Vantage (cigarette)|Vantage]] * [[Viceroy (cigarette)|Viceroy]] * [[Virginia Slims]] * [[Woodbine (cigarette)|Woodbine]] * [[Winfield (cigarette)|Winfield]] * [[Winston (cigarette)|Winston]] == Qiimaha Sigaarka == {|class="wikitable sortable" border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3| |- !nowrap|'''Wadan''' !nowrap|'''US$/20 Baakidh''' !nowrap|'''€/20 Baakidh''' !nowrap|'''Qiimaha suuqa/20 Baakidh''' !nowrap|'''Wakhtiga Qiimaha''' !nowrap|'''Ilaha akhbarta''' |- |Ayarlaan (Ireland) |11.60 |9.10 |€9.10 |2012-07-16 |[http://www.herald.ie/news/smuggling-fears-thwart-15-price-tag-for-cigarettes-3169005.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.herald.ie/news/smuggling-fears-thwart-15-price-tag-for-cigarettes-3169005.html |date=20120818121033 }} |- |[[Ingiriis]]ka (UK) |12 |9.40 |£7.50 |2012-03-21 |[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/mar/21/budget-2012-hits-smokers-37p] |- |New Zealand |13.13 |10.10 |NZ$16 |2013-01-01 |[http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/8123959/Smokers-not-put-off-by-price-hike] |- |Boolaan (Poland) |4.75 |3.70 |15.50 PLN |2013-05-18 |- |[[Maraykanka]] ([[New York]]) |12.50 |9.80 |$12.50 |2012-06-26 |[http://www.theawl.com/2012/06/pack-of-cigarettes-cost] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theawl.com/2012/06/pack-of-cigarettes-cost |date=20131113202724 }} |- |[[Maraykanka]] (Virginia) |4.60 |3.50 |$4.56 |2013-04-11 |[http://dcist.com/2013/04/with_proposed_tax_cigarette_prices.php] {{Wayback|url=http://dcist.com/2013/04/with_proposed_tax_cigarette_prices.php |date=20171105212917 }} |- |Ustaraaliya (Australia) |13.50 |10.50 |A$13 (A$16/ 25 pack) |2013-11-03 |[http://www.news.com.au/business/cigarette-giant-british-american-tobacco-australia-chops-up-the-prices/story-e6frfm1i-1226358487614] {{Wayback|url=http://www.news.com.au/business/cigarette-giant-british-american-tobacco-australia-chops-up-the-prices/story-e6frfm1i-1226358487614 |date=20131013160642 }} |- |[[Norway]] |15.50 |12.20 |NOK90 |2012-05-12 |[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/05/14/duty-free-tobacco-comes-under-fire/] {{Wayback|url=http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/05/14/duty-free-tobacco-comes-under-fire/ |date=20140415051059 }} |- |Singabuur |8.60 |6.60 |$11.20 |2012-12-27 | |- |Malaysiya |3.70 |2.81 |12.00 RM |2012-12-27 |- |[[Koonfur Afrika]] |3.11 |2.33 |R31.00 |2013-06-14 |[http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=South+Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=South+Africa |date=20140102202420 }} |- |[[Kanada]] |10.75 |7.92 |C$11.20 ($14/25 pack) |- |Indoneesiya |2.40 |2.00 |Rp 24.000 |2012-11-20 |} == Wadanada Dhoofiya Sigaarka == = Waxyeelada Caafimaadka = = Sigaar cabid ma jiro = Qaar ka mid ah bulshooyinka diinta (sida [https://www.jw.org/so/ Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah]) waxaa saaran waajibaad ah inay si cad uga fogaadaan cabista sigaarka iyo isticmaalka tubaakada.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/soo-koobidda-kitaabka-ina-baro/13-ixtiraam-hadiyadda-nolosha/#p12 Balwadda sida sigaarka iyo daroogada iska ilaali]</ref><ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/dhegeyso-oo-noolow/sida-ilaahay-looga-farxiyo/ Maxaynu Ilaahay Kaga Farxinaa?]</ref> * Sigaarka jidhkuu nijaaseeyaa. * Sigaarka caafimaadkeenna buu waxyeelaa. * Sigaar cabka wuxuu muujiyaa ixtiraamdarrada nolosha loo qabo. * Yehowah qof walba wuu ku caawin karaa inuu sigaarka joojiyo. ==Xigasho== {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Buuri]] [[Category:Caafimaad]] [[Category:Saynis]] [[Category:Mukhaadaraad]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Ganacsi]] [[Category:Kheyraadka Dabiiciga]] 7ebgxdmi9xfxonio1gfk9u5zq7vi6t3 0 13927 306172 305759 2026-08-30T06:29:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox masjid | name = Kacabada | image = Mosquée Masjid el Haram à la Mecque.jpg The_Kabah_in_the_Grand_Mosque_of_Makkah_from_the_second_floor,_Saudi_Arabia_(7)_(52501682079).jpg | latitude = 21.422495 | longitude = 39.826165 | location = [[Makka]],al-Xijaas]],[[Sacuudi Carabiya]] | year = | length = | width = | area = | totalarea = | height = {{convert|13.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} | tradition = [[Islam]] }} [[File:Kaaba2.JPG|250px|thumb|Kacbada]] '''Kacbada''' waa qiblada muslimiinta ee u jeestaan markay tukanayaan kuna dawaafaan xiliga [[Xaj|Xajka]] waana dhismihii ugu horeeyay ee dhulka laga dhiso sida ay [[islaamka|Diinta islaamka]] qabto<ref>http://www.alukah.net/culture/0/46384/</ref> marka laga hadlayo [[Kacbo|Kacbada]] waxaa qasab ah in laga hadlo [[Masjidul-xaraam]] waayo waxay ku taalaa [[Kacbo|Kacbada]] [[Masjidul-xaraam]] dhaxdiisa ayadoo taariikhda masjidka ka bilaabanayso taariikhda [[Kacbo|Kacbada]] sharfoon<ref>[[:ar:الكعبة#cite_ref-.D8.B3.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.87.D8.AF.D9.89_.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B1.D8.B4.D8.A7.D8.AF_2-1|https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9#cite_ref-.D8.B3.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.87.D8.AF.D9.89_.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B1.D8.B4.D8.A7.D8.AF_2-1]]</ref>. siduu [[Islaam|Islaamka]] qabo. [[Kacbo|Kacbada]] markii hore [[Malaa'ig|Malaa'igtaa]] dhistay N[[Nebi Aadam|ebi Aadan]] hortii. magacyada Kacbada waxaa ka mid ah Baytul-xaraam waayo [[Alle]] ayaa ka xarimay in dhiig lagu daadshu dhaxdiisa, waxayna ka dhigantahay meesha dhulka dushiisa ugu sharafta badan<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.eslam.de/arab/begriffe_arab/22kaf/kaaba.htm |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2016-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128114548/http://www.eslam.de/arab/begriffe_arab/22kaf/kaaba.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sida [[Qur'aan |Quraanka kariimka]] ku cad (إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكًا وَهُدًى لِّلْعَالَمِينَ (سورة آل عمران، الآية 96 wuxuu muslimku qabaa in Alaah faray [[Nebi Ibraahiim]] iyo wiilkisa [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] inay dib saro ugu qadaan Kacbada tiirarkeeda sida [[Qur'aan |Quraanka kariimka]] ku cad وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ القَوَاعِدَ مِنَ البَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ العَلِيمُ ﴾‏(‏ البقرة‏:127)‏) Alle ayaa faray [[Nebi Ibraahiim]] in dadka faro Kacbada u soo Xajiyaan sida [[Qur'aan |Quraanka kariimka]] ku cad (وَأَذِّن فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالا وَعَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ مِن كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيق) (سورة الحج 27) Kacbada waxay ku taalaa bartamaha [[Masjidul-xaraam]] wanaa dhimo weyn oo joogiisa dhanyahay 15.mitir balaca dhankeeda irida ahna 12.mitir, halaka balaca dhanka gadaal ee dhanka masharaafta10.mitir yahay qaabkeedana u eg yahay dhagax weyn oo afar gees ah oo saro u qaadan<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2017-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714113730/http://arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. waagii [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] c.s. wuxuu dhamaa dhirirka joogeda 9 dhudhun oo saanqaaf la'aan ah iyo irid iska banaan. ilaa uu ka yimid [[Tubbac]] oo saaray saanqaaf kadibna [[Cabdi mudalib]] oo u sameeyay ilabaab bir ah oo leh gaanjo [[Dahab]] ah wuxxuna ahaa qofkii ugu horeyay oo [[Kacbada]] [[Dahab]] ku xardha<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2017-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714113730/http://arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Magacaabida Kacbada == === Kacbo waxa loola jeedo afka carabiga === * Kacbo waa magac carabi ah waxaana loola jeeda afar gees waayo Kacabada waa dhismo afar gees oo kale ah === Magacyada Quraanka ku jira ee Kacbada leedahay === * '''Al-kacbah''' يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنتُمْ حُرُمٌ وَمَن قَتَلَهُ مِنكُم مُّتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاءٌ مِّثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ صِيَامًا لِّيَذُوقَ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِ عَفَا اللَّـهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَيَنتَقِمُ اللَّـهُ مِنْهُ وَاللَّـهُ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انتِقَامٍ)سورة المائدة ﴿٩٥ * '''Al-bayt''' (وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَن طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ ﴿سورة البقرة١٢٥ * '''Al-baytul muxaram''' (رَبَّنا إِنّي أَسكَنتُ مِن ذُرِّيَّتي بِوادٍ غَيرِ ذي زَرعٍ عِندَ بَيتِكَ المُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنا لِيُقيمُوا الصَّلاةَ فَاجعَل أَفئِدَةً مِنَ النّاسِ تَهوي إِلَيهِم وَارزُقهُم مِنَ الثَّمَراتِ لَعَلَّهُم يَشكُرونَ ﴿٣٧سورة إبراهيم * '''Baytul catiiq''' (ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا تَفَثَهُمْ وَلْيُوفُوا نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ (سورة الحج، الآية 29) == Kacbada halkee dhacdo == * waxay ku taalaa magaalada [[Makkah al-Mukarama]] dhanka galbeed ee [[Jasiirad Dhuleedka Carabta]] tog ka mid ah tagoga buuraha Xijaas ooga hareersan dhan walbaa. waxay dhacdaana [[Lool]] ka 21 darajo iyo 25 daqiiqo dhanka [[Waqooyi]] iyo [[Dhigaha]] 39 darajo iyo 49 daqiiqo dhanka [[Bari]] waxayna ka sareesaa [[Badda]] in kabadan saddex boqol oo [[mitir]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=6468 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2016-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916025626/http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=6468 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Mecca banner Kaaba 3.jpg|thumb|'''Kacbada waa dhismaha madow ee bartanka ku yaala, dhismaha ku hareeresan waa masjidul-xaraam'''|1127x1127px|centre]] == Dhisidii Kacbada == * Islaamka wuxuu qabaa in Kacbada cid dhistaa ugu horaysay [[Malaa'ig|Malaa'igta]] , taariikhda sida ku sugan Kacbada in la dhisay 11 goor. [[Malaa'ig|Malaa'igta]] ayaa ugu horeysay waxaa xigay [[Nebi Aadam]] hadana [[Nebi Ibraahiim]] iyo wiilkiisa [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] kadib [[Camaaliqah|Camaaliqada]] deetana [[Jurhum]] gadaashoodna [[Qusayi binu kilaab]] hadana [[Quraysh]] waxaa xigay [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin zubeyr]] r.c sanadkii 65[[Hijriyada|H]] waxaa xigay [[Xajaaj bin yuusuf|Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] sanadkii 74 [[Hijriyada|H]] kadib [[Suldaan Muraadkii afaraad]] sanadkii 1040 [[Hijriyada|H]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2017-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714113730/http://arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> waxay ka bilaabantaa taariikhda dhisida [[Masjidul-xaraam]] goortii la dhisay Kacbada sharafta leh. sidaan horay ugu soo sheegnay Kacbada waxaa dhisay Malaa'igta balse waxaa burburiyay [[Duufaantii Nebi Nuux]]c.s kadib waxaa dib u dhisay [[Nebi Ibraahiim]] iyo wiilkiisii [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] sida [[Quraanka Kariimka]] وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ﴿١٢٧ markaa buu ka keenay [[Malaku Jibriil|Malku jibriil]] c.s [[Dhagaxa Madow]] Jannada mana aheyn madow balse wuu cadaa cadaan dhalaaleysa (xijrul aswad) abalse waxaa madow ka dhiga danbiga mushrukiinta sida xadiis nabiga laga wariyay leeyahay «الحجر الأسود من الجنة وكان أشد بياضاً من الثلج حتى سودته خطايا أهل الشرك».<ref>https://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?hflag=1&bk_no=1626&pid=898571{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Dhisidii Qureysh ee Kacbada Islaamka hortii === * Kacbada sideedii bee iska aheyd ilaa Qureysh dib uga dhiseen, taasoo keentay dab weyn oo Kacbada qabsaday mudo laga joogo 30 sano ku dhawaad kadib xiligii Abraha Maroodiga ku soo weeraray Kacbada. dabkaasoo ka dhashay in hawayney Kacbada udginaysay dab ka qabsaday. dabkaasoo dhismihii jilciyay hadana Daad baa ku dhuftay daafaheeda oo burburiyay. markaa bee Qureysh dib u dhiseen, waxeena isku afgarten inaan Kacbada lagu darin xoolaha lagu dhisaayo wax aan xalaal aheyn. qarashkii loo helay ayaa yaraaday tasoo keentay in dhismihii la wada dhisiwaayo. markaabee sadex mitir hor u soo bixiyeen dhanka dhagaxa madow * '''wax yaalaha Qurersh Kacbada ku soo kordhisy''' iriday sare u qaadeen si cidee rabaan uun u soo gasho ilinka danbana way owdeen waxayna u yeeleen saanqaaf iyo masharaaf biyaha saarta. saro waxay u qaadeen joogeeda 8.64 mitir halki markii hore ka aheyd 4.32 mitir<br> === Dhisidii Cabdulaahi binu subeer === waagii [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin zubeyr]] baa dib loo dhisay Kacbada tasoo keentay dab ka soo gaaray Manjaniiqyadii lagu duqeenaayay xiligii [[Yziid bin mucaawiya|Yaziid bin Macaawiya]] go'doomiyay magaalada [[Makkah al-Mukarama|Makkah al-mukarama]] . taasoo ugu wacneed in [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] diiday in [[Yaziid bin mucaawiya|Yaziid bin Mucaawiya]] bayco la galo. dadki raacsanaa [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] ayaa kacdoon ka sameeyay magaalada [[Madiina Al-Munawara|Mediintul Al-Munawara]]. [[Yaziid bin mucaawiya|Yaziid bin Mucaawiya]] baa markaa u diray [[Ciidan]] uu hogaaminaayo [[Muslim bin Cuqba|Muslim bin Cuqbah]] magaalada [[Medina|Mediintul Al-Munawara]] wuuna qabsaday magaaladii wuxuuna ooga sii gudbay asagii iyo ciidan kiisiiba magaalada [[Makkah al-Mukarama]] balse intuusan gaarin ayuu dhax ku dhintay. kadib [[Ciidan|Ciidankii]] waxaa hogaamiyay Al[[xuseyn bin al-namiir]] muduu hareerenayay kabid waxaa u suurta gashay inuu qabsadi [[Buurta]] Abii-qubeys markaas ayuu bilaabay inuu ku duqeeyo [[Manjaniiq]] [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] iyo intii raacsaneed. [[Manjaniiq]] yadii ayaa haleelay Kacbada oo gubay kadib markii [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] loo doortay Khaliifo sandii 64[[Hijriyada|H]] ayuu damcay Kacbada dumiyo si uu dib ugu dhiso. taaso ugu wacneed xadiis uu ka maqlay [[Caa'isha binti Abiibakar|Caa'ishah]] r.c ka warinayso [[Nebi Aadam C.S|Nebiga]] c.s.w (uu ku lee yahay hadeesan jiri la heyn cidaada-wuxuu ula jeedaa qureysh- islam ee ku cusub yihiin kacbada ayaan dib ugu celinlahaa halkii nebi ibraahiim dhagaxana gudahaan soo galin lahaa labo ilina waan u yeeli lahi mid bari iyo mid galbeed iridana dhukaan la simi lahaa waayo cadaada ayaa kor u qaaday si cidee rabaana u soo gasho kee rabaan au diidaan )<ref>http://islam.vendredi.free.fr/rangement/alimane/www.al-eman.com/Islamlib/viewchp2c34.html?BID=251&CID=133#s7</ref> xadiis saa oo kale ah Kacbada wuxuuna gaarsiiyay aasaaskii [[Nabi Ibraahiim C.S.|Nebi Ibraahiim]] wuxuuna gaarsiiay joogeeda todobo iyo labaatan dhudhun, dhumucda darbiyadana labo dhudhun, wuxuuna usameeyay labo irid oo aan dhulka saro ooga qaadneen labo ilin mid laga galo oo dhanka bari ah iyo mid laga baxo oo dhanka galbeed ah. sanadkii 65[[Hijriyada |H]] ayuu dib u balaariyay kadib markii dadkii bateen wuxuu gaarsiiyay Toban kun oo mitir iskuweer ah.<ref>http://www.masrawy.com/Islameyat/Others-Masaged/details/2014/10/1/358485/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86 {{Wayback|url=http://www.masrawy.com/Islameyat/Others-Masaged/details/2014/10/1/358485/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86 |date=20160316151205 }}</ref> === Dhisidii Xajaaj bin yuusuf xiligii Umawiyiinta === [[Cabdilmalik bin marwaan|Cabdilmalik bin Marwaan]] baa go'aansaday inuu meesha ka saaro [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] markaa buu u diray [[Xajaaj bin yuusuf|Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] oo ciidan xoog badan wata inuu magaalada [[Makkah al-Mukarama|Makkah al-mukarama]] gacanta ooga dhigo [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] markaa buu hareereyay magaalada wuxuuna ku rakibtay Manjaniiq yadii (waa madaafiic goob oo la isticmaali jiray waagii hore) buurta Abii-qubeys iyo buurta qaciiqaan iyo magalaada dhinacyadeedaba markaa buu bilaabay inuu ladhaco saasbee ku gubatay Kacbada. markaa bee [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] iyo ciidankiisa banaanka ugu baxeen [[Xajaaj bin yuusuf|Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] cabdulaahina waa la dilay dagaalkii saas buu ku istaagay. [[Xajaaj bin yuusuf|Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] baa warqad u qoray [[Cabdilmalik bin marwaan|Cabdilmalik bin Marwaan]] uu ku sheegayo in [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] wax ka badalay kacbadii. [[Cabdilmalik bin marwaan|Cabdilmalik bin Marwaan]] baa amaray xajaaj inuu dumiyo waxii cabdulaahi bin zubeyr ku kordhiyay . taasoo ugu wacneed cilmi la'aan ka haysay xadiiskii [[Caa'isha binti Abiibakar|Caa'isha]] r.c laga wariyay . sanadii 74[[Hijriyada|H]] xajaaj baa dumiyay lix dhudhun waxuuna ka dhisay aasaaskii qureysh wuuna owday iriidii galbeed<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=974&idto=975&bk_no=59&ID=1089 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2016-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424023253/http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=974&idto=975&bk_no=59&ID=1089 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === Dhisidii Suldaan Muraadkii afaraad xilidii Cusmaaniyiinta === [[File:Kaba.jpg|thumb|waa sawir la qaaday 1880M(1297[[Hijriyada|H]])]] xiligii [[Axmad koowaad|Suldaan Axmad 1aad]] baa gidaaradii Kacbada jilceen oo soo daateen. markaasi baa [[Suldaan Axmad Awal]] damcay inuu dumiyo oo dib u cusboonesiiyo dhismaheeda, balse injineeradii baa kula taliyay inuu maarta jaalaha ah oo dahabka ku ladhan ku adkeeyo xaga sare iyo xaga hoose , saa owgeed ma sii taagnaan oo waxaa burburiyay Roob mahiigaan ah oo Makkah helay maalin arbaco ah 19 Shacbaan 1039[[Hijriyada|H]] oo isku badalay Daad weyn oo galay Masijul-xaraam iyo Kacbadaba, Daad kaasoo xaaqay wax walboo gudaha Masjidka yaalay oo soo saaray keedkeedii, waxaana ku dhintay Dad Faro badan, waxaan dumay gidaarkii xaga Shaam iyo qeeb ka mid ah gidaaradii bari iyo galbeed. wuxuu amray [[Suldaan Muraadkii afaraad]] in si dhaqsa ah dib loogu dhiso. waxaana dib u dhisay injineero Masaari ah sandkii 1040H waana dhismaha hada dhisan ee Kacbada, waxaana suurtoobay habeenteeda iyo naashnaashida Masjidka dhamaantii waxaana lagu fidiyay dhulkeeda Gogol, waxay bilaabatay dhisidu maalin Axad ah 23 [[Jamaadul Aakhir]] sanadkii 1040 waxayna la dhameestiray dhisitaankeeda isla sanadkaa bilawga bisha Ramadaan. waana dismaha hada kuu muuqda, wixii waagaa ka danbeeyay waxaa lagu kordhiyay uun naashnaashid == Tilmaamaha Kacbada == [[File:Kaaba.png|thumb|Kacbada]] Kacbada waxaa lagu tilmaamaa dhismo qaab afar gees ah oo joogiisa dhanyahay 15 mitir uuna garaayo balaceeda dhanka irida 12 mitir balaceeda dhanka masharaafta ah 10 mitir. saas ma aheyn waagii [[Nabi Ismaaciil C.S.|Nebi Ismaaciil]] waxaysa aheyd 9 dhudhun saanqaaf la'. Qureysh baa islaamka hortii ku dartay 9 dhudhun oo kale markaabe noqotay 18 dhudhun irideedana saro bee u qaadeen, markaas bee noqotay in lagu galo jaraanjar wagii [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] buu ku daray 9 dhudhun markaabee noqotay 27 dhudhun ilaa hada waa sidaa. <a h sida lawada ogyahay Kacbada waxay lee dahay afar tiir, oo kala ah '''Tiirka madow''', '''Tiirka xaga wuqooyi''', '''Tiirka xaga yama'''n iyo '''Tiirka xaga ciraaq,''' xaga darbiga wuqooyi waxay ku lee dahay masharaaf ka sameesan dahab kuna beegan [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] . # '''[[Dhagaxa madow]] :''' waa dhagax qaab yara cadaan leh, midibkiisuna yahay madow guduud xigeen ah kuna yaala dhanka koonfur bari ee Kacbada # '''[[Ilbaabka Kacbada]] :''' wuxuu ka sameesan yahay qalin waxaana la sameeyay waagii cusmaaniyiinta, kadib waxaa lagu xardhay qoraal carabiyeed oo quraan ah # '''[[Masharaafta Kacbada]] :''' waa qeeb ku dhagan dusha sare dhanka wuqooyi ee Kacbada, kana saarta kacbada biyaha roobka # '''[[Shaadaruwaan]]:''' waa dhagaxaantii aasaaska kacbada ee laga tagay banaanka, waxayna u eg tahay hoos guntiga haweenka oo kale # '''[[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]]:''' waa deer ama xeendaab meegaran oo leh qaab garaangar bar keed oo kale ah kuna yaale dhanka wuqooyi ee kacbada # '''[[Multazim]] :''' waa inta u dhaxeesa dhagaxa madow iyo ilbaabka Kacbada, qiyaas ahaana dhan labo mitir, waana meel alle baryada ku ajiibo # '''[[Maqaamu Ibraahiim]] :''' waa dhagaxii [[Nabi Ibraahiim C.S.|Nebi Ibraahiim]] ku istaag markuu dhisaayay Kacbada # '''[[Tiirarka Kacbada|Tiirka xaga bari]] :''' waa tiirka dhanka ilaabka xiga kuna beegan [[Ceelka zamzam]] waana halkuu ku dhaganyahay dhagaxa madow # '''[[Tiirarka Kacbada|Tiirka xaga Yaman]] :''' waa tiirka dhanka gadaal ooga beegan tiirka bari # '''[[Tiirarka Kacbada|Tiirka xaga wuqooyi]]:''' waa tiirka ku yaala dhanka galbeed ee dhagaxa ismaaciil # '''[[Tiirarka Kacbada|Tiirka xaga Ciraaq]] :''' waa tiirka ku yaala xaga bari ee dhagaxa ismaaciil # '''[[Huga Kacbada]] :''' waa gabal maro ah oo xariir la xardhay ka sameesan kuna xardhan aayado quraan ah ooga dadan Kacbada dhan walbaa == Kacbada waxay ka koobantahay == === Ilbaabka Kacbada === [[File:Gate of Ka-bah.JPG|thumb|250px|sawir la qaaday 2011, ilbaabka kacbada]] '''Ilbaabka Kacbada''' ''wuxuu ku yaalaa dhanka bari ee [[kacbada]], wuxuuna ka sareeyaa [[Shaadaruwaan]] ka 222cm (waxaa loola jeedaa waa kaabada ka hooseesa ilbaabka) Ilbaabkana dhirirkiisu yahay 318 cm balaciisuna 171cm gudahana ugu jira mitir barkii. Kacbadu waxay laheyd ilin iska banaan, kadib ayaa loo sameeyay Ilbaab, hubaalna looma haayo goortii la sameeyay yo cidii sameesay ba. taariikhyahanadu way isku khilaafeen arintaas, balse sida la sheego waxaa runta ugu dhaw, qofkii ugu horeyay oo kacbada ilbaab u yeela inuu ahaa Tubbacii sadaxaad ee boqoradii yaman ka mid ahaa oo joogay nabiga c.s.w hortii xili hore.<ref>[http://islam.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/3150.aspx باب الكعبة] {{Wayback|url=http://islam.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/3150.aspx |date=20160919190546 }}، البوابة الدينية</ref> sida ku sugan siiratu ibnu Isxaaq <<wuuxuu ahaa Tubbac siday sheegeen qofkii ugu horeyay oo kacbada dada,wuxuuna faray howlwadeynadiisii ee reer jurham inay kacbada daahiriyaan oona u yeelaan ilbaab iyo fure>><ref>[http://uqu.edu.sa/page/ar/122332 تاريخ باب الكعبة]، جامعة أم القرى</ref> taariikhyahankii al-azraqi asna wuxuu sheegay << wuxuu ahaa Tubbac qofkii ugu horeyay oo kacbada kuwada dada hu' una yeela ilbaab la xiro mana la heyn ilbaab la xiro hortii, wuxuuna ka tirshay Tubbac gabay, oo baytkaan ka mid ahaa'', ''وأقمنا به من الشــهر عشرًا وجعلنا لبابــــه إقليــدا'' >> </ref> <ref>[http://uqu.edu.sa/page/ar/122332 الجزء (1/95)]، سيرة ابت هشام</ref> waagii [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] ilbaabka kacbada wuxuu ahaa kow iyo toban dhudhun, kadib [[Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] ayaa ka dhigay sagaal dhudhun iyo Taako.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?hflag=1&bk_no=71&pid=33089 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822204507/http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?hflag=1&bk_no=71&pid=33089 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sanadkii 1045 waagii [[Suldaan Muraadkii afaraad]] waa la badalay waxaana lagu dheehay dheeh Qalin ah wax dhan 166 xero (pound) waxaana lagu dheehay Dahabka kiisa maarta u eg waana ilbaabka hada ee kacbada leedahay.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.alharamain.gov.sa/index.cfm?do=cms.conarticle&contentid=5816&categoryid=996 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817103546/http://www.alharamain.gov.sa/index.cfm?do=cms.conarticle&contentid=5816&categoryid=996 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> markay reer sacuud yimaadeen baa loo sameeyay labo ilaab. mid waa xilgii Boqor Cabdulcaziiz aala sacuud 1363H, midka labaadna waa kan hada Lee dahay waxaana la sameeya 1398H xiligii Boqor Khaalid bin Cabdulcaziiz aala sacuud waxaana sameyay axmad bin ibraahim badar, waxaana laga sameeyay dahab, dahabka laga sameeyay labada ilbaab wuxuu dhamaa 280KG qiimo dhan 13milyan iyo 420 kun oo dinaar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://articles.islamweb.net/media/index.php?page=article&lang=A&id=4649 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822190425/http://articles.islamweb.net/media/index.php?page=article&lang=A&id=4649 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://akhbaar24.argaam.com/article/detail/210543 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2021-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512230409/https://akhbaar24.argaam.com/article/detail/210543 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === Masharaafta Kacbada === [[File:Kaaba mizab.jpg|thumb|Masharaafta kacbada waxay ka muuqataa kor, waxa soo taagan oo Dahabka u eg]] '''Masharaafta Kacbada''' ([[Carabi|af-carabi]] ميزاب) <ref>http://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8/</ref>waa qeeb ku dhagan dusha sare ee [[kacbada]] dhanka Wuqooyi una jeeda xaga [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] kana saarta biyaha fariista sakxada sare ee kacbada marka la dhaqaayo iyo kuwa Roobka. cidii ugu horeysay oo kacbada masharaaf u yeesha waxay ahaayeen Qureysh Nabiga c.s.w 35 ka hor soo diristiisii waagaa wiixii ka horeyay ma laheyn kacbadu saanqaaf. siduu sheegay taariikhyahanki Ibnu Hishaam oo ka wariyay Ibnu Isxaaq wuxuu yiri <<markuu garay Nebiga c.s.w shan iyo sodon gu' Qureysh baa waxay go'aamiyeen inay kacbada dhisaan, tasoo in badan ku taamayeen inay Saanqaaf saaran,waxayna ka hebeesanayeen duminteeda,waxayna u ekeed wax aan jooga dheereen, markaa bee doneen inay kor u qaadaan oona saanqaaf u yeelaan >><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.alharamain.gov.sa/index.cfm?do=cms.conarticle&contentid=5815&categoryid=996 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817111124/http://www.alharamain.gov.sa/index.cfm?do=cms.conarticle&contentid=5815&categoryid=996 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> markuu [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] dhisaayay wuxuu u yeelay masharaaf ujeeda dhanka [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] sidey Qureysh sameesay oo kale. [[Xajaan bin Yuusuf]] markuu dhisaayay kacbada ayuu ka dhimay wax kastoo [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] ku kordhiyay oo ku ekaa sidii Nebi Ibraahiim u dhisay, waayo Qureysh ma wada dhisan kacbada qabyee ooga tageen taasoo ugu wacneed qarash yari. markaa buu ka yeelay masharaafta halkeedii hore ee dhanka wuqooyi.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.tohajj.com/Display.Asp?Url=hrm00037.htm |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232552/http://www.tohajj.com/Display.Asp?Url=hrm00037.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> masharaafta haataan ee kacbada waatii waagii uu sameeyay Suldaan Cabdulmajiid khaan, oo lagu sameeyay magaalada qusdandiiniyah ee hada loo yaqaan Istanbul markaa baa lagu dhajiayay 1276H , waxaana ku dahaaran Dahab, kadib waxaa lagu sameeyay habeen oo loo yeelay musbaaro looga dhajay dhanka saro si Qooleedu(shimbirahu) u fuulin, kadib markay xirmatay sakxadii waagii Boqor sacuud bin cabdiziiz .<ref>http://cairodar.youm7.com/310052/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%82{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> marka la tilmaamayo, wuxuu yiri Al-azraqiy: dheerarka masharaaftu waa afar dhudhun, dhumucdeeduna waa sideed farood,masharaaftu waxaa ku ku dhagan safeexado Dahab ah, qof Dahab u yeela waxaa u horeeyay [[Waliid bin Cabdulmalik]],waxaana dhacda in la badalo masharaafta kacbada sharfoon,, taasoo ugu wacantahay labo mid,.mid waxa weeye markii ey baaba'do in labado, iyo mida kaloo ah, in Boqorada iyo hantiilayaasha muslimiinta inay u hadyeeni jireen kacbada masharaaf markaa baa lugu xiri jiray kacbada lagana furi jiray tii hore. waxaa laga qaadanayaa inay masharaaftu tahay qaab [[Laydi]] ah oo dusha sare u banaan, una banaan dhanka gadaal ee sakxada kacbada sidoo kale u furan dhanka hore ee banaanka soo jirta ee ku beegan [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] , wuxuuna gaarayaa dhirirka masharaafta 2.58 mitir, balaceedana 25 cm, dhumucdana 21cm, waxana dhanwalbaa ka xiga alwaax 2cm ah iyo safeexado Dahab ah oo dhan 24 qiraad. '''Siday u kala horeeyeen''' * masharaaftii ugu horeysay ee kacbada loo sameeyo waxay aheyd tii Qureysh u sameeyeen Nebiga c.s.w 35 sano ka hor soo diristiisa<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr markuu dhisaayay Kacbada sanadkii 65H<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Xajaaj bin Yuusuf oo dib u dhisay Kacbada sanadkii 73H xiligii Cabdulmalik bin Marwaan<ref>http://www.youm7.com/story/2014/10/3/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_11_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8/1892472#.VuySROJ97IU</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii uu saaray Sheykh abuu qaasim ramashat sanadkii 537H / 1142M<ref>http://www.youm7.com/story/2014/10/3/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_11_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8/1892472#.VuySROJ97IU</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii khaliifkii Cabaasiyiinta Al-muqtafi li'amrilaah sanadkii 541H/1146M<ref>http://www.youm7.com/story/2014/10/3/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_11_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8/1892472#.VuySROJ97IU</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Khaliifkii Cabaasiyiinta Al-naasir lidiini laah sanadkii 622H / 1279M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Suldaan Suleymaan Al-qaanuuni ee Cusmaaniyiinta sanadkii 959H/ 1551M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii laga keenay Masar sanadkii 962H / 1554M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Cabdulmajiid Al-awal ee Cusmaaniyiinta sanadkii 1021H /1612M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Suldaan Axmad Al-awal bin Maxamed sanadkii 1021H/1612M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * kadib waxaa xigtay masharaaftii loo dhiibay xaajigii Ridaa baashaa ee Cusmaaniyiinta sanadkii 1276H / 1859M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * Tan hada kacbadu leedahay waa midii xiligii Boqor Fahad bin Cabdulcaziiz la saaray, kabid markii laga badalay midii hore oo loo yeelay mid cusub oo xoog leh kana adag tii hore isku qaabna ah.<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> === Al-multazim === '''Multazim''' waa magac carabi ah<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.saaid.net/Doat/ehsan/124.htm/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |archive-date=2017-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708033026/http://saaid.net/Doat/ehsan/124.