Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Boorama 0 2256 306315 295855 2026-08-31T10:15:19Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 292970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Borama | native_name = {{native name|so|Boorama}}<br />{{native name|ar|بورما|italic=no}} | other_name = | settlement_type = Magaalo | image_skyline = {{Photomontage |color=#ffffff | photo1a = FB KB 1687856969599.jpg | photo2a = Saw Hotel, Borama, Somaliland.jpg | photo2b =Rays Hotel, Borama, Somaliland.jpg | photo3a = Safari resort Park borama.jpg | photo3b = Borama_night.jpg | photo4a = Safari resort hotels1.jpg | photo4b = Safari resort hotels.jpg | photo5a = Safari Hotel borama.jpg | spacing = 2 | border = 0 | size = 266 }} | imagesize = | image_caption = Degaan ku yaala Boorama | image_flag = Flag of Borama.svg | flag_size = | image_blank_emblem = Borama local council logo.svg | blank_emblem_type = Calaamadda Golaha Deegaanka Borama | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Awdal#Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Boorama | pushpin_relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|9|56|9|N|43|11|3|E|region:SO-AW|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmada]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_name2 = [[Awdal]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Boorama]] | established_title = | established_date = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = [[Gudoomiyaha Boorama|Gudoomiye]] | leader_name = Maxamed Axmed Warsame (Baradho) | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 3,130 | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1,433 | elevation_ft = | population_density_km2 = 191.0 | population_est = 300,000 | pop_est_as_of = 2023 | population_rank = [[Liiska magaalooyinka Somaliland|3aad]] | pop_est_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2023/10/12/sdf-funded-borama-water-supply-expansion-project-commissioned/ |title=SDF funded Borama Water Supply Expansion Project Commissioned |df=dmy-all |access-date=2025-10-02 |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203060427/https://www.horndiplomat.com/2023/10/12/sdf-funded-borama-water-supply-expansion-project-commissioned/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | website = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = [[Cimilada|Cimilada]] | blank_info = [[Cimilada|BSh]] | name = | population_demonym = BOORAMAWI بورماوي | iso_code = SO-AW }} '''Boorama''' ({{lang-en|Borama}} '''Borame''' iyo '''Boorame''') waa magaalo madaxda gobolka [[Awdal]] ee galbeed [[Somaliland]], iyo fadhiga dowlada [[Degmada Boorama]]. Boorama waxay u dhowdahay xadka [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]].<ref>xadka [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]]</ref> Magaaladan waxaa degan dad gaaraayo in ka badan 600,300 oo qof tirkoobki guud ee 2020. Boorama waxay ka mid tahay magaalooyinka ugu taariikhda dheer dalka [[Somaliland]], waa dhulkii eey maamuli jireen saldanadii [[Adal]]. Deegaanka magaaladu ku taalo waa dhul sare oo [[buur]]oleey ah, midaasi oo ka dhigta qaboow wakhtiga jiilaalka. Magaalada Boorama waa saldhiga waxbarashada dalka Somaliland, waxaa ku yaala dugsiyo, koolejyo iyo jaamacado badan; midaasi oo sababtay in Boorama loo bixiyo "''hooyga waxbarashada shacabka Soomaaliyeed''". Borama waxa ku yaala Jaamacada ugu wayn waqtigan dalka Soomaaliya ee [[Jaamacadda Camuud]]. Intaasi waxaa dheer in Borama tahay meeshii lagu aasaasay heshiisyadii beelaha waqooyiga Soomaaliya ka dib dagaaladii sokeeye ee 1991kii.<ref>"''hooyga waxbarashada shacabka Soomaaliyeed''"</ref> Guud ahaan magaalada Borama waa mid jawi degan oo nabad iyo aqoon lagu yaqaano.<ref>siyaasada dadka reer [[Awdal]]</ref> ==Asalka erayga== <gallery> File:FB KB 1687856969599.jpg|alt= </gallery> Magaca Boorama waxa uu ka yimid erayga booraan (pl. booraamo ) oo ah god dheer ama niyad jab juqraafiyeed (tusaale basin, doox). Magaalada waxa loogu magac daray dooxyada ku xeeran, magaalada Boorama oo la macno ah dooxyo ==Taariikhda== [[File:Qorgab_Valley.jpg|thumb|Dooxa Qorgaab ee ka baxsan Boorama]] Si la mid ah magaalooyin dhowr ah oo u dhow sida Camuud , waxa deegaanka Boorama laga helay waxyaabo badan oo qadiimiga ah, kuwaas oo tilmaamaya dhacdo hore oo dhacday. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah hadhaagii qadiimiga ahaa ee qabuuraha , guryaha iyo masaajidda , marka lagu daro gogosha badeecooyinka Oriental-ka, gaar ahaan kuwa Shiinaha . Farshaxanada iyo qaab-dhismeedyadu waxay soo jireen xilliyo kala duwan oo taariikhi ah, laga soo bilaabo qarniyadii 12aad ilaa 18aad. Inta badan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ka soo jeedaan qarniyadii 15aad iyo 16aad, wakhti dhaqdhaqaaq ganacsi oo weyn oo gobolka ah oo la xidhiidha Adal Sultanate dhexe . Qodista laga soo saaray dabayaaqadii 1800-aadkii iyo horraantii 1900-aadkii in ka badan afar iyo toban goobood oo ku yaalla agagaarka magaalada Boorama ayaa laga soo saaray waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin qadaadiic la sheegay in laga soo qaatay Kait Bey , oo ahaa Boqorkii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee Burji Mamluk Suldaankii Masar . Inta badan waxa la helay waxa loo diray Matxafka Britishka si loo xafido wax yar ka dib markii la helay. Nuskii hore ee qarnigii 20aad, Boorama waxa ay samaysatay qayb ka mid ah maxmiyaddii British Somaliland . Magaalada Boorame ee casriga ah waxa la aasaasay 1921-kii, waxaana aasaasay Ughaz Cilmi Warfaa , Ughaz ee Gadabuursi , oo amar ka soo qaatay Ingiriiska, oo dhidibada u taagay. Ka dib waxaa loo magacaabay degmo ahaan 1925. Sannadkii 1933-kii, Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Sheekh Nuur , oo ahaa macallin Qur’aan ah , ahna wiil uu dhalay qaaddigii Boorama ( xaakimkii), ayaa hindisay qoraallo cusub oo lagu turjumay af-Soomaaliga Afro-Asiatic Kushitic . Hab qoraal ah oo sax ah , farta Boorama waxa inta badan adeegsan jiray Nuur, saaxiibadiisa magaalada iyo qaar ka mid ah ganacsatada gacanta ku haysa ganacsiga Saylac iyo Boorama. Ardayda Sheekh Nuur ayaa sidoo kale la baray adeegsiga farta. . Alifbeetada sidoo kale guud ahaan waxaa loo yaqaanaa farta Gadabuursi . Xornimada ka dib , Boorama waxa lagu maamuli jiray qayb ka mid ah maamulka rasmiga ah ee Awdal ee Soomaaliya. Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya ee dabayaaqadii 1970-aadkii, Boorama waxay ka mid ahayd dhawr magaalo oo waqooyi ah oo ay hawada ku duqeeyeen ciidamada Itoobiya ee la safan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed . == Juquraafi == Meesha ee ku taalo magaalada Boorama waa dhul [[Buuro|buuroleey]] ah oo mararka qaar [[Dhulgariir]] ka dhaco. Boorama waa magaalada kaliya oo ugu dhul gariir badan wadanka jamhuuriyada somalia iyadoo dhul gariiradii ugu badnaa ay ka dhaceen Boorama sanadka markuu ahaa 1980 wakhtigaas oo magaalada Boorama ka dhacay dhul gariiro aad u fara badanaa, sidoo kale waxa la dareemay sanadkii 2011. Sidoo kale dhulgariirka waxoo gaaraa magaalooyinka kale oo ku yaalo gobolka [[Woqooyi Galbeed]].<ref>dhul [[Buuro|buuroleey]] ah oo mararka qaar [[Dhulgariir]]</ref> Magaalada Boorama meesha eey ku taalo waa meel qaboow adag ka dhaco wakhtiyada jiilaalka ee u dhexeeya bilaha November ilaa February, waana meel jawigeeda isbadalo.Sidoo kale magaaladu waxey leedahay dhul daaqsiimeey cows badan oo xayawaan badani ku nool yahay. Juquraafi ahaan beesha magaalada Borama ku nooli waxay deegaan ama aay xudoodo la leeyihin sedex beelood oo ka mid ah beelaha Somalida: Ciise oo dhanka Jabuuti ah Isaaq oo aay dhanka Somaliland isla dagaan iyo Ogaaden ooy Ethopia wada dagaan; taasina waxay ka dhigtay dad dhaqan kastaba fahami kara, furfuran oo ka ilbaxsan reeraha kale.<ref>Xadaarada iyo ilbaxnimada reer Borama</ref> [[File:Boramhoriz.jpeg|thumb|300px|Boorama]] == Dhismaha magaalada == Boorama waxee ka midtahay magaalooyinka aad u soo korooyo, magaaladaan waa magaalo ee dhismo ku socoto,waa magaalada ugu quruxda badan woqooyi galbeed. Waana magaalo leh garoon diyaaradeed. Borama waxay ku jirtaa magaalooyinka ugu cimilada wanaagsan geeska afrika, waana meel aya aad ugu helaan dalxiisayaashu, waa meel biyaha aad ugu qani ah. Borama waa magaalada kaliya ee ayna saamayn dagaalada sokeeye ee ka kadhay dalka, waa magaalo aad u nabadbadan yadoo ay ajaanibku aad u jecelyihiin.<ref>Koritaanka magaalada Borama</ref> Borama waxa ku yaala Jaamacada ugu wayn waqtigan dalka Soomaaliya ee [[Jaamacadda Camuud]], jaamacadan waxay kulmisa dhammaan arday soomaliyeed ee ku kala nool wadanka somalia yadoo ay jaamacadan ay isugu imaadaan. sidoo kale waxa ay leedahay jaamacada Elo- university oo kaalinta sadexaaad ka gashay heerka waxbarasho ee jaamacada soomaaliya qiimanyntii sanadka 2014. Borama waa magaaladii lagu aas aasay Dawlada Somaliland, waa magaalo dadka ku nooli ay nabada aad u jecelyihiin.<ref>Borama waxa ku yaala Jaamacada ugu wayn waqtigan dalka Soomaaliya ee [[Jaamacadda Camuud]]</ref> ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Gobolka Awdal ee ay magaaladu ku taallo waxa inta badan dega beesha Gadabuursi ee Dir oo si gaar ah u metesha oo lagu tiriyo beesha ugu badan ee gobolka. ​ Federico Battera (2005) wuxuu ka sheegay Gobolka Awdal : "Awdal waxa dega inta badan ururka Gadabuursi ee beelaha." Warbixin ay soo saartay Qaramada Midoobay oo ay daabacday Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1999), ayaa ku sheegtay Awdal : "Beesha Gadabuursi ayaa ka talisa gobolka Awdal, taasina waxay keentay in siyaasadda gobolka Awdal ay ku dhowdahay inay la mid tahay arrimaha beelaha Gadabuursi." Roland Marchal (1997) wuxuu sheegay in tiro ahaan, Gadabuursigu ay yihiin dadka ugu badan ee deggan Gobolka Awdal : "Tirada Gadabuursi ee Awdal waxay hubaal ka dhigaysaa in danaha Gadabuursi ay wadaan siyaasadda gobolka." Marleen Renders iyo Ulf Terlinden (2010) labaduba waxay sheegeen in Gadabuursigu ay si gaar ah u deggan yihiin Gobolka Awdal : “Awdal ee galbeedka Somaliland waxay u dhaxaysaa Jabuuti, Itoobiya iyo dhulweynaha Somaliland ee Isaaqu degan yahay, waxa deggen ugu horrayn saddexda beelood ee beesha Gadabuursi ka kooban tahay, kuwaas oo hay’adoodii dhaqanku ka badbaadeen gumaysigii, dawladnimadii Soomaaliya iyo dagaalladii ka dhacayna si wanaagsan bay u socdaan, welina si habsami ah u shaqaynaya, aadna ugu xidhan nabadgelyada guud. Waxa kale oo jira tiro aad u tiro yar oo ka tirsan beesha Ciise ee Dir oo inta badan degta degmada Saylac. == Ilaha dhaqaalaha == Dhaqaalaha magaalada boorama waxee ku tiirsantahay xoolaha iyo beeraha, Waa magaalo ku dadaasho horumarka, sidoo kale waxee leedahay hoteel aad u casriyeesan (Hotel Rays) oo ah Hoteelka Somaliland ugu qurxoon.Inkastoo ee magaaladaan ka tirsantahay dalka somaliland oo aan ictiraaf ka haysan dunida hadana dhaqaalo fiican bay leedahay.Magaalada boorama waxaa laga joojiyay shilin soomaaligii lagu ne badalay lacagta jamhuuriyada Somaliland. == Waxbarashada == Magaalada Boorame waxa ay aad ugu fiicantahy dhanka waxbarashda, waxeyna leedahay dugsiyo iyo jaamacado wax laga barto oo tayo leh oo ay kamid yihiin Jaamacadaha Camuud & Eelo oo loogu yimaado mandiqada Geeska Africa. Borama waxa loo yaqaana Hoyga Wax-barashada Soomaaliyeed. Magaalada Borama ma ahan magaalo madaxda gobolka [[Awdal]] oo kali ah ee sidoo kale waa xudunta waxbarashada. Waxaa ku yaala magaalada in ka badan 100 dugsi oo iskugu jira Dugsiyo Hoose, Dhexe iyo Sare. Dugsiyada sare ee ugu caansan magaalada waxaa ka mid ah: Al Aqsa Secondary School, Sh. Ali Jowhar Secondary, Ubaya- Ibnuka'ab Secondary School, Hassan Ardale Secondary School, Aayatiin Secondary School, Waaberi Secondary School, Al Qalam Secondary School, Al Nuur Secondary School and Adam Isaak Secondary School. Sidoo kale magaalada Borama waa hoyga [[Jaamacadda Camuud]] oo ah jaamacadii ugu horeeysay ee laga aasaaso cariga Soomaaliyeed burburkii dowladii Siyaad Bare ka dib. Jaamacada oo dhacda 5km bariga caasimada ayaa waxa dhigta kumanaan ardey ah oo ka kala yimid meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan mandaqada Bariga Afrika. Waxa iyadna caasimadan ku taala jaamacada heerka sare ah ee EELO American University oo tiirka loo dhigay sanadkii 2005, iyo waliba SAW Community College. <ref>EELO American University oo tiirka loo dhigay sanadkii 2005, iyo waliba SAW Community College</ref> Waxa iyadna xusid mudan in caasimada Borama tahay hooyga Dugsiga Dhagoolayaash oo ah midkii ugu horeeyay ee laga furo gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Dugsigan dhagoolayaasha waxa uu tababar iyo waxbarasho lacag la'aan ah u fidiyaa dhammaan dadka dhagoolayasha. Bulshada magaalada Borama waa dad aqoonta aad u tix-galiya taageero fiicana siiya horumarinta wax-barashada. Waxa lagu qiyaasaa in 95% shacabka magaaladu leeyahay aqoon dugsi dhexe, in ku dhow 30% eey aqoon heer jaamacadeed taasi oo iskugu jirta dal iyo dibad.<ref>Waxbarashada iyo horumarka gobolka Awdal</ref> ==Gaadiidka Safarka== Gaadiidka ugu muhiimsan ee magaalada Borama waa gaadiidka dhulka kaasi oo isku xidha wadanada [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo magaalada Borama iyo inta ee Somaliland. Sidoo kale waxay magaalada Borama leedahay [[Gegada Diyaaradaha Borama]] (Borama Airport) inkastoo aanu shaqaynin sanadan dambe, balse ay jirto rajo ah in dib u dhis lagu sameeyo.<ref>[[Gegada Diyaaradaha Borama]] (Borama Airport)</ref><ref>[https://skyvector.com/?ll=9.945556,43.150833&zoom=4 Aeronautical chart] at SkyVector </ref> ==Dadka Caanka Ah== Dad badan oo heerar kala duwan ah ayaa magaalada Borama deegaan ku ah. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: *Muuse Rabiile good* wasiirka keenay Gobalka ay dagmadani ku taalo ee Awdal *[[Daahir Rayaale Kaahin]], madaxweyihii hore ee Jamhuuriyada [[Somaliland]] *Cabdiraxman Saylici, madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland *[[Yusur A.F Abraar]], maareeyaha sare ee [[Soomaliya|Bankiga dhexe Soomaaliya]] *Dr.Abdirahman Ducale Bayle Wasiirkii hore ee Arimaha Dibada ee Soomaaliay ahna Madaxa mashaariicda dibada ee Afrika Development Bank *Cabdisalaam Cumar, wasiirka arimaha dibeda ee Soomaaliya ==Magaalo Mataan== Magaalada Borama waxay mataan la tahay magaalada Henley ee wadanka [[Ingiriis]]ka, taasi ooy leeyihiin xidhiidh aad u fiican. {| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"| |- ! style="background:#39e; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;"| Wadanka ! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:140px;"| Magaalada |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flag|United Kingdom}} |! !| [[File:Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom (St. Edward's Crown).svg|25px]] Henley-on-Thames |} ==Sidoo Kale Fiiri== *[[Adal]] *[[Jaamacada Camuud]] *[[Camuud]] * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ==Xusuusin== [https://www.horndiplomat.com/2023/10/12/sdf-funded-borama-water-supply-expansion-project-commissioned/ "Mashruuci Biyo Balaadhinta Boorama Oo SDF Maalgelisay"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2023/10/12/sdf-funded-borama-water-supply-expansion-project-commissioned/ |date=20241203060427 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150211231231/http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-03%20Land%20Cover%20of%20Selected%20Study%20Areas%20in%20Somaliland%20and%20Southern%20Somalia.pdf "Dadka Magaalada & Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya"] [https://www.horndiplomat.com/2023/10/12/sdf-funded-borama-water-supply-expansion-project-commissioned/ "Mashruuci Biyo Balaadhinta Boorama Oo SDF Maalgelisay"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2023/10/12/sdf-funded-borama-water-supply-expansion-project-commissioned/ |date=20241203060427 }} [https://www.horndiplomat.com/2023/10/12/sdf-funded-borama-water-supply-expansion-project-commissioned/ "Mashruuci Biyo Balaadhinta Boorama Oo SDF Maalgelisay"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2023/10/12/sdf-funded-borama-water-supply-expansion-project-commissioned/ |date=20241203060427 }} [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353680975 "Habka ka faa'iidaysiga daryeelka dhalmada ka hor iyo go'aaminta arrimaha haweenka da'da taranka ee Boorama, Somaliland"] [http://haatuf.net/Archive2003/Barwaqo.htm "UJEEDOOYINKA MAGACYADA MAGAALOOYINKA SOOMAALIYEED*"] [https://www.scribd.com/document/442929206/Ilbaxnimadii-Adal-Iyo-Sooyaalkii-Soomaaliyeed "Ilbaxnimadii Adal Iyo Sooyaalkii Soomaaliyeed: The Renaissance of Adal Somali history"] [https://www.scribd.com/document/442929206/Ilbaxnimadii-Adal-Iyo-Sooyaalkii-Soomaaliyeed "Ilbaxnimadii Adal Iyo Sooyaalkii Soomaaliyeed: The Renaissance of Adal Somali history"] [https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=bildhaan Boorame History and the Gadabuursi script] [https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010751/http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf "Qiimaynta Khayraadka Dhulka ee Soomaaliya"] [https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/3d5d0f3a4.pdf Bulshada xoolo-dhaqatada ah iyo qaxoontiga caalamiga ah: Dhaqdhaqaaqa dadweynaha ee Somaliland iyo bariga Itoobiya 1988 - 2000] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=z4AAAwAAQBAJ&q=gadabuursi+awdal&pg=PA296 Dhaqanka Burbursan: Dhaqanka, Sharciga iyo Shakhsiga ku sugan Badda Mediterranean-ka ee Muslimka] [http://asia-abdulkadir.de/docs/RendersTerlinden2010.pdf Wadaxaajoodka Dawladnimo: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Awoodda iyo Xukunka Afrika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=DZJPm2j2iz4C&pg=PA132 Waa Maxay Aragtida Horumarineed ee Soomaaliya?: Cilmiga u dhexeeya Is-casilaadda iyo Rajada? Dacwaddii Shirweynihii 6aad ee SSIA, Berlin 6-9 Diseembar 1996] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230303002340/https://www.unicef.org/somalia/SOM_resources_primschoolcensus20112.pdf "2011/2 Buuga Sannadka Tirakoobka Tirakoobka Dugsiga Hoose"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150403133013/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/minister-of-aviation-pledges-to-rejuvenate-borama-airport/ "Wasiirka Duulista Oo Balan Qaaday In Dib U Habayn Lagu Samayn Doono Madaarka Boorama | SOMALILANDINFORMER"]{{Reflist}} ==Tixraac== {{Gobolada Somaliland}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} [[Category:Tuulooyinka Somaliland]] [[Category:Magaalooyinka Somaliland]] [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Awdal]] czawou6jz7j7ui4xjxz8laxt623m7z9 Norway 0 2514 306331 297939 2026-08-31T11:11:18Z Martin Macha 2111 26674 /* */ 306331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Boqortooyada Norway<br /> Kingdom of Norway |native_name = {{unbulleted list |{{native name|nb|Kongeriket Norge}} |{{native name|nn|Kongeriket Noreg}} |{{native name|se|Norgga gonagasriika}}}} |common_name = Norway |image_flag = Flag of Norway.svg |image_coat = |image_map = Norway on the globe (Europe centered).svg |map_caption = |national_motto = {{unbulleted list |'''[[Boqortooyo]]:''' "Alt for Norge" |{{small|"Wax kasta waxaa leh Norway"}}}} <div style="padding-top:0.5em;">{{unbulleted list |'''1814 Dhaarta Eidsvoll:''' "Enig og tro til Dovre faller" |{{small|"Midnimo iyo daacad"}}}}</div> |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |''[[Ja, vi elsker dette landet]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(''[[de facto]]'')}} |{{small|''Haa, waan jecelnahay dalkaan''}} |<center>[[File:Norway (National Anthem).ogg]]</center><hr/>'''Heesta calan:''' ''[[Boqotooyo]]''<br />{{small|''Heesta boqotooyada''}}}} |official_languages = {{nowrap|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] {{small|([[Bokmål]]{{\}}[[Nynorsk]])}}<br />[[Northern Sami language|Northern Sami]] }} |regional_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[:en:Southern Sami language|Åarjelsaemien gïele]]|[[:en:Lule Sami language|Julevsámegiella]]|[[:en:Kven language|Kvääni]]|[[:en:Scandoromani language|Romani rakripa]]|[[:en:Romani language|Romani chib]]}} |official_religion = (none) {{unbulleted list | 74.9% Evangelic-Lutheran | 2.4% [[Katoolik]] | 3.8% (Mid kale: Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah) | 2.4% [[Islaamka]] | 1.6% Bini’aadantinimo }} [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|thumb|]] |demonym = [[Norwegians|Norsk, Nordmann]] |ethnic_groups = islam {{unbulleted list | 84% [[Norwegians]]<ref>[http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2011-04-28-01-en.html Population 1 January 2010 and 2011 and changes in 2010, by immigration category and country background. Absolute numbers; Statistics Norway, 1 January 2010]</ref> | 13% [[Sami]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151016014805/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html The World Factbook: Norway]</ref> | [[Kaynta Finnishka]] | Kvens | [[Romani]] | [[Yuhuuda]] | 12% kale }} |capital = {{Coat of arms|Oslo}} |latd=59 |latm=54.78 |latNS=N |longd=10 |longm=44.41|longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = Dal mida [[Baarlamaan]]i |leader_title1 = [[Boqortooyo]] |leader_name1 = [[:no:Haakon VIII| Haakon VIII]] |leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |leader_name2 = [[:no:Jonas Gahr Støre|Jonas Gahr Støre]] ([[Arbeiderpartiet|Ap]]) (2021–) |leader_title3 = Gugoomiyaha Baarlamaanka ''Storting'' |leader_name3 = [[:en:Masud Gharahkhani|Masud Gharahkhani]] ([[:bm;ü:Arbeiderpartiet|Ap]]) <small>(2021–)</small> |leader_title4 = Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare |leader_name4 = Toril Marie Øie (2016–) |legislature = ''Baarlamanka Norway Storting'' |state_religion = (none) |sovereignty_type = Taariikhda Norway |established_event1 = Midowgii Norway |established_date1 = 872 |established_event2 = Dastuurka Norway |established_date2 = 17 May 1814 |established_event3 = {{nowrap|Xiriirkii Noway iyo Iswidhan ee<br />midowgii Sweden iyo Nowray}} |established_date3 = 1 June 0000 |established_event4 = {{nowrap|Dib uga xurayntii<br />Jarmalka}} |established_date4 = 8 May 1945 |area_rank = 67th<sup>a</sup> |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 385,207<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Arealstatistics for Norway 2020, Kartverket, mapping directory for Norway, 2019 |url=https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/ |access-date=2019-03-04 |archive-date=2019-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608034913/https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |area_sq_mi = 148,729 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 5.7<sup>b</sup> |population_estimate = 5,627,400<ref name="ssbf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/folketall/statistikk/befolkning|title=Population, 2026-01-01|publisher=Statistics Norway|date=2026-02-25|accessdate=2026-02-26|language=en}}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = 120 |population_estimate_year = 2026 |population_census = 5,136,700<ref>[http://ssb.no/befolkning/statistikker/folkendrkv/kvartal/2013-11-21?fane=tabell#content Population on 1 October 2013 Statistics Norway]</ref> |population_census_year = 2013 |population_density_km2 = 14.6 |population_density_sq_mi = 37.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 213th |GDP_PPP_year = 2019 |GDP_PPP = $377.1 billion<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=9&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=142&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= Norway, IMF]</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 46th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $70,665 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 4th |GDP_nominal = $401.959 billion |GDP_nominal_rank = 22nd |GDP_nominal_year = 2017 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $73,450 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 3rd |Gini_year = 2015 |Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 27.5 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC) Eurostat Data Explorer |url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12 |access-date=2014-03-28 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |Gini_rank = 1st |HDI_year = 2022 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.966 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP2023">{{Cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-indexindicies/HDI|title=2022 Human Development Index Ranking|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|date=2023-03-13|accessdate=2024-03-16|language=en}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 2nd |currency = [[Norwegian krone]] |currency_code = NOK |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |date_format = dd.mm.yyyy |drives_on = midig |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Norway|+47]] |cctld = [[.no]]<sup>c</sup> }} '''Norway''' ama '''Boqortooyada Norway''' waa wadan ku yaalo qaarada [[Yurub]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Sweden]], [[Finland]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. wadanka Norway waa wadan aad u dheer, meesha ugu danbeeso waxee u dhowdahay meesha aduunka ku dhamaado, meelo waxaa jirto oo qoraxda ka dhicin. Norway waa wadan aad u duqsan oo jiri jiray 8000 oo sano ka hor. Dad waxaa degenaan jiray oo barafka ku safri jiray, gaar ahaan kuwa norweejka Fikinka ah, waa dad markasto raadin jiray dhul cusub. [[File:La_gare_centrale_dOslo_(4857016569).jpg |thumb|right|400px|]] Kuwani waa gobollada Norway 2020:<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Frå 1. januar 2020 er det 356 kommunar og 11 fylke i Noreg. |url=https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Norges-grenser/Kommune-og-fylkesgrenser/ |access-date=2020-02-12 |archive-date=2020-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205195528/https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Norges-grenser/Kommune-og-fylkesgrenser/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Nye_fylker_-_regjeringen.no_ISO_3166-2.svg|thumb|300px|County (fylke) 2020]] [[File:Map_Norway_political-geo.png|thumb|upright=1]] == Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed == Waxaa jira koox Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah oo [[Af Soomaali]] ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulamada qaar ayaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay: Soomaali |url=https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/weekly-meetings/search/SO/Norway/60.472024,8.468946/@58.184828,12.375802,5z |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2022-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327102107/https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/weekly-meetings/search/SO/Norway/60.472024,8.468946/@58.184828,12.375802,5z |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Daadka Deggan Norway== * {{Flag|Denmark}} 20,000+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 30,000+ * {{Flag|Sweden}} 20,000+ * [[Iceland]] 10,000+ * [[Svalbard]] [[Category:Wadamada Yurub]] *[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g200702/Svalbard-Land-of-the-Cold-Coasts/ Svalbard—Land of the Cold Coasts] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2012-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Norway/ Norway] *[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20030522/A-Spectacular-Voyage-on-Highway-No-1/ A Spectacular Voyage on Highway No. 1] == Xogta == nv69mk39skoh26whf3un9rvo2tlkij1 Dirisame 0 4314 306197 298280 2026-08-30T14:31:50Z ~2026-43847-76 47178 Waa sax 306197 wikitext text/x-wiki Dirisame Waa Beel Weyn Oo Kamida Beesha Gaaljecel Samoow Dirisame Waa Beel Weyn Oo Kamida Beesha Gaaljecel Samoow Dirisame waxuu u kala baxaa labo Reer haaji Gargilis iyo wasuge Wasuge waxuu usii Kala baxa 8 jilib oo Kala ah Abdinuur Waasuge , Cilmi Waasuge , Axmey Waasuge , Oradow Waasuge , Cali Waasuge , Soomane Waasuge , Wacays Waasuge Cismaan Waasuge , 2 [reer Haaji Gargilis]] |> haji Gargilis waxuu ukala.baxaa <nowiki>[[DALAB iyo Mahad alle ]]</nowiki> Dalab ayaa ukala baxo ilaa 8 Jilib oo kala ah 1=Dhayow samatar 2=Cifaaf samatar 3=Macow samatar 4=abdisamatar. 5=Cisman maxamud samatar. 6=Jibrail samatar. 7= faarax cumar. 8=Abdilla faarax. Dagmooyinka sida rasmiga u dagto beesha waxaa ka mid G.Hiirain Dagmada beledweyn , Dagmada ceel cali, Dagmada buq goosaar, Deegaanka caag xoog, Deegaanka wabxo, Deegaanka joogjoog, Dagmada buq aqable, G.bokool Dagmada tiyeeglow, Deegaanka burdho, Jubaland Dagmada kismaayo 50%, Dagmada afmadow 30%, Dagmada kudhaa 80%, Dagmada buurgaabo 100%, Deegaanka galaf (hoos tago dhobley), Dagmada Jilib , Dagmada buaale , Kenya Dagmada war-dirisame South wajir, Degmada libooyo-Kenya, Nairobi , Mombasa, Chief Caaqil, hogaamiye Khaliif Idiris Ordaaye,Nabadoonka ugu caansanaa gayga soomaaliyeed hogaamiye sare oo tan iyo 1970 kii ilaa 2010 soo hogaaminayey Beesha Dirisame, kana shaqeynayey Muddo dheer nabad kula noolashaha beelaha deriska la ah. Wuxuu ahaa ninka ugu da'da weyn beesha oo cimrigiisa alle u barakeeyey, wuxuu ahaa codkar caadil ah, culumo, nabadoon, deeqsi hogaan suuban leh. Alle naxariistii janno fardowso allaha ka waraabiyo Chief Caaqil, hogaamiye Khaliif Idiris Ordaaye, wuxuu ku geeriyooday Magaalada Beledweyne sanadka November 2019 Beesha Dirisame waxay lee dahay matalaad ahaan: 1 Xildhibaan Dowlada federalka ah , 2 Xildhibaan hirshabelle, 1 Xildhibaan jubaland , -Wasiirka caafimaad Dowlada federal, -labo wasiir oo hirshabelle , -Hal wasiir oo jubaland , -Gadoomiye ku xigeenka ka kowaad gobalka hiiraan, -Taliyaha asluubta hirshabelle , -Abaanduulaha Qeybt 27aad militarga somalia, s67xmfx8kycjxmr5svozw9wahddg7hc Jaamacada Carabta 0 4827 306316 306171 2026-08-31T10:15:58Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 306316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Ururka Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04”.||[[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|189px]]<s>[[HKG]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |05.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Faransiiska]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04”.||[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|189px]]<s>[[Singabuur]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>.: |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkiga]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<s!>[[Falastiin]]<S!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- |- <!>[[Militaries of:; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese;: R…………….!’?..!’?’ & TURKSH States.;;!'!.!'!.!'!]] [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdoms of Great BRITAIN; CNDNS & Ausies.!'?’& NZL; & IRLNDS.!'!'(.!'!'):; ARMIES EUROPEANS UNIONS.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>.::…!’! | |} <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.::.::. <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/european-union</Ref>.: |- <Ref>httphttps://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * 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https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 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Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} awgbj23g0t52d1lpicy85vws0e7k52h 306319 306316 2026-08-31T10:23:21Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 306319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Ururka Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04”.||[[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|189px]]<s>[[HKG]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |05.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]]<S’!’>[[Masar]]<S’!’> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]]<S’!>[[Bangladesh]]<s’!> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Faransiiska]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04”.||[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|189px]]<s>[[Singabuur]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>.: |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]]<S’!>[[Masar]]<!’s’> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S’!>[[Turkiga]]<!’?s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]]<!s’>[[Bangladesh]]<S’!’> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<s!>[[Falastiin]]<S!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S’!>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!’> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- |- <!>[[Militaries of:; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese;: R…………….!’?..!’?’ & TURKSH States.;;!'!.!'!.!'!]] [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdoms of Great BRITAIN; CNDNS & Ausies.!'?’& NZL; & IRLNDS.!'!'(.!'!'):; ARMIES EUROPEANS UNIONS.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>.::…!’! | |} <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.::.::. <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/european-union</Ref>.: |- <Ref>httphttps://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ 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{{Infobox geopolitical organisation | conventional_long_name = Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta | native_name = {{unbulleted list|جامعة الدول العربية ([[Carabi]])<br />{{transliteration|engvar=gb|ar|Jāmiʿat ad-Duwal al-ʿArabiyya}}}} | linking_name = Jaamacadda Carabta | image_flag = Flag of the Arab League.svg | image_map = Member states of the Arab League (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah oo ku cagaaran madow | symbol_type = [[Calaamada Jaamacadda Carabta|Calaamad]] | image_symbol = Emblem of the Arab League.svg | admin_center = [[Qaahira]]{{efn|Laga soo bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1990, [[Tunis]].}} | admin_center_type = Xarunta | membership_type = [[Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta|Xubnaha]] | membership = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |{{flag|Algeria}} |{{flag|Bahrain}} |{{flag|Comoros}} |{{flag|Djibouti}} |{{flag|Egypt}} |{{flag|Iraq}} |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{flag|Kuwait}} |{{flag|Lebanon}} |{{flag|Libya}} |{{flag|Mauritania}} |{{flag|Morocco}} |{{flag|Oman}} |{{flag|Palestine}} |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |{{flag|Somalia}} |{{flag|Sudan}} |{{flag|Syria}} |{{flag|Tunisia}} |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |{{flag|Yemen}} }} | official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabi]] | org_type = [[Regional organization|Urur goboleed]] | leader_title1 = [[Secretary General of the Arab League|Xoghayaha Guud]] | leader_name1 = [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit]] | leader_title2 = [[Speaker of the Arab Parliament|Gdoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Al-Yamahi]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Arab Parliament Speaker Welcomes UK Plan to Recognize Palestinian State | url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5170971-arab-parliament-speaker-welcomes-uk-plan-recognize-palestinian-state }}</ref> | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | established_event1 = [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] | established_date1 = 22 Maarso 1945 | established_event2 = [[Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] | established_date2 = 18 Juun 1950 | established_event3 = [[Heshiiskii Casablanca]] | established_date3 = 11 Sebtembar 1965 | established_event4 = [[Politics of the Arab League|Heshiiska Iskaashiga Garsoorka]] | established_date4 = 6 Abriil 1983 | established_event5 = [[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|Aagga Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Weyn]] | established_date5 = 2 Janaayo 2005 | area_label = Baaxadda guud | area_km2 = 13132327 | area_sq_mi = 5070420 | area_rank = Ka 2-aad | area_label2 = | area_data2 = | population_estimate = 481,233,000<ref name="IMFAPR2025">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=612,419,632,611,469,433,439,443,446,672,682,686,449,453,456,726,732,463,744,466,487,474,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LP,&sy=2010&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=IMF |access-date=11 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = Ka 3-aad | population_density_km2 = 36.64 | population_density_sq_mi = 94.91 | GDP_PPP = $9.423 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,581<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal = $3.546 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,369<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = Ka 7-aad | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | currency = {{ubl | {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Dinaarka Aljeeriya]] | {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Dinaarka Baxrayn]] | {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Farankada Comoros]] | {{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Farankada Jabuuti]] | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Paundiga Masar]] | {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Dinaarka Ciraaq]] | {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Dinaarka Urdun]] | {{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Dinaarka Kuwayt]] | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Paundiga Lubnaan]] | {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Dinaarka Liibiya]] | {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Ouguiyada Mauritania]] | {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Dirhamka Marooko]] | {{flagicon|Oman}} [[Riyaalka Cumaan]] | {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Riyaalka Qatar]] | {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyaalka Sacuudiga]] | {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Shilingiga Soomaaliga]] | {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Paundiga Suudaan]] | {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Paundiga Suuriya]] | {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Dinaarka Tuniisiya]] | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dirhamka Imaaraadka|Dirhamka Isutaga Imaaraadka Carabta]] | {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Riyaalka Yemen]]}} | time_zone = | utc_offset = +0 ilaa +4 | official_website = {{URL|http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/|leagueofarabstates.org}} }} {{Life in the Arab League}} '''Jaamacadda Carabta''' (Af-Carabi: الجامعة العربية), oo si rasmi ah loo yiraahdo '''Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta''' (جامعة الدول العربية), waa [[regional organization|urur goboleed]] ka tirsan [[Arab world|Dunida Carabta]]. Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa lagu aasaasay [[Qaahira]] taariikhdu markay ahayd 22 Maarso 1945, iyadoo ay ku midoobeen bilowgii toddobo xubnood: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Emirate of Transjordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[First Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], iyo [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen Waqooyi]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arab League|encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia|year=2013}}</ref> Hadda, Jaamaddu waxay leedahay [[member states of the Arab League|22 xubnood]], oo ay ku jiraan saddex waddan oo aan Carabi ahayn, waana [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]] iyo [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blair |first=Iain |last2=Grivna |first2=Michal |last3=Sharif |first3=Amer Ahmad |date=2014 |title=The "Arab World" is Not a Useful Concept When Addressing Challenges to Public Health, Public Health Education, and Research in the Middle East |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3988371/ |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=2 |pages=30 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00030 |doi-access=free|issn=2296-2565 |pmc=3988371 |pmid=24783189}}</ref> Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda ayaa ah "in ay sii dhoweyso xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyo in ay iskudduwo iskaashiga dhexmoodle, si loo ilaaliyo madaxbannaanidooda iyo qaranimadooda, hamigoodana loo eego si guud arrimaha iyo danaha dalalka Carabta".<ref name="yale">{{cite web|title=Pact of the League of Arab States, 22 March 1945|work=[[The Avalon Project]] |publisher=[[Yale Law School]]|year=1998|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/arableag.asp |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Ururku wuxuu taariikhdiisa oo dhan helay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=Barnett|first1=Michael|chapter=Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League|date=2007|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/crafting-cooperation/designed-to-fail-or-failure-of-design-the-origins-and-legacy-of-the-arab-league/5D266BBD41931A1E5D9CBE2266DABEBD|title=Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective|pages=180–220|editor-last=Johnston|editor-first=Alastair Iain|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511491436.006|isbn=978-0-521-69942-6|last2=Solingen|first2=Etel|editor2-last=Acharya|editor2-first=Amitav|access-date=22 December 2021|url-status=live|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hay'adaha ay leedahay, gaar ahaan [[Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization]] (ALECSO) iyo Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada ee [[Council of Arab Economic Unity]] (CAEU), Jaamacaddu waxay fududaysaa barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqaale, dhaqan, saynis, iyo bulsho ee loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo danaha Dunida Carabta.<ref>Ashish K. Vaidya, ''Globalization'' (ABC-CLIO: 2006), p. 525.</ref> Waxay u adeegtay sidii madal ay dalalka xubnaha ka ahi ugu duugi lahaayeen siyaasadda, ugu diyaarin lahaayeen daraasado iyo guddiyo la xiriira arrimaha wadajirka ah, ugu xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dowladaha, isla markaana ay ugu xaddidi lahaayeen dhibaatooyinka sida [[1958 Lebanon crisis|dhibaatadii Lubnaan ee 1958]]. Jaamacaddu waxay kaloo ahayd madal lagu qabyo-tiray oo lagu soo gabagabeeyey dukumiintiyo badan oo taariikhi ah oo dhiirrigelinaya is-dhexgalka dhaqaale. Hal tusaale waa [[Joint Arab Economic Action Charter]], oo qeexaysa mabaadi'da hawlaha dhaqaale ee gobolka. Waddan kasta oo xubin ka ahi wuxuu leeyahay hal cod oo ku dhex leh [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]], go'aanna waxaa ku waajib ah oo keliya kuwa u codeeyay. Ujeeddadii jaamacadda ee 1945 waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo oo la isku xir-xiro barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqan, dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee xubnaheeda isla markaana la dhex-dhexaadiyo khilaafaadka dhexmoodle ama kuwa iyaga iyo dhinacyada saddexaad u dhexeeya. Intaa waxaa dheer, saxiixida heshiis ku saabsan ''Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha'' 13 Abriil 1950 wuxuu ku waajibiyay saxiixayaasha inay isku duwaan tallaabooyinka difaaca milatari. Bishii Maarso 2015, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in la dhisay Ciidan Wadajir ah oo Carabi ah oo ujeedadoodu tahay in lagaga hortago xagjirnimada iyo khataraha kale ee soo wajahan Dowladaha Carabta. Go'aankaas waxaa la gaaray xilli [[Operation Decisive Storm]] ay ka sii dareysay Yemen. Ka-qaybgalka mashruucan waa mid ikhtiyaari ah, ciidankuna waxay soo farageliyaan oo keliya marka uu codsado mid ka mid ah dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Iskaashiga milatari ee horay u jiray ee u dhexeeyay dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta, dagaallada sokeeye ee gobolka, iyo khataraha argagixiso waxay ahaayeen kuwa dhaliyay dhismaha JAF.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fanack|title=The Joint Arab Force – Will It Ever Work?|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/league-arab-states/the-joint-arab-force-will-it-ever-work/|website=Fanack.com|access-date=13 July 2015}}</ref> Horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Golaha Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu soo jeediyay soo-jeedin ah in la abuuro [[Politics of the Arab League|Golayaasha Ganacsiga Wadajirka ah ee Carabta]] ee dalalka caalamiga ah dhexdiisa. Taasina waxay horseedday in la dejiyo waajibaadyo lagu dhiirrigelinayo, lagu taageerayo, loona fududeynayo ganacsiga labada dhinac ah ee u dhexeeya Dunida Carabta iyo la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga muhiimka ah. ==Taariikh== Ka dib markii la ansixiyay [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] sanadkii 1944, Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa la aas-aasay 22 Maarso 1945.<ref name="History">[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed Arab League formed – History.com This Day in History – 3/22/1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116041827/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed |date=16 November 2018 }}.</ref> Xarunta rasmiga ah ee Jaamacaddu waxay ahayd Qasriga Boustan ee Qaahira.<ref name= Baqai>{{cite journal|author=I. H. Baqai|title=The Pan-Arab League|journal=India Quarterly|date=May 1946|volume=2|issue=2|pages=144–150|jstor=45067282|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45067282|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> Waxay u jeedday in ay noqoto urur goboleed ay leeyihiin dalalka Carabta oo diiradda saaraya horumarinta dhaqaalaha, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo isku-dubaridka ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed.<ref name= Baqai/> Waddamo kale ayaa gadaal ka soo biiray jaamacadda.<ref>[http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm HowStuffWorks "Arab League"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815225240/http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm |date=15 August 2011 }} History.howstuffworks.com (27 February 2008). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.</ref> Waddan kasta waxaa la siiyay hal cod oo golaha dhexdiisa ah. Tallaabadii ugu weyneyd ee ugu horreysay waxay ahayd faragelin wadajir ah si looga hortago in Falastiin loo qaybiyo laba dal iyadoo la raacayo go'aankii Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Markii Urdun ay ogolaatay soo jeedintan, Masar waxay soo faragelisay si ay uga hortagto in taasi dhacdo.<ref>Avi Shlaim, ''Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine''. Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 1988; Uri Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London, Frank Cass, 1987; Joseph Nevo, King Abdullah and Palestine: A Territorial Ambition (London: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.</ref> Waxaa ku xigtay abuuritaanka heshiis difaaca wadajirka ah laba sano ka dib. Suuqa guud waxaa la dhisay 1965.<ref>Robert W. MacDonald, ''The League of Arab States: A Study in Regional Organization''. Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Princeton University Press, 1965.</ref> [[File:Arab League of states establishment - Egypt 22-3-1945.jpg|thumb|Shaambada xusuusta aasaaska Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta - Masar 22-3-1945. Muujineysa calammada 8-da waddan ee aas-aasayaasha ah: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Saudi Arabia|Boqortooyada Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]], [[Second Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]] iyo [[Palestine|Falastiin]]]] Sida uu qabo [[Michael N. Barnett|Michael Barnett]] iyo [[Etel Solingen]], Jaamacadda Carabta "waxay gaartay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah" taariikhdeeda oo dhan. Waxay sheegeen in qaab-dhismeedka Jaamacadda Carabta uu ka tarjumayo welwelka shakhsi ahaaneed ee hoggaamiyeyaasha Carabta ee ku aaddan badbaadada taliskooda: "si siyaasadeed waddaniyadda Carabta iyo aqoonsiga la wadaago waxay ku kellifeen dalalka Carabta inay qaataan hadallada midnimada Carabta si ay u sharciyeeyaan talisyadooda, isla markaana ay uga cabsadaan midnimada Carabta ficil ahaan sababtoo ah waxay ku soo rogi lahayd xannibaadyo ka waaweyn madaxbannaanidooda."<ref name=":0"/> Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa "si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay ku guuldarraysato soo saarista nooca iskaashiga iyo is-dhexgalka weyn ee daciifin lahaa hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadeed ee dalka gudihiisa."<ref name=":0"/> ==Juqraafi== {{main|Geography of the Arab world}} [[File:Arab League members colored by joining date.svg|thumb|right|Taariikhaha ay ku biireen dalalka xubnaha ka ah; Comoros (oo wareeg ku jirta) waxay ku biirtay 1993.<br />{{Color box|#f4eed7|border=darkgray}} 1940-meeyadii {{Color box|#decd87|border=darkgray}} 1950-meeyadii {{Color box|#c8ab37|border=darkgray}} 1960-meeyadii {{Color box|#786721|border=darkgray}} 1970-meeyadii]] Dalalka xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan {{convert|13000000|sqkm|abbr=on}} waxayna ku fidsan yihiin laba qaaradood: [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]. Gobolku inta badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay lama degaan abaaran, sida [[Saxaraha Weyn]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu kaloo ka kooban yahay dhulal aad u bacrin ah sida [[Dooxada Niil]], [[Dooxada Jubba]] iyo [[Dooxada Shabeelle]] ee ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], [[Buuraha Atlas]] ee ku yaal [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], iyo [[Fertile Crescent|Bilaha Bacrin ah]] ee ku fidsan [[Mesopotamia]] iyo [[Levant]]. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay keymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer adduunka, [[Niil]]. ==Xubinnimo== {{main|Member states of the Arab League}} [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Heshiiskii Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta, waa heshiiskii aas-aasiga ahaa ee Jaamacadda Carabta. La ansixiyay 1945, wuxuu dhigayaa in "Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta ay ka koobnaan doonaan Dowladaha Carabta ee madaxbannaan ee saxiixay Axdigan."<ref name="yale"/> Sannadkii 1945, waxaa jiray toddobo xubnood,<ref name="Brittanica">{{Cite web |title=Arab League|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-League |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|date=26 May 2024 }}</ref> laakiin hadda Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan 10 waddan oo Afrikaan ah: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Algeria}} * {{flag|Bahrain}} * {{flag|Comoros}} * {{flag|Djibouti}} * {{flag|Egypt}} * {{flag|Iraq}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} * {{flag|Lebanon}} * {{flag|Libya}} * {{flag|Mauritania}} * {{flag|Morocco}} * {{flag|Oman}} * {{flag|Palestine}} * {{flag|Qatar}} * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} * {{flag|Somalia}} * {{flag|Sudan}} * {{flag|Syria}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} * {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} * {{flag|Yemen}} }} iyo 7 waddan oo kormeerayaal ah (fiiro gaar ah: dalalka kormeerayaasha ah ee hoose waxaa lagu casuumay inay ka qaybgalaan fadhiyada gaarka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta laakiin ma laha xuquuq codayn): {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Armenia}}<ref name="Armenia">{{cite web| title = Armenia invited as observer for Arab League| publisher = Azad Hye| date = 19 January 2005| url = http://azad-hye.blogspot.ca/2005/01/observer-status-for-armenia-in-arab.html| access-date = 20 May 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name="Brazil">{{cite web| title = Brazil must be a facilitator in the Middle East, says VP| date = 14 August 2019| publisher = Brazil-Arab News Agency| url = https://anba.com.br/en/brazil-must-be-a-facilitator-in-the-middle-east-says-vp| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="Chad">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/4/29/chad-to-join-arab-league-as-observer|title=Chad to join Arab League as observer|date=29 April 2005|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Eritrea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/25874/nile-dam-still-raging-despite-global-pause-for-covid-19/|title=Nile dam still raging, despite global pause for COVID-19|website=The Africa Report|date=8 April 2020|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Greece}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2021/07/12/greece-observer-arab-league/|title=Greece to become observer member of the Arab League|website=www.greekcitytimes.com|date=12 July 2021 |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> * {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/india-and-the-arab-league-walking-the-trade-talk/|title=India and the Arab League: Walking the Trade Talk|website=thediplomat.com|date=21 December 2014|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Venezuela}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/30/world/meast/arab-league-fast-facts/index.html|title=Arab League Fast Facts|website=CNN|date=30 July 2013|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> }} === Hakinta xubinnimada === [[Egypt|Masar]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda Jaamacadda Carabta 26 Maarso 1979 sabab la xiriirta [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|Heshiiskii nabadda ee Masar iyo Israa'iil]], iyadoo xarunta Jaamacaddu ay ka soo guurtay Qaahira oo ay u aadday [[Tunis]], Tuniisiya. Sannadkii 1987, dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay dib u soo celiyeen xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ee ay la lahaayeen Masar, dalkuna wuxuu dib ugu biiray Jaamacadda bishii May 1989, xarunta Jaamacaddana waxaa loo soo celiyay Qaahira bishii Sebtembar 1990.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2008 |title=Timeline: Arab League |publisher=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1550977.stm |access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref> [[Libya]] xubinnimadeeda waa la hakinay 22 Febraayo 2011, ka dib markii uu qarxay [[first Libyan civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Libyan kowaad]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4032530,00.html | title= Libya suspended from Arab League sessions | website= Ynetnews.com | date= 2011-02-22 | access-date= 2014-04-28}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u codeysay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Libya 27 Agoosto 2011 iyadoo aqoonsatay wakiil ka socda [[National Transitional Council|Golaha Kala-guurka Qaranka]], oo ahaa dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee dalkaas qayb ahaan aqoonsiga haysatay.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rttnews.com/Content/GeneralNews.aspx?Id=1700187&SM=1 |work= RTT News |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=25 August 2011 |title=Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council}}</ref> [[Syria|Suuriya]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda 16 Nofeembar 2011 ka dib markii uu qarxay [[Syrian civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Suuriya]]. 6 Maarso 2013, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay kursigii Suuriya ee Jaamacadda siisay [[Syrian National Coalition|Isbahaysiga Qaran ee Suuriya]], oo ahaa kooxda mucaaradka ah ee ugu weyn [[Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad|mucaaradka Suuriya]].<ref name="syriannationalcoalition">{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/26/syrian-opposition-appeals-nato-support|title= Syrian opposition takes Arab League seat|first= Ian|last= Black|work= The Guardian|date= 26 March 2013|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> 9 Maarso 2014, xoghayaha guud [[Nabil Elaraby]] wuxuu sheegay in kursiga Suuriya uu ahaan doono mid banneyn ilaa inta mucaaradku ka dhammaystiranayaan dhismaha hay'adahooda.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-09/249749-syria-opposition-not-yet-ready-for-arab-league-seat.ashx|title= Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'|work= The Daily Star Newspaper|place= Lebanon|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> Sannadkii 2021, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday geeddi-socod caadi-yareyn ah oo u dhexeeya [[Ba'athist Syria|dowladda Ba'athist-ka Suuriya]] iyo waddamada kale ee Carabta.<ref>[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ "Saudi Arabia: Talks underway on Syria's return to Arab League"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315152236/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ |date=15 March 2023 }} ''middleeastmonitor''. Accessed 25 March 2023.</ref> 7 Maajo 2023, shirka [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]] ee ka dhacay Qaahira, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Suuriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/05/07/Arab-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-Syria-s-return-to-Arab-League-Sudan-conflict|title=Arab foreign ministers agree to readmit Syria to the Arab League|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=7 May 2023|access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> ==Siyaasadda iyo maamulka== {{main|Politics of the Arab League}} {{see also|Charter of the Arab League|Council of the Arab League|Arab Parliament|Foreign relations of the Arab League}} [[File:Arab Leage HQ 977.PNG|thumb|Xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta, [[Qaahira]].]] [[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb| {{legend|#cdcd9c|Aqoonsiga labada [[Israel|Israa'iil]] iyo Dawladda Falastiin}} {{legend|#FF4500|Aqoonsiga Dawladda Falastiin keliya}}]] Jaamacadda Carabta waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu caawiyo is-dhexgalka dhaqaale ee xubnaheeda, iyo in uu xalliyo khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyadoon la weydiisan gargaar dibadda ah. Waxay leedahay qaybo ka mid ah baarlamaan metela dawladaha halka arrimaha dibaddana inta badan lagu maamulo kormeerka Qaramada Midoobay hoosteeda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D36214%26URL_DO%3DDO_PRINTPAGE%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html|title=The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALESCO)|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]] wuxuu ansixiyay mabda'a [[Pan-Arabism|qaran-qaranimada Carabta]] iyadoo la ixtiraamayo [[sovereignty|madaxbannaanida]] dalalka xubnaha shakhsi ahaaneed. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda iyo guddiyada waxaa lagu heshiiyay Oktoobar 1951. Kuwa Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku saleysnaa laba-jibaarka hay'adaha sare ee gobolka iyo madaxbannaanida dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta qaranimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay xooggeeda ka soo qaadaneysaa dookha dabiiciga ah ee eliska taliska si ay u ilaashadaan awooddooda iyo madaxbannaanidooda go'aan-qaadasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Arab Cold War|mucaaradka u dhexeeya madaxda Carabta]], iyo saameynta awoodaha dibadda ee ka soo horjeesan kara midnimada Carabta waxaa loo arki karaa caqabado hortaagan is-dhexgal qoto dheer oo jaamacadda ah. Iyagoo maanka ku haya ku dhawaaqidoodii hore ee ay ku taageerayeen [[Arabs|Carabta]] [[Palestine|Falastiin]], aasaasayaashii Axdiga waxay go'aansadeen inay ku daraan gudaha Jaamacadda tan iyo bilowgii.<ref name=geddes>Geddes, 1991, p. 208.</ref> Taasi waxaa lagu sameeyay lifaaq caddaynaya:<ref name="yale"/> {{cquote|In kasta oo Falastiin aysan awood u lahayn in ay maamusho qaddarkeeda, haddana waxay ahayd saldhigga aqoonsiga madaxbannaanideeda in Axdiga Golaha Qarammada Midoobay uu u go'aamiyay nidaam dowladeed iyada. Sida darteed, jiritaankeeda iyo madaxbannaanideeda ka dhexaysa quruumaha lagama su'aali karo ''de jure'' in ka badan madaxbannaanida mid ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Carabta. [...] Sida darteed, Dowladaha saxiixay Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qabaan in marka la eego xaaladaha gaarka ah ee Falastiin, Golaha Jaamacadda uu u magacaabo wakiil Carabi ah oo ka socda Falastiin si uu uga qaybqaato shaqadeeda ilaa dalkan uu ka helayo madaxbannaanida dhabta ah}} Bishii Sebtembar 1963, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u magacowday [[Ahmad Shukeiri]] Wakiilka Falastiin ee Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Har-El |first=Shai |title=China and the Palestinian Organizations: 1964–1971 |date=2024 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3-031-57827-4}}</ref> Shir-madaxeedkii Qaahira ee 1964, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday abuuritaanka urur metela dadka Falastiin. [[Palestinian National Council|Golaha Qaranka ee Falastiin]] ee ugu horreeyay wuxuu ku shiray [[East Jerusalem|Quddusbari]] 29 May 1964. [[Palestine Liberation Organization|Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin]] waxaa la aas-aasay intii uu socday shirkan 2 Juun 1964. Falastiin waxaa si dhakhso ah loogu aqbalay Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo ay matalayso PLO. Maanta, [[State of Palestine|Dawladda Falastiin]] waa xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta. Shir-madaxeedkii [[Beirut Summit|Beeruut]] ee 28 Maarso 2002, jaamacaddu waxay ansixisay [[Arab Peace Initiative|Hindisaha Nabadda ee Carabta]], oo ah qorshe nabadeed oo uu dhiirrigeliyay Sacuudigu oo ku aaddan [[Arab–Israeli conflict|khilaafka Carabta iyo Israa'iil]]. Hindisuhu wuxuu soo bandhigay caadi-yareyn buuxda oo ku saabsan xiriirka [[Israel|Israa'iil]]. Taas beddelkeedana, Israa'iil waxaa laga rabaa inay ka baxdo dhammaan [[Israeli-occupied territories|dhulka la haysto]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Golan Heights]], inay aqoonsato madaxbannaanida Falastiin ee [[West Bank|Daanta Galbeed]] iyo [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda, iyo sidoo kale "xal caddaalad ah" oo loo helo [[Palestinian refugees|qaxootiga Falastiin]]. Hindisaha Nabadda waxaa dib loogu taageeray 2007 Shir-madaxeedkii Riyadh. Bishii Luulyo 2007, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u dirtay ergo ka koobnayd wasiirrada arrimaha dibadda ee [[Jordan|Urdun]] iyo [[Egypt|Masar]] oo tagtay Israa'iil si ay u dhiirrigeliyaan hindisaha. Ka dib tallaabadii [[Venezuela]] ay ku cayrisay diblomaasiyiinta Israa'iil intii uu socday [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict|dagaalkii Gaza ee 2008-2009]], xildhibaanka Kuwayt [[Waleed Al-Tabtabaie]] wuxuu soo jeediyay in xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta loo raro [[Caracas, Venezuela|Caracas]], [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-13536--12-12--.html|title=Kuwaiti MP calls to move Arab league to Venezuela|access-date=16 January 2009|date=15 January 2009|work=AFP, via CaribbeanNetNews}}</ref> 13 Juun 2010, Amr Mohammed Moussa, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta, wuxuu booqday [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], taas oo ahayd booqashadii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta tan iyo markii Hamas ay la wareegtay gacan-ku-haynta hubaysan 2007. Jaamacadda Carabta waa xubin ka tirsan [[China-Arab States Cooperation Forum]] (CASCF), oo la aas-aasay 2004. CASCF waa ka-qaybgalkii ugu horreeyay ee Jaamacadda Carabta ee madal iskaashi oo ay la leedahay waddan ama gobol kale.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=58}}</ref> CASCF waa hab-maamuleedka isku-dubaridka dhinacyada badan ee u dhexeeya dalalka Carabta iyo Shiinaha, waxaana gudaha CASCF Jaamacadda Carabta ay ku matashaa dalalkeeda xubnaha ka ah sidii xoog isku midaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=57}}</ref> Isku-dubaridka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u oggolaaneysaa dalalka Carabta inay si firfircoon ula xaajoodaan mashaariicda wadajirka ah ee ay ku jiraan dhowr waddan, sida mashaariicda tareennada, mashaariicda tamarta nukliyeerka, iyo hindisayaasha Badda Dhimatay.<ref name=":1" /> Sannadkii 2015, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|faragelinta milatari ee uu hoggaaminayo Sacuudiga ee Yemen]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Zaidiyyah|Xuutiyiinta Shiicada ah]] iyo ciidamada daacadda u ah Madaxweynihii hore [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]], oo xukunka looga tuuray [[Yemeni Revolution|kacaankii 2011]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-joint-arab-military-force-20150329-story.html|agency=Los Angeles Times|title=Arab League's joint military force is a 'defining moment' for region|date=29 March 2015|first1=Christina|last1=Boyle|first2=Zaid|last2=al-Alayaa|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> 15 Abriil 2018, iyaga oo uga jawaabaya [[Operation Olive Branch|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyiga Suuriya]] ee ujeeddadiisu ahayd in lagu ceyriyo [[People's Protection Units|Kurdida Suuriya]] ee ay taageerto Maraykanka magaalada [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]], Jaamacadda Carabta waxay meel marisay qaraar ugu baaqaya ciidamada Turkiga inay ka baxaan Afrin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey slams Arab League resolution on Afrin operation|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkey-slams-arab-league-resolution-on-afrin-operation-3329296|publisher=Yeni Safak|date=18 April 2018|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref> Bishii Sebtembar 2019, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay cambaaraysay qorshaha [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] ee ah inuu [[Annexation|la wareego]] qaybta bariga ee Daanta Galbeed ee la haysto ee loo yaqaanno [[Jordan Valley|Dooxada Urdun]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Arab nations condemn Netanyahu's Jordan Valley annexation plan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49657915 |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay ku kulantay Qaahira 12 Oktoober 2019 si ay uga wada hadlaan [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyi-bari Suuriya]]. Markii ay kulmeen, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay u codeeyeen inay cambaaraan duullaanka Turkiga, iyagoo ku tilmaamay labadaba 'duulaan' iyo 'gardarro' ka dhan ah waddan Carabi ah, waxayna ku dareen in ururku u arko mid xadgudub ku ah sharciga caalamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arableague-turkey-syria-idUSKBN1WR0C9|title=Turkey's Syria offensive an 'invasion': Arab League secretary general|date=2019-10-12|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> 9 Sebtembar 2020, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay diiday inay cambaarayso go'aanka [[United Arab Emirates|Imaaraadka Carabta]] ee ahaa inuu [[Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement|caadi ka dhigo xiriirka uu la leeyahay Israa'iil]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "ujeeddada ay dalalkeenna Carabta oo dhan raadinayaan, marka laga reebo midna, waa in la soo afjaro shaqaysiga lana aasaaso dawlad Falastiin oo madaxbannaan oo ku salaysan xuduudihii 1967 iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda," ayuu yiri [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit|Aboul Gheit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/arab-league-ministers-agree-condemn-uae-israel-deal-200909141524785.html|title=Arab League: Ministers agree not to condemn UAE-Israel deal|date=September 9, 2020|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> Janaayo 2024, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|dacwadda xasuuqa ee Koonfur Afrika ay u gudbisay Maxkamadda ICJ]] ee ka dhanka ah Israa'iil.<ref>{{cite news |title=Genocide case against Israel: Where does the rest of the world stand on the momentous allegations? |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515627.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=13 January 2024}}</ref> ==Liiska shir-madaxedyada== [[File:Arab League Summit Logo.png|right|thumb|Calaamada [[Arab League Summit 2013|Shir-madaxeedka Jaamacadda Carabta 2013]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|1]] || data-sort-value="1964-01-13" | 13–17 Janaayo 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Alexandria)|2]] || data-sort-value="1964-09-05" | 5–11 Sebtembar 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Iskandariya]] |- | [[1965 Arab League summit|3]] || data-sort-value="1965-09-13" | 13–17 Sebtembar 1965 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1967 Arab League summit|4]] || data-sort-value="1967-08-29" | 29 Agoosto 1967 || {{flag|Sudan|1956}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[1968 Arab League summit|5]] || data-sort-value="1969-12-21" | 21–23 Diseembar 1969 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1973 Arab League summit|6]] || data-sort-value="1973-11-26" | 26–28 Nofeembar 1973 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1974 Arab League summit|7]] || data-sort-value="1974-10-29" | 29 Oktoober 1974 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Cairo)|8]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-25" | 25–26 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Egypt|1972}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1978 Arab League summit|9]] || data-sort-value="1978-11-02" | 2–5 Nofeembar 1978 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1979 Arab League summit|10]] || data-sort-value="1979-11-20" | 20–22 Nofeembar 1979 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[1980 Arab League summit|11]] || data-sort-value="1980-11-21" | 21–22 Nofeembar 1980 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1982 Arab League summit|12]] || data-sort-value="1982-09-06" | 6–9 Sebtembar 1982 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Fez, Morocco|Fes]] |- | [[1985 Arab League summit|13]] || 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1987 Arab League summit|14]] || 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1988 Arab League summit|15]] || data-sort-value="1988" | Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1989 Arab League summit|16]] || 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1990 Arab League summit|17]] || 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1996 Arab League summit|18]] || 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[2001 Arab League summit|19]] || data-sort-value="2001-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2001 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[2002 Arab League summit|20]] || data-sort-value="2002-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2002 || {{flag|Lebanon}} ||[[Beirut]] |- | [[2003 Arab League summit|21]] || data-sort-value="2003-03-01" | 1 Maarso 2003 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] |- | [[2004 Arab League summit|22]] || data-sort-value="2004-05-22" | 22–23 Maajo 2004 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[2005 Arab League summit|23]] || data-sort-value="2005-03-22" | 22–23 Maarso 2005 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2006 Arab League summit|24]] || data-sort-value="2006-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2006 || {{flag|Sudan}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[2007 Arab League summit|25]] || data-sort-value="2007-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2007 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Riyadh]] |- | [[2008 Arab League summit|26]] || data-sort-value="2008-03-29" | 29–30 Maarso 2008 || {{flag|Ba'athist Syria|1980|name=Syria}}||[[Damascus]] |- | [[2009 Arab League summit|27]] || data-sort-value="2009-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2009 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]] |- | [[2010 Arab League summit|28]] || data-sort-value="2010-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2010 || {{flag|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|name=Libya}}||[[Sirte]] |- | [[2012 Arab League summit|29]] || data-sort-value="2012-03-27" | 27–29 Maarso 2012 || {{flag|Iraq}} ||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[2013 Arab League summit|30]] || data-sort-value="2013-03-21" | 21–27 Maarso 2013 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab League Summit 2013|url=http://qatarconferences.org/arableaguesummit2013/|access-date=2023-02-10|website=qatarconferences.org}}</ref> |- | [[2014 Arab League summit|31]] || data-sort-value="2014-03-25" | 25–26 Maarso 2014 || {{flag|Kuwait}} ||[[Kuwait City]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mater|first=Jassim|title=Summit hit by new rifts|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2014/3/23/arab-league-summit-hit-by-new-rifts|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2015 Arab League summit|32]] || data-sort-value="2015-03-28" | 28–29 Maarso 2015 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm El Sheikh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opposition fail to get Syria Arab League seat|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/3/27/opposition-fail-to-get-syria-arab-league-seat|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2016 Arab League summit|33]] || data-sort-value="2016-07-20" | 20 Luulyo 2016 || {{flag|Mauritania|1959}} ||[[Nouakchott]] |- | [[2017 Arab League summit|34]] || data-sort-value="2017-03-23" | 23–29 Maarso 2017 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/2016/11/02/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3.html|title=الأردن يستضيف القمة العربية في مارس|website=www.alarabiya.net|date=November 2016|access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> |- | [[2018 Arab League summit|35]] || data-sort-value="2018-04-15" | 15 Abriil 2018 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Dhahran]] |- | [[2019 Arab League summit|36]] || data-sort-value="2019-03-31" | 31 Maarso 2019 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/47928/Tunisia-to-host-next-Arab-summit|title=Tunisia to host next Arab summit|website=EgyptToday|date=15 April 2018|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> |- | [[2022 Arab League summit|37]] || data-sort-value="2022-11-01" | 1 Nofeembar 2022 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2023 Arab League summit|38]] || data-sort-value="2023-05-19" | 19 Maajo 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Jeddah]] |- | [[2024 Arab League summit|39]] || data-sort-value="2024-05-16" | 16 Maajo 2024 || {{flag|Bahrain}} ||[[Manama]] |- | [[2025 Arab League summit|40]] | data-sort-value="2025-05-17" | 17 Maajo 2025 | {{flag|Iraq}} | [[Baghdad]] |} ===Shir-madaxedyada degdegga ah=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1970 Arab League summit|1]] || data-sort-value="1970-09-21" | 21–27 Sebtembar 1970 || {{flag|United Arab Republic|1958}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)|2]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-17" | 17–28 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 3 || data-sort-value="1985-09-07" | 7–9 Sebtembar 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Casablanca]] |- | 4 || data-sort-value="1987-11-08" | 8–12 Nofeembar 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} || [[Amman]] |- | 5 || data-sort-value="1988-06-07" | 7–9 Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Algiers]] |- | 6 || data-sort-value="1989-06-23" | 23–26 Juun 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Casablanca]] |- | 7 || data-sort-value="1990-05-28" | 28–30 Maajo 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}} || [[Baghdad]] |- | 8 || data-sort-value="1990-08-09" | 9–10 Agoosto 1990 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 9 || data-sort-value="1996-06-22" | 22–23 Juun 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 10 || data-sort-value="2000-10-21" | 21–22 Oktoober 2000 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 11 || data-sort-value="2016-01-07" | 7 Janaayo 2016 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | [[2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit|12]] || data-sort-value="2023-11-11" | 11 Nofeembar 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 13 || data-sort-value="2025-03-04" | 4 Maarso 2025 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- |} {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Labada shir-madaxeed laguma darin nidaamka shir-madaxedyada Jaamacadda Carabta: ** [[Anshas]], Masar: 28–29 Maajo 1946. ** Beirut, Lubnaan: 13 – 15 Nofeembar 1958. * Shir-madaxeedkii 12aad ee Fes, Morocco, wuxuu dhacay laba marxaladood: ** 25 Nofeembar 1981: Kulankii 5-ta saacadood ahaa wuxuu ku dhammaaday adigoon wax heshiis ah laga gaarin dukumiintiga. ** 6–9 Sebtembar 1982. {{colend}} ==Milatari== {{Main|Military of the Arab League}} Golaha Difaaca Wadajirka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa mid ka mid ah [[Institutions of the Arab League|Hay'adaha Jaamacadda Carabta]].<ref name="ABC-CLIO">{{cite web|title=Arab-Israeli Wars: 60 Years of Conflict|url=http://www.historyandtheheadlines.abc-clio.com/ContentPages/ContentPage.aspx?entryId=1281297|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Waxaa la aas-aasay hoos imaanaya shuruudaha [[Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty|Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] ee 1950 si loo isku dubarido [[Collective security|difaaca wadajirka ah]] ee [[Member states of the Arab League|dalalka xubnaha ka ah]] Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Osmańczyk|first=Edmund Jan|author-link=Edmund Osmańczyk|chapter=League of Arab States|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Anthony|volume=2|edition=3|page=1290|place=New York|publisher=Routledge|year=2003}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta ahaan urur ahaan ma laha ciidan milatari, si la mid ah Qaramada Midoobay, laakiin shir-madaxeedkii 2007, hoggaamiyeyaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay dejiyaan siyaasadooda difaaca wadajirka ah ayna dhistaan ciidan nabad ilaalin ah oo la geeyo koonfurta Lubnaan, Darfur, Ciraaq, iyo meelaha kale ee kulul. Shir-madaxeedkii 2015 ee ka dhacay Masar, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ku heshiiyeen mabda' ahaan inay dhistaan ciidan milatari oo wadajir ah.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-arabs-communique-idUSL6N0WV03T20150329|title=Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2015|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> ==Khayraadka dhaqaalaha== {{Main|Economy of the Arab League}} {{See also|List of countries by GDP (PPP)|List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita}} Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qani ku tahay khayraadka, sida [[oil|shidaalka]] baaxadda leh iyo kheyraadka [[natural gas|gaaska dabiiciga ah]] ee ku jira dalal qaar oo xubno ka ah. Guulaha dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Jaamacaddu ee dhexmaray dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan sidaas u xoog badnayn marka loo eego kuwa ay gaareen ururada Carabta ee ka yar sida [[Gulf Cooperation Council|Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka]] (GCC).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN2041155720081120|title=Reuters.com|work=Reuters|date=20 November 2008|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Waxaa ka mid ah [[Arab Gas Pipeline|Dhuumaha Gaaska Carabta]], oo qaadi doona gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq oo la gayn doono Urdun, Suuriya, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo xagga dhaqaalaha ah oo u dhexeeya dalalka shidaalka leh ee horumaray ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[UAE]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]] iyo [[Yemen]]. [[File:OAPEC Members.png|thumb|right|Xubnaha [[OAPEC]]]] Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kaloo ku jira dhulal aad u bacrin ah oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Sudan]]. Waxaa loogu yeeraa dambiisha cuntada ee [[Arab World|Dunida Carabta]], iyadoo aanay xasillooni-darridda gobolka oo ay ku jirto madaxbannaanida [[South Sudan]] aysan saameyn ku yeelan warshadeeda [[tourism|dalxiiska]], taas oo loo arko warshadaha ugu koboca degdeg badan gobolka, iyadoo [[Egypt]], [[UAE]], [[Lebanon]], [[Tunisia]], iyo [[Jordan]] ay hormuud ka yihiin. Warshad kale oo si xawli ah uga kobeysa Jaamacadda Carabta waa isgaarsiinta. Guulaha dhaqaale ee dhexmaray xubnaha waxay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya taariikhda jaamacadda, ururada kale ee Carabta ee ka yar ayaa gaaray waxyaabo ka badan intii ay jaamacaddu gaartay, sida [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]], laakiin dhawaanahan dhowr mashruuc oo dhaqaale oo waaweyn oo ballanqaad leh ayaa la dhammaystirayaa, dhuumaha gaaska Carabta ayaa la filayaa inay dhammaadaan 2010, iyagoo ku xiraya Gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq Urdun, Suuriya iyo Lubnaan, ka dibna Turkiga sidaasna Yurub, heshiis ganacsi xor ah ([[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|GAFTA]]) ayaa la dhammaystiray 1 January 2008, taasoo ka dhigtay 95% dhammaan alaabta Carabta kuwo canshuur la'aan ah oo caado ah. ===Gaadiidka=== Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, iyadoo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo [[Near East|Bariga Dhexe]] ay gebi ahaanba isku xiran yihiin dhanka hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareennada. Qayb kale oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda waa [[Nile Valley|Dooxada Niil]], oo ka kooban [[Egypt|Masar]] iyo [[Sudan|Suudaan]]. Labadan waddan ee xubnaha ka ah waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan nidaamka navigation-ka ee Webiga Niil si loo hagaajiyo helitaanka sidaas kalena loo dhiirrigeliyo ganacsiga. Nidaam cusub oo tareen ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfureed ee Masar ee [[Abu Simbel]] magaalada waqooyiga Suudaan ee [[Wadi Halfa]] ka dibna [[Khartoum]] iyo [[Port Sudan]]. Qaybta saddexaad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], halkaas oo dherer gaaraya 3,000 km oo tareen ah uu ka socdo magaalooyinka koonfureed ee [[Morocco]] ilaa [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] ee galbeedka [[Libya]]. Qaybta afraad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], oo ay xubnaheeda ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]. Labadan waddan ee Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kala soocaya oo keliya toban mayl oo badda ah Gacanka Carabta oo ay dhex marto [[Bab el Mandeb]], taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu beddelaysaa maadaama Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalka [[Osama bin Laden]], uu bilaabay dhismaha mashruuca hмиisada leh ee [[Bridge of the Horns]], kaas oo ujeeddadiisu tahay inuu ku xiro [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]] iyo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyada oo la marinayo buundo weyn. Mashruucu waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo isu-socodka qarniyada soo jireenka ah ee u dhexeeya labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee Jaamacadda waa jasiiradaha go'doomiyey ee [[Comoros]] ee ku yaal xeebta [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]], oo aan si jireed ugu xirnayn waddan kale oo Carabi ah, laakiin weli la ganacsada xubnaha kale ee Jaamacadda Carabta. ==Akhris-qoraalka (Literacy)== {{main|List of countries by literacy rate}} Ururinta xogta akhris-qoraalka, dalal badan ayaa qiyaasa tirada dadka wax akhriya oo qora iyagoo ku saleynaya xog ay soo sheegeen shaqsiyaadkooda. Qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan xogta heerka waxbarasho sidii tilmaame, laakiin cabbiraadaha soo-xairashada dugiska ama dhameystirka fasalka waa ay kala duwanaan karaan. Sababtoo ah qeexitaannada iyo hababka ururinta xogta waa ay ku kala duwan yihiin dalalka, qiyaasta akhris-qoraalka waa in si taxaddar leh loo isticmaalo. [[United Nations Development Programme]], [[Human Development Report]] 2010. Gobolka [[Persian Gulf|Khaliijka Carabta]] wuxuu yeeshay [[oil boom|barwaaqo shidaal]], taasoo sahlaysa in la dhiso dugsiyo iyo jaamacado badan. {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Heerka [[Literacy|akhris-qoraalka]] (%) |- | 1 || {{flag|Qatar}} || 97.3<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|date=2007-06-13|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Literacy|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html|access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> |- | 2 || {{flag|Palestine}} || 96.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 3 || {{flag|Kuwait}} || 96.3<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 4 || {{flag|Bahrain}} || 95.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 5 || {{flag|Jordan}} || 95.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 6 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 94.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 7 || {{flag|Lebanon}} || 93.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 8 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 93.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 9 || {{flag|Oman}} || 91.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 10 || {{flag|Libya}} || 91<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 11 || {{flag|Syria}} || 86.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 12 || {{flag|Iraq}} || 85.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 13 || {{flag|Tunisia}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 14 || {{flag|Comoros}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 15 || {{flag|Algeria}} || 80.2<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 16 || {{flag|Sudan}} || 75.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 17 || {{flag|Egypt}} || 73.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 18 || {{flag|Yemen}} || 70.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 19 || {{flag|Djibouti}} || 70.0<ref name="Pcaotw">{{cite book|last=DK Publishing|title=Compact Atlas of the World|date=2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0756698591|page=138|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC|access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> |- | 20 || {{flag|Morocco}} || 68.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 21 || {{flag|Mauritania}} || 52.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 22 || {{flag|Somalia}} || 44–72<ref>{{cite web|title=Family Ties: Remittances and Livelihoods Support in Puntland and Somaliland|url=http://www.fsnau.org/downloads/Remittances-and-Livelihoods-Support-in-Puntland-and-Somaliland.pdf#6|publisher=FSNAU|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> |- |} ==Dadweynaha== {{main|Demographics of the Arab world}} Halka [[Arabs|Carabtu]] ay ka yihiin inta badan dadka ku nool Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo [[Egyptians|Masriyiinta]] ay ka dhiganyihiin dadweynaha ugu badan ee kooxdan gudaheeda ah, haddana gobolku wuxuu kaloo hoy u yahay kooxo kale oo qowmiyaddu gooni u ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Berbers|Berber-ka]], [[Kurds|Kurdida]], [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrianka]], [[Armenians|Armiinika]], [[Nubians|Nubiyaanka]], [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]], iyo [[Circassians|Cherkes-ka]]. Koox kasta oo ka mid ah kooxahan waxay leedahay dhaqan, luqad, iyo caadooyin u gaar ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1 Luulyo 2013, ku dhowaad 359 milyan oo qof ayaa ku nool dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. Tirada dadkeedu waxay si dhaqso leh uga koraysaa inta badan gobollada kale ee caalamka. Waddanka xubinta ka ah ee dadkiisu badanyahay waa [[Egypt|Masar]], oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100 milyan oo qof.<ref name="Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics">{{cite web |title=Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> Kan ugu yar dadweyne ahaan waa [[Comoros]], oo leh qiyaastii 850,000 oo qof. {| style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;" class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Tirada Dadka !! Cufnaanta (/km<sup>2</sup>) !! Cufnaanta (sq mi) !! Xusuusin |- | 1 || align=left|{{flag|Egypt}} || 109,450,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 109450000 / 1001449 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 2 || align=left|{{flag|Sudan}} || 50,418,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 50418000 / 1886068 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 3 || align=left|{{flag|Algeria}} || 47,251,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 47251000 / 2381741 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 4 || align=left|{{flag|Iraq}} || 45,521,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 45521000 / 446550 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 5 || align=left|{{flag|Yemen}} || 41,774,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 41774000 / 527968 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 6 || align=left|{{flag|Morocco}} || 37,712,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 37712000 / 438317 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 7 || align=left|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 36,006,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 36006000 / 2149690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 8 || align=left|{{flag|Syria}} || 21,393,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 21393000 / 185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2010<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 9 || align=left|{{flag|Somalia}} || 16,963,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 16963000 / 637657 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 10 || align=left|{{flag|Tunisia}} || 12,432,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 12432000 / 163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 11 || align=left|{{flag|Jordan}} || 11,442,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11442000 / 89342 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 12 || align=left|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 11,083,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11083000 / 83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 13 || align=left|{{flag|Libya}} || 6,982,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 6982000 / 1789540 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 14 || align=left|{{flag|Oman}} || 5,502,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5502000 / 309500 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 15 || align=left|{{flag|Palestine}} || 5,477,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5477000 / 6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2023<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 16 || align=left|{{flag|Lebanon}} || 5,354,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5354000 / 10452 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2024<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 17 || align=left|{{flag|Kuwait}} || 5,112,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5112000 / 17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 18 || align=left|{{flag|Mauritania}} || 4,629,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 4629000 / 1025520 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 19 || align=left|{{flag|Qatar}} || 3,109,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 3109000 / 11000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 20 || align=left|{{flag|Bahrain}} || 1,657,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1657000 / 750 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 21 || align=left|{{flag|Djibouti}} || 1,056,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1056000 / 23200 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 22 || align=left|{{flag|Comoros}} || 910,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 910000 / 2235 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- |- class="sortbottom" | '''Wadarta''' || align=left|{{flag|Arab League}} || ''' 481,233,000 ''' || '''{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}''' || '''{{convert|{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}|/km2|/sqmi|1|disp=output number only}}''' | align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |} ===Diinta=== Inta badan muwaadiniinta Jaamacadda Carabta waxay raacaan diinta [[Islam|Islaamka]], iyadoo [[Christianity|Masiixiyaddu]] ay tahay diinta labaad ee ugu weyn. Ugu yaraan 15 milyan oo Masiixiyiin ah ayaa wadajir ugu nool [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]], [[Palestine|Falastiin]], [[Sudan|Suudaan]] iyo [[Syria|Suuriya]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira tirooyin yar laakiin muhiim ah oo ka tirsan [[Druze|Durzi]], [[Yazidis|Yasiidiyiin]], [[Shabak people|Shabak]] iyo [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]]. Tirada [[Arabs|Carabta]] aan diinta haysta (aan diin lahayn) guud ahaan la heli maayo, laakiin cilmi-baarista ay samaysay [[Pew Forum]] waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ku dhowaad 1% dadka ku nool gobolka [[MENA]] ay yihiin kuwa aan diin lahayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/04/04/global-religious-diversity/|title=Religious Diversity Around The World|date=4 April 2014|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=9 September 2014}}</ref> ===Luqadaha=== Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabiga Suugaanta ah]], oo ku salaysan [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Hore]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalal dhowr ah oo xubno ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leeyihiin luqado kale oo la siman ama qaran ah, sida [[Somali language|Soomaaliga]], [[Afar language|Cafaariga]], [[Comorian language|Komoriga]], [[French language|Faransiiska]], [[English language|Ingiriiska]], [[Berber languages|Berber]] iyo [[Kurdish languages|Kurdiga]]. Waddamada badankoodu, waxaa jira af afka ah oo aan [[codification (linguistics)|rasmi ahayn]] oo ah [[varieties of Arabic|lahjadaha Carabiga ee la hadlo]]. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cayaaraha=== {{Main|Sport policies of the Arab League}} [[Pan-Arab Games|Cayaaraha Pan-Arab]] waxaa loo arkaa xafladda cayaareed ee ugu weyn Carabta, taas oo isu keenta ciyaartooy ka kala socota dhammaan dalalka Carabta si ay uga qaybqaataan cayaaro kala duwan oo kala duwan. [[Union of Arab Football Associations]] waxay soo qabanqaabisaa [[Arab Cup|Koobka Carabta]] (ee kooxaha qaran) iyo [[Arab Club Champions Cup|Koobka Horyaallada Kooxaha Carabta]] (ee naadiyada). Xiriirrada cayaaraha Carabta ayaa sidoo kale u jira cayaaro dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[basketball|kubadda koleyga]], [[volleyball|kubadda laliska]], [[team handball|gacanta]], [[table tennis|teniska miiska]], [[tennis|teniska]], [[Squash (sport)|skwoash]] iyo [[swimming (sport)|dabbaasha]]. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== {{Div col|colwidth=27em}} *[[Arab Charter on Human Rights]] *[[Arab Cold War]] *[[Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development]] (AFESD) * [[Arab leaders]] *[[Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict]] *[[Arab League boycott of Israel]] *[[Arab Maghreb Union]] (UMA) *[[Arab Monetary Fund]] *[[Arab Organization for Industrialization]] *[[Arab Parliament]] *[[Arab Union]] *[[Bloudan Conference (1937)|Bloudan Conference of 1937]] *[[Bloudan Conference of 1946]] *[[Council of Arab Economic Unity]] (CAEU) *[[Flag of the Arab League]] *[[General Arab Insurance Federation]] *[[General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture for Arab Countries]] *[[Gulf Cooperation Council]] (GCC) *[[Inshas]] *[[International Association of Arabic Dialectology]] (AIDA) *[[International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions]] *[[List of conflicts in the Arab League]] *[[List of country groupings]] *[[List of largest cities in the Arab world]] *[[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]] *[[Lists of the Arab League]] *[[Model Arab League]] *[[International Motor Insurance Card System#Orange card system|Orange card system]] – motor insurance scheme of the Arab League *[[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] *[[Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries]] (OAPEC) *[[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]] (OPEC) *[[Pan Arab Games]] *[[Pan-Arabism]] *[[Summit of South American-Arab Countries]] *[[United Arab Command]] *[[Arab Standardization and Metrology Organization]] {{colend}} ==Xusuusin== {{notelist}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|30em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Wikisource|Arab League Pact}} {{Commons}} * {{in lang|ar}} [http://www.lasportal.org/ League of Arab States] (goobta rasmiga ah). * {{in lang|en}} [http://arableague-us.org/wp/ League of Arab States Office] in Washington D.C. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041016021558/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league.htm The League of Arab States] at [[Al-Bab.com]] * [http://www.cfr.org/middle-east/arab-league/p25967 The Arab League] at [[Council on Foreign Relations]] * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/1550797.stm Profile: Arab League], ''[[BBC News]]'', updated 9 August 2011 {{Arab League |expanded}} {{Regional organizations}} {{Countries and languages lists}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab League}} [[Category:Arab League| ]] [[Category:Pan-Arabist organizations|League]] [[Category:International organizations based in Africa]] [[Category:International organizations based in Asia]] [[Category:International organizations based in the Middle East]] [[Category:Supranational unions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Africa]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Asia]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cairo]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1945]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Egypt]] [[Category:1940s in Islam]] [[Category:Language-based intergovernmental organizations]] [[Category:International political organizations]] [[Category:Pan-Arab organizations]] [[Category:Politics of the Arab world]] ktea3myw0u1yh9zijkq26u36ir5mtin 306321 306320 2026-08-31T10:51:18Z Isma4l 41797 306321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-semi|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{Infobox geopolitical organisation | conventional_long_name = Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta | native_name = {{unbulleted list|جامعة الدول العربية ([[Carabi]])<br />{{transliteration|engvar=gb|ar|Jāmiʿat ad-Duwal al-ʿArabiyya}}}} | linking_name = Jaamacadda Carabta | image_flag = Flag of the Arab League.svg | image_map = Member states of the Arab League (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah oo ku cagaaran madow | symbol_type = [[Calaamada Jaamacadda Carabta|Calaamad]] | image_symbol = Emblem of the Arab League.svg | admin_center = [[Qaahira]]{{efn|Laga soo bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1990, [[Tunis]].}} | admin_center_type = Xarunta | membership_type = [[Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta|Xubnaha]] | membership = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |{{flag|Algeria}} |{{flag|Bahrain}} |{{flag|Comoros}} |{{flag|Djibouti}} |{{flag|Egypt}} |{{flag|Iraq}} |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{flag|Kuwait}} |{{flag|Lebanon}} |{{flag|Libya}} |{{flag|Mauritania}} |{{flag|Morocco}} |{{flag|Oman}} |{{flag|Palestine}} |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |{{flag|Somalia}} |{{flag|Sudan}} |{{flag|Syria}} |{{flag|Tunisia}} |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |{{flag|Yemen}} }} | official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabi]] | org_type = [[Regional organization|Urur goboleed]] | leader_title1 = [[Secretary General of the Arab League|Xoghayaha Guud]] | leader_name1 = [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit]] | leader_title2 = [[Speaker of the Arab Parliament|Gdoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Al-Yamahi]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Arab Parliament Speaker Welcomes UK Plan to Recognize Palestinian State | url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5170971-arab-parliament-speaker-welcomes-uk-plan-recognize-palestinian-state }}</ref> | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | established_event1 = [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] | established_date1 = 22 Maarso 1945 | established_event2 = [[Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] | established_date2 = 18 Juun 1950 | established_event3 = [[Heshiiskii Casablanca]] | established_date3 = 11 Sebtembar 1965 | established_event4 = [[Politics of the Arab League|Heshiiska Iskaashiga Garsoorka]] | established_date4 = 6 Abriil 1983 | established_event5 = [[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|Aagga Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Weyn]] | established_date5 = 2 Janaayo 2005 | area_label = Baaxadda guud | area_km2 = 13132327 | area_sq_mi = 5070420 | area_rank = Ka 2-aad | area_label2 = | area_data2 = | population_estimate = 481,233,000<ref name="IMFAPR2025">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=612,419,632,611,469,433,439,443,446,672,682,686,449,453,456,726,732,463,744,466,487,474,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LP,&sy=2010&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=IMF |access-date=11 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = Ka 3-aad | population_density_km2 = 36.64 | population_density_sq_mi = 94.91 | GDP_PPP = $9.423 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,581<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal = $3.546 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,369<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = Ka 7-aad | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | currency = {{ubl | {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Dinaarka Aljeeriya]] | {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Dinaarka Baxrayn]] | {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Farankada Comoros]] | {{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Farankada Jabuuti]] | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Paundiga Masar]] | {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Dinaarka Ciraaq]] | {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Dinaarka Urdun]] | {{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Dinaarka Kuwayt]] | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Paundiga Lubnaan]] | {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Dinaarka Liibiya]] | {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Ouguiyada Mauritania]] | {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Dirhamka Marooko]] | {{flagicon|Oman}} [[Riyaalka Cumaan]] | {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Riyaalka Qatar]] | {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyaalka Sacuudiga]] | {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Shilingiga Soomaaliga]] | {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Paundiga Suudaan]] | {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Paundiga Suuriya]] | {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Dinaarka Tuniisiya]] | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dirhamka Imaaraadka|Dirhamka Isutaga Imaaraadka Carabta]] | {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Riyaalka Yemen]]}} | time_zone = | utc_offset = +0 ilaa +4 | official_website = {{URL|http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/|leagueofarabstates.org}} }} {{Life in the Arab League}} '''Jaamacadda Carabta''' (Af-Carabi: الجامعة العربية), oo si rasmi ah loo yiraahdo '''Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta''' (جامعة الدول العربية), waa [[regional organization|urur goboleed]] ka tirsan [[Arab world|Dunida Carabta]]. Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa lagu aasaasay [[Qaahira]] taariikhdu markay ahayd 22 Maarso 1945, iyadoo ay ku midoobeen bilowgii toddobo xubnood: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Emirate of Transjordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[First Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], iyo [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen Waqooyi]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arab League|encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia|year=2013}}</ref> Hadda, Jaamaddu waxay leedahay [[member states of the Arab League|22 xubnood]], oo ay ku jiraan saddex waddan oo aan Carabi ahayn, waana [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]] iyo [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blair |first=Iain |last2=Grivna |first2=Michal |last3=Sharif |first3=Amer Ahmad |date=2014 |title=The "Arab World" is Not a Useful Concept When Addressing Challenges to Public Health, Public Health Education, and Research in the Middle East |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3988371/ |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=2 |pages=30 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00030 |doi-access=free|issn=2296-2565 |pmc=3988371 |pmid=24783189}}</ref> Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda ayaa ah "in ay sii dhoweyso xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyo in ay iskudduwo iskaashiga dhexmoodle, si loo ilaaliyo madaxbannaanidooda iyo qaranimadooda, hamigoodana loo eego si guud arrimaha iyo danaha dalalka Carabta".<ref name="yale">{{cite web|title=Pact of the League of Arab States, 22 March 1945|work=[[The Avalon Project]] |publisher=[[Yale Law School]]|year=1998|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/arableag.asp |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Ururku wuxuu taariikhdiisa oo dhan helay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=Barnett|first1=Michael|chapter=Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League|date=2007|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/crafting-cooperation/designed-to-fail-or-failure-of-design-the-origins-and-legacy-of-the-arab-league/5D266BBD41931A1E5D9CBE2266DABEBD|title=Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective|pages=180–220|editor-last=Johnston|editor-first=Alastair Iain|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511491436.006|isbn=978-0-521-69942-6|last2=Solingen|first2=Etel|editor2-last=Acharya|editor2-first=Amitav|access-date=22 December 2021|url-status=live|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hay'adaha ay leedahay, gaar ahaan [[Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization]] (ALECSO) iyo Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada ee [[Council of Arab Economic Unity]] (CAEU), Jaamacaddu waxay fududaysaa barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqaale, dhaqan, saynis, iyo bulsho ee loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo danaha Dunida Carabta.<ref>Ashish K. Vaidya, ''Globalization'' (ABC-CLIO: 2006), p. 525.</ref> Waxay u adeegtay sidii madal ay dalalka xubnaha ka ahi ugu duugi lahaayeen siyaasadda, ugu diyaarin lahaayeen daraasado iyo guddiyo la xiriira arrimaha wadajirka ah, ugu xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dowladaha, isla markaana ay ugu xaddidi lahaayeen dhibaatooyinka sida [[1958 Lebanon crisis|dhibaatadii Lubnaan ee 1958]]. Jaamacaddu waxay kaloo ahayd madal lagu qabyo-tiray oo lagu soo gabagabeeyey dukumiintiyo badan oo taariikhi ah oo dhiirrigelinaya is-dhexgalka dhaqaale. Hal tusaale waa [[Joint Arab Economic Action Charter]], oo qeexaysa mabaadi'da hawlaha dhaqaale ee gobolka. Waddan kasta oo xubin ka ahi wuxuu leeyahay hal cod oo ku dhex leh [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]], go'aanna waxaa ku waajib ah oo keliya kuwa u codeeyay. Ujeeddadii jaamacadda ee 1945 waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo oo la isku xir-xiro barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqan, dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee xubnaheeda isla markaana la dhex-dhexaadiyo khilaafaadka dhexmoodle ama kuwa iyaga iyo dhinacyada saddexaad u dhexeeya. Intaa waxaa dheer, saxiixida heshiis ku saabsan ''Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha'' 13 Abriil 1950 wuxuu ku waajibiyay saxiixayaasha inay isku duwaan tallaabooyinka difaaca milatari. Bishii Maarso 2015, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in la dhisay Ciidan Wadajir ah oo Carabi ah oo ujeedadoodu tahay in lagaga hortago xagjirnimada iyo khataraha kale ee soo wajahan Dowladaha Carabta. Go'aankaas waxaa la gaaray xilli [[Operation Decisive Storm]] ay ka sii dareysay Yemen. Ka-qaybgalka mashruucan waa mid ikhtiyaari ah, ciidankuna waxay soo farageliyaan oo keliya marka uu codsado mid ka mid ah dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Iskaashiga milatari ee horay u jiray ee u dhexeeyay dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta, dagaallada sokeeye ee gobolka, iyo khataraha argagixiso waxay ahaayeen kuwa dhaliyay dhismaha JAF.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fanack|title=The Joint Arab Force – Will It Ever Work?|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/league-arab-states/the-joint-arab-force-will-it-ever-work/|website=Fanack.com|access-date=13 July 2015}}</ref> Horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Golaha Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu soo jeediyay soo-jeedin ah in la abuuro [[Politics of the Arab League|Golayaasha Ganacsiga Wadajirka ah ee Carabta]] ee dalalka caalamiga ah dhexdiisa. Taasina waxay horseedday in la dejiyo waajibaadyo lagu dhiirrigelinayo, lagu taageerayo, loona fududeynayo ganacsiga labada dhinac ah ee u dhexeeya Dunida Carabta iyo la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga muhiimka ah. ==Taariikh== Ka dib markii la ansixiyay [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] sanadkii 1944, Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa la aas-aasay 22 Maarso 1945.<ref name="History">[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed Arab League formed – History.com This Day in History – 3/22/1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116041827/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed |date=16 November 2018 }}.</ref> Xarunta rasmiga ah ee Jaamacaddu waxay ahayd Qasriga Boustan ee Qaahira.<ref name= Baqai>{{cite journal|author=I. H. Baqai|title=The Pan-Arab League|journal=India Quarterly|date=May 1946|volume=2|issue=2|pages=144–150|jstor=45067282|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45067282|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> Waxay u jeedday in ay noqoto urur goboleed ay leeyihiin dalalka Carabta oo diiradda saaraya horumarinta dhaqaalaha, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo isku-dubaridka ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed.<ref name= Baqai/> Waddamo kale ayaa gadaal ka soo biiray jaamacadda.<ref>[http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm HowStuffWorks "Arab League"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815225240/http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm |date=15 August 2011 }} History.howstuffworks.com (27 February 2008). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.</ref> Waddan kasta waxaa la siiyay hal cod oo golaha dhexdiisa ah. Tallaabadii ugu weyneyd ee ugu horreysay waxay ahayd faragelin wadajir ah si looga hortago in Falastiin loo qaybiyo laba dal iyadoo la raacayo go'aankii Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Markii Urdun ay ogolaatay soo jeedintan, Masar waxay soo faragelisay si ay uga hortagto in taasi dhacdo.<ref>Avi Shlaim, ''Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine''. Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 1988; Uri Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London, Frank Cass, 1987; Joseph Nevo, King Abdullah and Palestine: A Territorial Ambition (London: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.</ref> Waxaa ku xigtay abuuritaanka heshiis difaaca wadajirka ah laba sano ka dib. Suuqa guud waxaa la dhisay 1965.<ref>Robert W. MacDonald, ''The League of Arab States: A Study in Regional Organization''. Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Princeton University Press, 1965.</ref> [[File:Arab League of states establishment - Egypt 22-3-1945.jpg|thumb|Shaambada xusuusta aasaaska Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta - Masar 22-3-1945. Muujineysa calammada 8-da waddan ee aas-aasayaasha ah: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Saudi Arabia|Boqortooyada Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]], [[Second Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]] iyo [[Palestine|Falastiin]]]] Sida uu qabo [[Michael N. Barnett|Michael Barnett]] iyo [[Etel Solingen]], Jaamacadda Carabta "waxay gaartay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah" taariikhdeeda oo dhan. Waxay sheegeen in qaab-dhismeedka Jaamacadda Carabta uu ka tarjumayo welwelka shakhsi ahaaneed ee hoggaamiyeyaasha Carabta ee ku aaddan badbaadada taliskooda: "si siyaasadeed waddaniyadda Carabta iyo aqoonsiga la wadaago waxay ku kellifeen dalalka Carabta inay qaataan hadallada midnimada Carabta si ay u sharciyeeyaan talisyadooda, isla markaana ay uga cabsadaan midnimada Carabta ficil ahaan sababtoo ah waxay ku soo rogi lahayd xannibaadyo ka waaweyn madaxbannaanidooda."<ref name=":0"/> Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa "si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay ku guuldarraysato soo saarista nooca iskaashiga iyo is-dhexgalka weyn ee daciifin lahaa hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadeed ee dalka gudihiisa."<ref name=":0"/> ==Juqraafi== {{main|Geography of the Arab world}} [[File:Arab League members colored by joining date.svg|thumb|right|Taariikhaha ay ku biireen dalalka xubnaha ka ah; Comoros (oo wareeg ku jirta) waxay ku biirtay 1993.<br />{{Color box|#f4eed7|border=darkgray}} 1940-meeyadii {{Color box|#decd87|border=darkgray}} 1950-meeyadii {{Color box|#c8ab37|border=darkgray}} 1960-meeyadii {{Color box|#786721|border=darkgray}} 1970-meeyadii]] Dalalka xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan {{convert|13000000|sqkm|abbr=on}} waxayna ku fidsan yihiin laba qaaradood: [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]. Gobolku inta badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay lama degaan abaaran, sida [[Saxaraha Weyn]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu kaloo ka kooban yahay dhulal aad u bacrin ah sida [[Dooxada Niil]], [[Dooxada Jubba]] iyo [[Dooxada Shabeelle]] ee ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], [[Buuraha Atlas]] ee ku yaal [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], iyo [[Fertile Crescent|Bilaha Bacrin ah]] ee ku fidsan [[Mesopotamia]] iyo [[Levant]]. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay keymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer adduunka, [[Niil]]. ==Xubinnimo== {{main|Member states of the Arab League}} [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Heshiiskii Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta, waa heshiiskii aas-aasiga ahaa ee Jaamacadda Carabta. La ansixiyay 1945, wuxuu dhigayaa in "Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta ay ka koobnaan doonaan Dowladaha Carabta ee madaxbannaan ee saxiixay Axdigan."<ref name="yale"/> Sannadkii 1945, waxaa jiray toddobo xubnood,<ref name="Brittanica">{{Cite web |title=Arab League|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-League |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|date=26 May 2024 }}</ref> laakiin hadda Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan 10 waddan oo Afrikaan ah: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Algeria}} * {{flag|Bahrain}} * {{flag|Comoros}} * {{flag|Djibouti}} * {{flag|Egypt}} * {{flag|Iraq}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} * {{flag|Lebanon}} * {{flag|Libya}} * {{flag|Mauritania}} * {{flag|Morocco}} * {{flag|Oman}} * {{flag|Palestine}} * {{flag|Qatar}} * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} * {{flag|Somalia}} * {{flag|Sudan}} * {{flag|Syria}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} * {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} * {{flag|Yemen}} }} iyo 7 waddan oo kormeerayaal ah (fiiro gaar ah: dalalka kormeerayaasha ah ee hoose waxaa lagu casuumay inay ka qaybgalaan fadhiyada gaarka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta laakiin ma laha xuquuq codayn): {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Armenia}}<ref name="Armenia">{{cite web| title = Armenia invited as observer for Arab League| publisher = Azad Hye| date = 19 January 2005| url = http://azad-hye.blogspot.ca/2005/01/observer-status-for-armenia-in-arab.html| access-date = 20 May 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name="Brazil">{{cite web| title = Brazil must be a facilitator in the Middle East, says VP| date = 14 August 2019| publisher = Brazil-Arab News Agency| url = https://anba.com.br/en/brazil-must-be-a-facilitator-in-the-middle-east-says-vp| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="Chad">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/4/29/chad-to-join-arab-league-as-observer|title=Chad to join Arab League as observer|date=29 April 2005|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Eritrea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/25874/nile-dam-still-raging-despite-global-pause-for-covid-19/|title=Nile dam still raging, despite global pause for COVID-19|website=The Africa Report|date=8 April 2020|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Greece}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2021/07/12/greece-observer-arab-league/|title=Greece to become observer member of the Arab League|website=www.greekcitytimes.com|date=12 July 2021 |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> * {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/india-and-the-arab-league-walking-the-trade-talk/|title=India and the Arab League: Walking the Trade Talk|website=thediplomat.com|date=21 December 2014|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Venezuela}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/30/world/meast/arab-league-fast-facts/index.html|title=Arab League Fast Facts|website=CNN|date=30 July 2013|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> }} === Hakinta xubinnimada === [[Egypt|Masar]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda Jaamacadda Carabta 26 Maarso 1979 sabab la xiriirta [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|Heshiiskii nabadda ee Masar iyo Israa'iil]], iyadoo xarunta Jaamacaddu ay ka soo guurtay Qaahira oo ay u aadday [[Tunis]], Tuniisiya. Sannadkii 1987, dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay dib u soo celiyeen xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ee ay la lahaayeen Masar, dalkuna wuxuu dib ugu biiray Jaamacadda bishii May 1989, xarunta Jaamacaddana waxaa loo soo celiyay Qaahira bishii Sebtembar 1990.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2008 |title=Timeline: Arab League |publisher=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1550977.stm |access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref> [[Libya]] xubinnimadeeda waa la hakinay 22 Febraayo 2011, ka dib markii uu qarxay [[first Libyan civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Libyan kowaad]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4032530,00.html | title= Libya suspended from Arab League sessions | website= Ynetnews.com | date= 2011-02-22 | access-date= 2014-04-28}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u codeysay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Libya 27 Agoosto 2011 iyadoo aqoonsatay wakiil ka socda [[National Transitional Council|Golaha Kala-guurka Qaranka]], oo ahaa dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee dalkaas qayb ahaan aqoonsiga haysatay.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rttnews.com/Content/GeneralNews.aspx?Id=1700187&SM=1 |work= RTT News |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=25 August 2011 |title=Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council}}</ref> [[Syria|Suuriya]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda 16 Nofeembar 2011 ka dib markii uu qarxay [[Syrian civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Suuriya]]. 6 Maarso 2013, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay kursigii Suuriya ee Jaamacadda siisay [[Syrian National Coalition|Isbahaysiga Qaran ee Suuriya]], oo ahaa kooxda mucaaradka ah ee ugu weyn [[Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad|mucaaradka Suuriya]].<ref name="syriannationalcoalition">{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/26/syrian-opposition-appeals-nato-support|title= Syrian opposition takes Arab League seat|first= Ian|last= Black|work= The Guardian|date= 26 March 2013|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> 9 Maarso 2014, xoghayaha guud [[Nabil Elaraby]] wuxuu sheegay in kursiga Suuriya uu ahaan doono mid banneyn ilaa inta mucaaradku ka dhammaystiranayaan dhismaha hay'adahooda.