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> waana meel u dhaxeesa [[Dhagaxa Madow]] iyo [[Ilbaabka Kacbada]] dheerar kiisuna dhanyahay afar dhudhun (labo mitir ku dhawaad)<ref>https://islamqa.info/ar/47756</ref> sida laga wariyay [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] inuu yiri <<multazimku waa inta u dhaxeesa tiirka iyo ilbaabka>> waana meesha alle baryada ku aqbalo. waxaana suno ah in aad daankaaga iyo dhudhumadaada iyo laabtaada iyo sacabadaada wada saartid oo aad ku dhajisid darbiga(halka u dhaxeesa ilbaabka iyo tiitka dhagaxa madow ka sokeeya) [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] sidaa ayuu sameen jiray wuxuuna dhihi jiray <<qofna isku ma dhajiyo oo markaa alle wax ma waydiisto alle waa siiyaa wixii uu rabay>> <ref>http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=34784{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> sidoo kale waxaa la wariyay Cabdullaahi bin Camri bin Caas inuu dawaafay oo tukaday oo markaa salaamay rukniga oo markaa istaagay inta u dhaxeesa dhagaxa iyo ilbaabka oo uu ku nabay laabtiisa iyo sacabadiisa iyo daankiisa buu markaa yiri <<saas ayaan arkay nabigoo sameenaya>><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://makkah.org.sa/site/index.php/mqalatmakkia/642-almultazam2.html |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2017-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021123022/http://makkah.org.sa/site/index.php/mqalatmakkia/642-almultazam2.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. wuxuu yiri abuu zubeyr waxaan arkay [[Cabdullaahi bin Cumar]] r.c iyo [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] iyo [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] oo isku nabaya. wuxuuna yiri cabdullali bin cabbaas <<inta u dhaxeesa dhagaxa iyo ilbaabka ma istaago qof oo markaa alle maka baryo wax ilaa wuu arkaa dantiisoo qaarkeed oo fushay>><ref>http://islamport.com/b/3/alhadeeth/motoon/%DF%CA%C8%20%C7%E1%E3%CA%E6%E4/%C3%CE%C8%C7%D1%20%E3%DF%C9%20%E1%E1%DD%C7%DF%E5%ED/%C3%CE%C8%C7%D1%20%E3%DF%C9%20%E1%E1%DD%C7%DF%E5%ED%20001.html{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Shaadaruwaan === === Tiirarka Kacbada === '''Tiirarka Kacbada''' waxaa loola jeedaa waa afarta xagal ee [[Kacbada]]. waxaana loogu magacaabay mar in laga wado afarta jiho ee xigaan marna macno u gaar ah oo loola jeedo<ref>http://www.manhal.net/articles.php?action=show&id=16837</ref> # '''Tiirka xaga bari''': waa tiirka u dhaw [[Ilbaabka Kacbada]] kuna beegan [[Ceelka Zamzam]] ka ku dhawaad waxaa kaloo luga magacaa baa tiirka madaw waayo [[Dhagaxa Madow]] ayaa ku dhagan waana tiirka laga bilaabo [[Dawaafka]] # '''Tiirka xaga Ciraaq''': waa tiirka jira dhanka ciraaq waana tiirka soo xiga tiirka bari marka laga Dawaafayom waxaa kaloo lagu magacaa baa tiirka wuqooyi ku aadanaantiisa dhanka yara wuqooyi, waan tiirka xiga dhanka bari ee [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] # '''Tiirka xaga Galbeed''': waa tiirka soo xiga tiirka ciraaq marka la dawaafayo, waxaa kaloo lagu magacaa baa tiirka Shaam waaayo wuxuu xigaa dhanka shaam, waana tiirka jira dhanka galbeed ee [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] #'''Tiirka xaga Yaman''' : waa tiirka xiga tiirka galbeed marka la dawaafayo, waxaana lagu magacaa baa tiirka koonfur waayo wuxuu yara xigaa dhanka koonfur, waxaa kaloo la dhahaa tiirka yaman waayo wuxuu xigaa dhanka yaman, waxaa kaloo la dhahaa Mustajaaar. waxaa ka loo u gaar ah tiirka yaman in la salaamo asaga iyo Dhaxa Madow marka la dawaafayo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=7313 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425101010/http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=7313 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Dhagaxa Madow === === Maqaamu Ibraahiim === === Dhagaxa Ismaaciil === === Hu'ga Kacbada === == Holwadeenada Kacbada == == Tixraac == * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām—The Way to God by Submission] (en) {{Gumud}} [[Category:Islaam]] [[Category:Aqoon]] [[Category:Ilbaxnimo]] [[Category:Taariikh]] cveeae6tguxx1xy3saingytsqq0r5s1 0 18730 306176 274856 2026-08-30T08:09:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Nacayb]] (af-ingiriis: hate, [[carabi]]: الكره) waa qiiro dibu gurasho oo uu la socdo dhibsi daran, iyo didid iyo cadawtooyo ama naxariis darro loo hayo qof ama walax ama ifafaale muuqda, waxaa la socdo doonid ka dheeraansho waxaas la nacayo, ama jelaanta baabiinta iyo tirtiridiisa, nacaybka ayaa ka dhalan kara cabsi ama xasuusta wax xun oo dhacday waqti hore, waxaa kaloo ka dhashaa qof si xun ula macaamilay qofkaas wax nacaya, nacaybka ayaa ka imaan kara dhinac kala duwanaansho caqiido iyo kala duwanaasho aragti. Ereyga '''Nacayb''' ayaa mar mar loo adeegsadaa walax aan saas loo nacbayn oo la dhibsanyo uun. sida xili gooreed ka mida xiliyada aduunka sida qabowga ama kulaylka, nooc ka mida cuntada, ama jaad ka mida dharka, urta, maqalka, taabashada. Yehowah nacaybka wuu ka saari doonaa qalbiyada dadka. Ma ahan inaan dadka ugu kala eexano midabkooda jidhka; waa inay bartaan inay nacaan wuxuu Ilaahay neceb yahay. Ma ahan inaan dadka ugu kala eexano midabkooda jidhka. Run diinta waa inay bartaan inay nacaan wuxuu [[Ilaahay]] neceb yahay. == Neceb Waxa Eebbe Neceb yahay == * Dil * Anshax xumada galmada * Jinni -nimo * Cibaadada * Balwad * Xatooyo * Beenta * Damaca * Rabshad * Af xumo iyo xanta * Isticmaalka qaldan ee dhiigga * Diidmada bixinta qoyskaaga * Ku lug lahaanshaha dagaallada ama siyaasadda * Sigaar -cabista iyo ku -xadgudubka mukhaadaraadka == Aragtida Islaamka ee nacaybka == <div> Islaamku intuusan iman ka hor waxa jiray nacayb iyo colaad u dhexysay dadkii waqtigaas joogay ee carabta iyo cajamta ahaa, markay islaamka soo wada galeen waxaa ka baxay halkaas nacaybkii u dhexeyay oo ay sababta u ahayd diin la'aanta iyo gaalnimada,<ref>http://www.habous.gov.ma/daouat-alhaq/item/3209{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> </div>Islaamka ayaa dadka simay una sheegay inay isku jeclaadaan diin iskuna nacaan diin xumo, islaamka ayaa diiday dadka in lagu noco xag abuuris iyo lixaad yari,<div>islaamku ma ogola in dadka lagu noco cid ama qabiil ama jinsi iyo farac, ilaahay wuxuu leeyahay (إنما المؤمنون إخوة فأصلحوا بين أخويكم واتقو الله لعلكم ترحمون) xadiis nabiga scw laga wariyay ayaa ahaa لا تباغضوا، ولا تحاسدوا، ولا تدابروا، ولا تقاطعوا، وكونوا عباد الله إخواناً، ولا يحل لمسلم أن يهجر أخاه فوق ثلاث" oo la micno ah ha is u caroonina, ha is xaasidina, ha isu daba jeedinina, ha is goynina, oo ahaada adoomo alle oo waloolo ah, uma banaana muslinka inuu walaalkiis ka fogaado in ka badan sadex maalin.<ref>http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=1642{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, qofka muslinka ah qabiilkiisa jinsiyadiisa waa caqiidadiisa.</div>islaamku wuxuu sheegay in kaliya lagu kala sareeyo cabsida alle, ayna simanyihiin carab, afrikaan, faarisi, ruumaan, dadku markay diinta ka yara durkeen ayaa waxaa soo laabtay nacaybkii macno darrada ku fadhiyay.<ref>http://www.habous.gov.ma/daouat-alhaq/item/3209{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nacaybka ka dhex dhaca lamaanaha == lamaanaha ayaa is naca markii midkood la yimaado culays uu ku hayo kan kale ama danayn la'aan iyo ixtiraam la'aan, nacaybkaas oo keena in gurigu burburo laguna kala tago, nacaybka ka dhex dhaca lamaanaha ayaa u qaybsama mid qalbi ahaaneed iyo naf ahaaneed, kan qalbigu waa jacaylkiyoo meesha ka baxay, kan nafeedna waa qof dhaqankiis ama qaab samayskiisa oo la naco, in kastoo ay jiraan in qofka lagu nici karo wax lga ag waayay sida hanti iyo sharaf lana  jeclaan wax agtiisa yaal dartood sida hanti iyo magac.<ref name=":0">https://saaid.net/mktarat/alzawaj/35.htm</ref> === '''Waxyaabaha keena is nacaybka lamaanaha:'''<ref name=":0" /> === * wax isku sheegid la,aanta wanaaga oon la is farin xumaantana aan la iska reebin * lamaanaha mid ka mida oo wixii xaq lagu lahaa oo laga waayo, sida ninka oo laga waayo nafaqadii cida iyo dhaqankii guriga. * masayrka xad dhaafka ah ee ka yimaada labada dhinac siiba xaga dumarka. * sir oon la qarin labada dhinacna ka dhici kara. * ceebo laga dido oo xag abuuris ah sida xanuuno iyo cudurro aan daawo lahayn. * khiyaano lagu dhaco. * gogosha oo la isku baneeyo sabab la'aan. === '''Siyaabaha qarsoon ee keena nacaybka:'''<ref name=":0" /> === * jacayl isu muujin la'aan. * xasilooni iyo degenaansho dareemid la'aan iyo shaki la iska qabo ah in khiyaano jirto. * Qofkii oon sheegan karin waxa uu markaas jecelyahay dhinaca kalana uusan la fahmaynin. taaso ugu dambayn keenta nacayb xad dhaaf ah. * is waafaqid iyo is fahan la,aan * dulqaad yarida, * caddaysi la'aan iyo heshiis la'aan. (nidaam lagu wada socdo oon jirin)<ref name=":0" /> == Soomaalida iyo Nacaybka == Sida la wada ogyahay mar hadddii dadku diintooda ka runsheegaan oo caqiidadu si fiican uga daadagto waxaa ka baxaya haraadigii aragtiyaha xun xun, iyo qiimayntii khaldanayd ee wax lagu miisaami jiray, === Isir nacaybka iyo habyb sooca: === soomaalida ayaa caan ku ah labadaas wa waxyaalood waxaan keenaya diin yarida iyo ka fogaanshaha ku dhaqanka islaamka runta ah, canuga yar meeshii lagu tarbiyayn lahaa barashada diinta iyo jacaylka wixii la mabda' ah waxaa loo sheegayaa '''reer hebel''' waa cadowgeenna, waan necebnahay, waligaa iska jir iskana ilaali, ilmihii yaraa wuxuu ku korayaa qolo nacayb uusan fasiri karin waxa dhaliyay, iyo waxa ku kalifay midna, markuu u yaraado wuxuu dhihi karaa colaad baa na dhex martay waa' hore, oo colaada qof baad ka tahaye maxaa u wada nacday cidaas oo dhan?, dad aan raali ka ahayn colaadaas sow ma jiri karaan? oo bal ka waran hadii reerkiin dulmiga lahaa, waa wax aan la sheegi karin, gabyaa carbeed oo joogay waqtigii jaahiliga ayaa laga sheegay inuu yiri '''(anigu "ghazya' uun baan ka mid ahay, haday lunta iyo haday hanuunto ayaga uun baan la jiraa''') '''ghazya''' waa reerkiisa, waa indho la'aanta qabyaalada iyo mabda' la'aanta.. carabta waxaa astaan u ahaa waagaas ('''u gargaar walaalkaa haduu gardaran yahay iyo hadii laga gardaranyahayba''') waana tabta soomaali ku sifaysantahay soomaalida maanta joogta. === See looga bixi karaa hayb nacaybka === Arrinta qabyaalada la yiraahdo waa wax xun, si walboo talooyin aan wax gal ahayn oon loola jeedin run ahaanteeda loo soo bandhigo iyo si walboo buug looga qoro aan lagu salayn mabda' iyo caqiidio wax hagaagaya ma jiraan ilaa loo laabto islaamka saxda ah iyo ku dhaqankiisa, islaamku sida uu u walaaleeyay '''aws''' iyo '''khasraj''' (labo qabiil oo walalo is neceb ahaa oo degenaa magaalada Madiina) waa la ogaa oo colaad 120 sano ah dhextaalay, sida ruum iyo furus iyo carab uu meel isugu keenay waa la ogaa, ma soomaali oo '''hal qoys''' ah baa meel isugu imaan wayday waa maya , waxa isu keeni karan waa ku dhaqanka iyo fahanka xaqiiqda islaamka aan sheeganayno oo baryahayaan sheegasho ku soo aruuray. == Aragtida cilmi nafsiga == <div> cilmi nafsiga ayaa u arka in nacaybku yahay rabida qofka inuu burburiyo meel balaayada uga imanayso.<br> </div> == Xigasho iyo tixraac == * '''[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/watchtower-study-march-2021/Love-Helps-Us-to-Endure-Hatred/ Love Helps Us to Endure Hatred]''' * [https://www.jw.org/so/markhaatiyaasha-yehowah/suʼaalaha-la-is-weyddiiyo/maxaynan-markhaatiyaasha-yehowah-dagaal-uga-qaybqaadan/ Maxaynan Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah Dagaal uga Qaybqaadan?] * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200001912 Hate] [[Category:Dareen]] d95cem4r7y6yff5hm1khsb11up418hz 0 19033 306175 275411 2026-08-30T07:57:46Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306175 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kaaba.png|thumb|'''6''' multazim]] '''Multazim''' waa magac carabi ah<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.saaid.net/Doat/ehsan/124.htm/ |access-date=2016-03-17 |archive-date=2017-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708033026/http://saaid.net/Doat/ehsan/124.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> waana meel u dhaxeesa [[Dhagaxa Madow]] iyo [[Ilbaabka Kacbada]] dheerar kiisuna dhanyahay afar dhudhun (labo mitir ku dhawaad)<ref>https://islamqa.info/ar/47756</ref> sida laga wariyay [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] inuu yiri <<multazimku waa inta u dhaxeesa tiirka iyo ilbaabka>> waana meesha alle baryada ku aqbalo. waxaana suno ah in aad daankaaga iyo dhudhumadaada iyo laabtaada iyo sacabadaada wada saartid oo aad ku dhajisid darbiga(halka u dhaxeesa ilbaabka iyo tiitka dhagaxa madow ka sokeeya) [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] sidaa ayuu sameen jiray wuxuuna dhihi jiray <<qofna isku ma dhajiyo oo markaa alle wax ma waydiisto alle waa siiyaa wixii uu rabay>> <ref>http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=34784{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> sidoo kale waxaa la wariyay Cabdullaahi bin Camri bin Caas inuu dawaafay oo tukaday oo markaa salaamay rukniga oo markaa istaagay inta u dhaxeesa dhagaxa iyo ilbaabka oo uu ku nabay laabtiisa iyo sacabadiisa iyo daankiisa buu markaa yiri <<saas ayaan arkay nabigoo sameenaya>><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://makkah.org.sa/site/index.php/mqalatmakkia/642-almultazam2.html |access-date=2016-03-17 |archive-date=2017-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021123022/http://makkah.org.sa/site/index.php/mqalatmakkia/642-almultazam2.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. wuxuu yiri abuu zubeyr waxaan arkay [[Cabdullaahi bin Cumar]] r.c iyo [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] iyo [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] oo isku nabaya. wuxuuna yiri cabdullali bin cabbaas <<inta u dhaxeesa dhagaxa iyo ilbaabka ma istaago qof oo markaa alle maka baryo wax ilaa wuu arkaa dantiisoo qaarkeed oo fushay>><ref>http://islamport.com/b/3/alhadeeth/motoon/%DF%CA%C8%20%C7%E1%E3%CA%E6%E4/%C3%CE%C8%C7%D1%20%E3%DF%C9%20%E1%E1%DD%C7%DF%E5%ED/%C3%CE%C8%C7%D1%20%E3%DF%C9%20%E1%E1%DD%C7%DF%E5%ED%20001.html{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tixraac == j4cj3z49iaw5u0ovlq4gj5gd4qt8wp7 0 19034 306183 155050 2026-08-30T10:34:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kaaba.png|thumb|8-Tiirka xaga bari.</br> 9-Tiirka xaga Yaman.</br> 10-Tiirka xaga Wuqooyi.</br> 11-Tiirka xaga Ciraaq.</br>]] '''Tiirarka Kacbada''' waxaa loola jeedaa waa afarta xagal ee [[Kacbada]]. waxaana loogu magacaabay mar in laga wado afarta jiho ee xigaan marna macno u gaar ah oo loola jeedo<ref>http://www.manhal.net/articles.php?action=show&id=16837</ref> # '''Tiirka xaga bari''': waa tiirka u dhaw [[Ilbaabka Kacbada]] kuna beegan [[Ceelka Zamzam]] ka ku dhawaad waxaa kaloo luga magacaa baa tiirka madaw waayo [[Dhagaxa Madow]] ayaa ku dhagan waana tiirka laga bilaabo [[Dawaafka]] # '''Tiirka xaga Ciraaq''': waa tiirka jira dhanka ciraaq waana tiirka soo xiga tiirka bari marka laga Dawaafayom waxaa kaloo lagu magacaa baa tiirka wuqooyi ku aadanaantiisa dhanka yara wuqooyi, waan tiirka xiga dhanka bari ee [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] # '''Tiirka xaga Galbeed''': waa tiirka soo xiga tiirka ciraaq marka la dawaafayo, waxaa kaloo lagu magacaa baa tiirka Shaam waaayo wuxuu xigaa dhanka shaam, waana tiirka jira dhanka galbeed ee [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] #'''Tiirka xaga Yaman''' : waa tiirka xiga tiirka galbeed marka la dawaafayo, waxaana lagu magacaa baa tiirka koonfur waayo wuxuu yara xigaa dhanka koonfur, waxaa kaloo la dhahaa tiirka yaman waayo wuxuu xigaa dhanka yaman, waxaa kaloo la dhahaa Mustajaaar. waxaa ka loo u gaar ah tiirka yaman in la salaamo asaga iyo Dhaxa Madow marka la dawaafayo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=7313 |access-date=2016-03-17 |archive-date=2016-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425101010/http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=7313 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == k6wke08jo22jhdzv0r8qwqqb8gytpnk 0 22835 306158 295203 2026-08-30T03:29:35Z Madar siciid 47170 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|1|0 */ 306158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Macluumaad Qof Madax Ah |name = Muuse Biixi <br>{{small|{{lang-ar|موسى بيحي عبدي}}}} |office = [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland |Madaxweynihii]] [[Madaxweyneyaashii Somaliland|5aad]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda]] [[Somaliland]] |image = The President of Somaliland Muse Bihi Abdi.jpg |caption = |vicepresident = [[Cabdiraxmaan cabdilaahi ismaaciil Saylici]] |term_start = 13 December 2017 |term_end =12 December 2024 |predecessor = [[Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud (Siilaanyo)]] |successor = |birth_place = [[Hargeysa]], [[Somaliland]] |birth_date = {{birth year and age|1948}} |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Kulmiye]] |spouse = Sahra Cabdilahi Absia<br>Rooda Axmed Cumar |alma_mater = Gagarin Air Force Academy<br>United States Military Academy<br>Jaamacadda Hargeysa |religion = [[Islam]] |children = |signature_alt = |website = }} '''Muuse Biixi''' ({{lang-en|''Musa Bihi''}}) waa madaxweynaha 5aad ee Jamhuuriyadda iskeed madaxbannaanidda ugu dhawaaqdey ee [[Somaliland]] isagoo ah madaxweynaha tan iyo markii uu ku guuleystay doorashoyinka sanadka 2017. == Taariikh == Muuse Biixi Cabdi wuxuu uu dhashay taarikhdu sanadkii 1948, waxa uu ku dhashay galbeedka Hargeysa tuullo yar oo u taal agaas. Xiligii barbaaritaankiisi wax-barasho waxa uu u soo-wareegay magaalada Hargeysa oo uu ka bilaabay dugsigii Sheekh-Baraawe oo markaa ku yaalay dooxa-Hargeysa agagaarkiisa markii danbena usoo wareegay jeelka-weyn ee Hargeysa dhankiisa galbeed. Wax-barashadiisi hoose dhexe waxa uu ka bilaabay dugsiga hoose dhexe ee Biyo-dhacay ku-sinaan taarikhdu markii ay ahayd 1959-kii isago wax-barashadiisi kalena ku soo qaatay [[Camuud]]. === Tobabarkii === Taarikhda waxii intaas ka danbeyey 1970-kii waxa uu ka midnoqday ardeydii loo-qaatay in loo-soo tababaro carbiska saraakiisha oo uu ku soo-qaatay [[Midowga Sofiyet]] Akadammiyada-barashada cilmiga duulimaadka diyaaradaha gaar ahaan nooca dagaalka (Fighter-bomber aircraft-M28). Soo-noqadkiisi waxa uu ka midnoqday Ciidamadii-cirka ee Soomaaliya kuwoodii ugu cad-cadaa xaga ciidamada Militeriga ee cirka wakhtigii dagaalkii u dhexeeyey [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Itoobiya]] 1977-kii. Muuse Biixi markale waxa uu aqoontiisa dhanka ciidanka cirka ku soo-qaatay waddanka Maraykanka kuliyadii Virginia Military Institute -(VMI) Kooras kooban oo-ahaa mudo hal-sano iyo badh. == SNM == Muuse Biixi intaasi waxi ka danbeyey waxa-uu-u xuubsiibtay dhankii kacdoonkii xaq u dirirka ee SNM. Xiligii uu qaatay go’aankii SNM waxa-uu ku guda jiray waxbarashadii u-markaa u joogay waddanka maraykaynka oo bil-keliyi uga hadhsantahay in uu dhameeyo soona afjaro.Muuse-Biixi intii uu maraykanka ku sugnaa waxa ay xidhiidh hoose lahaayeen Raximullah Maxamed Xaashi-Lixle oo ay balan hoose lahaayeen.Taarikhda Soomaalida waxa had iyo jeer marka geel la-kala qaado waxa ay ku tawaawacaan si geelaas loo-soo dhiciyo odhaahda,(Yaa-maali-jirayeey) oo ahayd ninkii maalijirayoow geelaagii la- dhacye soo-dhacso.Sida oo kale raggii Smn weedhii ay isu-adeegsan jireen marka ay damcaan ninka ay maalintiisa gaadho-in uu madax-madax isu-soo shubo-tuuro wax ay ku tiraabi jireen,Hebeloow waa maalintaadii ee soo-taloow.Hadaba waxa dhacay dagaalkii uu ku dhintay Raximullah Muj Maxamed Xaashi-lixle.Geeridii Muj Lixle markii ay dhacday sarakaashii SNM ee markaa joogay furinta waxa ay la-soo xidhiidheen Muj Muuse-Biixi oo ku sugan maraykanka kuna jira kooraskii wax-barasho ee uu halkaas u joogay.Ragga qaylo-dhaantaas Muuse Biixi usoo-daray waxa ka mid ahaa,Muj Aadan Shiine,Cabdi Qadir Koosar iyo Aadan Saleebaan Raximullah dhamaantood.Odhaahdii ay u adeegsadeen Muuse Biixi waxa ay hayd tii-ay isku guubaabin jireen Muusow waa maalintaaddii.Muuse-Biixi waxa uu ka soo duulay waddanka maraykan isaga oo u-soo-duulay waddanka Sucuudiga-arabiya Magaalada Jeddah.23-cisho markii uu ku sugnaa jiddah waxa soo-dhacday waraaq dacwad ah oo ay soo-dirtay safaaradii Soomaliya amarna ku siinayso dawlada Sucuudiga in ay qabtaan Muuse-Biixi oo ah sarkaal ka soo-baxsanaaya dawladiisii Soomaliya.Nasiib-wanaag Muuse-Biixi marka waxa uu sitaa-labba fiise(visa).Muuse-Biixi markii uu maqlay arrintaasi lagu raad-joogo qabashadiisa waxa uu markiiba isku dayey qaabkii iyo sifihii uu uga bixi-lahaa Sucuudi Aribiya.Markiiba meel dheer arrintaasi kamuu-deyin oo waxa uu-ahaa nin kasoo diyaar garoobay lana odhan karo waxa uu nin sii fahansan qaabka dawlad looga baxsan karo. Si dhibyaraan ah waxa uu Muusa-Biixi ugga-soo-dhoofay Fiisahii-visa-hii labbaad ee keydka u ahaa.Waxa uu ka soo-degay Waddanka Jabuuti.Arrintii waxa ay noqotay cirka dabka kaa raac ka dib markii uu-ugu yimi Jabuuti lafteeda oo ay ka taalo dacwad ay sii-dhigtay Dawladii Soomaaliya.Dacwadaasi waxa ay la xidhiidhsanayd tii-laga dhigay Sucuudi-arabiya.Muuse markiiba waxa loo-taxaabay jeelka Jabuuti oo ay isku helleeleen rag jaan-daarrankii ciidamada ahaa kuwaasi oo sii-jeed iyo soo-jeedba sawiro uga qaaday dacwadna uga qoray. Soomaalidu waxa ay tidhaahda laabbi-labba-ulla. Muuse-Biixi markii howshaasi lasoo-gudboonaatay arrinkiisi waxa uu noqday-hankaygoow kaama hadho kol-aan caddaab kugu galana. Markiiba Muuse waxa uu hoosta kala soo baxay warraaqo keyd u-ahaa oo-uu-lahaa abbihii-Xuseen.Biixi-waa-naannaystii Muuse Aabihii. Hadaba Xuseen Cabdi raximullah,waxa uu lahaa waraaqo jabuutiyaan ah kuwaaso-sharcigii jabuuti ah.Muuse laftiisu waxa uu lahaa kaadhka-aqoonsiga jinsiyada ee jabuuti.Intaas Muuse markii uu-isla helay waxa dhaq-dhaqaajiyey odayaashii meesha joogay oo ay kamid ahayeen-Guhaad oo markaa wasiir ka ahaa jabuuti,Ciise Gaboobe,Dhawaaye iyo rag kaleba.Raggaasi waxa ay u tageen,Madaxweynihii jabuuti ee xiligaas Xasan Guuleed.Waxa ay u sheegeen kana dhaadhiciyeen in Ninkan Kiiska loo-heystaa yahay nin reer jabuuti ah waa-Muuse’e.Xasan Guuleed waxa-uu markiiba gartay Xuusen-Cabdi(X-Biixi) oo ahaa Muuse Aabihii.Nasiib-wanaag Xasan Guuleed waxa uu ogalaaday in Muuse Xuseen Cabdi (M-Biixi) xoriyadiisa loo-soo celiyo farahana laga qaaddo si dhakhso ahna loo-siiyo sharcigiisa jabuutiyanka ah.Arritii Muuse-Biixi iyo niyadiisi yara doorsanayd Waxa ay noqotay niyad rajo fiican leh.Meel-aan rabbay roob ma iggu helay”,Waxa uu markiiba niyada gashaday in uu marka uu sharciga jabuuti u-soo baxo uu-raadiyo xal kale oo uu-ku-bixi karo.Muuse Xuseen Cabdi(M-Biixi), Xasan Guuleed iyo raggii kale ee odayaasha ahaa-ee galay arrinkii soo deyntii Muuse waxa ay wadda-galeen axdi ah in aannu muuse mar danbe faraha la gelin arrimaha jabhada SNM iyo badaheeda.Waxa ay ugu caqli celiyeen in uu-sharcigiisa jabuutina iska qaato waddankiisa jabuutina iska joogo. Laakin soomaalidu waxa ay ku maahmaahda (Nin ay meeli u-caday meeli-ka Madow) sida oo kalena Muuse waxa ka go’an mawqifka uu qaatay ee ahaa ku biiri-taanka jabhadii SNM.Muuse dharaaro yar ka dib waxa uu-u-duullay dalka Sucuudi-arabiya oo uu-ku galay billaa-visa/fiise maadama oo jabuuti iyo Sucuudigu billaa-fiise loogu kala baxo.Nin arrinni la-gudboontay waayahiisi waa-uu hawl badan yahay ee markii uu Muuse,Sucuudi-arabiya ka degay waxa la-ogaaday in hadana Muuse rabo inuu sii-taalaabo oo dacwadiisii ayaaba sii-balaadhatay.Muuse Xuseen Cabdi(M-Biixi) waxa uu ahaa nin dhegtu taagantahay oo meel looga dhawaaqayo marmarka qaarna waxaaba la-odhan karaa dareenkiisa askarinimo oo heegan ku jira daraadeed waxa-uu kaga il-horeynaayey ciidamada Sucuudiga.Muuse waxa uu ogaaday oo warkeeda helay in Ciidamadii Sucuudi-arabiya ku raad-joogaan.Muuse oo-aan weli ciidamada Sucuudigu gacanta ku dhigin waxa xaga jabuuti laga calaamadiyey 10-sharci-passports-kii oo uu ku jiro kii-Muuse oo-uu isaggu galaaftay in la-cancel-gareeyo dhamaanba sharciyadaas. Laakin xiliga la-calaamadiyey sharciyada,Muuse waxa uu ku suganyey Waddanka-Ethiopia oo Muuse markiiba waa-uu-ka soo duullay Dalka Sucuudiga maadama uu ka il-horeyey ogaana in lagu dabba-jiro.Muuse, Sucuudi-arabiya waxa uu-ka soo-raacay diyaaraddii (Ethiopian air-line) oo lafteeda bilaa-fiise lagu raaci jiray. Halka aan wax yar ka iftiimino ee xiligaas uu-Muuse gelaayey Waddanka Ethiopia wax niyad wanaag ah kamuu-qabin.Sababto oo ah xiligii dagaalkii-1977-kii Muse iyo Raggii lamidka ahaa waxa ay ahaayeen raggii diyaaradaha ku garaacay buurihii-Kaara-mardha iyo meelihii fadhiisanadii Ciidamada-ethiopia ee dhufayska ku soo-jiray.Muuse waxa uu-ahaa raggii wakhtigaasi aadka u gumaaday ciidamada-Ethiopia si-ba’anna ugu garaacay gantaalaha maadama uu ahaa qaybtii ciidamada cirka ee soomaliya.Arrinku marka uu halkaas-maraayo waa xasaasi oo Muuse iyo Ethiopia arxan badan uma-yaalo. Hadaba waxa aynu guda gelaynaa taariikhdii iyo wacdarahii uu la-kulmay Muuse markii uu ka degay diyaaradii Itoobiya. Muuse waxa ku qaabilay Bole-airport wafti Saraakiil-Ethiopian-ah oo-uu ku jiro nin sarkaal sare ka ah Ciidamadda-Itoobiya.Muuse markii uu arkay saraakiishaas waxa ay ahayd xiligii ugu naxdinta badnayd noloshiisa sababta oo ah waxa niyadiisa ku jirtay in qoorta loo-dheeraynaayo maadama oo Xiligaas itoobiya xoog-looga nebcaa ama godob loogu hayey.Muuse halkaas waxa ay isku weydaarsadeen raggii meesha ku sugaayey hadalo aanno-sheegasho kasoo yeedhayey ragga saraakiisha Ethiopian-ka ah. Hadaladaasi waxa ka mid ahaa oo ay yidhaahdeen raggaasi-Muusow ma ogtahay in aad tahay raggii maalintii u danbeysay aggaas iyo aggaas garaacay ee sida xun u gumaaday dadkii iyo ciidamadii.Waxa ay indhaha u saareen file-dheer oo ay kiisas-kaasi ku qoranyihiin.Muuse xiligaasi waxa ay naftu kaga gurmeysay naxdin daraadeed sara-joogga waayo waxa uu-aaminsanaa in aakhiro loolla-caraabinaayo ama allam-baqa lagu tuuraayo xabsi-daayim ah.Muuse markii danbe waxa lagu farxad geliyey in xiligan danbiyadaas oo dhan laga dhaafaayo lanna bilaabayo saaxiibtinimo cusub oo heer fiican leh maadama uu hada halgan waddanimo u diyaar yahay halkana u yimi Ethiopia si-uu dagaal ugala hortago dawladii uu markii hore difaacayey. Muuse raggii waxa ay ku qaadeen gaadhi iyaga oo suuqa addis-ababa kusoo wareejiyey ilaa ay ka geeyeen gurigii Saraakiisha-SNM-deganaayeen.Ragga halkaasi joogay waxa ka mid ahaa.Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud-Siilaanyo.Aadan-Shiine.Cabdiqaadir-Koosar.Muj-Gabax,Yuusuf-Kirix iyo Maxamed Cabdi-Macalin oo ay labadooda si-gaara isku Galaas/fasal ahaayeen wakhtigii wax-barashada.Kadib Muuse waxa amar lagu siiyey oo la-yidhi hore-ka gal halganka oo jiida hore ee ciidamada jabhada SNM-gal. Muuse waxa uu markiiba kasoo-laa-laabtay allaabtiisi Itoobiya oo waxa isku-soo-tuuray furintii hore ee dagaalka. Waxa uu kasoo-galay dhanka Hawdka aggaagaarkii Dibiile. Shirwac h.rashiid hussien La socoo ninka laga sheekaynayo waa muraayadda Qarankani ku socdo muj: muuse biixi Cabdi W/Q: Siciid Ahmed dahir Mineapolis USA......... 8535klgwjfju67pv4tjppqhpdx32wax 0 23612 306155 301071 2026-08-30T01:20:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Somali Clan}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Reer Maxamed<br> رير محمد <br> La famille de Mohammed | native_name = رير محمد | native_name_lang = ar | flag = [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Somalia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Qatar.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Kuwait.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Italy.svg|60px]] | ethnicity = Somali | clan = Samaroon | parent_tribe = Gadabuursi (Dir) | subclan = Maxamed Muuse Maxamed | descended = Maxamed Muuse Maxamed Samarroon Siciid Daa'uud |rels=[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|19px]] [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni<Sup>100%</sup>]])|related-c=[[Maxad case]], [[Bahabar Aadan]] , [[Habarcafaan]] , [[Makaahiil]] ,[[Jibriil Yoonis]] and other [[Gadabuursi]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->|languages=[[Somali]], [[Carabi]], [[Oromo]], [[France|French]], [[English]], [[Amharic]]|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region3={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region4={{flagcountry|Saudi_Arabia}}|region5={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region6={{flagcountry|United States}}|region7={{flagcountry|Somalia}}|region8={{flagcountry|Eritrea}}|region9={{flagcountry|Canada}}}} '''Reer Moh'd''' ([[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]]: '''Reer Maxamed''', [[Af-Carabi]]: رير محمد, [[Af-Faransiis]]:'''La famille de Mohammed''') waa jilib ka tirsan beelaha Samaroon ([[Gadabuursi]]), gaar ahaan faraca '''Maxamed Muuse Maxamed ee Siciid Daa'uud'''. Beeshu waxay inta badan degtaa gobolka [[Salal]]<ref>"Beeshu waxay inta badan degtaa gobolka [[Salal]]"</ref>, [[Awdal]], [[Hargeysa]] ee Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] iyo Jamhuuriyadda [[Djibouti]], sidoo kale waxay ku nool yihiin qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya iyo qurbaha. [[File:Calanka Beesha Reer Maxamed (RM7).png|thumb|300px|<Mark>Calanka Beesha Reer Maxamed (RM7)</Mark>]] == Qaybinta iyo Deegaannada == *Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay ka mid tahay beelaha hoostaga '''Habar Muuse''', waxaana ay ka tirsan tahay faraca Maxamedcase Makadoor Siciid Daa'uud ee Gadabuursi. Beeshu waxay ka kooban tahay toddoba jilib.Waan qabiilka ugu badan Beelaha maxamed case,Reer Maxamed waa dadka ilbax ahaan ugu horeeya dadka Soomaalida taasi waxa kuu cadaynaysa: Marka la jooga qurbaha ama dalka dibadiisa in xifiisyada iyo meelaha shaqooyinka muhiimka ahi ka socdaan dadka kaliya ee aad ku arkaysaa ay yihiin dad ka soo jeeda Beesha Reer Maxamed, markaas taasi waxa ay ku tusinaysaa inay yihiin dad leh xadaarad iyo ilbaxnimo soo jireen ah. *Reer maxamed waa dad lagu yaqaano geesinimo iyo raganimo sido kale waa dad xadaariyiina. *Beesha Reer Maxamed waa Beelaha hogaanka siyaasadeed maamul majaraha u haya dawladaha Soomaalida.Beesha Reer Maxamed ayaa ilaa wakhtigan saamayn wayn kuleh ama u taliya siyaasada dawladaha Geeska ama dawladaha Soomaalida. Siyaasiyiinta Reer Maxamed waa kuwa badiyaa Beelaha Gadabuursi ama Maxamed Case u matala kuraasta saami siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]], [[Somalia]] iyo [[Djibouti]]. <blockquote>Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay caan ku tahay nabada iyo horumarka. Tan iyo ilaa heshiisyadii lagu dhisay maamulka Soomaaliland ayay beeshu martigelin, taageero, dhexdhexaadin iyo tusaalayn ku wadan bulshada ku dhaqan deegaanadaasi. Waxaa intaas dheer oo [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|beesha Reer Maxamed]] lagu yaqaanaa horumarinta iyo dhiirigelinta waxbarashada, caafimaadka, aqoonta iyo cilmiga.