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-09/249749-syria-opposition-not-yet-ready-for-arab-league-seat.ashx|title= Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'|work= The Daily Star Newspaper|place= Lebanon|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> Sannadkii 2021, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday geeddi-socod caadi-yareyn ah oo u dhexeeya [[Ba'athist Syria|dowladda Ba'athist-ka Suuriya]] iyo waddamada kale ee Carabta.<ref>[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ "Saudi Arabia: Talks underway on Syria's return to Arab League"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315152236/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ |date=15 March 2023 }} ''middleeastmonitor''. Accessed 25 March 2023.</ref> 7 Maajo 2023, shirka [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]] ee ka dhacay Qaahira, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Suuriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/05/07/Arab-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-Syria-s-return-to-Arab-League-Sudan-conflict|title=Arab foreign ministers agree to readmit Syria to the Arab League|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=7 May 2023|access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> ==Siyaasadda iyo maamulka== {{main|Politics of the Arab League}} {{see also|Charter of the Arab League|Council of the Arab League|Arab Parliament|Foreign relations of the Arab League}} [[File:Arab Leage HQ 977.PNG|thumb|Xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta, [[Qaahira]].]] [[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb| {{legend|#cdcd9c|Aqoonsiga labada [[Israel|Israa'iil]] iyo Dawladda Falastiin}} {{legend|#FF4500|Aqoonsiga Dawladda Falastiin keliya}}]] Jaamacadda Carabta waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu caawiyo is-dhexgalka dhaqaale ee xubnaheeda, iyo in uu xalliyo khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyadoon la weydiisan gargaar dibadda ah. Waxay leedahay qaybo ka mid ah baarlamaan metela dawladaha halka arrimaha dibaddana inta badan lagu maamulo kormeerka Qaramada Midoobay hoosteeda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D36214%26URL_DO%3DDO_PRINTPAGE%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html|title=The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALESCO)|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]] wuxuu ansixiyay mabda'a [[Pan-Arabism|qaran-qaranimada Carabta]] iyadoo la ixtiraamayo [[sovereignty|madaxbannaanida]] dalalka xubnaha shakhsi ahaaneed. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda iyo guddiyada waxaa lagu heshiiyay Oktoobar 1951. Kuwa Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku saleysnaa laba-jibaarka hay'adaha sare ee gobolka iyo madaxbannaanida dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta qaranimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay xooggeeda ka soo qaadaneysaa dookha dabiiciga ah ee eliska taliska si ay u ilaashadaan awooddooda iyo madaxbannaanidooda go'aan-qaadasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Arab Cold War|mucaaradka u dhexeeya madaxda Carabta]], iyo saameynta awoodaha dibadda ee ka soo horjeesan kara midnimada Carabta waxaa loo arki karaa caqabado hortaagan is-dhexgal qoto dheer oo jaamacadda ah. Iyagoo maanka ku haya ku dhawaaqidoodii hore ee ay ku taageerayeen [[Arabs|Carabta]] [[Palestine|Falastiin]], aasaasayaashii Axdiga waxay go'aansadeen inay ku daraan gudaha Jaamacadda tan iyo bilowgii.<ref name=geddes>Geddes, 1991, p. 208.</ref> Taasi waxaa lagu sameeyay lifaaq caddaynaya:<ref name="yale"/> {{cquote|In kasta oo Falastiin aysan awood u lahayn in ay maamusho qaddarkeeda, haddana waxay ahayd saldhigga aqoonsiga madaxbannaanideeda in Axdiga Golaha Qarammada Midoobay uu u go'aamiyay nidaam dowladeed iyada. Sida darteed, jiritaankeeda iyo madaxbannaanideeda ka dhexaysa quruumaha lagama su'aali karo ''de jure'' in ka badan madaxbannaanida mid ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Carabta. [...] Sida darteed, Dowladaha saxiixay Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qabaan in marka la eego xaaladaha gaarka ah ee Falastiin, Golaha Jaamacadda uu u magacaabo wakiil Carabi ah oo ka socda Falastiin si uu uga qaybqaato shaqadeeda ilaa dalkan uu ka helayo madaxbannaanida dhabta ah}} Bishii Sebtembar 1963, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u magacowday [[Ahmad Shukeiri]] Wakiilka Falastiin ee Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Har-El |first=Shai |title=China and the Palestinian Organizations: 1964–1971 |date=2024 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3-031-57827-4}}</ref> Shir-madaxeedkii Qaahira ee 1964, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday abuuritaanka urur metela dadka Falastiin. [[Palestinian National Council|Golaha Qaranka ee Falastiin]] ee ugu horreeyay wuxuu ku shiray [[East Jerusalem|Quddusbari]] 29 May 1964. [[Palestine Liberation Organization|Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin]] waxaa la aas-aasay intii uu socday shirkan 2 Juun 1964. Falastiin waxaa si dhakhso ah loogu aqbalay Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo ay matalayso PLO. Maanta, [[State of Palestine|Dawladda Falastiin]] waa xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta. Shir-madaxeedkii [[Beirut Summit|Beeruut]] ee 28 Maarso 2002, jaamacaddu waxay ansixisay [[Arab Peace Initiative|Hindisaha Nabadda ee Carabta]], oo ah qorshe nabadeed oo uu dhiirrigeliyay Sacuudigu oo ku aaddan [[Arab–Israeli conflict|khilaafka Carabta iyo Israa'iil]]. Hindisuhu wuxuu soo bandhigay caadi-yareyn buuxda oo ku saabsan xiriirka [[Israel|Israa'iil]]. Taas beddelkeedana, Israa'iil waxaa laga rabaa inay ka baxdo dhammaan [[Israeli-occupied territories|dhulka la haysto]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Golan Heights]], inay aqoonsato madaxbannaanida Falastiin ee [[West Bank|Daanta Galbeed]] iyo [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda, iyo sidoo kale "xal caddaalad ah" oo loo helo [[Palestinian refugees|qaxootiga Falastiin]]. Hindisaha Nabadda waxaa dib loogu taageeray 2007 Shir-madaxeedkii Riyadh. Bishii Luulyo 2007, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u dirtay ergo ka koobnayd wasiirrada arrimaha dibadda ee [[Jordan|Urdun]] iyo [[Egypt|Masar]] oo tagtay Israa'iil si ay u dhiirrigeliyaan hindisaha. Ka dib tallaabadii [[Venezuela]] ay ku cayrisay diblomaasiyiinta Israa'iil intii uu socday [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict|dagaalkii Gaza ee 2008-2009]], xildhibaanka Kuwayt [[Waleed Al-Tabtabaie]] wuxuu soo jeediyay in xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta loo raro [[Caracas, Venezuela|Caracas]], [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-13536--12-12--.html|title=Kuwaiti MP calls to move Arab league to Venezuela|access-date=16 January 2009|date=15 January 2009|work=AFP, via CaribbeanNetNews}}</ref> 13 Juun 2010, Amr Mohammed Moussa, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta, wuxuu booqday [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], taas oo ahayd booqashadii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta tan iyo markii Hamas ay la wareegtay gacan-ku-haynta hubaysan 2007. Jaamacadda Carabta waa xubin ka tirsan [[China-Arab States Cooperation Forum]] (CASCF), oo la aas-aasay 2004. CASCF waa ka-qaybgalkii ugu horreeyay ee Jaamacadda Carabta ee madal iskaashi oo ay la leedahay waddan ama gobol kale.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=58}}</ref> CASCF waa hab-maamuleedka isku-dubaridka dhinacyada badan ee u dhexeeya dalalka Carabta iyo Shiinaha, waxaana gudaha CASCF Jaamacadda Carabta ay ku matashaa dalalkeeda xubnaha ka ah sidii xoog isku midaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=57}}</ref> Isku-dubaridka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u oggolaaneysaa dalalka Carabta inay si firfircoon ula xaajoodaan mashaariicda wadajirka ah ee ay ku jiraan dhowr waddan, sida mashaariicda tareennada, mashaariicda tamarta nukliyeerka, iyo hindisayaasha Badda Dhimatay.<ref name=":1" /> Sannadkii 2015, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|faragelinta milatari ee uu hoggaaminayo Sacuudiga ee Yemen]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Zaidiyyah|Xuutiyiinta Shiicada ah]] iyo ciidamada daacadda u ah Madaxweynihii hore [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]], oo xukunka looga tuuray [[Yemeni Revolution|kacaankii 2011]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-joint-arab-military-force-20150329-story.html|agency=Los Angeles Times|title=Arab League's joint military force is a 'defining moment' for region|date=29 March 2015|first1=Christina|last1=Boyle|first2=Zaid|last2=al-Alayaa|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> 15 Abriil 2018, iyaga oo uga jawaabaya [[Operation Olive Branch|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyiga Suuriya]] ee ujeeddadiisu ahayd in lagu ceyriyo [[People's Protection Units|Kurdida Suuriya]] ee ay taageerto Maraykanka magaalada [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]], Jaamacadda Carabta waxay meel marisay qaraar ugu baaqaya ciidamada Turkiga inay ka baxaan Afrin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey slams Arab League resolution on Afrin operation|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkey-slams-arab-league-resolution-on-afrin-operation-3329296|publisher=Yeni Safak|date=18 April 2018|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref> Bishii Sebtembar 2019, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay cambaaraysay qorshaha [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] ee ah inuu [[Annexation|la wareego]] qaybta bariga ee Daanta Galbeed ee la haysto ee loo yaqaanno [[Jordan Valley|Dooxada Urdun]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Arab nations condemn Netanyahu's Jordan Valley annexation plan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49657915 |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay ku kulantay Qaahira 12 Oktoober 2019 si ay uga wada hadlaan [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyi-bari Suuriya]]. Markii ay kulmeen, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay u codeeyeen inay cambaaraan duullaanka Turkiga, iyagoo ku tilmaamay labadaba 'duulaan' iyo 'gardarro' ka dhan ah waddan Carabi ah, waxayna ku dareen in ururku u arko mid xadgudub ku ah sharciga caalamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arableague-turkey-syria-idUSKBN1WR0C9|title=Turkey's Syria offensive an 'invasion': Arab League secretary general|date=2019-10-12|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> 9 Sebtembar 2020, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay diiday inay cambaarayso go'aanka [[United Arab Emirates|Imaaraadka Carabta]] ee ahaa inuu [[Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement|caadi ka dhigo xiriirka uu la leeyahay Israa'iil]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "ujeeddada ay dalalkeenna Carabta oo dhan raadinayaan, marka laga reebo midna, waa in la soo afjaro shaqaysiga lana aasaaso dawlad Falastiin oo madaxbannaan oo ku salaysan xuduudihii 1967 iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda," ayuu yiri [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit|Aboul Gheit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/arab-league-ministers-agree-condemn-uae-israel-deal-200909141524785.html|title=Arab League: Ministers agree not to condemn UAE-Israel deal|date=September 9, 2020|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> Janaayo 2024, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|dacwadda xasuuqa ee Koonfur Afrika ay u gudbisay Maxkamadda ICJ]] ee ka dhanka ah Israa'iil.<ref>{{cite news |title=Genocide case against Israel: Where does the rest of the world stand on the momentous allegations? |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515627.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=13 January 2024}}</ref> ==Liiska shir-madaxedyada== [[File:Arab League Summit Logo.png|right|thumb|Calaamada [[Arab League Summit 2013|Shir-madaxeedka Jaamacadda Carabta 2013]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|1]] || data-sort-value="1964-01-13" | 13–17 Janaayo 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Alexandria)|2]] || data-sort-value="1964-09-05" | 5–11 Sebtembar 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Iskandariya]] |- | [[1965 Arab League summit|3]] || data-sort-value="1965-09-13" | 13–17 Sebtembar 1965 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1967 Arab League summit|4]] || data-sort-value="1967-08-29" | 29 Agoosto 1967 || {{flag|Sudan|1956}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[1968 Arab League summit|5]] || data-sort-value="1969-12-21" | 21–23 Diseembar 1969 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1973 Arab League summit|6]] || data-sort-value="1973-11-26" | 26–28 Nofeembar 1973 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1974 Arab League summit|7]] || data-sort-value="1974-10-29" | 29 Oktoober 1974 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Cairo)|8]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-25" | 25–26 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Egypt|1972}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1978 Arab League summit|9]] || data-sort-value="1978-11-02" | 2–5 Nofeembar 1978 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1979 Arab League summit|10]] || data-sort-value="1979-11-20" | 20–22 Nofeembar 1979 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[1980 Arab League summit|11]] || data-sort-value="1980-11-21" | 21–22 Nofeembar 1980 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1982 Arab League summit|12]] || data-sort-value="1982-09-06" | 6–9 Sebtembar 1982 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Fez, Morocco|Fes]] |- | [[1985 Arab League summit|13]] || 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1987 Arab League summit|14]] || 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1988 Arab League summit|15]] || data-sort-value="1988" | Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1989 Arab League summit|16]] || 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1990 Arab League summit|17]] || 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1996 Arab League summit|18]] || 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[2001 Arab League summit|19]] || data-sort-value="2001-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2001 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[2002 Arab League summit|20]] || data-sort-value="2002-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2002 || {{flag|Lebanon}} ||[[Beirut]] |- | [[2003 Arab League summit|21]] || data-sort-value="2003-03-01" | 1 Maarso 2003 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] |- | [[2004 Arab League summit|22]] || data-sort-value="2004-05-22" | 22–23 Maajo 2004 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[2005 Arab League summit|23]] || data-sort-value="2005-03-22" | 22–23 Maarso 2005 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2006 Arab League summit|24]] || data-sort-value="2006-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2006 || {{flag|Sudan}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[2007 Arab League summit|25]] || data-sort-value="2007-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2007 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Riyadh]] |- | [[2008 Arab League summit|26]] || data-sort-value="2008-03-29" | 29–30 Maarso 2008 || {{flag|Ba'athist Syria|1980|name=Syria}}||[[Damascus]] |- | [[2009 Arab League summit|27]] || data-sort-value="2009-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2009 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]] |- | [[2010 Arab League summit|28]] || data-sort-value="2010-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2010 || {{flag|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|name=Libya}}||[[Sirte]] |- | [[2012 Arab League summit|29]] || data-sort-value="2012-03-27" | 27–29 Maarso 2012 || {{flag|Iraq}} ||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[2013 Arab League summit|30]] || data-sort-value="2013-03-21" | 21–27 Maarso 2013 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab League Summit 2013|url=http://qatarconferences.org/arableaguesummit2013/|access-date=2023-02-10|website=qatarconferences.org}}</ref> |- | [[2014 Arab League summit|31]] || data-sort-value="2014-03-25" | 25–26 Maarso 2014 || {{flag|Kuwait}} ||[[Kuwait City]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mater|first=Jassim|title=Summit hit by new rifts|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2014/3/23/arab-league-summit-hit-by-new-rifts|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2015 Arab League summit|32]] || data-sort-value="2015-03-28" | 28–29 Maarso 2015 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm El Sheikh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opposition fail to get Syria Arab League seat|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/3/27/opposition-fail-to-get-syria-arab-league-seat|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2016 Arab League summit|33]] || data-sort-value="2016-07-20" | 20 Luulyo 2016 || {{flag|Mauritania|1959}} ||[[Nouakchott]] |- | [[2017 Arab League summit|34]] || data-sort-value="2017-03-23" | 23–29 Maarso 2017 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/2016/11/02/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3.html|title=الأردن يستضيف القمة العربية في مارس|website=www.alarabiya.net|date=November 2016|access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> |- | [[2018 Arab League summit|35]] || data-sort-value="2018-04-15" | 15 Abriil 2018 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Dhahran]] |- | [[2019 Arab League summit|36]] || data-sort-value="2019-03-31" | 31 Maarso 2019 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/47928/Tunisia-to-host-next-Arab-summit|title=Tunisia to host next Arab summit|website=EgyptToday|date=15 April 2018|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> |- | [[2022 Arab League summit|37]] || data-sort-value="2022-11-01" | 1 Nofeembar 2022 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2023 Arab League summit|38]] || data-sort-value="2023-05-19" | 19 Maajo 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Jeddah]] |- | [[2024 Arab League summit|39]] || data-sort-value="2024-05-16" | 16 Maajo 2024 || {{flag|Bahrain}} ||[[Manama]] |- | [[2025 Arab League summit|40]] | data-sort-value="2025-05-17" | 17 Maajo 2025 | {{flag|Iraq}} | [[Baghdad]] |} ===Shir-madaxedyada degdegga ah=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1970 Arab League summit|1]] || data-sort-value="1970-09-21" | 21–27 Sebtembar 1970 || {{flag|United Arab Republic|1958}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)|2]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-17" | 17–28 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 3 || data-sort-value="1985-09-07" | 7–9 Sebtembar 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Casablanca]] |- | 4 || data-sort-value="1987-11-08" | 8–12 Nofeembar 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} || [[Amman]] |- | 5 || data-sort-value="1988-06-07" | 7–9 Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Algiers]] |- | 6 || data-sort-value="1989-06-23" | 23–26 Juun 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Casablanca]] |- | 7 || data-sort-value="1990-05-28" | 28–30 Maajo 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}} || [[Baghdad]] |- | 8 || data-sort-value="1990-08-09" | 9–10 Agoosto 1990 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 9 || data-sort-value="1996-06-22" | 22–23 Juun 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 10 || data-sort-value="2000-10-21" | 21–22 Oktoober 2000 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 11 || data-sort-value="2016-01-07" | 7 Janaayo 2016 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | [[2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit|12]] || data-sort-value="2023-11-11" | 11 Nofeembar 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 13 || data-sort-value="2025-03-04" | 4 Maarso 2025 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- |} {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Labada shir-madaxeed laguma darin nidaamka shir-madaxedyada Jaamacadda Carabta: ** [[Anshas]], Masar: 28–29 Maajo 1946. ** Beirut, Lubnaan: 13 – 15 Nofeembar 1958. * Shir-madaxeedkii 12aad ee Fes, Morocco, wuxuu dhacay laba marxaladood: ** 25 Nofeembar 1981: Kulankii 5-ta saacadood ahaa wuxuu ku dhammaaday adigoon wax heshiis ah laga gaarin dukumiintiga. ** 6–9 Sebtembar 1982. {{colend}} ==Milatari== {{Main|Military of the Arab League}} Golaha Difaaca Wadajirka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa mid ka mid ah [[Institutions of the Arab League|Hay'adaha Jaamacadda Carabta]].<ref name="ABC-CLIO">{{cite web|title=Arab-Israeli Wars: 60 Years of Conflict|url=http://www.historyandtheheadlines.abc-clio.com/ContentPages/ContentPage.aspx?entryId=1281297|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Waxaa la aas-aasay hoos imaanaya shuruudaha [[Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty|Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] ee 1950 si loo isku dubarido [[Collective security|difaaca wadajirka ah]] ee [[Member states of the Arab League|dalalka xubnaha ka ah]] Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Osmańczyk|first=Edmund Jan|author-link=Edmund Osmańczyk|chapter=League of Arab States|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Anthony|volume=2|edition=3|page=1290|place=New York|publisher=Routledge|year=2003}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta ahaan urur ahaan ma laha ciidan milatari, si la mid ah Qaramada Midoobay, laakiin shir-madaxeedkii 2007, hoggaamiyeyaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay dejiyaan siyaasadooda difaaca wadajirka ah ayna dhistaan ciidan nabad ilaalin ah oo la geeyo koonfurta Lubnaan, Darfur, Ciraaq, iyo meelaha kale ee kulul. Shir-madaxeedkii 2015 ee ka dhacay Masar, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ku heshiiyeen mabda' ahaan inay dhistaan ciidan milatari oo wadajir ah.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-arabs-communique-idUSL6N0WV03T20150329|title=Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2015|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> ==Khayraadka dhaqaalaha== {{Main|Economy of the Arab League}} {{See also|List of countries by GDP (PPP)|List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita}} Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qani ku tahay khayraadka, sida [[oil|shidaalka]] baaxadda leh iyo kheyraadka [[natural gas|gaaska dabiiciga ah]] ee ku jira dalal qaar oo xubno ka ah. Guulaha dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Jaamacaddu ee dhexmaray dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan sidaas u xoog badnayn marka loo eego kuwa ay gaareen ururada Carabta ee ka yar sida [[Gulf Cooperation Council|Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka]] (GCC).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN2041155720081120|title=Reuters.com|work=Reuters|date=20 November 2008|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Waxaa ka mid ah [[Arab Gas Pipeline|Dhuumaha Gaaska Carabta]], oo qaadi doona gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq oo la gayn doono Urdun, Suuriya, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo xagga dhaqaalaha ah oo u dhexeeya dalalka shidaalka leh ee horumaray ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[UAE]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]] iyo [[Yemen]]. [[File:OAPEC Members.png|thumb|right|Xubnaha [[OAPEC]]]] Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kaloo ku jira dhulal aad u bacrin ah oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Sudan]]. Waxaa loogu yeeraa dambiisha cuntada ee [[Arab World|Dunida Carabta]], iyadoo aanay xasillooni-darridda gobolka oo ay ku jirto madaxbannaanida [[South Sudan]] aysan saameyn ku yeelan warshadeeda [[tourism|dalxiiska]], taas oo loo arko warshadaha ugu koboca degdeg badan gobolka, iyadoo [[Egypt]], [[UAE]], [[Lebanon]], [[Tunisia]], iyo [[Jordan]] ay hormuud ka yihiin. Warshad kale oo si xawli ah uga kobeysa Jaamacadda Carabta waa isgaarsiinta. Guulaha dhaqaale ee dhexmaray xubnaha waxay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya taariikhda jaamacadda, ururada kale ee Carabta ee ka yar ayaa gaaray waxyaabo ka badan intii ay jaamacaddu gaartay, sida [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]], laakiin dhawaanahan dhowr mashruuc oo dhaqaale oo waaweyn oo ballanqaad leh ayaa la dhammaystirayaa, dhuumaha gaaska Carabta ayaa la filayaa inay dhammaadaan 2010, iyagoo ku xiraya Gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq Urdun, Suuriya iyo Lubnaan, ka dibna Turkiga sidaasna Yurub, heshiis ganacsi xor ah ([[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|GAFTA]]) ayaa la dhammaystiray 1 January 2008, taasoo ka dhigtay 95% dhammaan alaabta Carabta kuwo canshuur la'aan ah oo caado ah. ===Gaadiidka=== Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, iyadoo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo [[Near East|Bariga Dhexe]] ay gebi ahaanba isku xiran yihiin dhanka hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareennada. Qayb kale oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda waa [[Nile Valley|Dooxada Niil]], oo ka kooban [[Egypt|Masar]] iyo [[Sudan|Suudaan]]. Labadan waddan ee xubnaha ka ah waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan nidaamka navigation-ka ee Webiga Niil si loo hagaajiyo helitaanka sidaas kalena loo dhiirrigeliyo ganacsiga. Nidaam cusub oo tareen ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfureed ee Masar ee [[Abu Simbel]] magaalada waqooyiga Suudaan ee [[Wadi Halfa]] ka dibna [[Khartoum]] iyo [[Port Sudan]]. Qaybta saddexaad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], halkaas oo dherer gaaraya 3,000 km oo tareen ah uu ka socdo magaalooyinka koonfureed ee [[Morocco]] ilaa [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] ee galbeedka [[Libya]]. Qaybta afraad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], oo ay xubnaheeda ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]. Labadan waddan ee Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kala soocaya oo keliya toban mayl oo badda ah Gacanka Carabta oo ay dhex marto [[Bab el Mandeb]], taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu beddelaysaa maadaama Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalka [[Osama bin Laden]], uu bilaabay dhismaha mashruuca hмиisada leh ee [[Bridge of the Horns]], kaas oo ujeeddadiisu tahay inuu ku xiro [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]] iyo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyada oo la marinayo buundo weyn. Mashruucu waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo isu-socodka qarniyada soo jireenka ah ee u dhexeeya labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee Jaamacadda waa jasiiradaha go'doomiyey ee [[Comoros]] ee ku yaal xeebta [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]], oo aan si jireed ugu xirnayn waddan kale oo Carabi ah, laakiin weli la ganacsada xubnaha kale ee Jaamacadda Carabta. ==Akhris-qoraalka == {{main|List of countries by literacy rate}} Ururinta xogta akhris-qoraalka, dalal badan ayaa qiyaasa tirada dadka wax akhriya oo qora iyagoo ku saleynaya xog ay soo sheegeen shaqsiyaadkooda. Qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan xogta heerka waxbarasho sidii tilmaame, laakiin cabbiraadaha soo-xairashada dugiska ama dhameystirka fasalka waa ay kala duwanaan karaan. Sababtoo ah qeexitaannada iyo hababka ururinta xogta waa ay ku kala duwan yihiin dalalka, qiyaasta akhris-qoraalka waa in si taxaddar leh loo isticmaalo. [[United Nations Development Programme]], [[Human Development Report]] 2010. Gobolka [[Persian Gulf|Khaliijka Carabta]] wuxuu yeeshay [[oil boom|barwaaqo shidaal]], taasoo sahlaysa in la dhiso dugsiyo iyo jaamacado badan. {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Heerka [[Literacy|akhris-qoraalka]] (%) |- | 1 || {{flag|Qatar}} || 97.3<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|date=2007-06-13|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Literacy|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html|access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> |- | 2 || {{flag|Palestine}} || 96.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 3 || {{flag|Kuwait}} || 96.3<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 4 || {{flag|Bahrain}} || 95.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 5 || {{flag|Jordan}} || 95.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 6 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 94.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 7 || {{flag|Lebanon}} || 93.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 8 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 93.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 9 || {{flag|Oman}} || 91.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 10 || {{flag|Libya}} || 91<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 11 || {{flag|Syria}} || 86.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 12 || {{flag|Iraq}} || 85.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 13 || {{flag|Tunisia}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 14 || {{flag|Comoros}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 15 || {{flag|Algeria}} || 80.2<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 16 || {{flag|Sudan}} || 75.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 17 || {{flag|Egypt}} || 73.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 18 || {{flag|Yemen}} || 70.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 19 || {{flag|Djibouti}} || 70.0<ref name="Pcaotw">{{cite book|last=DK Publishing|title=Compact Atlas of the World|date=2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0756698591|page=138|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC|access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> |- | 20 || {{flag|Morocco}} || 68.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 21 || {{flag|Mauritania}} || 52.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 22 || {{flag|Somalia}} || 44–72<ref>{{cite web|title=Family Ties: Remittances and Livelihoods Support in Puntland and Somaliland|url=http://www.fsnau.org/downloads/Remittances-and-Livelihoods-Support-in-Puntland-and-Somaliland.pdf#6|publisher=FSNAU|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> |- |} ==Dadweynaha== {{main|Demographics of the Arab world}} Halka [[Arabs|Carabtu]] ay ka yihiin inta badan dadka ku nool Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo [[Egyptians|Masriyiinta]] ay ka dhiganyihiin dadweynaha ugu badan ee kooxdan gudaheeda ah, haddana gobolku wuxuu kaloo hoy u yahay kooxo kale oo qowmiyaddu gooni u ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Berbers|Berber-ka]], [[Kurds|Kurdida]], [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrianka]], [[Armenians|Armiinika]], [[Nubians|Nubiyaanka]], [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]], iyo [[Circassians|Cherkes-ka]]. Koox kasta oo ka mid ah kooxahan waxay leedahay dhaqan, luqad, iyo caadooyin u gaar ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1 Luulyo 2013, ku dhowaad 359 milyan oo qof ayaa ku nool dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. Tirada dadkeedu waxay si dhaqso leh uga koraysaa inta badan gobollada kale ee caalamka. Waddanka xubinta ka ah ee dadkiisu badanyahay waa [[Egypt|Masar]], oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100 milyan oo qof.<ref name="Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics">{{cite web |title=Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> Kan ugu yar dadweyne ahaan waa [[Comoros]], oo leh qiyaastii 850,000 oo qof. {| style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;" class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Tirada Dadka !! Cufnaanta (/km<sup>2</sup>) !! Cufnaanta (sq mi) !! Xusuusin |- | 1 || align=left|{{flag|Egypt}} || 109,450,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 109450000 / 1001449 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 2 || align=left|{{flag|Sudan}} || 50,418,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 50418000 / 1886068 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 3 || align=left|{{flag|Algeria}} || 47,251,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 47251000 / 2381741 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 4 || align=left|{{flag|Iraq}} || 45,521,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 45521000 / 446550 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 5 || align=left|{{flag|Yemen}} || 41,774,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 41774000 / 527968 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 6 || align=left|{{flag|Morocco}} || 37,712,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 37712000 / 438317 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 7 || align=left|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 36,006,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 36006000 / 2149690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 8 || align=left|{{flag|Syria}} || 21,393,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 21393000 / 185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2010<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 9 || align=left|{{flag|Somalia}} || 16,963,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 16963000 / 637657 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 10 || align=left|{{flag|Tunisia}} || 12,432,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 12432000 / 163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 11 || align=left|{{flag|Jordan}} || 11,442,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11442000 / 89342 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 12 || align=left|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 11,083,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11083000 / 83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 13 || align=left|{{flag|Libya}} || 6,982,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 6982000 / 1789540 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 14 || align=left|{{flag|Oman}} || 5,502,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5502000 / 309500 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 15 || align=left|{{flag|Palestine}} || 5,477,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5477000 / 6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2023<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 16 || align=left|{{flag|Lebanon}} || 5,354,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5354000 / 10452 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2024<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 17 || align=left|{{flag|Kuwait}} || 5,112,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5112000 / 17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 18 || align=left|{{flag|Mauritania}} || 4,629,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 4629000 / 1025520 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 19 || align=left|{{flag|Qatar}} || 3,109,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 3109000 / 11000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 20 || align=left|{{flag|Bahrain}} || 1,657,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1657000 / 750 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 21 || align=left|{{flag|Djibouti}} || 1,056,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1056000 / 23200 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 22 || align=left|{{flag|Comoros}} || 910,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 910000 / 2235 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- |- class="sortbottom" | '''Wadarta''' || align=left|{{flag|Arab League}} || ''' 481,233,000 ''' || '''{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}''' || '''{{convert|{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}|/km2|/sqmi|1|disp=output number only}}''' | align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |} ===Diinta=== Inta badan muwaadiniinta Jaamacadda Carabta waxay raacaan diinta [[Islam|Islaamka]], iyadoo [[Christianity|Masiixiyaddu]] ay tahay diinta labaad ee ugu weyn. Ugu yaraan 15 milyan oo Masiixiyiin ah ayaa wadajir ugu nool [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]], [[Palestine|Falastiin]], [[Sudan|Suudaan]] iyo [[Syria|Suuriya]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira tirooyin yar laakiin muhiim ah oo ka tirsan [[Druze|Durzi]], [[Yazidis|Yasiidiyiin]], [[Shabak people|Shabak]] iyo [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]]. Tirada [[Arabs|Carabta]] aan diinta haysta (aan diin lahayn) guud ahaan la heli maayo, laakiin cilmi-baarista ay samaysay [[Pew Forum]] waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ku dhowaad 1% dadka ku nool gobolka [[MENA]] ay yihiin kuwa aan diin lahayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/04/04/global-religious-diversity/|title=Religious Diversity Around The World|date=4 April 2014|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=9 September 2014}}</ref> ===Luqadaha=== Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabiga Suugaanta ah]], oo ku salaysan [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Hore]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalal dhowr ah oo xubno ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leeyihiin luqado kale oo la siman ama qaran ah, sida [[Somali language|Soomaaliga]], [[Afar language|Cafaariga]], [[Comorian language|Komoriga]], [[French language|Faransiiska]], [[English language|Ingiriiska]], [[Berber languages|Berber]] iyo [[Kurdish languages|Kurdiga]]. Waddamada badankoodu, waxaa jira af afka ah oo aan [[codification (linguistics)|rasmi ahayn]] oo ah [[varieties of Arabic|lahjadaha Carabiga ee la hadlo]]. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cayaaraha=== {{Main|Sport policies of the Arab League}} [[Pan-Arab Games|Cayaaraha Pan-Arab]] waxaa loo arkaa xafladda cayaareed ee ugu weyn Carabta, taas oo isu keenta ciyaartooy ka kala socota dhammaan dalalka Carabta si ay uga qaybqaataan cayaaro kala duwan oo kala duwan. [[Union of Arab Football Associations]] waxay soo qabanqaabisaa [[Arab Cup|Koobka Carabta]] (ee kooxaha qaran) iyo [[Arab Club Champions Cup|Koobka Horyaallada Kooxaha Carabta]] (ee naadiyada). Xiriirrada cayaaraha Carabta ayaa sidoo kale u jira cayaaro dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[basketball|kubadda koleyga]], [[volleyball|kubadda laliska]], [[team handball|gacanta]], [[table tennis|teniska miiska]], [[tennis|teniska]], [[Squash (sport)|skwoash]] iyo [[swimming (sport)|dabbaasha]]. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== {{Div col|colwidth=27em}} *[[Arab Charter on Human Rights]] *[[Arab Cold War]] *[[Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development]] (AFESD) * [[Arab leaders]] *[[Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict]] *[[Arab League boycott of Israel]] *[[Arab Maghreb Union]] (UMA) *[[Arab Monetary Fund]] *[[Arab Organization for Industrialization]] *[[Arab Parliament]] *[[Arab Union]] *[[Bloudan Conference (1937)|Bloudan Conference of 1937]] *[[Bloudan Conference of 1946]] *[[Council of Arab Economic Unity]] (CAEU) *[[Flag of the Arab League]] *[[General Arab Insurance Federation]] *[[General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture for Arab Countries]] *[[Gulf Cooperation Council]] (GCC) *[[Inshas]] *[[International Association of Arabic Dialectology]] (AIDA) *[[International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions]] *[[List of conflicts in the Arab League]] *[[List of country groupings]] *[[List of largest cities in the Arab world]] *[[List of multilateral free-trade agreements]] *[[Lists of the Arab League]] *[[Model Arab League]] *[[International Motor Insurance Card System#Orange card system|Orange card system]] – motor insurance scheme of the Arab League *[[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] *[[Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries]] (OAPEC) *[[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]] (OPEC) *[[Pan Arab Games]] *[[Pan-Arabism]] *[[Summit of South American-Arab Countries]] *[[United Arab Command]] *[[Arab Standardization and Metrology Organization]] {{colend}} ==Xusuusin== {{notelist}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|30em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Wikisource|Arab League Pact}} {{Commons}} * {{in lang|ar}} [http://www.lasportal.org/ League of Arab States] (goobta rasmiga ah). * {{in lang|en}} [http://arableague-us.org/wp/ League of Arab States Office] in Washington D.C. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041016021558/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league.htm The League of Arab States] at [[Al-Bab.com]] * [http://www.cfr.org/middle-east/arab-league/p25967 The Arab League] at [[Council on Foreign Relations]] * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/1550797.stm Profile: Arab League], ''[[BBC News]]'', updated 9 August 2011 {{Arab League |expanded}} {{Regional organizations}} {{Countries and languages lists}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab League}} [[Category:Arab League| ]] [[Category:Pan-Arabist organizations|League]] [[Category:International organizations based in Africa]] [[Category:International organizations based in Asia]] [[Category:International organizations based in the Middle East]] [[Category:Supranational unions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Africa]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Asia]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cairo]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1945]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Egypt]] [[Category:1940s in Islam]] [[Category:Language-based intergovernmental organizations]] [[Category:International political organizations]] [[Category:Pan-Arab organizations]] [[Category:Politics of the Arab world]] fm3lxt67tg3wsxwji0twl3lbt77fjwa 306322 306321 2026-08-31T10:51:41Z Isma4l 41797 306322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-semi|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{Infobox geopolitical organisation | conventional_long_name = Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta | native_name = {{unbulleted list|جامعة الدول العربية ([[Carabi]])<br />{{transliteration|engvar=gb|ar|Jāmiʿat ad-Duwal al-ʿArabiyya}}}} | linking_name = Jaamacadda Carabta | image_flag = Flag of the Arab League.svg | image_map = Member states of the Arab League (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah oo ku cagaaran madow | symbol_type = [[Calaamada Jaamacadda Carabta|Calaamad]] | image_symbol = Emblem of the Arab League.svg | admin_center = [[Qaahira]]{{efn|Laga soo bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1990, [[Tunis]].}} | admin_center_type = Xarunta | membership_type = [[Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta|Xubnaha]] | membership = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |{{flag|Algeria}} |{{flag|Bahrain}} |{{flag|Comoros}} |{{flag|Djibouti}} |{{flag|Egypt}} |{{flag|Iraq}} |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{flag|Kuwait}} |{{flag|Lebanon}} |{{flag|Libya}} |{{flag|Mauritania}} |{{flag|Morocco}} |{{flag|Oman}} |{{flag|Palestine}} |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |{{flag|Somalia}} |{{flag|Sudan}} |{{flag|Syria}} |{{flag|Tunisia}} |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |{{flag|Yemen}} }} | official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabi]] | org_type = [[Regional organization|Urur goboleed]] | leader_title1 = [[Secretary General of the Arab League|Xoghayaha Guud]] | leader_name1 = [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit]] | leader_title2 = [[Speaker of the Arab Parliament|Gdoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Al-Yamahi]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Arab Parliament Speaker Welcomes UK Plan to Recognize Palestinian State | url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5170971-arab-parliament-speaker-welcomes-uk-plan-recognize-palestinian-state }}</ref> | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | established_event1 = [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] | established_date1 = 22 Maarso 1945 | established_event2 = [[Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] | established_date2 = 18 Juun 1950 | established_event3 = [[Heshiiskii Casablanca]] | established_date3 = 11 Sebtembar 1965 | established_event4 = [[Politics of the Arab League|Heshiiska Iskaashiga Garsoorka]] | established_date4 = 6 Abriil 1983 | established_event5 = [[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|Aagga Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Weyn]] | established_date5 = 2 Janaayo 2005 | area_label = Baaxadda guud | area_km2 = 13132327 | area_sq_mi = 5070420 | area_rank = Ka 2-aad | area_label2 = | area_data2 = | population_estimate = 481,233,000<ref name="IMFAPR2025">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=612,419,632,611,469,433,439,443,446,672,682,686,449,453,456,726,732,463,744,466,487,474,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LP,&sy=2010&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=IMF |access-date=11 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = Ka 3-aad | population_density_km2 = 36.64 | population_density_sq_mi = 94.91 | GDP_PPP = $9.423 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,581<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal = $3.546 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,369<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = Ka 7-aad | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | currency = {{ubl | {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Dinaarka Aljeeriya]] | {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Dinaarka Baxrayn]] | {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Farankada Comoros]] | {{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Farankada Jabuuti]] | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Paundiga Masar]] | {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Dinaarka Ciraaq]] | {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Dinaarka Urdun]] | {{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Dinaarka Kuwayt]] | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Paundiga Lubnaan]] | {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Dinaarka Liibiya]] | {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Ouguiyada Mauritania]] | {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Dirhamka Marooko]] | {{flagicon|Oman}} [[Riyaalka Cumaan]] | {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Riyaalka Qatar]] | {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyaalka Sacuudiga]] | {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Shilingiga Soomaaliga]] | {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Paundiga Suudaan]] | {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Paundiga Suuriya]] | {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Dinaarka Tuniisiya]] | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dirhamka Imaaraadka|Dirhamka Isutaga Imaaraadka Carabta]] | {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Riyaalka Yemen]]}} | time_zone = | utc_offset = +0 ilaa +4 | official_website = {{URL|http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/|leagueofarabstates.org}} }} {{Life in the Arab League}} '''Jaamacadda Carabta''' (Af-Carabi: الجامعة العربية), oo si rasmi ah loo yiraahdo '''Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta''' (جامعة الدول العربية), waa [[regional organization|urur goboleed]] ka tirsan [[Arab world|Dunida Carabta]]. Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa lagu aasaasay [[Qaahira]] taariikhdu markay ahayd 22 Maarso 1945, iyadoo ay ku midoobeen bilowgii toddobo xubnood: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Emirate of Transjordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[First Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], iyo [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen Waqooyi]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arab League|encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia|year=2013}}</ref> Hadda, Jaamaddu waxay leedahay [[member states of the Arab League|22 xubnood]], oo ay ku jiraan saddex waddan oo aan Carabi ahayn, waana [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]] iyo [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blair |first=Iain |last2=Grivna |first2=Michal |last3=Sharif |first3=Amer Ahmad |date=2014 |title=The "Arab World" is Not a Useful Concept When Addressing Challenges to Public Health, Public Health Education, and Research in the Middle East |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3988371/ |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=2 |pages=30 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00030 |doi-access=free|issn=2296-2565 |pmc=3988371 |pmid=24783189}}</ref> Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda ayaa ah "in ay sii dhoweyso xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyo in ay iskudduwo iskaashiga dhexmoodle, si loo ilaaliyo madaxbannaanidooda iyo qaranimadooda, hamigoodana loo eego si guud arrimaha iyo danaha dalalka Carabta".<ref name="yale">{{cite web|title=Pact of the League of Arab States, 22 March 1945|work=[[The Avalon Project]] |publisher=[[Yale Law School]]|year=1998|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/arableag.asp |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Ururku wuxuu taariikhdiisa oo dhan helay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=Barnett|first1=Michael|chapter=Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League|date=2007|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/crafting-cooperation/designed-to-fail-or-failure-of-design-the-origins-and-legacy-of-the-arab-league/5D266BBD41931A1E5D9CBE2266DABEBD|title=Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective|pages=180–220|editor-last=Johnston|editor-first=Alastair Iain|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511491436.006|isbn=978-0-521-69942-6|last2=Solingen|first2=Etel|editor2-last=Acharya|editor2-first=Amitav|access-date=22 December 2021|url-status=live|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hay'adaha ay leedahay, gaar ahaan [[Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization]] (ALECSO) iyo Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada ee [[Council of Arab Economic Unity]] (CAEU), Jaamacaddu waxay fududaysaa barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqaale, dhaqan, saynis, iyo bulsho ee loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo danaha Dunida Carabta.<ref>Ashish K. Vaidya, ''Globalization'' (ABC-CLIO: 2006), p. 525.</ref> Waxay u adeegtay sidii madal ay dalalka xubnaha ka ahi ugu duugi lahaayeen siyaasadda, ugu diyaarin lahaayeen daraasado iyo guddiyo la xiriira arrimaha wadajirka ah, ugu xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dowladaha, isla markaana ay ugu xaddidi lahaayeen dhibaatooyinka sida [[1958 Lebanon crisis|dhibaatadii Lubnaan ee 1958]]. Jaamacaddu waxay kaloo ahayd madal lagu qabyo-tiray oo lagu soo gabagabeeyey dukumiintiyo badan oo taariikhi ah oo dhiirrigelinaya is-dhexgalka dhaqaale. Hal tusaale waa [[Joint Arab Economic Action Charter]], oo qeexaysa mabaadi'da hawlaha dhaqaale ee gobolka. Waddan kasta oo xubin ka ahi wuxuu leeyahay hal cod oo ku dhex leh [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]], go'aanna waxaa ku waajib ah oo keliya kuwa u codeeyay. Ujeeddadii jaamacadda ee 1945 waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo oo la isku xir-xiro barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqan, dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee xubnaheeda isla markaana la dhex-dhexaadiyo khilaafaadka dhexmoodle ama kuwa iyaga iyo dhinacyada saddexaad u dhexeeya. Intaa waxaa dheer, saxiixida heshiis ku saabsan ''Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha'' 13 Abriil 1950 wuxuu ku waajibiyay saxiixayaasha inay isku duwaan tallaabooyinka difaaca milatari. Bishii Maarso 2015, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in la dhisay Ciidan Wadajir ah oo Carabi ah oo ujeedadoodu tahay in lagaga hortago xagjirnimada iyo khataraha kale ee soo wajahan Dowladaha Carabta. Go'aankaas waxaa la gaaray xilli [[Operation Decisive Storm]] ay ka sii dareysay Yemen. Ka-qaybgalka mashruucan waa mid ikhtiyaari ah, ciidankuna waxay soo farageliyaan oo keliya marka uu codsado mid ka mid ah dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Iskaashiga milatari ee horay u jiray ee u dhexeeyay dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta, dagaallada sokeeye ee gobolka, iyo khataraha argagixiso waxay ahaayeen kuwa dhaliyay dhismaha JAF.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fanack|title=The Joint Arab Force – Will It Ever Work?|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/league-arab-states/the-joint-arab-force-will-it-ever-work/|website=Fanack.com|access-date=13 July 2015}}</ref> Horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Golaha Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu soo jeediyay soo-jeedin ah in la abuuro [[Politics of the Arab League|Golayaasha Ganacsiga Wadajirka ah ee Carabta]] ee dalalka caalamiga ah dhexdiisa. Taasina waxay horseedday in la dejiyo waajibaadyo lagu dhiirrigelinayo, lagu taageerayo, loona fududeynayo ganacsiga labada dhinac ah ee u dhexeeya Dunida Carabta iyo la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga muhiimka ah. ==Taariikh== Ka dib markii la ansixiyay [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] sanadkii 1944, Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa la aas-aasay 22 Maarso 1945.<ref name="History">[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed Arab League formed – History.com This Day in History – 3/22/1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116041827/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed |date=16 November 2018 }}.</ref> Xarunta rasmiga ah ee Jaamacaddu waxay ahayd Qasriga Boustan ee Qaahira.<ref name= Baqai>{{cite journal|author=I. H. Baqai|title=The Pan-Arab League|journal=India Quarterly|date=May 1946|volume=2|issue=2|pages=144–150|jstor=45067282|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45067282|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> Waxay u jeedday in ay noqoto urur goboleed ay leeyihiin dalalka Carabta oo diiradda saaraya horumarinta dhaqaalaha, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo isku-dubaridka ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed.<ref name= Baqai/> Waddamo kale ayaa gadaal ka soo biiray jaamacadda.<ref>[http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm HowStuffWorks "Arab League"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815225240/http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm |date=15 August 2011 }} History.howstuffworks.com (27 February 2008). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.</ref> Waddan kasta waxaa la siiyay hal cod oo golaha dhexdiisa ah. Tallaabadii ugu weyneyd ee ugu horreysay waxay ahayd faragelin wadajir ah si looga hortago in Falastiin loo qaybiyo laba dal iyadoo la raacayo go'aankii Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Markii Urdun ay ogolaatay soo jeedintan, Masar waxay soo faragelisay si ay uga hortagto in taasi dhacdo.<ref>Avi Shlaim, ''Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine''. Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 1988; Uri Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London, Frank Cass, 1987; Joseph Nevo, King Abdullah and Palestine: A Territorial Ambition (London: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.</ref> Waxaa ku xigtay abuuritaanka heshiis difaaca wadajirka ah laba sano ka dib. Suuqa guud waxaa la dhisay 1965.<ref>Robert W. MacDonald, ''The League of Arab States: A Study in Regional Organization''. Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Princeton University Press, 1965.</ref> [[File:Arab League of states establishment - Egypt 22-3-1945.jpg|thumb|Shaambada xusuusta aasaaska Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta - Masar 22-3-1945. Muujineysa calammada 8-da waddan ee aas-aasayaasha ah: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Saudi Arabia|Boqortooyada Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]], [[Second Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]] iyo [[Palestine|Falastiin]]]] Sida uu qabo [[Michael N. Barnett|Michael Barnett]] iyo [[Etel Solingen]], Jaamacadda Carabta "waxay gaartay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah" taariikhdeeda oo dhan. Waxay sheegeen in qaab-dhismeedka Jaamacadda Carabta uu ka tarjumayo welwelka shakhsi ahaaneed ee hoggaamiyeyaasha Carabta ee ku aaddan badbaadada taliskooda: "si siyaasadeed waddaniyadda Carabta iyo aqoonsiga la wadaago waxay ku kellifeen dalalka Carabta inay qaataan hadallada midnimada Carabta si ay u sharciyeeyaan talisyadooda, isla markaana ay uga cabsadaan midnimada Carabta ficil ahaan sababtoo ah waxay ku soo rogi lahayd xannibaadyo ka waaweyn madaxbannaanidooda."<ref name=":0"/> Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa "si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay ku guuldarraysato soo saarista nooca iskaashiga iyo is-dhexgalka weyn ee daciifin lahaa hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadeed ee dalka gudihiisa."<ref name=":0"/> ==Juqraafi== {{main|Geography of the Arab world}} [[File:Arab League members colored by joining date.svg|thumb|right|Taariikhaha ay ku biireen dalalka xubnaha ka ah; Comoros (oo wareeg ku jirta) waxay ku biirtay 1993.<br />{{Color box|#f4eed7|border=darkgray}} 1940-meeyadii {{Color box|#decd87|border=darkgray}} 1950-meeyadii {{Color box|#c8ab37|border=darkgray}} 1960-meeyadii {{Color box|#786721|border=darkgray}} 1970-meeyadii]] Dalalka xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan {{convert|13000000|sqkm|abbr=on}} waxayna ku fidsan yihiin laba qaaradood: [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]. Gobolku inta badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay lama degaan abaaran, sida [[Saxaraha Weyn]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu kaloo ka kooban yahay dhulal aad u bacrin ah sida [[Dooxada Niil]], [[Dooxada Jubba]] iyo [[Dooxada Shabeelle]] ee ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], [[Buuraha Atlas]] ee ku yaal [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], iyo [[Fertile Crescent|Bilaha Bacrin ah]] ee ku fidsan [[Mesopotamia]] iyo [[Levant]]. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay keymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer adduunka, [[Niil]]. ==Xubinnimo== {{main|Member states of the Arab League}} [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Heshiiskii Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta, waa heshiiskii aas-aasiga ahaa ee Jaamacadda Carabta. La ansixiyay 1945, wuxuu dhigayaa in "Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta ay ka koobnaan doonaan Dowladaha Carabta ee madaxbannaan ee saxiixay Axdigan."