</blockquote> '''Deegaannada ay beeshu degto waxaa ka mid ah:''' * Dooxada Dibirawayn * [[Degmada Baki]] * Abdulqaadir * Dooxada Biji * Tooraboore * Fardo-lagu-xidh * Budlalay * Agabar * [[Qabribayax|Qabri-bayax]] * Balcad * [[Janaale]] * [[Lughaya]] * Garbodadar * [[Bu'aale]] * Aw-dheegle * [[Lowyacado|Lawyacaddo]] * [[Baligubadle]] * Heemaal * [[Kismaayo]] * Fiqi Aadan * Sheekh Awaare * Damasha * [[Saylac]] * Jaldessa * Diri * Xooray * Carawayne * Afcas * Geed deeble * Xamarta * [[Hargeysa]] * Cali Xaydh * Bus * Caasha-cado * Buqdhada * Bacado * Jidhi * Buurta Siimoodi * Dur-Dur Cad * Cabdi Geedi * Sitti * [[Abaarso]] * [[Kalabaydh, Maroodi Jeex|Kalabaydh]] * Hadh-wanaag * [[Arabsiyo]] * [[Herer|Harar]] * [[Gabiley]] * [[Sanaag]] * Sambabka Cas * [[Jowhar]] * Fafan * [[Dilla]] * Magaalada Borama (Gobolka Awdal) * Qaybo ka mid ah Djibouti * Iyo Qurbaha == Dhaqaalaha == *Dhaqaalaha '''Beesha Reer Maxamed''' waa mid ku dhisan saddex tiir oo waaweyn: xoolo-dhaqasho, macdan, iyo beeraha. Beeshu waxay degtaa deegaano kala duwan, taas oo sahashay in ay yeeshaan dhaqaale ku tiirsan khayraadka dabiiciga ah iyo ganacsi isku xidhan. === Xoolo-dhaqasho === [[File:Somali camel.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Geelaha dhaqanka ah ee beesha reer Maxamed]] [[File:Somali Goats.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Adhiga dhaqanka ah ee beesha reer Maxamed]] Xoolo-dhaqashadu waa laf-dhabarta dhaqaalaha beesha. Geela, lo’da, iyo ariga ayaa bixiya caano, hilib, iyo dakhli ganacsi oo laga helo suuqyada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa gobolka. === Macdan === [[File:Beryl South Africa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Beryl — Macdanta Beryllium ee Buuraha Simoodi waa mid laga yaqaan deegaanada beeshu ku nooshahay.]] Deegaannada qaarkood ee ay beeshu degto, gaar ahaan Buuraha '''Siimoodi''', waxaa laga helaa dahab iyo macdano kale. Soo saarista macdantani waxay qayb ka qaadataa dakhliga iyo ganacsiga deegaanka iyo qoysaska qaarkood. === Beeraha === [[File:Somalia, Awdal region, Baki District.png|thumb|right|250px|Map-ka Baki, Awdal - Sawir Muujinaya deeganka baki.]] [[File:Baki awdal1.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Beeraha Xabxabka ee baki]] [[File:Watermelon_from_Senegal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Xabxabka la soo goostay]] Beeruhu waa tiir kale oo muhiim ah. '''Beesha reer maxamed''' waxay si gaar ah ugu xeel dheer yihiin beerista xabxabka iyo dalagyo kale. Wax soo saarka qaar waxaa loo suuq geeyaa gudaha dalka, halka qaar kalena loo dhoofiyo dalalka dariska ah sida [[Ethiopia]] iyo [[Djibouti]]. *Ganacsiga beesha kuma koobna wax-soo-saarka oo keliya, balse wuxuu isku xiraa miyiga, goobaha macdanta laga qodo, Goobaha wax-soo-saarka iyo suuqyada waaweyn, taas oo muujinaysa nidaam dhaqaale oo firfircoon. == Taariikhda == [[File:Zeila ruins.jpeg|thumb|middle|350px|Dhismayaal qadiimi ah oo ku yaal magaalada [[Saylac]], kuwaas oo ka mid ah guryihii dhagaxa ahaa ee taariikhiga ahaa ee magaalada ay ka dhistay [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Beesha reer maxamed]].]] <blockquote> Beesha reer maxamed waxay ka mid ahayd bulshooyinkii taariikhda dheer ku lahaa magaalo xeebeedka [[Saylac]] ee gobolka [[Awdal]]. Magaalada Saylac waxay qarniyo badan ahayd xarun ganacsi, diin iyo ilbaxnimo oo muhiim u ahayd Geeska Afrika.</blockquote><br><blockquote>Guryaha qadiimiga ah ee dhagaxa ka samaysan ee ku yaal magaalada ayaa ka mid ah astaamaha taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, waxaana la sheegaa in dhismayaashaasi ay la xiriireen farsamooyin hore oo lagu farsamayn jiray sonkorta iyo ganacsiga badeecooyinka kale.</blockquote> [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Ruins of the Muslim [[Adal Sultanate|Sultanate of Adal]] in Zeila, Somaliland]] Saylac waxay ahayd magaalo muhiim ah oo ku jirtay dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee Geeska Afrika sida [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii Ifat]] iyo [[Saldanadii Cadal]]. Labadan saldanadood waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen taariikhda gobolka, gaar ahaan xilligii dagaalladii u dhexeeyay dawladaha Islaamka iyo boqortooyadii Abyssinia. [[File:The Sultanate of Ifat.png|thumb|right|290px|Khariidad muujinaysa dhulkii ay ka talin jirtay [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii Ifat]].]] Saldanadii Ifat waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee hore uga jiray Geeska Afrika, waxayna maamuli jirtay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah xeebaha iyo dhulka gudaha. Magaalada Saylac waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dekedihii muhiimka ahaa ee dawladan. [[File:Adal sultanate during the conquest of habesh.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Khariidad muujinaysa dhulkii ay ka talin jirtay [[Saldanadii Cadal]].]] Kadib burburkii Ifat, [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ayaa noqotay dawlad awood badan oo maamuli jirtay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika. Xilligii [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Imaam Axmed Gurey]] (Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi)oo aha [[Gadabuursi|Beesha Gadabuursi]] gaar ahan beelaha Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ), Cadal waxay noqotay quwad militari oo xooggan oo dagaallo waaweyn la gashay boqortooyadii Itoobiya. [[File:City Gate, Harar Jugol (14464345823).jpg|City_Gate,_Harar_Jugol_(14464345823)|thumb|right|280px|Derbiyada magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Harar]].]] Magaalada [[Harar]] ayaa sidoo kale xiriir dhow la lahayd Saylac iyo dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee gobolka. Harar waxay ahayd xarun diimeed iyo mid siyaasadeed oo muhiim ah qarniyo badan. === Kaalinta Beesha Gadabuursi ee Halganka Madax-bannaanida Jabuuti === Beesha [[Gadabuursi]] (Samaroon) waxay door aasaasi ah ka qaadatay halgankii madax-bannaanida dalka Jabuuti. Iyadoo ka kooban saddexda garab ee waaweyn ('''Habar Cafaan, Makaahiil, iyo Mahad-Asse'''), beeshu waxay horseed ka ahayd dhaqdhaqaaqyadii ugu horreeyay ee siyaasadda iyo kuwii dambe ee hubaysnaa. === Geesiyaasha Beesha ee Halganka Horkacay === ==== 1. Hoggaanka Siyaasadda iyo Bilowgii Halganka ==== * '''Djama Ali Moussa (Mahad-Asse= Bahabar celi)''': Wuxuu ahaa ninkii u horreeyay ee Soomaali ah ee loo doorto madaxa Golaha Dowladda (President of the Government Council) ee French Somaliland (1946–1957). Wuxuu ahaa aasaasihii nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Jabuuti. * '''Sultan Mahamed Haji Dideh (Mahad-Asse=Bahabar celi)''': Ganacsade iyo oday dhaqameed dhisay kaabayaasha magaalada Jabuuti, dhisayna masaajidkii ugu horreeyay 1891,ahaana ninkii magaca '''French Somaliland''' (Côte Française des Somalis) u bixiyay dhulka Jabuuti, ninkaas waxa la sheegaa inuu ahaa halgamaagii weynaa ee jabuuti soo mara. Sidoo kale aha suldanki Saylac waqtigi British Somaliland horaantii qarnigii 20aad. * '''Haji Jibril Jilane Farah(Mahad-Asse=Rer Maxamed)''': Halgamaa weyn oo lagu yaqaanay aragtidiisa dheer iyo dhabar-adayga uu kala hor yimid gumeysiga Faransiiska, ahaana siyaasigii ugu muhiim sanaa ee Faransiisku ku dileen [[Jabuuti|Jabuuti.]] ==== 2. Aqoonyahannada iyo Garabka Hubaysan (FLCS) ==== * '''Dr. Omar Osman Rabeh (Makaahiil/Reer Yoonis)''': Aqoonyahan iyo mufakir weyn. Xabsigii uu ku jiray 1968–1975 wuxuu ahaa calaamad u ah iska caabinta Faransiiska. Isaga dartiis ayaa loo fuliyay afduubkii safiirka Faransiiska. * '''Mohamed Osman Huffaneh (Makaahiil)''': Mid ka mid ah saraakiishii ugu sarreeyay ee ururka [[Somali Coast Protectorate|FLCS]], ahaana ninkii horseeday hawlgalladii milatari ee gumeysiga lagu wiiqay. * '''Omar Sharidi Buuni (Habar Cafaan)''': Halgamaa caan ah oo ka mid ahaa dhallinyaradii ugu horreysay ee abaabusha kacdoonnada magaalooyinka, isagoo ka tirsanaa ururradii horyaalka u ahaa xornimada. * '''Mohamed Omar(Makaahiil: Bahabar Cabdale)(Halgamaa)''':Waxa uu ka mid ahaa dhalinyarti u soo dhabar adaygay cadaadiska gumeysiga ee lala beegsanayay halgamayaasha Jabuuti ==== 3. Haweenka Geesiyaasha ah ==== Dumarka Gadabuursi waxay ahaayeen kuwo si geesinnimo leh ugu dhex jiray mudaaharaadyada: * '''Dahabo Farah (Mahad-Asse=rer Mahamed)''': Waxay ahayd hoggaamiye bulsho oo caan ku ahayd abaabulka haweenka iyo dhiirigelinta dadka u taagan xornimada. * '''Xadiija (Khadra) Gadabuursi''': Waxay ka dhex muuqatay safafka hore ee kacdoonkii dadweynaha, iyadoo ka badbaaday xarigyo iyo cadaadis badan. <Mark>Iyo qaar kaloo badan oo la qariyey Taariikhdooda iyo halganka ay ka qaateen halganka madax-banaanida jabuuti.</Mark> === Kaalintii Ururka FLCS iyo Beesha Gadabuursi === <blockquote>Beesha Gadabuursi waxay saldhig weyn u ahayd ururkii [[Somali Coast Protectorate|Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast (FLCS)]]. Inta badan dhalinyarada beesha waxay ka soo galeen halganka dhinaca xuduudka Somaliland (Saylac iyo Lughaya), iyagoo gumeysiga ka soo weerari jiray dhinaca koonfureed ee Jabuuti. Taariikh ahaana, [[Beesha Maxamed Case|beelaha Maxamed Case]] oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]], kuwaas oo dega Saylac iyo deegaanka ku xeeran, waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen dhacdooyin badan oo taariikhi ah oo ka dhacay Geeska Afrika. Qaar ka mid ah dadka beelahan ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay halgankii lagu xoreynayay [[Jabuuti]] xilligii [[Faransiiska|gumaysiga Faransiiska]], iyagoo ka mid ahaa kooxihii ugu badnaa ee ka soo horjeeday maamulka gumaysiga ee Faransiiska ee ka jiray dalkaas qarnigii 20aad.</blockquote> === Cadaadiskii Gumeysiga (Tarxiilkii) === <blockquote>Taariikhdu waxay xustaa in sanadkii 1967, gumeysigii Faransiisku uu [[Jabuuti]] ka tarxiilay dad ka badan <mark>25,000 oo qof qaarkana la diley kuwaas oo u badnaa [[Gadabuursi|beesha Gadabuursi]],</Mark> si uu u dhimo codadka doonayay madax-bannaanida iyo midnimada Soomaali-Weyn.</blockquote> === Heesaa Reer Saylac === Qarnigii 19aad, sahamiyihii reer Austria ee '''Philipp Paulitschke''' ayaa xusay hees qadiimi ah oo ka timid magaalada Saylac. Sida uu sheegay, sanadkii 1886 sarkaal Ingiriis ah oo lagu magacaabi jiray '''J. S. King''' ayaa duubay hees loo yaqaan '''"To My Beloved"''' oo uu tiriyey nin ka tirsan [[Gadabuursi]] gaar ahaan beesha reer Maxamed kuna socotay gabadh ay isku beel ahaayeen. Heestaas ayaa noqotay mid aad looga yaqaan Saylac inkasta oo Soomaalida kale ay ku adkayd inay si buuxda u fahmaan. === Heesta "To My Beloved" === Heesta qadiimiga ah ee laga duubay magaalada Saylac waxaa loo qoray sidan marka loo rogo far Soomaali: <poem><blockquote>"Inád dor santahâj wahân kagarân difta ku gutalah. Jidkagi dalajsna sidî dagal madobája. Bukur dora dûk lamâ hadto ê darafmadan ghaili. Dukad jo tawâschi âd g'amahā dibugu la fijûtu? Darhaga harábka o dakhal sides mughda. Darafjid harako ádigo dalaka lainâjā Dugagadaha wahan kagadigî dûbi l'agêda. Dunjada turkugû nûdugûja dâr-taijadda búhada. Jilal dirbigga Sâhil bâdūbī sarênkīja. Dara'dînă wahio kugudi doha Hirwwâ. Duhbán kagalên nimika dagâ dabâ nugâlīda. Meschád kádaiji kamâ aid'in dûgsin l'abája. Jntán maraddu d'a'is kagadimân dûbō gūguschâda" </blockquote></poem> === Abu Bakr Pasha === Abu Bakr Pasha wuxuu ahaa guddoomiyihii Saylac sanadkii 1877, wuxuuna ka tirsanaa maamulka {{lang|so|Cusmaaniyiinta}} ee gobolka. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka soo jeeday [[Gadabuursi|qabiilka Gadabuursi]] gaar ahan beesha Maxad case( [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Reer Maxamed]]) ee deggan Saylac iyo hareeraheeda. [[File:Abubakr.jpg|thumb|middle|250px|Abu Bakr Pasha oo ka tirsan Reer Maxamed Habar Muuse, ahaana guddoomiyihii Saylac dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, gaar ahaan sanadkii 1877.]] Sawirka Abu Bakr Pasha waxaa sameeyay safar-baarayaal ka socday {{lang|it|Società Geografica Italiana}} intii u dhaxeysay 1877–1878, markii ay sahaminayeen dhulka {{lang|so|Ethiopia}} iyo Geeska Afrika. Saylac xilligaa waxay ahayd deked ganacsi oo muhiim ah, isku xirta gudaha Ethiopia iyo xeebaha Badda Cas. === Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh === '''Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh''' wuxuu ahaa sarkaal boolis (Sub-Inspector of Police) oo ka shaqayn jiray magaalada [[Zeila]] xilligii maamulka [[British Somaliland]] horraantii qarnigii 20aad. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii Soomaalida ee ka shaqayn jiray maamulka Ingiriiska ee xeebaha waqooyi ee Soomaalida. [[File:Burallehroble.jpg|thumb|280px|Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh oo ka tirsan beesha reer Maxamed ([[Maxad case|Maxamed case]]) ee beelweynta [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuurs]]<nowiki/>i, ahaana Sarkaal police ka hawl geli jiray Saylac, iyo General Gordon, Gudoomiyihi British Somaliland, Magaalada [[Saylac]] (1921).]] Buugga '''Sun, Sand and Somals''' (1921), oo uu qoray [[Major H. Rayne]], ayaa xusay Buralleh Robleh isaga oo ahaa sarkaal boolis oo muhiim ah oo ka hawlgeli jiray Zeila. Qoraagu wuxuu tilmaamay in Buralleh Robleh uu ka mid ahaa ragga deegaanka ee Ingiriisku ku tiirsanaa si ay u maamulaan amniga iyo nidaamka magaalada Saylac iyo deegaannada ku xeeran. Sannadkii 1921 ayaa sawir laga qaaday Buralleh Robleh isaga oo la socda guddoomiyihii [[British Somaliland]] '''General Gordon''' xilli uu booqasho ku joogay magaalada Zeila. Sawirkaas oo markii dambe lagu daabacay qoraallo iyo kayd taariikheed ayaa muujinaya kaalintii saraakiisha Soomaalida ee ka qayb qaadan jiray maamulka gumaysiga ee deegaanka. === Xiriirka Beesha Reer Maxamed === Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay qayb ka ahayd *hoggaanka bulshada iyo ganacsiga Saylac*, waxayna la xiriirtay '''beesha Habar Muuse (Abreyn)'''. Taariikh ahaan, xubno ka tirsan beeshan ayaa ka qayb qaatay: * Maamulka dekedaha Saylac * Ganacsiga xoolaha iyo badeecooyinka kale * Ilaalinta iyo difaaca bulshada deegaanka. === Ganacsiga Xeebaha === [[File:Zeila waterfront in 1877.jpg|thumb|Middle|350px|Sawirka Xeebaha dekeda Saylac,1877.]] <blockquote> Taariikh ahaan, beesha '''Reer Maxamed''' oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]] waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday xeebaha waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika, gaar ahaan magaalooyinka [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]], iyo gudaha dhulka [[Harar]]. Ganacsatada beeshan waxay qayb ka ahaayeen shabakaddii ganacsi ee isku xidhi jirtay xeebaha Badda Cas iyo suuqyada gudaha Itoobiya.</blockquote><br><blockquote> Ganacsatada Reer Maxamed waxay ka keeni jireen [[Harar]] iyo dhulka Oromada badeecooyin ay ka mid ahaayeen '''kafee''', '''saffron (baastar)''', '''faan-maroodi''', iyo '''baalal shimbiro''','''Dahab'''. Badeecooyinkan waxaa lagu soo dejin jiray suuqyada xeebaha sida [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]], halkaas oo markabyo ka iman jiray [[gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo xeebaha kale ee Badda Cas ay ka qaadi jireen.</blockquote> <blockquote>Dhanka kale, ganacsatadu waxay gudaha u qaadi jireen alaabo dibadda laga keenay sida '''zinc''', '''naxaasta''', '''maryo ballaadhan''', iyo '''badeecooyin kale oo warshadaysan'''. Ganacsigu wuxuu badanaa socon jiray xilliyo gaar ah oo sanadka ka mid ah, ganacsataduna waxay mararka qaar safarro badan ku tegi jireen dekedaha Carabta si ay u dhammeystiraan is-weydaarsiga ganacsiga.</blockquote> Ganacsigan ayaa ka dhigay [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] xarumo muhiim ah oo isku xidha ganacsiga badda iyo kan gudaha, iyadoo ganacsatada Reer Maxamed ay ka mid ahaayeen kooxihii ganacsi ee firfircoonaa ee ka shaqayn jiray isku xidhka suuqyada [[Harar]] iyo xeebaha Badda Cas. == Laamaha == * Reer Cabdille 🐐 * Axmed Cigaal 🐐 * Galaalweyn 🐫 * Gadhadhweyn 🐐 * Dhegood 🐐 * Reer Aadan 🐐 * Horkameer 🐐 == Hoggaanka Dhaqanka == Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay leedahay cuqaal iyo odayaal dhaqameed. Waxaa ka mid ah: * Suldaan Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdi Riiraash * Suldaan Xaaji Daahir Awcilmi * Caaqil Cali Bile Suldaan * Caaqil Faarax Geedi Cali * Caaqil Cabdi Axmed Dhidar * Caaqil Cumar Cali Faarax * Caaqil Mahdi Warsame Kaahin * Caaqil Faarax Ilka-case * Caaqil Maxamuud Sh.ismaaciil == Siyaasadda == Qaar ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta laga soo jeedo beesha waxaa ka mid ah: * Cali Xaamud Jibriil (Ex-Wasiir iyo Xildhibaan) * Axmed Xaaji Daahir Aw Cilmi * Ahmed Adan Ahmed Buuhane (Wasiirka Qorshaynta Somaliland) * Mudane Farxaan Axmed Habane (Xoghayaha Fulinta Dawladda Hoose Boorama) * Mukhtaar Cige Aamin Guuleed * Xuseen Caateeye Gaafane (Gudoomiyaha Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Sayniska ee Gobolka Awdal ) * Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud (Afwayne) * Caasha Koos (Xildhibaan Golaha Shacabka) * Maxamed Cabdi Gaafane * Farah Ismail Sidci (Guddoomiyaha Komishanka Doorashooyinka Gobolka Awdal) == Ganacsato == Qaar ka mid ah ganacsatada: * Xaaji Muumin Jaamac Samaale * Xaaji Daauud Cali Samaale * Mustafe Mohamed Daahir * Ahmed Cabdirahman Colahaye * Xuseen Kaahiye Khaliif == Aqoonyahanno == * Prof. Xuseen Cige Aamin Guuleed * Prof. Saleeban Cige Aamin Guuleed * Prof. Maxamed Kaahiye Khaliif * Nuur Aadan Shirdoon == Saraakiil Ciidan == * G/Sare Axmed Ciise Axmed * S/Guuto Yuusuf Aw Iimaan Diiriye * S/Guuto Axmed Ciise Ruush * G/Sare Mako Jaamac Xuseen * G/Dhexe Cali Uurdoox * G/Le Axmed Kaahin == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] * [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii ifat]] * [[Taariikhda Jabuuti]] * [[Gadabuursi]] == Tixraac == <references> <ref>https://alchetron.com/Sultan-Mahomed-Haji-Dideh</ref> <ref>https://wardheernews.com/first-footsteps-into-the-horn-sir-richard-burton-and-the-tribes-of-the-somali-frontier/</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-complete-history-of-zeila-zayla</ref> <ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/646653318/he-Trade-of-the-Gulf-of-Aden-Ports-of-Africa</ref> <ref>https://markjosephjochim.com/2017/09/12/french-somali-coast-81-1915/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-complete-history-of-harar-the-city</ref> <ref>https://sah.org/2015/02/11/harar-and-old-goa-architectural-hybridity-on-the-periphery/</ref> <ref>https://grokipedia.com/page/Abadir_Umar_ar-Rida</ref> <ref>https://www.academia.edu/50936381/The_Ethiopian_Adal_War_1529_1543</ref> <ref>https://panafrocore.com/2024/04/02/the-history-of-the-adal-sultanate-in-the-horn-of-africa/</ref> <ref>https://en.sewasew.com/p/gadabuursi-ethnography</ref> <ref>https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/gadabuursi.html</ref> <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314597073_Ifat_Sultanate_of</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-muslim-kingdom-in-the-ethiopian</ref> <ref>http://beeshadireed.blogspot.com/2012/04/reer-Maxamed-gadabursi-dir-clan.html</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Gadabuursi |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadabuursi |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Dir (clan) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir_(clan) |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> </references> 51qdb0mmvx0l0av8kh2krogm03r1tbq 0 32614 306170 248129 2026-08-30T05:50:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306170 wikitext text/x-wiki "International Avenue" waa aag ku dhexyaala xaafada "Forest lawn" gudaha magaalada [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], [[Kanada]]. waxaa la aasaasay [[1993]]. [[File:International_Avenue,_Calgary-aerial.JPG|right|thumb|248x248px| Muuqaalka hawada ee Wadada Caalamiga ah (17 Avenue SE)]] "International Avenmue" waxay martigelisaa dhowr meheradood oo qowmiyadeed Wadada Caalamiga ah. kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin; farmashiyeyaasha, dukaamada, dib u hagaajinta, timajarayaasha, iwm. Aagga waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay kala duwanaansho dhaqameed iyadoo ganacsiyada diiradda la saarayo [[filibiin]], i[[Itoobiya|toobiyaan]], [[Fiyetnam]], iyo dhaqamada kale ee [[Afrika|afrikaanka]] ah. waddada caalamiga ah sidoo kale waxay leedahay ganacsiyo aan dhaqan ahayn sidoo kale. == Xiriirinta dibedda == * [http://www.internationalavenue.ca/ Wadada Caalamiga ah BRZ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.internationalavenue.ca/ |date=20180815063805 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110530111204/http://www.shop17thave.com/ Dukaan 17aad Wadada Jidka] rf5az9qbiw875f2ulvono14kethc5tf 0 43343 306156 302974 2026-08-30T01:56:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | magac = Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar | magac_asalka = Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar | image =Professor Abdi Samatar.png | caption =Berfisoor Cabdi Samatar oo cashar ka bixinayay | birth_name = | birth_date = 1952 | birth_place = [[Gabiley]], [[British Somaliland]] (hada [[Soomaaliya]]) | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = aqoonyahan, qoraa, Barfisoor | citizenship = [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali]], [[Maraykanka|Amerikaan]] | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Wisconsin – La Crosse]]<br>[[Jaamacadda Gobolka Iowa]]<br>[[Jaamacadda California, Berkeley]] | subject = juqraafiga, dimuqraadiyadda, horumarinta | spouse = | relatives = [[Axmed Ismaaciil Samatar]] | awards = Abaalmarinta Adeegga Bulshada ee Wacan (2004)<br>Abaalmarinta Guusha Naqshadeynta (2000)<br>Abaalmarinta Waxbarashada Collegiate (1989-90) }} '''Abdi Ismail Samatar''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar ,[[Carabi]]: عبدي إسماعيل ساماتار ) (wuxuu dhashay 1950) waa aqoonyahan Soomaaliyeed , qoraa iyo borofisar cilmiga juqraafiga ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Samatar waxa uu ku dhashay Gabiley 1956kii . Waxa ay walaalo yihiin aqoonyahan iyo siyaasi Axmed Ismaaciil Samatar Waxbarashadiisa heer jaamacadeed, Samatar wuxuu AB ka qaatay Jaamacadda Wisconsin – La Crosse 1979. Kadib wuxuu MCRP ka qaatay Urban/Regional Planning Jaamacadda Iowa State University 1981. 1985, wuxuu PhD ka qaatay Jaamacadda California, Berkeley Samatar waa muslim . ==Xirfad== Intii u dhaxaysay dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii iyo horraantii 1990-aadkii, Samatar waxa uu bare ka ahaa Jaamacadda Iowa Ka dib waxa uu ku biiray kulliyadda Jaamacadda Minnesota , isaga oo u adeegay borofisar juquraafiga iyo guddoomiyaha waaxda juqraafiga ee machadka Waxa uu qoray buugaag dhowr ah oo ka hadlaya dimuqraadiyadda iyo horumarka Afrika Sannadkii 2000, shaqadiisa aan khayaaliga ahayn ee Mucjisada Afrikaanku waxay ahayd mucjisadii ugu dambaysay ee Herskovits Prize ee sannadka Gu'gii 2003, Samatar wuxuu ahaa Guddoomiyaha Guddiga Is-waafajinta Axdiga Soomaaliyeed: Dib-u-heshiisiinta Soomaaliyeed - Guddi Madax-bannaan 2013-2014, wuxuu sidoo kale soo noqday Guddoomiyaha Ururka Cilmi-baarista Afrika . Intaa waxa dheer, waxa uu si joogto ah marti ugu ahaa ama wax ku soo kordhiyey warbaahino caalami ah oo kala duwan, sida Voice of America , PBS , Aljazeera , BBC , Radio France International , Australian Broadcasting Corporation , TV Channel 5 iyo Somali TV Minneapolis 30-kii Janaayo waxaa loo magacaabay hoggaamiyaha guddiga doorashada si uu u ilaaliyo hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee la qabtay 8 February 2017 ==Abaalmarinada== Samatar waxa uu ku mutaystay abaal-marinno kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin. *Abaalmarinta Madaxweynaha ee Jaamacadda Minnesota ee Adeegga, 2018 *Abaalmarinta Ururka Ardayda Soomaaliyeed ee Jaamacadda Minnesota, 2017 *Abaalmarinta Adeegga Bulshada ee ugu Wanaagsan ee Jaamacadda Minnesota, 2004 *Dhammaystirka, Abaalmarinta Herskovits ee Ururka Cilmi-baarista Afrika ee Mucjisada Afrikaanka ah , 2000 *Abaalmarinta Aqoonyahanka Fulbright, 1993/4 iyo 1999 *Abaalmarinta Naqshadeynta Abaalmarinta iyada oo lagu aqoonsanayo wax ku biirinta la taaban karo ee goobta Qorsheynta Bulshada iyo Gobolka, Jaamacadda Gobolka Iowa , Oktoobar 20, 2000 *Shahaadada Aqoonsiga Waxbarashada Sare iyo Hoggaanka Iskaashiga Bulshada iyo Jaamacadda, Jaamacadda Minnesota, 1997 *Abaalmarinta Waxbarashada Collegiate, Jaamacadda Iowa, 1989-90 ==Xubinimada xirfadlayaasha==.Xirfadlayaasha Samatar waxaa ka mid ah: *Guddiga Tafatirka, Joornaalka Dib u eegista Juqraafiga Afrika *Guddiga Tifaftirka, Bildan: Somali Studies Journal *Xubin, guddiga maamulka ee Ururka Cilmi-baarista Afrika, 2002-2004 *Guddoomiyaha Ururka Cilmi-baarista Afrika, 2013-2014 *Xubin ka tirsan guddiga, MacArthur Compton Fellowships *Siyaasadda Waxbarashada Qalinjabinta ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20150416220629/http://www.xariiradnews.com/2012/08/maxaa-ka-taqaanaa-xubnaha-lagu-sheegay-qaswadayaasha-siyaasadda-soomaaliya-iyo-qabiilada-ay-kasoo-jeedaan/ "Maxaa ka Taqaanaa Xubnaha Lagu Sheegay Qaswadayaasha Siyaasadda Soomaaliya iyo Qabiilada ay kasoo jeedaan"] [http://www.crescent-online.net/2009/09/pervasive-racial-profiling-of-muslims-in-the-us-javed-zamir-1750-articles.html "Aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee baahsan ee Muslimiinta Maraykanka"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.crescent-online.net/2009/09/pervasive-racial-profiling-of-muslims-in-the-us-javed-zamir-1750-articles.html |date=20250605142031 }} http://www.geog.umn.edu/people/profile.php?UID=samat001 [https://www.radiodalsan.com/en/2017/01/30/9-prominent-figures-appointed-to-the-election-integrity-commission/ "9 qof oo caan ah oo loo magacaabay guddiga daacadnimada doorashada"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.radiodalsan.com/en/2017/01/30/9-prominent-figures-appointed-to-the-election-integrity-commission/ |date=20200227130647 }} bujg8x5ammvnolhrkgxcwxde9gj1909 0 43420 306179 297515 2026-08-30T09:29:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Saleem Sheikh | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|03|09}} | birth_place = [[Rawalpindi]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Bakistaan]] | image = | imagesize = | caption = Saleem Sheikh | occupation = Jilaa <br> Soo saare | years active = 1975–hada | spouse = Nosheen Saleem (1999–hada) | relatives = [[Jawed Sheikh]] (Walaal)<br />[[Behroze Sabzwari]] (brother-in-law)<br /> [[Shahzad Sheikh]] (nephew)<br />[[Momal Sheikh]] (niece)<br />[[Shehroz Sabzwari]] (abti) }} '''Saleem Sheikh''' ( Punjabi , Urdu : سلیم شیخ ) (sidoo kale loo higaadiyay Saleem Shaikh ) waa jilaa iyo soo saare Pakistani ah. ==Xirfad== ===1970-meeyadii: Jilaa caruur=== Wuxuu ka soo muuqday Shaashadda Shaashadda PTV halkaas oo uu ku soo bandhigay qaabkii walaalkii Jawed Sheekh ee ka yaraa . Ka dib waxa uu ka soo muuqday farshaxan caruur ah oo ku jira ciyaaraha carruurta ee PTV. ===1990-meeyadii: Guusha guud=== Wuxuu caan ku ahaa inuu GC Safeer ku matalo Riwaayadii Milatari ee Shoaib Mansoor ee Sunehray Din . Sheikh waxa uu filimkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay sameeyay 1992 isaga oo uu la wado Mohabbat Ke Saudagar . ===2010-meeyadii: Soo noqoshada iyo doorarka jilayaasha=== Xirfadiisu waxay aragtay dib u soo kabashada 2010 markii uu ku ciyaaray Abdul Hameed "Midu" ee Anokha Ladla iyo taxaneheeda sanadaha soo socda. ==Liiska Filimada la doortay== {{BLP unreferenced section|date= July 2022}} {| class="wikitable" |+Key |{{No|{{dagger}}}} |denotes film / drama that has not released yet |- | {{Yes|{{dagger}}}} | Denotes films / drama that are currently on cinema / on air |} ===Taxanaha telefishinka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka !Producer ! scope="col" |Shabakada ! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Xusuusin |- |1976 !scope="row"|''[[Shama (TV series)|Shama]]'' |Mansoor | | rowspan="27" |[[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] | |- |1986 !scope="row"|''[[Dastak (TV series)|Dastak]]'' |Salman | | |- |1990 !scope="row"|''[[Parosi]]'' |Arsal | | |- |1991 !scope="row"|''[[Sunehray Din]]'' |Safeer | |<ref>{{Cite web|title =Timeless classics that pay tribute to Pakistan's armed forces|url =https://tribune.com.pk/story/951661/timeless-classics-that-paid-tribute-to-pakistans-armed-forces?|date=6 September 2015|work=Tribune}}</ref> |- |- |1993 !scope="row"|''Zakham'' |Anees | | |- |1994 !scope="row"|''Khoobsurat Jahan'' |Nasir | | |- |1995 !scope="row"|''Dukh Sukh'' |Sarmad | | |- | rowspan="4" |1998 !scope="row"|''Kallo'' |Sajid | | |- !scope="row"|''[[Rahain]]'' |Khalid | | |- !scope="row"|''Paranda'' |Yasir | | |- !scope="row"|''Cast Walk'' |Farhan | | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 !scope="row"|''Chandpur Ka Chandoo'' |Ahsan | | |- !scope="row"|''Ghareeb-e-Shehar'' |Saleem Ullah | | |- | rowspan="4" |2000 !scope="row"|''Qafs'' |Police officer | | |- !scope="row"|''Jeevan'' |Zafar | | |- !scope="row"|''Kaanch Kay Par'' |Rohail | | |- !scope="row"|''Dopatta'' |Kashif | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2001 !scope="row"|''Kajal Ghar'' |Shaukat | | |- !scope="row"|''Armaan'' |Aadil | | |- | 2002 !scope="row"|''Dunya Dari'' |Rahat | | |- | rowspan="2" |2003 !scope="row"|''Pankh'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Karwat'' |Jamal | | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 !scope="row"|''Khamosh'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Neela Aasman'' |Kamal | | |- !scope="row"|''Sirf Tumhare Liye'' | | | |- |rowspan="3"|2005 !scope="row"|''Dil Se Dil Tak'' |Danish | | |- !scope="row"|''Sath Nibhana Hai'' |Shah Mir | | |- !scope="row"|''Kaanch Ki Guria'' |Fahad | | | |- |2006 !scope="row"|''[[Makan (TV series)|Makan]]'' |Jaffer | |[[Geo Entertainment]] | |- |rowspan="5"|2007 !scope="row"|''Ye Rah Mushkil Nahi'' | | | rowspan="8" |[[PTV Home]] | |- !scope="row"|''Dil Mera Mera Nahi'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Pyar Main'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Paglay Yahin Ke'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Ghar'' |Talib | | |- |2008 !scope="row"|''Khawahishon Kay Jugnoo'' | | | |- |2010 !scope="row"|''Dil Behkay Ga'' |Ameer | |- |2011 !scope="row"|''[[Anokha Ladla]] (Season 1)'' |Abdul Hameed "Midu" |{{Ya}} | |- |rowspan="2"|2012 !scope="row"|''[[Bilqees Kaur]]'' |Farooq | |[[Hum TV]] |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://minutemirror.com.pk/saleem-sheikh-to-make-his-comeback-with-film-thori-life-thori-zindagi-29144/|title=Saleem Sheikh to make his comeback with film 'Thori Life Thori Zindagi'|date=22 February 2022|access-date=23 August 2022|work=Minute Mirror|archive-date=23 Bisha Sideedaad 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823043529/https://minutemirror.com.pk/saleem-sheikh-to-make-his-comeback-with-film-thori-life-thori-zindagi-29144/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Anokha Ladla]] (Season 2)'' | rowspan="2" |Abdul Hameed "Midu" |{{Ya}} | rowspan="2" |[[PTV Home]] | |- |2013 !scope="row"|''[[Anokha Ladla]] (Season 3)'' !{{Ya}} | |- |2014 !scope="row"|''Apni Kahani Kese Kahain'' | !{{Ya}} |[[Express Entertainment]] | |- | rowspan="2" |2015 ! scope="row" |''[[Maan (Pakistani TV series)|Maan]]'' |Nadeem | | rowspan="2" |[[Hum TV]] | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Tere Baghair]]'' |Nisar | | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 ! scope="row" |''[[Babul Ka Angna (TV series)|Babul Ka Angna]]'' | | |[[Geo Entertainment]] | |- ! scope="row" |''Nautanki Family'' | | |[[PTV Home]] | |- !scope="row"|''Pashemaan'' | |{{Ya}} |[[Express Entertainment]] | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Laaj (TV series)|Laaj]]'' |Dilawar | | rowspan="3" |[[Hum TV]] | |- | rowspan="4" |2017 ! scope="row" |''[[Adhi Gawahi]]'' |Faizan | | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila]]'' |Sikander | | |- ! scope="row" |''Rani'' |Nadir Shah | |[[Geo Entertainment]] | |- !scope="row"|''No Time For Pyar Vyar'' |Ashar | | rowspan="2" |[[PTV Home]] | |- | rowspan="3" |2018 ! scope="row" |''Jugnu'' |Jugnu !{{Ya}} | |- ! scope="row" |''Aapko Kya Takleef Hai'' |Nasir | |[[BOL Entertainment|Bol]] | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Hoor Pari]]'' |Najeeb | |[[A-Plus TV]] | |- |2020 ! scope="row" |''Baarish Main Aag'' |Sardar Shahzad | |LTN Family | |- |2022 ! scope="row" |''[[Wabaal]]'' |Shakir | | rowspan="3" |[[Hum TV]] | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 ! scope="row" |''[[Fairy Tale (Pakistani TV series)|Fairy Tale]]'' | rowspan="2" |Pasha Sahib | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/hum-tvs-upcoming-drama-wabaal-introduces-fresh-on-screen-pairing/|title=Hum TV's upcoming drama Wabaal introduces fresh on-screen pairing|date=12 August 2022|work=Something Haute|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=5 Bisha Sideedaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805224638/https://somethinghaute.com/hum-tvs-upcoming-drama-wabaal-introduces-fresh-on-screen-pairing/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Fairy Tale (Pakistani TV series)|Fairy Tale 2]]'' | | |} ===Filimada=== *Mohabat Ke Saudagar (1992) *Duniya Dus Numberi (1993) *Qasam (1993) *Chief Sahib (1996) *Sangam (1997) *Haa Boss (1997) *Kaheen Pyar Na Hojaye (1998) *Dil Sanbhala Na Jaye (1998) *Sheekada Jacaylka Aik Aur (1999) *Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa (2002) *Khulay Aasman Ke Neechay (2008) ==Abaalmarinada== *Abaalmarinta Bolan ee jilaaga ugu wanagsan ee Chief Sahb 1996 *Abaalmarinta Nigar ee jilaaga taageerada ugu fican ee Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa 2002 *Abaalmarinta PTV ee jilaagii ugu taageerada badnaa ee (Dil Behkay Ga) 2012 {|class="wikitable style" ! Xaflada ! Qaybta ! Mashruuca ! Natiijada |- | [[2nd Lux Style Awards]] | Best Film Actor | '''''[[Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa]]''''' | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"|[[10th Lux Style Awards]] | Best TV Play (Terrestrial) | rowspan="3"|'''''[[Anokha Ladla]]''''' | {{won}} |- | Best TV Actor (Terrestrial) | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[12th Lux Style Awards]] | Best TV Actor (Terrestrial) |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== bvlehwrdaq7y5g6yqs50o4knybbas2v 0 44961 306161 301223 2026-08-30T04:11:49Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = FAVE | image = Fave szn.jpg | caption = Fave sanadkii 2024 | birth_name = Chidozie Godsfavour Ugochinyere | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2000|3|13}} | birth_place = [[Anambra State]], Nigeria | genre = {{hlist|Afrobeats|dancehall|[[afro pop]]|R&B}} | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter}} | years_active = 2019–hadda | label = Tumblar }} '''Chidozie Godsfavour Ugochinyere''' (dhashay 13 March 2000), oo xirfad ahaan loo yaqaan Fave , waa heesaa-heeseed reer Nigeria ah iyo farshaxan duubis ah. Waxay heshay aqoonsi ka dib markii ay ku sii daysay dhowr fiidiyow oo daqiiqado ah barta Twitterka intii lagu jiray xiritaanka COVID-19 . 2022, waxay ku guulaysatay Rookie of the Year ee The Headies 2022 waxaana loo magacaabay fanaaniinta ugu rajo wanaagsan iyo fanaaniinta ugu wanagsan ee African Reggae, Dancehall ee Abaalmarinta Muusika Afrika oo dhan . Waxaa intaa dheer, waxaa loo magacaabay Farshaxan cusub ee ugu Wanaagsan 2022 Soundcity MVP Awards Festival ==Sooyaalka iyo shaqada== Iyadoo ilmo dhexe ah iyo inanta keliya ee qoyska Chidozie, qoys ka kooban 5 kuwaas oo degganaa bariga iyo koonfur-galbeed ee Nigeria labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, Fave waxay safarkeeda muusikada ka bilowday kaniisadda iyada oo lix jir ah. Wax yar ka hor inta aysan u kicin xiddignimada sanadka 2020, Fave (oo laga soo minguuriyay Favour) waxay ahayd 19-jir heesaa-heesad-heeseed ah oo ku raad-joogta shahaado sharci oo keliya hal MOMMS ah oo u taagan aniga ama Maaskaro dembiyadayda. Hadda waxay barataa sharciga waxayna ku jirtaa sannadkii ugu dambeeyay jaamacadda Obafemi Awolowo ee Ile-Ife, Gobolka Osun, Nigeria. In kasta oo shaqadeeda lagu arkay noocyadeeda kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin qoob ka ciyaarka, Afro pop, Afro beats, Dane, R & B, Fave waxay inta badan isu haysataa inay tahay gabadh "pop" ah. Habkeeda gabay ee qoraalku waxa ay mudnaan siisaa baylahnimada oo ay weheliso qorsheyaal muuqda oo gudbinaya shucuur kala duwan oo inta badan ku dul duldhacsan garaaca-dhicisyada ama horusocodka durbaanka heersare ah. ==Tixraac== [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/fave-wins-rookie-of-the-year-at-the-2022-headies-awards/lsgvkv5 "FAVE waxay ku guulaysataa Rookie of the Year 2022 Headies Awards"] [https://basenaija.com/fave-szn-biography-age-career-songs-state-and-net-worth/ "Fave SZN Taariikh nololeedka, Da'da, Xirfadda, Heesaha, Gobolka iyo Qiimaha saafiga ah"] {{Wayback|url=https://basenaija.com/fave-szn-biography-age-career-songs-state-and-net-worth/ |date=20230311100902 }} [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/fave-and-talented-producer-damie-get-plaques-for-baby-riddim/sybnt03 "Dareenka heesaha Fave & soo saare hibada leh Damie waxay helayaan boodhadh loogu talagalay heestooda sare-u-qaadka ah ee 'Baby Riddim'] {{Wayback|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/fave-and-talented-producer-damie-get-plaques-for-baby-riddim/sybnt03 |date=20230311100900 }} gviyhw5xml8i05vk6kg05e2lbknny96 0 45146 306184 290673 2026-08-30T10:48:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Victony | image = File:Victony.jpg | caption = | other_names = {{hlist|<!-- Do not add unsourced aliases -->}} | birth_name = Anthony Ebuka Victor | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2001|01|5}} | birth_place = [[Ojo, Lagos]], Nigeria | citizenship = [[Nigerian]] | occupation = {{flatlist| * Fanaan * qoraa heesaha * raabka heesaha }} | years_active = 2017 – hadda | notable_works = [[Outlaw (EP)|Outlaw]] | awards = | website = {{URL|https://www.outlawville.world}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist | origin = [[Orsu]] [[Imo State|Imo]] [[Nigeria]] | embed = yes | instruments = {{flatlist| * Codad * Kiiboodhka }} | genre = {{flatlist| {{hlist|[[Afrobeats]]||[[Hip hop music|hip hop]]|[[afropop]]|[[R&B]]}} }} | label = {{hlist|Victoria waa madax-bannaan}} | }} }} '''Anthony Ebuka Victor''' (wuxuu dhashay 5 Janaayo 2001), oo loo yaqaan xirfad ahaan Victony , waa heesaa reer Nigeria ah, heesaa iyo rapper. Waxa uu ku dhashay Ojo, Lagos , waxa uu ka soo jeedaa degaanka Orsu ee gobolka Imo Waxaa saameeyay markii uu soo korayay fanaaniinta sida Davido , Wizkid , Mi , iyo Falz . Victory wuxuu bilaabay safarkiisa muusiga 2016 isagoo ah rapper ku saabsan sanqadha dhawaaqa, sii daaya qaababka xorta ah iyo isku dhafka. Wuxuu soo saaray albam istuudiyaha ugu horreeya ee Saturn, Agoosto 2020. Wuxuu sii daayay halkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay ee cinwaankiisu ahaa Ina Benz, kaasoo ahaa muuqaalkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee warshadaha muusiga. ==Nolosha hore iyo shaqada== Guusha ayaa markii ugu horreysay timid goobta markii uu ka ganacsanayay aayadaha rap-ka ee Ladipoe ee taxanaheedii Axadda soo noolaynta. Wuxuu sameeyay kulankiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay isagoo wata cajalad isku dhafan oo ku taal SoundCloud oo cinwaan looga dhigay King Outlaw , sababta oo weli loogu yaqaan "King Outlaw". Cajaladda isku dhafka ah waxaa raacay daboollada rikoodhada caalamiga ah sida " Bodak Yellow " ee Cardi B , Light Moon " ee XXXTentacion iyo "On the Low" ee Burna Boy Guushu waxay ku bilaabatay raabka laakiin markii dambe way badashay oo waxay bilowday inay sii deyso R&B, muusiga dabinka, iyo diiwaanada Afropop 2021 waxa uu ku bilaabay rikoodhkiisii ​​"Duco" oo soo jiidasho leh, heesta la sii daayay ka dib markii uu shil baabuur galay. Waxa uu helay fasaxiisii ​​ugu weynaa Oktoobar 2021 markii uu kula midoobay Mayorkun heesta "Aabaha Quduuska ah Heestu waxa ay lambarka koowaad ka ahayd Apple Music Nigeria oo waxa ay ugu sarreysay lambarka 3 ee jaantusyada Billboard Top Triller Global bishii Diseembar 2021 Waxa uu markii dambe la kaashaday soo saaraha abaalmarinta Grammy Award Rexxie ee EP la yiraahdo Nataraja ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20220103230455/https://rosbena.com/biography/musician/victony/ "Taariikh nololeedka Victory, Mihnadda, Heesaha, Qiimaha saafiga ah"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221002121010/https://naijabiography.com/biography/victony-biography/ "Taariikh nololeedka Guusha | Xirfadda | Waxbarasho | Curyaan | Naijabiography"] [https://tsbnews.com/2021/12/victony-biography-age-career-songs-surgery-and-net-worth/ "Taariikh nololeedka Victory - Da'da, Xirfadda, Heesaha, Qalliinka iyo Qiimaha saafiga ah"] {{Wayback|url=https://tsbnews.com/2021/12/victony-biography-age-career-songs-surgery-and-net-worth/ |date=20220426170411 }} [https://thenativemag.com/turntable-top-50-mayorkun-vict0nys-holy-father/ "Rontable Top 50: Mayorkun & Vict0ny's "Aabbaha Quduuska ah" wuxuu u kacayaa lambarka 2 toddobaadkan"] 93ywnuv5yqssfns2k8jiqiyqfpmzonf 0 46783 306174 293932 2026-08-30T07:46:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Michimasa Fujino | native_name = 藤野道格 | image = | caption = | alt = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1960|03}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo, Japan]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Tokyo]] Injineernimada Hawada, 1984 | years active = 1984–2022 | occupation = Naqshadeeye diyaaradeed, ganacsade dhanka duulista ah | known_for = Aasaasaha [[Honda Aircraft]], [[HondaJet]] | notable_works = ''Case Study 4 HondaJet'',<ref name="hondajet.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hondajet.com/Content/pdf/tech_papers/NC_vol%202_CS4_HondaJet_Kym15May.pdf|title = HondaJet | Bogga Rasmiga ah ee Diyaaradaha Honda Corporate Jet}}</ref> ''Design and Development of the HondaJet'' <ref name="hondajet.com1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hondajet.com/Content/pdf/tech_papers/Journal_of_Aircraft_Vol42_No3_P755_P764_HondaJet.pdf|title = HondaJet | Bogga Rasmiga ah ee Diyaaradaha Honda Corporate Jet}}</ref> }} ​{{nihongo|'''Michimasa Fujino'''|藤野 道格|Fujino Michimasa|}} waa injineer hawada (aeronautical) oo hawlgab ah, ganacsade, iyo aasaasaha shirkadda [[Honda Aircraft Company]], oo ah farac ka tirsan shirkadda [[Honda Motor Company]]. Fujino wuxuu ka soo shaqeeyay madaxa injineerada gudaha Honda R&D, ka dibna madaxweyne ku xigeen, ka hor inta aan loo magacaabin hoggaamiyaha mashruuca horumarinta HondaJet. Sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa sarkaalka maamulka ee Honda Motor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://global.honda/newsroom/news/2020/c200218aeng.html |title=Honda oo Isbeddel ku Samaynaysa Qaab-dhismeedka Maamulka Shirkadda |author=|date=Febraayo 18, 2020 |website=Honda Motor |access-date=Oktoobar 16, 2020}}</ref> Shirkadda Honda Aircraft, wuxuu door muhiim ah ka qaatay koritaanka shirkadda, isagoo mas'uul ka ahaa istiraatiijiyadda guud ee naqshadeynta, horumarinta, shahaado-siinta, suuq-geynta, iibka, iyo wax-soo-saarka diyaaradda [[HondaJet]]. ​Shaqadiisa Honda Aircraft, Fujino wuxuu helay Abaalmarinta Naqshadeynta Diyaaradaha ee [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]] (AIAA) (2012), Abaalmarinta [[SAE International]], Abaalmarinta Clarence L. [[Kelly Johnson (engineer)|Kelly Johnson]] ee Naqshadeynta Hawada iyo Baabuurta (2014), iyo Abaalmarinta Golaha Caalamiga ah ee Cilmiga Hawada (ICAS) ee Hal-abuurka Duulista. Isagu waa naqshadeeyaha diyaaradeed ee ugu horreeyay ee hela dhammaan afartaas abaalmarin, sidoo kale waa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Aasiya oo ku guuleysta abaalmarinta AIAA, taas oo ka dhigaysa shakhsi caan ah duulista casriga ah iyo warshadaha diyaaradaha yaryar (very light jet).<ref name="hondajet.com2">{{cite web|url=https://www.hondajet.com/news/article?articleType=pressrelease&categoryType=ccc8c968-9e51-44d5-83d4-f79ee3f47b7f|title="Abaalmarinta Hal-abuurka Duulista" oo la siiyay Madaxweynaha Shirkadda Honda Aircraft Michimasa Fujino |website=www.hondajet.com|accessdate=17 Agoosto 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite interview |last=Fujino |first=Michimasa |subject-link=Michimasa Fujino |interviewer=Kaori Enjoji |title=Eeg tan: Diyaaradda cusub ee Honda |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2014/04/27/check-it-out-hondas-new-jet-.html |publisher=CNBC |location=Greensboro, NC |date=Abriil 27, 2014 |work=The Edge |time=05:40 |access-date=Oktoobar 15, 2020}}</ref> ​Fujino waxaa loo doortay xubin ka tirsan [[National Academy of Engineering]] sannadkii 2017 sababtoo ah abuurista HondaJet iyo dhisidda shirkadda Honda Aircraft Company. Sannadkii 2022, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu ka fariisanayo xilka madaxweynaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee shirkadda bishii Abriil, xilkaas oo uu hayay tan iyo markii la aasaasay 2006, isagoo sii ahaan doona la-taliye hawlgabnimadiisa ka dib. ​ ==Taariikhda== ===Waxbarashada=== Fujino wuxuu haystaa shahaadada koowaad ee sayniska ([[Bachelor of Science]]) iyo shahaadada sare ee [[Doctorate]] oo ku saabsan [[injineernimada hawada]] oo uu ka qaatay [[Jaamacadda Tokyo]].<ref name="hondajet.com3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hondajet.com/Content/pdf/tech_papers/NC_vol%202_CS4_HondaJet_Kym15May.pdf|title=HondaJet | Bogga Rasmiga ah ee Diyaaradaha Honda Corporate Jet}}</ref> Sidoo kale hadda waa xubin (fellow) dhowr urur oo caalami ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiaa.org/docs/default-source/uploadedfiles/publications/aerospace-america-february-2015.pdf |title= AIAA waxay ku dhawaaqday Fellows iyo Honorary Fellows — Class of 2015 |accessdate= Luulyo 10, 2019 |year= 2015 |work= AEROSPACE AMERICA |publisher= American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |page= B9 }}</ref> [[Royal Aeronautical Society]],<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.aerosociety.com/media/5257/aerospace-magazine-april-2017-issue.pdf |title= Doorashooyinka - Fellows |accessdate= Luulyo 10, 2019 |year= 2017 |work= AEROSPACE |publisher= Royal Aeronautical Society |page= 60 }}</ref> iyo [[SAE International]].<ref> {{Cite web |url= http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sae/18UPD06/index.php |title= Heerka cusub ee SAE Fellow oo la sharfay |accessdate= Luulyo 10, 2019 |year= 2018 |format= PDF |work= UPDATE |publisher= SAE International |page= 8 }}</ref> Fujino sidoo kale waa xubin caalami ah oo ka tirsan [[National Academy of Engineering]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.nae.edu/165683/Dr-Michimasa-Fujino |title= Dr. Michimasa Fujino |accessdate= Luulyo 10, 2019 |publisher= National Academy of Engineering}}</ref> ==Shaqada== ===1984–1997=== Fujino wuxuu ku biiray [[Honda Motor]] sannadkii 1984.<ref name="hondajet.com3"/> Labadii sano ee ugu horreysay shaqadiisa wuxuu ku qaatay qaybta cilmi-baarista baabuurta isagoo ka shaqeynayay horumarinta nidaam cusub oo koronto ku shaqeeya oo lagu xukumo jihada (steering system). Fujino waxaa markaas loo wareejiyay qaybta cilmi-baarista duulista ee Honda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airportjournals.com/hondajet-on-a-wing-and-a-dare/|title=HondaJet: Baal iyo Dhiirranaan|date=1 Febraayo 2007|website=airportjournals.com|accessdate=17 Agoosto 2017}}</ref> ​Sannadkii 1986, Fujino iyo kooxda duulista ee Honda waxaa loo diray Mareykanka si ay cilmi-baaris sare oo dhanka hawada ah ula sameeyaan xarunta Raspet Flight Research Center ee [[Jaamacadda Mississippi State]]. Kooxdu waxay soo saartay laba diyaaradood oo tijaabo ah, MH-01 turboprop iyo [[Honda MH02|MH-02]] oo ah diyaarad jet yar oo laba matoor leh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2015/05/06/how-the-hondajet-took-flight-an-engineers-30-year-obsession/4/#6b581d786633|title=Sida HondaJet ay u Duushay: Injineer muddo 29 sano ah ku taamayay|first=Joann|last=Muller|website=forbes.com|accessdate=17 Agoosto 2017}}</ref> Iyadoo laga duulayo khibraddaas, sannadkii 1997-kii Fujino wuxuu bilaabay shaqada diyaarad gebi ahaanba cusub, taas oo noqon lahayd [[HondaJet]].<ref name="hondajet.com"/> ​===1997–2015=== Ka dib markii uu toban sano ku qaatay Mareykanka, Fujino wuxuu rumeysnaa inay jirto fursad weyn oo ay Honda ku geli karto warshadaha duulista iyadoo bixineysa diyaarad jet yar oo waxqabadkeedu sarreeyo. Si gaar ah, wuxuu u maleeyay haddii Honda ay soo bandhigto diyaarad leh isticmaalka shidaalka oo aad u hooseeya iyo xawaare sarreeya oo aan luminaynin booska gudaha iyo booska boorsooyinka, inay geli karaan suuqa diyaaradaha ganacsiga ([[business jet]]).<ref name="hondajet.com"/> Fujino wuxuu hadafkan ka gaaray dhanka farsamada isagoo horumariyay qaabka matoorka baalka korkiisa la saaro (over-wing engine configuration), kaas oo oggolaaday qol gudihiisu weyn yahay oo aamusan iyadoo matooradii laga fogeeyay gadaasha diyaaradda lana saaray baalka korkiisa.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fujino, Michimasa |author-link=Michimasa Fujino |url=http://www.hondajet.com/Content/pdf/tech_papers/Journal_of_Aircraft_Vol42_No3_P755_P764_HondaJet.pdf |title=Naqshadeynta iyo Horumarinta HondaJet |journal=[[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics#Journals|Journal of Aircraft]]|volume=42 |issue=3 |date=May–Juun 2005 |pages=755–764 |access-date=Oktoobar 15, 2020}}</ref> Naqshadiisa cusub waxay sidoo kale lahayd tiro hal-abuurro kale ah oo loogu talagalay diyaaradaha duulista guud, oo ay ku jiraan baal leh qulqul dabiici ah (natural-laminar flow wing), jir ka samaysan maaddooyin laysku daray (all-composite fuselage), iyo qolka duuliyaha oo casri ah (glass cockpit).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Fujino, Michimasa |author2=Yuichi Yoshizaki |author3=Yuichi Kawamura |url=https://www.hondajet.com/Content/pdf/tech_papers/Journal_of_Aircraft_Vol40_No4_P609_P615_SHM_1_NLF.pdf |title=Horumarinta Baalka Natural-Laminar-Flow ee Diyaaradaha Ganacsiga ee Fudud |journal=[[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics#Journals|Journal of Aircraft]] |volume=40| issue=4| date=Luulyo–Agoosto 2003 |pages=609–615 |access-date=Oktoobar 15, 2020}}</ref> ​[[File:HondaJet Ryabtsev.jpg|thumb|[[Honda HA-420 HondaJet|Honda HA-420]] diyaaradda ganacsiga ee fudud]] Sannadkii 2000, Fujino iyo koox yar oo injineero ah ayaa bilaabay shaqada nooca tijaabada ah ee HondaJet (prototype) ee garoonka [[Piedmont International Airport]] ee [[Greensboro, North Carolina]]. Diseembar 3, 2003, HondaJet-tii tijaabada ahayd waxay samaysay duullimaadkii ugu horreeyay ee guuleysta. Sannadkii 2006, Fujino wuxuu ku qanciyay madaxii markaas ee Honda Takeo Fukui in barnaamijka HondaJet loo beddelo ganacsi.<ref name="hondajet.com3"/> Honda waxay samaysay shirkadda Honda Aircraft Company, iyadoo Fujino loo magacaabay madaxweynaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee shirkadda. Intii u dhaxaysay 2006 iyo 2015, Fujino wuxuu xoogga saaray hawlaha labada ah ee dhisidda shirkad iyo diyaarinta diyaaradda tijaabada ah si ay u hesho shahaadada FAA. Keenista HondaJet waxay si rasmi ah u bilaabatay dabayaaqadii 2015 ka dib markii la helay shahaadada FAA. ​ ===2015–hadda=== Fujino wuxuu helay dhowr abaalmarinood oo ku saabsan waxtarkiisa cilmi-baarista iyo naqshadeynta hawada. Sannadkii 2015, waxaa lagu daray [[Living Legends of Aviation]] ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay “Aviation Industry Leader of the Year Award” sannadkii ka horreeyay.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://living-legends-of-aviation.myshopify.com/pages/honorees |title= DADKA LA SHARFAY |accessdate=Luulyo 9, 2019 |publisher= Living Legends of Aviation }}</ref> Sannadkii 2014, Fujino wuxuu helay abaalmarinta Golaha Caalamiga ah ee Cilmiga Hawada (ICAS) ee “Award for Innovation in Aeronautics.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icas.org/media/pdf/Awards/Awardees%202014.pdf |title= ICAS Awardees 2014 |accessdate= Luulyo 9, 2019 |year= 2014 |publisher= International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences }}</ref> Wuxuu helay abaalmarinta [[SAE International]] ee “Clarence L. (Kelly) Johnson Aerospace Vehicle Design and Development Award” sannadkii 2013, iyo abaalmarinta [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]] (AIAA) ee “Aircraft Design Award” sannadkii 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sae.org/participate/awards/clarence-l-kelly-johnson-aerospace-vehicle-design-and-development-award |title=Clarence L. (Kelly) Johnson Aerospace Vehicle Design and Development Award |accessdate=Luulyo 9, 2019 |year=2019 |publisher= SAE International }}</ref><ref name="AIAA-Aircraft-Design-Award">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aiaa.org/detail/award/award-aircraft-design-award |title=Abaalmarinta Naqshadeynta Diyaaradaha |accessdate= Luulyo 9, 2019 |year=2019 |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics }}</ref> Fujino waa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee hela dhammaan afartaas abaalmarin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140910005137/en/%E2%80%9CAward-Innovation-Aeronautics%E2%80%9D-Honda-Aircraft-Company-President |title="Abaalmarinta Hal-abuurka Duulista" oo la siiyay Madaxweynaha Honda Aircraft Michimasa Fujino |date=Sebteembar 10, 2014 |website=Business Wire |access-date=Oktoobar 22, 2020}}</ref> Sidoo kale wuxuu helay abaalmarinta AIAA Reed Aeronautics Award sannadkii 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aiaa.org/events-learning/event/2021/08/12/default-calendar/2021-aerospace-spotlight-awards-gala |title=2021 Aerospace Spotlight Awards Gala |author=|date=Agoosto 17, 2021 |website=aiaa.org |publisher=AIAA |access-date=Diseembar 20, 2021}}</ref> ​Hawlaha ganacsi ee Fujino isagoo ah ganacsade waxay sidoo kale soo jiiteen dareen. Sannadkii 2018, borofasoor ka tirsan [[Harvard Business School]] oo la yiraahdo [[Gary Pisano]] ayaa daabacay cilmi-baaris falanqeynaysa horumarinta ganacsi ee Fujino ee barnaamijka HondaJet;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pisano |first1=Gary |last2=Shulman |first2=Jesse |date=Janaayo 2018 |title=Flying into the Future: HondaJet |url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=53732 |series=Harvard Business School Case |pages=1–17 |access-date=Agoosto 20, 2020 |archive-date=2025-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209074828/https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=53732 |url-status=dead }}</ref> tan waxaa markii dambe lagu daray buugga Pisano ee 2019 ee Creative Construction.<ref name="Pisano 8, 111–112, 123–124">{{cite book |last=Pisano |first=Gary |date=Janaayo 2019 |title=Creative Construction: The DNA of Sustained Innovation |url=https://gpisano.com/book/creative-construction/ |location=New York |publisher=PublicAffairs |pages=8, 111–112, 123–124|isbn=978-1-61039-877-0}}</ref> Sannadkii 2019, borofasoor kale oo ka tirsan Harvard Business School, [[Hirotaka Takeuchi]], ayaa ka hadlay hoggaanka ganacsi ee Fujino ee shaqadiisa The Wise Company.<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book |last1=Nonaka |first1=Ikujiro |last2=Takeuchi |first2=Hirotaka |date=2019 |title=The Wise Company: How Companies Create Continuous Innovation |url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=56978 |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=7–19 |isbn=9780190497019 |access-date=2026-01-13 |archive-date=2020-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118155729/https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=56978 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ​Bishii Febraayo 2022, Honda Aircraft waxay ku dhawaaqday in Fujino uu ka fariisan doono xilka madaxweynaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee shirkadda 1-da Abriil, iyo in madaxweyne ku xigeenka Honda Motor Hideto Yamasaki uu la wareegi doono hoggaanka Honda Aircraft ka dib bixitaanka Fujino. Waxaa la ogaaday bishii Maarso inuu gaaray da'da hawlgabka ee shirkadda Honda oo ah 62 sano, laakiin uu sii ahaan doono la-taliye shirkadda Honda Aircraft ka dib hawlgabnimadiisa.<ref>[https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2022/february/22/honda-aircraft-founder-set-to-retire Aasaasihii Honda Aircraft oo loo qorsheeyay inuu hawlgab noqdo - AOPA]</ref> ==Shaqooyinka== ===Liiska Qoraallada=== ​ Case Study 4, HondaJet (615-647): Fundamentals of Aircraft and Airship Design, Vol.2, Leland M. Nicolai and Grant E. Carichner; Waxaa daabacay American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics loogu talagalay AIAA Education Series {{ISBN|978-1-60086-898-6}}.<ref name="hondajet.com3"/> ​Aeronautical and Space Sciences Japan, Vol.60, No.4, Development of the HondaJet. ​Journal of Aircraft 0021-8669 Vol.42 No.3 (755-764): Design and Development of the HondaJet.<ref name="hondajet.com1"/> ​Proceedings: The 36th JSASS Annual Meeting: Design and Development of the HondaJet. ​[[International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences|ICAS]] 2004-1.7.2: Development of the HondaJet.<ref>http://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2004/PAPERS/582.PDF</ref> ​ICAS 2004-4.10.1: Initial Flight Testing of the HondaJet.<ref>http://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2004/PAPERS/437.PDF</ref> ​Journal of Aircraft 0021-8669 Vol.40 No.4 (609-615): Natural-Laminar-Flow Airfoil Development for a Lightweight Business Jet.<ref>http://www.hondajet.com/Content/pdf/tech_papers/Journal_of_Aircraft_Vol40_No4_P609_P615_SHM_1_NLF.pdf</ref> ​Journal of Aircraft 0021-8669 Vol.40 No.6 (1177-1184): Wave-Drag Characteristics of an Over-the-Wing Nacelle Business-Jet Configuration.<ref>http://www.hondajet.com/Content/pdf/tech_papers/Journal_of_Aircraft_Vol40_No6_P1177_P1184_Wave_Drag_OTWEM.pdf</ref> ​AIAA-2003-1942: Flutter Characteristics of an Over-the-Wing Engine Mount Business Jet Configuration.<ref>http://www.hondajet.com/Content/pdf/tech_papers/AIAA_2003_1942_Flutter.pdf</ref> ​==Akhris dheeraad ah== ​The Wise Company: How Companies Create Continuous Innovation (Ikujiro Nonaka iyo Hirotaka Takeuchi, Oxford University Press, 2019)<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> ​Creative Construction: The DNA of Sustained Innovation (Gary Pisano, PublicAffairs, 2019)<ref name="Pisano 8, 111–112, 123–124"/> ​“Laga soo bilaabo Naqshadeeyaha Diyaaradaha illaa Agaasimaha Guud ee Shirkadda” (''The New York Times'', 2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/12/business/from-business-jet-designer-to-company-ceo.html |title=Laga soo bilaabo Naqshadeeyaha Diyaaradaha illaa Agaasimaha Guud ee Shirkadda |last=Olsen |first=Patricia R. |date=Oktoobar 12, 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=Agoosto 20, 2020}}</ref> ​“Diyaarad ahaan, Honda waxay gashay meel cusub” (''The Wall Street Journal'', 2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/with-jet-honda-enters-new-realm-1431906485 |title=Diyaarad ahaan, Honda waxay gashay meel cusub |last=Ostrower |first=Jon |date=May 17, 2015 |website=wsj.com |publisher=Wall Street Journal |access-date=Oktoobar 15, 2020}}</ref> ​“Riyada Honda oo Duushay" (CNBC, 2014)<ref>{{cite interview |last=Fujino |first=Michimasa |interviewer=Kaori Enjoji |title=Eeg tan: diyaaradda cusub ee Honda |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2014/04/27/check-it-out-hondas-new-jet-.html |publisher=CNBC |location=Greensboro, NC |date=Abriil 27, 2014 |work=The Edge |access-date=Oktoobar 15, 2020}}</ref> ​“Honda waxay suuqa keentay diyaarad jet yar” (USA Today, 2006)<ref>{{cite web|title=Honda waxay suuqa keentay diyaarad jet yar|author=Barbara De Lollis |date=Sebteembar 26, 2006 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/usa/usa-today-international-edition/20060926/281784214578604|publisher=USA Today International Edition}}</ref> ​ ==Xusuusin== {{Reflist}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/2006-07-25-hondajet_x.htm USA Today - Diyaaradda yar ee Honda oo diyaar u ah inay duusho] *[https://archive.today/20130123074701/http://www.forbes.com/egang/forbes/2006/0904/112a.html ''Forbes'' - Qorshayaasha Duullimaadka] *[http://www.robbreport.com/archived-issues/Article.aspx?article=12961 ''Robb Report'' - Hal-abuurayaasha: Honda: Odayga iyo Cirka]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://archive.today/20110520090708/http://www.airspacemag.com/issues/2007/april-may/INTERVIEW-Fujino.php?page=1 ''Smithsonian Air & Space Magazine'' - Wareysi: Michimasa Fujino] *[https://archive.today/20110809224228/http://www.ainonline.com/news/single-news-page/article/michimasa-fujino-father-of-the-hondajet/?no_cache=1&cHash=e17021588b Aviation International News Online - Michimasa Fujino: aabaha HondaJet] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601205107/http://www.aopa.org/pilot/features/2005/feat0508.html ''AOPA Pilot Magazine'' - HondaJet: Daaha Gadaashiisa] *[http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070309/AUTO01/703090393/1148 ''The Detroit News'' - HondaJet cusub oo diyaar u ah duullimaad] 631xfe6qhsltnzs6n67c61bjysqo542 0 46982 306160 294307 2026-08-30T04:00:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |embed = |name = Emilio Saba |image = |upright = |alt = |caption = |full_name = Emilio Esteban Saba Fassioli |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|03|26|df=yes}} |birth_place = [[Lima]], Peru |height = 1.8 m |position = [[Right back|Daafaca midig]] |currentclub = [[Sport Boys]] (amaah uga yimid [[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]) |clubnumber = 6 |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = [[Esther Grande]] |youthyears2 = 2018 |youthclubs2 = [[Sport Boys]] |youthyears3 = 2018 |youthclubs3 = [[Alianza Lima]] |youthyears4 = 2019 |youthclubs4 = [[FBC Melgar|Melgar]] |years1 = 2020– |clubs1 = [[FBC Melgar|Melgar]] |caps1 = 4 |goals1 = 0 |years2 = 2021 |clubs2 = → [[Deportivo Municipal]] (amaah) |caps2 = 6 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2022 |clubs3 = → [[UTC Cajamarca]] (amaah) |caps3 = 17 |goals3 = 0 |years4 = 2023 |clubs4 = → [[Asociación Deportiva Tarma|ADT]] (amaah) |caps4 = 28 |goals4 = 0 |years5 = 2024 |clubs5 = → [[Carlos A. Mannucci]] (amaah) |caps5 = 25 |goals5 = 0 |years6 = 2025– |clubs6 = → [[Sport Boys]] (amaah) |caps6 = 10 |goals6 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2023–2024 |nationalteam1 = [[Peru national under-23 football team|Peru U23]] |nationalcaps1 = 8 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2025– |nationalteam2 = [[Palestine national football team|Falastiin]] |nationalcaps2 = 1 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 10:27, 18 October 2025 (UTC) |nationalteam-update = 09:34, 19 October 2024 (UTC) }} ​'''Emilio Esteban Saba Fassioli''' (dhashay 26 Maarso 2001) waa [[Association football|ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta]] xirfadle ah oo u ciyaara sidii [[Defender (association football)|daafaca midig]] kooxda [[Peruvian Primera División]] ee [[Sport Boys]], isagoo amaah uga yimid [[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]. Isagoo ku dhashay Peru, wuxuu u ciyaaraa [[Palestine national football team|xulka qaranka Falastiin]]. ​Wuxuu ciyaaray in ka badan 90 kulan oo horyaalka heerka sare ee Peru ah isagoo u ciyaaray kooxaha Melgar, [[Deportivo Municipal]], [[UTC Cajamarca]], [[Asociación Deportiva Tarma|ADT]], [[Carlos A. Mannucci]] iyo Sport Boys. ​ ==Heerka kooxeed== ===Mustaqbalkiisa hore=== Isagoo ku dhashay [[Lima]], Saba wuxuu u ciyaaray kooxda dhalinyarada ee [[Esther Grande]]. Wuxuu ka ciyaari jiray dhinaca midig ee [[midfielder|khadka dhexe]] ama garabka, isagoo dhaliyay 28 gool sanadkii 2017, mararka qaarna wuxuu u ciyaari jiray kooxaha da'doodu ka weyn tahay hal ama labo sano da'diisa. Sanadkii 2018, wuxuu sidoo kale u ciyaaray [[Sport Boys]] taas oo qayb ka ahayd heshiis u dhexeeya labada kooxood, wuxuuna ku biiray [[Alianza Lima]] bishii Ogosto.