<ref name="yale"/> Sannadkii 1945, waxaa jiray toddobo xubnood,<ref name="Brittanica">{{Cite web |title=Arab League|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-League |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|date=26 May 2024 }}</ref> laakiin hadda Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan 10 waddan oo Afrikaan ah: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Algeria}} * {{flag|Bahrain}} * {{flag|Comoros}} * {{flag|Djibouti}} * {{flag|Egypt}} * {{flag|Iraq}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} * {{flag|Lebanon}} * {{flag|Libya}} * {{flag|Mauritania}} * {{flag|Morocco}} * {{flag|Oman}} * {{flag|Palestine}} * {{flag|Qatar}} * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} * {{flag|Somalia}} * {{flag|Sudan}} * {{flag|Syria}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} * {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} * {{flag|Yemen}} }} iyo 7 waddan oo kormeerayaal ah (fiiro gaar ah: dalalka kormeerayaasha ah ee hoose waxaa lagu casuumay inay ka qaybgalaan fadhiyada gaarka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta laakiin ma laha xuquuq codayn): {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Armenia}}<ref name="Armenia">{{cite web| title = Armenia invited as observer for Arab League| publisher = Azad Hye| date = 19 January 2005| url = http://azad-hye.blogspot.ca/2005/01/observer-status-for-armenia-in-arab.html| access-date = 20 May 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name="Brazil">{{cite web| title = Brazil must be a facilitator in the Middle East, says VP| date = 14 August 2019| publisher = Brazil-Arab News Agency| url = https://anba.com.br/en/brazil-must-be-a-facilitator-in-the-middle-east-says-vp| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="Chad">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/4/29/chad-to-join-arab-league-as-observer|title=Chad to join Arab League as observer|date=29 April 2005|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Eritrea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/25874/nile-dam-still-raging-despite-global-pause-for-covid-19/|title=Nile dam still raging, despite global pause for COVID-19|website=The Africa Report|date=8 April 2020|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Greece}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2021/07/12/greece-observer-arab-league/|title=Greece to become observer member of the Arab League|website=www.greekcitytimes.com|date=12 July 2021 |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> * {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/india-and-the-arab-league-walking-the-trade-talk/|title=India and the Arab League: Walking the Trade Talk|website=thediplomat.com|date=21 December 2014|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Venezuela}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/30/world/meast/arab-league-fast-facts/index.html|title=Arab League Fast Facts|website=CNN|date=30 July 2013|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> }} === Hakinta xubinnimada === [[Egypt|Masar]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda Jaamacadda Carabta 26 Maarso 1979 sabab la xiriirta [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|Heshiiskii nabadda ee Masar iyo Israa'iil]], iyadoo xarunta Jaamacaddu ay ka soo guurtay Qaahira oo ay u aadday [[Tunis]], Tuniisiya. Sannadkii 1987, dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay dib u soo celiyeen xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ee ay la lahaayeen Masar, dalkuna wuxuu dib ugu biiray Jaamacadda bishii May 1989, xarunta Jaamacaddana waxaa loo soo celiyay Qaahira bishii Sebtembar 1990.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2008 |title=Timeline: Arab League |publisher=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1550977.stm |access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref> [[Libya]] xubinnimadeeda waa la hakinay 22 Febraayo 2011, ka dib markii uu qarxay [[first Libyan civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Libyan kowaad]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4032530,00.html | title= Libya suspended from Arab League sessions | website= Ynetnews.com | date= 2011-02-22 | access-date= 2014-04-28}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u codeysay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Libya 27 Agoosto 2011 iyadoo aqoonsatay wakiil ka socda [[National Transitional Council|Golaha Kala-guurka Qaranka]], oo ahaa dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee dalkaas qayb ahaan aqoonsiga haysatay.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rttnews.com/Content/GeneralNews.aspx?Id=1700187&SM=1 |work= RTT News |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=25 August 2011 |title=Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council}}</ref> [[Syria|Suuriya]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda 16 Nofeembar 2011 ka dib markii uu qarxay [[Syrian civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Suuriya]]. 6 Maarso 2013, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay kursigii Suuriya ee Jaamacadda siisay [[Syrian National Coalition|Isbahaysiga Qaran ee Suuriya]], oo ahaa kooxda mucaaradka ah ee ugu weyn [[Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad|mucaaradka Suuriya]].<ref name="syriannationalcoalition">{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/26/syrian-opposition-appeals-nato-support|title= Syrian opposition takes Arab League seat|first= Ian|last= Black|work= The Guardian|date= 26 March 2013|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> 9 Maarso 2014, xoghayaha guud [[Nabil Elaraby]] wuxuu sheegay in kursiga Suuriya uu ahaan doono mid banneyn ilaa inta mucaaradku ka dhammaystiranayaan dhismaha hay'adahooda.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-09/249749-syria-opposition-not-yet-ready-for-arab-league-seat.ashx|title= Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'|work= The Daily Star Newspaper|place= Lebanon|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> Sannadkii 2021, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday geeddi-socod caadi-yareyn ah oo u dhexeeya [[Ba'athist Syria|dowladda Ba'athist-ka Suuriya]] iyo waddamada kale ee Carabta.<ref>[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ "Saudi Arabia: Talks underway on Syria's return to Arab League"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315152236/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ |date=15 March 2023 }} ''middleeastmonitor''. Accessed 25 March 2023.</ref> 7 Maajo 2023, shirka [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]] ee ka dhacay Qaahira, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Suuriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/05/07/Arab-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-Syria-s-return-to-Arab-League-Sudan-conflict|title=Arab foreign ministers agree to readmit Syria to the Arab League|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=7 May 2023|access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> ==Siyaasadda iyo maamulka== {{main|Politics of the Arab League}} {{see also|Charter of the Arab League|Council of the Arab League|Arab Parliament|Foreign relations of the Arab League}} [[File:Arab Leage HQ 977.PNG|thumb|Xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta, [[Qaahira]].]] [[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb| {{legend|#cdcd9c|Aqoonsiga labada [[Israel|Israa'iil]] iyo Dawladda Falastiin}} {{legend|#FF4500|Aqoonsiga Dawladda Falastiin keliya}}]] Jaamacadda Carabta waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu caawiyo is-dhexgalka dhaqaale ee xubnaheeda, iyo in uu xalliyo khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyadoon la weydiisan gargaar dibadda ah. Waxay leedahay qaybo ka mid ah baarlamaan metela dawladaha halka arrimaha dibaddana inta badan lagu maamulo kormeerka Qaramada Midoobay hoosteeda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D36214%26URL_DO%3DDO_PRINTPAGE%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html|title=The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALESCO)|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]] wuxuu ansixiyay mabda'a [[Pan-Arabism|qaran-qaranimada Carabta]] iyadoo la ixtiraamayo [[sovereignty|madaxbannaanida]] dalalka xubnaha shakhsi ahaaneed. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda iyo guddiyada waxaa lagu heshiiyay Oktoobar 1951. Kuwa Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku saleysnaa laba-jibaarka hay'adaha sare ee gobolka iyo madaxbannaanida dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta qaranimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay xooggeeda ka soo qaadaneysaa dookha dabiiciga ah ee eliska taliska si ay u ilaashadaan awooddooda iyo madaxbannaanidooda go'aan-qaadasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Arab Cold War|mucaaradka u dhexeeya madaxda Carabta]], iyo saameynta awoodaha dibadda ee ka soo horjeesan kara midnimada Carabta waxaa loo arki karaa caqabado hortaagan is-dhexgal qoto dheer oo jaamacadda ah. Iyagoo maanka ku haya ku dhawaaqidoodii hore ee ay ku taageerayeen [[Arabs|Carabta]] [[Palestine|Falastiin]], aasaasayaashii Axdiga waxay go'aansadeen inay ku daraan gudaha Jaamacadda tan iyo bilowgii.<ref name=geddes>Geddes, 1991, p. 208.</ref> Taasi waxaa lagu sameeyay lifaaq caddaynaya:<ref name="yale"/> {{cquote|In kasta oo Falastiin aysan awood u lahayn in ay maamusho qaddarkeeda, haddana waxay ahayd saldhigga aqoonsiga madaxbannaanideeda in Axdiga Golaha Qarammada Midoobay uu u go'aamiyay nidaam dowladeed iyada. Sida darteed, jiritaankeeda iyo madaxbannaanideeda ka dhexaysa quruumaha lagama su'aali karo ''de jure'' in ka badan madaxbannaanida mid ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Carabta. [...] Sida darteed, Dowladaha saxiixay Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qabaan in marka la eego xaaladaha gaarka ah ee Falastiin, Golaha Jaamacadda uu u magacaabo wakiil Carabi ah oo ka socda Falastiin si uu uga qaybqaato shaqadeeda ilaa dalkan uu ka helayo madaxbannaanida dhabta ah}} Bishii Sebtembar 1963, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u magacowday [[Ahmad Shukeiri]] Wakiilka Falastiin ee Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Har-El |first=Shai |title=China and the Palestinian Organizations: 1964–1971 |date=2024 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3-031-57827-4}}</ref> Shir-madaxeedkii Qaahira ee 1964, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday abuuritaanka urur metela dadka Falastiin. [[Palestinian National Council|Golaha Qaranka ee Falastiin]] ee ugu horreeyay wuxuu ku shiray [[East Jerusalem|Quddusbari]] 29 May 1964. [[Palestine Liberation Organization|Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin]] waxaa la aas-aasay intii uu socday shirkan 2 Juun 1964. Falastiin waxaa si dhakhso ah loogu aqbalay Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo ay matalayso PLO. Maanta, [[State of Palestine|Dawladda Falastiin]] waa xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta. Shir-madaxeedkii [[Beirut Summit|Beeruut]] ee 28 Maarso 2002, jaamacaddu waxay ansixisay [[Arab Peace Initiative|Hindisaha Nabadda ee Carabta]], oo ah qorshe nabadeed oo uu dhiirrigeliyay Sacuudigu oo ku aaddan [[Arab–Israeli conflict|khilaafka Carabta iyo Israa'iil]]. Hindisuhu wuxuu soo bandhigay caadi-yareyn buuxda oo ku saabsan xiriirka [[Israel|Israa'iil]]. Taas beddelkeedana, Israa'iil waxaa laga rabaa inay ka baxdo dhammaan [[Israeli-occupied territories|dhulka la haysto]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Golan Heights]], inay aqoonsato madaxbannaanida Falastiin ee [[West Bank|Daanta Galbeed]] iyo [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda, iyo sidoo kale "xal caddaalad ah" oo loo helo [[Palestinian refugees|qaxootiga Falastiin]]. Hindisaha Nabadda waxaa dib loogu taageeray 2007 Shir-madaxeedkii Riyadh. Bishii Luulyo 2007, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u dirtay ergo ka koobnayd wasiirrada arrimaha dibadda ee [[Jordan|Urdun]] iyo [[Egypt|Masar]] oo tagtay Israa'iil si ay u dhiirrigeliyaan hindisaha. Ka dib tallaabadii [[Venezuela]] ay ku cayrisay diblomaasiyiinta Israa'iil intii uu socday [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict|dagaalkii Gaza ee 2008-2009]], xildhibaanka Kuwayt [[Waleed Al-Tabtabaie]] wuxuu soo jeediyay in xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta loo raro [[Caracas, Venezuela|Caracas]], [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-13536--12-12--.html|title=Kuwaiti MP calls to move Arab league to Venezuela|access-date=16 January 2009|date=15 January 2009|work=AFP, via CaribbeanNetNews}}</ref> 13 Juun 2010, Amr Mohammed Moussa, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta, wuxuu booqday [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], taas oo ahayd booqashadii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta tan iyo markii Hamas ay la wareegtay gacan-ku-haynta hubaysan 2007. Jaamacadda Carabta waa xubin ka tirsan [[China-Arab States Cooperation Forum]] (CASCF), oo la aas-aasay 2004. CASCF waa ka-qaybgalkii ugu horreeyay ee Jaamacadda Carabta ee madal iskaashi oo ay la leedahay waddan ama gobol kale.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=58}}</ref> CASCF waa hab-maamuleedka isku-dubaridka dhinacyada badan ee u dhexeeya dalalka Carabta iyo Shiinaha, waxaana gudaha CASCF Jaamacadda Carabta ay ku matashaa dalalkeeda xubnaha ka ah sidii xoog isku midaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=57}}</ref> Isku-dubaridka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u oggolaaneysaa dalalka Carabta inay si firfircoon ula xaajoodaan mashaariicda wadajirka ah ee ay ku jiraan dhowr waddan, sida mashaariicda tareennada, mashaariicda tamarta nukliyeerka, iyo hindisayaasha Badda Dhimatay.<ref name=":1" /> Sannadkii 2015, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|faragelinta milatari ee uu hoggaaminayo Sacuudiga ee Yemen]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Zaidiyyah|Xuutiyiinta Shiicada ah]] iyo ciidamada daacadda u ah Madaxweynihii hore [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]], oo xukunka looga tuuray [[Yemeni Revolution|kacaankii 2011]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-joint-arab-military-force-20150329-story.html|agency=Los Angeles Times|title=Arab League's joint military force is a 'defining moment' for region|date=29 March 2015|first1=Christina|last1=Boyle|first2=Zaid|last2=al-Alayaa|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> 15 Abriil 2018, iyaga oo uga jawaabaya [[Operation Olive Branch|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyiga Suuriya]] ee ujeeddadiisu ahayd in lagu ceyriyo [[People's Protection Units|Kurdida Suuriya]] ee ay taageerto Maraykanka magaalada [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]], Jaamacadda Carabta waxay meel marisay qaraar ugu baaqaya ciidamada Turkiga inay ka baxaan Afrin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey slams Arab League resolution on Afrin operation|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkey-slams-arab-league-resolution-on-afrin-operation-3329296|publisher=Yeni Safak|date=18 April 2018|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref> Bishii Sebtembar 2019, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay cambaaraysay qorshaha [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] ee ah inuu [[Annexation|la wareego]] qaybta bariga ee Daanta Galbeed ee la haysto ee loo yaqaanno [[Jordan Valley|Dooxada Urdun]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Arab nations condemn Netanyahu's Jordan Valley annexation plan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49657915 |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay ku kulantay Qaahira 12 Oktoober 2019 si ay uga wada hadlaan [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyi-bari Suuriya]]. Markii ay kulmeen, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay u codeeyeen inay cambaaraan duullaanka Turkiga, iyagoo ku tilmaamay labadaba 'duulaan' iyo 'gardarro' ka dhan ah waddan Carabi ah, waxayna ku dareen in ururku u arko mid xadgudub ku ah sharciga caalamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arableague-turkey-syria-idUSKBN1WR0C9|title=Turkey's Syria offensive an 'invasion': Arab League secretary general|date=2019-10-12|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> 9 Sebtembar 2020, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay diiday inay cambaarayso go'aanka [[United Arab Emirates|Imaaraadka Carabta]] ee ahaa inuu [[Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement|caadi ka dhigo xiriirka uu la leeyahay Israa'iil]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "ujeeddada ay dalalkeenna Carabta oo dhan raadinayaan, marka laga reebo midna, waa in la soo afjaro shaqaysiga lana aasaaso dawlad Falastiin oo madaxbannaan oo ku salaysan xuduudihii 1967 iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda," ayuu yiri [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit|Aboul Gheit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/arab-league-ministers-agree-condemn-uae-israel-deal-200909141524785.html|title=Arab League: Ministers agree not to condemn UAE-Israel deal|date=September 9, 2020|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> Janaayo 2024, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|dacwadda xasuuqa ee Koonfur Afrika ay u gudbisay Maxkamadda ICJ]] ee ka dhanka ah Israa'iil.<ref>{{cite news |title=Genocide case against Israel: Where does the rest of the world stand on the momentous allegations? |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515627.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=13 January 2024}}</ref> ==Liiska shir-madaxedyada== [[File:Arab League Summit Logo.png|right|thumb|Calaamada [[Arab League Summit 2013|Shir-madaxeedka Jaamacadda Carabta 2013]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|1]] || data-sort-value="1964-01-13" | 13–17 Janaayo 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Alexandria)|2]] || data-sort-value="1964-09-05" | 5–11 Sebtembar 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Iskandariya]] |- | [[1965 Arab League summit|3]] || data-sort-value="1965-09-13" | 13–17 Sebtembar 1965 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1967 Arab League summit|4]] || data-sort-value="1967-08-29" | 29 Agoosto 1967 || {{flag|Sudan|1956}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[1968 Arab League summit|5]] || data-sort-value="1969-12-21" | 21–23 Diseembar 1969 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1973 Arab League summit|6]] || data-sort-value="1973-11-26" | 26–28 Nofeembar 1973 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1974 Arab League summit|7]] || data-sort-value="1974-10-29" | 29 Oktoober 1974 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Cairo)|8]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-25" | 25–26 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Egypt|1972}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1978 Arab League summit|9]] || data-sort-value="1978-11-02" | 2–5 Nofeembar 1978 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1979 Arab League summit|10]] || data-sort-value="1979-11-20" | 20–22 Nofeembar 1979 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[1980 Arab League summit|11]] || data-sort-value="1980-11-21" | 21–22 Nofeembar 1980 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1982 Arab League summit|12]] || data-sort-value="1982-09-06" | 6–9 Sebtembar 1982 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Fez, Morocco|Fes]] |- | [[1985 Arab League summit|13]] || 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1987 Arab League summit|14]] || 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1988 Arab League summit|15]] || data-sort-value="1988" | Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1989 Arab League summit|16]] || 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1990 Arab League summit|17]] || 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1996 Arab League summit|18]] || 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[2001 Arab League summit|19]] || data-sort-value="2001-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2001 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[2002 Arab League summit|20]] || data-sort-value="2002-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2002 || {{flag|Lebanon}} ||[[Beirut]] |- | [[2003 Arab League summit|21]] || data-sort-value="2003-03-01" | 1 Maarso 2003 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] |- | [[2004 Arab League summit|22]] || data-sort-value="2004-05-22" | 22–23 Maajo 2004 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[2005 Arab League summit|23]] || data-sort-value="2005-03-22" | 22–23 Maarso 2005 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2006 Arab League summit|24]] || data-sort-value="2006-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2006 || {{flag|Sudan}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[2007 Arab League summit|25]] || data-sort-value="2007-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2007 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Riyadh]] |- | [[2008 Arab League summit|26]] || data-sort-value="2008-03-29" | 29–30 Maarso 2008 || {{flag|Ba'athist Syria|1980|name=Syria}}||[[Damascus]] |- | [[2009 Arab League summit|27]] || data-sort-value="2009-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2009 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]] |- | [[2010 Arab League summit|28]] || data-sort-value="2010-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2010 || {{flag|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|name=Libya}}||[[Sirte]] |- | [[2012 Arab League summit|29]] || data-sort-value="2012-03-27" | 27–29 Maarso 2012 || {{flag|Iraq}} ||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[2013 Arab League summit|30]] || data-sort-value="2013-03-21" | 21–27 Maarso 2013 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab League Summit 2013|url=http://qatarconferences.org/arableaguesummit2013/|access-date=2023-02-10|website=qatarconferences.org}}</ref> |- | [[2014 Arab League summit|31]] || data-sort-value="2014-03-25" | 25–26 Maarso 2014 || {{flag|Kuwait}} ||[[Kuwait City]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mater|first=Jassim|title=Summit hit by new rifts|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2014/3/23/arab-league-summit-hit-by-new-rifts|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2015 Arab League summit|32]] || data-sort-value="2015-03-28" | 28–29 Maarso 2015 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm El Sheikh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opposition fail to get Syria Arab League seat|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/3/27/opposition-fail-to-get-syria-arab-league-seat|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2016 Arab League summit|33]] || data-sort-value="2016-07-20" | 20 Luulyo 2016 || {{flag|Mauritania|1959}} ||[[Nouakchott]] |- | [[2017 Arab League summit|34]] || data-sort-value="2017-03-23" | 23–29 Maarso 2017 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/2016/11/02/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3.html|title=الأردن يستضيف القمة العربية في مارس|website=www.alarabiya.net|date=November 2016|access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> |- | [[2018 Arab League summit|35]] || data-sort-value="2018-04-15" | 15 Abriil 2018 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Dhahran]] |- | [[2019 Arab League summit|36]] || data-sort-value="2019-03-31" | 31 Maarso 2019 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/47928/Tunisia-to-host-next-Arab-summit|title=Tunisia to host next Arab summit|website=EgyptToday|date=15 April 2018|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> |- | [[2022 Arab League summit|37]] || data-sort-value="2022-11-01" | 1 Nofeembar 2022 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2023 Arab League summit|38]] || data-sort-value="2023-05-19" | 19 Maajo 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Jeddah]] |- | [[2024 Arab League summit|39]] || data-sort-value="2024-05-16" | 16 Maajo 2024 || {{flag|Bahrain}} ||[[Manama]] |- | [[2025 Arab League summit|40]] | data-sort-value="2025-05-17" | 17 Maajo 2025 | {{flag|Iraq}} | [[Baghdad]] |} ===Shir-madaxedyada degdegga ah=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1970 Arab League summit|1]] || data-sort-value="1970-09-21" | 21–27 Sebtembar 1970 || {{flag|United Arab Republic|1958}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)|2]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-17" | 17–28 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 3 || data-sort-value="1985-09-07" | 7–9 Sebtembar 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Casablanca]] |- | 4 || data-sort-value="1987-11-08" | 8–12 Nofeembar 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} || [[Amman]] |- | 5 || data-sort-value="1988-06-07" | 7–9 Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Algiers]] |- | 6 || data-sort-value="1989-06-23" | 23–26 Juun 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Casablanca]] |- | 7 || data-sort-value="1990-05-28" | 28–30 Maajo 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}} || [[Baghdad]] |- | 8 || data-sort-value="1990-08-09" | 9–10 Agoosto 1990 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 9 || data-sort-value="1996-06-22" | 22–23 Juun 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 10 || data-sort-value="2000-10-21" | 21–22 Oktoober 2000 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 11 || data-sort-value="2016-01-07" | 7 Janaayo 2016 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | [[2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit|12]] || data-sort-value="2023-11-11" | 11 Nofeembar 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 13 || data-sort-value="2025-03-04" | 4 Maarso 2025 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- |} {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Labada shir-madaxeed laguma darin nidaamka shir-madaxedyada Jaamacadda Carabta: ** [[Anshas]], Masar: 28–29 Maajo 1946. ** Beirut, Lubnaan: 13 – 15 Nofeembar 1958. * Shir-madaxeedkii 12aad ee Fes, Morocco, wuxuu dhacay laba marxaladood: ** 25 Nofeembar 1981: Kulankii 5-ta saacadood ahaa wuxuu ku dhammaaday adigoon wax heshiis ah laga gaarin dukumiintiga. ** 6–9 Sebtembar 1982. {{colend}} ==Milatari== {{Main|Military of the Arab League}} Golaha Difaaca Wadajirka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa mid ka mid ah [[Institutions of the Arab League|Hay'adaha Jaamacadda Carabta]].<ref name="ABC-CLIO">{{cite web|title=Arab-Israeli Wars: 60 Years of Conflict|url=http://www.historyandtheheadlines.abc-clio.com/ContentPages/ContentPage.aspx?entryId=1281297|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Waxaa la aas-aasay hoos imaanaya shuruudaha [[Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty|Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] ee 1950 si loo isku dubarido [[Collective security|difaaca wadajirka ah]] ee [[Member states of the Arab League|dalalka xubnaha ka ah]] Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Osmańczyk|first=Edmund Jan|author-link=Edmund Osmańczyk|chapter=League of Arab States|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Anthony|volume=2|edition=3|page=1290|place=New York|publisher=Routledge|year=2003}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta ahaan urur ahaan ma laha ciidan milatari, si la mid ah Qaramada Midoobay, laakiin shir-madaxeedkii 2007, hoggaamiyeyaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay dejiyaan siyaasadooda difaaca wadajirka ah ayna dhistaan ciidan nabad ilaalin ah oo la geeyo koonfurta Lubnaan, Darfur, Ciraaq, iyo meelaha kale ee kulul. Shir-madaxeedkii 2015 ee ka dhacay Masar, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ku heshiiyeen mabda' ahaan inay dhistaan ciidan milatari oo wadajir ah.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-arabs-communique-idUSL6N0WV03T20150329|title=Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2015|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> ==Khayraadka dhaqaalaha== {{Main|Economy of the Arab League}} {{See also|List of countries by GDP (PPP)|List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita}} Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qani ku tahay khayraadka, sida [[oil|shidaalka]] baaxadda leh iyo kheyraadka [[natural gas|gaaska dabiiciga ah]] ee ku jira dalal qaar oo xubno ka ah. Guulaha dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Jaamacaddu ee dhexmaray dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan sidaas u xoog badnayn marka loo eego kuwa ay gaareen ururada Carabta ee ka yar sida [[Gulf Cooperation Council|Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka]] (GCC).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN2041155720081120|title=Reuters.com|work=Reuters|date=20 November 2008|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Waxaa ka mid ah [[Arab Gas Pipeline|Dhuumaha Gaaska Carabta]], oo qaadi doona gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq oo la gayn doono Urdun, Suuriya, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo xagga dhaqaalaha ah oo u dhexeeya dalalka shidaalka leh ee horumaray ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[UAE]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]] iyo [[Yemen]]. [[File:OAPEC Members.png|thumb|right|Xubnaha [[OAPEC]]]] Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kaloo ku jira dhulal aad u bacrin ah oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Sudan]]. Waxaa loogu yeeraa dambiisha cuntada ee [[Arab World|Dunida Carabta]], iyadoo aanay xasillooni-darridda gobolka oo ay ku jirto madaxbannaanida [[South Sudan]] aysan saameyn ku yeelan warshadeeda [[tourism|dalxiiska]], taas oo loo arko warshadaha ugu koboca degdeg badan gobolka, iyadoo [[Egypt]], [[UAE]], [[Lebanon]], [[Tunisia]], iyo [[Jordan]] ay hormuud ka yihiin. Warshad kale oo si xawli ah uga kobeysa Jaamacadda Carabta waa isgaarsiinta. Guulaha dhaqaale ee dhexmaray xubnaha waxay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya taariikhda jaamacadda, ururada kale ee Carabta ee ka yar ayaa gaaray waxyaabo ka badan intii ay jaamacaddu gaartay, sida [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]], laakiin dhawaanahan dhowr mashruuc oo dhaqaale oo waaweyn oo ballanqaad leh ayaa la dhammaystirayaa, dhuumaha gaaska Carabta ayaa la filayaa inay dhammaadaan 2010, iyagoo ku xiraya Gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq Urdun, Suuriya iyo Lubnaan, ka dibna Turkiga sidaasna Yurub, heshiis ganacsi xor ah ([[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|GAFTA]]) ayaa la dhammaystiray 1 January 2008, taasoo ka dhigtay 95% dhammaan alaabta Carabta kuwo canshuur la'aan ah oo caado ah. ===Gaadiidka=== Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, iyadoo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo [[Near East|Bariga Dhexe]] ay gebi ahaanba isku xiran yihiin dhanka hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareennada. Qayb kale oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda waa [[Nile Valley|Dooxada Niil]], oo ka kooban [[Egypt|Masar]] iyo [[Sudan|Suudaan]]. Labadan waddan ee xubnaha ka ah waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan nidaamka navigation-ka ee Webiga Niil si loo hagaajiyo helitaanka sidaas kalena loo dhiirrigeliyo ganacsiga. Nidaam cusub oo tareen ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfureed ee Masar ee [[Abu Simbel]] magaalada waqooyiga Suudaan ee [[Wadi Halfa]] ka dibna [[Khartoum]] iyo [[Port Sudan]]. Qaybta saddexaad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], halkaas oo dherer gaaraya 3,000 km oo tareen ah uu ka socdo magaalooyinka koonfureed ee [[Morocco]] ilaa [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] ee galbeedka [[Libya]]. Qaybta afraad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], oo ay xubnaheeda ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]. Labadan waddan ee Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kala soocaya oo keliya toban mayl oo badda ah Gacanka Carabta oo ay dhex marto [[Bab el Mandeb]], taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu beddelaysaa maadaama Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalka [[Osama bin Laden]], uu bilaabay dhismaha mashruuca hмиisada leh ee [[Bridge of the Horns]], kaas oo ujeeddadiisu tahay inuu ku xiro [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]] iyo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyada oo la marinayo buundo weyn. Mashruucu waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo isu-socodka qarniyada soo jireenka ah ee u dhexeeya labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee Jaamacadda waa jasiiradaha go'doomiyey ee [[Comoros]] ee ku yaal xeebta [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]], oo aan si jireed ugu xirnayn waddan kale oo Carabi ah, laakiin weli la ganacsada xubnaha kale ee Jaamacadda Carabta. ==Akhris-qoraalka == {{main|List of countries by literacy rate}} Ururinta xogta akhris-qoraalka, dalal badan ayaa qiyaasa tirada dadka wax akhriya oo qora iyagoo ku saleynaya xog ay soo sheegeen shaqsiyaadkooda. Qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan xogta heerka waxbarasho sidii tilmaame, laakiin cabbiraadaha soo-xairashada dugiska ama dhameystirka fasalka waa ay kala duwanaan karaan. Sababtoo ah qeexitaannada iyo hababka ururinta xogta waa ay ku kala duwan yihiin dalalka, qiyaasta akhris-qoraalka waa in si taxaddar leh loo isticmaalo. [[United Nations Development Programme]], [[Human Development Report]] 2010. Gobolka [[Persian Gulf|Khaliijka Carabta]] wuxuu yeeshay [[oil boom|barwaaqo shidaal]], taasoo sahlaysa in la dhiso dugsiyo iyo jaamacado badan. {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Heerka [[Literacy|akhris-qoraalka]] (%) |- | 1 || {{flag|Qatar}} || 97.3<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|date=2007-06-13|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Literacy|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html|access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> |- | 2 || {{flag|Palestine}} || 96.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 3 || {{flag|Kuwait}} || 96.3<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 4 || {{flag|Bahrain}} || 95.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 5 || {{flag|Jordan}} || 95.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 6 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 94.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 7 || {{flag|Lebanon}} || 93.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 8 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 93.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 9 || {{flag|Oman}} || 91.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 10 || {{flag|Libya}} || 91<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 11 || {{flag|Syria}} || 86.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 12 || {{flag|Iraq}} || 85.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 13 || {{flag|Tunisia}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 14 || {{flag|Comoros}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 15 || {{flag|Algeria}} || 80.2<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 16 || {{flag|Sudan}} || 75.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 17 || {{flag|Egypt}} || 73.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 18 || {{flag|Yemen}} || 70.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 19 || {{flag|Djibouti}} || 70.0<ref name="Pcaotw">{{cite book|last=DK Publishing|title=Compact Atlas of the World|date=2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0756698591|page=138|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC|access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> |- | 20 || {{flag|Morocco}} || 68.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 21 || {{flag|Mauritania}} || 52.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 22 || {{flag|Somalia}} || 44–72<ref>{{cite web|title=Family Ties: Remittances and Livelihoods Support in Puntland and Somaliland|url=http://www.fsnau.org/downloads/Remittances-and-Livelihoods-Support-in-Puntland-and-Somaliland.pdf#6|publisher=FSNAU|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> |- |} ==Dadweynaha== {{main|Demographics of the Arab world}} Halka [[Arabs|Carabtu]] ay ka yihiin inta badan dadka ku nool Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo [[Egyptians|Masriyiinta]] ay ka dhiganyihiin dadweynaha ugu badan ee kooxdan gudaheeda ah, haddana gobolku wuxuu kaloo hoy u yahay kooxo kale oo qowmiyaddu gooni u ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Berbers|Berber-ka]], [[Kurds|Kurdida]], [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrianka]], [[Armenians|Armiinika]], [[Nubians|Nubiyaanka]], [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]], iyo [[Circassians|Cherkes-ka]]. Koox kasta oo ka mid ah kooxahan waxay leedahay dhaqan, luqad, iyo caadooyin u gaar ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1 Luulyo 2013, ku dhowaad 359 milyan oo qof ayaa ku nool dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. Tirada dadkeedu waxay si dhaqso leh uga koraysaa inta badan gobollada kale ee caalamka. Waddanka xubinta ka ah ee dadkiisu badanyahay waa [[Egypt|Masar]], oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100 milyan oo qof.<ref name="Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics">{{cite web |title=Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> Kan ugu yar dadweyne ahaan waa [[Comoros]], oo leh qiyaastii 850,000 oo qof. {| style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;" class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Tirada Dadka !! Cufnaanta (/km<sup>2</sup>) !! Cufnaanta (sq mi) !! Xusuusin |- | 1 || align=left|{{flag|Egypt}} || 109,450,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 109450000 / 1001449 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 2 || align=left|{{flag|Sudan}} || 50,418,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 50418000 / 1886068 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 3 || align=left|{{flag|Algeria}} || 47,251,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 47251000 / 2381741 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 4 || align=left|{{flag|Iraq}} || 45,521,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 45521000 / 446550 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 5 || align=left|{{flag|Yemen}} || 41,774,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 41774000 / 527968 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 6 || align=left|{{flag|Morocco}} || 37,712,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 37712000 / 438317 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 7 || align=left|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 36,006,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 36006000 / 2149690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 8 || align=left|{{flag|Syria}} || 21,393,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 21393000 / 185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2010<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 9 || align=left|{{flag|Somalia}} || 16,963,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 16963000 / 637657 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 10 || align=left|{{flag|Tunisia}} || 12,432,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 12432000 / 163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 11 || align=left|{{flag|Jordan}} || 11,442,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11442000 / 89342 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 12 || align=left|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 11,083,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11083000 / 83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 13 || align=left|{{flag|Libya}} || 6,982,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 6982000 / 1789540 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 14 || align=left|{{flag|Oman}} || 5,502,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5502000 / 309500 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 15 || align=left|{{flag|Palestine}} || 5,477,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5477000 / 6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2023<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 16 || align=left|{{flag|Lebanon}} || 5,354,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5354000 / 10452 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2024<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 17 || align=left|{{flag|Kuwait}} || 5,112,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5112000 / 17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 18 || align=left|{{flag|Mauritania}} || 4,629,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 4629000 / 1025520 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 19 || align=left|{{flag|Qatar}} || 3,109,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 3109000 / 11000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 20 || align=left|{{flag|Bahrain}} || 1,657,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1657000 / 750 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 21 || align=left|{{flag|Djibouti}} || 1,056,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1056000 / 23200 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 22 || align=left|{{flag|Comoros}} || 910,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 910000 / 2235 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- |- class="sortbottom" | '''Wadarta''' || align=left|{{flag|Arab League}} || ''' 481,233,000 ''' || '''{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}''' || '''{{convert|{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}|/km2|/sqmi|1|disp=output number only}}''' | align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |} ===Diinta=== Inta badan muwaadiniinta Jaamacadda Carabta waxay raacaan diinta [[Islam|Islaamka]], iyadoo [[Christianity|Masiixiyaddu]] ay tahay diinta labaad ee ugu weyn. Ugu yaraan 15 milyan oo Masiixiyiin ah ayaa wadajir ugu nool [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]], [[Palestine|Falastiin]], [[Sudan|Suudaan]] iyo [[Syria|Suuriya]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira tirooyin yar laakiin muhiim ah oo ka tirsan [[Druze|Durzi]], [[Yazidis|Yasiidiyiin]], [[Shabak people|Shabak]] iyo [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]]. Tirada [[Arabs|Carabta]] aan diinta haysta (aan diin lahayn) guud ahaan la heli maayo, laakiin cilmi-baarista ay samaysay [[Pew Forum]] waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ku dhowaad 1% dadka ku nool gobolka [[MENA]] ay yihiin kuwa aan diin lahayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/04/04/global-religious-diversity/|title=Religious Diversity Around The World|date=4 April 2014|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=9 September 2014}}</ref> ===Luqadaha=== Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabiga Suugaanta ah]], oo ku salaysan [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Hore]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalal dhowr ah oo xubno ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leeyihiin luqado kale oo la siman ama qaran ah, sida [[Somali language|Soomaaliga]], [[Afar language|Cafaariga]], [[Comorian language|Komoriga]], [[French language|Faransiiska]], [[English language|Ingiriiska]], [[Berber languages|Berber]] iyo [[Kurdish languages|Kurdiga]]. Waddamada badankoodu, waxaa jira af afka ah oo aan [[codification (linguistics)|rasmi ahayn]] oo ah [[varieties of Arabic|lahjadaha Carabiga ee la hadlo]]. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cayaaraha=== {{Main|Sport policies of the Arab League}} [[Pan-Arab Games|Cayaaraha Pan-Arab]] waxaa loo arkaa xafladda cayaareed ee ugu weyn Carabta, taas oo isu keenta ciyaartooy ka kala socota dhammaan dalalka Carabta si ay uga qaybqaataan cayaaro kala duwan oo kala duwan. [[Union of Arab Football Associations]] waxay soo qabanqaabisaa [[Arab Cup|Koobka Carabta]] (ee kooxaha qaran) iyo [[Arab Club Champions Cup|Koobka Horyaallada Kooxaha Carabta]] (ee naadiyada). Xiriirrada cayaaraha Carabta ayaa sidoo kale u jira cayaaro dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[basketball|kubadda koleyga]], [[volleyball|kubadda laliska]], [[team handball|gacanta]], [[table tennis|teniska miiska]], [[tennis|teniska]], [[Squash (sport)|skwoash]] iyo [[swimming (sport)|dabbaasha]]. ==Xusuusin== {{notelist}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|30em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Wikisource|Arab League Pact}} {{Commons}} * {{in lang|ar}} [http://www.lasportal.org/ League of Arab States] (goobta rasmiga ah). * {{in lang|en}} [http://arableague-us.org/wp/ League of Arab States Office] in Washington D.C. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041016021558/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league.htm The League of Arab States] at [[Al-Bab.com]] * [http://www.cfr.org/middle-east/arab-league/p25967 The Arab League] at [[Council on Foreign Relations]] * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/1550797.stm Profile: Arab League], ''[[BBC News]]'', updated 9 August 2011 {{Arab League |expanded}} {{Regional organizations}} {{Countries and languages lists}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab League}} [[Category:Arab League| ]] [[Category:Pan-Arabist organizations|League]] [[Category:International organizations based in Africa]] [[Category:International organizations based in Asia]] [[Category:International organizations based in the Middle East]] [[Category:Supranational unions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Africa]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Asia]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cairo]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1945]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Egypt]] [[Category:1940s in Islam]] [[Category:Language-based intergovernmental organizations]] [[Category:International political organizations]] [[Category:Pan-Arab organizations]] [[Category:Politics of the Arab world]] hhpeotskf9kbugu1r4wibh6qok0cqjl 306335 306322 2026-08-31T11:50:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-semi|small=yes}} {{Infobox geopolitical organisation | conventional_long_name = Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta | native_name = {{unbulleted list|جامعة الدول العربية ([[Carabi]])<br />{{transliteration|engvar=gb|ar|Jāmiʿat ad-Duwal al-ʿArabiyya}}}} | linking_name = Jaamacadda Carabta | image_flag = Flag of the Arab League.svg | image_map = Member states of the Arab League (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah oo ku cagaaran madow | symbol_type = [[Calaamada Jaamacadda Carabta|Calaamad]] | image_symbol = Emblem of the Arab League.svg | admin_center = [[Qaahira]]{{efn|Laga soo bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1990, [[Tunis]].}} | admin_center_type = Xarunta | membership_type = [[Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta|Xubnaha]] | membership = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |{{flag|Algeria}} |{{flag|Bahrain}} |{{flag|Comoros}} |{{flag|Djibouti}} |{{flag|Egypt}} |{{flag|Iraq}} |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{flag|Kuwait}} |{{flag|Lebanon}} |{{flag|Libya}} |{{flag|Mauritania}} |{{flag|Morocco}} |{{flag|Oman}} |{{flag|Palestine}} |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |{{flag|Somalia}} |{{flag|Sudan}} |{{flag|Syria}} |{{flag|Tunisia}} |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |{{flag|Yemen}} }} | official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabi]] | org_type = [[Regional organization|Urur goboleed]] | leader_title1 = [[Secretary General of the Arab League|Xoghayaha Guud]] | leader_name1 = [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit]] | leader_title2 = [[Speaker of the Arab Parliament|Gdoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Al-Yamahi]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Arab Parliament Speaker Welcomes UK Plan to Recognize Palestinian State | url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5170971-arab-parliament-speaker-welcomes-uk-plan-recognize-palestinian-state }}</ref> | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | established_event1 = [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] | established_date1 = 22 Maarso 1945 | established_event2 = [[Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] | established_date2 = 18 Juun 1950 | established_event3 = [[Heshiiskii Casablanca]] | established_date3 = 11 Sebtembar 1965 | established_event4 = [[Politics of the Arab League|Heshiiska Iskaashiga Garsoorka]] | established_date4 = 6 Abriil 1983 | established_event5 = [[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|Aagga Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Weyn]] | established_date5 = 2 Janaayo 2005 | area_label = Baaxadda guud | area_km2 = 13132327 | area_sq_mi = 5070420 | area_rank = Ka 2-aad | area_label2 = | area_data2 = | population_estimate = 481,233,000<ref name="IMFAPR2025">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=612,419,632,611,469,433,439,443,446,672,682,686,449,453,456,726,732,463,744,466,487,474,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LP,&sy=2010&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=IMF |access-date=11 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = Ka 3-aad | population_density_km2 = 36.64 | population_density_sq_mi = 94.91 | GDP_PPP = $9.423 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,581<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal = $3.546 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,369<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = Ka 7-aad | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | currency = {{ubl | {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Dinaarka Aljeeriya]] | {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Dinaarka Baxrayn]] | {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Farankada Comoros]] | {{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Farankada Jabuuti]] | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Paundiga Masar]] | {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Dinaarka Ciraaq]] | {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Dinaarka Urdun]] | {{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Dinaarka Kuwayt]] | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Paundiga Lubnaan]] | {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Dinaarka Liibiya]] | {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Ouguiyada Mauritania]] | {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Dirhamka Marooko]] | {{flagicon|Oman}} [[Riyaalka Cumaan]] | {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Riyaalka Qatar]] | {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyaalka Sacuudiga]] | {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Shilingiga Soomaaliga]] | {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Paundiga Suudaan]] | {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Paundiga Suuriya]] | {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Dinaarka Tuniisiya]] | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dirhamka Imaaraadka|Dirhamka Isutaga Imaaraadka Carabta]] | {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Riyaalka Yemen]]}} | time_zone = | utc_offset = +0 ilaa +4 | official_website = {{URL|http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/|leagueofarabstates.org}} }} '''Jaamacadda Carabta''' ({{langx|ar|: الجامعة العربية}}), oo si rasmi ah loo yiraahdo '''Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta''' (جامعة الدول العربية), waa [[regional organization|urur goboleed]] ka tirsan [[Arab world|Dunida Carabta]]. Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa lagu aasaasay [[Qaahira]] taariikhdu markay ahayd 22 Maarso 1945, iyadoo ay ku midoobeen bilowgii toddobo xubnood: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Emirate of Transjordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[First Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], iyo [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen Waqooyi]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arab League|encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia|year=2013}}</ref> Hadda, Jaamaddu waxay leedahay [[member states of the Arab League|22 xubnood]], oo ay ku jiraan saddex waddan oo aan Carabi ahayn, waana [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]] iyo [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blair |first=Iain |last2=Grivna |first2=Michal |last3=Sharif |first3=Amer Ahmad |date=2014 |title=The "Arab World" is Not a Useful Concept When Addressing Challenges to Public Health, Public Health Education, and Research in the Middle East |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3988371/ |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=2 |pages=30 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00030 |doi-access=free|issn=2296-2565 |pmc=3988371 |pmid=24783189}}</ref> Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda ayaa ah "in ay sii dhoweyso xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyo in ay iskudduwo iskaashiga dhexmoodle, si loo ilaaliyo madaxbannaanidooda iyo qaranimadooda, hamigoodana loo eego si guud arrimaha iyo danaha dalalka Carabta".<ref name="yale">{{cite web|title=Pact of the League of Arab States, 22 March 1945|work=[[The Avalon Project]] |publisher=[[Yale Law School]]|year=1998|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/arableag.asp |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Ururku wuxuu taariikhdiisa oo dhan helay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=Barnett|first1=Michael|chapter=Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League|date=2007|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/crafting-cooperation/designed-to-fail-or-failure-of-design-the-origins-and-legacy-of-the-arab-league/5D266BBD41931A1E5D9CBE2266DABEBD|title=Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective|pages=180–220|editor-last=Johnston|editor-first=Alastair Iain|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511491436.006|isbn=978-0-521-69942-6|last2=Solingen|first2=Etel|editor2-last=Acharya|editor2-first=Amitav|access-date=22 December 2021|url-status=live|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hay'adaha ay leedahay, gaar ahaan [[Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization]] (ALECSO) iyo Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada ee [[Council of Arab Economic Unity]] (CAEU), Jaamacaddu waxay fududaysaa barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqaale, dhaqan, saynis, iyo bulsho ee loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo danaha Dunida Carabta.<ref>Ashish K. Vaidya, ''Globalization'' (ABC-CLIO: 2006), p. 525.</ref> Waxay u adeegtay sidii madal ay dalalka xubnaha ka ahi ugu duugi lahaayeen siyaasadda, ugu diyaarin lahaayeen daraasado iyo guddiyo la xiriira arrimaha wadajirka ah, ugu xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dowladaha, isla markaana ay ugu xaddidi lahaayeen dhibaatooyinka sida [[1958 Lebanon crisis|dhibaatadii Lubnaan ee 1958]]. Jaamacaddu waxay kaloo ahayd madal lagu qabyo-tiray oo lagu soo gabagabeeyey dukumiintiyo badan oo taariikhi ah oo dhiirrigelinaya is-dhexgalka dhaqaale. Hal tusaale waa [[Joint Arab Economic Action Charter]], oo qeexaysa mabaadi'da hawlaha dhaqaale ee gobolka. Waddan kasta oo xubin ka ahi wuxuu leeyahay hal cod oo ku dhex leh [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]], go'aanna waxaa ku waajib ah oo keliya kuwa u codeeyay. Ujeeddadii jaamacadda ee 1945 waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo oo la isku xir-xiro barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqan, dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee xubnaheeda isla markaana la dhex-dhexaadiyo khilaafaadka dhexmoodle ama kuwa iyaga iyo dhinacyada saddexaad u dhexeeya. Intaa waxaa dheer, saxiixida heshiis ku saabsan ''Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha'' 13 Abriil 1950 wuxuu ku waajibiyay saxiixayaasha inay isku duwaan tallaabooyinka difaaca milatari. Bishii Maarso 2015, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in la dhisay Ciidan Wadajir ah oo Carabi ah oo ujeedadoodu tahay in lagaga hortago xagjirnimada iyo khataraha kale ee soo wajahan Dowladaha Carabta. Go'aankaas waxaa la gaaray xilli [[Operation Decisive Storm]] ay ka sii dareysay Yemen. Ka-qaybgalka mashruucan waa mid ikhtiyaari ah, ciidankuna waxay soo farageliyaan oo keliya marka uu codsado mid ka mid ah dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Iskaashiga milatari ee horay u jiray ee u dhexeeyay dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta, dagaallada sokeeye ee gobolka, iyo khataraha argagixiso waxay ahaayeen kuwa dhaliyay dhismaha JAF.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fanack|title=The Joint Arab Force – Will It Ever Work?|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/league-arab-states/the-joint-arab-force-will-it-ever-work/|website=Fanack.com|access-date=13 July 2015}}</ref> Horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Golaha Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu soo jeediyay soo-jeedin ah in la abuuro [[Politics of the Arab League|Golayaasha Ganacsiga Wadajirka ah ee Carabta]] ee dalalka caalamiga ah dhexdiisa. Taasina waxay horseedday in la dejiyo waajibaadyo lagu dhiirrigelinayo, lagu taageerayo, loona fududeynayo ganacsiga labada dhinac ah ee u dhexeeya Dunida Carabta iyo la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga muhiimka ah. ==Taariikh== Ka dib markii la ansixiyay [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] sanadkii 1944, Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa la aas-aasay 22 Maarso 1945.<ref name="History">[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed Arab League formed – History.com This Day in History – 3/22/1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116041827/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed |date=16 November 2018 }}.</ref> Xarunta rasmiga ah ee Jaamacaddu waxay ahayd Qasriga Boustan ee Qaahira.<ref name= Baqai>{{cite journal|author=I. H. Baqai|title=The Pan-Arab League|journal=India Quarterly|date=May 1946|volume=2|issue=2|pages=144–150|jstor=45067282|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45067282|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> Waxay u jeedday in ay noqoto urur goboleed ay leeyihiin dalalka Carabta oo diiradda saaraya horumarinta dhaqaalaha, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo isku-dubaridka ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed.<ref name= Baqai/> Waddamo kale ayaa gadaal ka soo biiray jaamacadda.<ref>[http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm HowStuffWorks "Arab League"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815225240/http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm |date=15 August 2011 }} History.howstuffworks.com (27 February 2008). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.</ref> Waddan kasta waxaa la siiyay hal cod oo golaha dhexdiisa ah. Tallaabadii ugu weyneyd ee ugu horreysay waxay ahayd faragelin wadajir ah si looga hortago in Falastiin loo qaybiyo laba dal iyadoo la raacayo go'aankii Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Markii Urdun ay ogolaatay soo jeedintan, Masar waxay soo faragelisay si ay uga hortagto in taasi dhacdo.<ref>Avi Shlaim, ''Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine''. Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 1988; Uri Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London, Frank Cass, 1987; Joseph Nevo, King Abdullah and Palestine: A Territorial Ambition (London: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.</ref> Waxaa ku xigtay abuuritaanka heshiis difaaca wadajirka ah laba sano ka dib. Suuqa guud waxaa la dhisay 1965.<ref>Robert W. MacDonald, ''The League of Arab States: A Study in Regional Organization''. Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Princeton University Press, 1965.</ref> [[File:Arab League of states establishment - Egypt 22-3-1945.jpg|thumb|Shaambada xusuusta aasaaska Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta - Masar 22-3-1945. Muujineysa calammada 8-da waddan ee aas-aasayaasha ah: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Saudi Arabia|Boqortooyada Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]], [[Second Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]] iyo [[Palestine|Falastiin]]]] Sida uu qabo [[Michael N. Barnett|Michael Barnett]] iyo [[Etel Solingen]], Jaamacadda Carabta "waxay gaartay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah" taariikhdeeda oo dhan. Waxay sheegeen in qaab-dhismeedka Jaamacadda Carabta uu ka tarjumayo welwelka shakhsi ahaaneed ee hoggaamiyeyaasha Carabta ee ku aaddan badbaadada taliskooda: "si siyaasadeed waddaniyadda Carabta iyo aqoonsiga la wadaago waxay ku kellifeen dalalka Carabta inay qaataan hadallada midnimada Carabta si ay u sharciyeeyaan talisyadooda, isla markaana ay uga cabsadaan midnimada Carabta ficil ahaan sababtoo ah waxay ku soo rogi lahayd xannibaadyo ka waaweyn madaxbannaanidooda."