<ref name=comercio/> ​Bishii Oktoobar 2018, Saba wuxuu tijaabo labo toddobaad ah u aaday kooxda [[Werder Bremen]] ee Jarmalka ee [[Bundesliga]]. Wuxuu la tababartay ciyaartoy ay ka mid yihiin halyeeyga u dhashay Peru ee [[Claudio Pizarro]].<ref name=comercio>{{cite news |title=¿Quién es el futbolista peruano que cumplió entrenamientos de prueba con Werder Bremen?|trans-title=Waa kuuma ciyaaryahanka kubbadda cagta ee reer Peru ee tababarka tijaabada ah la qaatay Werder Bremen?|url=https://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/peruanos-en-el-mundo/futbolista-peruano-cumplio-entrenamientos-prueba-werder-bremen-noticia-575199-noticia/?ref=ecr |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]] |date=7 November 2018 |language=Spanish}}</ref> ===Meelgar=== Markii maareeyaha Esther Grande ee [[Marco Valencia]] uu u wareegay [[FBC Melgar|Melgar]] sanadkii 2019, wuxuu saxiixay Saba, kaasoo ka caawiyay [[reserve team|kooxda labaad]] inay galaan kaalinta saddexaad sanadkaas.<ref name=todo>{{cite news |title=Emilio Saba «Hace dos años que soy lateral derecho» |trans-title=Emilio Saba "Laba sano ayaan ahaa daafaca midig"|url=https://todosport.pe/emilio-saba-hace-dos-anos-que-soy-lateral-derecho/ |access-date=19 October 2024 |publisher=Todo Sport |date=10 February 2023 |language=Spanish}}</ref> Markii tartankii [[Torneo de Promoción y Reserva (Peru)|Torneo de Promoción y Reserva]] la joojiyay sanadkii 2020 sababo la xiriira [[COVID-19 pandemic in Peru|faafitaanka COVID-19]], Saba waxaa lagu daray kooxda koowaad wuxuuna saxiixay kulankiisii ugu horreeyay ee xirfadeed ee horyaalka [[Peruvian Primera División]] 27-kii Ogosto ciyaar 2–0 looga adkaaday oo gurigooda ay kula ciyaareen [[FC Carlos Stein|Carlos Stein]], isagoo ciyaaray 25-kii daqiiqo ee ugu dambeeyay isagoo bedelay [[Diego Manicero]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Melgar no pudo con Carlos Stein y cayó por 2-0|trans-title=Melgar ma uusan hor istaagi karin Carlos Stein, 2-0 ayaana looga adkaaday|url=https://radioyaravi.org.pe/noticia/deportes/melgar-no-pudo-con-carlos-stein-y-cayo-por-2-0 |access-date=19 October 2024 |publisher=Radio Yaraví |date=28 August 2020 |language=Spanish}}</ref> ​Bishii Maarso 2021, Saba waxaa amaah lagu siiyay [[Deportivo Municipal]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Municipal oficializó el fichaje de Emilio Saba |trans-title=Municipal waxay xaqiijisay saxiixa Emilio Saba |url=https://ovacion.pe/noticias/deportivo-municipal/municipal-oficializo-fichaje-emilio-saba |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=Ovación |date=4 March 2021 |language=Spanish |archive-date=24 Bisha Koobaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124124228/https://ovacion.pe/noticias/deportivo-municipal/municipal-oficializo-fichaje-emilio-saba |url-status=dead }}</ref> Labadii sano ee xigay wuxuu sidoo kale si ku meel gaar ah ugu wareegay kooxaha [[UTC Cajamarca]] iyo [[Asociación Deportiva Tarma|ADT]]; kooxda dambe, wuxuu u ciyaaray 28 kulan sanadkii 2023 markii ay u soo baxeen tartanka [[Copa Sudamericana]] markii ugu horreysay.<ref name=quien>{{cite news |title=¿Quién es Emilio Saba, la figura de la Selección Peruana Sub 23?|trans-title=Waa kuuma Emilio Saba, oo ah shakhsiga xulka qaranka Peru ee ka yar 23 sano?|url=https://www.futbolperuano.com/preolimpico/quien-es-emilio-saba-la-figura-de-la-seleccion-peruana-sub-23-440995 |access-date=19 October 2024 |publisher=Fútbol Peruano |date=19 March 2023 |language=Spanish}}</ref> ​Saba waxaa lala xiriiriyay inuu dib ugu laabanayo Alianza sanadkii 2023, laakiin wuxuu doortay inuu mar kale amaah ku baxo, markan wuxuu aaday kooxda [[Carlos A. Mannucci]].<ref name=quien/> ​ ==Heerka caalami== Saba waxaa lagu daray [[Peru national under-20 football team|kooxda Peru ee ka yar 20 sano]], laakiin xaaladihii COVID waxay ka dhigan tahay in kooxdu aysan ciyaarin wax kulan rasmi ah intii uu joogay. Waxay ciyaareen kulamo tababar ah oo ay la yeesheen da'aha kale ee [[Peruvian Football Federation]], kuwanuna waxay keeneen inuu door bido booska daafaca midig.<ref name=todo/> ​Saba waxaa loogu yeeray [[Peru national football team|xulka qaranka sare]] ka hor isreeb-reebka [[2026 FIFA World Cup]] ee loogu soo baxayo koobka aduunka ee looga horjeeday xulalka [[Bolivia national football team|Bolivia]] iyo [[Venezuela national football team|Venezuela]] bishii Noofambar 2023. Maareeyaha [[Juan Reynoso (footballer)|Juan Reynoso]] ayaa ka saaray ciyaartoyda ka socota Alianza ama [[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]] sababo la xiriira ciyaaraha finalka ee dalka.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Galiano |first1=Renzo |title=Sin jugadores de Alianza Lima y Universitario, lista de convocados de Liga 1 para los partidos ante Bolivia y Venezuela|trans-title=Iyadoo aysan jirin ciyaartoy ka socota Alianza Lima ama Universitario, liiska loogu yeerista ee Liga 1 ee kulamada looga horjeedo Bolivia iyo Venezuela|url=https://www.infobae.com/peru/2023/10/30/sin-jugadores-de-alianza-lima-y-universitario-lista-de-convocados-de-liga-1-para-los-partidos-ante-bolivia-y-venezuela/ |access-date=19 October 2024 |publisher=[[Infobae]] |date=30 October 2023 |language=Spanish}}</ref> ​Bishii Diseembar 2023, Saba waxaa loogu yeeray [[Peru national under-23 football team|kooxda Peru ee ka yar 23 sano]] afar kulan oo [[Exhibition game|saaxiibtinimo]] ah. Wuxuu gool ku dhaliyay [[Penalty kick (association football)|rigoodhe]] ciyaar 4–0 ay kaga badiyeen [[Bolivia national under-23 football team|Bolivia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=La selección peruana sub-23 se impuso ante Bolivia y goleó 4–0 en partido amistoso|trans-title=Xulka qaranka Peru ee ka yar 23 sano ayaa ka adkaaday Bolivia, waxayna 4-0 ugu awood sheegteen ciyaar saaxiibtinimo|url=https://larepublica.pe/deportes/2023/12/18/peru-vs-bolivia-sub-23-en-vivo-partido-amistoso-internacional-2023-fpf-play-825444 |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=[[La República]] |date=19 December 2023 |language=Spanish}}</ref> Bishii xigtay, wuxuu ahaa [[Captain (association football)|kabtanka]] tartankii [[2024 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament]] ee ka dhacay Venezuela, halkaas oo kooxdiisu aysan ugu soo bixin tartanka [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Olombikada]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Benedetti |first1=Eliezer |title=El lamento de Emilio Saba, capitán de Perú Sub 23, tras dolorosa derrota ante Argentina: "Perdimos la batalla, no la guerra"|trans-title=Taqsiirtii Emilio Saba, oo ahaa kabtanka Peru ee ka yar 23 sano, ka dib guul-darradii xanuunka badneyd ee ka soo gaartay Argentina: "Dagaalkii waan weynay, laakiin ma aanan weynin dagaalka weyn" |url=https://www.infobae.com/peru/2024/01/25/el-lamento-de-emilio-saba-capitan-de-peru-sub-23-tras-dolorosa-derrota-ante-argentina-perdimos-la-batalla-no-la-guerra/ |access-date=19 October 2024 |publisher=[[Infobae]] |date=25 January 2024 |language=Spanish}}</ref> ​Saba waxaa la soo xiriiray [[Palestine national football team|xulka qaranka Falastiin]] sanadkii 2025, madaama uu sidoo kale haysto [[Palestinian Authority passport|dhalashada dalkaas]]. Wuu diiday dalabka wuxuuna sheegay inuu sugayo in loogu yeero Peru.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tovar |first1=Marco |title=Jugador de Melgar fue buscado por selección que pelea por ir al Mundial 2026: ¿qué dijo?|trans-title=Ciyaaryahan ka tirsan Melgar ayaa waxaa raadiyay xul qaranka oo u dagaallamaya inay aadaan Koobka Adduunka 2026: muxuu yiri?|url=https://www.eldiez.com.pe/liga-1/melgar-emilio-saba-recibio-propuesta-para-jugar-en-seleccion-de-palestina-que-pelea-por-ir-al-mundial-2026-liga-1-noticia/#google_vignette |access-date=30 June 2025 |work=El Diez |date=2 June 2025 |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Emilio Saba: representó a Perú, pero otra selección que pelea por llegar al Mundial 2026 lo llamó|trans-title=Emilio Saba: wuxuu matalay Peru, laakiin xul qaranka kale ayaa u yeeray|url=https://www.futbolperuano.com/seleccion/noticias/represento-a-peru-pero-otra-seleccion-que-pelea-por-llegar-al-mundial-2026-lo-llamo-521686 |access-date=30 June 2025 |publisher=Fútbol Peruano |date=2 June 2025 |language=Spanish}}</ref> 17-kii Oktoobar 2025, codsigiisii ahaa inuu u beddelo xulashadiisa caalamiga ah dhinaca Falastiin waxaa oggolaaday [[FIFA]].<ref name="FIFA-CAP">{{cite news|url=https://knowledge.fifa.com/change-of-association-platform|title=FIFA Change of Association Platform|website=knowledge.fifa.com|date=17 October 2025|access-date=17 October 2025}}</ref> Wuxuu saxiixay kulankiisii ugu horreeyay 15-kii Noofambar ciyaar 3–0 looga adkaaday oo ay marti u ahaayeen xulka aan rasmiga ahayn ee [[Basque Country national football team|xulka qaranka Gobolka Basque]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Galiano |first1=Renzo |title=Emilio Saba protagoniza emotivo debut con Palestine ante Euskadi en San Mamés: vuelta olímpica de agradecimiento y unión en graderías|trans-title=Emilio Saba oo horseeday kulan dhiirigelin leh oo uu u saftay Falastiin kulan looga horjeeday Gobolka Basque ee San Mamés: wareeg mahadnaq ah iyo midnimo ku dhex jirtay taageerayaasha|url=https://www.infobae.com/peru/deportes/2025/11/15/emilio-saba-protagoniza-emotivo-debut-con-palestina-ante-euskadi-en-san-mames-vuelta-olimpica-de-agradecimiento-y-union-en-graderias/ |access-date=17 November 2025 |publisher=[[Infobae]] |date=15 November 2025 |language=Spanish}}</ref> Bishii xigtay, wuxuu u ciyaaray tartankii [[2025 FIFA Arab Cup]] ee ka dhacay Qatar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Qatar vs Palestine - FIFA Arab Cup Qatar 2025 |url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/01/12/2025/live-updates-qatar-vs-palestine-fifa-arab-cup-qatar-2025 |access-date=2 December 2025 |work=[[The Peninsula (newspaper)|The Peninsula]] |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> ​ ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== ​ {{DEFAULTSORT:Saba, Emilio}} 9wu266oz7uqaeqs3jc06p92j4jlae43 0 47644 306173 306014 2026-08-30T06:34:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kalk Bay | native_name = ''Kalkbaai'' | image_skyline = Kalkbaai.JPG | image_caption = Kalk Bay oo laga arkayo dhabbada tareenka | pushpin_map = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa | coordinates = {{coord|34|07|40|S|18|26|54|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Waddan]] | subdivision_name = [[Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Koonfur Afrika|Gobol]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_type3 = [[Liiska degmooyinka Koonfur Afrika|Degmo Doorasho]] | subdivision_name3 = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]] | subdivision_type4 = Goobta Koowaad | subdivision_name4 = [[Cape Town]] | established_title = La aasaasay | leader_title = Xildhibaan | leader_name = Aimee Kuhl ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]]) | area_footnotes = <ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041112 |title=Sub Place Kalk Bay |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2019-03-22 |archive-date=2019-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711134841/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041112 |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 0.32 | population_footnotes = <ref name="census2011" /> | population_total = 700 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto <!-- demographics (section 1) -->| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka qowmiyadeed (2011) | demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="census2011" /> | demographics1_title1 = [[Dadka Bantuuga ee Koonfur Afrika|Madow Afrikaan]] | demographics1_info1 = 8.1% | demographics1_title2 = [[Midabka isku dhex jira|Midabka isku dhex jira]] | demographics1_info2 = 32.3% | demographics1_title3 = [[Aasiyaanka Koonfur Afrika|Aasiyaan]] | demographics1_info3 = 0.1% | demographics1_title4 = [[Caddanka Koonfur Afrika|Caddan]] | demographics1_info4 = 54.6% | demographics1_title5 = Kale | demographics1_info5 = 4.9% <!-- demographics (section 2) -->| demographics_type2 = [[Luqadda koowaad]] (2011) | demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="census2011" /> | demographics2_title1 = [[Luqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriis]] | demographics2_info1 = 86.2% | demographics2_title2 = [[Af-Afrikaans]] | demographics2_info2 = 10.3% | demographics2_title3 = | demographics2_info3 = | demographics2_title4 = | demographics2_info4 = | demographics2_title5 = Kale | demographics2_info5 = 3.5% <!-- blank fields (section 2) --> <!-- Other information -->| timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Halbeega ee Koonfur Afrika|SAST]] | utc_offset1 = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Liiska nambarrada boostada ee Koonfur Afrika|Xeerka boostada]] (waddada) | postal_code = 7975 | postal2_code_type = [[Sanduuqa boostada|Sanduuqa boostada]] | postal2_code = 7990 | area_code_type = [[Nambarrada taleefanka ee Koonfur Afrika|Xeerka aagga]] }} '''Kalk Bay''' ({{langx|af|Kalkbaai}}) waa [[tuulo kalluumeysi]] iyo xafo ka tirsan [[Cape Town]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee False Bay. Inta badan magaalada waxay ku taal daldaloolada buuraha ee xiga badda. Buurahan, oo leh meelo sare oo ah [[Dhagax Bacaadka ee Buurta Shaxda]], waxay sameeyaan dhowr dooxadood.<ref name="compton">Compton, J.S. (2004).''The Rocks and Mountains of Cape Town''. p. 24-26, 44-70. Double Storey Books, Cape Town. {{ISBN|1-919930-70-1}}.</ref> [[Gadiidka tareenka ee Koonfur Afrika|Dhabbada tareenka]] ee ka timaada [[Cape Town]] kuna socota [[Simon's Town]] waxay martaa Kalk Bay, taas oo leh hal saldhig oo u dhow dekedda. Kalk Bay waxay ku dhowdahay xafada taariikhda la xiriirta ee [[St James, Cape Town|St James]], iyadoo qaybinta u dhaxeysa labada ay tahay mid si weyn u rami ah. Waxay wadaagaan Ururka Canshuurbixiyayaasha iyo Dadka Deggan Kalk Bay iyo St. James, kaas oo maamula guddiga hiddaha isla markaana xiriir la sameeya dowladda arrimaha ku saabsan amniga iyo ilaalinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalk Bay & St James Ratepayers |url=https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Kalk Bay & St James Ratepayers |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705003756/https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sannadkii 2018, majaladda ''[[Forbes]]'' waxay u magacawday xaafaddan mid ka mid ah kuwa "ugu qaboobaha badan dunida", iyadoo ku tilmaantay "gabaad xeebeed" oo soo jiidanaya wax ka badan bulshada hal-abuurka ee deegaanka.<ref name=ForbesCoolest>{{Cite web|last=Abel|first=Ann|date=22 June 2018|title=The 12 Coolest Neighborhoods Around the World|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/06/22/the-12-coolest-neighborhoods-around-the-world/|access-date=2020-05-01|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=2020-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613124721/https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/06/22/the-12-coolest-neighborhoods-around-the-world/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-22|title=Kalk Bay named one of the 'coolest places' - Forbes|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kalk-bay-named-one-of-the-coolest-places-forbes/|access-date=2020-05-01|website=SABC News|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127132143/http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kalk-bay-named-one-of-the-coolest-places-forbes/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Taariikhda == [[File:Kalk Bay historic postcard.jpg|left|thumb|Kaatun taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan Kalk Bay]] === Taariikhda ka hor gumeysiga === Taariikhda aagga Kalk Bay waa mid adag in laga saaro taariikhda gobolka weyn ee False Bay. Waxay u dhowdahay in aagga ay degenaayeen dadka [[Khoekhoe]] muddo kumanyaal sano ah ka hor dejinta reer Yurub.<ref name=":0">{{cite thesis |degree=MA |last=Kirkaldy |first=Alan |date=November 1988 |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22499/thesis_hum_1989_kirkaldy_alan.pdf?sequence=1 |title="The sea is in our blood" - community and craft in Kalk Bay |publisher=University of Cape Town |access-date=2023-09-11 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321003840/https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22499/thesis_hum_1989_kirkaldy_alan.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Baaritaan lagu sameeyay lafaha laga helay gobolka xeebta ayaa muujiyay in dhererka dadkan taariikhda ka hor uu ku jiray qiyaasta dadka casriga ah ee [[Khoisan]].<ref name="Wilson1990">{{cite thesis |last=Wilson |first=M. |date=1990 |title=Strandlovers and Shell Middens |publisher=University of Cape Town |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/11427/22956/1/thesis_hum_Wilson_1990.pdf |location=Available at UCT Digital Collections}}</ref> [[Turaas]] laga helay boholaha hoose ee buuraha ka sarreeya Kalk Bay ayaa muujinaya in goobahan loo isticmaali jiray gabaad,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Timeline – Kalk Bay Historical Association |url=https://www.kbha.co.za/timeline/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322123151/http://www.kbha.co.za/timeline/ |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo caddaymaha qadiimiga ah ayaa weli sii muuqanaya sababo la xiriira dhaqdhaqaaqa xayawaanka ee aagga.<ref name="EAPrac2021">{{cite web |author=Cape EAPrac Archaeological Survey |date=2021 |title=Archaeological Impact Assessment |url=http://cape-eaprac.co.za/projects/HES651%20Patrys%20Development/G4%20Archaeological%20Impact%20Assessment.pdf |publisher=Professional heritage assessment report}} </ref> === Dejinta reer Yurub iyo ugaarsiga nibiriga === Tuulada Kalk Bay waxaa u dhow inay aasastay [[Shirkadda Bariga Hindiya ee Holand]] qarnigii 17-aad. Markii ugu horreysay ee qoraal lagu xuso magaca ''Kalkbaai'' (Bay-da Nuuradda) waxay ahayd badhasaab [[Simon van der Stel]] sannadkii 1687, intii lagu jiray safar saddex toddobaad qaatay oo lagu baarayay laguna khariidaynayay False Bay.<ref name="S2A3">{{cite web |title=Simon van der Stel |url=https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2926 |website=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science |access-date=2024-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Simon van der Stel's Day Register |journal=Cape Archives |language=Dutch |volume=11 |pages=481}}</ref> Magaca wuxuu ka yimid ereyada Holandeeska iyo Af-Afrikaans ee tilmaamaya kaydadka qolofta dhuubta ee ay gubeen dadkii hore u degay si ay u soo saaraan [[Nuurad|nuurad]]. Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee kalluumeysatada ahaa waxay u badnaayeen addoomo laga keenay Bengal, Indonesia, iyo Ceylon. Waxay heleen xorriyaddooda sannadkii 1807, markii addoonsiga laga dhigay mid sharci darro ah [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Bulshadan waxay u badneyd Muslim, taas oo horseeday dhismaha [[masaajid]] sannadkii 1846.<ref name=":0" /> Hoos u dhaca [[Gumeysiga Cape|Xukunkii Ingiriiska]], ugaarsiga nibiriga wuxuu noqday warshad weyn. Laga bilaabo qiyaastii 1806, wuxuu kiciyay dejinta aagga wuxuuna noqday warshadda saddexaad ee dakhliga ugu badan ka soo xaroodo Cape, ka dib beeraha iyo khamri-samaynta.<ref name="Riverlodge2016">{{cite web |date=10 March 2016 |title=Our Famous False Bay Visitors |url=https://www.riverlodge.co.za/blogs/riverlodge-blog/our-famous-false-bay-visitors |website=Riverlodge Backpackers}}</ref> Saldhigyada ugaarsiga nibiriga waxaa laga raray Simon's Town lana geeyay xeebta u dhaxeysa Kalk Bay iyo St James ka dib markii dadka deegaanka ay ka cabdeen urta.<ref name="Walker2016">{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Michael |date=2016 |title=A history of the houses |url=https://www.stjamesguesthouses.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/STJ-Booklet-Walker-LR.pdf |publisher=St James Guesthouses}}</ref> Sannadkii 1902, ugaarsigii nibiriga ee Kalk Bay waa uu istaagay sababtoo ah kaydkii nibiriga ayaa yaraaday.<ref name="CoCT2014_5">{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stories of the South Peninsula, Chapter 05 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_05_2014-06.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town |access-date=2026-06-24 |archive-date=2025-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206142356/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_05_2014-06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Bulshada Filibiin === Dadka waxaa sii kordhiyay imaatinka kalluumeysatada Filibiin. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee deegaanka, imaatinkii ugu horreeyay wuxuu noqon karaa qiyaastii 1839, markii kalluumeysato magaciisa la oron jiray Staggie Fernandez uu ka soo dabaashay markab joogay Simon's Town una soo lugaynaayay Kalk Bay.<ref name="Herbert2023">{{cite web |last=Herbert |first=Steve |date=28 September 2023 |title=The history of Kalk Bay's Filipino community |url=https://falsebayecho.co.za/news/2023-09-28-the-history-of-kalk-bays-filipino-community/ |website=False Bay Echo}}</ref> Warbixinno kale waxay sheegayaan in shaqaale markab Filibiin ah oo ku qarqoomay ay degeen Kalk Bay bartamihii 1840-meeyadii. Bulshadu waxay si weyn u korortay 1850-meeyadii markii qaxooti ay ka soo carareen Filibiin si ay uga baxsadaan rabshadihii ka dhanka ahaa Isbaanishka.<ref name="Smile2019">{{cite web |date=5 April 2019 |title=EARLY KALK BAY SETTLERS HONOURED |url=https://smilefm.co.za/early-kalk-bay-settlers-honoured/ |website=Smile 90.4FM}}</ref> Bulshada Filibiin ee u badneyd [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoolig]] waxaa loo arkaa asalka kala qaybinta u dhaxeysa Kalk Bay iyo [[St James, Cape Town|St James]], maadaama kan dambe uu ku yaal kaniisadda Kaatooligga ee keliya ee aagga.<ref name=":0" /> === Horumarinta dhabbada tareenka iyo dekedda === [[File:Kalk Bay's Train Line 1883.jpg|left|thumb|Dhabbada tareenka ee Kalk Bay sannadkii 1883]] Dhabbada tareenka ee Khadka Koonfureed waxaa loo kordhiyay Kalk Bay sannadkii 1883, iyadoo ku xireysa tuulada Cape Town kuna gacan siineysa in kalluunka si hufan loogu qaado magaalada.<ref name="CoCT2014_9">{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stories of the South Peninsula, Chapter 09 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_09_2014-06.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town |access-date=2026-06-24 |archive-date=2026-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607174857/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_09_2014-06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Seeff2018">{{cite web |date=14 September 2018 |title=Then and now: Wynberg Railway Station |url=https://www.seeff.com/news/then-and-now-wynberg-railway-station/ |website=Seeff Property Group}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, imaatinka tareenka wuxuu halis geliyay dhaqankii ahaa in doomaha yar yar ee kalluumeysiga laga bilaabo xeebta. Tani, oo ay weheliso isticmaalka maraakiibta waa weyn ee kalluumeysiga ee False Bay, waxay kordhisay cadaadiska dhismaha deked macmal ah. Dhismaha dekedda wuxuu bilowday 6-dii Maarso 1913, iyadoo uu kormeerayay injineerka mas'uulka ka ahaa C. Le S. Furlong.<ref name="IdeaAccel2025">{{cite web |date=15 April 2025 |title=The Mystery of the Green Starboard Lighthouse at Kalk Bay Harbour |url=https://ideaaccelerator.co.za/the-mystery-of-the-green-starboard-lighthouse-at-kalk-bay-harbour/ |website=Idea Accelerator Blog |access-date=24 Bisha Lixaad 2026 |archive-date=13 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213135450/https://ideaaccelerator.co.za/the-mystery-of-the-green-starboard-lighthouse-at-kalk-bay-harbour/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 7-dii Juun 1913, Wasiirka Tareennada iyo Dekedaha, Henry Burton, ayaa dhigay dhagax-dhigga.<ref name="Echo2023">{{cite news |url=https://www.falsebayecho.co.za/news/celebrating-110-years-of-kalk-bay-harbour-95103577-55dc-42c9-a020-0a737a61032d |title=Celebrating 110 years of Kalk Bay Harbour |work=False Bay Echo |date=27 June 2023 |first=Erin |last=Carelse |access-date=26 May 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526132931/https://www.falsebayecho.co.za/news/celebrating-110-years-of-kalk-bay-harbour-95103577-55dc-42c9-a020-0a737a61032d |url-status=live }}</ref> Mashruuca wuxuu inta badan dhammaaday 1918, wuxuuna dhalay barkad 8-acre ah oo leh gabaad hirarka ka difaaca, marin kalluunka laga soo dejiyo, iyo marin doomaha la mariyo.<ref name="IdeaAccel2025"/> Sannadkii 1937 iyo 1939 waxaa lagu daray [[Dhismaha dekedda ka difaaca hirarka|gabaad labaad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulletin 1 1997 |url=https://kbha.co.za/BULLETINS/1/mobile/index.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=kbha.co.za |language=en}}</ref> === Xilligii midab-kala-sooca (Apartheid) === [[File:Kalk Bay.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|"Fisherman Flats" oo laga arkayo dekedda, kuwaas oo lagu garto saqafkooda guduudan iyo midabka maariinka ah]] Sharcigii Aqallada Dumay ee 1934, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaali jiray horumarinta midab-kala-sooca, wuxuu horseeday dumin lagu sameeyay guryo ku yaal aag ka tirsan Kalk Bay oo loo yaqaano Die Land.<ref name="UP2009">{{cite web |date=2009 |title=Contested modernism: post Slums Act public housing in Cape Town |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/items/5efe35e1-9bcd-4880-9c94-db2bf7355df9 |publisher=Art Historical Work Group of South Africa, University of Pretoria}}</ref> Guryahan waxaa u badnaa dadka [[Midabka isku dhex jira|Midabka isku dhex jira]] ee kalluumeysatada ahaa. Bulshadu waxay si guul leh ugu dagaalantay in guryo beddel u ah laga dhiso meeshii laga dumiyay, taas oo keentay dhismaha aqallo dabaqyo ah intii u dhaxeysay 1941 iyo 1945, oo loo yaqaano "Fishermen's Flats".<ref name="GroundUp2018">{{cite web |date=14 June 2018 |title=Using municipal land for bowling greens during a housing crisis is unjust |url=https://groundup.org.za/article/leasing-city-land-bowling-greens-housing-crisis-unjust/ |website=GroundUp}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kalk Bay Historical Association |url=https://www.kbha.co.za/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330095658/http://www.kbha.co.za/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sannadkii 1967, Kalk Bay waxaa loogu dhawaaqay "Aag Caddan" iyadoo la raacayo [[Sharciga Aagga Kooxaha]]. Tani waxay keentay dibad-bax weyn iyo isbeddel taariikhda naadir ku ah: bulshada kalluumeysatada ah waxaa loo oggolaaday inay ku haraan dabaqyada, maadaama ay qasab ku ahayd inay u dhowaadaan doomahooda.<ref name="Destiny2023">{{cite web |last=Manuel |first=Lauren |date=6 March 2023 |title=The Keeper of Fishermen Tales |url=https://www.destinyconnect.com/2023/03/the-keeper-of-fishermen-tales/ |website=Destiny Connect}}</ref> Inkastoo loo qabtay muddo 15 sano ah oo aakhirkii lagu rarayo, haddana marnaba lagama hawlgalin, inta badan dadkiina waa ay hareen. Qiyaastii meel meel afar meelood loo qaybiyay qoysaska ayaa la saaray.<ref name=":2" /> == Dalxiiska == [[Image:Kalk Bay 2.JPG|thumb|Dekedda Kalk Bay]] Warshaddii kalluumeysiga ee taariikhda maamuli jirtay Kalk Bay waxaa inta badan beddelay dalxiiska.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-02 |title=December Newsletter |url=https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/december-newsletter/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Kalk Bay & St James Ratepayers |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526133716/https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/december-newsletter/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Isbeddelkan waxaa kiciyay dhowr meelood oo caan ah oo soo jiidasho leh. Dekedda weli waxay martigelisaa warshad kalluumeysi oo firfircoon; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay sidoo kale noqotay goob dalxiis oo caan ah. Waxay leedahay dhowr maqaayado cuntooyinka badda ah<ref>{{Cite web |last=Getaway |date=2021-06-30 |title=Kalk Bay: The Happy Harbour |url=https://www.getaway.co.za/destinations/western-cape/kalk-bay-the-happy-harbour/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Getaway Magazine}}</ref> iyo suuq kalluun oo cusub. Waxay sidoo kale caan ku tahay dadkeeda [[Libaax baddoodka maariinka ah]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Master |first=Web |date=2021-12-27 |title=Kalk Bay Seal Finally Off the Hook, Freed from Pain • Cape of Good Hope SPCA |url=https://capespca.co.za/wildlife-news/kalk-bay-seal-finally-off-the-hook-freed-from-pain/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Cape of Good Hope SPCA |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kalk Bay waxay leedahay meel dhagaxley ah oo caan ku ah ruxitaanka hirarka loona yaqaano "Kalk Bay Reef". Waxay caan ku tahay hirarka waa weyn ee xidhan iyo dhagaxleyda gacanyada ah ee la xiriirta, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka halis badan inta badan goobaha caanka ah ee loo dalxiis tago hirarka dushooda. Waxaa ugu fiican in lagu dhex dabaasho hirar waa weyn oo ka imanaya koonfur-bari ama dabayl ka timaada waqooyi-galbeed. Hirarka yaryar, marka ay bbadu guranto waxay sameysaa hirar xidhan oo fiican. Hirarka inta badan waxay u fiican yihiin dhex dabaalashada xilliga qaboobaha iyo bilowga guga.