<ref name=":0"/> Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa "si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay ku guuldarraysato soo saarista nooca iskaashiga iyo is-dhexgalka weyn ee daciifin lahaa hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadeed ee dalka gudihiisa."<ref name=":0"/> ==Juqraafi== {{main|Geography of the Arab world}} [[File:Arab League members colored by joining date.svg|thumb|right|Taariikhaha ay ku biireen dalalka xubnaha ka ah; Comoros (oo wareeg ku jirta) waxay ku biirtay 1993.<br />{{Color box|#f4eed7|border=darkgray}} 1940-meeyadii {{Color box|#decd87|border=darkgray}} 1950-meeyadii {{Color box|#c8ab37|border=darkgray}} 1960-meeyadii {{Color box|#786721|border=darkgray}} 1970-meeyadii]] Dalalka xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan {{convert|13000000|sqkm|abbr=on}} waxayna ku fidsan yihiin laba qaaradood: [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]. Gobolku inta badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay lama degaan abaaran, sida [[Saxaraha Weyn]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu kaloo ka kooban yahay dhulal aad u bacrin ah sida [[Dooxada Niil]], [[Dooxada Jubba]] iyo [[Dooxada Shabeelle]] ee ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], [[Buuraha Atlas]] ee ku yaal [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], iyo [[Fertile Crescent|Bilaha Bacrin ah]] ee ku fidsan [[Mesopotamia]] iyo [[Levant]]. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay keymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer adduunka, [[Niil]]. ==Xubinnimo== {{main|Member states of the Arab League}} [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Heshiiskii Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta, waa heshiiskii aas-aasiga ahaa ee Jaamacadda Carabta. La ansixiyay 1945, wuxuu dhigayaa in "Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta ay ka koobnaan doonaan Dowladaha Carabta ee madaxbannaan ee saxiixay Axdigan."<ref name="yale"/> Sannadkii 1945, waxaa jiray toddobo xubnood,<ref name="Brittanica">{{Cite web |title=Arab League|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-League |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|date=26 May 2024 }}</ref> laakiin hadda Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan 10 waddan oo Afrikaan ah: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Algeria}} * {{flag|Bahrain}} * {{flag|Comoros}} * {{flag|Djibouti}} * {{flag|Egypt}} * {{flag|Iraq}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} * {{flag|Lebanon}} * {{flag|Libya}} * {{flag|Mauritania}} * {{flag|Morocco}} * {{flag|Oman}} * {{flag|Palestine}} * {{flag|Qatar}} * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} * {{flag|Somalia}} * {{flag|Sudan}} * {{flag|Syria}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} * {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} * {{flag|Yemen}} }} iyo 7 waddan oo kormeerayaal ah (fiiro gaar ah: dalalka kormeerayaasha ah ee hoose waxaa lagu casuumay inay ka qaybgalaan fadhiyada gaarka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta laakiin ma laha xuquuq codayn): {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Armenia}}<ref name="Armenia">{{cite web| title = Armenia invited as observer for Arab League| publisher = Azad Hye| date = 19 January 2005| url = http://azad-hye.blogspot.ca/2005/01/observer-status-for-armenia-in-arab.html| access-date = 20 May 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name="Brazil">{{cite web| title = Brazil must be a facilitator in the Middle East, says VP| date = 14 August 2019| publisher = Brazil-Arab News Agency| url = https://anba.com.br/en/brazil-must-be-a-facilitator-in-the-middle-east-says-vp| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="Chad">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/4/29/chad-to-join-arab-league-as-observer|title=Chad to join Arab League as observer|date=29 April 2005|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Eritrea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/25874/nile-dam-still-raging-despite-global-pause-for-covid-19/|title=Nile dam still raging, despite global pause for COVID-19|website=The Africa Report|date=8 April 2020|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Greece}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2021/07/12/greece-observer-arab-league/|title=Greece to become observer member of the Arab League|website=www.greekcitytimes.com|date=12 July 2021 |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> * {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/india-and-the-arab-league-walking-the-trade-talk/|title=India and the Arab League: Walking the Trade Talk|website=thediplomat.com|date=21 December 2014|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Venezuela}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/30/world/meast/arab-league-fast-facts/index.html|title=Arab League Fast Facts|website=CNN|date=30 July 2013|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> }} === Hakinta xubinnimada === [[Egypt|Masar]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda Jaamacadda Carabta 26 Maarso 1979 sabab la xiriirta [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|Heshiiskii nabadda ee Masar iyo Israa'iil]], iyadoo xarunta Jaamacaddu ay ka soo guurtay Qaahira oo ay u aadday [[Tunis]], Tuniisiya. Sannadkii 1987, dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay dib u soo celiyeen xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ee ay la lahaayeen Masar, dalkuna wuxuu dib ugu biiray Jaamacadda bishii May 1989, xarunta Jaamacaddana waxaa loo soo celiyay Qaahira bishii Sebtembar 1990.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2008 |title=Timeline: Arab League |publisher=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1550977.stm |access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref> [[Libya]] xubinnimadeeda waa la hakinay 22 Febraayo 2011, ka dib markii uu qarxay [[first Libyan civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Libyan kowaad]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4032530,00.html | title= Libya suspended from Arab League sessions | website= Ynetnews.com | date= 2011-02-22 | access-date= 2014-04-28}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u codeysay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Libya 27 Agoosto 2011 iyadoo aqoonsatay wakiil ka socda [[National Transitional Council|Golaha Kala-guurka Qaranka]], oo ahaa dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee dalkaas qayb ahaan aqoonsiga haysatay.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rttnews.com/Content/GeneralNews.aspx?Id=1700187&SM=1 |work= RTT News |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=25 August 2011 |title=Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council}}</ref> [[Syria|Suuriya]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda 16 Nofeembar 2011 ka dib markii uu qarxay [[Syrian civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Suuriya]]. 6 Maarso 2013, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay kursigii Suuriya ee Jaamacadda siisay [[Syrian National Coalition|Isbahaysiga Qaran ee Suuriya]], oo ahaa kooxda mucaaradka ah ee ugu weyn [[Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad|mucaaradka Suuriya]].<ref name="syriannationalcoalition">{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/26/syrian-opposition-appeals-nato-support|title= Syrian opposition takes Arab League seat|first= Ian|last= Black|work= The Guardian|date= 26 March 2013|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> 9 Maarso 2014, xoghayaha guud [[Nabil Elaraby]] wuxuu sheegay in kursiga Suuriya uu ahaan doono mid banneyn ilaa inta mucaaradku ka dhammaystiranayaan dhismaha hay'adahooda.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-09/249749-syria-opposition-not-yet-ready-for-arab-league-seat.ashx|title= Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'|work= The Daily Star Newspaper|place= Lebanon|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> Sannadkii 2021, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday geeddi-socod caadi-yareyn ah oo u dhexeeya [[Ba'athist Syria|dowladda Ba'athist-ka Suuriya]] iyo waddamada kale ee Carabta.<ref>[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ "Saudi Arabia: Talks underway on Syria's return to Arab League"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315152236/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ |date=15 March 2023 }} ''middleeastmonitor''. Accessed 25 March 2023.</ref> 7 Maajo 2023, shirka [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]] ee ka dhacay Qaahira, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Suuriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/05/07/Arab-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-Syria-s-return-to-Arab-League-Sudan-conflict|title=Arab foreign ministers agree to readmit Syria to the Arab League|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=7 May 2023|access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> ==Siyaasadda iyo maamulka== {{main|Politics of the Arab League}} {{see also|Charter of the Arab League|Council of the Arab League|Arab Parliament|Foreign relations of the Arab League}} [[File:Arab Leage HQ 977.PNG|thumb|Xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta, [[Qaahira]].]] [[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb| {{legend|#cdcd9c|Aqoonsiga labada [[Israel|Israa'iil]] iyo Dawladda Falastiin}} {{legend|#FF4500|Aqoonsiga Dawladda Falastiin keliya}}]] Jaamacadda Carabta waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu caawiyo is-dhexgalka dhaqaale ee xubnaheeda, iyo in uu xalliyo khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyadoon la weydiisan gargaar dibadda ah. Waxay leedahay qaybo ka mid ah baarlamaan metela dawladaha halka arrimaha dibaddana inta badan lagu maamulo kormeerka Qaramada Midoobay hoosteeda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D36214%26URL_DO%3DDO_PRINTPAGE%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html|title=The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALESCO)|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]] wuxuu ansixiyay mabda'a [[Pan-Arabism|qaran-qaranimada Carabta]] iyadoo la ixtiraamayo [[sovereignty|madaxbannaanida]] dalalka xubnaha shakhsi ahaaneed. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda iyo guddiyada waxaa lagu heshiiyay Oktoobar 1951. Kuwa Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku saleysnaa laba-jibaarka hay'adaha sare ee gobolka iyo madaxbannaanida dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta qaranimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay xooggeeda ka soo qaadaneysaa dookha dabiiciga ah ee eliska taliska si ay u ilaashadaan awooddooda iyo madaxbannaanidooda go'aan-qaadasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Arab Cold War|mucaaradka u dhexeeya madaxda Carabta]], iyo saameynta awoodaha dibadda ee ka soo horjeesan kara midnimada Carabta waxaa loo arki karaa caqabado hortaagan is-dhexgal qoto dheer oo jaamacadda ah. Iyagoo maanka ku haya ku dhawaaqidoodii hore ee ay ku taageerayeen [[Arabs|Carabta]] [[Palestine|Falastiin]], aasaasayaashii Axdiga waxay go'aansadeen inay ku daraan gudaha Jaamacadda tan iyo bilowgii.<ref name=geddes>Geddes, 1991, p. 208.</ref> Taasi waxaa lagu sameeyay lifaaq caddaynaya:<ref name="yale"/> {{cquote|In kasta oo Falastiin aysan awood u lahayn in ay maamusho qaddarkeeda, haddana waxay ahayd saldhigga aqoonsiga madaxbannaanideeda in Axdiga Golaha Qarammada Midoobay uu u go'aamiyay nidaam dowladeed iyada. Sida darteed, jiritaankeeda iyo madaxbannaanideeda ka dhexaysa quruumaha lagama su'aali karo ''de jure'' in ka badan madaxbannaanida mid ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Carabta. [...] Sida darteed, Dowladaha saxiixay Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qabaan in marka la eego xaaladaha gaarka ah ee Falastiin, Golaha Jaamacadda uu u magacaabo wakiil Carabi ah oo ka socda Falastiin si uu uga qaybqaato shaqadeeda ilaa dalkan uu ka helayo madaxbannaanida dhabta ah}} Bishii Sebtembar 1963, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u magacowday [[Ahmad Shukeiri]] Wakiilka Falastiin ee Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Har-El |first=Shai |title=China and the Palestinian Organizations: 1964–1971 |date=2024 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3-031-57827-4}}</ref> Shir-madaxeedkii Qaahira ee 1964, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday abuuritaanka urur metela dadka Falastiin. [[Palestinian National Council|Golaha Qaranka ee Falastiin]] ee ugu horreeyay wuxuu ku shiray [[East Jerusalem|Quddusbari]] 29 May 1964. [[Palestine Liberation Organization|Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin]] waxaa la aas-aasay intii uu socday shirkan 2 Juun 1964. Falastiin waxaa si dhakhso ah loogu aqbalay Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo ay matalayso PLO. Maanta, [[State of Palestine|Dawladda Falastiin]] waa xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta. Shir-madaxeedkii [[Beirut Summit|Beeruut]] ee 28 Maarso 2002, jaamacaddu waxay ansixisay [[Arab Peace Initiative|Hindisaha Nabadda ee Carabta]], oo ah qorshe nabadeed oo uu dhiirrigeliyay Sacuudigu oo ku aaddan [[Arab–Israeli conflict|khilaafka Carabta iyo Israa'iil]]. Hindisuhu wuxuu soo bandhigay caadi-yareyn buuxda oo ku saabsan xiriirka [[Israel|Israa'iil]]. Taas beddelkeedana, Israa'iil waxaa laga rabaa inay ka baxdo dhammaan [[Israeli-occupied territories|dhulka la haysto]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Golan Heights]], inay aqoonsato madaxbannaanida Falastiin ee [[West Bank|Daanta Galbeed]] iyo [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda, iyo sidoo kale "xal caddaalad ah" oo loo helo [[Palestinian refugees|qaxootiga Falastiin]]. Hindisaha Nabadda waxaa dib loogu taageeray 2007 Shir-madaxeedkii Riyadh. Bishii Luulyo 2007, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u dirtay ergo ka koobnayd wasiirrada arrimaha dibadda ee [[Jordan|Urdun]] iyo [[Egypt|Masar]] oo tagtay Israa'iil si ay u dhiirrigeliyaan hindisaha. Ka dib tallaabadii [[Venezuela]] ay ku cayrisay diblomaasiyiinta Israa'iil intii uu socday [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict|dagaalkii Gaza ee 2008-2009]], xildhibaanka Kuwayt [[Waleed Al-Tabtabaie]] wuxuu soo jeediyay in xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta loo raro [[Caracas, Venezuela|Caracas]], [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-13536--12-12--.html|title=Kuwaiti MP calls to move Arab league to Venezuela|access-date=16 January 2009|date=15 January 2009|work=AFP, via CaribbeanNetNews}}</ref> 13 Juun 2010, Amr Mohammed Moussa, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta, wuxuu booqday [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], taas oo ahayd booqashadii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta tan iyo markii Hamas ay la wareegtay gacan-ku-haynta hubaysan 2007. Jaamacadda Carabta waa xubin ka tirsan [[China-Arab States Cooperation Forum]] (CASCF), oo la aas-aasay 2004. CASCF waa ka-qaybgalkii ugu horreeyay ee Jaamacadda Carabta ee madal iskaashi oo ay la leedahay waddan ama gobol kale.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=58}}</ref> CASCF waa hab-maamuleedka isku-dubaridka dhinacyada badan ee u dhexeeya dalalka Carabta iyo Shiinaha, waxaana gudaha CASCF Jaamacadda Carabta ay ku matashaa dalalkeeda xubnaha ka ah sidii xoog isku midaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=57}}</ref> Isku-dubaridka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u oggolaaneysaa dalalka Carabta inay si firfircoon ula xaajoodaan mashaariicda wadajirka ah ee ay ku jiraan dhowr waddan, sida mashaariicda tareennada, mashaariicda tamarta nukliyeerka, iyo hindisayaasha Badda Dhimatay.<ref name=":1" /> Sannadkii 2015, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|faragelinta milatari ee uu hoggaaminayo Sacuudiga ee Yemen]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Zaidiyyah|Xuutiyiinta Shiicada ah]] iyo ciidamada daacadda u ah Madaxweynihii hore [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]], oo xukunka looga tuuray [[Yemeni Revolution|kacaankii 2011]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-joint-arab-military-force-20150329-story.html|agency=Los Angeles Times|title=Arab League's joint military force is a 'defining moment' for region|date=29 March 2015|first1=Christina|last1=Boyle|first2=Zaid|last2=al-Alayaa|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> 15 Abriil 2018, iyaga oo uga jawaabaya [[Operation Olive Branch|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyiga Suuriya]] ee ujeeddadiisu ahayd in lagu ceyriyo [[People's Protection Units|Kurdida Suuriya]] ee ay taageerto Maraykanka magaalada [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]], Jaamacadda Carabta waxay meel marisay qaraar ugu baaqaya ciidamada Turkiga inay ka baxaan Afrin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey slams Arab League resolution on Afrin operation|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkey-slams-arab-league-resolution-on-afrin-operation-3329296|publisher=Yeni Safak|date=18 April 2018|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref> Bishii Sebtembar 2019, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay cambaaraysay qorshaha [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] ee ah inuu [[Annexation|la wareego]] qaybta bariga ee Daanta Galbeed ee la haysto ee loo yaqaanno [[Jordan Valley|Dooxada Urdun]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Arab nations condemn Netanyahu's Jordan Valley annexation plan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49657915 |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay ku kulantay Qaahira 12 Oktoober 2019 si ay uga wada hadlaan [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyi-bari Suuriya]]. Markii ay kulmeen, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay u codeeyeen inay cambaaraan duullaanka Turkiga, iyagoo ku tilmaamay labadaba 'duulaan' iyo 'gardarro' ka dhan ah waddan Carabi ah, waxayna ku dareen in ururku u arko mid xadgudub ku ah sharciga caalamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arableague-turkey-syria-idUSKBN1WR0C9|title=Turkey's Syria offensive an 'invasion': Arab League secretary general|date=2019-10-12|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> 9 Sebtembar 2020, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay diiday inay cambaarayso go'aanka [[United Arab Emirates|Imaaraadka Carabta]] ee ahaa inuu [[Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement|caadi ka dhigo xiriirka uu la leeyahay Israa'iil]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "ujeeddada ay dalalkeenna Carabta oo dhan raadinayaan, marka laga reebo midna, waa in la soo afjaro shaqaysiga lana aasaaso dawlad Falastiin oo madaxbannaan oo ku salaysan xuduudihii 1967 iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda," ayuu yiri [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit|Aboul Gheit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/arab-league-ministers-agree-condemn-uae-israel-deal-200909141524785.html|title=Arab League: Ministers agree not to condemn UAE-Israel deal|date=September 9, 2020|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> Janaayo 2024, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|dacwadda xasuuqa ee Koonfur Afrika ay u gudbisay Maxkamadda ICJ]] ee ka dhanka ah Israa'iil.<ref>{{cite news |title=Genocide case against Israel: Where does the rest of the world stand on the momentous allegations? |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515627.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=13 January 2024}}</ref> ==Liiska shir-madaxedyada== [[File:Arab League Summit Logo.png|right|thumb|Calaamada [[Arab League Summit 2013|Shir-madaxeedka Jaamacadda Carabta 2013]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|1]] || data-sort-value="1964-01-13" | 13–17 Janaayo 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Alexandria)|2]] || data-sort-value="1964-09-05" | 5–11 Sebtembar 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Iskandariya]] |- | [[1965 Arab League summit|3]] || data-sort-value="1965-09-13" | 13–17 Sebtembar 1965 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1967 Arab League summit|4]] || data-sort-value="1967-08-29" | 29 Agoosto 1967 || {{flag|Sudan|1956}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[1968 Arab League summit|5]] || data-sort-value="1969-12-21" | 21–23 Diseembar 1969 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1973 Arab League summit|6]] || data-sort-value="1973-11-26" | 26–28 Nofeembar 1973 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1974 Arab League summit|7]] || data-sort-value="1974-10-29" | 29 Oktoober 1974 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Cairo)|8]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-25" | 25–26 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Egypt|1972}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1978 Arab League summit|9]] || data-sort-value="1978-11-02" | 2–5 Nofeembar 1978 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1979 Arab League summit|10]] || data-sort-value="1979-11-20" | 20–22 Nofeembar 1979 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[1980 Arab League summit|11]] || data-sort-value="1980-11-21" | 21–22 Nofeembar 1980 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1982 Arab League summit|12]] || data-sort-value="1982-09-06" | 6–9 Sebtembar 1982 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Fez, Morocco|Fes]] |- | [[1985 Arab League summit|13]] || 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1987 Arab League summit|14]] || 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1988 Arab League summit|15]] || data-sort-value="1988" | Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1989 Arab League summit|16]] || 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1990 Arab League summit|17]] || 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1996 Arab League summit|18]] || 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[2001 Arab League summit|19]] || data-sort-value="2001-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2001 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[2002 Arab League summit|20]] || data-sort-value="2002-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2002 || {{flag|Lebanon}} ||[[Beirut]] |- | [[2003 Arab League summit|21]] || data-sort-value="2003-03-01" | 1 Maarso 2003 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] |- | [[2004 Arab League summit|22]] || data-sort-value="2004-05-22" | 22–23 Maajo 2004 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[2005 Arab League summit|23]] || data-sort-value="2005-03-22" | 22–23 Maarso 2005 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2006 Arab League summit|24]] || data-sort-value="2006-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2006 || {{flag|Sudan}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[2007 Arab League summit|25]] || data-sort-value="2007-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2007 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Riyadh]] |- | [[2008 Arab League summit|26]] || data-sort-value="2008-03-29" | 29–30 Maarso 2008 || {{flag|Ba'athist Syria|1980|name=Syria}}||[[Damascus]] |- | [[2009 Arab League summit|27]] || data-sort-value="2009-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2009 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]] |- | [[2010 Arab League summit|28]] || data-sort-value="2010-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2010 || {{flag|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|name=Libya}}||[[Sirte]] |- | [[2012 Arab League summit|29]] || data-sort-value="2012-03-27" | 27–29 Maarso 2012 || {{flag|Iraq}} ||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[2013 Arab League summit|30]] || data-sort-value="2013-03-21" | 21–27 Maarso 2013 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab League Summit 2013|url=http://qatarconferences.org/arableaguesummit2013/|access-date=2023-02-10|website=qatarconferences.org}}</ref> |- | [[2014 Arab League summit|31]] || data-sort-value="2014-03-25" | 25–26 Maarso 2014 || {{flag|Kuwait}} ||[[Kuwait City]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mater|first=Jassim|title=Summit hit by new rifts|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2014/3/23/arab-league-summit-hit-by-new-rifts|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2015 Arab League summit|32]] || data-sort-value="2015-03-28" | 28–29 Maarso 2015 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm El Sheikh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opposition fail to get Syria Arab League seat|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/3/27/opposition-fail-to-get-syria-arab-league-seat|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2016 Arab League summit|33]] || data-sort-value="2016-07-20" | 20 Luulyo 2016 || {{flag|Mauritania|1959}} ||[[Nouakchott]] |- | [[2017 Arab League summit|34]] || data-sort-value="2017-03-23" | 23–29 Maarso 2017 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/2016/11/02/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3.html|title=الأردن يستضيف القمة العربية في مارس|website=www.alarabiya.net|date=November 2016|access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> |- | [[2018 Arab League summit|35]] || data-sort-value="2018-04-15" | 15 Abriil 2018 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Dhahran]] |- | [[2019 Arab League summit|36]] || data-sort-value="2019-03-31" | 31 Maarso 2019 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/47928/Tunisia-to-host-next-Arab-summit|title=Tunisia to host next Arab summit|website=EgyptToday|date=15 April 2018|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> |- | [[2022 Arab League summit|37]] || data-sort-value="2022-11-01" | 1 Nofeembar 2022 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2023 Arab League summit|38]] || data-sort-value="2023-05-19" | 19 Maajo 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Jeddah]] |- | [[2024 Arab League summit|39]] || data-sort-value="2024-05-16" | 16 Maajo 2024 || {{flag|Bahrain}} ||[[Manama]] |- | [[2025 Arab League summit|40]] | data-sort-value="2025-05-17" | 17 Maajo 2025 | {{flag|Iraq}} | [[Baghdad]] |} ===Shir-madaxedyada degdegga ah=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1970 Arab League summit|1]] || data-sort-value="1970-09-21" | 21–27 Sebtembar 1970 || {{flag|United Arab Republic|1958}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)|2]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-17" | 17–28 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 3 || data-sort-value="1985-09-07" | 7–9 Sebtembar 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Casablanca]] |- | 4 || data-sort-value="1987-11-08" | 8–12 Nofeembar 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} || [[Amman]] |- | 5 || data-sort-value="1988-06-07" | 7–9 Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Algiers]] |- | 6 || data-sort-value="1989-06-23" | 23–26 Juun 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Casablanca]] |- | 7 || data-sort-value="1990-05-28" | 28–30 Maajo 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}} || [[Baghdad]] |- | 8 || data-sort-value="1990-08-09" | 9–10 Agoosto 1990 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 9 || data-sort-value="1996-06-22" | 22–23 Juun 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 10 || data-sort-value="2000-10-21" | 21–22 Oktoober 2000 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 11 || data-sort-value="2016-01-07" | 7 Janaayo 2016 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | [[2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit|12]] || data-sort-value="2023-11-11" | 11 Nofeembar 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 13 || data-sort-value="2025-03-04" | 4 Maarso 2025 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- |} {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Labada shir-madaxeed laguma darin nidaamka shir-madaxedyada Jaamacadda Carabta: ** [[Anshas]], Masar: 28–29 Maajo 1946. ** Beirut, Lubnaan: 13 – 15 Nofeembar 1958. * Shir-madaxeedkii 12aad ee Fes, Morocco, wuxuu dhacay laba marxaladood: ** 25 Nofeembar 1981: Kulankii 5-ta saacadood ahaa wuxuu ku dhammaaday adigoon wax heshiis ah laga gaarin dukumiintiga. ** 6–9 Sebtembar 1982. {{colend}} ==Milatari== {{Main|Military of the Arab League}} Golaha Difaaca Wadajirka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa mid ka mid ah [[Institutions of the Arab League|Hay'adaha Jaamacadda Carabta]].<ref name="ABC-CLIO">{{cite web|title=Arab-Israeli Wars: 60 Years of Conflict|url=http://www.historyandtheheadlines.abc-clio.com/ContentPages/ContentPage.aspx?entryId=1281297|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Waxaa la aas-aasay hoos imaanaya shuruudaha [[Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty|Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] ee 1950 si loo isku dubarido [[Collective security|difaaca wadajirka ah]] ee [[Member states of the Arab League|dalalka xubnaha ka ah]] Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Osmańczyk|first=Edmund Jan|author-link=Edmund Osmańczyk|chapter=League of Arab States|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Anthony|volume=2|edition=3|page=1290|place=New York|publisher=Routledge|year=2003}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta ahaan urur ahaan ma laha ciidan milatari, si la mid ah Qaramada Midoobay, laakiin shir-madaxeedkii 2007, hoggaamiyeyaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay dejiyaan siyaasadooda difaaca wadajirka ah ayna dhistaan ciidan nabad ilaalin ah oo la geeyo koonfurta Lubnaan, Darfur, Ciraaq, iyo meelaha kale ee kulul. Shir-madaxeedkii 2015 ee ka dhacay Masar, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ku heshiiyeen mabda' ahaan inay dhistaan ciidan milatari oo wadajir ah.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-arabs-communique-idUSL6N0WV03T20150329|title=Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2015|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> ==Khayraadka dhaqaalaha== {{Main|Economy of the Arab League}} {{See also|List of countries by GDP (PPP)|List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita}} Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qani ku tahay khayraadka, sida [[oil|shidaalka]] baaxadda leh iyo kheyraadka [[natural gas|gaaska dabiiciga ah]] ee ku jira dalal qaar oo xubno ka ah. Guulaha dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Jaamacaddu ee dhexmaray dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan sidaas u xoog badnayn marka loo eego kuwa ay gaareen ururada Carabta ee ka yar sida [[Gulf Cooperation Council|Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka]] (GCC).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN2041155720081120|title=Reuters.com|work=Reuters|date=20 November 2008|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Waxaa ka mid ah [[Arab Gas Pipeline|Dhuumaha Gaaska Carabta]], oo qaadi doona gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq oo la gayn doono Urdun, Suuriya, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo xagga dhaqaalaha ah oo u dhexeeya dalalka shidaalka leh ee horumaray ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[UAE]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]] iyo [[Yemen]]. [[File:OAPEC Members.png|thumb|right|Xubnaha [[OAPEC]]]] Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kaloo ku jira dhulal aad u bacrin ah oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Sudan]]. Waxaa loogu yeeraa dambiisha cuntada ee [[Arab World|Dunida Carabta]], iyadoo aanay xasillooni-darridda gobolka oo ay ku jirto madaxbannaanida [[South Sudan]] aysan saameyn ku yeelan warshadeeda [[tourism|dalxiiska]], taas oo loo arko warshadaha ugu koboca degdeg badan gobolka, iyadoo [[Egypt]], [[UAE]], [[Lebanon]], [[Tunisia]], iyo [[Jordan]] ay hormuud ka yihiin. Warshad kale oo si xawli ah uga kobeysa Jaamacadda Carabta waa isgaarsiinta. Guulaha dhaqaale ee dhexmaray xubnaha waxay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya taariikhda jaamacadda, ururada kale ee Carabta ee ka yar ayaa gaaray waxyaabo ka badan intii ay jaamacaddu gaartay, sida [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]], laakiin dhawaanahan dhowr mashruuc oo dhaqaale oo waaweyn oo ballanqaad leh ayaa la dhammaystirayaa, dhuumaha gaaska Carabta ayaa la filayaa inay dhammaadaan 2010, iyagoo ku xiraya Gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq Urdun, Suuriya iyo Lubnaan, ka dibna Turkiga sidaasna Yurub, heshiis ganacsi xor ah ([[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|GAFTA]]) ayaa la dhammaystiray 1 January 2008, taasoo ka dhigtay 95% dhammaan alaabta Carabta kuwo canshuur la'aan ah oo caado ah. ===Gaadiidka=== Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, iyadoo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo [[Near East|Bariga Dhexe]] ay gebi ahaanba isku xiran yihiin dhanka hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareennada. Qayb kale oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda waa [[Nile Valley|Dooxada Niil]], oo ka kooban [[Egypt|Masar]] iyo [[Sudan|Suudaan]]. Labadan waddan ee xubnaha ka ah waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan nidaamka navigation-ka ee Webiga Niil si loo hagaajiyo helitaanka sidaas kalena loo dhiirrigeliyo ganacsiga. Nidaam cusub oo tareen ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfureed ee Masar ee [[Abu Simbel]] magaalada waqooyiga Suudaan ee [[Wadi Halfa]] ka dibna [[Khartoum]] iyo [[Port Sudan]]. Qaybta saddexaad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], halkaas oo dherer gaaraya 3,000 km oo tareen ah uu ka socdo magaalooyinka koonfureed ee [[Morocco]] ilaa [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] ee galbeedka [[Libya]]. Qaybta afraad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], oo ay xubnaheeda ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]. Labadan waddan ee Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kala soocaya oo keliya toban mayl oo badda ah Gacanka Carabta oo ay dhex marto [[Bab el Mandeb]], taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu beddelaysaa maadaama Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalka [[Osama bin Laden]], uu bilaabay dhismaha mashruuca hмиisada leh ee [[Bridge of the Horns]], kaas oo ujeeddadiisu tahay inuu ku xiro [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]] iyo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyada oo la marinayo buundo weyn. Mashruucu waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo isu-socodka qarniyada soo jireenka ah ee u dhexeeya labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee Jaamacadda waa jasiiradaha go'doomiyey ee [[Comoros]] ee ku yaal xeebta [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]], oo aan si jireed ugu xirnayn waddan kale oo Carabi ah, laakiin weli la ganacsada xubnaha kale ee Jaamacadda Carabta. ==Akhris-qoraalka == {{main|List of countries by literacy rate}} Ururinta xogta akhris-qoraalka, dalal badan ayaa qiyaasa tirada dadka wax akhriya oo qora iyagoo ku saleynaya xog ay soo sheegeen shaqsiyaadkooda. Qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan xogta heerka waxbarasho sidii tilmaame, laakiin cabbiraadaha soo-xairashada dugiska ama dhameystirka fasalka waa ay kala duwanaan karaan. Sababtoo ah qeexitaannada iyo hababka ururinta xogta waa ay ku kala duwan yihiin dalalka, qiyaasta akhris-qoraalka waa in si taxaddar leh loo isticmaalo. [[United Nations Development Programme]], [[Human Development Report]] 2010. Gobolka [[Persian Gulf|Khaliijka Carabta]] wuxuu yeeshay [[oil boom|barwaaqo shidaal]], taasoo sahlaysa in la dhiso dugsiyo iyo jaamacado badan. {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Heerka [[Literacy|akhris-qoraalka]] (%) |- | 1 || {{flag|Qatar}} || 97.3<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|date=2007-06-13|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Literacy|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html|access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> |- | 2 || {{flag|Palestine}} || 96.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 3 || {{flag|Kuwait}} || 96.3<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 4 || {{flag|Bahrain}} || 95.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 5 || {{flag|Jordan}} || 95.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 6 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 94.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 7 || {{flag|Lebanon}} || 93.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 8 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 93.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 9 || {{flag|Oman}} || 91.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 10 || {{flag|Libya}} || 91<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 11 || {{flag|Syria}} || 86.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 12 || {{flag|Iraq}} || 85.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 13 || {{flag|Tunisia}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 14 || {{flag|Comoros}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 15 || {{flag|Algeria}} || 80.2<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 16 || {{flag|Sudan}} || 75.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 17 || {{flag|Egypt}} || 73.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 18 || {{flag|Yemen}} || 70.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 19 || {{flag|Djibouti}} || 70.0<ref name="Pcaotw">{{cite book|last=DK Publishing|title=Compact Atlas of the World|date=2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0756698591|page=138|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC|access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> |- | 20 || {{flag|Morocco}} || 68.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 21 || {{flag|Mauritania}} || 52.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 22 || {{flag|Somalia}} || 44–72<ref>{{cite web|title=Family Ties: Remittances and Livelihoods Support in Puntland and Somaliland|url=http://www.fsnau.org/downloads/Remittances-and-Livelihoods-Support-in-Puntland-and-Somaliland.pdf#6|publisher=FSNAU|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> |- |} ==Dadweynaha== {{main|Demographics of the Arab world}} Halka [[Arabs|Carabtu]] ay ka yihiin inta badan dadka ku nool Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo [[Egyptians|Masriyiinta]] ay ka dhiganyihiin dadweynaha ugu badan ee kooxdan gudaheeda ah, haddana gobolku wuxuu kaloo hoy u yahay kooxo kale oo qowmiyaddu gooni u ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Berbers|Berber-ka]], [[Kurds|Kurdida]], [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrianka]], [[Armenians|Armiinika]], [[Nubians|Nubiyaanka]], [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]], iyo [[Circassians|Cherkes-ka]]. Koox kasta oo ka mid ah kooxahan waxay leedahay dhaqan, luqad, iyo caadooyin u gaar ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1 Luulyo 2013, ku dhowaad 359 milyan oo qof ayaa ku nool dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. Tirada dadkeedu waxay si dhaqso leh uga koraysaa inta badan gobollada kale ee caalamka. Waddanka xubinta ka ah ee dadkiisu badanyahay waa [[Egypt|Masar]], oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100 milyan oo qof.<ref name="Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics">{{cite web |title=Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> Kan ugu yar dadweyne ahaan waa [[Comoros]], oo leh qiyaastii 850,000 oo qof. {| style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;" class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Tirada Dadka !! Cufnaanta (/km<sup>2</sup>) !! Cufnaanta (sq mi) !! Xusuusin |- | 1 || align=left|{{flag|Egypt}} || 109,450,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 109450000 / 1001449 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 2 || align=left|{{flag|Sudan}} || 50,418,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 50418000 / 1886068 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 3 || align=left|{{flag|Algeria}} || 47,251,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 47251000 / 2381741 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 4 || align=left|{{flag|Iraq}} || 45,521,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 45521000 / 446550 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 5 || align=left|{{flag|Yemen}} || 41,774,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 41774000 / 527968 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 6 || align=left|{{flag|Morocco}} || 37,712,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 37712000 / 438317 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 7 || align=left|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 36,006,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 36006000 / 2149690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 8 || align=left|{{flag|Syria}} || 21,393,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 21393000 / 185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2010<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 9 || align=left|{{flag|Somalia}} || 16,963,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 16963000 / 637657 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 10 || align=left|{{flag|Tunisia}} || 12,432,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 12432000 / 163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 11 || align=left|{{flag|Jordan}} || 11,442,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11442000 / 89342 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 12 || align=left|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 11,083,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11083000 / 83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 13 || align=left|{{flag|Libya}} || 6,982,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 6982000 / 1789540 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 14 || align=left|{{flag|Oman}} || 5,502,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5502000 / 309500 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 15 || align=left|{{flag|Palestine}} || 5,477,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5477000 / 6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2023<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 16 || align=left|{{flag|Lebanon}} || 5,354,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5354000 / 10452 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2024<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 17 || align=left|{{flag|Kuwait}} || 5,112,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5112000 / 17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 18 || align=left|{{flag|Mauritania}} || 4,629,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 4629000 / 1025520 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 19 || align=left|{{flag|Qatar}} || 3,109,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 3109000 / 11000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 20 || align=left|{{flag|Bahrain}} || 1,657,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1657000 / 750 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 21 || align=left|{{flag|Djibouti}} || 1,056,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1056000 / 23200 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 22 || align=left|{{flag|Comoros}} || 910,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 910000 / 2235 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- |- class="sortbottom" | '''Wadarta''' || align=left|{{flag|Arab League}} || ''' 481,233,000 ''' || '''{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}''' || '''{{convert|{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}|/km2|/sqmi|1|disp=output number only}}''' | align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |} ===Diinta=== Inta badan muwaadiniinta Jaamacadda Carabta waxay raacaan diinta [[Islam|Islaamka]], iyadoo [[Christianity|Masiixiyaddu]] ay tahay diinta labaad ee ugu weyn. Ugu yaraan 15 milyan oo Masiixiyiin ah ayaa wadajir ugu nool [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]], [[Palestine|Falastiin]], [[Sudan|Suudaan]] iyo [[Syria|Suuriya]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira tirooyin yar laakiin muhiim ah oo ka tirsan [[Druze|Durzi]], [[Yazidis|Yasiidiyiin]], [[Shabak people|Shabak]] iyo [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]]. Tirada [[Arabs|Carabta]] aan diinta haysta (aan diin lahayn) guud ahaan la heli maayo, laakiin cilmi-baarista ay samaysay [[Pew Forum]] waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ku dhowaad 1% dadka ku nool gobolka [[MENA]] ay yihiin kuwa aan diin lahayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/04/04/global-religious-diversity/|title=Religious Diversity Around The World|date=4 April 2014|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=9 September 2014}}</ref> ===Luqadaha=== Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabiga Suugaanta ah]], oo ku salaysan [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Hore]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalal dhowr ah oo xubno ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leeyihiin luqado kale oo la siman ama qaran ah, sida [[Somali language|Soomaaliga]], [[Afar language|Cafaariga]], [[Comorian language|Komoriga]], [[French language|Faransiiska]], [[English language|Ingiriiska]], [[Berber languages|Berber]] iyo [[Kurdish languages|Kurdiga]]. Waddamada badankoodu, waxaa jira af afka ah oo aan [[codification (linguistics)|rasmi ahayn]] oo ah [[varieties of Arabic|lahjadaha Carabiga ee la hadlo]]. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cayaaraha=== {{Main|Sport policies of the Arab League}} [[Pan-Arab Games|Cayaaraha Pan-Arab]] waxaa loo arkaa xafladda cayaareed ee ugu weyn Carabta, taas oo isu keenta ciyaartooy ka kala socota dhammaan dalalka Carabta si ay uga qaybqaataan cayaaro kala duwan oo kala duwan. [[Union of Arab Football Associations]] waxay soo qabanqaabisaa [[Arab Cup|Koobka Carabta]] (ee kooxaha qaran) iyo [[Arab Club Champions Cup|Koobka Horyaallada Kooxaha Carabta]] (ee naadiyada). Xiriirrada cayaaraha Carabta ayaa sidoo kale u jira cayaaro dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[basketball|kubadda koleyga]], [[volleyball|kubadda laliska]], [[team handball|gacanta]], [[table tennis|teniska miiska]], [[tennis|teniska]], [[Squash (sport)|skwoash]] iyo [[swimming (sport)|dabbaasha]]. ==Xusuusin== {{notelist}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|30em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Wikisource|Arab League Pact}} {{Commons}} * {{in lang|ar}} [http://www.lasportal.org/ League of Arab States] (goobta rasmiga ah). * {{in lang|en}} [http://arableague-us.org/wp/ League of Arab States Office] in Washington D.C. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041016021558/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league.htm The League of Arab States] at [[Al-Bab.com]] * [http://www.cfr.org/middle-east/arab-league/p25967 The Arab League] at [[Council on Foreign Relations]] * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/1550797.stm Profile: Arab League], ''[[BBC News]]'', updated 9 August 2011 {{Arab League |expanded}} {{Regional organizations}} {{Countries and languages lists}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab League}} [[Category:Arab League| ]] [[Category:Pan-Arabist organizations|League]] [[Category:International organizations based in Africa]] [[Category:International organizations based in Asia]] [[Category:International organizations based in the Middle East]] [[Category:Supranational unions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Africa]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Asia]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cairo]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1945]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Egypt]] [[Category:1940s in Islam]] [[Category:Language-based intergovernmental organizations]] [[Category:International political organizations]] [[Category:Pan-Arab organizations]] [[Category:Politics of the Arab world]] 8nbigw9ojzfl1fcsf3a09ews7e1b4v8 306336 306335 2026-08-31T11:52:01Z Isma4l 41797 306336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-semi|small=yes}} {{Infobox geopolitical organisation | conventional_long_name = Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta | native_name = {{unbulleted list|جامعة الدول العربية ([[Carabi]])<br />{{transliteration|engvar=gb|ar|Jāmiʿat ad-Duwal al-ʿArabiyya}}}} | linking_name = Jaamacadda Carabta | image_flag = Flag of the Arab League.svg | image_map = Member states of the Arab League (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah oo ku cagaaran madow | symbol_type = [[Calaamada Jaamacadda Carabta|Calaamad]] | image_symbol = Emblem of the Arab League.svg | admin_center = [[Qaahira]]{{efn|Laga soo bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1990, [[Tunis]].}} | admin_center_type = Xarunta | membership_type = [[Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta|Xubnaha]] | membership = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |{{flag|Algeria}} |{{flag|Bahrain}} |{{flag|Comoros}} |{{flag|Djibouti}} |{{flag|Egypt}} |{{flag|Iraq}} |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{flag|Kuwait}} |{{flag|Lebanon}} |{{flag|Libya}} |{{flag|Mauritania}} |{{flag|Morocco}} |{{flag|Oman}} |{{flag|Palestine}} |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |{{flag|Somalia}} |{{flag|Sudan}} |{{flag|Syria}} |{{flag|Tunisia}} |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |{{flag|Yemen}} }} | official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabi]] | org_type = [[Regional organization|Urur goboleed]] | leader_title1 = [[Secretary General of the Arab League|Xoghayaha Guud]] | leader_name1 = [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit]] | leader_title2 = [[Speaker of the Arab Parliament|Gdoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Al-Yamahi]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Arab Parliament Speaker Welcomes UK Plan to Recognize Palestinian State | url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5170971-arab-parliament-speaker-welcomes-uk-plan-recognize-palestinian-state }}</ref> | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | established_event1 = [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] | established_date1 = 22 Maarso 1945 | established_event2 = [[Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] | established_date2 = 18 Juun 1950 | established_event3 = [[Heshiiskii Casablanca]] | established_date3 = 11 Sebtembar 1965 | established_event4 = [[Politics of the Arab League|Heshiiska Iskaashiga Garsoorka]] | established_date4 = 6 Abriil 1983 | established_event5 = [[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|Aagga Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Weyn]] | established_date5 = 2 Janaayo 2005 | area_label = Baaxadda guud | area_km2 = 13132327 | area_sq_mi = 5070420 | area_rank = Ka 2-aad | area_label2 = | area_data2 = | population_estimate = 481,233,000<ref name="IMFAPR2025">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=612,419,632,611,469,433,439,443,446,672,682,686,449,453,456,726,732,463,744,466,487,474,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LP,&sy=2010&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=IMF |access-date=11 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = Ka 3-aad | population_density_km2 = 36.64 | population_density_sq_mi = 94.91 | GDP_PPP = $9.423 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,581<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal = $3.546 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,369<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = Ka 7-aad | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | currency = {{ubl | {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Dinaarka Aljeeriya]] | {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Dinaarka Baxrayn]] | {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Farankada Comoros]] | {{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Farankada Jabuuti]] | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Paundiga Masar]] | {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Dinaarka Ciraaq]] | {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Dinaarka Urdun]] | {{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Dinaarka Kuwayt]] | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Paundiga Lubnaan]] | {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Dinaarka Liibiya]] | {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Ouguiyada Mauritania]] | {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Dirhamka Marooko]] | {{flagicon|Oman}} [[Riyaalka Cumaan]] | {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Riyaalka Qatar]] | {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyaalka Sacuudiga]] | {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Shilingiga Soomaaliga]] | {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Paundiga Suudaan]] | {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Paundiga Suuriya]] | {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Dinaarka Tuniisiya]] | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dirhamka Imaaraadka|Dirhamka Isutaga Imaaraadka Carabta]] | {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Riyaalka Yemen]]}} | time_zone = | utc_offset = +0 ilaa +4 | official_website = {{URL|http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/|leagueofarabstates.org}} }} '''Jaamacadda Carabta''' ({{langx|ar|: الجامعة العربية}}), oo si rasmi ah loo yiraahdo '''Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta''' (جامعة الدول العربية), waa [[regional organization|urur goboleed]] ka tirsan [[Arab world|Dunida Carabta]]. Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa lagu aasaasay [[Qaahira]] taariikhdu markay ahayd 22 Maarso 1945, iyadoo ay ku midoobeen bilowgii toddobo xubnood: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Emirate of Transjordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[First Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], iyo [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen Waqooyi]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arab League|encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia|year=2013}}</ref> Hadda, Jaamaddu waxay leedahay [[member states of the Arab League|22 xubnood]], oo ay ku jiraan saddex waddan oo aan Carabi ahayn, waana [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]] iyo [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blair |first=Iain |last2=Grivna |first2=Michal |last3=Sharif |first3=Amer Ahmad |date=2014 |title=The "Arab World" is Not a Useful Concept When Addressing Challenges to Public Health, Public Health Education, and Research in the Middle East |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3988371/ |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=2 |pages=30 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00030 |doi-access=free|issn=2296-2565 |pmc=3988371 |pmid=24783189}}</ref> Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda ayaa ah "in ay sii dhoweyso xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyo in ay iskudduwo iskaashiga dhexmoodle, si loo ilaaliyo madaxbannaanidooda iyo qaranimadooda, hamigoodana loo eego si guud arrimaha iyo danaha dalalka Carabta".<ref name="yale">{{cite web|title=Pact of the League of Arab States, 22 March 1945|work=[[The Avalon Project]] |publisher=[[Yale Law School]]|year=1998|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/arableag.asp |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Ururku wuxuu taariikhdiisa oo dhan helay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=Barnett|first1=Michael|chapter=Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League|date=2007|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/crafting-cooperation/designed-to-fail-or-failure-of-design-the-origins-and-legacy-of-the-arab-league/5D266BBD41931A1E5D9CBE2266DABEBD|title=Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective|pages=180–220|editor-last=Johnston|editor-first=Alastair Iain|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511491436.006|isbn=978-0-521-69942-6|last2=Solingen|first2=Etel|editor2-last=Acharya|editor2-first=Amitav|access-date=22 December 2021|url-status=live|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hay'adaha ay leedahay, gaar ahaan [[Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization]] (ALECSO) iyo Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada ee [[Council of Arab Economic Unity]] (CAEU), Jaamacaddu waxay fududaysaa barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqaale, dhaqan, saynis, iyo bulsho ee loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo danaha Dunida Carabta.<ref>Ashish K. Vaidya, ''Globalization'' (ABC-CLIO: 2006), p. 525.</ref> Waxay u adeegtay sidii madal ay dalalka xubnaha ka ahi ugu duugi lahaayeen siyaasadda, ugu diyaarin lahaayeen daraasado iyo guddiyo la xiriira arrimaha wadajirka ah, ugu xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dowladaha, isla markaana ay ugu xaddidi lahaayeen dhibaatooyinka sida [[1958 Lebanon crisis|dhibaatadii Lubnaan ee 1958]]. Jaamacaddu waxay kaloo ahayd madal lagu qabyo-tiray oo lagu soo gabagabeeyey dukumiintiyo badan oo taariikhi ah oo dhiirrigelinaya is-dhexgalka dhaqaale. Hal tusaale waa [[Joint Arab Economic Action Charter]], oo qeexaysa mabaadi'da hawlaha dhaqaale ee gobolka. Waddan kasta oo xubin ka ahi wuxuu leeyahay hal cod oo ku dhex leh [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]], go'aanna waxaa ku waajib ah oo keliya kuwa u codeeyay. Ujeeddadii jaamacadda ee 1945 waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo oo la isku xir-xiro barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqan, dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee xubnaheeda isla markaana la dhex-dhexaadiyo khilaafaadka dhexmoodle ama kuwa iyaga iyo dhinacyada saddexaad u dhexeeya. Intaa waxaa dheer, saxiixida heshiis ku saabsan ''Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha'' 13 Abriil 1950 wuxuu ku waajibiyay saxiixayaasha inay isku duwaan tallaabooyinka difaaca milatari. Bishii Maarso 2015, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in la dhisay Ciidan Wadajir ah oo Carabi ah oo ujeedadoodu tahay in lagaga hortago xagjirnimada iyo khataraha kale ee soo wajahan Dowladaha Carabta. Go'aankaas waxaa la gaaray xilli [[Operation Decisive Storm]] ay ka sii dareysay Yemen. Ka-qaybgalka mashruucan waa mid ikhtiyaari ah, ciidankuna waxay soo farageliyaan oo keliya marka uu codsado mid ka mid ah dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Iskaashiga milatari ee horay u jiray ee u dhexeeyay dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta, dagaallada sokeeye ee gobolka, iyo khataraha argagixiso waxay ahaayeen kuwa dhaliyay dhismaha JAF.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fanack|title=The Joint Arab Force – Will It Ever Work?|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/league-arab-states/the-joint-arab-force-will-it-ever-work/|website=Fanack.com|access-date=13 July 2015}}</ref> Horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Golaha Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu soo jeediyay soo-jeedin ah in la abuuro [[Politics of the Arab League|Golayaasha Ganacsiga Wadajirka ah ee Carabta]] ee dalalka caalamiga ah dhexdiisa. Taasina waxay horseedday in la dejiyo waajibaadyo lagu dhiirrigelinayo, lagu taageerayo, loona fududeynayo ganacsiga labada dhinac ah ee u dhexeeya Dunida Carabta iyo la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga muhiimka ah. ==Taariikh== Ka dib markii la ansixiyay [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] sanadkii 1944, Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa la aas-aasay 22 Maarso 1945.<ref name="History">[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed Arab League formed – History.com This Day in History – 3/22/1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116041827/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed |date=16 November 2018 }}.