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Dhaqdhaqaaqa kale ee caanka ah waa daawashada nibiriga, maadaama [[Nibiriga saxda ah ee koonfureed]] uu soo maro False Bay dhowr bilood oo sannadka ka mid ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, buuraha ka sarreeya Kalk Bay waxay leeyihiin dhowr dhabbo oo loo lugeeyo, oo ay ku jiraan Echo Valley iyo Trappieskop (Af-Afrikaans oo u taagan 'buurta tillaabooyinka'). Kuwaas waxaa laga geli karaa Boyes Drive, oo dhex marta buurta ka sarreysa Kalk Bay. Buuruhu waxay leeyihiin wax ka badan siddeetan godood, oo ku kala duwan dhibka ay leeyihiin.<ref name="CU1984">{{cite web |date=1984 |title=Caves Of The Cape Peninsula |url=https://cucc.survex.com/jnl/1984/cape.htm |publisher=Cambridge Underground Journal}}</ref> Dhabbooyinka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in laga galo godadka dhagax bacaadka ah ee loo yaqaano "Boomslang Cave"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subseries G10 - Avernas, Boomslang, White Dome Grotto, Wessels Grotto |url=https://www.atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc739-g-g10 |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=AtoM@UCT |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526133723/https://www.atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc739-g-g10 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo "Ronan's Well", taas oo leh marin ka badan 400 oo mitir.<ref name="CU1984"/> Kuwaas waxaa caan ku ah dadka hiwaayadda u leh galitaanka godadka sababo la xiriira sahlanaanta gelidooda, amnigooda, iyo qaabdhismeedkooda sahlan. Godadkan waxay muhiimad u leeyihiin aqoonyahannada baara godadka sababtoo ah waxay ku sameysmeen dhagax bacaad. Nidaamyada godadka waa weyn inta badan lagama helo noocan oo kale ah dhagaxaan aan kiimiko ahaan falgalin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sharratt |first1=Norma J. |last2=Picker |first2=Mike D. |last3=Samways |first3=Michael J. |year=2000 |title=The invertebrate fauna of the sandstone caves of the Cape Peninsula (South Africa): Patterns of endemism and conservation priorities |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=107–143 |doi=10.1023/A:1008968518058 |s2cid=28508022}}</ref> == Astaan-gacmeedka== Kalk Bay (oo ay ku jiraan [[Muizenberg]] iyo [[St James, Cape Town|St James]]) waxay ahayd degmo magaalada ah bilowgii 1895 ilaa 1913. Golaha magaalada wuxuu qaatay astaan-gacmeed, oo uu naqshadeeyay Frank Newnes, bishii Luulyo 1901.<ref name="wca">Western Cape Archives : Kalk Bay Municipal Minutes (23 July 1901).</ref> Gaashaanka wuxuu u qaybsanaa si jiif ah. Qaybta sare waxay u qaybsantay si toos ah, iyadoo muujinaysa doon kalluumeysi (oo qayb ahaan uu qariyay gaashaan yar) iyo siddeed fleurs de lis, halka qaybta hoose ay muujinaysay [[raascanab canab ah]]. Gaashaan yar oo muujinaya ubaxa arum lily ayaa la dhigay bartamaha. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Dekedaha iyo gabaadyada Koonfur Afrika]] == Tixraacyada == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirin dheeraad ah == {{commons category}} f6rb0kenvi31qiu2oa10epayt5bjzbh 0 47816 306157 299892 2026-08-30T02:29:39Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Chã de Areia | native_name = | native_name_lang = pt | settlement_type = Xaafad | image_skyline = Praia-Plage de Gamboa (3).jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Xeebta Gamboa | nickname = | motto = | mottoeng = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|14.914|-23.512|display=it}} | population_total = 247 | population_as_of = 2010 | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Cape Verde|Cabo Verde]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of Cape Verde|Jasiirad]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Jasiiradda Santiago]] | subdivision_type2 = Magaalada | subdivision_name2 = [[Praia]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = [http://www.cmpraia.cv www.cmpraia.cv] | footnotes = }} '''Chã de Areia''' waa qayb ka mid ah magaalada [[Praia]] ee jasiiradda [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]], [[Cape Verde]]. Dadkeedu waxay ahaayeen 247 qof tirakoobkii 2010.<ref name=census10>{{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/santiago-2/|title=Natiijooyinka tirakoobka 2010 Santiago|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 Noofambar 2016|language=Boortaqiis}}</ref> Waxay dhacdaa koonfurta iyo galbeedka bartamaha magaalada. Xaafadaha ku dhow waxaa ka mid ah [[Plateau (Praia)|Plateau]] oo dhanka waqooyi-bari ah, [[Achadinha (Praia)|Achadinha]] oo dhanka waqooyi ah, [[Várzea, Praia|Várzea]] oo dhanka galbeed ah, [[Achada Santo António]] oo dhanka koonfur-galbeed ah iyo [[Prainha, Praia|Prainha]] oo dhanka koonfur ah. Waddooyinkeeda ugu waaweyn waa Avenida Combatentes da Liberdade da Patria iyo [[Avenida Cidade de Lisboa]]. Goobaha xiisaha leh ee Chã de Areia waxaa ka mid ah xeebta Gamboa, [[Praia Harbor|dekaddii hore]] ee Praia iyo [[Arquivo Histórico Nacional (Cape Verde)|Kaydka Qaranka ee Cabo Verde]], oo ku yaalla dhismihii hore ee kastamka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://casacomum.org/cc/parceiros?inst=8|title=Kaydka Qaranka ee Cabo Verde, ANCV|publisher=Casa Comum|language=pt|access-date=2026-06-25|archive-date=2024-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722211939/http://casacomum.org/cc/parceiros?inst=8|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:231 L'estacade de Praya.jpg|thumb|left|Gamboa, Praia intii lagu guda jiray booqashadii Vandrunen ee 1899]] [[File:Arquivo Histórico Nacional, Praia, Cape Verde.jpg|thumb|right|Dhismaha Kaydka Qaranka (ANCV)]] Festival de Gamboa waa xaflad muusig oo sannadle ah oo ka dhacda xeebta Gamboa. Waxay dhacdaa saddex maalmood oo isku xigta bisha Maajo, waana mid ka mid ah munaasabadaha muusiga ee ugu waaweyn Cabo Verde.<ref>[http://www.caboverde-info.com/content/download/8370/73135/version/1/file/Inventa%CC%81rio+dos+Recursos+Turi%CC%81sticos+da+Praia+%E2%80%93+Santiago.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município da Praia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.caboverde-info.com/content/download/8370/73135/version/1/file/Inventa%CC%81rio+dos+Recursos+Turi%CC%81sticos+da+Praia+%E2%80%93+Santiago.pdf |date=20231120165124 }}, Direcção Geral do Turismo, bogga 43-44</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Gamboa Beach (Praia)}} ob0kg4bnkyyeng0eehvm723d9hrtyft 0 48281 306167 300516 2026-08-30T05:18:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Lake | name = Harada Mburo | image = Canoe on Lake Mburo in Lake Mburo National Park.jpg | caption = Harada Mburo | location = Gobolka Ankole ee Uganda | max-depth = {{Convert|5|m|ft|abbr=off}} | depth = | agency = [[Uganda Wildlife Authority]] (UWA) | basin_countries = [[Uganda]] }} '''Harada Mburo''' waa haro biyo macaan leh oo ku taal galbeedka Uganda, iyadoo dhex taalla [[Lake Mburo National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Mburo]]. Waa astaamaha ugu caansan gobolka, waxaana lagu yaqaannaa quruxda muuqaalkeeda iyo kala-duwanaanshaheeda qaniga ah ee noolaha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Mburo National Park |url=https://www.lakemburo.com/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Lake Mburo National Park {{!}} Lake Mburo {{!}} wildlife tours |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607190140/https://www.lakemburo.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Juqraafiga iyo samaysanka == Harada Mburo waxay ku taal gobolka Ankole ee Uganda, una dhow magaalada Mbarara. Waa haro gacanyar ah oo dhererkeeda ugu sarreeya uu yahay qiyaastii {{Convert|5|m|ft|abbr=off}}. Haradu waxay ku fadhidaa aag qiyaastii ah 260 kiiloomitir oo laba jibaaran, waxaana ku hareereysan buuro raas ah, dhul daaqsimeed furan, iyo meelo geedo leh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LAKE MBURO: A PARK FOR DOMESTIC TOURIST {{!}} Uganda Tourism Board |url=https://utb.go.ug/news-and-views/lake-mburo-park-domestic-tourist |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=utb.go.ug |archive-date=2022-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725130844/https://www.utb.go.ug/news-and-views/lake-mburo-park-domestic-tourist |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxay qiyaastii {{Convert|19|mi|km|abbr=off}} dhanka bari ka xigtaa Mbarara, qiyaastii {{Convert|150|mi|km|abbr=off}} oo dhanka wadada ahna waxay dhanka galbeed ka xigtaa Kampala. Haradu waxay hoy u tahay duurjoogta kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan dameer-farowga (zebras), impalas, lo'da duurjoogta ah (buffaloes), twiga (giraffes), doofaarka duurka (warthogs), iyo in ka badan 300 oo nooc oo shimbiraha ah. Sidoo kale waa meel caan ku ah daawashada shimbiraha, kalluumaysiga, iyo raacista doonyaha. Harada waxaa markii hore loo aqoonsaday aag ugaarsiga laga xakameeyo sannadkii 1933, waxaana loo dallacsiiyay kaydka ugaarta sannadkii 1963. Waxaa ugu dambeyntii lagu dhawaaqay beerta qaranka sannadkii 1983. Beerta waxaa maamula [[Uganda Wildlife Authority]] (UWA).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=Uganda Wildlife Authority - UWA |url=https://ugandawildlife.org/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=ugandawildlife.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kala-duwanaanshaha noolaha == [[File:Laika ac Lake Mburu (6706052861).jpg|alt=Lake Mburo|thumb|Sawirka Harada Mburo]] Harada iyo nidaamka deegaanka ee ku xeeran waxay taageeraan noocyo kala duwan oo dhir iyo xayawaan ah. Harada Mburo waxay caan ku tahay tirada shimbiraheeda, iyadoo in ka badan 300 oo nooc oo shimbiraha ah laga diiwaan geliyay aagga. Noocyada naadirka ah sida African finfoot iyo shimbirta shoebill stork ayaa laga heli karaa halkan. Haradu waxay sidoo kale hoy u tahay jerta, yaxaska, iyo noocyo kala duwan oo kalluun ah, taas oo gacan ka geysata muhiimaddeeda deegaanka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Mburo National Park |url=https://www.lakemburoparkuganda.com/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Lake Mburo National Park |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah iyo muhiimadda dhaqanka == Harada Mburo waxaa ku hareereysan bulshooyin u badan qowmiyadda [[Banyankole]]. Bulshooyinkan waxay ku hawlan yihiin beerashada, kalluumaysiga, iyo xoolo-dhaqashada oo ah hawlahooda dhaqaale ee ugu weyn. Harada iyo kheyraadkeedu waxay muhiimad dhaqan iyo mid dhaqaale u leeyihiin dadka deegaanka, iyagoo qaabeeya caadooyinkooda iyo qaab-nololeedkooda.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} == Kalluumaysiga iyo hawlaha dhaqaalaha == Kalluumaysigu wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa nolol-maalmeedka bulshooyinka ku xeeran Harada Mburo. Kalluumaysatada maxalliga ah waxay ku tiirsan yihiin harada oo u ah il muhiim u ah masruufka iyo dakhliga. Noocyo kala duwan oo kalluun ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[tilapia]], [[lungfish]], mudfish, iyo [[catfish]], ayaa laga helaa harada. Hababka kalluumaysiga waxay isugu jiraan farsamooyin dhaqameed oo la isticmaalo shabaqyada iyo jillaabyada ilaa hawlgallo ganacsi oo cabbirkiisu yar yahay.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} == Madadaalada iyo dalxiiska == [[File:Hipopótamo común (Hippopotamus amphibius), parque nacional del Lago Mburo, Uganda, 2024-02-01, DD 27.jpg|alt=Sawirka jerta ee Harada Mburo|thumb|Sawirka jerta ee Harada Mburo|210x210px]] Harada Mburo waxay soo jiidataa booqdayaal ka kala yimaada daafaha dunida kuwaas oo u yimaada inay sahamiyaan quruxdeeda dabiiciga ah iyo duurjoogteeda. Haradu waxay oferaa hawlo madadaalo oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan safarrada doonyaha (boat safaris), kalluumaysiga isboortiga, iyo socodka dabiiciga ah ee haggaha leh ([[Nature walk|nature walks]]). Hawlahani waxay fursad u siiyaan dalxiisayaasha inay u bogaan hareeraha quruxda badan dabiiciga ah iyo inay u kuur-galaan duurjoogta kala duwan ee ku nool aagga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-04 |title=Lake Mburo |url=https://ugandawildlife.org/national-parks/lake-mburo/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=ugandawildlife.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dhowrista iyo caqabadaha == Harada Mburo iyo nidaamka deegaanka ee ku xeeran waxay wajahayaan caqabado dhowris oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan luminta deegaanka dabiiciga ah, iskahorimaadyada dhexmara aadanaha iyo duurjoogta, iyo [[poaching|ugaarsiga sharciga darro ah]]. Dadaallo ayaa loo samaynayaa si wax looga qabto arrimahan iyadoo loo marayo hindisayaal ay ka mid yihiin la-macaamilka bulshada, waxbarashada, iyo fulinta sharciga. Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Mburo waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa ilaalinta harada iyo kala-duwanaanshaheeda [[biodiversity|noolaha]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} == Eeg barnaamijyada kale == * [[Banyankole]] * [[Lake Wamala]] * [[Lake Kachera]] * [[Lake Nakivale]] == Tixraacyo == <references /> {{coord|0|39|29|S|30|56|00|E|display=title|region:UG_type:waterbody}} 60vw3a99cuoa3mdlnl8q49yt5ywev19 0 48319 306159 300485 2026-08-30T03:53:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306159 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edmund Yakani''' waa u ololeeye bulshada rayidka ah oo u dhashay [[South Sudan]] isla markaana ah [[Human rights defender|u doode xuquuqda aadanaha]]. Waa Agaasimaha Fulinta ee Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO), oo ah urur fadhigiisu yahay [[Juba]], [[South Sudan]], kana shaqeeya arrimaha nabad-dhisidda, [[human rights|xuquuqda aadanaha]], iyo maamul dimuqraadi ah. Waxa uu caan ku yahay doorkiisa ku aaddan hindisayaasha bulshada rayidka intii lagu jiray iyo ka dib dagaalkii sokeeye ee Koonfurta Suudaan. == Noloshii hore iyo waxbarashada == Yakani wuxuu cilmiga siyaasadda iyo sharciga ku bartay [[University of Juba]]. Waxa kale oo uu haystaa dibloomo ku saabsan daraasaadka jinsiga iyo kaaliyaha sharciga (paralegal studies). Kahor inta uusan noqon u ololeeye waqti-buuxa ah, wuxuu ka shaqayn jiray cilmi-baaris iyo u doodista siyaasadaha la xiriira maamulka, ku dhaqanka sharciga, iyo dib-u-habaynta waaxda amniga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Edmund Yakani Berizilious |url=https://cepo-southsudan.org/team/mr-edmund-yakani-berizilious |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization}}</ref> == Shaqada iyo u ololeynta == Yakani wuxuu door muuqda ka qaatay bulshada rayidka ee Koonfurta Suudaan, gaar ahaan intii lagu jiray wada-hadalladii nabadda iyo dadaalladii dib-u-dhiska dalka dagaalka ka dib. Isagoo ah Agaasimaha Fulinta ee CEPO,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO) |url=https://uncaccoalition.org/anti-corruption-platforms/africa/south-sudan/community-empowerment-for-progress-organization/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=UNCAC Coalition |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806082952/https://uncaccoalition.org/anti-corruption-platforms/africa/south-sudan/community-empowerment-for-progress-organization/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wuxuu ka qayb qaatay wada-hadallada qaran, kormeerka doorashooyinka, doodaha ku saabsan caddaaladda ku-meel-gaarka ah, iyo u doodista maamul loo dhan yahay.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=March 8, 2024 |title=CEPO's Yakani embarks on global lobby for peaceful transition in South Sudan |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/cepos-yakani-embarks-on-global-lobby-for-peaceful-transition-in-south-sudan |access-date=June 28, 2025 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Team |url=https://cepo-southsudan.org/team |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization}}</ref> Waxa kale oo uu ka soo shaqeeyay madallo goboleed oo bulshada rayidka ah, waxaana sannadkii 2023 loo doortay Madaxweynaha Golaha Ururrada Bulshada Rayidka ee Bariga Afrika (EACSOF). Yakani wuxuu si joogto ah uga qayb qaatay hawlaha u doodista heer qaran iyo heer caalami, isagoo la shaqeeyay dejiyeyaasha siyaasadda iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee arrimaha saameeya Koonfurta Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2023-05-05 |title=Edmund Yakani named new EAC Civil Society leader |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/edmund-yakani-elected-head-of-eac-civil-society/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-05-09 |title=CEPO's Yakani elected president of regional civil society forum |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/cepos-yakani-elected-president-of-regional-civil-society-forum |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref> Sannadkii 2024, Yakani wuxuu booqday [[Washington, D.C.]], halkaas oo uu kula kulmay saraakiil ka tirsan dowladda Mareykanka, ururrada bulshada rayidka ah, iyo hay'ado caalami ah si uu ugu ololeeyo isbeddel dimuqraadi ah iyo ixtiraamka xuquuqda aadanaha ee Koonfurta Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-03-07 |title=Civil society leader Yakani in Washington to advocate for democratic transition |url=https://www.sudanspost.com/south-sudan-civil-society-leader-yakani-in-washington-to-advocate-for-democratic-transition/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Sudans Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Mararka qaar, hawlaha u ololeynta ee Yakani waxay keeneen hanjabaado. Wuxuu si cad u sheegay inuu helay hanjabaado dil iyo inuu bartilmaameed u noqday dhaleeceyntiisa ku wajahan siyaasiyiinta Koonfurta Suudaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu sii waday inuu si cad uga hadlo arrimaha xuquuqda aadanaha, bannaanka bulshada rayidka, iyo isla xisaabtanka dowladda.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-02-14 |title=South Sudanese human rights defender Edmund Yakani Receives Death Threats |url=https://crd.org/2020/02/14/south-sudanese-hrd-edmund-yakani-receives-death-threats/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Civil Rights Defenders |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2024-07-05 |title=Yakani reports receiving death threats over NSS bill comments |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/yakani-reports-receiving-death-threats-over-nss-bill-comments/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abaalmarinno iyo aqoonsi == Sannadkii 2017, wuxuu helay Abaalmarinta Civil Rights Defender of the Year oo ay bixiso hay'adda Civil Rights Defenders ee fadhigeedu yahay Stockholm.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-04-04 |title=Civil Rights Defender of the Year 2017 – Edmund Yakani |url=https://crd.org/2017/04/04/civil-rights-defender-of-the-year-award-2017-edmund-yakani/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Civil Rights Defenders |language=en-US}}</ref> Sannadkii 2022, waxaa lagu sharfay abaalmarin heer qaaradeed ah oo lagu aqoonsaday kaalintiisa nabad-dhisidda iyo u ololeynta bulshada rayidka ee Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grandolfo |first=Francesca |date=2020-05-31 |title=Human Rights Defender of the Month: Edmund Yakani |url=https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-edmund-yakani/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=DefendDefenders |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-01-24 |title=South Sudan civil society leader wins civil rights award |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudan-civil-society-leader-wins-civil-rights-award |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2022-11-05 |title=CEPO leader Edmund Yakani wins continental award |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/cepo-leader-edmund-yakani-wins-continental-award/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} p88j7ns3pt08nyv8mfhud1yas6impj1 0 48499 306187 302745 2026-08-30T11:36:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Steenbras''' waa webi yar oo ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, iyadoo ishiisu ay ku dhow dahay [[Grabouw]].<ref name="City of Cape Town 2011" /> Wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa buuraha Hottentots Holland iyo Kogelberg, wuxuuna ku shubmaa False Bay oo dhanka koonfureed ka xigta [[Gordon's Bay]]. Webiga waxaa laga dhisay labo biyo-xireen—Biyo-xireennada Sare iyo Hoose ee Steenbras—si biyo loogu qaybiyo magaalada Cape Town. Biyo-xireenka sare wuxuu sidoo kale u shaqeeyaa badd hifdinta biyaha ee [[Steenbras Power Station|nidaamka korontada biyaha ee kaydinta kor u rista ee Steenbras]], kaas oo kabis u ah korontada Cape Town xilliyada baahida ugu sarreysa ay jirto. [[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Buundada ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) ee ka kor dhalatay Webiga Steenbras]] ==Aagga ururinta biyaha iyo Haydaroolojiga== Aagga ugu weyn ee ururinta biyaha wuxuu leeyahay baaxad qiyaastii dhan 70&nbsp;km², iyadoo ay ku jiraan biyo-xireennadu, wuxuuna u dhaxeeyaa [[Hottentots Holland Mountains|Buuraha Hottentots Holland]] ee dhanka [[northwest|waqooyi-galbeed]] iyo [[Kogelberg]] ee dhanka koonfur-bari, kuwaas oo ka tirsan [[Cape Fold Belt]]. Dooxada kor uga xigta biyo-xireenka hoose waxay ahayd dooxe aad u ballaaran oo furan. Dhanka hoose ee biyo-xireenka, webigu wuxuu dhex maraa dooxe dhagaxaan ah oo dhinac kasta ka dhow, ilaa uu ka gaaro dhulka xeebta ah ee cidhiidhiga ah ee ku yaal xeebta bari ee [[False Bay]].<ref name="SAN 1016" /> Biyo-xireennada waxaa biyo u keena webiga weyn iyo sidoo kale toggag badan oo aan magac lahayn iyo khadadka qulqulka ee xilliyeedka ah.<ref name="City of Cape Town 2011" /> Dhererka durdurka weyn, oo ay ku jiraan biyo-xireennadu, waa qiyaastii 17&nbsp;km.<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /> [[geology|Jioolojiga]] aagga ururinta biyaha wuxuu u badan yahay [[quartzitic sandstone|dhagax-ciideed quartzitic ah]] oo leh lakabyo khafiif ah oo [[shale|dhagax-dhoobo]] iyo [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] ah oo ka tirsan [[Table Mountain Sandstone]].<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /> Jioolojigan wuxuu sameeyaa kaydka biyaha dhulka hoose ee Table Mountain Group, oo ah kayd dhagaxaan dillaacsan ah oo leh marinno biyo oo cakiran oo dhulka hoose ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa in dib-u-buuxinta farsamaysan ee ay maamusho magaaladu aysan suurtogal ka ahayn aaggan.<ref name="Circle of Blue 2018" /> Qulqulka celceliska muddada dheer ee aagga ururinta biyaha waxaa lagu qiyaasay 50 × 10⁶m³ sannadkii.<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qulqulka waxaa si weyn u beddelay biyo-xireennada. Sida laga soo xigtay daraasad ay sameysay Waaxda Biyaha iyo Fayadhawrka ee sannadkii 2009, qulqulka ka soo baxa goobta Kaydka Biyaha Deegaanka (EWR) bishii Luulyo 2009 wuxuu ahaa 0.42 m³/s, taas oo la mid ah celceliska maanta ee bishaas (0.41 m³/s) laakiin ku dhowaad labanlaab ka badan 0.26 m³/s ee laga filayay xaaladaha dabiiciga ah ee aan biyo-xireenka lahayn.<ref name="DWS 2009" /> Inta badan aagga ururinta biyaha wuxuu ku dhex yaal xuduudaha [[City of Cape Town|Magaalada Cape Town]].<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /> Celceliska roobka sannadlaha ah ee laga diiwangeliyay biyo-xireenka mid u dhaxeeyay 1963 iyo 1981 wuxuu ahaa 984&nbsp;mm, laakiin wuu ka sarreeyaa qaybaha sare ee aagga ururinta biyaha, isagoo gaaraya ilaa 2,000&nbsp;mm sannadkii. ===Afka webiga (Estuary)=== Afka webigu waa dooxe yar oo ka go'an marinka xeebta ee cidhiidhiga ah, wuxuuna leeyahay xeebo dhagaxaan dhow ah iyo xeebo quruurux ah oo ay mowjaduhu soo wareejiyeen oo dhanka berriga xiga. Mowjaduhu waxay soo gaaraan qaybta baddu saamayso ee webiga, taas oo wajahaysa ruxanka caanka ah ee koonfur-galbeed, taas oo ka dhigaysa xeeb leh ''tamar sare''.<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /> Shabakadda Uku-ku-fiirsashada Deegaanka ee Koonfur Afrika waxay sheegaysaa in afka Steenbras uu muujinayo xoogaa xaaluf deegaan ah oo dhexdhexaad ah wuxuuna leeyahay astaamo u dhow [[fjord]] yar marka loo eego afka webi ee caadiga ah.<ref name="SAEON 2025" /> ==Tayada biyaha== Biyuhu guud ahaan waa kuwo xoogaa aashito ah (acidic) wuxuuna midabkoodu dabiici ahaan u bunni yahay sababa la xiriira tannins-ka ka yimaada dhirta fynbos-ka.<ref name="City of Cape Town 2011" /> Waxay leeyihiin dhadhan fiican iyo waxyaabo adag oo dhex dillaacsan oo yar laakiin waxaa la daaweeyaa si loo dhex-dhexaadiyo pH-ka loona saaro midabka, qayb ahaan sababo bilicda ah iyo qayb ahaan si loo yareeyo daxalka dhuumaha.<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /><ref name="Brown and Magoba 2009 part 1" /><ref name="City of Cape Town 2011" /> Inkastoo aashitada dabiiciga ah iyo midabka ay jiraan, aagga ururinta biyaha wuxuu haysataa heer caafimaad webi oo sarreeya (Class A). La-socodka deegaanka ayaa xaqiijiyay joogitaanka makhluuqaad xasaasi ah, sida kaneecada baalalka leh ee net-winged midges (Blephariceridae), oo haysa dhibcaha ugu sarreeya ee Nidaamka Dhibcaha Koonfur Afrika (SASS) oo ah 15, taas oo muujinaysa tayo biyo oo aad u sarreysa.<ref name="Umvoto 2021" /> ==Deegaanka== Kaydka Deegaanka ee Steenbras wuxuu daboolayaa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah aagga ururinta biyaha.<ref name="Steenbras nature reserve" /> Noocyada dhirta berriga ee laga diiwangeliyay qaybaha hoose waxaa ka mid ah kaymo webiyeed, fynbos-ka buuraha qoyan, geed-gaabyada webiyeed, iyo fynbos-ka buuraha ee engegan.<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /> [[Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos]] ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa aagga ururinta biyaha.<ref name="Brown and Magoba 2009 part 1" /> Aagga hareeraha webiga waxaa ku jira noocyo ay ka mid yihiin palmiet (''[[Prionium serratum]]''), ''Pennisetum macrourum'', ''Juncus effusus'', ''Juncus lomatophyllus'', ''Erica caffra'', ''Calopsis paniculata'', ''Elegia capensis'', ''Blechnum capense'', iyo ''Todea barbara''. Nooca ugu caansan ee aan cidhifka kaliya ku koobnayn waa Cape myrtle (''Metrosideros angustifolia''). Warbixin sannadkii 2009 soo baxday ayaa xustay in inkastoo aagga hareeraha webiga uu leeyahay kala duwanaansho wanaagsan oo noocyada ah, haddana baaxaddiisa sare iyo tiradiisa hoos ayay u dhacday, qayb ahaan sababo la xiriira saamaynta biyo-xireennada iyo isbeddelka nidaamka fatahaadda.<ref name="DWS 2009" /><ref name="iNat" /> ==Waddooyinka== Waddada weyn ee xeebta ee gobolka ee [[R44 (South Africa)|R44]] oo ka timaada Gordon's Bay ilaa Hermanus waxay webiga ka gooysaa qiyaastii 200&nbsp;m u jirta afka webiga dhanka berriga.<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /> Waddada weyn ee qaranka ee [[N2 (South Africa)|N2]] waxay webiga ka gooysaa dhowr kilomitir dhanka bari ee [[Sir Lowry's Pass]]. ==Taariikh== Injineerka la-talinta ah Thomas Stewart ayaa markii ugu horreysay baaray goobaha suurtogalka ah ee biyo-xireenka laga dhisayo ee Webiga Steenbras dabayaaqadii 1890-meeyadii, si uu u noqdo il biyo oo suurtogal ah oo ay isticmaalaan degmooyinka Mowbray iyo Rondebosch.<ref name="WRC 2015" /> Webiga waxaa markii ugu horreysay ka talaabay sahamiyayaal Yurubiyan ah oo ka yimid fariisinkii Cape qiyaastii bartamihii qarnigii 17-aad. Magiciisii hore ee Dutch-ka wuxuu ahaa ''Steenbrazans rivier'', waxaana loo malaynayaa in loogu magac daray kalluunka red steenbras (''[[Petrus rupestris]]''), kaas oo laga dambaysan karay xeebta dhagaxaan ah ee u dhow afka webiga.<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /> Webiga waxaa laga dhisay biyo-xireen horraantii qarnigii 20-aad si uu biyo ugu keeno Cape Town. [[Steenbras Dam|Biyo-xireenka Steenbras]] waxaa la dhammaystiray 1921 iyadoo awooddiisa asalka ahayd ay ahayd 2.9 × 10⁶m³. Darbiga biyo-xireenka ayaa markii dambe kor loo qaaday 1928 iyo 1952, taas oo kordhisay awoodda ilaa 34.3 × 10⁶m³.<ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" /><ref name="WRC 2015" /> Sannadkii 1977, [[Steenbras Upper Dam|Biyo-xireenka Sare ee Steenbras]] ayaa laga dhisay si toos ah qaybta sare. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[Steenbras Power Station|nidaamka korontada biyaha ee kaydinta kor u rista ee Steenbras]], kaas oo kabis u ah korontada Cape Town xilliyada baahida ugu sarreysa ay jirto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dams |url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Water/Pages/Dams.aspx |website = www.capetown.gov.za |access-date=2015-09-27 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928214954/https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Water/Pages/Dams.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Biyo-xireennadu waxay qayb ka yihiin [[Western Cape Water Supply System]] (WCWSS), oo ah nidaam isku xiran oo ka kooban lix biyo-xireen oo weyn, dhuumo, godad dhulka hoose ah, shabakadaha qaybinta, iyo dhowr biyo-xireen oo yaryar oo ku yaal [[Western Cape]]. Qaar waxaa iska leh oo maamula [[Department of Water Affairs and Sanitation|Waaxda Biyaha iyo Fayadhawrka]] halka kuwo kalena ay leedahay [[City of Cape Town|Magaalada Cape Town]].<ref name="Kasrils">[http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2003/03041609461001.htm Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town], accessed on 11 December 2009</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Brown and Magoba 2009 part 1" >{{cite report |url=https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/TT-376-08_Part%201.pdf |title=Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) |pages=1–178 |editor1-first=Cate |editor1-last=Brown |editor2-first=Rembu |editor2-last=Magoba |publisher=Water Research Commission |work=Project No: K5/1691 |date=2009 |first1=Tony |last1=Murray |first2=Cate |last2=Brown |first3=Evan |last3=Dollar |first4=Jenny |last4=Day |first5=Hans |last5=Beuster |first6=Candice |last6=Haskins |first7=Charlie |last7=Boucher |first8=Jane |last8=Turpie |first9=Julia |last9=Wood |first10=Martin |last10=Thompson |first11=Steve |last11=Lamberth |first12=Lara |last12=van Niekerk |first13=Dean |last13=Impson |first14=Rembu |last14=Magoba |first15=Chantel |last15=Petersen |first16=Denis |last16=Davey |first17=Mandy |last17=Noffke |first18=Rowena |last18=Hay |first19=Chris |last19=Hartnady |first20=Justine |last20=Ewart-Smith |first21=Marius |last21=Burger |first22=Emily |last22=Fairburn |first23=Geordie |last23=Ractliffe |first24=Liz |last24=Day |first25=Mike |last25=Luger |first26=Katy |last26=Lannas |first27=Tovhowani |last27=Ndiitwani-Nyamande }}</ref> <ref name="Heinecken et al 1982" >{{cite report |last1=Heinecken |first1=T.J.E. |last2=Bickerton |first2=I.B. |last3=Morant |first3=P.D. |date=1982 |title=Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series |editor1-last=Heydorn |editor1-first=A.E.F. |editor2-last=Grindley |editor2-first=J.R. |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research |location=Stellenbosch: CSIR. |work=CSIR Research report 411 |url=https://saeis.saeon.ac.za/Document/347 |via=saeis.saeon.ac.za }}</ref> <ref name="iNat" >{{cite web |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/check_lists/4350905-Steenbras-Gorge-Check-List |title=Steenbras Gorge Check List |website=iNaturalist |access-date=24 November 2023 }}</ref> <ref name="SAN 1016" >{{cite map |title=SAN 1016 - Valsbaai |publisher=SA Navy Hydrographic Office |location=Cape Town |date=1978 }}</ref> <ref name="Steenbras nature reserve" >{{cite web |url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/See-all-city-facilities/Our-recreational-facilities/Nature%20reserves/Steenbras%20Nature%20Reserve |title=Steenbras Nature Reserve |website=capetown.gov.za |access-date=24 November 2023 }}</ref> <ref name="City of Cape Town 2011">{{cite web |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Steenbras_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf |title=Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve |publisher=City of Cape Town |date=June 2011 |access-date=20 July 2025 |archive-date=25 Bisha Shanaad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525134701/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Steenbras_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="DWS 2009">{{cite web |url=https://www.dws.gov.za/iwrp/WC/Documents/Riverine%20Environmental/2.