</ref> Xarunta rasmiga ah ee Jaamacaddu waxay ahayd Qasriga Boustan ee Qaahira.<ref name= Baqai>{{cite journal|author=I. H. Baqai|title=The Pan-Arab League|journal=India Quarterly|date=May 1946|volume=2|issue=2|pages=144–150|jstor=45067282|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45067282|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> Waxay u jeedday in ay noqoto urur goboleed ay leeyihiin dalalka Carabta oo diiradda saaraya horumarinta dhaqaalaha, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo isku-dubaridka ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed.<ref name= Baqai/> Waddamo kale ayaa gadaal ka soo biiray jaamacadda.<ref>[http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm HowStuffWorks "Arab League"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815225240/http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm |date=15 August 2011 }} History.howstuffworks.com (27 February 2008). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.</ref> Waddan kasta waxaa la siiyay hal cod oo golaha dhexdiisa ah. Tallaabadii ugu weyneyd ee ugu horreysay waxay ahayd faragelin wadajir ah si looga hortago in Falastiin loo qaybiyo laba dal iyadoo la raacayo go'aankii Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Markii Urdun ay ogolaatay soo jeedintan, Masar waxay soo faragelisay si ay uga hortagto in taasi dhacdo.<ref>Avi Shlaim, ''Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine''. Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 1988; Uri Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London, Frank Cass, 1987; Joseph Nevo, King Abdullah and Palestine: A Territorial Ambition (London: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.</ref> Waxaa ku xigtay abuuritaanka heshiis difaaca wadajirka ah laba sano ka dib. Suuqa guud waxaa la dhisay 1965.<ref>Robert W. MacDonald, ''The League of Arab States: A Study in Regional Organization''. Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Princeton University Press, 1965.</ref> [[File:Arab League of states establishment - Egypt 22-3-1945.jpg|thumb|Shaambada xusuusta aasaaska Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta - Masar 22-3-1945. Muujineysa calammada 8-da waddan ee aas-aasayaasha ah: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Saudi Arabia|Boqortooyada Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]], [[Second Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]] iyo [[Palestine|Falastiin]]]] Sida uu qabo [[Michael N. Barnett|Michael Barnett]] iyo [[Etel Solingen]], Jaamacadda Carabta "waxay gaartay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah" taariikhdeeda oo dhan. Waxay sheegeen in qaab-dhismeedka Jaamacadda Carabta uu ka tarjumayo welwelka shakhsi ahaaneed ee hoggaamiyeyaasha Carabta ee ku aaddan badbaadada taliskooda: "si siyaasadeed waddaniyadda Carabta iyo aqoonsiga la wadaago waxay ku kellifeen dalalka Carabta inay qaataan hadallada midnimada Carabta si ay u sharciyeeyaan talisyadooda, isla markaana ay uga cabsadaan midnimada Carabta ficil ahaan sababtoo ah waxay ku soo rogi lahayd xannibaadyo ka waaweyn madaxbannaanidooda."<ref name=":0"/> Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa "si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay ku guuldarraysato soo saarista nooca iskaashiga iyo is-dhexgalka weyn ee daciifin lahaa hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadeed ee dalka gudihiisa."<ref name=":0"/> ==Juqraafi== {{main|Geography of the Arab world}} [[File:Arab League members colored by joining date.svg|thumb|right|Taariikhaha ay ku biireen dalalka xubnaha ka ah; Comoros (oo wareeg ku jirta) waxay ku biirtay 1993.<br />{{Color box|#f4eed7|border=darkgray}} 1940-meeyadii {{Color box|#decd87|border=darkgray}} 1950-meeyadii {{Color box|#c8ab37|border=darkgray}} 1960-meeyadii {{Color box|#786721|border=darkgray}} 1970-meeyadii]] Dalalka xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan {{convert|13000000|sqkm|abbr=on}} waxayna ku fidsan yihiin laba qaaradood: [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]. Gobolku inta badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay lama degaan abaaran, sida [[Saxaraha Weyn]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu kaloo ka kooban yahay dhulal aad u bacrin ah sida [[Dooxada Niil]], [[Dooxada Jubba]] iyo [[Dooxada Shabeelle]] ee ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], [[Buuraha Atlas]] ee ku yaal [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], iyo [[Fertile Crescent|Bilaha Bacrin ah]] ee ku fidsan [[Mesopotamia]] iyo [[Levant]]. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay keymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer adduunka, [[Niil]]. ==Xubinnimo== {{main|Member states of the Arab League}} [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Heshiiskii Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta, waa heshiiskii aas-aasiga ahaa ee Jaamacadda Carabta. La ansixiyay 1945, wuxuu dhigayaa in "Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta ay ka koobnaan doonaan Dowladaha Carabta ee madaxbannaan ee saxiixay Axdigan."<ref name="yale"/> Sannadkii 1945, waxaa jiray toddobo xubnood,<ref name="Brittanica">{{Cite web |title=Arab League|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-League |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|date=26 May 2024 }}</ref> laakiin hadda Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan 10 waddan oo Afrikaan ah: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Algeria}} * {{flag|Bahrain}} * {{flag|Comoros}} * {{flag|Djibouti}} * {{flag|Egypt}} * {{flag|Iraq}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} * {{flag|Lebanon}} * {{flag|Libya}} * {{flag|Mauritania}} * {{flag|Morocco}} * {{flag|Oman}} * {{flag|Palestine}} * {{flag|Qatar}} * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} * {{flag|Somalia}} * {{flag|Sudan}} * {{flag|Syria}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} * {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} * {{flag|Yemen}} }} iyo 7 waddan oo kormeerayaal ah (fiiro gaar ah: dalalka kormeerayaasha ah ee hoose waxaa lagu casuumay inay ka qaybgalaan fadhiyada gaarka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta laakiin ma laha xuquuq codayn): {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Armenia}}<ref name="Armenia">{{cite web| title = Armenia invited as observer for Arab League| publisher = Azad Hye| date = 19 January 2005| url = http://azad-hye.blogspot.ca/2005/01/observer-status-for-armenia-in-arab.html| access-date = 20 May 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name="Brazil">{{cite web| title = Brazil must be a facilitator in the Middle East, says VP| date = 14 August 2019| publisher = Brazil-Arab News Agency| url = https://anba.com.br/en/brazil-must-be-a-facilitator-in-the-middle-east-says-vp| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="Chad">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/4/29/chad-to-join-arab-league-as-observer|title=Chad to join Arab League as observer|date=29 April 2005|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Eritrea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/25874/nile-dam-still-raging-despite-global-pause-for-covid-19/|title=Nile dam still raging, despite global pause for COVID-19|website=The Africa Report|date=8 April 2020|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Greece}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2021/07/12/greece-observer-arab-league/|title=Greece to become observer member of the Arab League|website=www.greekcitytimes.com|date=12 July 2021 |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> * {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/india-and-the-arab-league-walking-the-trade-talk/|title=India and the Arab League: Walking the Trade Talk|website=thediplomat.com|date=21 December 2014|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Venezuela}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/30/world/meast/arab-league-fast-facts/index.html|title=Arab League Fast Facts|website=CNN|date=30 July 2013|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> }} === Hakinta xubinnimada === [[Egypt|Masar]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda Jaamacadda Carabta 26 Maarso 1979 sabab la xiriirta [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|Heshiiskii nabadda ee Masar iyo Israa'iil]], iyadoo xarunta Jaamacaddu ay ka soo guurtay Qaahira oo ay u aadday [[Tunis]], Tuniisiya. Sannadkii 1987, dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay dib u soo celiyeen xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ee ay la lahaayeen Masar, dalkuna wuxuu dib ugu biiray Jaamacadda bishii May 1989, xarunta Jaamacaddana waxaa loo soo celiyay Qaahira bishii Sebtembar 1990.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2008 |title=Timeline: Arab League |publisher=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1550977.stm |access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref> [[Libya]] xubinnimadeeda waa la hakinay 22 Febraayo 2011, ka dib markii uu qarxay [[first Libyan civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Libyan kowaad]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4032530,00.html | title= Libya suspended from Arab League sessions | website= Ynetnews.com | date= 2011-02-22 | access-date= 2014-04-28}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u codeysay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Libya 27 Agoosto 2011 iyadoo aqoonsatay wakiil ka socda [[National Transitional Council|Golaha Kala-guurka Qaranka]], oo ahaa dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee dalkaas qayb ahaan aqoonsiga haysatay.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rttnews.com/Content/GeneralNews.aspx?Id=1700187&SM=1 |work= RTT News |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=25 August 2011 |title=Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council}}</ref> [[Syria|Suuriya]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda 16 Nofeembar 2011 ka dib markii uu qarxay [[Syrian civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Suuriya]]. 6 Maarso 2013, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay kursigii Suuriya ee Jaamacadda siisay [[Syrian National Coalition|Isbahaysiga Qaran ee Suuriya]], oo ahaa kooxda mucaaradka ah ee ugu weyn [[Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad|mucaaradka Suuriya]].<ref name="syriannationalcoalition">{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/26/syrian-opposition-appeals-nato-support|title= Syrian opposition takes Arab League seat|first= Ian|last= Black|work= The Guardian|date= 26 March 2013|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> 9 Maarso 2014, xoghayaha guud [[Nabil Elaraby]] wuxuu sheegay in kursiga Suuriya uu ahaan doono mid banneyn ilaa inta mucaaradku ka dhammaystiranayaan dhismaha hay'adahooda.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-09/249749-syria-opposition-not-yet-ready-for-arab-league-seat.ashx|title= Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'|work= The Daily Star Newspaper|place= Lebanon|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> Sannadkii 2021, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday geeddi-socod caadi-yareyn ah oo u dhexeeya [[Ba'athist Syria|dowladda Ba'athist-ka Suuriya]] iyo waddamada kale ee Carabta.<ref>[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ "Saudi Arabia: Talks underway on Syria's return to Arab League"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315152236/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ |date=15 March 2023 }} ''middleeastmonitor''. Accessed 25 March 2023.</ref> 7 Maajo 2023, shirka [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]] ee ka dhacay Qaahira, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Suuriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/05/07/Arab-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-Syria-s-return-to-Arab-League-Sudan-conflict|title=Arab foreign ministers agree to readmit Syria to the Arab League|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=7 May 2023|access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> ==Siyaasadda iyo maamulka== {{main|Politics of the Arab League}} {{see also|Charter of the Arab League|Council of the Arab League|Arab Parliament|Foreign relations of the Arab League}} [[File:Arab Leage HQ 977.PNG|thumb|Xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta, [[Qaahira]].]] [[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb| {{legend|#cdcd9c|Aqoonsiga labada [[Israel|Israa'iil]] iyo Dawladda Falastiin}} {{legend|#FF4500|Aqoonsiga Dawladda Falastiin keliya}}]] Jaamacadda Carabta waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu caawiyo is-dhexgalka dhaqaale ee xubnaheeda, iyo in uu xalliyo khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyadoon la weydiisan gargaar dibadda ah. Waxay leedahay qaybo ka mid ah baarlamaan metela dawladaha halka arrimaha dibaddana inta badan lagu maamulo kormeerka Qaramada Midoobay hoosteeda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D36214%26URL_DO%3DDO_PRINTPAGE%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html|title=The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALESCO)|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]] wuxuu ansixiyay mabda'a [[Pan-Arabism|qaran-qaranimada Carabta]] iyadoo la ixtiraamayo [[sovereignty|madaxbannaanida]] dalalka xubnaha shakhsi ahaaneed. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda iyo guddiyada waxaa lagu heshiiyay Oktoobar 1951. Kuwa Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku saleysnaa laba-jibaarka hay'adaha sare ee gobolka iyo madaxbannaanida dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta qaranimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay xooggeeda ka soo qaadaneysaa dookha dabiiciga ah ee eliska taliska si ay u ilaashadaan awooddooda iyo madaxbannaanidooda go'aan-qaadasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Arab Cold War|mucaaradka u dhexeeya madaxda Carabta]], iyo saameynta awoodaha dibadda ee ka soo horjeesan kara midnimada Carabta waxaa loo arki karaa caqabado hortaagan is-dhexgal qoto dheer oo jaamacadda ah. Iyagoo maanka ku haya ku dhawaaqidoodii hore ee ay ku taageerayeen [[Arabs|Carabta]] [[Palestine|Falastiin]], aasaasayaashii Axdiga waxay go'aansadeen inay ku daraan gudaha Jaamacadda tan iyo bilowgii.<ref name=geddes>Geddes, 1991, p. 208.</ref> Taasi waxaa lagu sameeyay lifaaq caddaynaya:<ref name="yale"/> {{cquote|In kasta oo Falastiin aysan awood u lahayn in ay maamusho qaddarkeeda, haddana waxay ahayd saldhigga aqoonsiga madaxbannaanideeda in Axdiga Golaha Qarammada Midoobay uu u go'aamiyay nidaam dowladeed iyada. Sida darteed, jiritaankeeda iyo madaxbannaanideeda ka dhexaysa quruumaha lagama su'aali karo ''de jure'' in ka badan madaxbannaanida mid ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Carabta. [...] Sida darteed, Dowladaha saxiixay Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qabaan in marka la eego xaaladaha gaarka ah ee Falastiin, Golaha Jaamacadda uu u magacaabo wakiil Carabi ah oo ka socda Falastiin si uu uga qaybqaato shaqadeeda ilaa dalkan uu ka helayo madaxbannaanida dhabta ah}} Bishii Sebtembar 1963, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u magacowday [[Ahmad Shukeiri]] Wakiilka Falastiin ee Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Har-El |first=Shai |title=China and the Palestinian Organizations: 1964–1971 |date=2024 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3-031-57827-4}}</ref> Shir-madaxeedkii Qaahira ee 1964, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday abuuritaanka urur metela dadka Falastiin. [[Palestinian National Council|Golaha Qaranka ee Falastiin]] ee ugu horreeyay wuxuu ku shiray [[East Jerusalem|Quddusbari]] 29 May 1964. [[Palestine Liberation Organization|Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin]] waxaa la aas-aasay intii uu socday shirkan 2 Juun 1964. Falastiin waxaa si dhakhso ah loogu aqbalay Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo ay matalayso PLO. Maanta, [[State of Palestine|Dawladda Falastiin]] waa xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta. Shir-madaxeedkii [[Beirut Summit|Beeruut]] ee 28 Maarso 2002, jaamacaddu waxay ansixisay [[Arab Peace Initiative|Hindisaha Nabadda ee Carabta]], oo ah qorshe nabadeed oo uu dhiirrigeliyay Sacuudigu oo ku aaddan [[Arab–Israeli conflict|khilaafka Carabta iyo Israa'iil]]. Hindisuhu wuxuu soo bandhigay caadi-yareyn buuxda oo ku saabsan xiriirka [[Israel|Israa'iil]]. Taas beddelkeedana, Israa'iil waxaa laga rabaa inay ka baxdo dhammaan [[Israeli-occupied territories|dhulka la haysto]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Golan Heights]], inay aqoonsato madaxbannaanida Falastiin ee [[West Bank|Daanta Galbeed]] iyo [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda, iyo sidoo kale "xal caddaalad ah" oo loo helo [[Palestinian refugees|qaxootiga Falastiin]]. Hindisaha Nabadda waxaa dib loogu taageeray 2007 Shir-madaxeedkii Riyadh. Bishii Luulyo 2007, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u dirtay ergo ka koobnayd wasiirrada arrimaha dibadda ee [[Jordan|Urdun]] iyo [[Egypt|Masar]] oo tagtay Israa'iil si ay u dhiirrigeliyaan hindisaha. Ka dib tallaabadii [[Venezuela]] ay ku cayrisay diblomaasiyiinta Israa'iil intii uu socday [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict|dagaalkii Gaza ee 2008-2009]], xildhibaanka Kuwayt [[Waleed Al-Tabtabaie]] wuxuu soo jeediyay in xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta loo raro [[Caracas, Venezuela|Caracas]], [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-13536--12-12--.html|title=Kuwaiti MP calls to move Arab league to Venezuela|access-date=16 January 2009|date=15 January 2009|work=AFP, via CaribbeanNetNews}}</ref> 13 Juun 2010, Amr Mohammed Moussa, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta, wuxuu booqday [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], taas oo ahayd booqashadii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta tan iyo markii Hamas ay la wareegtay gacan-ku-haynta hubaysan 2007. Jaamacadda Carabta waa xubin ka tirsan [[China-Arab States Cooperation Forum]] (CASCF), oo la aas-aasay 2004. CASCF waa ka-qaybgalkii ugu horreeyay ee Jaamacadda Carabta ee madal iskaashi oo ay la leedahay waddan ama gobol kale.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=58}}</ref> CASCF waa hab-maamuleedka isku-dubaridka dhinacyada badan ee u dhexeeya dalalka Carabta iyo Shiinaha, waxaana gudaha CASCF Jaamacadda Carabta ay ku matashaa dalalkeeda xubnaha ka ah sidii xoog isku midaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=57}}</ref> Isku-dubaridka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u oggolaaneysaa dalalka Carabta inay si firfircoon ula xaajoodaan mashaariicda wadajirka ah ee ay ku jiraan dhowr waddan, sida mashaariicda tareennada, mashaariicda tamarta nukliyeerka, iyo hindisayaasha Badda Dhimatay.<ref name=":1" /> Sannadkii 2015, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|faragelinta milatari ee uu hoggaaminayo Sacuudiga ee Yemen]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Zaidiyyah|Xuutiyiinta Shiicada ah]] iyo ciidamada daacadda u ah Madaxweynihii hore [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]], oo xukunka looga tuuray [[Yemeni Revolution|kacaankii 2011]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-joint-arab-military-force-20150329-story.html|agency=Los Angeles Times|title=Arab League's joint military force is a 'defining moment' for region|date=29 March 2015|first1=Christina|last1=Boyle|first2=Zaid|last2=al-Alayaa|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> 15 Abriil 2018, iyaga oo uga jawaabaya [[Operation Olive Branch|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyiga Suuriya]] ee ujeeddadiisu ahayd in lagu ceyriyo [[People's Protection Units|Kurdida Suuriya]] ee ay taageerto Maraykanka magaalada [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]], Jaamacadda Carabta waxay meel marisay qaraar ugu baaqaya ciidamada Turkiga inay ka baxaan Afrin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey slams Arab League resolution on Afrin operation|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkey-slams-arab-league-resolution-on-afrin-operation-3329296|publisher=Yeni Safak|date=18 April 2018|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref> Bishii Sebtembar 2019, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay cambaaraysay qorshaha [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] ee ah inuu [[Annexation|la wareego]] qaybta bariga ee Daanta Galbeed ee la haysto ee loo yaqaanno [[Jordan Valley|Dooxada Urdun]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Arab nations condemn Netanyahu's Jordan Valley annexation plan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49657915 |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay ku kulantay Qaahira 12 Oktoober 2019 si ay uga wada hadlaan [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyi-bari Suuriya]]. Markii ay kulmeen, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay u codeeyeen inay cambaaraan duullaanka Turkiga, iyagoo ku tilmaamay labadaba 'duulaan' iyo 'gardarro' ka dhan ah waddan Carabi ah, waxayna ku dareen in ururku u arko mid xadgudub ku ah sharciga caalamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arableague-turkey-syria-idUSKBN1WR0C9|title=Turkey's Syria offensive an 'invasion': Arab League secretary general|date=2019-10-12|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> 9 Sebtembar 2020, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay diiday inay cambaarayso go'aanka [[United Arab Emirates|Imaaraadka Carabta]] ee ahaa inuu [[Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement|caadi ka dhigo xiriirka uu la leeyahay Israa'iil]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "ujeeddada ay dalalkeenna Carabta oo dhan raadinayaan, marka laga reebo midna, waa in la soo afjaro shaqaysiga lana aasaaso dawlad Falastiin oo madaxbannaan oo ku salaysan xuduudihii 1967 iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda," ayuu yiri [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit|Aboul Gheit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/arab-league-ministers-agree-condemn-uae-israel-deal-200909141524785.html|title=Arab League: Ministers agree not to condemn UAE-Israel deal|date=September 9, 2020|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> Janaayo 2024, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|dacwadda xasuuqa ee Koonfur Afrika ay u gudbisay Maxkamadda ICJ]] ee ka dhanka ah Israa'iil.<ref>{{cite news |title=Genocide case against Israel: Where does the rest of the world stand on the momentous allegations? |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515627.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=13 January 2024}}</ref> ==Liiska shir-madaxedyada== [[File:Arab League Summit Logo.png|right|thumb|Calaamada [[Arab League Summit 2013|Shir-madaxeedka Jaamacadda Carabta 2013]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|1]] || data-sort-value="1964-01-13" | 13–17 Janaayo 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Alexandria)|2]] || data-sort-value="1964-09-05" | 5–11 Sebtembar 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Iskandariya]] |- | [[1965 Arab League summit|3]] || data-sort-value="1965-09-13" | 13–17 Sebtembar 1965 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1967 Arab League summit|4]] || data-sort-value="1967-08-29" | 29 Agoosto 1967 || {{flag|Sudan|1956}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[1968 Arab League summit|5]] || data-sort-value="1969-12-21" | 21–23 Diseembar 1969 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1973 Arab League summit|6]] || data-sort-value="1973-11-26" | 26–28 Nofeembar 1973 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1974 Arab League summit|7]] || data-sort-value="1974-10-29" | 29 Oktoober 1974 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Cairo)|8]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-25" | 25–26 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Egypt|1972}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1978 Arab League summit|9]] || data-sort-value="1978-11-02" | 2–5 Nofeembar 1978 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1979 Arab League summit|10]] || data-sort-value="1979-11-20" | 20–22 Nofeembar 1979 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[1980 Arab League summit|11]] || data-sort-value="1980-11-21" | 21–22 Nofeembar 1980 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1982 Arab League summit|12]] || data-sort-value="1982-09-06" | 6–9 Sebtembar 1982 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Fez, Morocco|Fes]] |- | [[1985 Arab League summit|13]] || 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1987 Arab League summit|14]] || 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1988 Arab League summit|15]] || data-sort-value="1988" | Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1989 Arab League summit|16]] || 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1990 Arab League summit|17]] || 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1996 Arab League summit|18]] || 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[2001 Arab League summit|19]] || data-sort-value="2001-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2001 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[2002 Arab League summit|20]] || data-sort-value="2002-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2002 || {{flag|Lebanon}} ||[[Beirut]] |- | [[2003 Arab League summit|21]] || data-sort-value="2003-03-01" | 1 Maarso 2003 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] |- | [[2004 Arab League summit|22]] || data-sort-value="2004-05-22" | 22–23 Maajo 2004 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[2005 Arab League summit|23]] || data-sort-value="2005-03-22" | 22–23 Maarso 2005 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2006 Arab League summit|24]] || data-sort-value="2006-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2006 || {{flag|Sudan}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[2007 Arab League summit|25]] || data-sort-value="2007-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2007 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Riyadh]] |- | [[2008 Arab League summit|26]] || data-sort-value="2008-03-29" | 29–30 Maarso 2008 || {{flag|Ba'athist Syria|1980|name=Syria}}||[[Damascus]] |- | [[2009 Arab League summit|27]] || data-sort-value="2009-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2009 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]] |- | [[2010 Arab League summit|28]] || data-sort-value="2010-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2010 || {{flag|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|name=Libya}}||[[Sirte]] |- | [[2012 Arab League summit|29]] || data-sort-value="2012-03-27" | 27–29 Maarso 2012 || {{flag|Iraq}} ||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[2013 Arab League summit|30]] || data-sort-value="2013-03-21" | 21–27 Maarso 2013 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab League Summit 2013|url=http://qatarconferences.org/arableaguesummit2013/|access-date=2023-02-10|website=qatarconferences.org}}</ref> |- | [[2014 Arab League summit|31]] || data-sort-value="2014-03-25" | 25–26 Maarso 2014 || {{flag|Kuwait}} ||[[Kuwait City]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mater|first=Jassim|title=Summit hit by new rifts|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2014/3/23/arab-league-summit-hit-by-new-rifts|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2015 Arab League summit|32]] || data-sort-value="2015-03-28" | 28–29 Maarso 2015 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm El Sheikh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opposition fail to get Syria Arab League seat|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/3/27/opposition-fail-to-get-syria-arab-league-seat|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2016 Arab League summit|33]] || data-sort-value="2016-07-20" | 20 Luulyo 2016 || {{flag|Mauritania|1959}} ||[[Nouakchott]] |- | [[2017 Arab League summit|34]] || data-sort-value="2017-03-23" | 23–29 Maarso 2017 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/2016/11/02/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3.html|title=الأردن يستضيف القمة العربية في مارس|website=www.alarabiya.net|date=November 2016|access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> |- | [[2018 Arab League summit|35]] || data-sort-value="2018-04-15" | 15 Abriil 2018 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Dhahran]] |- | [[2019 Arab League summit|36]] || data-sort-value="2019-03-31" | 31 Maarso 2019 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/47928/Tunisia-to-host-next-Arab-summit|title=Tunisia to host next Arab summit|website=EgyptToday|date=15 April 2018|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> |- | [[2022 Arab League summit|37]] || data-sort-value="2022-11-01" | 1 Nofeembar 2022 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2023 Arab League summit|38]] || data-sort-value="2023-05-19" | 19 Maajo 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Jeddah]] |- | [[2024 Arab League summit|39]] || data-sort-value="2024-05-16" | 16 Maajo 2024 || {{flag|Bahrain}} ||[[Manama]] |- | [[2025 Arab League summit|40]] | data-sort-value="2025-05-17" | 17 Maajo 2025 | {{flag|Iraq}} | [[Baghdad]] |} ===Shir-madaxedyada degdegga ah=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1970 Arab League summit|1]] || data-sort-value="1970-09-21" | 21–27 Sebtembar 1970 || {{flag|United Arab Republic|1958}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)|2]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-17" | 17–28 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 3 || data-sort-value="1985-09-07" | 7–9 Sebtembar 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Casablanca]] |- | 4 || data-sort-value="1987-11-08" | 8–12 Nofeembar 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} || [[Amman]] |- | 5 || data-sort-value="1988-06-07" | 7–9 Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Algiers]] |- | 6 || data-sort-value="1989-06-23" | 23–26 Juun 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Casablanca]] |- | 7 || data-sort-value="1990-05-28" | 28–30 Maajo 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}} || [[Baghdad]] |- | 8 || data-sort-value="1990-08-09" | 9–10 Agoosto 1990 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 9 || data-sort-value="1996-06-22" | 22–23 Juun 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 10 || data-sort-value="2000-10-21" | 21–22 Oktoober 2000 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 11 || data-sort-value="2016-01-07" | 7 Janaayo 2016 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | [[2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit|12]] || data-sort-value="2023-11-11" | 11 Nofeembar 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 13 || data-sort-value="2025-03-04" | 4 Maarso 2025 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- |} {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Labada shir-madaxeed laguma darin nidaamka shir-madaxedyada Jaamacadda Carabta: ** [[Anshas]], Masar: 28–29 Maajo 1946. ** Beirut, Lubnaan: 13 – 15 Nofeembar 1958. * Shir-madaxeedkii 12aad ee Fes, Morocco, wuxuu dhacay laba marxaladood: ** 25 Nofeembar 1981: Kulankii 5-ta saacadood ahaa wuxuu ku dhammaaday adigoon wax heshiis ah laga gaarin dukumiintiga. ** 6–9 Sebtembar 1982. {{colend}} ==Milatari== {{Main|Military of the Arab League}} Golaha Difaaca Wadajirka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa mid ka mid ah [[Institutions of the Arab League|Hay'adaha Jaamacadda Carabta]].<ref name="ABC-CLIO">{{cite web|title=Arab-Israeli Wars: 60 Years of Conflict|url=http://www.historyandtheheadlines.abc-clio.com/ContentPages/ContentPage.aspx?entryId=1281297|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Waxaa la aas-aasay hoos imaanaya shuruudaha [[Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty|Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] ee 1950 si loo isku dubarido [[Collective security|difaaca wadajirka ah]] ee [[Member states of the Arab League|dalalka xubnaha ka ah]] Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Osmańczyk|first=Edmund Jan|author-link=Edmund Osmańczyk|chapter=League of Arab States|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Anthony|volume=2|edition=3|page=1290|place=New York|publisher=Routledge|year=2003}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta ahaan urur ahaan ma laha ciidan milatari, si la mid ah Qaramada Midoobay, laakiin shir-madaxeedkii 2007, hoggaamiyeyaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay dejiyaan siyaasadooda difaaca wadajirka ah ayna dhistaan ciidan nabad ilaalin ah oo la geeyo koonfurta Lubnaan, Darfur, Ciraaq, iyo meelaha kale ee kulul. Shir-madaxeedkii 2015 ee ka dhacay Masar, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ku heshiiyeen mabda' ahaan inay dhistaan ciidan milatari oo wadajir ah.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-arabs-communique-idUSL6N0WV03T20150329|title=Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2015|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> ==Khayraadka dhaqaalaha== {{Main|Economy of the Arab League}} {{See also|List of countries by GDP (PPP)|List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita}} Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qani ku tahay khayraadka, sida [[oil|shidaalka]] baaxadda leh iyo kheyraadka [[natural gas|gaaska dabiiciga ah]] ee ku jira dalal qaar oo xubno ka ah. Guulaha dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Jaamacaddu ee dhexmaray dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan sidaas u xoog badnayn marka loo eego kuwa ay gaareen ururada Carabta ee ka yar sida [[Gulf Cooperation Council|Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka]] (GCC).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN2041155720081120|title=Reuters.com|work=Reuters|date=20 November 2008|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Waxaa ka mid ah [[Arab Gas Pipeline|Dhuumaha Gaaska Carabta]], oo qaadi doona gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq oo la gayn doono Urdun, Suuriya, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo xagga dhaqaalaha ah oo u dhexeeya dalalka shidaalka leh ee horumaray ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[UAE]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]] iyo [[Yemen]]. [[File:OAPEC Members.png|thumb|right|Xubnaha [[OAPEC]]]] Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kaloo ku jira dhulal aad u bacrin ah oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Sudan]]. Waxaa loogu yeeraa dambiisha cuntada ee [[Arab World|Dunida Carabta]], iyadoo aanay xasillooni-darridda gobolka oo ay ku jirto madaxbannaanida [[South Sudan]] aysan saameyn ku yeelan warshadeeda [[tourism|dalxiiska]], taas oo loo arko warshadaha ugu koboca degdeg badan gobolka, iyadoo [[Egypt]], [[UAE]], [[Lebanon]], [[Tunisia]], iyo [[Jordan]] ay hormuud ka yihiin. Warshad kale oo si xawli ah uga kobeysa Jaamacadda Carabta waa isgaarsiinta. Guulaha dhaqaale ee dhexmaray xubnaha waxay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya taariikhda jaamacadda, ururada kale ee Carabta ee ka yar ayaa gaaray waxyaabo ka badan intii ay jaamacaddu gaartay, sida [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]], laakiin dhawaanahan dhowr mashruuc oo dhaqaale oo waaweyn oo ballanqaad leh ayaa la dhammaystirayaa, dhuumaha gaaska Carabta ayaa la filayaa inay dhammaadaan 2010, iyagoo ku xiraya Gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq Urdun, Suuriya iyo Lubnaan, ka dibna Turkiga sidaasna Yurub, heshiis ganacsi xor ah ([[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|GAFTA]]) ayaa la dhammaystiray 1 January 2008, taasoo ka dhigtay 95% dhammaan alaabta Carabta kuwo canshuur la'aan ah oo caado ah. ===Gaadiidka=== Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, iyadoo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo [[Near East|Bariga Dhexe]] ay gebi ahaanba isku xiran yihiin dhanka hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareennada. Qayb kale oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda waa [[Nile Valley|Dooxada Niil]], oo ka kooban [[Egypt|Masar]] iyo [[Sudan|Suudaan]]. Labadan waddan ee xubnaha ka ah waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan nidaamka navigation-ka ee Webiga Niil si loo hagaajiyo helitaanka sidaas kalena loo dhiirrigeliyo ganacsiga. Nidaam cusub oo tareen ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfureed ee Masar ee [[Abu Simbel]] magaalada waqooyiga Suudaan ee [[Wadi Halfa]] ka dibna [[Khartoum]] iyo [[Port Sudan]]. Qaybta saddexaad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], halkaas oo dherer gaaraya 3,000 km oo tareen ah uu ka socdo magaalooyinka koonfureed ee [[Morocco]] ilaa [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] ee galbeedka [[Libya]]. Qaybta afraad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], oo ay xubnaheeda ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]. Labadan waddan ee Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kala soocaya oo keliya toban mayl oo badda ah Gacanka Carabta oo ay dhex marto [[Bab el Mandeb]], taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu beddelaysaa maadaama Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalka [[Osama bin Laden]], uu bilaabay dhismaha mashruuca hмиisada leh ee [[Bridge of the Horns]], kaas oo ujeeddadiisu tahay inuu ku xiro [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]] iyo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyada oo la marinayo buundo weyn. Mashruucu waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo isu-socodka qarniyada soo jireenka ah ee u dhexeeya labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee Jaamacadda waa jasiiradaha go'doomiyey ee [[Comoros]] ee ku yaal xeebta [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]], oo aan si jireed ugu xirnayn waddan kale oo Carabi ah, laakiin weli la ganacsada xubnaha kale ee Jaamacadda Carabta. ==Akhris-qoraalka == {{main|List of countries by literacy rate}} Ururinta xogta akhris-qoraalka, dalal badan ayaa qiyaasa tirada dadka wax akhriya oo qora iyagoo ku saleynaya xog ay soo sheegeen shaqsiyaadkooda. Qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan xogta heerka waxbarasho sidii tilmaame, laakiin cabbiraadaha soo-xairashada dugiska ama dhameystirka fasalka waa ay kala duwanaan karaan. Sababtoo ah qeexitaannada iyo hababka ururinta xogta waa ay ku kala duwan yihiin dalalka, qiyaasta akhris-qoraalka waa in si taxaddar leh loo isticmaalo. [[United Nations Development Programme]], [[Human Development Report]] 2010. Gobolka [[Persian Gulf|Khaliijka Carabta]] wuxuu yeeshay [[oil boom|barwaaqo shidaal]], taasoo sahlaysa in la dhiso dugsiyo iyo jaamacado badan. {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Heerka [[Literacy|akhris-qoraalka]] (%) |- | 1 || {{flag|Qatar}} || 97.3<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|date=2007-06-13|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Literacy|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html|access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> |- | 2 || {{flag|Palestine}} || 96.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 3 || {{flag|Kuwait}} || 96.3<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 4 || {{flag|Bahrain}} || 95.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 5 || {{flag|Jordan}} || 95.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 6 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 94.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 7 || {{flag|Lebanon}} || 93.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 8 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 93.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 9 || {{flag|Oman}} || 91.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 10 || {{flag|Libya}} || 91<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 11 || {{flag|Syria}} || 86.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 12 || {{flag|Iraq}} || 85.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 13 || {{flag|Tunisia}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 14 || {{flag|Comoros}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 15 || {{flag|Algeria}} || 80.2<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 16 || {{flag|Sudan}} || 75.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 17 || {{flag|Egypt}} || 73.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 18 || {{flag|Yemen}} || 70.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 19 || {{flag|Djibouti}} || 70.0<ref name="Pcaotw">{{cite book|last=DK Publishing|title=Compact Atlas of the World|date=2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0756698591|page=138|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC|access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> |- | 20 || {{flag|Morocco}} || 68.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 21 || {{flag|Mauritania}} || 52.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 22 || {{flag|Somalia}} || 44–72<ref>{{cite web|title=Family Ties: Remittances and Livelihoods Support in Puntland and Somaliland|url=http://www.fsnau.org/downloads/Remittances-and-Livelihoods-Support-in-Puntland-and-Somaliland.pdf#6|publisher=FSNAU|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> |- |} ==Dadweynaha== {{main|Demographics of the Arab world}} Halka [[Arabs|Carabtu]] ay ka yihiin inta badan dadka ku nool Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo [[Egyptians|Masriyiinta]] ay ka dhiganyihiin dadweynaha ugu badan ee kooxdan gudaheeda ah, haddana gobolku wuxuu kaloo hoy u yahay kooxo kale oo qowmiyaddu gooni u ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Berbers|Berber-ka]], [[Kurds|Kurdida]], [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrianka]], [[Armenians|Armiinika]], [[Nubians|Nubiyaanka]], [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]], iyo [[Circassians|Cherkes-ka]]. Koox kasta oo ka mid ah kooxahan waxay leedahay dhaqan, luqad, iyo caadooyin u gaar ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1 Luulyo 2013, ku dhowaad 359 milyan oo qof ayaa ku nool dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. Tirada dadkeedu waxay si dhaqso leh uga koraysaa inta badan gobollada kale ee caalamka. Waddanka xubinta ka ah ee dadkiisu badanyahay waa [[Egypt|Masar]], oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100 milyan oo qof.<ref name="Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics">{{cite web |title=Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> Kan ugu yar dadweyne ahaan waa [[Comoros]], oo leh qiyaastii 850,000 oo qof. {| style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;" class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Tirada Dadka !! Cufnaanta (/km<sup>2</sup>) !! Cufnaanta (sq mi) !! Xusuusin |- | 1 || align=left|{{flag|Egypt}} || 109,450,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 109450000 / 1001449 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 2 || align=left|{{flag|Sudan}} || 50,418,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 50418000 / 1886068 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 3 || align=left|{{flag|Algeria}} || 47,251,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 47251000 / 2381741 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 4 || align=left|{{flag|Iraq}} || 45,521,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 45521000 / 446550 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 5 || align=left|{{flag|Yemen}} || 41,774,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 41774000 / 527968 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 6 || align=left|{{flag|Morocco}} || 37,712,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 37712000 / 438317 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 7 || align=left|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 36,006,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 36006000 / 2149690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 8 || align=left|{{flag|Syria}} || 21,393,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 21393000 / 185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2010<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 9 || align=left|{{flag|Somalia}} || 16,963,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 16963000 / 637657 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 10 || align=left|{{flag|Tunisia}} || 12,432,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 12432000 / 163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 11 || align=left|{{flag|Jordan}} || 11,442,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11442000 / 89342 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 12 || align=left|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 11,083,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11083000 / 83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 13 || align=left|{{flag|Libya}} || 6,982,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 6982000 / 1789540 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 14 || align=left|{{flag|Oman}} || 5,502,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5502000 / 309500 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 15 || align=left|{{flag|Palestine}} || 5,477,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5477000 / 6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2023<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 16 || align=left|{{flag|Lebanon}} || 5,354,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5354000 / 10452 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2024<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 17 || align=left|{{flag|Kuwait}} || 5,112,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5112000 / 17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 18 || align=left|{{flag|Mauritania}} || 4,629,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 4629000 / 1025520 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 19 || align=left|{{flag|Qatar}} || 3,109,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 3109000 / 11000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 20 || align=left|{{flag|Bahrain}} || 1,657,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1657000 / 750 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 21 || align=left|{{flag|Djibouti}} || 1,056,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1056000 / 23200 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 22 || align=left|{{flag|Comoros}} || 910,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 910000 / 2235 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- |- class="sortbottom" | '''Wadarta''' || align=left|{{flag|Arab League}} || ''' 481,233,000 ''' || '''{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}''' || '''{{convert|{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}|/km2|/sqmi|1|disp=output number only}}''' | align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |} ===Diinta=== Inta badan muwaadiniinta Jaamacadda Carabta waxay raacaan diinta [[Islam|Islaamka]], iyadoo [[Christianity|Masiixiyaddu]] ay tahay diinta labaad ee ugu weyn. Ugu yaraan 15 milyan oo Masiixiyiin ah ayaa wadajir ugu nool [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]], [[Palestine|Falastiin]], [[Sudan|Suudaan]] iyo [[Syria|Suuriya]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira tirooyin yar laakiin muhiim ah oo ka tirsan [[Druze|Durzi]], [[Yazidis|Yasiidiyiin]], [[Shabak people|Shabak]] iyo [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]]. Tirada [[Arabs|Carabta]] aan diinta haysta (aan diin lahayn) guud ahaan la heli maayo, laakiin cilmi-baarista ay samaysay [[Pew Forum]] waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ku dhowaad 1% dadka ku nool gobolka [[MENA]] ay yihiin kuwa aan diin lahayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/04/04/global-religious-diversity/|title=Religious Diversity Around The World|date=4 April 2014|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=9 September 2014}}</ref> ===Luqadaha=== Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabiga Suugaanta ah]], oo ku salaysan [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Hore]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalal dhowr ah oo xubno ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leeyihiin luqado kale oo la siman ama qaran ah, sida [[Somali language|Soomaaliga]], [[Afar language|Cafaariga]], [[Comorian language|Komoriga]], [[French language|Faransiiska]], [[English language|Ingiriiska]], [[Berber languages|Berber]] iyo [[Kurdish languages|Kurdiga]]. Waddamada badankoodu, waxaa jira af afka ah oo aan [[codification (linguistics)|rasmi ahayn]] oo ah [[varieties of Arabic|lahjadaha Carabiga ee la hadlo]]. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cayaaraha=== {{Main|Sport policies of the Arab League}} [[Pan-Arab Games|Cayaaraha Pan-Arab]] waxaa loo arkaa xafladda cayaareed ee ugu weyn Carabta, taas oo isu keenta ciyaartooy ka kala socota dhammaan dalalka Carabta si ay uga qaybqaataan cayaaro kala duwan oo kala duwan. [[Union of Arab Football Associations]] waxay soo qabanqaabisaa [[Arab Cup|Koobka Carabta]] (ee kooxaha qaran) iyo [[Arab Club Champions Cup|Koobka Horyaallada Kooxaha Carabta]] (ee naadiyada). Xiriirrada cayaaraha Carabta ayaa sidoo kale u jira cayaaro dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[basketball|kubadda koleyga]], [[volleyball|kubadda laliska]], [[team handball|gacanta]], [[table tennis|teniska miiska]], [[tennis|teniska]], [[Squash (sport)|skwoash]] iyo [[swimming (sport)|dabbaasha]]. ==Xusuusin== {{notelist}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|30em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons}} * {{in lang|ar}} [http://www.lasportal.org/ League of Arab States] (goobta rasmiga ah). * {{in lang|en}} [http://arableague-us.org/wp/ League of Arab States Office] in Washington D.C. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041016021558/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league.htm The League of Arab States] at [[Al-Bab.com]] * [http://www.cfr.org/middle-east/arab-league/p25967 The Arab League] at [[Council on Foreign Relations]] * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/1550797.stm Profile: Arab League], ''[[BBC News]]'', updated 9 August 2011 {{Arab League |expanded}} {{Regional organizations}} {{Countries and languages lists}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab League}} [[Category:Arab League| ]] [[Category:Pan-Arabist organizations|League]] [[Category:International organizations based in Africa]] [[Category:International organizations based in Asia]] [[Category:International organizations based in the Middle East]] [[Category:Supranational unions]] [[Category:Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Africa]] [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Asia]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cairo]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1945]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Egypt]] [[Category:1940s in Islam]] [[Category:Language-based intergovernmental organizations]] [[Category:International political organizations]] [[Category:Pan-Arab organizations]] [[Category:Politics of the Arab world]] i3i5yrxzhbr99rhcv87mb2p97946h71 306337 306336 2026-08-31T11:52:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* Xiriirinta dibadda */ Ka saaray ma ahan qayb jirta 306337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-semi|small=yes}} {{Infobox geopolitical organisation | conventional_long_name = Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta | native_name = {{unbulleted list|جامعة الدول العربية ([[Carabi]])<br />{{transliteration|engvar=gb|ar|Jāmiʿat ad-Duwal al-ʿArabiyya}}}} | linking_name = Jaamacadda Carabta | image_flag = Flag of the Arab League.svg | image_map = Member states of the Arab League (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah oo ku cagaaran madow | symbol_type = [[Calaamada Jaamacadda Carabta|Calaamad]] | image_symbol = Emblem of the Arab League.svg | admin_center = [[Qaahira]]{{efn|Laga soo bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1990, [[Tunis]].}} | admin_center_type = Xarunta | membership_type = [[Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta|Xubnaha]] | membership = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |{{flag|Algeria}} |{{flag|Bahrain}} |{{flag|Comoros}} |{{flag|Djibouti}} |{{flag|Egypt}} |{{flag|Iraq}} |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{flag|Kuwait}} |{{flag|Lebanon}} |{{flag|Libya}} |{{flag|Mauritania}} |{{flag|Morocco}} |{{flag|Oman}} |{{flag|Palestine}} |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |{{flag|Somalia}} |{{flag|Sudan}} |{{flag|Syria}} |{{flag|Tunisia}} |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |{{flag|Yemen}} }} | official_languages = [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabi]] | org_type = [[Regional organization|Urur goboleed]] | leader_title1 = [[Secretary General of the Arab League|Xoghayaha Guud]] | leader_name1 = [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit]] | leader_title2 = [[Speaker of the Arab Parliament|Gdoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Al-Yamahi]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Arab Parliament Speaker Welcomes UK Plan to Recognize Palestinian State | url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5170971-arab-parliament-speaker-welcomes-uk-plan-recognize-palestinian-state }}</ref> | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Carabta]] | established_event1 = [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] | established_date1 = 22 Maarso 1945 | established_event2 = [[Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] | established_date2 = 18 Juun 1950 | established_event3 = [[Heshiiskii Casablanca]] | established_date3 = 11 Sebtembar 1965 | established_event4 = [[Politics of the Arab League|Heshiiska Iskaashiga Garsoorka]] | established_date4 = 6 Abriil 1983 | established_event5 = [[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|Aagga Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Weyn]] | established_date5 = 2 Janaayo 2005 | area_label = Baaxadda guud | area_km2 = 13132327 | area_sq_mi = 5070420 | area_rank = Ka 2-aad | area_label2 = | area_data2 = | population_estimate = 481,233,000<ref name="IMFAPR2025">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=612,419,632,611,469,433,439,443,446,672,682,686,449,453,456,726,732,463,744,466,487,474,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LP,&sy=2010&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=IMF |access-date=11 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = Ka 3-aad | population_density_km2 = 36.64 | population_density_sq_mi = 94.91 | GDP_PPP = $9.423 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,581<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal = $3.546 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,369<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = Ka 7-aad | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | currency = {{ubl | {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Dinaarka Aljeeriya]] | {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Dinaarka Baxrayn]] | {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Farankada Comoros]] | {{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Farankada Jabuuti]] | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Paundiga Masar]] | {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Dinaarka Ciraaq]] | {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Dinaarka Urdun]] | {{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Dinaarka Kuwayt]] | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Paundiga Lubnaan]] | {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Dinaarka Liibiya]] | {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Ouguiyada Mauritania]] | {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Dirhamka Marooko]] | {{flagicon|Oman}} [[Riyaalka Cumaan]] | {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Riyaalka Qatar]] | {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyaalka Sacuudiga]] | {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Shilingiga Soomaaliga]] | {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Paundiga Suudaan]] | {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Paundiga Suuriya]] | {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Dinaarka Tuniisiya]] | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dirhamka Imaaraadka|Dirhamka Isutaga Imaaraadka Carabta]] | {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Riyaalka Yemen]]}} | time_zone = | utc_offset = +0 ilaa +4 | official_website = {{URL|http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/|leagueofarabstates.org}} }} '''Jaamacadda Carabta''' ({{langx|ar|: الجامعة العربية}}), oo si rasmi ah loo yiraahdo '''Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta''' (جامعة الدول العربية), waa [[regional organization|urur goboleed]] ka tirsan [[Arab world|Dunida Carabta]]. Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa lagu aasaasay [[Qaahira]] taariikhdu markay ahayd 22 Maarso 1945, iyadoo ay ku midoobeen bilowgii toddobo xubnood: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Emirate of Transjordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[First Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], iyo [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen Waqooyi]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Arab League|encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia|year=2013}}</ref> Hadda, Jaamaddu waxay leedahay [[member states of the Arab League|22 xubnood]], oo ay ku jiraan saddex waddan oo aan Carabi ahayn, waana [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]] iyo [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blair |first=Iain |last2=Grivna |first2=Michal |last3=Sharif |first3=Amer Ahmad |date=2014 |title=The "Arab World" is Not a Useful Concept When Addressing Challenges to Public Health, Public Health Education, and Research in the Middle East |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3988371/ |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=2 |pages=30 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00030 |doi-access=free|issn=2296-2565 |pmc=3988371 |pmid=24783189}}</ref> Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda ayaa ah "in ay sii dhoweyso xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyo in ay iskudduwo iskaashiga dhexmoodle, si loo ilaaliyo madaxbannaanidooda iyo qaranimadooda, hamigoodana loo eego si guud arrimaha iyo danaha dalalka Carabta".<ref name="yale">{{cite web|title=Pact of the League of Arab States, 22 March 1945|work=[[The Avalon Project]] |publisher=[[Yale Law School]]|year=1998|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/arableag.asp |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Ururku wuxuu taariikhdiisa oo dhan helay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=Barnett|first1=Michael|chapter=Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League|date=2007|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/crafting-cooperation/designed-to-fail-or-failure-of-design-the-origins-and-legacy-of-the-arab-league/5D266BBD41931A1E5D9CBE2266DABEBD|title=Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective|pages=180–220|editor-last=Johnston|editor-first=Alastair Iain|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511491436.006|isbn=978-0-521-69942-6|last2=Solingen|first2=Etel|editor2-last=Acharya|editor2-first=Amitav|access-date=22 December 2021|url-status=live|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hay'adaha ay leedahay, gaar ahaan [[Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization]] (ALECSO) iyo Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada ee [[Council of Arab Economic Unity]] (CAEU), Jaamacaddu waxay fududaysaa barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqaale, dhaqan, saynis, iyo bulsho ee loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo danaha Dunida Carabta.<ref>Ashish K. Vaidya, ''Globalization'' (ABC-CLIO: 2006), p. 525.