%20Appendix%204%20-%20Rapid%20Reserves%20Steenbras,%20Pombers,%20Kromme.pdf |title=Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers |publisher=Department of Water and Sanitation |date=2009 |access-date=20 July 2025 |work=Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape |archive-date=13 Bisha Labaad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213232801/https://www.dws.gov.za/iwrp/WC/Documents/Riverine%20Environmental/2.%20Appendix%204%20-%20Rapid%20Reserves%20Steenbras,%20Pombers,%20Kromme.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Circle of Blue 2018">{{cite web |last=Macknick |first=J. |date=18 September 2018 |title=Thirsty Cities Drill for Water |url=https://www.circleofblue.org/2018/world/thirsty-cities-drill-for-water/ |website=Circle of Blue |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref> <ref name="Umvoto 2021">{{cite web |title=Ecological monitoring at Steenbras |url=https://www.umvoto.com/ecological-monitoring-in-the-steenbras-catchment/ |publisher=Umvoto Africa |date=13 September 2021 |access-date=20 July 2025 |archive-date=12 Bisha Todobaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712073235/https://www.umvoto.com/ecological-monitoring-in-the-steenbras-catchment/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="WRC 2015">{{cite journal |url=https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/steenbras.pdf |title=Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water & power |journal=The Water Wheel |publisher=Water Research Commission |date=November 2015 |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref> <ref name="SAEON 2025">{{cite web |title=Steenbras |url=https://saeis.saeon.ac.za/Info/92 |website=South African Estuary Information System |publisher=South African Environmental Observation Network |year=2025 |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref> }} qztgjw2hpbj7i48i1cf861clg813qyu 0 48641 306185 301064 2026-08-30T10:50:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Volta Cad<br>''Volta blanche'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = White Volta in the Dry Season.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = White Volta xilliga abaaraha (Ghana) | map = Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG | map_size = 300px | map_caption = White Volta oo lagu muujiyay caddaan | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|885|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|10|00|N|1|15|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|117200|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Volta Cad''' ama '''Nakambé''' ([[Af Faransiis]]: ''Volta blanche'') waa [[River source|isha biyaha]] ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]], oo ah marin-biyoodka ugu weyn [[Gaana]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Webiyada iyo Harooyinka|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref><ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> White Volta waxay ka soo bilaabataa waqooyiga [[Burkina Faso]], waxay dhex martaa waqooyiga [[Gaana]] waxayna ku shubataa [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee Ghana.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyada]] ugu waaweyn ee White Volta waa [[Black Volta]] iyo [[Red Volta]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> Webigu wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii 640–885 km, taas oo ku xiran habka cabbiraadda ee la isticmaalo, wuxuuna bulaacada ka sameeyaa dhul ballaaran oo ka gudba xuduudaha oo ay inta badan wadaagaan Burkina Faso iyo Ghana.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Webiga Volta {{!}} Ghana, Khariidad, & Xaqiiqooyin {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Volta-River |access-date=2026-06-14 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Koorsada iyo bulaacada == White Volta waa mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]]. Waxay ka soo kacdaa [[Burkina Faso]] iyadoo loo yaqaan Nakanbé waxayna u [[Downspout|qulqushaa]] koonfurta ilaa waqooyiga [[Ghana]] si ay u samayso Harada Volta.<ref name="FAOVolta">{{cite web |title=Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.fao.org/4/w4347e/w4347e0u.htm |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> Bulaacada [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] waxay ka kooban tahay bulaacada webiga Volta iyo laamihiisa kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan White Volta, [[Black Volta]], Red Volta, [[Oti Region|Oti,]] iyo bulaacada hoose ee Lower Volta.<ref name="Barry2005">{{cite report |url=https://archive.iwmi.org/assessment/files_new/research_projects/river_basin_development_and_management/VoltaRiverBasin_Boubacar.pdf |title=Bulaacada Webiga Volta |last1=Barry |first1=Boubacar |last2=Obuobie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Andreini |first3=Marc |last4=Andah |first4=William |last5=Pluquet |first5=Marc |year=2005 |publisher=International Water Management Institute |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Bulaacada White Volta waxay ku fidsan tahay qaybo ka mid ah Burkina Faso iyo Ghana. Gudaha Ghana, White Volta waxay muhiim u tahay gobolka waqooyi ee dalka, halkaas oo ay bixiso fursado loogu talagalay nolosha miyiga iyada oo loo marayo beerashada dhul-fatahaadaha, waraabinta xoolaha, kalluumeysiga, iyo isticmaalka biyaha guriga.<ref name="Mohammed20132">{{cite journal |last1=Mohammed |first1=Asaah Sumaila |last2=Derbile |first2=Emmanuel Kanchebe |last3=Mordzeh-Ekpampo |first3=Musah Ibrahim |year=2013 |title=Bulaacada White Volta, Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Amniga Cunnada: Aragtiyaha Bulshooyinka Riparian ee Waqooyiga Ghana |url=https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55190b1b3d097.pdf |journal=Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=375–387 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Muhiimaddeedu waxay ku jirtaa inay tahay marin-biyoodka u xira [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] ee abaarta ah/qoyaanka leh inta kale ee nidaamka Volta. == Gacan-biyoodyada == White Volta waxay ka bilaabataa webiga lagu magacaabo Nakanbé ee Burkina Faso. Red Volta, ama Nazinon, iyo sidoo kale Sissili, waa laba ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee White Volta, waxayna sidoo kale ka soo jeedaan Burkina Faso.<ref name="Barry2005" /> Waxaa sidoo kale jira Black Volta, ama Mouhoun, kaas oo ah mid ka mid ah laamaha ugu waaweyn ee nidaamka Volta; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in si gooni ah looga fiirsadaa sida isha biyaha ee nidaamka oo dhan ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]].<ref name="Barry2005" /><ref name="FAOVolta" /> Nidaamka gacan-biyoodyada ee White Volta wuxuu muhiimad siiyaa webiga gobolka maadaama sahayda biyaha iyo suurtagalnimada [[Flood|fatahaadaha]] ee webiga ay ku xiran tahay tirada roobabka ee [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="WorldBank2014">{{cite web |date=1 October 2014 |title=Ghana: Xoojinta Maareynta Fatahaadaha ee Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/10/01/drmhubtokyo-country-program-ghana-strengthening-flood-management-in-volta-basin |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=2 Bisha Lixaad 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602165224/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/10/01/drmhubtokyo-country-program-ghana-strengthening-flood-management-in-volta-basin |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Saamaynta == White Volta waa il weyn oo biyo [[water|cabitaan]] u ah bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda iyo meelo ka fog marin-biyoodka. Waxa kale oo ay keentaa fatahaado xilliyeed oo ku dhaca bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Feejignaanta fatahaadaha ee Ghana|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-41067545|access-date=2021-09-23}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Commons category|White Volta}} {{Authority control}} fik23chzppyfy0gfzrdgrdx13nzxb33 0 48910 306186 301673 2026-08-30T11:21:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lureco | image = File:Ruvuma_River_basin_map_OSM.png | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Lureco oo ku yaal khariidadda xarunta Webiga Ruvuma, oo ka soo muuqda wax yar ka hooseeya calaamadda Lugenda | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Lugenda]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-12.447449|37.634900|type:river_region:MZ|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Mozambique]] | progression = | length = 57 km | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Webiga Ruvuma]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Lureco''', oo horay loogu yeeri jiray '''Rarico''' ama '''Rureco''',<ref name="othername">[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dicion%C3%A1rio_corogr%C3%A1fico_da_prov%C3%ADncia_d/qIs5AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=rarico Dicionário corográfico da província de Moçambique] (1919) (Af-Bortuqiis) (bogga 50 iyo 156 waxay xigtaan Rarico inuu yahay magaca kale ee Lureco)</ref><ref name="map1965">[https://store.usgs.gov/assets/MOD/StoreFiles/NGA/1501XSD3701_geo.pdf Khariidadda - Valadim, Mozambique 1501G SD37-1], Adeegga Khariidadda Ciidanka, Corps of Engineers (1965) (waxay webiga u qoraysaa Lureco iyadoo "Rureco" ku jirto xaraf yar iyo qaws)</ref> waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Waa mid ka mid ah wabiyaasha ugu muhiimsan ee [[Webiga Lugenda]], oo isaguna ah wabi ku shubma [[Webiga Ruvuma]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Degmada Marrupa]] ee [[Gobolka Niassa]], iyadoo inta badan dhererkiisu uu ku yaal gudaha [[Keydka Niassa]]. Webigu waa 57 km dhererkiisu wuxuuna leeyahay aag qabasho oo dhan 960 km oo laba jibbaaran. Qiyaastii 30% qaybaha sare ee aagga qabashada ayaa ku yaal meel ka baxsan [[Keydka Niassa]].<Ref name="catchment">Sociedade para a Gestão e Desenvolvimento da Reserva do Niassa, Moçambique. [https://biblioteca.biofund.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1611661682-2004_Wishart_Catchment%20Mgmt%20Appproach_NNR_compressed.pdf A Catchment Based Approach to the Conservation of Rivers and Management of the Niassa Reserve], bogga 80 (2004)</ref> Sahankan la sameeyay 2004 ee wabiyaasha Keydka Niassa ayaa sheegaya in aagga qabashada wabiga ay inta badan ku badan yihiin geedo [[miombo]] ah (60%) iyo qaybta soo hartay oo ay ku jiraan geedo [[Dry miombo woodlands|savanna miombo qallalan]] (10%).<Ref name="catchment"/> Meel u dhow isgoyska Lugenda, waxaa jira tiro badan oo maroodi ah. Sahanku wuxuu soo sheegayaa laba degsiimo oo ku yaal aagga qabashada wabiga, Mpamanda iyo Mucovia.<Ref name="catchment"/> Intii lagu jiray [[Bortuqaal Mozambique|xilligii gumaysiga Bortuqiiska]], sahamin reer Yurub ah — oo u shaqaynayay wakiil ka ahaa [[Shirkadda Niassa|Shirkadda Nyassa]] — ayaa dahab ka helay sariirta webiga ee bacaadka leh waxayna ugu yeereen webiga "Rarico".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GLYtAAAAYAAJ&dq=Rarico+River&pg=PA138|title=Portuguese Nyassaland: An Account of the Discovery, Native Population, Agricultural and Mineral Resources, and Present Administration of the Territory of the Nyassa Company, with a Review of the Portuguese Rule on the East Coast of Africa|last1=Worsfold|first1=William Basil|last2=Edgcumbe|first2=Sir Edward Robert Pearce|date=1899|publisher=S. Low, Marston, Limited|language=en}}</ref><ref name="gold2">[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Handbook_of_the_Nyassa_Company/8RtFAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA33&printsec=frontcover Handbook of the Nyassa Company], bogga 33 (1898) ("Rarico, webiga magaca degmada siiya, waa kan ugu qanisan wabiyaasha Lugenda.")</ref> Waxqabadka macdanta dahabka ee miisaanka yar ayaa weli la soo sheegaa inay ka dhacaan meel u dhow wabiga.<ref name="gold2007">[https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/6673/1/Revised_abstract081206.pdf Bingen abtract untitled] (2007)("Qodista dahabka ee yar ayaa laga soo sheegay wabiyaal dhowr ah meelo kale: Rio Chimulicamuli, Rioo Lugenda, Rio Lureco.")</ref> Sannadkii 2024, [[kalluun badan]] ayaa ku dhintay wabiga, taas oo looga shakisan yahay inay sababtay kalluumaysato deegaanka ah oo sumaysay kalluunka si ay u ururiyaan oo u iibiyaan.<Ref name="fishkill"> (11 Sebteembar 2024). [https://www.tvm.co.mz/novosite/2024/09/11/crime-ambiental-no-niassa-detidos-dois-suspeitos-de-envenenar-as-aguas-do-rio-lureco/ Crime ambiental no Niassa:Detidos dois suspeitos de envenenar as águas do rio Lureco] {{Wayback|url=https://www.tvm.co.mz/novosite/2024/09/11/crime-ambiental-no-niassa-detidos-dois-suspeitos-de-envenenar-as-aguas-do-rio-lureco/ |date=20260714142403 }}, ''[[Televisão de Moçambique]]'' (Af-Bortuqiis) </ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|2}} 1uws0i3gflriy3pxvyabv9207z3jk9l 0 48982 306180 303335 2026-08-30T09:37:05Z Abdalablack 46976 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306992847|Shibis, Mogadishu]]" 306180 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Degmada Shibis''' waa mid ka mid ah xaafadaha ku yaalla gobolka Banaadir ee Soomaaliya, gaar ahaan magaalada Muqdisho. Shibis waxaa lagu tiriyaa deegaannada ugu da'da weyn magaalada Muqdisho. Xaafaddu waxay xuduud la leedahay '''Kaaraan''', '''Yaaqshiid''', '''Boondheere''' iyo '''Cabdicasiis'''. Shibis waxay ka mid tahay xaafadaha taariikhiga ah ee Muqdisho, waxaana muddo dheer ka jiray degaan iyo nolol bulsho oo firfircoon. '''Goobaha caanka ah ee Shibis''' waxaa ka mid ah xarunta dhexe ee '''Hay’adda Sirdoonka Qaranka (NSS)''', '''Safaaradda Sacuudi Carabiya''', iyo gurigii uu lahaa madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, '''Siaad Barre'''. Waxaa sidoo kale ka mid ah '''Global Hotel''' iyo goobo kale. Degmada Shibis waxay u qaybsantaa 4 waaxood oo kala ah Sakhaawaddiin, Axmed Gurey, Calasow Dheere iyo Xalane. Degmadu waxay leedahay Astaan iyo Calan u gaar ah. Astaanteedu waa dhisme masjid oo qaddiimi ah kaas oo muujiayana in degmadu utahay degmo qaddiimi ah. midabbada calanka degmadu waa gaduud iyo buluug. b7n3af41m7fngwtjw5wyn4n3ogsxwq6 306181 306180 2026-08-30T09:37:33Z Quinlan83 28506 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Abdalablack|Abdalablack]] ([[User talk:Abdalablack|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 301845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Shibis | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Shibis District.png | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map =Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Banaadir]] | subdivision_type2 = Caasimada | subdivision_name2 = [[Muqdisho]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Degmada | leader_name = [[Boos bannaan oo ku-meel-gaar ah|Bannaan]] | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 67 | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 947800 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates ={{coord|2.049722|45.262222|region:SO|display=it}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Shibis District''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Shibis ) waa Degmada ugu yar ee dhaca Koonfur-bari ee gobolka [[Banaadir]]. Mid ka mid ah deegaanada ugu qadiimsan magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ayaa waxaa xuduud la leh [[Kaaraan]], [[Yaaqshiid]] [[Boondheere]] iyo [[Cabdicasiis]]. Goobaha caanka ah ee Shibis waxaa ka mid ah Xarunta Nabadsugida Qaranka (NiSa) , Safaaradda [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] iyo Gurigii uu ka geeriyooday Hogaamiyihii Milateriga ahaa ee [[Siyaad Barre]], Hotel Global iyo kuwo kale. ==Tixraac== [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html Degmooyinka Soomaaliya] [http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120220_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Banadir_Shibis_A3.pdf Khariidadda maamulka degmada Shibis] 2fjtx98s3fhhrk155xrlr2f2loro1xm 0 49328 306153 302415 2026-08-30T00:23:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsteil |Town = [[Cuxhaven]] |coordinates = {{coord|53|48|57|N|08|39|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_coa = Wapen_Olenwoold.jpg |state= |elevation= |area=25.03 |population=6158 |Stand=2017 |postal_code=27478 |area_code=04723 |image_plan=Olenwoold_in_de_Gemeen_Cuxhoben.svg |plantext=Goobta magaalada Cuxhaven |district = Cuxhaven |image_photo= |image_caption= }} '''Altenwalde''' waa tuulo ka tirsan magaalada [[Cuxhaven]] ee [[Lower Saxony]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cuxhaven-tours.de/kurteil-altenwalde.html | title=Altenwalde | work=Cuxhaven.de | accessdate=8 January 2019 | archive-date=9 Bisha Koobaad 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109062151/https://www.cuxhaven-tours.de/kurteil-altenwalde.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Altenwalde waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1282 iyada oo loo yaqaanay Wolde. 1 Luulyo 1972, Altenwalde waxaa lagu daray [[Cuxhaven]]. ==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah== *[[Saint-Avé]], Faransiiska ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{stack|{{Commons}}}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Altenwalde}} 415e3nrb0u5lm1a2gtihbsajdy0vz9h 0 49692 306154 303450 2026-08-30T01:13:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Basberg.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|17|43|N|6|36|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Basberg in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Gerolstein |elevation = 449 |area = 2.32 |postal_code = 54578 |area_code = 06593 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 002 |divisions = |website = [http://www.basberg.de/ www.basberg.de] |mayor = Franz-Josef Diederichs<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Basberg''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – [[Municipalities of Germany|munisipaliteot]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah seero wadaagga munisipaliteotka – ku yaal degmada [[Vulkaneifel]] ee Rheinland-Pfalz, Jarmalka. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Gerolstein (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Gerolstein]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Gerolstein|magaalada magaca la wadaagta]]. == Juqraafiga == Munisipaliteotku wuxuu ku yaallaa cagta Katzenberg (goob dhowran) oo koonfur ka xigta [[Lissendorf]] ee [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo loo yaqaanno taariikhdeeda foolkaanada, muuqaalkeeda juqraafiyeed iyo dhul-xisaabeed, iyo xitaa hawlaha ka socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaasaska mararka qaarkood dhulka ka soo burqada. == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 1491, Basberg waxay heshay xusaadeeda dokumanti ee ugu horreysay. Dhanka dhamaadka [[Middle Ages|Awaamiirta Dhexe]], Basberg waxay ka tirsanayd qoyska tirada badnaa ee Manderscheid-Blankenheim. Sannadkii 1491, milkiilihii dhulka ee markaas Count Johann von Manderscheid-Blankenheim wuxuu sii siiyay Wilhelm von Daun dhulal iyo hanti ku taalla Basberg. Hantideeda kale dhexdeeda, [[Prüm Abbey]] waxay sidoo kale ku lahayd hanti tuuladan oo ku taalla [[Eifel]]. Markii Basberg ay gashay maamulka [[Prussia|Pruushiya]] ee qarnigii 19aad, waxay ka tirsanayd ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Duqnimada”) ee [[Lissendorf]]. 7 Nofembar 1970, qayb ka mid ah munisipaliteotka Basberg oo leh 55 dadka ku nool ayaa loo wareejiyay [[Steffeln]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha munisipaliteotka === Golahu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, oo lagu dooraday [[Plurality voting system|codka aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii munisipaliteotka ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo guddoomiye ah.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2330300200.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo booqashada == === Dhismayaasha === * Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Kiniisadda]] [[Saint Eligius]] – kaniisad laan ah oo ku taalla Lissendorfer Straße 3, ah kaniisad yar oo [[Classicism|Aasaasiga ah]] [[aisleless church|aan lahayn jid-sare]] oo ka soo jeedda 1846. * Am Katzenberg 7 – qarnigii 19aad. * Aueler Straße 5/7 – guri mar ka tirsanaan jiray dhismaha hantida; wuxuu noqon karaa mid ka soo jeeda bartamihii qarnigii 18aad; lagu ballaariyay qarnigii 20aad ee horraantiisa. * Oberbettinger Straße 4 – dhismaha hantida ee weyn oo leh dhismayaal dhowr ah oo ku hareereysan yard. * Iskutallaabta jidka – woqooyiga tuulada oo ku taalla jidka dhulka, ee lagu dhisay dhagaxa bacaadka, ka soo jeeda 1693.<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> === Kooxaha === * ''Tischtennisverein Basberg e.V.'' (kubbadda miiska) * ''Karnevalsverein Siesta Bande e.V.'' ([[carnival society|bulshada karnaval-ka]] ama [[Swabian-Alemannic-Fastnacht|Fastnacht]]) * Dambaan-demiska mutadawiciinta ah ee Basberg * ''1. Junggesellenverein Basberg'' (kooxda adeegga dhallinyarada) === Matalaadaha joogtada ah === * ''Schutzhüttenfest'' (“Munaasabadda Hooyga Buurta”) ee dhammaadka toddobaadka ugu horreeya ee Juun * [[kermis|''Kirmes'']] ee Oktoobar * Sannad walba kan kale marxaladda Rally Oberehe ayaa lagu qabtaa Basberg. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.basberg.de/ Mareegta rasmiga ah ee munisipaliteotka] {{Wayback|url=http://www.basberg.de/ |date=20150801023635 }} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} flumz0efbywfa9ggclgnsixltwts779 0 50844 306162 305818 2026-08-30T04:27:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Rathaus, Gartz.JPG |image_caption = Xarunta magaalada |image_coa = DEU Gartz (Oder) COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|12|N|14|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gartz (Oder) in UM.png |state = |district = Uckermark |Amt = Gartz (Oder) |elevation = 6 |area = 61.89 |postal_code = 16307 |area_code = 03332 |licence = UM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 73 189 |website = [https://www.gartz.de/ www.gartz.de] |mayor = [[Luca Piwodda]] ([[Party of Progress (Germany)|PdF]]) |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Gartz''' ({{IPA|de|ɡaʁts|-|De-Gartz.ogg}}) waa [[border town|magaalada xadka]] ee ku taal degmada [[Uckermark]] ee gobolka [[Brandenburg]], waqooyi-bari ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal banka galbeed ee [[Oder River]], oo xuduud la leh dalka [[Poland]], qiyaastii {{convert|20|km|mi|0}} koonfur ka xigta [[Szczecin]], Poland. Waxay ku taal gobolka taariikhiga ah ee [[Western Pomerania]]. ==Taariikh== [[File:Mury miejskie - panoramio - 7alaskan.jpg|thumb|left|Darbiyada magaalada dhexe ee la ilaaliyo]] Jiritaanka magaalada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyay 1124, markaas oo ay qayb ka ahayd [[Duchy of Pomerania]], oo ay qabsatay amiirkii Polish [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]]. Kadib waxaa booqday [[Otto of Bamberg]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Kratz|first=Gustav|year=1865|title=Die Städte der Provinz Pommern. Abriss ihrer Geschichte, zumeist nach Urkunden|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ldgAAAAAcAAJ|location=Berlin|language=de|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ldgAAAAAcAAJ/page/145 145]}}</ref> oo uu mas'uul ka ahaa Bolesław III Wrymouth [[Christianization of Pomerania|Masiixiyeynta Reer Galbeedka Pomerania]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Medley|first=D. J.|year=2004|title=The church and the empire|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|page=152}}</ref> Magaca magaalada wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Polabian language|Old-Polabian]] erayga *{{lang|pox|gardec}} < *gordьcь, oo macnaheedu yahay "deegaan yar oo la xoojiyay". Ka dib [[fragmentation of Poland|kala qaybsanaanta Poland]] 1138 waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Duchy of Pomerania]] oo gooni ah, taas oo 1127 ku dhacday madax-bannaanida [[Holy Roman Empire|Boqortooyada Roomaanka ee Quduuska ah]]. Sannadkii 1236, qalcadda waxay ahayd fadhiga [[castellan|maamulaha]] Slawga ah ee deegaanka.<ref name=gar>{{cite web|url=https://www.gartz.de/verzeichnis/visitenkarte.php?mandat=18265|title=Gartz (Oder)|access-date=19 September 2020|language=de}}</ref> Sannadkii 1249 Gartz waxaa la siiyay [[town privileges|xuquuqda magaalada]] by [[Dukes of Pomerania|Duke]] [[Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania|Barnim I the Good]]. Sababtoo ah goobteeda istiraatiijiga ah ee webiga, magaalada waxay si joogto ah u nugulayd intii lagu guda jiray ololaha militariga. Sannadkii 1284, waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka Pomerania ee dammaanad qaaday heshiiska nabadda ee u dhexeeya Duchy of Pomerania iyo [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]].<ref>Kratz, p. 147</ref> Waxaa la siiyay dhawr [[privilege (law)|xuquuqo]] oo ay bixiyeen amiirrada Pomerania tobanaankii sano ee xigay.<ref>Kratz, p. 147-148</ref> Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka dhaxalka Pomerania, 1468, magaalada waxay furtay iridaha ay u leedahay Brandenburgians, taas oo laga qaaday magaalooyinka kale ee Pomerania inay tahay fal khiyaano ah.<ref name=gk150>Kratz, p. 150</ref> Sannadkii 1473, Duchy of Pomerania waxay samaysay isku day guul-darreysstay oo ay ku soo ceshatay magaalada, si kastaba ha ahaatee 1477, iyada oo gacan ka heleysa magaalooyinka [[Stargard]] iyo [[Szczecin]], Gartz ayaa ugu dambeyntii dib loo qabsaday, taas oo lagu xaqiijiyay heshiis nabadeed oo xigay.<ref name=gk150/> Sannadkii 1502, [[Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania]] wuxuu ku noolaa magaalada ku-meel-gaar ah.<ref name=gk150/> Magaalada waxaa lagu burburiyay [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]], [[Deluge (history)|Dagaalkii Poland iyo Iswidishka]] iyo [[Great Northern War|Dagaalkii Weeyn ee Waqooyiga]] qarnigii 17aad-18aad. Laga soo bilaabo 1648 ilaa 1720 waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Swedish Pomerania]], 1720 waxaa qabsaday [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], iyo laga bilaabo 1871 waxay samaysay qayb ka mid ah [[German Empire]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1720 ilaa 1945, Gartz waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)|Gobolka Pomerania]]. Marxaladihii ugu dambeeyay ee [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], 1945, magaalada si xun ayaa loo burburiyay.<ref name=gar/> Tan iyo markii [[Oder-Neisse line]] la sameeyay xadka Jarmalka iyo Poland ka dib guuldarradii [[Nazi Germany]] ee dagaalka 1945, Gartz hadda waa [[border town|magaalada xadka]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952, waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 ee [[Bezirk Frankfurt]] ee [[East Germany]] iyo laga bilaabo 1990 ee [[Brandenburg]]. Ka dib [[fall of communism|dhicitaankii shuuciyadda]] ee Bartamaha Yurub iyo [[German reunification|midowgii Jarmalka]], 1990 Gartz waxay gashay iskaashi lala yeeshay magaalada dhow ee Polish ee [[Gryfino]] oo ah magaaladeeda mataanaha ah, iyo 1998 safarrada webiga ee u dhexeeya magaalooyinka ayaa la bilaabay.<ref name=gar/> Sannadkii 1990, magaalada waxaa loo qoondeeyay gobolka [[Brandenburg]],<ref name=gar/> inkasta oo ay si taariikhiga ah uga tirsanayd [[Pomerania]]. Sannadkii 1993, mashruuc dugsi oo Polish-Jarmal ah ayaa laga aas-aasay dugsiga deegaanka.<ref name=gar/> Magaalada waxaa saameeyay [[1997 Central European flood]].<ref name=gar/> Dad badan oo [[Polish people|Reer Poland ah]] ayaa u guuray Gartz, iyo laga bilaabo 2014, 32 ka mid ah 62 carruur ah oo ku sugan xanaaneedka deegaanka waxay lahaayeen waalidiin aan Jarmal ahayn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuzug in die Uckermark, Hurra, die Polen kommen! |url=http://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/umland/hurra-die-polen-kommen |access-date=2026-08-15 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026033957/https://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/umland/hurra-die-polen-kommen |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Juqraafi== Wadiiqada webiga waxaa ku taal aag warshadeed oo ka tirsan magaalada Polish ee [[Gryfino]]. Gartz waa qayb ka mid ah [[Lower Oder Valley National Park]]. ;Magaalooyinka u dhow Gartz * [[Szczecin]] Magaalada ([[Poland]]) * [[Penkun]] ([[Germany|Jarmalka]]) * [[Schwedt]] ([[Germany|Jarmalka]]) * [[Gryfino]] ([[Poland]]) ==Dadweynaha== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Gartz_(Oder).pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 ee ku dhex jira xuduudaha hadda jira (Xariiqda buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariiqda dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawliga ah: Waqtigii xukunka Nazi; Asalka gaduudan: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {| class="wikitable" style="float:right" |+Degganeyaasha iyadoo la eegayo dalka ay ku dhasheen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/germany-birth-2022/brandenburg.htm|title=Germany's population by country of birth 2022|access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> |- ! Dhalashada !! Dadweynaha<br>(2022) !! |- |{{flag|Germany}}||2,005||84.9% |- |{{flag|Poland}}||296||12.5% |- |{{flag|Ukraine}}||14||0.59% |} {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Gartz (Oder): Horumarka dadweynaha <br>ee xuduudaha hadda jira (2020)<ref>Isha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 6440 | 1890 | 5877 | 1910 | 5369 | 1925 | 4830 | 1933 | 4998 | 1939 | 5231 | 1946 | 5430 | 1950 | 5381 | 1964 | 4045 | 1971 | 3699 | 1981 | 3013 | 1985 | 2943 | 1989 | 2835 | 1990 | 2806 | 1991 | 2747 | 1992 | 2668 | 1993 | 2652 | 1994 | 2673 | 1995 | 2714 | 1996 | 2711 | 1997 | 2730 | 1998 | 2754 | 1999 | 2725 | 2000 | 2730 | 2001 | 2703 | 2002 | 2669 | 2003 | 2654 | 2004 | 2647 | 2005 | 2588 | 2006 | 2521 | 2007 | 2505 | 2008 | 2492 | 2009 | 2470 | 2010 | 2477 | 2011 | 2461 | 2012 | 2438 | 2013 | 2470 | 2014 | 2482 | 2015 | 2478 | 2016 | 2515 | 2017 | 2550 | 2018 | 2550 | 2019 | 2508 | 2020 | 2524 }} ==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah== Gartz waxay [[Twin towns and sister cities|mataano]] la tahay: *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Gryfino]], [[Poland]]<ref name=gar/> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category-inline|Gartz (Oder)|Gartz}} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-germany-szczecin-idUSBRE94E0IN20130515 Reuters article from May 2013] {{Authority control}} j9w88ou78bwwufg6dq4krjpkr6xuioy 0 50882 306163 305362 2026-08-30T04:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Gersheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|8|N|7|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gersheim in HOM.svg |state = |district = Saarpfalz |elevation = 233 |area = 57.37 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 10045113 |postal_code = 66451–66453 |area_code = 06843 and 06844 |licence = HOM |website = [https://www.gersheim.de/ www.gersheim.de] |mayor = Michael Clivot<ref>[https://www.saarland.de/stat/DE/_downloads/aktuelleTabellen/Wahlen/Direktwahlen/Gew%C3%A4hlte_B%C3%BCrgermeister_und_Landr%C3%A4te_im_Saarland.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=11 Gewählte Ober-/Bürgermeister*innen, Landrät*innen und Regionalverbandsdirektor*in im Saarland], Statistisches Amt des Saarlandes, 27 March 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;29 |party = SPD }} '''Gersheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡɛʁshaɪm}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saarpfalz]], ee [[Saarland]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Koonfur-galbeed waxay xuduud la leedahay gobolka [[France|Faransiiska]] ee [[Grand Est]]. Gersheim waxay ku taal qiyaastii 15&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Zweibrücken]], iyo 20&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Saarbrücken]]. == Degmooyinka == Degmada (Gemeinde Gersheim) waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka * Gersheim * Bliesdalheim * Herbitzheim * Rubenheim * Walsheim * [[Medelsheim]] * Reinheim * Seyweiler * Niedergailbach * Peppenkum * Utweiler == Taariikh == Raadadka ugu da'da weyn ee la yaqaan ee degganashada Aadanaha waa [[Celts|Celtic]] [[Tumulus|tumuli]] oo ku yaal dhowr buuroood. Qabiilka [[gaul]]ic ee [[Mediomatrici]] wuxuu lahaa degmada ugu weyn gobolkan goobta magaalada casriga ah ee [[Metz]]. Waxsoosaarka mediomatrician ee xusid mudan waxaa lagu arki karaa [[European Archaeological Park of Bliesbruck-Reinheim]]. Gaul markii dambe waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Roman Empire|Boqortooyada Roomaanka]]. Kadib dhicitaankii boqortooyada xilligii [[Migration Period]], aagga waxaa qabsaday qabiilo Jarmal ah oo markii dambe sameeyay [[Austrasia|boqortooyada Frankish]]. Dhamaadka 'heim' iyo 'weiler' ee magacyada tuulooyinka badankood ee gobolka waxay tilmaamayaan in laga yaabo inay aasaaseen horraantii qarniyadii dhexe, [[Merovingian Dynasty|xilligii Merovingian]]. Hogaamiyeyaasha sharafta leh ee maxalliga ah ee is beddelaya tuulooyinka waxay noqdeen qayb ka mid ah [[Lotharingia]], [[House of Valois-Burgundy|Burgundy]] iyo [[Spanish Netherlands]] qarniyadii dhexe. Burburkii Dagaalkii [[Thirty Years' War|Sodonka Sano]] ayaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba dadka ka saaray gobolka oo dhan, sidaas darteed deegaan cusub oo ka yimid waddamada [[Alps|alpine]] ayaa loo guuriyay Waqooyiga. Tani waxay keentay xiriir waqti dheer ah sida carwada sannadlaha ah 'Kleintiroler Weiherfest'<ref>{{Cite web | title=Willkommen im Rohrental Rubenheim - 30. Kleintiroler Weiherfest 23.-25. Juli 2010 | url=https://www.kleintiroler-weiherfest.de/ | access-date=2026-03-25 | website=www.Kleintiroler-Weiherfest.de | archive-date=2025-10-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251015152621/https://www.kleintiroler-weiherfest.de/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> (fiiri [[Tirol]]) ee Rubenheim. Dagaalkii [[French Revolutionary Wars|Kacaanka Faransiiska]] aaggu wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Faransiiska. [[Congress of Vienna|Kongareeska Vienna]] tuulooyinka waxaa lagu wareejiyay Boqortooyada [[Bavaria]]n oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Circle of the Rhine|Rhenish Palatinate]] waxay noqdeen xadka ugu galbeedka ee Bavaria ilaa sannadkii 1946. [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] ka dib gobolka waxaa qabsaday Faransiiska waxaana loo haystay sidii [[Saar Protectorate|Saar Protectorate]] oo madax-bannaan ilaa, afti ka dib, uu noqday gobol ka tirsan [[West Germany|Galbeedka Jarmalka]] 1957. Tuulada Gersheim lafteeda waxaa markii ugu horreysay si rasmi ah loogu xusay magaca 'Geroldesheim' sannadkii 1150. Degmada Gemeinde Gersheim waxaa la aas-aasay iyadoo la kala diray oo dib loo nidaamiyay dhowr bulsho oo deris ah iyada oo qayb ka ah dib-u-habeyn maamul 1974. == Juqraafi == Degmadu waxay leedahay cabbir dhan 57,4 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran. Aaggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay buuro hoose oo gaaraya ilaa 400m ka sarreysa heerka badda. Inta badan dhulka waa [[Muschelkalk]] marka laga reebo aag yar oo sandstone ah oo bari ka xiga Bliesdalheim. Jirka biyaha ee ugu xusida mudan waa webiga [[Blies]]. Gersheim waxay xuduud la leedahay degmooyinka [[Mandelbachtal]] ee waqooyi-galbeed iyo [[Blieskastel]] ee waqooyi-bari iyo bari. Dhanka Faransiiska Gemeinde Gersheim waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Communes of France|degmooyinka]] [[Blies-Ébersing]], [[Bliesbruck]], [[Obergailbach]], [[Erching]] iyo [[Ormersviller]] ee [[Arrondissement of Sarreguemines|Arrondissement ee Sarreguemines]] ee [[Moselle (department)|Departement de Moselle]]. Qaybo ka mid ah aagga ayaa xaddidan isticmaalka ama gelitaanka sababo deegaanka awgeed maadaama Gersheim uu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America#Germany|UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Bliesgau]] 2009. == Dhaqaalaha == Gersheim inta badan waa [[Bedroom_community|bulsho jiif]]. Tani waxay leedahay xoogaa dhaqan ah maadaama rag badani oo ka kala yimid tuulooyinka qarniyadii la soo dhaafay ay u safreen xarumaha warshadaha ee Saarland maalin kasta si ay ugu shaqeeyaan inta badan shaqaalaha dhuxusha (Kumpel) ama shaqaalaha birta. Ganacsiga Gersheim wuxuu si weyn u yaraaday tan iyo 1980-meeyadii tusaale ahaan tirada beeralayda waa la dhimay oo ganacsiyada warshadaha sida macdanta nuuradda iyo soo saarista sibidhka ay dhammaadeen. Khadka tareenka deegaanka ee 'Bliestalbahn' wuxuu xirmay dhammaadkii 1990-meeyadii. Tani nasiib darro waxay keentay in deyn dadweyne ay isku urursadaan, taasoo horseeday in Gemeinde Gersheim ay haysato 'kaalinta koowaad' ee haysata daynta ugu sarreysa <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.saarlandinside.de/saarland-hat-die-hoechsten-kommunal-schulden-deutschlands/ | title=Saarland hat die höchsten Kommunal-Schulden Deutschlands - | date=March 2024 | access-date=2026-08-15 | archive-date=2026-03-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260317035638/https://www.saarlandinside.de/saarland-hat-die-hoechsten-kommunal-schulden-deutschlands/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> ee degmooyinka sanado badan. Gersheim waxay u dhowdahay dalxiiska jilicsan si ay taas ula dagaallanto, iyadoo adeegsanaysa heerka ay ku dhex leedahay aagga biosphere ee UNESCO. Agagaarka tuulada Gersheim lafteeda, waxaa la bixiyaa booqashooyin la hagayo si loo arko orchids naadir ah. == Dad caan ah == * [[Ludwig Maria Hugo]] (* 1871 ee Arzheim; † 1935 ee Mainz), [[Bishop of Mainz|Bishop ee Mainz]] (1921 bis 1935) wuxuu ahaa 1911 ilaa 1915 wadaad ka tirsan Bliesdalheim * [[Hans Joachim Hillerbrand]] (* 13 Sebtembar 1931 ee Gersheim; † 14 Nofeembar 2020 ee [[Evanston, Illinois]]), taariikhyahan ka tirsan [[Duke University]], provost ee [[Southern Methodist University]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://everloved.com/life-of/hans-hillerbrand/obituary/ | title=Read Prof. Hans Joachim Hillerbrand, PHD's Obituary & Leave Condolences }}</ref> == Bulshooyinka mataanaha ah == * [[Bazancourt, Marne]] oo ay ku jirto iskaashiga dugsiyada deegaanka (Jumelage) * [[Gmina Porąbka]] * [[Herbitzheim]] (kaliya int u dhaxaysa tuulada Jarmalka iyo Faransiiska ee magaca mid ah) == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} n1m09rvjyxqrbgh555s73s29zqbqbbi 0 50982 306164 305625 2026-08-30T04:49:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Gollenberg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|45|10|N|12|22|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gollenberg in HVL.png |state = |district = Havelland |Amt = Rhinow |elevation = 27 |area = 30.51 |postal_code = 14728 |area_code = 033875 |licence = HVL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 63 094 |website = [http://www.rhinow.de/ www.rhinow.de] |mayor = Wolfgang Heinze<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12063000 Landkreis Havelland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters] {{Wayback|url=https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12063000 |date=20260821031440 }}. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = FDP }} '''Gollenberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡɔlənbɛʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Havelland (district)|Havelland]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]] taas oo ka kooban Schönholz-Neuwerder, Stölln iyo Ohnewitz. == Taariikhda == Degmada waxaa loogu magac daray Gollenberg ee u dhow Stölln waxaana la abuuray Disembar 31, 2002 markii degmooyinkii Schönholz-Neuwerder iyo Stölln la mideeyay. == Duruufaha Dadweynaha == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Gollenberg.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 xuduudaha hadda jira (Khadka buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Khadka dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarinta dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawl: Waqtigii xukunka Naasiga; Asalka guduudan: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Gollenberg: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda jira dhexdooda (2013)<ref>Isha faahfaahsan ee xogta waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 582 | 1890 | 522 | 1910 | 560 | 1925 | 546 | 1933 | 442 | 1939 | 378 | 1946 | 956 | 1950 | 904 | 1964 | 643 | 1971 | 656 | 1981 | 576 | 1985 | 578 | 1989 | 540 | 1990 | 527 | 1991 | 529 | 1992 | 525 | 1993 | 514 | 1994 | 495 | 1995 | 503 | 1996 | 520 | 1997 | 510 | 1998 | 514 | 1999 | 512 | 2000 | 505 | 2001 | 499 | 2002 | 481 | 2003 | 467 | 2004 | 469 | 2005 | 472 | 2006 | 453 | 2007 | 447 | 2008 | 445 | 2009 | 444 | 2010 | 429 | 2011 | 432 | 2012 | 433 | 2013 | 429 | 2014 | 417 | 2015 | 408 | 2016 | 413 }} == Duulimaadka == [[Image:IL-62 Lady Agnes Rhinow-Stölln.jpg|thumb|left|"Lady Agnes" Il-62 - Garoonka Diyaaradaha Stölln/Rhinow]] [[Image:Interflug Il 62 Lady Agnes.jpg|thumb|left|"Lady Agnes" Il-62]] === Otto Lilienthal === Hogaamiyihii duulimaadka [[Otto Lilienthal]] (1848–1896) ayaa glidarkiisa ku dhacay halkaan oo uu dabadeed ku dhintay. === Lady Agnes === Oktoobar 23, 1989, diyaarad rakaab ah oo ah nooca [[Ilyushin Il-62]] jet ah ayaa si u kac ah loogu dejiyay garoonka diyaaradaha cawska gaaban ee 900 mitir ah ee [[Stölln]]/[[Rhinow]] oo ahayd tallaabo halis ah. Diyaaraddan jet-ka ah, oo ay ku tabarucday shirkaddii diyaaradaha ee [[East Germany|GDR]] ee [[Interflug]] laguna magacaabay "Lady Agnes" oo loogu magac daray xaaska Lilienthal,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idnes.cz/technet/technika/il-62-ddr-seg-interflug-zazrak-ze-stolln-23-10-1989-lady-agnes.A191105_134834_tec_technika_kuz|title=Příprava na šílené přistání. IL-62 bude doslova lízat vrcholky stromů|date=6 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idnes.cz/technet/technika/il-62-ddr-seg-interflug-zazrak-ze-stolln-23-10-1989-lady-agnes.A191107_083720_tec_technika_kuz|title=Poslední přistání chtěli utajit. Přístroje se tak třásly, že nešly odečíst|date=11 November 2019}}</ref> ayaa hadda loo isticmaalaa aroosyada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/prospero/2011/09/20/remembering-germanys-first-flying-man|access-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302015744/https://www.economist.com/prospero/2011/09/20/remembering-germanys-first-flying-man|archive-date=2 Mar 2021|website=The Economist|title=Remembering Germany's First Flying Man}}</ref> === Dhacdooyinka cayaaraha hawada ee garoonka Stölln/Rhinow === * Tartankii 21aad ee qaran ee dhalinyarada ee [[gliding|gliding-ka]] ''Bundesjugendvergleichsfliegen'' (oo aan lagu khaldin Koobka Kooxda Dhalinyarada) wuxuu ka dhacay Stölln/Rhinow 2007.<ref name="bjv">[http://www.luftsportjugend.com/de/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=179 Bundesjugendvergleichsfliegen 2007 (in German)] - accessed 2008-03-14</ref> * Tartankii kooxaha 2007 ee [[Glider aircraft|glider]] [[competition aerobatics|aerobatics]] [[Wilhelm Düerkop#Salzmann-Cup|"Salzmann Cup"]] wuxuu ka dhacay garoonka Stölln/Rhinow.<ref name="SC2007main">[http://segelkunstflug.mediacluster.de/196 Official website of the 2007 Salzmann-Cup (in German)] {{Wayback|url=http://segelkunstflug.mediacluster.de/196 |date=20080306223835 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306223835/http://www.segelkunstflug.mediacluster.de/196 |date=2008-03-06 }} - accessed 2008-02-09</ref><ref name="SC2007zibb">[http://www.rbb-online.de/_/zibb/beitrag_jsp/key=5978316.html RBB tv-report "zibb" on 6 June 2007 (in German)] - accessed 2008-02-09 {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name="SC2007aerokurier">[[Aerokurier]] August 2007, compare [http://www.aerokurier.de/index.php?id=1425 table of contents (in German)]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - accessed 2008-02-09</ref> * Laga soo bilaabo 2004, tartanka dalka-iska-gudbinta ee [[gliding competitions|soaring competition]] "Cats Cradle Club Cup" wuxuu si joogto ah uga dhacaa garoonka Stölln/Rhinow.<ref name="cccc">[http://www.flugsport-stoelln.de/inc/downloads/5CCCCauss.pdf 2008 Cats Cradel Club Cup (in German)] - accessed 2008-03-14</ref> * Qiyaastii 100 duuliye ayaa ka qeyb qaatay [[fly-in]] si loogu dabaaldego '100 sano oo duulimaad binu'aadam ah' May 1991.<ref name="hyhf">[http://www.flugsport-stoelln.de/index.php?id=flugplatz&sub=historie Local aeroclub ''„Otto Lilienthal“ Stölln/Rhinow e. V.'': History of Stölln/Rhinow Airfield (in German)] - accessed 2008-03-14</ref> {{clear-left}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *https://web.archive.org/web/20070928083541/http://www.otto-lilienthal.de/lady.htm {{Authority control}} 9i3e46rkbjk8stic9shneh0i14rtbbl 0 50993 306165 305588 2026-08-30T04:51:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen gornsdorf.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|24|N|12|52|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gornsdorf in ERZ.png |state = |district = Erzgebirgskreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Auerbach, Erzgebirgskreis |elevation = 502 |area = 4.18 |postal_code = 09390 |area_code = 03721 |licence = ERZ, ANA, ASZ, AU, MAB, MEK, STL, SZB, ZP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14521230 |website = [http://www.gornsdorf.de/ www.gornsdorf.de] |mayor = Andrea Arnold<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2020], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;27 |party = CDU }} '''Gornsdorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Erzgebirgskreis]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin dad qiyaastoodu tahay 2,266 sida ku cad diiwaannadii ugu dambeeyay. '''Gornsdorf''' waxay bixisaa cuntooyinka dhaqameed ee [[German cuisine|Jarmalka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-07 |title=Discovering Gornsdorf: A Hidden Gem In Germany |url=https://loyaltrips.com/blogs/loyaltrips/discovering-gornsdorf-a-hidden-gem-in-germany |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Loyaltrips |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} riw4gk1gvs2do5wsipv2s2eda7fmduo 0 51044 306166 305662 2026-08-30T04:55:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Grünendeich COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|34|N|9|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Grünendeich_in_STD.png |state = |district = Stade |Samtgemeinde = Lühe |elevation = 0-2 |area = 3.92 |postal_code = 21720 |area_code = 04142, 04141 |licence = STD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 59 020 |website = {{url|https://www.luehe.de/gruenendeich/|www.luehe.de}} |mayor = Inge Massow-Oltermann |party = FWG }} '''Grünendeich''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡʁyːnəndaɪç}}; {{langx|nds|Greundiek}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Stade (district)|degmada Stade]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Hooseysa Saxony]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay horay uga tirsanaan jirtay [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Boqortooyada-Aabbaha ee Bremen]]. Sannadkii 1648, Boqortooyada-Aabbaha waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen|Dukhadayda Bremen]], taas oo markii ugu horreysay ay maamulaysay dowladda Iswiidhan midow shaqsiyeed (personal union) ahaan, laga soo bilaabay 1648 ilaa 1715na ay maamulaysay Taajkii Hannover. Sannadkii 1823, Dukhadayda waa la tiriyay oo dhulkeedu wuxuu noqday qayb ka tirsan [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]]. == Taariikhda == === Magaca deegaanka === Magac hore oo loo yaqaanay Grünendeich waa Gronendike, kaas oo la isticmaalayay qarniyadii 15aad iyo 16aad. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in magacani ka yimid "am grönen dīke" oo ah luqadda [[Low German|Jarmalka Hoose]] (Low German) oo macnaheedu yahay "biyo-xireenka cagaaran".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-G,ortsnamenforscher113.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202150353/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-G,ortsnamenforscher113.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-12-02|title=Ortsnamen - Übersicht für den Buchstaben G {{!}} NDR.de - NDR 1 Niedersachsen - Programm|date=2016-12-02|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Laga soo bilaabo Febraayo 2020, goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay sida soo socota:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.luehe.sitzung-online.de/bi/pa020.asp?PALFDNR=45&SORT=1kppartei|title=Räte - Rat Grünendeich|website=www.luehe.sitzung-online.de|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> * [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Midowga Dimuqraadiga Masiixiga ee Jarmalka]] (CDU): 5 kursi * [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Bulshada ee Jarmalka]] (SPD): 2 kursi * Bulshada codbixiyaasha xorta ah (FWG): 2 kursi * [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Isbahaysiga 90/Cagaarka]] (Grüne): 1 kursi === Duqa magaalada === [[Mayor|Duqa magaalada]] ee Grünendeich waa Inge Massow-Oltermann (FWG) tan iyo 2016. Duqa ku-xigeenkeedu waa Gerd Dehmel (CDU). === Calanka iyo Astaan-qoyseedka === Astaanta gobolka (coat of arms) ee Grünendeich waxay ka kooban tahay gaashaan u qaybsan laba qaybood oo ah lacag iyo cagaar. Qeybta sare ee lacagta ah waxay muujineysaa dhismaha faynuuska badda (lighthouse) oo cas iyo cagaar ku xariiqan oo leh iftiin dahabi ah iyo casaan ah oo gaaraya dhinacyada gaashaanleyska. Qeybta hoose ee cagaaran waxay muujineysaa laba [[Rose (heraldry)|roose]] oo lacag ah, oo matalaya beeraha maxalliga ah ee miraha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.luehe.de/gruenendeich/|title=Grünendeich – Samtgemeinde Lühe|language=de-DE|access-date=2020-02-15|archive-date=2020-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215124426/https://www.luehe.de/gruenendeich/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha iyo Kaabayaasha == === Gaadiidka dadweynaha === Fähranleger Lühe, oo ah marin maraakiibta yaryar (ferry pier), ayaa ku yaal Grünendeich. Halkaas, adeegga maraakiibta ee Lühe-Schulau wuxuu dhex maraa webiga Elbe ilaa [[Wedel]] ee Schleswig-Holstein.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.luehe-schulau-faehre.de/|title=Die Lühe-Schulau-Fähre – Die große kleine Kreuzfahrt über die Elbe|language=de-DE|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> Maraakiibtan ma aha qayb ka tirsan [[Hamburger Verkehrsverbund|HVV]], oo ah ururka gaadiidka dadweynaha ee Hamburg. Intaa waxaa dheer, seddex khad oo basas ah oo ay maamusho shirkadda KVG Stade ayaa joojiya Grünendeich. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: * 2357 Stade – Hollern-Twielenfleth – Steinkirchen – Jork – Hamburg-Cranz * 2030 Buxtehude – Dammhausen – Jork – Borstel – Steinkirchen * 2033 Grünendeich – Steinkirchen – Horneburg Kuwaasi waxay qayb ka yihiin HVV sidaas darteedna waxaa lagu isticmaali karaa tigidh caadi ah. Sidoo kale, basaska dugsiyada qaarkood iyo basaska shirkadaha ayaa ka shaqeeya Grünendeich.<gallery> File:Stellwerk bei wetterndorf.jpg|Xarunta calaamadaha taariikhiga ah ee Aumühle oo u dhow Wetterndorf File:Oberfeuer grünendeich 2.jpg|Faynuuska badda (lighthouse) ee Grünendeich File:Maritim-Haus Lühe.jpg|Matxafka badda File:Orgel Grünendeich.jpg|Xubinta dhuumaha (pipe organ) ee kaniisadda Lutheran ee Grünendeich File:Grazing sheep on levee in Grünendeich, 2.jpg|Idaha oo daaqaya biyaxireenka Elbe ee Grünendeich File:CSCL Indian Ocean aground near Grünendeich, 7.jpg|Markabka CSCL Indian Ocean oo ku xayirmay meel u dhow Grünendeich horraantii Febraayo 2016 </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline|Grünendeich}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Grunendeich}} ssgivmllduc4mvd553nbomygd1e92sf 0 51211 306168 306079 2026-08-30T05:34:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hermersberg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|19|23|N|7|38|02|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hermersberg in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Waldfischbach-Burgalben |elevation = 408-427 |area = 13.02 |postal_code = 66919 |area_code = 06333 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 016 |website = [http://www.hermersberg.de/ www.hermersberg.de] |mayor = Erich Sommer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südwestpfalz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Hermersberg''' ({{langx|pfl|Hermerschberch}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Südwestpfalz]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]] waxayna hoos timaadaa ururka degmada ee [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]]. Waxay ku taal cidhirka galbeed ee [[Palatinate Forest|Kaynta Palatinate]], qiyaastii 15 km waqooyi-bari ee [[Pirmasens]], dusha sare ee [[Sickingen Heights|Buuraleyda Sickingen]], waana degmada ugu weyn ee halkaas ku taal. == Dadweynaha == 69% dadka ku nool Hermersberg waa [[Catholic|Kaatoolig]], 23% waa [[Protestantism|Protestantoog]];<ref name="EWOISneu">EWOISneu : [http://213.139.154.35:8484/Statistik/user/anzeigen.php?ags=0734006016 Gemeindestatistik aus dem landeseinheitlichen System] {{Wayback|url=http://213.139.154.35:8484/Statistik/user/anzeigen.php?ags=0734006016 |date=20070928212841 }}</ref> horumarka dadweynaha waxaa la caddeyn karaa tan iyo 1800.<ref>Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte: [http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/pirmasens.html#ew39aheo Stadt und Landkreis Pirmasens]</ref> Laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 1970 tirada dadku si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u yaraanaysaa.<ref name="StatLARLP">Stat. Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz: [http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/lis/MeineRegion/gebieteInfoDetail.aspx?t=4&id=A&key=0734006016&kmaid=2520&zmaid=637&topic=2047&subject=20 Bevölkerungsentwicklung als Zeitreihe]</ref> Horumarka dadweynaha (tan iyo 1800): {| class="wikitable" |- align="right" bgcolor="lightgrey" | align="left" bgcolor="lightgrey" | '''Sanadka''' | 1800 | 1815 | 1835 | 1871 | 1905 | 1925 | 1933 | 1939 | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 |- align="right" | align="left" bgcolor="lightgrey" | '''Dadweynaha''' | 239 | 435 | 611 | 794 | 1.096 | 1.211 | 1.343 | 1.459 | 1.556 | 1.755 | 1.932 | 1.877 | 1.830 | 1.813 | 1.740 | 1.726 | 1.733 |} == Tixraacyo == <references/> {{commons}} {{Authority control}} inr22ecg6e9vyrmcc3wlvd359n0aufc 0 51214 306169 306082 2026-08-30T05:34:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Herresbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|21|32|N|7|1|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Herresbach in MYK.png |state = |district = Mayen-Koblenz |Verbandsgemeinde = Vordereifel |elevation = 486 |area = 8.47 |postal_code = 56729 |area_code = 02691, 02656 |licence = MYK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 035 |website = [http://www.herresbach-eifel.de/ www.herresbach-eifel.de] |mayor = Achim Bürger<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Herresbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛʁəsbax}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Mayen-Koblenz]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.vordereifel.de/index.php?id=198 Herresbach] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vordereifel.de/index.php?id=198 |date=20110524232857 }} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} pmz04sbmlayowthg27ic855wft67xv3 0 51248 306150 306149 2026-08-29T12:56:35Z Mohamed Abdiwali Yusuf 46970 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345954433|Bondhere, Mogadishu]]" 306150 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-subheader" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bondhere</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"> Degmada Boondheere</div> |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[Administrative divisions of Somalia|Xaafad]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | Hal-ku-dheg:&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Beledkeena Waa Boondheerow-Libaax</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Bondhere_District.png|250x250px]] |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | Isuduwayaasha: |} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Dalka | class="infobox-data" |'''Soomaaliya''' |- class="mergedrow" ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Gobolka | class="infobox-data" |'''Banaadir''' |- class="mergedrow" ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Caasimadda | class="infobox-data" |Muqdishu |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Maamulka<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Nooca | class="infobox-data" |Guddoomiye demo |- class="mergedrow" ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Guddoomiyaha | class="infobox-data" |Jagadda |- class="mergedtoprow" ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |[[:en:UTC+3|UTC+3]] ([[:en:East_Africa_Time|EAT]]) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! scope="row" class="infobox-label" |Lambarka furaha taleefanka | class="infobox-data" | +252 |} <references /> '''Jacaylku''' waa dareen ka kooban xaalado shucuureed iyo maskaxeed oo xooggan, kuwaas oo u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo akhlaaqda ugu sarraysa, kalgacalka qoto dheer ee ka dhexeeya dadka, ilaa farxadda ama raaxada fudud ee qofku dareemo. Macnaha jacaylku wuu kala duwanaan karaa iyadoo ku xiran waxa ama qofka loo qabo. Tusaale ahaan, '''jacaylka hooyadu u qabto ilmaheeda''' wuxuu ka duwan yahay '''jacaylka lammaanaha''', halka jacaylka qofku u qabo '''cuntada''' uu isna leeyahay macne ka duwan. Guud ahaan, jacaylka waxaa loola jeedaa dareen xooggan oo soo jiidasho, kalgacal iyo ku-xirnaan shucuureed ah oo qofku u qabo qof kale ama wax uu qiimeeyo. == Xaafadaha == # Shanta-Geed. # Nasiib-Buundo. # Al-Axraam. # Wiil-Waal. # Busleyda. # Buur-Bishaaro. # Ceel Aw-Muude. # Ceel-Macalin. # Buulo-Maqaarey. # Buulo-Ukun. # Ceel-Xaaji Haruur. # Yuusuf Al-Kowneyn. # Daljirka Dahsoon. # Forno. # Nalka Hoose. # Nalka Kore. # Siinay. # Nabada. # Aku doto. # Maxmabaare. == Xarumaha dowladda == * Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha iyo Federaalka . * [[Wasaaradda Warfaafinta Soomaaliya|Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta]] . * [[Wasaaradda Waxbarashada Soomaaliya|Wasaaradda Waxbarashada, Dhaqanka iyo Tacliinta Sare]] . * [[Wasaaradda Ganacsiga iyo Wershadaha Soomaaliya|Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Ganacsiga]] . * Wasaaradda Caafimaadka . == Dugsiyada == * Dugsiga Hoose/Dhexe ee Yassin Osman. * Dugsiga Hoose/Dhexe ee 12 Oktoobar. * Dugsiga Hoose Kacaanka (Ex Boondheere School). * Dugsiga Hoose/Dhexe ee Wiilwaal. * Sh. Dugsiga Sare ee Xasan Barsame. * Sh. Dugsiga Sare ee Yuusuf Al-Kowneyn. * Dugsiga Sare ee Saacid. * Dugsiga Hoose/Dhexe iyo Sare ee Al Siraaj. * Mujamac umulqura. == Masaajidada == * Mowlaca Sh. Masaajidka Xuseen Cade. * Masaajidka Buurfuule. * Sh. Masaajidka Cusmaan Mocow. * Masaajidka Suuqa Af-Leershe. * Masjidka Al-Raxma (Sh. Abuukar Macalim). * Masaajidka Xaaji Ciise. * Masaajidka Xaaji Yabarow. * Mowlaca Sh. Masaajidka Cali Cambar. * Masaajidka Cadaawe. * Sh. Masjidka Muxamed Faqi Yuusuf. * Reer Sh. Masaajidka Axmed Jimcaale. * Sh. Masjidka Maxamed Faqi Abore. * Mowlaca Sh. Masjidka Cadde Cili * Masaajidka Mowlaca Dhagey. == Tixraacyada == * [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html Degmooyinka Soomaaliya] * [http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120220_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Banadir_Bondhere_A3.pdf Khariidadda maamulka ee Degmada Bondhere] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Muqdisho]] locsluozsoyw78xrzei09u7pho3ikhw 306151 306150 2026-08-29T13:08:24Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Mohamed Abdiwali Yusuf|Mohamed Abdiwali Yusuf]] ([[User talk:Mohamed Abdiwali Yusuf|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 306149 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Boondheere]] qordpww0pac3p6kha53txfq2ulzkg0i 306152 306151 2026-08-29T13:13:02Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Boondheere, Muqdisho]]": Dib u sameenta bog horay u jiray ([Wax ka badal=U oggolow oo keliya maamulayaasha] (wuxuu dhacaa 13:13, 30 Agoosto 2026 (UTC)) [Wareeji=U oggolow oo keliya maamulayaasha] (wuxuu dhacaa 13:13, 30 Agoosto 2026 (UTC))) 306149 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Boondheere]] qordpww0pac3p6kha53txfq2ulzkg0i