</ref> Waxay u adeegtay sidii madal ay dalalka xubnaha ka ahi ugu duugi lahaayeen siyaasadda, ugu diyaarin lahaayeen daraasado iyo guddiyo la xiriira arrimaha wadajirka ah, ugu xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dowladaha, isla markaana ay ugu xaddidi lahaayeen dhibaatooyinka sida [[1958 Lebanon crisis|dhibaatadii Lubnaan ee 1958]]. Jaamacaddu waxay kaloo ahayd madal lagu qabyo-tiray oo lagu soo gabagabeeyey dukumiintiyo badan oo taariikhi ah oo dhiirrigelinaya is-dhexgalka dhaqaale. Hal tusaale waa [[Joint Arab Economic Action Charter]], oo qeexaysa mabaadi'da hawlaha dhaqaale ee gobolka. Waddan kasta oo xubin ka ahi wuxuu leeyahay hal cod oo ku dhex leh [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]], go'aanna waxaa ku waajib ah oo keliya kuwa u codeeyay. Ujeeddadii jaamacadda ee 1945 waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo oo la isku xir-xiro barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqan, dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee xubnaheeda isla markaana la dhex-dhexaadiyo khilaafaadka dhexmoodle ama kuwa iyaga iyo dhinacyada saddexaad u dhexeeya. Intaa waxaa dheer, saxiixida heshiis ku saabsan ''Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha'' 13 Abriil 1950 wuxuu ku waajibiyay saxiixayaasha inay isku duwaan tallaabooyinka difaaca milatari. Bishii Maarso 2015, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in la dhisay Ciidan Wadajir ah oo Carabi ah oo ujeedadoodu tahay in lagaga hortago xagjirnimada iyo khataraha kale ee soo wajahan Dowladaha Carabta. Go'aankaas waxaa la gaaray xilli [[Operation Decisive Storm]] ay ka sii dareysay Yemen. Ka-qaybgalka mashruucan waa mid ikhtiyaari ah, ciidankuna waxay soo farageliyaan oo keliya marka uu codsado mid ka mid ah dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Iskaashiga milatari ee horay u jiray ee u dhexeeyay dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta, dagaallada sokeeye ee gobolka, iyo khataraha argagixiso waxay ahaayeen kuwa dhaliyay dhismaha JAF.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fanack|title=The Joint Arab Force – Will It Ever Work?|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/league-arab-states/the-joint-arab-force-will-it-ever-work/|website=Fanack.com|access-date=13 July 2015}}</ref> Horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Golaha Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu soo jeediyay soo-jeedin ah in la abuuro [[Politics of the Arab League|Golayaasha Ganacsiga Wadajirka ah ee Carabta]] ee dalalka caalamiga ah dhexdiisa. Taasina waxay horseedday in la dejiyo waajibaadyo lagu dhiirrigelinayo, lagu taageerayo, loona fududeynayo ganacsiga labada dhinac ah ee u dhexeeya Dunida Carabta iyo la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga muhiimka ah. ==Taariikh== Ka dib markii la ansixiyay [[Heshiiskii Iskandariya]] sanadkii 1944, Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa la aas-aasay 22 Maarso 1945.<ref name="History">[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed Arab League formed – History.com This Day in History – 3/22/1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116041827/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/arab-league-formed |date=16 November 2018 }}.</ref> Xarunta rasmiga ah ee Jaamacaddu waxay ahayd Qasriga Boustan ee Qaahira.<ref name= Baqai>{{cite journal|author=I. H. Baqai|title=The Pan-Arab League|journal=India Quarterly|date=May 1946|volume=2|issue=2|pages=144–150|jstor=45067282|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45067282|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> Waxay u jeedday in ay noqoto urur goboleed ay leeyihiin dalalka Carabta oo diiradda saaraya horumarinta dhaqaalaha, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo isku-dubaridka ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed.<ref name= Baqai/> Waddamo kale ayaa gadaal ka soo biiray jaamacadda.<ref>[http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm HowStuffWorks "Arab League"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815225240/http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-history/arab-league.htm |date=15 August 2011 }} History.howstuffworks.com (27 February 2008). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.</ref> Waddan kasta waxaa la siiyay hal cod oo golaha dhexdiisa ah. Tallaabadii ugu weyneyd ee ugu horreysay waxay ahayd faragelin wadajir ah si looga hortago in Falastiin loo qaybiyo laba dal iyadoo la raacayo go'aankii Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Markii Urdun ay ogolaatay soo jeedintan, Masar waxay soo faragelisay si ay uga hortagto in taasi dhacdo.<ref>Avi Shlaim, ''Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine''. Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 1988; Uri Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London, Frank Cass, 1987; Joseph Nevo, King Abdullah and Palestine: A Territorial Ambition (London: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.</ref> Waxaa ku xigtay abuuritaanka heshiis difaaca wadajirka ah laba sano ka dib. Suuqa guud waxaa la dhisay 1965.<ref>Robert W. MacDonald, ''The League of Arab States: A Study in Regional Organization''. Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Princeton University Press, 1965.</ref> [[File:Arab League of states establishment - Egypt 22-3-1945.jpg|thumb|Shaambada xusuusta aasaaska Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta - Masar 22-3-1945. Muujineysa calammada 8-da waddan ee aas-aasayaasha ah: [[Kingdom of Egypt|Masar]], [[Saudi Arabia|Boqortooyada Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]], [[Second Syrian Republic|Suuriya]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]] iyo [[Palestine|Falastiin]]]] Sida uu qabo [[Michael N. Barnett|Michael Barnett]] iyo [[Etel Solingen]], Jaamacadda Carabta "waxay gaartay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah" taariikhdeeda oo dhan. Waxay sheegeen in qaab-dhismeedka Jaamacadda Carabta uu ka tarjumayo welwelka shakhsi ahaaneed ee hoggaamiyeyaasha Carabta ee ku aaddan badbaadada taliskooda: "si siyaasadeed waddaniyadda Carabta iyo aqoonsiga la wadaago waxay ku kellifeen dalalka Carabta inay qaataan hadallada midnimada Carabta si ay u sharciyeeyaan talisyadooda, isla markaana ay uga cabsadaan midnimada Carabta ficil ahaan sababtoo ah waxay ku soo rogi lahayd xannibaadyo ka waaweyn madaxbannaanidooda."<ref name=":0"/> Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa "si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay ku guuldarraysato soo saarista nooca iskaashiga iyo is-dhexgalka weyn ee daciifin lahaa hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadeed ee dalka gudihiisa."<ref name=":0"/> ==Juqraafi== {{main|Geography of the Arab world}} [[File:Arab League members colored by joining date.svg|thumb|right|Taariikhaha ay ku biireen dalalka xubnaha ka ah; Comoros (oo wareeg ku jirta) waxay ku biirtay 1993.<br />{{Color box|#f4eed7|border=darkgray}} 1940-meeyadii {{Color box|#decd87|border=darkgray}} 1950-meeyadii {{Color box|#c8ab37|border=darkgray}} 1960-meeyadii {{Color box|#786721|border=darkgray}} 1970-meeyadii]] Dalalka xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan {{convert|13000000|sqkm|abbr=on}} waxayna ku fidsan yihiin laba qaaradood: [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]]. Gobolku inta badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay lama degaan abaaran, sida [[Saxaraha Weyn]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu kaloo ka kooban yahay dhulal aad u bacrin ah sida [[Dooxada Niil]], [[Dooxada Jubba]] iyo [[Dooxada Shabeelle]] ee ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], [[Buuraha Atlas]] ee ku yaal [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], iyo [[Fertile Crescent|Bilaha Bacrin ah]] ee ku fidsan [[Mesopotamia]] iyo [[Levant]]. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay keymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer adduunka, [[Niil]]. ==Xubinnimo== {{main|Member states of the Arab League}} [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Heshiiskii Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta, waa heshiiskii aas-aasiga ahaa ee Jaamacadda Carabta. La ansixiyay 1945, wuxuu dhigayaa in "Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta ay ka koobnaan doonaan Dowladaha Carabta ee madaxbannaan ee saxiixay Axdigan."<ref name="yale"/> Sannadkii 1945, waxaa jiray toddobo xubnood,<ref name="Brittanica">{{Cite web |title=Arab League|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arab-League |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|date=26 May 2024 }}</ref> laakiin hadda Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan 10 waddan oo Afrikaan ah: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Algeria}} * {{flag|Bahrain}} * {{flag|Comoros}} * {{flag|Djibouti}} * {{flag|Egypt}} * {{flag|Iraq}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} * {{flag|Lebanon}} * {{flag|Libya}} * {{flag|Mauritania}} * {{flag|Morocco}} * {{flag|Oman}} * {{flag|Palestine}} * {{flag|Qatar}} * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} * {{flag|Somalia}} * {{flag|Sudan}} * {{flag|Syria}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} * {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} * {{flag|Yemen}} }} iyo 7 waddan oo kormeerayaal ah (fiiro gaar ah: dalalka kormeerayaasha ah ee hoose waxaa lagu casuumay inay ka qaybgalaan fadhiyada gaarka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta laakiin ma laha xuquuq codayn): {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{flag|Armenia}}<ref name="Armenia">{{cite web| title = Armenia invited as observer for Arab League| publisher = Azad Hye| date = 19 January 2005| url = http://azad-hye.blogspot.ca/2005/01/observer-status-for-armenia-in-arab.html| access-date = 20 May 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name="Brazil">{{cite web| title = Brazil must be a facilitator in the Middle East, says VP| date = 14 August 2019| publisher = Brazil-Arab News Agency| url = https://anba.com.br/en/brazil-must-be-a-facilitator-in-the-middle-east-says-vp| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="Chad">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/4/29/chad-to-join-arab-league-as-observer|title=Chad to join Arab League as observer|date=29 April 2005|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Eritrea}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/25874/nile-dam-still-raging-despite-global-pause-for-covid-19/|title=Nile dam still raging, despite global pause for COVID-19|website=The Africa Report|date=8 April 2020|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Greece}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2021/07/12/greece-observer-arab-league/|title=Greece to become observer member of the Arab League|website=www.greekcitytimes.com|date=12 July 2021 |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> * {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/india-and-the-arab-league-walking-the-trade-talk/|title=India and the Arab League: Walking the Trade Talk|website=thediplomat.com|date=21 December 2014|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> * {{flag|Venezuela}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/30/world/meast/arab-league-fast-facts/index.html|title=Arab League Fast Facts|website=CNN|date=30 July 2013|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref> }} === Hakinta xubinnimada === [[Egypt|Masar]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda Jaamacadda Carabta 26 Maarso 1979 sabab la xiriirta [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|Heshiiskii nabadda ee Masar iyo Israa'iil]], iyadoo xarunta Jaamacaddu ay ka soo guurtay Qaahira oo ay u aadday [[Tunis]], Tuniisiya. Sannadkii 1987, dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay dib u soo celiyeen xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ee ay la lahaayeen Masar, dalkuna wuxuu dib ugu biiray Jaamacadda bishii May 1989, xarunta Jaamacaddana waxaa loo soo celiyay Qaahira bishii Sebtembar 1990.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2008 |title=Timeline: Arab League |publisher=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1550977.stm |access-date=30 November 2009}}</ref> [[Libya]] xubinnimadeeda waa la hakinay 22 Febraayo 2011, ka dib markii uu qarxay [[first Libyan civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Libyan kowaad]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4032530,00.html | title= Libya suspended from Arab League sessions | website= Ynetnews.com | date= 2011-02-22 | access-date= 2014-04-28}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u codeysay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Libya 27 Agoosto 2011 iyadoo aqoonsatay wakiil ka socda [[National Transitional Council|Golaha Kala-guurka Qaranka]], oo ahaa dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee dalkaas qayb ahaan aqoonsiga haysatay.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rttnews.com/Content/GeneralNews.aspx?Id=1700187&SM=1 |work= RTT News |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=25 August 2011 |title=Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council}}</ref> [[Syria|Suuriya]] waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda 16 Nofeembar 2011 ka dib markii uu qarxay [[Syrian civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Suuriya]]. 6 Maarso 2013, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay kursigii Suuriya ee Jaamacadda siisay [[Syrian National Coalition|Isbahaysiga Qaran ee Suuriya]], oo ahaa kooxda mucaaradka ah ee ugu weyn [[Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad|mucaaradka Suuriya]].<ref name="syriannationalcoalition">{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/26/syrian-opposition-appeals-nato-support|title= Syrian opposition takes Arab League seat|first= Ian|last= Black|work= The Guardian|date= 26 March 2013|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> 9 Maarso 2014, xoghayaha guud [[Nabil Elaraby]] wuxuu sheegay in kursiga Suuriya uu ahaan doono mid banneyn ilaa inta mucaaradku ka dhammaystiranayaan dhismaha hay'adahooda.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-09/249749-syria-opposition-not-yet-ready-for-arab-league-seat.ashx|title= Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'|work= The Daily Star Newspaper|place= Lebanon|access-date= 20 November 2014}}</ref> Sannadkii 2021, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday geeddi-socod caadi-yareyn ah oo u dhexeeya [[Ba'athist Syria|dowladda Ba'athist-ka Suuriya]] iyo waddamada kale ee Carabta.<ref>[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ "Saudi Arabia: Talks underway on Syria's return to Arab League"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315152236/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230308-saudi-arabia-talks-underway-on-syrias-return-to-arab-league/ |date=15 March 2023 }} ''middleeastmonitor''. Accessed 25 March 2023.</ref> 7 Maajo 2023, shirka [[Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta]] ee ka dhacay Qaahira, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Suuriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/05/07/Arab-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-Syria-s-return-to-Arab-League-Sudan-conflict|title=Arab foreign ministers agree to readmit Syria to the Arab League|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=7 May 2023|access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> ==Siyaasadda iyo maamulka== {{main|Politics of the Arab League}} {{see also|Charter of the Arab League|Council of the Arab League|Arab Parliament|Foreign relations of the Arab League}} [[File:Arab Leage HQ 977.PNG|thumb|Xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta, [[Qaahira]].]] [[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb| {{legend|#cdcd9c|Aqoonsiga labada [[Israel|Israa'iil]] iyo Dawladda Falastiin}} {{legend|#FF4500|Aqoonsiga Dawladda Falastiin keliya}}]] Jaamacadda Carabta waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu caawiyo is-dhexgalka dhaqaale ee xubnaheeda, iyo in uu xalliyo khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyadoon la weydiisan gargaar dibadda ah. Waxay leedahay qaybo ka mid ah baarlamaan metela dawladaha halka arrimaha dibaddana inta badan lagu maamulo kormeerka Qaramada Midoobay hoosteeda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D36214%26URL_DO%3DDO_PRINTPAGE%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html|title=The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALESCO)|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> [[Charter of the Arab League|Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta]] wuxuu ansixiyay mabda'a [[Pan-Arabism|qaran-qaranimada Carabta]] iyadoo la ixtiraamayo [[sovereignty|madaxbannaanida]] dalalka xubnaha shakhsi ahaaneed. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda iyo guddiyada waxaa lagu heshiiyay Oktoobar 1951. Kuwa Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku saleysnaa laba-jibaarka hay'adaha sare ee gobolka iyo madaxbannaanida dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta qaranimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay xooggeeda ka soo qaadaneysaa dookha dabiiciga ah ee eliska taliska si ay u ilaashadaan awooddooda iyo madaxbannaanidooda go'aan-qaadasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Arab Cold War|mucaaradka u dhexeeya madaxda Carabta]], iyo saameynta awoodaha dibadda ee ka soo horjeesan kara midnimada Carabta waxaa loo arki karaa caqabado hortaagan is-dhexgal qoto dheer oo jaamacadda ah. Iyagoo maanka ku haya ku dhawaaqidoodii hore ee ay ku taageerayeen [[Arabs|Carabta]] [[Palestine|Falastiin]], aasaasayaashii Axdiga waxay go'aansadeen inay ku daraan gudaha Jaamacadda tan iyo bilowgii.<ref name=geddes>Geddes, 1991, p. 208.</ref> Taasi waxaa lagu sameeyay lifaaq caddaynaya:<ref name="yale"/> {{cquote|In kasta oo Falastiin aysan awood u lahayn in ay maamusho qaddarkeeda, haddana waxay ahayd saldhigga aqoonsiga madaxbannaanideeda in Axdiga Golaha Qarammada Midoobay uu u go'aamiyay nidaam dowladeed iyada. Sida darteed, jiritaankeeda iyo madaxbannaanideeda ka dhexaysa quruumaha lagama su'aali karo ''de jure'' in ka badan madaxbannaanida mid ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Carabta. [...] Sida darteed, Dowladaha saxiixay Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qabaan in marka la eego xaaladaha gaarka ah ee Falastiin, Golaha Jaamacadda uu u magacaabo wakiil Carabi ah oo ka socda Falastiin si uu uga qaybqaato shaqadeeda ilaa dalkan uu ka helayo madaxbannaanida dhabta ah}} Bishii Sebtembar 1963, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u magacowday [[Ahmad Shukeiri]] Wakiilka Falastiin ee Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Har-El |first=Shai |title=China and the Palestinian Organizations: 1964–1971 |date=2024 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3-031-57827-4}}</ref> Shir-madaxeedkii Qaahira ee 1964, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday abuuritaanka urur metela dadka Falastiin. [[Palestinian National Council|Golaha Qaranka ee Falastiin]] ee ugu horreeyay wuxuu ku shiray [[East Jerusalem|Quddusbari]] 29 May 1964. [[Palestine Liberation Organization|Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin]] waxaa la aas-aasay intii uu socday shirkan 2 Juun 1964. Falastiin waxaa si dhakhso ah loogu aqbalay Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo ay matalayso PLO. Maanta, [[State of Palestine|Dawladda Falastiin]] waa xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta. Shir-madaxeedkii [[Beirut Summit|Beeruut]] ee 28 Maarso 2002, jaamacaddu waxay ansixisay [[Arab Peace Initiative|Hindisaha Nabadda ee Carabta]], oo ah qorshe nabadeed oo uu dhiirrigeliyay Sacuudigu oo ku aaddan [[Arab–Israeli conflict|khilaafka Carabta iyo Israa'iil]]. Hindisuhu wuxuu soo bandhigay caadi-yareyn buuxda oo ku saabsan xiriirka [[Israel|Israa'iil]]. Taas beddelkeedana, Israa'iil waxaa laga rabaa inay ka baxdo dhammaan [[Israeli-occupied territories|dhulka la haysto]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Golan Heights]], inay aqoonsato madaxbannaanida Falastiin ee [[West Bank|Daanta Galbeed]] iyo [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda, iyo sidoo kale "xal caddaalad ah" oo loo helo [[Palestinian refugees|qaxootiga Falastiin]]. Hindisaha Nabadda waxaa dib loogu taageeray 2007 Shir-madaxeedkii Riyadh. Bishii Luulyo 2007, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u dirtay ergo ka koobnayd wasiirrada arrimaha dibadda ee [[Jordan|Urdun]] iyo [[Egypt|Masar]] oo tagtay Israa'iil si ay u dhiirrigeliyaan hindisaha. Ka dib tallaabadii [[Venezuela]] ay ku cayrisay diblomaasiyiinta Israa'iil intii uu socday [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict|dagaalkii Gaza ee 2008-2009]], xildhibaanka Kuwayt [[Waleed Al-Tabtabaie]] wuxuu soo jeediyay in xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta loo raro [[Caracas, Venezuela|Caracas]], [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-13536--12-12--.html|title=Kuwaiti MP calls to move Arab league to Venezuela|access-date=16 January 2009|date=15 January 2009|work=AFP, via CaribbeanNetNews}}</ref> 13 Juun 2010, Amr Mohammed Moussa, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta, wuxuu booqday [[Gaza Strip|Marinka Gaza]], taas oo ahayd booqashadii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta tan iyo markii Hamas ay la wareegtay gacan-ku-haynta hubaysan 2007. Jaamacadda Carabta waa xubin ka tirsan [[China-Arab States Cooperation Forum]] (CASCF), oo la aas-aasay 2004. CASCF waa ka-qaybgalkii ugu horreeyay ee Jaamacadda Carabta ee madal iskaashi oo ay la leedahay waddan ama gobol kale.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=58}}</ref> CASCF waa hab-maamuleedka isku-dubaridka dhinacyada badan ee u dhexeeya dalalka Carabta iyo Shiinaha, waxaana gudaha CASCF Jaamacadda Carabta ay ku matashaa dalalkeeda xubnaha ka ah sidii xoog isku midaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=57}}</ref> Isku-dubaridka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u oggolaaneysaa dalalka Carabta inay si firfircoon ula xaajoodaan mashaariicda wadajirka ah ee ay ku jiraan dhowr waddan, sida mashaariicda tareennada, mashaariicda tamarta nukliyeerka, iyo hindisayaasha Badda Dhimatay.<ref name=":1" /> Sannadkii 2015, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|faragelinta milatari ee uu hoggaaminayo Sacuudiga ee Yemen]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Zaidiyyah|Xuutiyiinta Shiicada ah]] iyo ciidamada daacadda u ah Madaxweynihii hore [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]], oo xukunka looga tuuray [[Yemeni Revolution|kacaankii 2011]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-joint-arab-military-force-20150329-story.html|agency=Los Angeles Times|title=Arab League's joint military force is a 'defining moment' for region|date=29 March 2015|first1=Christina|last1=Boyle|first2=Zaid|last2=al-Alayaa|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> 15 Abriil 2018, iyaga oo uga jawaabaya [[Operation Olive Branch|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyiga Suuriya]] ee ujeeddadiisu ahayd in lagu ceyriyo [[People's Protection Units|Kurdida Suuriya]] ee ay taageerto Maraykanka magaalada [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]], Jaamacadda Carabta waxay meel marisay qaraar ugu baaqaya ciidamada Turkiga inay ka baxaan Afrin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey slams Arab League resolution on Afrin operation|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkey-slams-arab-league-resolution-on-afrin-operation-3329296|publisher=Yeni Safak|date=18 April 2018|access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref> Bishii Sebtembar 2019, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay cambaaraysay qorshaha [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] ee ah inuu [[Annexation|la wareego]] qaybta bariga ee Daanta Galbeed ee la haysto ee loo yaqaanno [[Jordan Valley|Dooxada Urdun]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Arab nations condemn Netanyahu's Jordan Valley annexation plan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49657915 |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta waxay ku kulantay Qaahira 12 Oktoober 2019 si ay uga wada hadlaan [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyi-bari Suuriya]]. Markii ay kulmeen, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay u codeeyeen inay cambaaraan duullaanka Turkiga, iyagoo ku tilmaamay labadaba 'duulaan' iyo 'gardarro' ka dhan ah waddan Carabi ah, waxayna ku dareen in ururku u arko mid xadgudub ku ah sharciga caalamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arableague-turkey-syria-idUSKBN1WR0C9|title=Turkey's Syria offensive an 'invasion': Arab League secretary general|date=2019-10-12|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> 9 Sebtembar 2020, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay diiday inay cambaarayso go'aanka [[United Arab Emirates|Imaaraadka Carabta]] ee ahaa inuu [[Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement|caadi ka dhigo xiriirka uu la leeyahay Israa'iil]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "ujeeddada ay dalalkeenna Carabta oo dhan raadinayaan, marka laga reebo midna, waa in la soo afjaro shaqaysiga lana aasaaso dawlad Falastiin oo madaxbannaan oo ku salaysan xuduudihii 1967 iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda," ayuu yiri [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit|Aboul Gheit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/arab-league-ministers-agree-condemn-uae-israel-deal-200909141524785.html|title=Arab League: Ministers agree not to condemn UAE-Israel deal|date=September 9, 2020|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> Janaayo 2024, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|dacwadda xasuuqa ee Koonfur Afrika ay u gudbisay Maxkamadda ICJ]] ee ka dhanka ah Israa'iil.<ref>{{cite news |title=Genocide case against Israel: Where does the rest of the world stand on the momentous allegations? |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515627.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=13 January 2024}}</ref> ==Liiska shir-madaxedyada== [[File:Arab League Summit Logo.png|right|thumb|Calaamada [[Arab League Summit 2013|Shir-madaxeedka Jaamacadda Carabta 2013]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|1]] || data-sort-value="1964-01-13" | 13–17 Janaayo 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1964 Arab League summit (Alexandria)|2]] || data-sort-value="1964-09-05" | 5–11 Sebtembar 1964 || {{flag|United Arab Republic}} ||[[Iskandariya]] |- | [[1965 Arab League summit|3]] || data-sort-value="1965-09-13" | 13–17 Sebtembar 1965 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1967 Arab League summit|4]] || data-sort-value="1967-08-29" | 29 Agoosto 1967 || {{flag|Sudan|1956}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[1968 Arab League summit|5]] || data-sort-value="1969-12-21" | 21–23 Diseembar 1969 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1973 Arab League summit|6]] || data-sort-value="1973-11-26" | 26–28 Nofeembar 1973 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1974 Arab League summit|7]] || data-sort-value="1974-10-29" | 29 Oktoober 1974 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Rabat]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Cairo)|8]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-25" | 25–26 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Egypt|1972}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[1978 Arab League summit|9]] || data-sort-value="1978-11-02" | 2–5 Nofeembar 1978 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1979 Arab League summit|10]] || data-sort-value="1979-11-20" | 20–22 Nofeembar 1979 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[1980 Arab League summit|11]] || data-sort-value="1980-11-21" | 21–22 Nofeembar 1980 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1982 Arab League summit|12]] || data-sort-value="1982-09-06" | 6–9 Sebtembar 1982 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Fez, Morocco|Fes]] |- | [[1985 Arab League summit|13]] || 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1987 Arab League summit|14]] || 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[1988 Arab League summit|15]] || data-sort-value="1988" | Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[1989 Arab League summit|16]] || 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} ||[[Casablanca]] |- | [[1990 Arab League summit|17]] || 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[1996 Arab League summit|18]] || 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Qaahira]] |- | [[2001 Arab League summit|19]] || data-sort-value="2001-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2001 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]] |- | [[2002 Arab League summit|20]] || data-sort-value="2002-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2002 || {{flag|Lebanon}} ||[[Beirut]] |- | [[2003 Arab League summit|21]] || data-sort-value="2003-03-01" | 1 Maarso 2003 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm el-Sheikh]] |- | [[2004 Arab League summit|22]] || data-sort-value="2004-05-22" | 22–23 Maajo 2004 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]] |- | [[2005 Arab League summit|23]] || data-sort-value="2005-03-22" | 22–23 Maarso 2005 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2006 Arab League summit|24]] || data-sort-value="2006-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2006 || {{flag|Sudan}} ||[[Khartoum]] |- | [[2007 Arab League summit|25]] || data-sort-value="2007-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2007 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Riyadh]] |- | [[2008 Arab League summit|26]] || data-sort-value="2008-03-29" | 29–30 Maarso 2008 || {{flag|Ba'athist Syria|1980|name=Syria}}||[[Damascus]] |- | [[2009 Arab League summit|27]] || data-sort-value="2009-03-28" | 28–30 Maarso 2009 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]] |- | [[2010 Arab League summit|28]] || data-sort-value="2010-03-27" | 27–28 Maarso 2010 || {{flag|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977|name=Libya}}||[[Sirte]] |- | [[2012 Arab League summit|29]] || data-sort-value="2012-03-27" | 27–29 Maarso 2012 || {{flag|Iraq}} ||[[Baghdad]] |- | [[2013 Arab League summit|30]] || data-sort-value="2013-03-21" | 21–27 Maarso 2013 || {{flag|Qatar}} ||[[Doha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab League Summit 2013|url=http://qatarconferences.org/arableaguesummit2013/|access-date=2023-02-10|website=qatarconferences.org}}</ref> |- | [[2014 Arab League summit|31]] || data-sort-value="2014-03-25" | 25–26 Maarso 2014 || {{flag|Kuwait}} ||[[Kuwait City]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mater|first=Jassim|title=Summit hit by new rifts|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2014/3/23/arab-league-summit-hit-by-new-rifts|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2015 Arab League summit|32]] || data-sort-value="2015-03-28" | 28–29 Maarso 2015 || {{flag|Egypt}} ||[[Sharm El Sheikh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opposition fail to get Syria Arab League seat|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/3/27/opposition-fail-to-get-syria-arab-league-seat|access-date=2023-02-10|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | [[2016 Arab League summit|33]] || data-sort-value="2016-07-20" | 20 Luulyo 2016 || {{flag|Mauritania|1959}} ||[[Nouakchott]] |- | [[2017 Arab League summit|34]] || data-sort-value="2017-03-23" | 23–29 Maarso 2017 || {{flag|Jordan}} ||[[Amman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/2016/11/02/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3.html|title=الأردن يستضيف القمة العربية في مارس|website=www.alarabiya.net|date=November 2016|access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> |- | [[2018 Arab League summit|35]] || data-sort-value="2018-04-15" | 15 Abriil 2018 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Dhahran]] |- | [[2019 Arab League summit|36]] || data-sort-value="2019-03-31" | 31 Maarso 2019 || {{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunis]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/47928/Tunisia-to-host-next-Arab-summit|title=Tunisia to host next Arab summit|website=EgyptToday|date=15 April 2018|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> |- | [[2022 Arab League summit|37]] || data-sort-value="2022-11-01" | 1 Nofeembar 2022 || {{flag|Algeria}} ||[[Algiers]] |- | [[2023 Arab League summit|38]] || data-sort-value="2023-05-19" | 19 Maajo 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ||[[Jeddah]] |- | [[2024 Arab League summit|39]] || data-sort-value="2024-05-16" | 16 Maajo 2024 || {{flag|Bahrain}} ||[[Manama]] |- | [[2025 Arab League summit|40]] | data-sort-value="2025-05-17" | 17 Maajo 2025 | {{flag|Iraq}} | [[Baghdad]] |} ===Shir-madaxedyada degdegga ah=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tirada !! Taariikhda !! Waddanka martigelinaya !! Magaalada martigelinaysa |- | [[1970 Arab League summit|1]] || data-sort-value="1970-09-21" | 21–27 Sebtembar 1970 || {{flag|United Arab Republic|1958}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | [[1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)|2]] || data-sort-value="1976-10-17" | 17–28 Oktoober 1976 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 3 || data-sort-value="1985-09-07" | 7–9 Sebtembar 1985 || {{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Casablanca]] |- | 4 || data-sort-value="1987-11-08" | 8–12 Nofeembar 1987 || {{flag|Jordan}} || [[Amman]] |- | 5 || data-sort-value="1988-06-07" | 7–9 Juun 1988 || {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Algiers]] |- | 6 || data-sort-value="1989-06-23" | 23–26 Juun 1989 || {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Casablanca]] |- | 7 || data-sort-value="1990-05-28" | 28–30 Maajo 1990 || {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}} || [[Baghdad]] |- | 8 || data-sort-value="1990-08-09" | 9–10 Agoosto 1990 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 9 || data-sort-value="1996-06-22" | 22–23 Juun 1996 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 10 || data-sort-value="2000-10-21" | 21–22 Oktoober 2000 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- | 11 || data-sort-value="2016-01-07" | 7 Janaayo 2016 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | [[2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit|12]] || data-sort-value="2023-11-11" | 11 Nofeembar 2023 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Riyadh]] |- | 13 || data-sort-value="2025-03-04" | 4 Maarso 2025 || {{flag|Egypt}} || [[Qaahira]] |- |} {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * Labada shir-madaxeed laguma darin nidaamka shir-madaxedyada Jaamacadda Carabta: ** [[Anshas]], Masar: 28–29 Maajo 1946. ** Beirut, Lubnaan: 13 – 15 Nofeembar 1958. * Shir-madaxeedkii 12aad ee Fes, Morocco, wuxuu dhacay laba marxaladood: ** 25 Nofeembar 1981: Kulankii 5-ta saacadood ahaa wuxuu ku dhammaaday adigoon wax heshiis ah laga gaarin dukumiintiga. ** 6–9 Sebtembar 1982. {{colend}} ==Milatari== {{Main|Military of the Arab League}} Golaha Difaaca Wadajirka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa mid ka mid ah [[Institutions of the Arab League|Hay'adaha Jaamacadda Carabta]].<ref name="ABC-CLIO">{{cite web|title=Arab-Israeli Wars: 60 Years of Conflict|url=http://www.historyandtheheadlines.abc-clio.com/ContentPages/ContentPage.aspx?entryId=1281297|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Waxaa la aas-aasay hoos imaanaya shuruudaha [[Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty|Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha]] ee 1950 si loo isku dubarido [[Collective security|difaaca wadajirka ah]] ee [[Member states of the Arab League|dalalka xubnaha ka ah]] Jaamacadda Carabta.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Osmańczyk|first=Edmund Jan|author-link=Edmund Osmańczyk|chapter=League of Arab States|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Anthony|volume=2|edition=3|page=1290|place=New York|publisher=Routledge|year=2003}}</ref> Jaamacadda Carabta ahaan urur ahaan ma laha ciidan milatari, si la mid ah Qaramada Midoobay, laakiin shir-madaxeedkii 2007, hoggaamiyeyaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay dejiyaan siyaasadooda difaaca wadajirka ah ayna dhistaan ciidan nabad ilaalin ah oo la geeyo koonfurta Lubnaan, Darfur, Ciraaq, iyo meelaha kale ee kulul. Shir-madaxeedkii 2015 ee ka dhacay Masar, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ku heshiiyeen mabda' ahaan inay dhistaan ciidan milatari oo wadajir ah.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-arabs-communique-idUSL6N0WV03T20150329|title=Arab summit agrees on unified military force for crises|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2015|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> ==Khayraadka dhaqaalaha== {{Main|Economy of the Arab League}} {{See also|List of countries by GDP (PPP)|List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita}} Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qani ku tahay khayraadka, sida [[oil|shidaalka]] baaxadda leh iyo kheyraadka [[natural gas|gaaska dabiiciga ah]] ee ku jira dalal qaar oo xubno ka ah. Guulaha dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Jaamacaddu ee dhexmaray dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan sidaas u xoog badnayn marka loo eego kuwa ay gaareen ururada Carabta ee ka yar sida [[Gulf Cooperation Council|Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka]] (GCC).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN2041155720081120|title=Reuters.com|work=Reuters|date=20 November 2008|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Waxaa ka mid ah [[Arab Gas Pipeline|Dhuumaha Gaaska Carabta]], oo qaadi doona gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq oo la gayn doono Urdun, Suuriya, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo xagga dhaqaalaha ah oo u dhexeeya dalalka shidaalka leh ee horumaray ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[UAE]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Djibouti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]] iyo [[Yemen]]. [[File:OAPEC Members.png|thumb|right|Xubnaha [[OAPEC]]]] Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kaloo ku jira dhulal aad u bacrin ah oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Sudan]]. Waxaa loogu yeeraa dambiisha cuntada ee [[Arab World|Dunida Carabta]], iyadoo aanay xasillooni-darridda gobolka oo ay ku jirto madaxbannaanida [[South Sudan]] aysan saameyn ku yeelan warshadeeda [[tourism|dalxiiska]], taas oo loo arko warshadaha ugu koboca degdeg badan gobolka, iyadoo [[Egypt]], [[UAE]], [[Lebanon]], [[Tunisia]], iyo [[Jordan]] ay hormuud ka yihiin. Warshad kale oo si xawli ah uga kobeysa Jaamacadda Carabta waa isgaarsiinta. Guulaha dhaqaale ee dhexmaray xubnaha waxay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya taariikhda jaamacadda, ururada kale ee Carabta ee ka yar ayaa gaaray waxyaabo ka badan intii ay jaamacaddu gaartay, sida [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]], laakiin dhawaanahan dhowr mashruuc oo dhaqaale oo waaweyn oo ballanqaad leh ayaa la dhammaystirayaa, dhuumaha gaaska Carabta ayaa la filayaa inay dhammaadaan 2010, iyagoo ku xiraya Gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq Urdun, Suuriya iyo Lubnaan, ka dibna Turkiga sidaasna Yurub, heshiis ganacsi xor ah ([[Greater Arab Free Trade Area|GAFTA]]) ayaa la dhammaystiray 1 January 2008, taasoo ka dhigtay 95% dhammaan alaabta Carabta kuwo canshuur la'aan ah oo caado ah. ===Gaadiidka=== Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, iyadoo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyo [[Near East|Bariga Dhexe]] ay gebi ahaanba isku xiran yihiin dhanka hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareennada. Qayb kale oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda waa [[Nile Valley|Dooxada Niil]], oo ka kooban [[Egypt|Masar]] iyo [[Sudan|Suudaan]]. Labadan waddan ee xubnaha ka ah waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan nidaamka navigation-ka ee Webiga Niil si loo hagaajiyo helitaanka sidaas kalena loo dhiirrigeliyo ganacsiga. Nidaam cusub oo tareen ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfureed ee Masar ee [[Abu Simbel]] magaalada waqooyiga Suudaan ee [[Wadi Halfa]] ka dibna [[Khartoum]] iyo [[Port Sudan]]. Qaybta saddexaad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Maghreb|Waddammada Maghribka]], halkaas oo dherer gaaraya 3,000 km oo tareen ah uu ka socdo magaalooyinka koonfureed ee [[Morocco]] ilaa [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] ee galbeedka [[Libya]]. Qaybta afraad ee Jaamacadda waa [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], oo ay xubnaheeda ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]. Labadan waddan ee Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kala soocaya oo keliya toban mayl oo badda ah Gacanka Carabta oo ay dhex marto [[Bab el Mandeb]], taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu beddelaysaa maadaama Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalka [[Osama bin Laden]], uu bilaabay dhismaha mashruuca hмиisada leh ee [[Bridge of the Horns]], kaas oo ujeeddadiisu tahay inuu ku xiro [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]] iyo [[Arabian Peninsula|Gacanka Carabta]] iyada oo la marinayo buundo weyn. Mashruucu waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo isu-socodka qarniyada soo jireenka ah ee u dhexeeya labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee Jaamacadda waa jasiiradaha go'doomiyey ee [[Comoros]] ee ku yaal xeebta [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]], oo aan si jireed ugu xirnayn waddan kale oo Carabi ah, laakiin weli la ganacsada xubnaha kale ee Jaamacadda Carabta. ==Akhris-qoraalka == {{main|List of countries by literacy rate}} Ururinta xogta akhris-qoraalka, dalal badan ayaa qiyaasa tirada dadka wax akhriya oo qora iyagoo ku saleynaya xog ay soo sheegeen shaqsiyaadkooda. Qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan xogta heerka waxbarasho sidii tilmaame, laakiin cabbiraadaha soo-xairashada dugiska ama dhameystirka fasalka waa ay kala duwanaan karaan. Sababtoo ah qeexitaannada iyo hababka ururinta xogta waa ay ku kala duwan yihiin dalalka, qiyaasta akhris-qoraalka waa in si taxaddar leh loo isticmaalo. [[United Nations Development Programme]], [[Human Development Report]] 2010. Gobolka [[Persian Gulf|Khaliijka Carabta]] wuxuu yeeshay [[oil boom|barwaaqo shidaal]], taasoo sahlaysa in la dhiso dugsiyo iyo jaamacado badan. {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Heerka [[Literacy|akhris-qoraalka]] (%) |- | 1 || {{flag|Qatar}} || 97.3<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|date=2007-06-13|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Literacy|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html|access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> |- | 2 || {{flag|Palestine}} || 96.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 3 || {{flag|Kuwait}} || 96.3<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 4 || {{flag|Bahrain}} || 95.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 5 || {{flag|Jordan}} || 95.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 6 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 94.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 7 || {{flag|Lebanon}} || 93.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 8 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 93.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 9 || {{flag|Oman}} || 91.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 10 || {{flag|Libya}} || 91<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 11 || {{flag|Syria}} || 86.4<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 12 || {{flag|Iraq}} || 85.7<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 13 || {{flag|Tunisia}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 14 || {{flag|Comoros}} || 81.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 15 || {{flag|Algeria}} || 80.2<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 16 || {{flag|Sudan}} || 75.9<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 17 || {{flag|Egypt}} || 73.8<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 18 || {{flag|Yemen}} || 70.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 19 || {{flag|Djibouti}} || 70.0<ref name="Pcaotw">{{cite book|last=DK Publishing|title=Compact Atlas of the World|date=2012|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0756698591|page=138|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC|access-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> |- | 20 || {{flag|Morocco}} || 68.5<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 21 || {{flag|Mauritania}} || 52.1<ref name="cia.gov"/> |- | 22 || {{flag|Somalia}} || 44–72<ref>{{cite web|title=Family Ties: Remittances and Livelihoods Support in Puntland and Somaliland|url=http://www.fsnau.org/downloads/Remittances-and-Livelihoods-Support-in-Puntland-and-Somaliland.pdf#6|publisher=FSNAU|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> |- |} ==Dadweynaha== {{main|Demographics of the Arab world}} Halka [[Arabs|Carabtu]] ay ka yihiin inta badan dadka ku nool Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo [[Egyptians|Masriyiinta]] ay ka dhiganyihiin dadweynaha ugu badan ee kooxdan gudaheeda ah, haddana gobolku wuxuu kaloo hoy u yahay kooxo kale oo qowmiyaddu gooni u ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Berbers|Berber-ka]], [[Kurds|Kurdida]], [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrianka]], [[Armenians|Armiinika]], [[Nubians|Nubiyaanka]], [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]], iyo [[Circassians|Cherkes-ka]]. Koox kasta oo ka mid ah kooxahan waxay leedahay dhaqan, luqad, iyo caadooyin u gaar ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1 Luulyo 2013, ku dhowaad 359 milyan oo qof ayaa ku nool dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. Tirada dadkeedu waxay si dhaqso leh uga koraysaa inta badan gobollada kale ee caalamka. Waddanka xubinta ka ah ee dadkiisu badanyahay waa [[Egypt|Masar]], oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100 milyan oo qof.<ref name="Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics">{{cite web |title=Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> Kan ugu yar dadweyne ahaan waa [[Comoros]], oo leh qiyaastii 850,000 oo qof. {| style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;" class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Qiimaha !! Waddanka !! Tirada Dadka !! Cufnaanta (/km<sup>2</sup>) !! Cufnaanta (sq mi) !! Xusuusin |- | 1 || align=left|{{flag|Egypt}} || 109,450,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 109450000 / 1001449 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 2 || align=left|{{flag|Sudan}} || 50,418,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 50418000 / 1886068 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 3 || align=left|{{flag|Algeria}} || 47,251,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 47251000 / 2381741 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 4 || align=left|{{flag|Iraq}} || 45,521,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 45521000 / 446550 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 5 || align=left|{{flag|Yemen}} || 41,774,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 41774000 / 527968 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 6 || align=left|{{flag|Morocco}} || 37,712,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 37712000 / 438317 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 7 || align=left|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 36,006,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 36006000 / 2149690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 8 || align=left|{{flag|Syria}} || 21,393,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 21393000 / 185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2010<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 9 || align=left|{{flag|Somalia}} || 16,963,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 16963000 / 637657 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 10 || align=left|{{flag|Tunisia}} || 12,432,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 12432000 / 163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 11 || align=left|{{flag|Jordan}} || 11,442,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11442000 / 89342 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 12 || align=left|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 11,083,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 11083000 / 83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 13 || align=left|{{flag|Libya}} || 6,982,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 6982000 / 1789540 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 14 || align=left|{{flag|Oman}} || 5,502,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5502000 / 309500 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 15 || align=left|{{flag|Palestine}} || 5,477,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5477000 / 6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2023<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 16 || align=left|{{flag|Lebanon}} || 5,354,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5354000 / 10452 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2024<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 17 || align=left|{{flag|Kuwait}} || 5,112,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 5112000 / 17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 18 || align=left|{{flag|Mauritania}} || 4,629,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 4629000 / 1025520 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 19 || align=left|{{flag|Qatar}} || 3,109,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 3109000 / 11000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 20 || align=left|{{flag|Bahrain}} || 1,657,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1657000 / 750 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 21 || align=left|{{flag|Djibouti}} || 1,056,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 1056000 / 23200 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- | 22 || align=left|{{flag|Comoros}} || 910,000 || {{convert|{{#expr: 910000 / 2235 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} || align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |- |- class="sortbottom" | '''Wadarta''' || align=left|{{flag|Arab League}} || ''' 481,233,000 ''' || '''{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}''' || '''{{convert|{{#expr: 481233000 / 13181059 round 1}}|/km2|/sqmi|1|disp=output number only}}''' | align=left|2025<ref name="IMFAPR2025" /> |} ===Diinta=== Inta badan muwaadiniinta Jaamacadda Carabta waxay raacaan diinta [[Islam|Islaamka]], iyadoo [[Christianity|Masiixiyaddu]] ay tahay diinta labaad ee ugu weyn. Ugu yaraan 15 milyan oo Masiixiyiin ah ayaa wadajir ugu nool [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Iraq|Ciraaq]], [[Jordan|Urdun]], [[Lebanon|Lubnaan]], [[Palestine|Falastiin]], [[Sudan|Suudaan]] iyo [[Syria|Suuriya]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira tirooyin yar laakiin muhiim ah oo ka tirsan [[Druze|Durzi]], [[Yazidis|Yasiidiyiin]], [[Shabak people|Shabak]] iyo [[Mandaeans|Mandaan-ka]]. Tirada [[Arabs|Carabta]] aan diinta haysta (aan diin lahayn) guud ahaan la heli maayo, laakiin cilmi-baarista ay samaysay [[Pew Forum]] waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ku dhowaad 1% dadka ku nool gobolka [[MENA]] ay yihiin kuwa aan diin lahayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/04/04/global-religious-diversity/|title=Religious Diversity Around The World|date=4 April 2014|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=9 September 2014}}</ref> ===Luqadaha=== Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa [[Modern Standard Arabic|Carabiga Suugaanta ah]], oo ku salaysan [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Hore]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalal dhowr ah oo xubno ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leeyihiin luqado kale oo la siman ama qaran ah, sida [[Somali language|Soomaaliga]], [[Afar language|Cafaariga]], [[Comorian language|Komoriga]], [[French language|Faransiiska]], [[English language|Ingiriiska]], [[Berber languages|Berber]] iyo [[Kurdish languages|Kurdiga]]. Waddamada badankoodu, waxaa jira af afka ah oo aan [[codification (linguistics)|rasmi ahayn]] oo ah [[varieties of Arabic|lahjadaha Carabiga ee la hadlo]]. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cayaaraha=== {{Main|Sport policies of the Arab League}} [[Pan-Arab Games|Cayaaraha Pan-Arab]] waxaa loo arkaa xafladda cayaareed ee ugu weyn Carabta, taas oo isu keenta ciyaartooy ka kala socota dhammaan dalalka Carabta si ay uga qaybqaataan cayaaro kala duwan oo kala duwan. [[Union of Arab Football Associations]] waxay soo qabanqaabisaa [[Arab Cup|Koobka Carabta]] (ee kooxaha qaran) iyo [[Arab Club Champions Cup|Koobka Horyaallada Kooxaha Carabta]] (ee naadiyada). Xiriirrada cayaaraha Carabta ayaa sidoo kale u jira cayaaro dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[basketball|kubadda koleyga]], [[volleyball|kubadda laliska]], [[team handball|gacanta]], [[table tennis|teniska miiska]], [[tennis|teniska]], [[Squash (sport)|skwoash]] iyo [[swimming (sport)|dabbaasha]]. ==Xusuusin== {{notelist}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|30em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons}} * {{in lang|ar}} [http://www.lasportal.org/ League of Arab States] (goobta rasmiga ah). * {{in lang|en}} [http://arableague-us.org/wp/ League of Arab States Office] in Washington D.C. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041016021558/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league.htm The League of Arab States] at [[Al-Bab.com]] * [http://www.cfr.org/middle-east/arab-league/p25967 The Arab League] at [[Council on Foreign Relations]] * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/1550797.stm Profile: Arab League], ''[[BBC News]]'', updated 9 August 2011 qvy0svmvjr2ojmqfzqlcjgtzgt8ntb0 Ciise (qabiil) 0 5300 306305 298327 2026-08-31T09:47:32Z شيخ عبد الرحمن 44350 /* Qaybinta */ Sixitaan 306305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Issa''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Esa , ama Aysa ) ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ciise , Af-[[Carabi]]: عيسى ) waa qabiil ka mid ah qabiilka [[Soomaaliyeed]] ee waqooyi , waa qayb hoosaad ka tirsan qoyska qabiilka [[Dir]]. {{Infobox tribe | name = Issa<br> بنو عيسي | image = File:Sheikh_Issa_Tomb.png | caption = Qabriga Sheekh Ciise ee [[Sanaag]] | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Ciise | parent_tribe = [[Dir|Dir]] | branches = *Ēlēye' (Musse & Mamasan) *Walaldon (Idleh & Youssouf) *Hōlle (Mahadle & Saaib) *Hōrrōne (Habar Walaal & Geele Walaal) *Ūrweyne(Cabdalla & Fiqi) *[[Wardiq|Wardīq]] (Wakhtishiil & Rumawaaq) | religion = [[Sunni]], [[Islaam]] | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]<br>{{flagicon|Arab League}}[[Carabi]] | type = [[Dir|Dir – Qabiilka Soomaaliyeed]] | location = {{flagicon|Djibouti}}[[Djibouti]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Ethiopia]]<br>{{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Somalia]] }} ==Dulmar== Beesha Dir ahaan , beesha Ciise waxay xidhiidh toos ah la leedahay Gadabuursi , Akisho , Surre (Cabdalle iyo Qubeys ), Biimaal (oo Gaadsen sidoo kale ka tirsan yihiin), Bajimaal, Bursuq , Madigaan Dir, Gurgura , Garre (Beesha Quranyow, Direed kale, Direed, Direed, Direed kale, Direed, Direed kale, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Dir, Dir, Gurre, iyo Dir. jufooyinka waxayna xiriir toos ah la leeyihiin Hawiye (Irir), Xawaadle , Ajuuraan , Degoodi , Gaaljeceel , oo ay isku abtigii Samaale wadaagaan . [[File:Esa-Grave.png|thumb|Qabri Ciise]] Qabiilka Ciise waxa ay qarniyo badan soo saartay rag iyo dumar Soomaaliyeed oo sharaf leh oo ay ku jiraan Boqorro badan ( Ughaz ). Inta la ogyahay taariikhdooda Ciisaha oo lagu yaqaanay cududooda ciidan iyo xumaantooda, Ingiriiska oo la kulmay waxay u arki jireen Issas inay yihiin "mid ka mid ah qabaa'ilka ugu xagjirnimada iyo dagaalka badan waqooyiga bari ee Afrika". waxa kale oo uu Ingiriisku isku dayey inuu Saylac ku duulo gurigii Ciisaha Cad (Caysa) ee dadka u dhashay ay guushu ku raacday, iyadoo aanay jirin wax la isku dayey oo la isku dayey in lagu qabsado gudaha dalka Ciisaha, oo inta badan ay degganaayeen Ciisaha Madow; oo aan u adkaysan karin dabeecadda arxan-darrada ah ee qabiilka, oo hammigooda keliya ee nololeed si sax ah loogu soo koobi karo labada kelmadood ee “Dil iyo Dhac”. Iyada oo sida caadiga ah wejiyada qabiilkooda ay ka muuqato waji xun sida maamulka Ingiriisku ku tilmaamay. Dhaqanka qabiilka ee la midka ah kuwa Black Ciisaha ayaa ahaa in aan loo ogolayn in la guursado dhiig yar ilaa uu nin ku dilo dagaalka; maadaama aysan muhiim ahayn in ninkaas lagu dilo dagaal xaq ah, taasi waxay inta badan horseedday dil qabow iyo dagaallo joogto ah oo lala galo qabaa’ilka iyo qowmiyadaha deriska la ah, waxaa ka mid ah qabaa’ilka kale ee Soomaalida caadooyinkan oo kale aan horay loo arag, waxaas oo dhan waxay ku dadaalayeen in ay iska ilaashadaan qabiil la dagaalamo. Ciisaha waxaa lagu yaqaanaa sida ay u yaqaaniin isticmaalka fallaadhaha sumaysan iyo awooddooda ugaarsiga ee cajiibka ah, Issa waxay u taagan tahay awood la isku halleyn karo. Dhulka Carabta, waxa ay noqdeen calooshood u shaqeystayaal la raadiyo, oo inta badan loo diiwaan galiyo awooddooda dagaal iyo aqoon istiraatijiyadeed. Marka loo eego in ay mar walba ku jireen xaalad dagaal ilaa heer loo arko in dilku yahay waqtigoodii, si ay u sharfaan halgamayaashoodii dhintay, waxa ay dhigi jireen dhagaxyo toosan oo mid kasta oo dhibane ah, ka soo horjeedka albaabka guriga marxuumka. Haddii qofka dhintay uu dilo saddex nin ama in ka badan, waxa sidoo kale dhagaxaan la dhigi jiray mid kasta oo ka mid ah saddexda aqal ee xaasaska. Haddii qofka dhintay uu dili lahaa hal ama in ka badan oo maroodi ah, waxaa la soo saari lahaa dhagxaan aad u waaweyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii mid ka mid ah dhibbanayaasha marxuumka ay ku jiraan niman, hal dhagax oo toosan oo lagu dhejiyo dhagax kale ayaa la saari lahaa. Dhaqankan lagu maamuusayo halgamayaashooda iyada oo loo marayo meelaynta dhagaxa, waxay ahayd arrin muhiim ah oo ka mid ah hiddaha iyo dhaqanka qabiilka Ciisaha. ==Taariikhda== ===Horraantii Qarnigii 19-aad, Colaadihii Waqooyi & Waxqabadkii Qabiilka Ciise=== [[File:Le_Tour_du_monde-06-p067.jpg|thumb|Khariidadda Henri Lambert ee Geeska Afrika 1855, qabiilka Ciise ayaa ka talinayay labada dhinac ee gacanka Tadjoura.]] [[File:Ali-kalageyeh.png|thumb|Halyeygii ciidamada ee Ciise Cali Kalageeye]] Waagii qalalaasaha ahaa ee qabaa'ilka Canfarta, Weima Danakil waxay soo ifbaxday koox caan ah oo haysata ku dhawaad ​​100 qaansoley Soomaaliyeed ah, kuwaas oo calooshood u shaqeystayaal u ahaa qabaa'ilka kala duwan ee waqooyi-galbeed, oo u badan Ciisaha. In kasta oo la isku dayey in la isku dayo, haddana waxa ay si adag u ilaashadaan af-soomaaligooda oo ay door bidaan in ay isku guursadaan bulshadooda dhexdeeda, iyaga oo ka fogaanaya in ay ku dhex milmaan Danakil wakhtigaas. Arrinta xiisaha lihi waxa ay tahay in Danakil ay u arkaan in toogashada ay tahay mid sharci darro ah, sidaas awgeedna ay ku tiirsan yihiin dadka aqoonta u leh Soomaalida si ay doorkaas u gutaan. [[File:Somali_People.jpg|thumb|Ciise rag iyo Dumar dhar dhaqameed xidhan (1844)]] Dhaqanka Ciise wuxuu ku adkeysanayaa isticmaalka joogtada ah ee qaansooyinka iyo fallaadho sumeysan oo ka mid ah darajooyinkooda. Sannadkii hore, 1838, dagaal gacan ka hadal ah ayaa dhex maray Debenik Weima iyo Mudaito, taasoo keentay iskahorimaad dhiig badan ku daatay. Khasaaraha ayaa ahaa mid aad u badan, iyadoo Mudaito ay ku dhinteen 700 oo dhimasho ah iyo Debne Weima oo ay ku waayeen 140 qof. Waxaa jiray farqi u dhexeeya tirada la soo sheegay, iyadoo Maxamuud Cali uu sheegay in Mudiato ay ku dhaawacmeen 1500 halka Weima ay 120. Intii ay dagaallameen, Debne Weima waxay si joogta ah ula safteen Issa oo ka soo horjeeda Mudaito. Xaaladahan oo kale, Ciisahu waxay ka dhigan yihiin ku dhawaad ​​saddex meelood meel ciidamadooda la isku daray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo ay Ciisaha ka soo horjeedaan Mudaito, waxaa xusid mudan in magaalada caasimadda ah ee Aussa ay u badan tahay in ay degan yihiin Canfarta Mudaito iyada oo magaaladu u qaybsan tahay Assa-himera, Galeeya, Dar, Koorha, iyo Ciise. Qarniyo ka hor boqortooyadii Issa ee Aussa waxay la kulmeen kacdoon ka yimid Mudaitos, inkastoo dhacdooyinkaas, Issa ayaa weli sii waday joogitaanka Aussa, Kormeerkan waxaa sameeyay sahamiyeyaal Cornwallis iyo Harris R. Kirk 1841. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah Issa waxay degeen dhul ka soo horjeeda xeebta Ghoubbet-el-Kharab , oo ay kaxaysay harraad aan la dhayalsan karin oo loo qabo dhiigga bini'aadamka, si joogto ah ayay u soo galeen dhulka Danakil. Iyaga oo ka faa'iidaysanaya maqnaanshaha askariga dhamaadka ugu dambeeya ee garaacista, waxay si qarsoodi ah u soo degeen banka hadhsan ee godan waxayna ku kacaan fal naxariis darro ah. Isagoo dagaal aan joogsi lahayn kula jira reer Danaqil, inkastoo ay muuqato saaxiibtimo iyo xitaa isbahaysi ka dhexeeya caaqilada qabaa’ilka, haddana ma jirto fursad la lumiyo oo lagaga aarguto reer baadiyaha buuraleyda ah. Ficil kasta oo cusub oo cadaawad ah ayaa dhalinaya colaad cusub oo dhiig ah, iyada oo naf kasta oo labada dhinac ah la qaadayo ay dalbanayaan aargoosi laba laab ah, taas oo sii wadaysa rabshado aan dhamaad lahayn. Markii uu ka socdaalayay Tadjoura una socday buuraleyda Itoobiya ee Shoa sannadkii 1841, sahamiye Major Y. Cornwallis Harris waxa uu goob joog u ahaa dhibaato aad u daran. Ilaaladii la socotay ayaa la kulmay weeraro aan kala joogsi lahayn, iyada oo xubnaha si habaysan loo beegsaday, lagala baxay, oo ugu dambayntii la dilay waxa uu yidhi sidan: Eesah, oo sharaftiisa kaliya iyo maalkiisa uu ka kooban yahay tirada kawaannada xunxun ee ay damiirkoodu wasakhaysan yihiin, iyo kuwa wax-ku-tagga ah ee ku heshiiyey inay u taagan yihiin inay u ekaadaan sida bahalnimada iyo bahalnimada aan ka cabsanayn Ilaah iyo Ibliiska" Arabedoura, oo ah dhul fidsan oo ay sameeyeen walxo foolkaanooyin ah, ayaa waxaa lagu daboolay caws qurux badan oo u adeega sidii dhul daaqsimeed ee lo'da Baadiyaha. Xiliyada roobka da’a waxaa gobolkan u guura reer baadiyaha oo ay ku jiraan reer guuraaga Ciise. Reer guuraaga Issa waxa laga heli karaa iyagoo garab ka helaya Danakiles ee daaqa, sida uu sheegay sahamiye Rochet d'Hericourt 1841. Dhulka reer guuraaga Issa, oo ku yaal saddex horyaal oo koonfurta ka xigta Arabedoura. Sababo la xiriira imaanshaha xilli-roobaadka ee deegaannadaas, heshiis is-dhaafsi ah ayaa u oggolaanaya reer-guuraaga Ciise in ay xoolahooda daaqaan gudaha Danakile marka ay dhirtu u soo baxdo roob badan. Taa baddalkeeda, Danakils ayaa xoolahooda u kaxeeya reer-guuraaga Ciise markii ay daaqgoodii ka engegeen, roobkuna wuxuu billaabay inuu quudiyo dhulka deriska ah. Isku-tiirsanaantani waxay kobcinaysaa wada noolaanshaha labada qabiil ee caanka ah. Hawshan la'aanteed, isbahaysigoodu waxa uu halis gelin karaa, iyaga oo u xaglin kara reer guuraaga Ciise, ee caanka ku ah dabeecadda dagaalka iyo xirfadahooda qaanso ee cajiibka ah, oo ay ku caddeeyeen isticmaalka habboon ee qaansooyinka toogashada. Rochet d'Hericourt wuxuu sii wadaa inuu yiraahdo: "Soomaalida Ciise, oo ah jinsiyad aad u wanaagsan: dhererkoodu waa dheer yahay, sankoodu wuxuu ku dhow yahay aquiline; fool weyn oo xariijimo joogto ah ayaa siinaya wejigooda dabeecadda sifooyin muuqaal ah oo caqli-gal ah; geesinimada dabka leh, waxay jecel yihiin dagaallada, halkaas oo xirfaddooda ay ku tuuraan fallaadha waxay siinaysaa inay si weyn uga sarreeyaan deriskooda, oo iyaga ka cabsada." Sannadkii 1842-kii, dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Ciise waxay degganaayeen gobolka koonfureed ee Gacanka Tadjoura, oo ku fidsan dhulka Weima Danakil. Waxaa xusid mudan in qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Ciise ay u aqoonsadeen Lohitu, Suldaanka Tadjoura, inuu yahay caaqilkooda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa xusid mudan in kala bar qabiilka Weima ee Tadjoura ay ka kooban yihiin shakhsiyaad Soomaali ah oo Ciise ah. ===Bartamihii Qarnigii 19-aad=== Ciisaha ayaa ahaa qaybta ugu muhiimsan waddooyinka ganacsiga ee isku xidha Harar iyo magaalooyinka xeebta ee Berbera iyo Saylac. Xidhiidhka ganacsiga iyo beeralayda ee qabaa'ilka Soomaalida ee Afran-Qallo waxay ka qaybqaateen, laga soo bilaabo qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad, isku-dhafka siyaasadda iyo qowmiyadaha, taas oo lagu muujiyey abuurista qowmiyadaha Oromada-Soomaalida: Girri-Jaarso iyo Girri-Babillee, kuwaas oo isku daray hababka Oromada ee beeraha iyadoo la qaadanayo hay'adaha siyaasadda Soomaalida. Horumarka hay'adaha Soomaalidu waxay si qoto dheer ugu xidhnaayeen dhaqdhaqaaqii ganacsi ee qabiilka Ciisaha ee gobolka Saylac. Deegaankan Ciisaha ayaa ilaalo u ahaa ganacsatada iyo badeecadaha ay wataan ee u kala gooshta marinada ganacsi ee u dhexeeya Saylac iyo gobolada gudaha ee dalka. Beeshu waxay ku beddeshay adeegyadii ay ka qaadi jireen ganacsatada. Habayntani waxa ay gacan ka gaysatay habaynta iyo turxaan bixinta doorka Abbaan( ugaaska qabiilka) ee masuulka ka ahaa hubinta daryeelka iyo badbaadada dadkiisa. [[File:Map_of_Zeila_1877.jpg|thumb|Waddada ganacsiga Ciisaha ee Saylac ilaa Harar]] Muddo ka bacdi waxaa si rasmi ah u soo shaac baxay shaqadii iyo mas’uuliyaddii Abbaan-ku-taagnayd, wuxuuna ku khasbanaaday inuu maamulo dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda qabiilkiisa, la gorgortamo qabaa’ilka kale, isla markaana uu sugo amniga dadkiisa iyo hantidooda. Haddaba, dhaq-dhaqaaqa ganacsi ee qabiilka Ciisaha ayaa kaalin mug leh ka qaatay horumarinta hab-dhismeedka bulsho iyo siyaasadeed ee ummadda Soomaaliyeed. Qabiilka Ciisaha waxa ay hal-abuur ku haystaan ​​dhaqashada geela ee gobolka, iyaga ayaana ka masuul ahaa kiraynta xoolahan iyo kolonyada gaadiidka ee dhex mara gobollada Oromada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, geela ay leeyihiin Ciisaha ayaan ahayn kuwo ku habboon dhulka buuraleyda ah ee Harar u socda. Si loo maro dhulkan, waxa lagama maarmaan noqotay in la isticmaalo dameero ay Oromo bixiyeen. ===Issa - Khilaafka Masar, dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad=== Bartamihii 1870-meeyadii ka dib Khedivate ee Masar guuldaradii Itoobiya, waxay beddeleen xeeladdii ay Itoobiya dhinac walba uga hareerayn lahaayeen oo ay sidoo kale saldhig uga heli lahaayeen xeebaha Soomaaliya. Horraantii 1875, ciidamada Masar oo uu hogaaminayay Werner Munzinger waxay rabeen inay ku biiraan ciidamada Menelik iyagoo u socdaalay dhinaca galbeed ee dekedda Tadjoura kuna sii jeeday Awassa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladaha cimilada ee adag iyo cimilada adag ayaa wiiqday tamarta ciidamada. Habeenimadii Noofambar 14, dagaalyahano ka tirsan qabiilka Issa Madoobe ee Soomaalida ayaa weerar ku qaaday ciidamada Masar, taasoo keentay in la xasuuqo Werner Munzinger, xaaskiisa, iyo inta badan taliskii ciidamada. Dadkii hadhay ayaa u baxsaday Tadjoura. Guuldaradani waxay calaamadisay dhamaadka hamigii ahaa in Masar lagu balaadhiyo Abyssinia Masiixiyiinta. Inkasta oo ay hore uga adkaadeen Masar ayaa aakhirkii la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyinka xeebaha Soomaaliya ee Saylac, Berberana waa lagu guulaystay. Dhinaca kale, Khedive Ismaaciil waxa uu ballanqaaday in dekedaha Bulxaar iyo Berbera ay u furnaan doonaan ganacsigooda, marka laga reebo ganacsiga addoonta, isla markaana laga hortago joogitaanka ciidamada Yurub ee dekedahaasi. Xukuumadda Khedival ayaa sidoo kale ogolaatay in la dalacsiiyo qiimaha kastamka oo aan ka badnayn 5 boqolkiiba qiimaha badeecadaha la dhoofiyo, iyo in loo ogolaado Ingiriiska in uu ka sameeyo wakiil qunsuliyadeed meelahaas. Xagaagii 1875kii ayaa Masriyiintii waxay guddoomiye u doorteen Abu Bakar Ibrahim Shahim, oo Saylac ka ganacsan jiray. Abuu Bakar, oo sida muuqata ka soo farcamay reer Cafar, wuxuu lahaa saameyn weyn oo maxalli ah. Abu-Bakar in uu xidhiidh la lahaa Menelik II waxa ay faa'iido weyn u ahayd Khedive oo jooga Qaahira waxaana aad u qiimeeyey Faransiiskii aagga. Waxay u badan tahay in ay siiyeen dhalashada Faransiiska horraantii 1860-aadkii oo ay u magacaabeen wakiilkooda si ay uga helaan faa'iidooyinka uu siiyo ganacsatadooda gobolka Saylac iyo Obock. Isagoo haysta dhalashada Faransiiska, Abuu Bakar wuxuu xoojiyay maqaamkiisa inuu yahay hoggaamiyaha ugu saameynta badan gobolka Saylac marka loo eego dadka Canfarta iyo quwadaha Yurub. Masaaridu wax faragelin ah kuma samayn arrimaha Soomaalida, ee waxay u hoggaansameen heshiiskii ay la galeen Abuu Bakar, waxayna u adeegsadeen laaluush si ay u saameeyaan hoggaamiyayaasha qabaa'ilka, oo inta badan loogu yeero Ugaaska Saylac. Si ay u dhistaan ​​maamulkooda, waxay u magacaabeen madax ka soo jeeda beesha Ciisaha iyo qabaa’ilka kale ee Soomaalida ee ku dhaqan dhulka saxaraha Ogaadeeniya ee Koonfur Bari Harar. Dhul laga soo bilaabo Saylac ilaa Harar, Ciisahu waxay ka talinayeen Saylac iyo inta badan xeebaha Soomaaliya ilaa Bulxaar, reer Khediyiintu waxay bixin jireen cashuurta Ugaaska Ciisaha si ay u isticmaalaan jidka ganacsiga Saylac iyo Harar. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] Masaaridii oo ku sii socota Harar, waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay soo maraan dhulka Soomaalida Ciise, waxay socod ku mareen jeexjeexyo dhagax ah iyo sariiraha webiyada engegan ee gobolka Guban, kaas oo caadiyan la kulma kulayl kuleyl ah oo u dhexeeya 105 ilaa 110 darajo Fahrenheit May ilaa Sebtembar. Deegaanku waxa uu lahaa dhir kooban iyo ilo biyo-yaraan ah taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay xaaladaha xagaaga ee adag. [ 44 ] Dadka Ciise waxay faa'iido ka heleen ciidankii soo duulay, waxay yaqaaneen xaaladaha adag ee goobta iyo cimilada, sida la xusay, waxay tirtireen ciidamadii Munzinger bartamihii 1875 ee Awassa. [ 45 ] Iyaga oo keliya tiro xaddidan oo kabriid ah, ama 'Tower' nooca musketka garaaca, oo ay weheliyaan gacmahooda iftiinka ee dhaqameed, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan laan, toorey, warmo, waran, seef, iyo gaashaan. Qaar baa shaqaaleysiiyay naadiyo, qaansooyin, bistoolado, ama, naadir, bastoolad, in kasta oo ay jireen hubkii qadiimiga ahaa, qabiillada Ciise ma ahayn mucaarad fudud. Marka la barbardhigo, ciidanka militariga ee Ra'uf Pasha ee Masaarida uu amar ku bixiyay waxay ka koobnaayeen shan cutub oo lugta ah, cutub kastaa wuxuu lahaa afar iyo toban sarkaal, 236 askari ( başhi bozuķ ), laba xabo oo buurta Howitzer ah, iyo laba gantaalada riddada ah. isla markaana, qabiilka Ciisaha waxa uu dagaal kula jiray Nole Oromo, Danakil (Afar) iyo Gadabuursi, iyada oo taas la tixgeliyey ka dib markii ay 5 maalmood ka hor istaageen hoggaamiyihii federaalka ee qabaa'ilka Ciisaha Soomaaliyeed, Sheikh Rolia, Masar, waxay isu dhiibeen ciidammadii soo celinta iyo calanka Masar. Taasi waxay meesha ka saartay khatartii Milatari ee Masaarida ay ku hayeen Ciisaha Soomaaliyeed, taasoo u sahashay inay u sii gudbaan dhinaca Harar iyagoo ka soo tallaabay dhulka Ciisaha. Korjoogayaashii Ingiriiska ee fadhigoodu ahaa Cadan ayaa warbixino u diray London, kuwaas oo muujinaya awoodda ciidanka soo duulay ay u isticmaali lahaayeen inay Issa ku khasbaan inay is dhiibaan, maadaama ay iyagu ahaayeen kuwii ugu horreeyay ee sidaas sameeya. Masaaridu waxay u qaybisay bulshooyinkii ku dhaqnaa deegaanka Harar saddex qaybood oo kala ah: Somali 'Ciise', Oromo Nole Oromo', iyo dadka magaalada Harar, iyadoo Ciisaha ay dhibaato badan ku keeneen maamulka Masar. Hogaamiye degan ma haystaan, marka laga reebo hogaamiyihii shuyuukhda culimadi Ciise. Dawladnimada ay iyagu dhisteen waa nooc ka mid ah dawlad wadaaga. Markay rabaan inay dawladnimada dumiyaan, waxay wiiqaan awoodeeda. Raggoodii wax-garadka ahaa iyo madaxdii reeraha ayaa is urursada. Way wada tashadaan, mararka qaarkoodna tani waxay socotaa toddobaadyo badan. Marka ra'yiga aqlabiyadda la aqbalo, dawladdu way fulisaa. Sidan ayaa loo fuliyaa magacaabista ama xil ka qaadista mudanayaashooda. [[File:UgaasAbode.jpg|thumb|Issa Somali oo taagan bannaanka hoyga Ugaas Roobleh Faarax ee Jaldessa]] Intii u dhaxaysay bilihii June iyo Luulyo 1878kii, xaaladda ammaan ee gobolka Harar ilaa xeebaha Soomaaliya aad ayay uga sii dartay, ka dib kacdoon ay sameeyeen dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Ciise. Qalalaasahan oo markii hore ka bilaabmay deegaanka Berber ayaa ugu dambayntii ku fiday gobolka Harar. Bishii Luulyo 1878, Raduan Pasha iyo ku xigeenkiisii, Axmad Rami Bey, waxay isku dayeen inay xakameeyaan kacdoonka dhowr boqol oo fallaago ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay dhayalsadeen awoodda ciidamada jabhadda, kuwaas oo ku guuleystay inay la yaabaan oo ay jabiyaan ciidankii yar ee Masar. Kadib jabhaddii waxay u carartay dhanka Saylac. Iyaga oo ka jawaabaya, Masaaridu waxay ka aargoosatay tuulooyin cidla ah oo ay ku duuleen, waxayna gubeen guryihii toban hoggaamiye beeleed. Marka loo eego qiimaynta Raduan Pasha, ciidanka garrison ee fadhigoodu yahay magaalada iyo nawaaxigeeda ma awoodi doonaan inay xakameeyaan fallaagada Issa ee baahsan. Waxa uu ku wargeliyay dowladda Khedival khatarta jirta, waxa uuna carabka ku adkeeyay in si deg deg ah loogu baahan yahay gurmad ciidan oo laga sameeyo magaalada Harar. Raduan Pasha waxa uu dalbaday in la soo celiyo markabkii dagaalka ee Masar, kaas oo ku sugnaa aagga Berbera ilaa horraantii sannadkii 1878-kii, balse ay dawladdii Kheddiga ahi ku amartay inuu ka baxo. Markabkan ayaa siday labo qeybood oo loo xilsaaray taakuleynta ciidamada gobolka ee ku sugan inta u dhaxeysa magaalooyinka xeebta ah iyo Harar. Jabhadihii Ciise waxay gaadheen aagga u dhexeeya Harar iyo xeebta Soomaaliya si ay uga baxaan gacanta Masar. Xukuumadda Khiri Pasha ayaa ka fiirsanaysay ikhtiyaarka ah in mar kale lagu daro gobolka xeebta ee Badda Cas iyo Harar ee Xikimdariya ee Suudaan. Raduan Pasha waxa ay isku dayday in ay weerarto fariisimaha jabhadda ee gobolka Harar bishii Oktoobar 1878 laakiin waxa ay la kulantay guuldarro kale oo weyn. Fallaagada waxaa u suurtagashay in ay dilaan lix iyo labaatan askari oo ay ka furteen ciidanka Raduan Pasha sagaal iyo labaatan qori iyo siddeed iyo soddon faras. Bishii Noofambar 1878-kii, Raduan Pasha waxa uu hoggaaminayey ciidan yar oo konton askari ah iyo hal madfac oo Saylac ka soo raacay Harar si uu ula xaajoodo hoggaamiyayaashii jabhadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii ay iman waayeen magaalada, wuxuu u safray tuulooyinkoodii si uu ula kulmo iyaga. Raduan Pasha sida degen ee uu ula dhaqmayo qabaa'ilka ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay nabadaynta jabhadda. Kadib shir ka dhacay magaalada Harar ee ay fallaagadu ku xooga badan yihiin, Raduan Pasha waxa ay la xaajoodeen madaxdooda oo ay ku heshiiyeen in la dhimo oo la qiimeeyo cashuuraha. Taas beddelkeeda, fallaagada waxay saxiixday heshiis xabbad-joojin ah oo ay ku ballan-qaadeen inay oggolaadaan gaadiidka xeebta iyo xitaa soo celiyaan wixii ay dhaceen. Raduan Pasha ayaa u sheegay guusha uu gaaray Gordon, kaasoo isna ku wargeliyay dowladda Khedive in kala dambeyn la soo celiyay oo aan loo baahneen wax xoojin ciidan ah. Xabad-joojintii lagu gaadhay wada-xaajoodyadii Raduan Pasha ee jabhadda waxay ahayd mid muddo gaaban jirtay, horraantii bishii Maarso 1879-kii, waxaa caddaatay in gaadiidka waddooyinka mar kale uu khatar ahaa. Jabhaddu waxay taas u qaadatay calaamad daciifnimo, waxaana ku biiray qabaa'il kale oo Soomaaliyeed oo jabhaddooda ku biiray. Waxay beegsadeen kolonyo gaadiid ah, waxayna dhaawaceen xadhkaha telegaraafka, waxayna jareen xiriirkii magaalooyinka xeebta. Raduan Pasha waxa uu ka codsaday in la xoojiyo milatariga dawladdii Kheddiga ah iyo ciidan ka kooban ilaa 1,500 oo askari oo caadi ah, oo ay weheliyaan qabaa'ilka kale ee Soomaalida ee ka soo horjeeda qabiilka Ciisaha, ayaa si degdeg ah badda ugu yimi Saylac. Dib-u-celintan, Raduan Pasha wuxuu hoggaamiyay weerar guul leh oo ka dhan ah mucaaradka, isagoo ka adkaaday ciidankooda ilaa 370 nin oo hubaysan. Taas ka dib, Ciisaha Soomaaliyeed ma aysan keenin wax khatar ah mar kale ilaa ay Masar ka guureen Harar 1885. Ka bixitaankii Masar ee Harar waxa la mid ahaa ka bixitaankooda Saylac iyo Berbera, si ay uga feejignaadaan kacdoonka Oromada iyo Ciisaha Somalidu kaga soo horjeedaan ciidamada Masar ee dib u guranaya. Thomas Hunter, oo ahaa xoghayihii koowaad ee ergadii Ingiriiska ee Cadan 1884-kii ilaa 1887-kii, waxa uu ka baqay in inta lagu guda jiro bixitaanka, ay dhici karto in kooxaha qabaa’ilka ay weerarro lama filaan ah ku qaadaan Masaarida oo ay gadaal ka soo galaan, taasoo dhalin karta kacdoon cusub oo Mahdiyya ah oo la mid ah kii Suudaan lagu arkay. Masaaridu waxay ka baxeen Geeska Afrika, waxay walaac ka muujiyeen dareenka Ingiriiska ee ku aaddan dareenka qalafsan ee Berbera iyo suurtagalnimada in qabiilka Ciisaha Soomaaliyeed ay la wareegaan magaalada. Si taas looga hortago, Thomas Hunter waxa uu soo jeediyay in markab dagaal oo Ingiriisku leeyahay oo uu hoggaaminayo sarkaal ka tirsan ciidammada badda ee fadhigoodu yahay magaalada Cadan uu si joogto ah u sii joogo dekedda Berbera. Talaabadani waxay u adeegi doontaa is-hortaag iyo is-hortaag ku yimid Issaga Soomaaliyeed ilaa laga dhameeyo daadgureynta Harar. Si looga hortago kacdoon kale oo Issa ah, Thomas Hunter wuxuu ku taliyay in Ingiriisku ka taliyo Saylac inta ay weli joogaan ciidamada Masar, iyada oo la adeegsanayo 150 ciidan lug ah oo degaanka ah oo lagu xoojiyay geel. Dabadeed, iyagoo ka faa'iidaysan kara millatari, waxay la kulmi doonaan Ciise heshiis ku saabsan ka bixista Harar, iyo inaan wax dhib ah laga fileyn waddooyinka, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay kaalmada ay bixiyeen dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Ciise. Markii ay Masar tagtay, Soomaalidu waxay markiiba bilaabeen inay dhacaan oo ay xasuuqaan kolonyadii ganacsiga ee Yurub: 'Ciidanayaashii Ciise waxay 103 qof oo reer Yurub ah iyo dadka deegaanka ku laayeen waddooyinka u dhexeeya Harar, Saylac iyo Berbera. 44 Isla mar ahaantaana weerarradaas, oo lala beegsaday shisheeyaha, ayaa bishii Nofembar 1885-kii dagaal dhiig badani ku daatay ka dhex qarxay Soomaalidii Ciise iyo Gadabuursi oo ku saabsanaa gacan ku haynta waddooyinka ganacsi ee u dhexeeya Harar iyo Saylac. Inta uu socday dagaalka waxaa ku dhintay 20 qof, waxaana aad loo wiiqay ammaanka waddooyinka. Dabadeed 1886 kii ayaa Ciise iyo Canfartu dagaal ku dhex-maray, iyo dhammaan jidad ganacsi oo ka soo baxay Saylac oo u socday Awsa. ===Qarnigii 20-aad – hadda=== Weerarkii Talyaanigu ku qaaday Itoobiya 1935/36, Ciisa wuxuu ka dagaallamay dhinaca Talyaaniga, taas beddelkeedana wuxuu ka faa'iidaystay hub iyo tababar ciidan iyo fursado suuq-geyneed oo faa'iido badan leh oo lo'dooda ah. Nuskii dambe ee Qarnigii 20-aad, Soomaaliya waxay hub dheeraad ah siisay Ciisaha, oo ay u cusboonaysiisay qayb ka mid ah Jabhadda Xoreynta Soomaali Galbeed. Xasuuqii Aysha waxay ahayd xasuuq ay ciidamada Itoobiya u geysteen qowmiyada Soomaalida ee Ciisaha 13 August 1960 magaalada Aysha ee dalka Itoobiya . Ciidamada Itoobiya ayaa la sheegay in ay u dhaadhaceen deegaanka si ay uga qeyb qaataan daminta colaada la xiriirta aanooyin qabiil. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida goob-joogeyaashu sheegeen, in rag Soomaali ah la geeyey meel kale, ka dibna ay dileen askar Itoobiyaan ah. Kuwii danbe ee u qaxay Dikhil iyo Cali Sabiix ee Jabuuti . Abaartii iyo gaajadii 1972-1973 / 74 waxay sii kordhisay colaadaha. Ciidanka Itoobiya ayaa soo dhexgalay Ciisaha waxayna 1971/72 ka dileen boqollaal, kuna qafaasheen in ku dhow 200,000 oo neef. Markii Jabhadda Xoreynta Soomaali Galbeed laga adkaaday , qeybta Ciisaha waxay ku hareen magaca Ciise iyo Jabhadda Xoreynta Gurgura . Waxay taageero ka heli jireen Soomaaliya waxayna ku biireen EPRDF . Sannadkii 1987kii ayaa ismaamulka Diridhaba loo sameeyay Ciisaha (oo hore uga tirsanaan jiray gobolka Xararge ) oo qayb ka ahaa qayb cusub oo maamulka Itoobiya. Tan iyo markii EPRDF la wareegtay 1991, deegaanada Ciisaha ee Itoobiya waxay ka mid ahaayeen qeexitaan qowmiyadeed ee Gobolka Soomaalida . Jabuuti oo uu Faransiisku ku gumaysan jiray magaca Xeebta Soomaalida ee Faransiiska (ilaa 1967-kii, ka dibna dhulka faransiiska ee Cafarta iyo Ciisaha ) waxaa sidoo kale ka jiray xiisad u dhaxaysa Ciisa iyo Canfarta , iyadoo Ciise iyo Soomaalida kale ee Jabuuti ku nool ay doonayeen in ay ku xidhmaan Soomaaliya oo xor ah tan iyo 1960kii. Inta badan Canfartu waxay door bidaysay masiirka Faransiiska . Mahamoud Xarbi waxa uu ahaa hogaamiyihii ugu weynaa ee dhaqdhaqaaqii gobonimo doonka balse waxa la dilay 29 September 1960 waxana la waayay saaxiibadii Djama Mahamoud Boreh iyo Mohamed Gahanlo iyagoo ka duulaya Geneva kuna sii jeeday Qaahira . Si rasmi ah, waxay ku dhinteen shil diyaaradeed , laakiin doorka suurtogalka ah ee ururka de l'armée secrète ayaa la qiyaasayaa. 1977kii Jabuuti xornimadeeda way qaadatay , laakiin lama midoobin Soomaaliya . Intii uu socday dagaalkii Ogaadeenya , siyaasiyiintii Ciisaha ee saamaynta ku lahaa waxay ku tala galeen Jibuuti-weyn ama “Ciise-land”, halkaas oo soohdinta Jabuuti ka bilaabanayso Badda Cas ilaa Diridhaba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, riyadaas waxay ku burburtay dhammaadkii dagaalka iyadoo ciidammadii Soomaalida laga saaray Itoobiya. Xiligii Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , Djibouti waxa ay isu rogtay dawlad hal xisbi ah oo ka tirsan Rassemblement Populaire pour le Progrès (RPP) taas oo aan laga fiirsan danaha dadka tirada yar ee Canfarta . 1991-1994, sidaas darteed waxaa Jabuuti ka dhacay dagaal sokeeye oo u dhexeeyay dawladdii Ciisaha u badnayd iyo jabhadii Canfarta ee FRUD. Ugu dambeyntii, xisbiyada kale ee mucaaradka ayaa la aqbalay, Canfartuna waxay ku lug lahayd dawladda, halka Ciise uu weli gacanta ku hayo siyaasadda. 1999kii Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle , oo uu adeer u ahaa Xasan Guuleed Aptidoon, waxa uu bedelay Jabuuti. Gobolka Awdal ee Somaliland waxa ka dhacay dagaallo ay la galeen beelaha Gadabuursi oo ah beelaha kale ee Dir . Colaaddu waxay keentay in qaar ka mid ah Issa ay u baxsadaan Itoobiya dhammaadkii 1990-aadkii. Xero qaxooti ayaa laga furay Degago/Ayisha. Mawjad labaad oo qaxoonti Ciise ah ayaa ka guuray magaalo xeebeedka Saylac 1991kii ka dib markii ay la dagaalameen SNMta Isaaq iyo Gadabuursi . ==Qaybinta== [[File:Issa_in_Somaliland.png|thumb|Khariidadda Jasiiradda Waqooyi ee Soomaaliya oo muujinaysa sida loo qaybiyay qabiilka Ciise ee qaybta waqooyi-galbeed]] [[File:Map_of_Somaliland_Protectorate.jpg|thumb| Maabka Somaliland oo ay ka muuqato beesha Ciise.]] Issa waxay ku nool yihiin Itoobiya inta badan halkaas oo ay gaaraan gobollada Oromada iyo Canfarta waxayna ka sameeyaan qayb weyn oo ka mid ah magaalada Diridhaba ee Chartered. Waxa kale oo ay deggan yihiin Jabuuti , halkaas oo ay ka yihiin in ka badan kala badh dadweynaha, marka saddexaadna waxay tiro koobani ka deggan yihiin Awdal , Somaliland sidoo kale. Ciisahu waa qabiilka ugu badan ee ku nool Djibouti . Sidoo kale beesha Ciise waa beesha labaad ee ugu badan ee ku nool xudduudaha Ismaamulka Soomaalida Itoobiya iyadoo lagu saleeyay tirakoobkii dadweynaha Itoobiya ee 2008-dii. Dariska dhow ee Ciisaha galbeedku waa Canfarta (ama Danakil) oo ay Ciisahu si joogto ah ula dagaalami jireen. IM Lewis waxa uu ku tilmaami jiray "xaalad cadaawad joogto ah oo ka dhaxaysa Ciise iyo Cafar", Barigooda reer ciise waxa ay xidhiidh la leeyihiin Gadabuursiga Somaliyeed oo ay dareemayaan in ay isku isir yihiin oo ay isku isir iyo dhaqan wadaagaan. Ku socota Koonfur Gurguura, Hawiye iyo Oromo. Magacyada Caddaanka iyo Madow, sida horgale loogu sii dhigay Issa, si fudud u tixraac qaybintooda juqraafiga; Buuro kala duwan oo galbeed ka xiga oo barbar socda jidka Jabuuti iyo Harrar ayaa u adeega sida xariiqda kala qaybisa; Ciisaha cad waa kuwa ugu dhow badda, halka Isaaqa Madow ee ka baxsan xadka. Kala duwanaanshiyahan ayaa waxaa sabab u ah sida ay u egyihiin labada dal, iyadoo dalka dhanka galbeed ka xiga uu ku dhow yahay in uu ka kooban yahay ciid, dalka dhanka bari ka xigana uu yahay mid inta badan qariyay dhagax weyn oo basaltic ah. Natiijo ahaan, kii hore wuxuu leeyahay muuqaal madow sababtoo ah dabeecaddiisa volcano, halka kan dambe uu yahay saxare cad oo bacaad ah. Ciisaha Madow wuxuu ka kooban yahay Wardiq , qaybo ka mid ah Muuse Eleeye, Horrone oo dhan, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Furlabe iyo Walaldoon. Cidda Cad waxay sida caadiga ah ka kooban tahay qaar ka mid ah Furlabe, qayb Muuse Eleeye ah, iyo qayb Mamassan ah, iyo qayb Walaldoon ah. ==Xeer-dhaqameedka Xeerka & Maamulka== [[File:Ugaas_Rooble.png|thumb|Ciise Ugaas Rooble oo la sawiran adeerkii Shirdoon 1885kii]] Odayaashii Ciise oo u shaqaynayay sidii qoys beeleed isku xidhan, waxa ay la kulmeen dhibaatooyin badan oo ay ka mid yihiin colaado sokeeye, abaaro, budhcadnimo, khalkhal ganacsi iyo qas bulsho. Iyagoo ka jawaabaya, waxay dejiyeen dastuur dhaqameed loogu magac daray Xeer Ciise, oo ku sifoobay mabaadi'da awood qaybsiga, midaynta bulshada si ay u raadiyaan xasillooni iyo kala dambayn. Sida dhaqanka afka ah, sida ay cuqaasha Ciise ka sheekeeyaan, dhowr qarni ka hor, awoowayaashii beesha Ciisaha waxa ay safar tahriib ah kaga soo baxeen Saylac, iyaga oo aakhirkii isugu yimi buurta Sitti ee hadda loo yaqaan Caasha Wereda. Goobtan gaarka ah waxa loo yaqaannay Laas-Harad. Si uu u noqdo oday Ciise oo uu u noqdo wakiil ka socda laba-iyo-tobanka beelood ee Ciise, waa in la buuxiyaa laba shuruudood oo aasaasi ah: labada waalidba waa inay noolaadaan, oo waxay u baahan yihiin inay helaan wiil. Si loo fududeeyo maamulkooda iyo hannaankooda go'aan gaarista, koox ka kooban afartan iyo afartan oday ayaa shirar socday muddo bil ah ku qabtay Buurta Sitti. Laba iyo tobanka beelood ee Ciisaha mid kastaa wuxuu isu beddeshay in uu cuqaasha u qaybiyo inta uu shirku socdo. Muddo ka dib, golahan odayaashu waxa ay hindiseen xeerar dhammaystiran oo 362 ah oo aan qornayn oo loo yaqaan "hera." Sheekadu waxay leedahay in dhacdo muhiim ah ay dhacday mid ka mid ah shirarka Buur Sitti markii daruur ay u muuqatay inay si toos ah uga laadlaadsan tahay wakiillada hal beel oo Ciise ah, Wardik. Dhacdadan aan caadiga ahayn ayaa guud ahaan lagu macneeyay inay tahay calaamad Rabbaani ah, taasoo muujineysa in Wardiqiintu ay yihiin kuwo loo doortay, xitaa Eebbe, si ay u gutaan doorarka hoggaamineed ee beesha Ciise/Soomaaliyeed. Sidaa darteed, wixii intaa ka dambeeyay, hoggaamiyaha Ciise/Soomaaliyeed, ee loo yaqaan Ugaaska, ayaa si joogto ah looga soo xulay beesha Wardiq. Inkasta oo Ughaz ay lahayd maamulka ugu sarreeya, haddana beesha Ciisaha waxa ay si gaar ah u ilaalinaysaa qaab-dhismeed bulsho oo sinnaan ku dhisan oo salka ku haya hayb-beeleed, kaas oo qof kasta, iyadoo aan loo eegin lab iyo dheddig, loo tixgaliyo in ay siman yihiin, qof kastaana waxa uu xaq u leeyahay in uu fikirkiisa ka dhiibto arrimaha khuseeya qabiilkiisa. Sidaa darteed, go'aan-qaadasho ku salaysan is-afgarad ayaa ah caadada dhexdooda. Habka go'aan gaarista ugu horrayn waxa ku jira wada-tashi, halkaas oo xubin kasta oo lab ah oo ku abtirsada ay xaq u leedahay in ay ka qaybgasho doodaha la xidhiidha arrimaha qabaa'ilka ee shir-wadareed loo yaqaan 'shir'. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jirta maxkamad ka kooban afartan iyo afar wakiil, oo matalaya qaybaha kala duwan ee qabiilka, oo loo yaqaan 'Rer Gendi'. Qaybtani waxa ay u adeegtaa laba ujeedo sida maxkamada rafcaanka ee garsoorka iyo urur dhaqameed labadaba. Waxa si gaar ah loo qabtaa xilliyada xaaladaha degdegga ah ama dhibaatooyinka qaranka. ==Nasab== [[File:Sheikh_Issa_Tomb.png|thumb|Qabriga Sheekh Ciise oo ahaa aabbihii dhidibada u taagay beesha Ciisaha ee gobolka Sanaag .]] Ciisahu dhaqan ahaan waxa uu xidhiidhkooda ka raadiyaa Dir, qabrigiisu waxa uu u dhexeeyaa Rugay iyo Maydh ee bariga Somaliland Qabriga Sheekh Ciise waxay u badan tahay inuu ka hor imaanshaha maxalliga ah ee Islaamka , taas oo macnaheedu yahay dhismayaashooda wuxuu dhacay qarnigii 13aad ama ka hor. ===Qari=== Issa waxay ka tirsan tahay T-M184 haplogroup waxaana TMRCA lagu qiyaasaa inay tahay 2100-2200 sano ama 150 BCE. ===Geed qabiil=== Iyadoo lagu salaynayo qoraalada urur bulsheed ee Ciisaha Somaliyeed. Ciise wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laamaha soo socda. Ciise *Ēleye' (Musse & Mamasan) *Walaldon (Idleh & Youssouf) *Hoolle (Mahadle & Saa'ib) *Hōrrōne (Habar Walaal & Geele Walaal) *Ūrweyne(Cabdelle & Fiqi) *Wardiiq (Wakhtishiil & Rumawaaq) ==Dadka caanka ah ee Ciise== [[File:Ismail_Omar_Guelleh_2010.jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Jabuuti Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle]] *Maxamuud Xarbi : Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Golaha Dawladda Faransiiska Somaliland . *Xasan Guuleed Aptidoon : 1916–2006, Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti 1977 ilaa 1999. *Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle : Madaxweynaha Jabuuti 1999kii. *Lula Cali Ismaaciil : Jibuuti- Canadian agaasimaha filimada *Cabdoo Xamargod : Muusikiiste *Daahir Axmed Faarax : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Cabdiraxmaan Waaberi : qoraa *Ahmed-Idriss Moussa :Siyaasi Jabuutiyaan ah *Nima Djama : muusikiiste *Aicha Bogoreh : Marwada koowaad ee Jabuuti *Axmed Boulaleh Barreh : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Axmed Saalax : Orodyahanka Jabuuti *Idriss Arnaoud Ali : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Xabiiba Cabdilaahi : Musician *Cumar Faarax Iltireh : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Aden Robleh Awaleh : Madaxweynaha Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Qaranka . *Xaawo Axmed Yuusuf : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Mohamed Ali Fourchette : muusikiiste *Rooble Olhaye : Wakiilka joogtada ah ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti. *Kadra Axmed Xasan : Ergeyga Joogtada ah ee Qaramada Midoobay iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti. *Yacin Bouh : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah. *Xasan Dharaar Hufane : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Cabdalla Cabdillahi Migil : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah &Xuseen Axmed Saalax : Orodyahanka Maratoonka Jabuuti. *Moumin Bahdon : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah. *Aïcha Mohamed Robleh : Qoraa *Jamaal Cabdi Diiriye : Orodyahan *Faadumo Axmed Dhimbiil : Fanaanad *Abdi Waiss Mouxiyadiin : Orodyahan *Axmed Daahir : Kubadda Cagta *Aden Faarax Samatar : Fanaan *Youssouf Hiss Bachir : Orodyahanka *Maxamed Yuusuf : Badmaax *Axmed Goumane-Rooble : Siyaasi *Djama Robleh : Orodyahanka *Roda Ali Wais : Orodyahan *Mohamed Ali Fourchette : muusikiiste *Mouna-Hodan Axmed : Abwaan *Hoche Yaya Aden : Orodyahanka *Moumina Houssein Darar : Baaraha Jabuuti ee la dagaalanka Argagaxisada. *Aadan Faarax : Afhayeenka Aqalka Sare ee Itoobiya *Choukri Djibah : Siyaasi iyo u dhaqdhaqaaqa sinaanta haweenka. *Mohamoud Dirir Geeddi : Siyaasi Itoobiya ==Tixraac== [https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ac7672.html "Refworld | 1) Cadaadiska Qowmiyada Ciisaha ee Itoobiya; 2) Cadaadiska ay dadka Itoobiya ku hayaan qowmiyadda Soomaalida ee ku nool waqooyiga Itoobiya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XMoNDgAAQBAJ&q=Dir Shucuubta Geeska Afrika (Soomaalida, Canfarta iyo Saaxo): Waqooyi Bari Afrika Qaybta 1aad] [https://books.google.com/books?id=j3DGs00LT8EC Shucuubta Geeska Afrika: Soomaali, Canfar iyo Saaxo] [https://books.google.com/books?id=29wxAQAAIAAJ&q=Aysa+the+nominal+ Hoosta Calanka iyo Sheekooyinka Xeebaha Soomaaliyeed] [https://books.google.com/books?id=ItguAAAAYAAJ&dq=comalis+issas+tadjoura&pg=PA371 La gazette géographique iyo l'sahaminta] [https://books.google.com/books?id=p3N0DwAAQBAJ&dq=This+is+because+the+Issa+are+afraid+of+the+Nole&pg=PA112 Emirate, Masaarida, Xabashida: Waaya aragnimada Gumaysiga ee Qarnigii Sagaalaad ee Harar dabayaaqadii] [https://books.google.com/books?id=p3N0DwAAQBAJ&dq=This+is+because+the+Issa+are+afraid+of+the+Nole&pg=PA112 Emirate, Masaarida, Xabashida: Waaya aragnimada Gumaysiga ee Qarnigii Sagaalaad ee Harar dabayaaqadii] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43131170 "Afars, Issas ... iyo Jabuutiyaanka: Xagga Taariikhda Madaahibta"] [http://www.unhcr.org/3d5d0f3a4.pdf Bulshada xoolo dhaqatada ah iyo qaxootiga ka gudba: dhaq-dhaqaaqa dadweynaha ee Somaliland iyo bariga Itoobiya 1988-2000. Arrimaha Cusub ee Cilmi-baarista Qaxootiga, Warqadda Shaqada ee No. 65] [http://tobiashagmann.freeflux.net/files/media/publications/non-refereed/hagmann_roape-2005.pdf Caqabadaha Maamul-daadejinta ee Gobolka Soomaalida Itoobiya] {{Wayback|url=http://tobiashagmann.freeflux.net/files/media/publications/non-refereed/hagmann_roape-2005.pdf |date=20140116114912 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=XD9oFjvFurAC&q=issa+gurgura&pg=PA135 Awood Siyaasadeed iyo Federaal Qowmiyadeed: Halganka Dimuqraadiyadda ee Itoobiya] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/179798 "Qodobada Taariikhiga ah ee Abtirsiimada ee Qaabdhismeedka Bulsho ee Waqooyiga Soomaaliya", Joornaalka Taariikhda Afrika] [[doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390|"Soo noqnoqoshada sare ee jiilka koromosoomyada Y oo lagu garto E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 ee ragga Soomaaliyeed"]] [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics] [http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf Unugga Macluumaadka iyo Siyaasadda Dalka, Xafiiska Arrimaha Gudaha, Ingiriiska, Qiimaynta Soomaaliya 2001, Lifaaqa B: Qaab-dhismeedka Qabiilka Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf |date=20110716081350 }} http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Amani%20Papers/AP_Volume1_n2_May2010.pdf ==Xiriirinta dibadda== King, Preston (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ANEwAAAAMAAJ Jiilaal Afrikaan ah] heyufc9ik60dj4pkvlro46ym17x4fv0 306310 306305 2026-08-31T10:03:26Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 298327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Issa''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Esa , ama Aysa ) ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ciise , Af-[[Carabi]]: عيسى ) waa qabiil ka mid ah qabiilka [[Soomaaliyeed]] ee waqooyi , waa qayb hoosaad ka tirsan qoyska qabiilka [[Dir]]. {{Infobox tribe | name = Issa<br> بنو عيسي | image = File:Sheikh_Issa_Tomb.png | caption = Qabriga Sheekh Ciise ee [[Sanaag]] | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Ciise | parent_tribe = [[Dir|Dir]] | branches = *Ēlēye' (Musse & Mamasan) *Walaldon (Idleh & Youssouf) *Hōlle (Mahadle & Saaib) *Hōrrōne (Habar Walaal & Geele Walaal) *Ūrweyne(Cabdalla & Fiqi) *[[Wardiq|Wardīq]] (Wakhtishiil & Rumawaaq) | religion = [[Sunni]], [[Islaam]] | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]<br>{{flagicon|Arab League}}[[Carabi]] | type = [[Dir|Dir – Qabiilka Soomaaliyeed]] | location = {{flagicon|Djibouti}}[[Djibouti]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Ethiopia]]<br>{{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Somalia]] }} ==Dulmar== Beesha Dir ahaan , beesha Ciise waxay xidhiidh toos ah la leedahay Gadabuursi , Akisho , Surre (Cabdalle iyo Qubeys ), Biimaal (oo Gaadsen sidoo kale ka tirsan yihiin), Bajimaal, Bursuq , Madigaan Dir, Gurgura , Garre (Beesha Quranyow, Direed kale, Direed, Direed, Direed kale, Direed, Direed kale, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Direed, Dir, Dir, Gurre, iyo Dir. jufooyinka waxayna xiriir toos ah la leeyihiin Hawiye (Irir), Xawaadle , Ajuuraan , Degoodi , Gaaljeceel , oo ay isku abtigii Samaale wadaagaan . [[File:Esa-Grave.png|thumb|Qabri Ciise]] Qabiilka Ciise waxa ay qarniyo badan soo saartay rag iyo dumar Soomaaliyeed oo sharaf leh oo ay ku jiraan Boqorro badan ( Ughaz ). Inta la ogyahay taariikhdooda Ciisaha oo lagu yaqaanay cududooda ciidan iyo xumaantooda, Ingiriiska oo la kulmay waxay u arki jireen Issas inay yihiin "mid ka mid ah qabaa'ilka ugu xagjirnimada iyo dagaalka badan waqooyiga bari ee Afrika". waxa kale oo uu Ingiriisku isku dayey inuu Saylac ku duulo gurigii Ciisaha Cad (Caysa) ee dadka u dhashay ay guushu ku raacday, iyadoo aanay jirin wax la isku dayey oo la isku dayey in lagu qabsado gudaha dalka Ciisaha, oo inta badan ay degganaayeen Ciisaha Madow; oo aan u adkaysan karin dabeecadda arxan-darrada ah ee qabiilka, oo hammigooda keliya ee nololeed si sax ah loogu soo koobi karo labada kelmadood ee “Dil iyo Dhac”. Iyada oo sida caadiga ah wejiyada qabiilkooda ay ka muuqato waji xun sida maamulka Ingiriisku ku tilmaamay. Dhaqanka qabiilka ee la midka ah kuwa Black Ciisaha ayaa ahaa in aan loo ogolayn in la guursado dhiig yar ilaa uu nin ku dilo dagaalka; maadaama aysan muhiim ahayn in ninkaas lagu dilo dagaal xaq ah, taasi waxay inta badan horseedday dil qabow iyo dagaallo joogto ah oo lala galo qabaa’ilka iyo qowmiyadaha deriska la ah, waxaa ka mid ah qabaa’ilka kale ee Soomaalida caadooyinkan oo kale aan horay loo arag, waxaas oo dhan waxay ku dadaalayeen in ay iska ilaashadaan qabiil la dagaalamo. Ciisaha waxaa lagu yaqaanaa sida ay u yaqaaniin isticmaalka fallaadhaha sumaysan iyo awooddooda ugaarsiga ee cajiibka ah, Issa waxay u taagan tahay awood la isku halleyn karo. Dhulka Carabta, waxa ay noqdeen calooshood u shaqeystayaal la raadiyo, oo inta badan loo diiwaan galiyo awooddooda dagaal iyo aqoon istiraatijiyadeed. Marka loo eego in ay mar walba ku jireen xaalad dagaal ilaa heer loo arko in dilku yahay waqtigoodii, si ay u sharfaan halgamayaashoodii dhintay, waxa ay dhigi jireen dhagaxyo toosan oo mid kasta oo dhibane ah, ka soo horjeedka albaabka guriga marxuumka. Haddii qofka dhintay uu dilo saddex nin ama in ka badan, waxa sidoo kale dhagaxaan la dhigi jiray mid kasta oo ka mid ah saddexda aqal ee xaasaska. Haddii qofka dhintay uu dili lahaa hal ama in ka badan oo maroodi ah, waxaa la soo saari lahaa dhagxaan aad u waaweyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii mid ka mid ah dhibbanayaasha marxuumka ay ku jiraan niman, hal dhagax oo toosan oo lagu dhejiyo dhagax kale ayaa la saari lahaa. Dhaqankan lagu maamuusayo halgamayaashooda iyada oo loo marayo meelaynta dhagaxa, waxay ahayd arrin muhiim ah oo ka mid ah hiddaha iyo dhaqanka qabiilka Ciisaha. ==Taariikhda== ===Horraantii Qarnigii 19-aad, Colaadihii Waqooyi & Waxqabadkii Qabiilka Ciise=== [[File:Le_Tour_du_monde-06-p067.jpg|thumb|Khariidadda Henri Lambert ee Geeska Afrika 1855, qabiilka Ciise ayaa ka talinayay labada dhinac ee gacanka Tadjoura.]] [[File:Ali-kalageyeh.png|thumb|Halyeygii ciidamada ee Ciise Cali Kalageeye]] Waagii qalalaasaha ahaa ee qabaa'ilka Canfarta, Weima Danakil waxay soo ifbaxday koox caan ah oo haysata ku dhawaad ​​100 qaansoley Soomaaliyeed ah, kuwaas oo calooshood u shaqeystayaal u ahaa qabaa'ilka kala duwan ee waqooyi-galbeed, oo u badan Ciisaha. In kasta oo la isku dayey in la isku dayo, haddana waxa ay si adag u ilaashadaan af-soomaaligooda oo ay door bidaan in ay isku guursadaan bulshadooda dhexdeeda, iyaga oo ka fogaanaya in ay ku dhex milmaan Danakil wakhtigaas. Arrinta xiisaha lihi waxa ay tahay in Danakil ay u arkaan in toogashada ay tahay mid sharci darro ah, sidaas awgeedna ay ku tiirsan yihiin dadka aqoonta u leh Soomaalida si ay doorkaas u gutaan. [[File:Somali_People.jpg|thumb|Ciise rag iyo Dumar dhar dhaqameed xidhan (1844)]] Dhaqanka Ciise wuxuu ku adkeysanayaa isticmaalka joogtada ah ee qaansooyinka iyo fallaadho sumeysan oo ka mid ah darajooyinkooda. Sannadkii hore, 1838, dagaal gacan ka hadal ah ayaa dhex maray Debenik Weima iyo Mudaito, taasoo keentay iskahorimaad dhiig badan ku daatay. Khasaaraha ayaa ahaa mid aad u badan, iyadoo Mudaito ay ku dhinteen 700 oo dhimasho ah iyo Debne Weima oo ay ku waayeen 140 qof. Waxaa jiray farqi u dhexeeya tirada la soo sheegay, iyadoo Maxamuud Cali uu sheegay in Mudiato ay ku dhaawacmeen 1500 halka Weima ay 120. Intii ay dagaallameen, Debne Weima waxay si joogta ah ula safteen Issa oo ka soo horjeeda Mudaito. Xaaladahan oo kale, Ciisahu waxay ka dhigan yihiin ku dhawaad ​​saddex meelood meel ciidamadooda la isku daray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo ay Ciisaha ka soo horjeedaan Mudaito, waxaa xusid mudan in magaalada caasimadda ah ee Aussa ay u badan tahay in ay degan yihiin Canfarta Mudaito iyada oo magaaladu u qaybsan tahay Assa-himera, Galeeya, Dar, Koorha, iyo Ciise. Qarniyo ka hor boqortooyadii Issa ee Aussa waxay la kulmeen kacdoon ka yimid Mudaitos, inkastoo dhacdooyinkaas, Issa ayaa weli sii waday joogitaanka Aussa, Kormeerkan waxaa sameeyay sahamiyeyaal Cornwallis iyo Harris R. Kirk 1841. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah Issa waxay degeen dhul ka soo horjeeda xeebta Ghoubbet-el-Kharab , oo ay kaxaysay harraad aan la dhayalsan karin oo loo qabo dhiigga bini'aadamka, si joogto ah ayay u soo galeen dhulka Danakil. Iyaga oo ka faa'iidaysanaya maqnaanshaha askariga dhamaadka ugu dambeeya ee garaacista, waxay si qarsoodi ah u soo degeen banka hadhsan ee godan waxayna ku kacaan fal naxariis darro ah. Isagoo dagaal aan joogsi lahayn kula jira reer Danaqil, inkastoo ay muuqato saaxiibtimo iyo xitaa isbahaysi ka dhexeeya caaqilada qabaa’ilka, haddana ma jirto fursad la lumiyo oo lagaga aarguto reer baadiyaha buuraleyda ah. Ficil kasta oo cusub oo cadaawad ah ayaa dhalinaya colaad cusub oo dhiig ah, iyada oo naf kasta oo labada dhinac ah la qaadayo ay dalbanayaan aargoosi laba laab ah, taas oo sii wadaysa rabshado aan dhamaad lahayn. Markii uu ka socdaalayay Tadjoura una socday buuraleyda Itoobiya ee Shoa sannadkii 1841, sahamiye Major Y. Cornwallis Harris waxa uu goob joog u ahaa dhibaato aad u daran. Ilaaladii la socotay ayaa la kulmay weeraro aan kala joogsi lahayn, iyada oo xubnaha si habaysan loo beegsaday, lagala baxay, oo ugu dambayntii la dilay waxa uu yidhi sidan: Eesah, oo sharaftiisa kaliya iyo maalkiisa uu ka kooban yahay tirada kawaannada xunxun ee ay damiirkoodu wasakhaysan yihiin, iyo kuwa wax-ku-tagga ah ee ku heshiiyey inay u taagan yihiin inay u ekaadaan sida bahalnimada iyo bahalnimada aan ka cabsanayn Ilaah iyo Ibliiska" Arabedoura, oo ah dhul fidsan oo ay sameeyeen walxo foolkaanooyin ah, ayaa waxaa lagu daboolay caws qurux badan oo u adeega sidii dhul daaqsimeed ee lo'da Baadiyaha. Xiliyada roobka da’a waxaa gobolkan u guura reer baadiyaha oo ay ku jiraan reer guuraaga Ciise. Reer guuraaga Issa waxa laga heli karaa iyagoo garab ka helaya Danakiles ee daaqa, sida uu sheegay sahamiye Rochet d'Hericourt 1841. Dhulka reer guuraaga Issa, oo ku yaal saddex horyaal oo koonfurta ka xigta Arabedoura. Sababo la xiriira imaanshaha xilli-roobaadka ee deegaannadaas, heshiis is-dhaafsi ah ayaa u oggolaanaya reer-guuraaga Ciise in ay xoolahooda daaqaan gudaha Danakile marka ay dhirtu u soo baxdo roob badan. Taa baddalkeeda, Danakils ayaa xoolahooda u kaxeeya reer-guuraaga Ciise markii ay daaqgoodii ka engegeen, roobkuna wuxuu billaabay inuu quudiyo dhulka deriska ah. Isku-tiirsanaantani waxay kobcinaysaa wada noolaanshaha labada qabiil ee caanka ah. Hawshan la'aanteed, isbahaysigoodu waxa uu halis gelin karaa, iyaga oo u xaglin kara reer guuraaga Ciise, ee caanka ku ah dabeecadda dagaalka iyo xirfadahooda qaanso ee cajiibka ah, oo ay ku caddeeyeen isticmaalka habboon ee qaansooyinka toogashada. Rochet d'Hericourt wuxuu sii wadaa inuu yiraahdo: "Soomaalida Ciise, oo ah jinsiyad aad u wanaagsan: dhererkoodu waa dheer yahay, sankoodu wuxuu ku dhow yahay aquiline; fool weyn oo xariijimo joogto ah ayaa siinaya wejigooda dabeecadda sifooyin muuqaal ah oo caqli-gal ah; geesinimada dabka leh, waxay jecel yihiin dagaallada, halkaas oo xirfaddooda ay ku tuuraan fallaadha waxay siinaysaa inay si weyn uga sarreeyaan deriskooda, oo iyaga ka cabsada." Sannadkii 1842-kii, dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Ciise waxay degganaayeen gobolka koonfureed ee Gacanka Tadjoura, oo ku fidsan dhulka Weima Danakil. Waxaa xusid mudan in qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Ciise ay u aqoonsadeen Lohitu, Suldaanka Tadjoura, inuu yahay caaqilkooda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa xusid mudan in kala bar qabiilka Weima ee Tadjoura ay ka kooban yihiin shakhsiyaad Soomaali ah oo Ciise ah. ===Bartamihii Qarnigii 19-aad=== Ciisaha ayaa ahaa qaybta ugu muhiimsan waddooyinka ganacsiga ee isku xidha Harar iyo magaalooyinka xeebta ee Berbera iyo Saylac. Xidhiidhka ganacsiga iyo beeralayda ee qabaa'ilka Soomaalida ee Afran-Qallo waxay ka qaybqaateen, laga soo bilaabo qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad, isku-dhafka siyaasadda iyo qowmiyadaha, taas oo lagu muujiyey abuurista qowmiyadaha Oromada-Soomaalida: Girri-Jaarso iyo Girri-Babillee, kuwaas oo isku daray hababka Oromada ee beeraha iyadoo la qaadanayo hay'adaha siyaasadda Soomaalida. Horumarka hay'adaha Soomaalidu waxay si qoto dheer ugu xidhnaayeen dhaqdhaqaaqii ganacsi ee qabiilka Ciisaha ee gobolka Saylac. Deegaankan Ciisaha ayaa ilaalo u ahaa ganacsatada iyo badeecadaha ay wataan ee u kala gooshta marinada ganacsi ee u dhexeeya Saylac iyo gobolada gudaha ee dalka. Beeshu waxay ku beddeshay adeegyadii ay ka qaadi jireen ganacsatada. Habayntani waxa ay gacan ka gaysatay habaynta iyo turxaan bixinta doorka Abbaan( ugaaska qabiilka) ee masuulka ka ahaa hubinta daryeelka iyo badbaadada dadkiisa. [[File:Map_of_Zeila_1877.jpg|thumb|Waddada ganacsiga Ciisaha ee Saylac ilaa Harar]] Muddo ka bacdi waxaa si rasmi ah u soo shaac baxay shaqadii iyo mas’uuliyaddii Abbaan-ku-taagnayd, wuxuuna ku khasbanaaday inuu maamulo dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda qabiilkiisa, la gorgortamo qabaa’ilka kale, isla markaana uu sugo amniga dadkiisa iyo hantidooda. Haddaba, dhaq-dhaqaaqa ganacsi ee qabiilka Ciisaha ayaa kaalin mug leh ka qaatay horumarinta hab-dhismeedka bulsho iyo siyaasadeed ee ummadda Soomaaliyeed. Qabiilka Ciisaha waxa ay hal-abuur ku haystaan ​​dhaqashada geela ee gobolka, iyaga ayaana ka masuul ahaa kiraynta xoolahan iyo kolonyada gaadiidka ee dhex mara gobollada Oromada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, geela ay leeyihiin Ciisaha ayaan ahayn kuwo ku habboon dhulka buuraleyda ah ee Harar u socda. Si loo maro dhulkan, waxa lagama maarmaan noqotay in la isticmaalo dameero ay Oromo bixiyeen. ===Issa - Khilaafka Masar, dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad=== Bartamihii 1870-meeyadii ka dib Khedivate ee Masar guuldaradii Itoobiya, waxay beddeleen xeeladdii ay Itoobiya dhinac walba uga hareerayn lahaayeen oo ay sidoo kale saldhig uga heli lahaayeen xeebaha Soomaaliya. Horraantii 1875, ciidamada Masar oo uu hogaaminayay Werner Munzinger waxay rabeen inay ku biiraan ciidamada Menelik iyagoo u socdaalay dhinaca galbeed ee dekedda Tadjoura kuna sii jeeday Awassa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladaha cimilada ee adag iyo cimilada adag ayaa wiiqday tamarta ciidamada. Habeenimadii Noofambar 14, dagaalyahano ka tirsan qabiilka Issa Madoobe ee Soomaalida ayaa weerar ku qaaday ciidamada Masar, taasoo keentay in la xasuuqo Werner Munzinger, xaaskiisa, iyo inta badan taliskii ciidamada. Dadkii hadhay ayaa u baxsaday Tadjoura. Guuldaradani waxay calaamadisay dhamaadka hamigii ahaa in Masar lagu balaadhiyo Abyssinia Masiixiyiinta. Inkasta oo ay hore uga adkaadeen Masar ayaa aakhirkii la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyinka xeebaha Soomaaliya ee Saylac, Berberana waa lagu guulaystay. Dhinaca kale, Khedive Ismaaciil waxa uu ballanqaaday in dekedaha Bulxaar iyo Berbera ay u furnaan doonaan ganacsigooda, marka laga reebo ganacsiga addoonta, isla markaana laga hortago joogitaanka ciidamada Yurub ee dekedahaasi. Xukuumadda Khedival ayaa sidoo kale ogolaatay in la dalacsiiyo qiimaha kastamka oo aan ka badnayn 5 boqolkiiba qiimaha badeecadaha la dhoofiyo, iyo in loo ogolaado Ingiriiska in uu ka sameeyo wakiil qunsuliyadeed meelahaas. Xagaagii 1875kii ayaa Masriyiintii waxay guddoomiye u doorteen Abu Bakar Ibrahim Shahim, oo Saylac ka ganacsan jiray. Abuu Bakar, oo sida muuqata ka soo farcamay reer Cafar, wuxuu lahaa saameyn weyn oo maxalli ah. Abu-Bakar in uu xidhiidh la lahaa Menelik II waxa ay faa'iido weyn u ahayd Khedive oo jooga Qaahira waxaana aad u qiimeeyey Faransiiskii aagga. Waxay u badan tahay in ay siiyeen dhalashada Faransiiska horraantii 1860-aadkii oo ay u magacaabeen wakiilkooda si ay uga helaan faa'iidooyinka uu siiyo ganacsatadooda gobolka Saylac iyo Obock. Isagoo haysta dhalashada Faransiiska, Abuu Bakar wuxuu xoojiyay maqaamkiisa inuu yahay hoggaamiyaha ugu saameynta badan gobolka Saylac marka loo eego dadka Canfarta iyo quwadaha Yurub. Masaaridu wax faragelin ah kuma samayn arrimaha Soomaalida, ee waxay u hoggaansameen heshiiskii ay la galeen Abuu Bakar, waxayna u adeegsadeen laaluush si ay u saameeyaan hoggaamiyayaasha qabaa'ilka, oo inta badan loogu yeero Ugaaska Saylac. Si ay u dhistaan ​​maamulkooda, waxay u magacaabeen madax ka soo jeeda beesha Ciisaha iyo qabaa’ilka kale ee Soomaalida ee ku dhaqan dhulka saxaraha Ogaadeeniya ee Koonfur Bari Harar. Dhul laga soo bilaabo Saylac ilaa Harar, Ciisahu waxay ka talinayeen Saylac iyo inta badan xeebaha Soomaaliya ilaa Bulxaar, reer Khediyiintu waxay bixin jireen cashuurta Ugaaska Ciisaha si ay u isticmaalaan jidka ganacsiga Saylac iyo Harar. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] Masaaridii oo ku sii socota Harar, waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay soo maraan dhulka Soomaalida Ciise, waxay socod ku mareen jeexjeexyo dhagax ah iyo sariiraha webiyada engegan ee gobolka Guban, kaas oo caadiyan la kulma kulayl kuleyl ah oo u dhexeeya 105 ilaa 110 darajo Fahrenheit May ilaa Sebtembar. Deegaanku waxa uu lahaa dhir kooban iyo ilo biyo-yaraan ah taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay xaaladaha xagaaga ee adag. [ 44 ] Dadka Ciise waxay faa'iido ka heleen ciidankii soo duulay, waxay yaqaaneen xaaladaha adag ee goobta iyo cimilada, sida la xusay, waxay tirtireen ciidamadii Munzinger bartamihii 1875 ee Awassa. [ 45 ] Iyaga oo keliya tiro xaddidan oo kabriid ah, ama 'Tower' nooca musketka garaaca, oo ay weheliyaan gacmahooda iftiinka ee dhaqameed, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan laan, toorey, warmo, waran, seef, iyo gaashaan. Qaar baa shaqaaleysiiyay naadiyo, qaansooyin, bistoolado, ama, naadir, bastoolad, in kasta oo ay jireen hubkii qadiimiga ahaa, qabiillada Ciise ma ahayn mucaarad fudud. Marka la barbardhigo, ciidanka militariga ee Ra'uf Pasha ee Masaarida uu amar ku bixiyay waxay ka koobnaayeen shan cutub oo lugta ah, cutub kastaa wuxuu lahaa afar iyo toban sarkaal, 236 askari ( başhi bozuķ ), laba xabo oo buurta Howitzer ah, iyo laba gantaalada riddada ah. isla markaana, qabiilka Ciisaha waxa uu dagaal kula jiray Nole Oromo, Danakil (Afar) iyo Gadabuursi, iyada oo taas la tixgeliyey ka dib markii ay 5 maalmood ka hor istaageen hoggaamiyihii federaalka ee qabaa'ilka Ciisaha Soomaaliyeed, Sheikh Rolia, Masar, waxay isu dhiibeen ciidammadii soo celinta iyo calanka Masar. Taasi waxay meesha ka saartay khatartii Milatari ee Masaarida ay ku hayeen Ciisaha Soomaaliyeed, taasoo u sahashay inay u sii gudbaan dhinaca Harar iyagoo ka soo tallaabay dhulka Ciisaha. Korjoogayaashii Ingiriiska ee fadhigoodu ahaa Cadan ayaa warbixino u diray London, kuwaas oo muujinaya awoodda ciidanka soo duulay ay u isticmaali lahaayeen inay Issa ku khasbaan inay is dhiibaan, maadaama ay iyagu ahaayeen kuwii ugu horreeyay ee sidaas sameeya. Masaaridu waxay u qaybisay bulshooyinkii ku dhaqnaa deegaanka Harar saddex qaybood oo kala ah: Somali 'Ciise', Oromo Nole Oromo', iyo dadka magaalada Harar, iyadoo Ciisaha ay dhibaato badan ku keeneen maamulka Masar. Hogaamiye degan ma haystaan, marka laga reebo hogaamiyihii shuyuukhda culimadi Ciise. Dawladnimada ay iyagu dhisteen waa nooc ka mid ah dawlad wadaaga. Markay rabaan inay dawladnimada dumiyaan, waxay wiiqaan awoodeeda. Raggoodii wax-garadka ahaa iyo madaxdii reeraha ayaa is urursada. Way wada tashadaan, mararka qaarkoodna tani waxay socotaa toddobaadyo badan. Marka ra'yiga aqlabiyadda la aqbalo, dawladdu way fulisaa. Sidan ayaa loo fuliyaa magacaabista ama xil ka qaadista mudanayaashooda. [[File:UgaasAbode.jpg|thumb|Issa Somali oo taagan bannaanka hoyga Ugaas Roobleh Faarax ee Jaldessa]] Intii u dhaxaysay bilihii June iyo Luulyo 1878kii, xaaladda ammaan ee gobolka Harar ilaa xeebaha Soomaaliya aad ayay uga sii dartay, ka dib kacdoon ay sameeyeen dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Ciise. Qalalaasahan oo markii hore ka bilaabmay deegaanka Berber ayaa ugu dambayntii ku fiday gobolka Harar. Bishii Luulyo 1878, Raduan Pasha iyo ku xigeenkiisii, Axmad Rami Bey, waxay isku dayeen inay xakameeyaan kacdoonka dhowr boqol oo fallaago ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay dhayalsadeen awoodda ciidamada jabhadda, kuwaas oo ku guuleystay inay la yaabaan oo ay jabiyaan ciidankii yar ee Masar. Kadib jabhaddii waxay u carartay dhanka Saylac. Iyaga oo ka jawaabaya, Masaaridu waxay ka aargoosatay tuulooyin cidla ah oo ay ku duuleen, waxayna gubeen guryihii toban hoggaamiye beeleed. Marka loo eego qiimaynta Raduan Pasha, ciidanka garrison ee fadhigoodu yahay magaalada iyo nawaaxigeeda ma awoodi doonaan inay xakameeyaan fallaagada Issa ee baahsan. Waxa uu ku wargeliyay dowladda Khedival khatarta jirta, waxa uuna carabka ku adkeeyay in si deg deg ah loogu baahan yahay gurmad ciidan oo laga sameeyo magaalada Harar. Raduan Pasha waxa uu dalbaday in la soo celiyo markabkii dagaalka ee Masar, kaas oo ku sugnaa aagga Berbera ilaa horraantii sannadkii 1878-kii, balse ay dawladdii Kheddiga ahi ku amartay inuu ka baxo. Markabkan ayaa siday labo qeybood oo loo xilsaaray taakuleynta ciidamada gobolka ee ku sugan inta u dhaxeysa magaalooyinka xeebta ah iyo Harar. Jabhadihii Ciise waxay gaadheen aagga u dhexeeya Harar iyo xeebta Soomaaliya si ay uga baxaan gacanta Masar. Xukuumadda Khiri Pasha ayaa ka fiirsanaysay ikhtiyaarka ah in mar kale lagu daro gobolka xeebta ee Badda Cas iyo Harar ee Xikimdariya ee Suudaan. Raduan Pasha waxa ay isku dayday in ay weerarto fariisimaha jabhadda ee gobolka Harar bishii Oktoobar 1878 laakiin waxa ay la kulantay guuldarro kale oo weyn. Fallaagada waxaa u suurtagashay in ay dilaan lix iyo labaatan askari oo ay ka furteen ciidanka Raduan Pasha sagaal iyo labaatan qori iyo siddeed iyo soddon faras. Bishii Noofambar 1878-kii, Raduan Pasha waxa uu hoggaaminayey ciidan yar oo konton askari ah iyo hal madfac oo Saylac ka soo raacay Harar si uu ula xaajoodo hoggaamiyayaashii jabhadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii ay iman waayeen magaalada, wuxuu u safray tuulooyinkoodii si uu ula kulmo iyaga. Raduan Pasha sida degen ee uu ula dhaqmayo qabaa'ilka ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay nabadaynta jabhadda. Kadib shir ka dhacay magaalada Harar ee ay fallaagadu ku xooga badan yihiin, Raduan Pasha waxa ay la xaajoodeen madaxdooda oo ay ku heshiiyeen in la dhimo oo la qiimeeyo cashuuraha. Taas beddelkeeda, fallaagada waxay saxiixday heshiis xabbad-joojin ah oo ay ku ballan-qaadeen inay oggolaadaan gaadiidka xeebta iyo xitaa soo celiyaan wixii ay dhaceen. Raduan Pasha ayaa u sheegay guusha uu gaaray Gordon, kaasoo isna ku wargeliyay dowladda Khedive in kala dambeyn la soo celiyay oo aan loo baahneen wax xoojin ciidan ah. Xabad-joojintii lagu gaadhay wada-xaajoodyadii Raduan Pasha ee jabhadda waxay ahayd mid muddo gaaban jirtay, horraantii bishii Maarso 1879-kii, waxaa caddaatay in gaadiidka waddooyinka mar kale uu khatar ahaa. Jabhaddu waxay taas u qaadatay calaamad daciifnimo, waxaana ku biiray qabaa'il kale oo Soomaaliyeed oo jabhaddooda ku biiray. Waxay beegsadeen kolonyo gaadiid ah, waxayna dhaawaceen xadhkaha telegaraafka, waxayna jareen xiriirkii magaalooyinka xeebta. Raduan Pasha waxa uu ka codsaday in la xoojiyo milatariga dawladdii Kheddiga ah iyo ciidan ka kooban ilaa 1,500 oo askari oo caadi ah, oo ay weheliyaan qabaa'ilka kale ee Soomaalida ee ka soo horjeeda qabiilka Ciisaha, ayaa si degdeg ah badda ugu yimi Saylac. Dib-u-celintan, Raduan Pasha wuxuu hoggaamiyay weerar guul leh oo ka dhan ah mucaaradka, isagoo ka adkaaday ciidankooda ilaa 370 nin oo hubaysan. Taas ka dib, Ciisaha Soomaaliyeed ma aysan keenin wax khatar ah mar kale ilaa ay Masar ka guureen Harar 1885. Ka bixitaankii Masar ee Harar waxa la mid ahaa ka bixitaankooda Saylac iyo Berbera, si ay uga feejignaadaan kacdoonka Oromada iyo Ciisaha Somalidu kaga soo horjeedaan ciidamada Masar ee dib u guranaya. Thomas Hunter, oo ahaa xoghayihii koowaad ee ergadii Ingiriiska ee Cadan 1884-kii ilaa 1887-kii, waxa uu ka baqay in inta lagu guda jiro bixitaanka, ay dhici karto in kooxaha qabaa’ilka ay weerarro lama filaan ah ku qaadaan Masaarida oo ay gadaal ka soo galaan, taasoo dhalin karta kacdoon cusub oo Mahdiyya ah oo la mid ah kii Suudaan lagu arkay. Masaaridu waxay ka baxeen Geeska Afrika, waxay walaac ka muujiyeen dareenka Ingiriiska ee ku aaddan dareenka qalafsan ee Berbera iyo suurtagalnimada in qabiilka Ciisaha Soomaaliyeed ay la wareegaan magaalada. Si taas looga hortago, Thomas Hunter waxa uu soo jeediyay in markab dagaal oo Ingiriisku leeyahay oo uu hoggaaminayo sarkaal ka tirsan ciidammada badda ee fadhigoodu yahay magaalada Cadan uu si joogto ah u sii joogo dekedda Berbera. Talaabadani waxay u adeegi doontaa is-hortaag iyo is-hortaag ku yimid Issaga Soomaaliyeed ilaa laga dhameeyo daadgureynta Harar. Si looga hortago kacdoon kale oo Issa ah, Thomas Hunter wuxuu ku taliyay in Ingiriisku ka taliyo Saylac inta ay weli joogaan ciidamada Masar, iyada oo la adeegsanayo 150 ciidan lug ah oo degaanka ah oo lagu xoojiyay geel. Dabadeed, iyagoo ka faa'iidaysan kara millatari, waxay la kulmi doonaan Ciise heshiis ku saabsan ka bixista Harar, iyo inaan wax dhib ah laga fileyn waddooyinka, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay kaalmada ay bixiyeen dadka Soomaaliyeed ee Ciise. Markii ay Masar tagtay, Soomaalidu waxay markiiba bilaabeen inay dhacaan oo ay xasuuqaan kolonyadii ganacsiga ee Yurub: 'Ciidanayaashii Ciise waxay 103 qof oo reer Yurub ah iyo dadka deegaanka ku laayeen waddooyinka u dhexeeya Harar, Saylac iyo Berbera. 44 Isla mar ahaantaana weerarradaas, oo lala beegsaday shisheeyaha, ayaa bishii Nofembar 1885-kii dagaal dhiig badani ku daatay ka dhex qarxay Soomaalidii Ciise iyo Gadabuursi oo ku saabsanaa gacan ku haynta waddooyinka ganacsi ee u dhexeeya Harar iyo Saylac. Inta uu socday dagaalka waxaa ku dhintay 20 qof, waxaana aad loo wiiqay ammaanka waddooyinka. Dabadeed 1886 kii ayaa Ciise iyo Canfartu dagaal ku dhex-maray, iyo dhammaan jidad ganacsi oo ka soo baxay Saylac oo u socday Awsa. ===Qarnigii 20-aad – hadda=== Weerarkii Talyaanigu ku qaaday Itoobiya 1935/36, Ciisa wuxuu ka dagaallamay dhinaca Talyaaniga, taas beddelkeedana wuxuu ka faa'iidaystay hub iyo tababar ciidan iyo fursado suuq-geyneed oo faa'iido badan leh oo lo'dooda ah. Nuskii dambe ee Qarnigii 20-aad, Soomaaliya waxay hub dheeraad ah siisay Ciisaha, oo ay u cusboonaysiisay qayb ka mid ah Jabhadda Xoreynta Soomaali Galbeed. Xasuuqii Aysha waxay ahayd xasuuq ay ciidamada Itoobiya u geysteen qowmiyada Soomaalida ee Ciisaha 13 August 1960 magaalada Aysha ee dalka Itoobiya . Ciidamada Itoobiya ayaa la sheegay in ay u dhaadhaceen deegaanka si ay uga qeyb qaataan daminta colaada la xiriirta aanooyin qabiil. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida goob-joogeyaashu sheegeen, in rag Soomaali ah la geeyey meel kale, ka dibna ay dileen askar Itoobiyaan ah. Kuwii danbe ee u qaxay Dikhil iyo Cali Sabiix ee Jabuuti . Abaartii iyo gaajadii 1972-1973 / 74 waxay sii kordhisay colaadaha. Ciidanka Itoobiya ayaa soo dhexgalay Ciisaha waxayna 1971/72 ka dileen boqollaal, kuna qafaasheen in ku dhow 200,000 oo neef. Markii Jabhadda Xoreynta Soomaali Galbeed laga adkaaday , qeybta Ciisaha waxay ku hareen magaca Ciise iyo Jabhadda Xoreynta Gurgura . Waxay taageero ka heli jireen Soomaaliya waxayna ku biireen EPRDF . Sannadkii 1987kii ayaa ismaamulka Diridhaba loo sameeyay Ciisaha (oo hore uga tirsanaan jiray gobolka Xararge ) oo qayb ka ahaa qayb cusub oo maamulka Itoobiya. Tan iyo markii EPRDF la wareegtay 1991, deegaanada Ciisaha ee Itoobiya waxay ka mid ahaayeen qeexitaan qowmiyadeed ee Gobolka Soomaalida . Jabuuti oo uu Faransiisku ku gumaysan jiray magaca Xeebta Soomaalida ee Faransiiska (ilaa 1967-kii, ka dibna dhulka faransiiska ee Cafarta iyo Ciisaha ) waxaa sidoo kale ka jiray xiisad u dhaxaysa Ciisa iyo Canfarta , iyadoo Ciise iyo Soomaalida kale ee Jabuuti ku nool ay doonayeen in ay ku xidhmaan Soomaaliya oo xor ah tan iyo 1960kii. Inta badan Canfartu waxay door bidaysay masiirka Faransiiska . Mahamoud Xarbi waxa uu ahaa hogaamiyihii ugu weynaa ee dhaqdhaqaaqii gobonimo doonka balse waxa la dilay 29 September 1960 waxana la waayay saaxiibadii Djama Mahamoud Boreh iyo Mohamed Gahanlo iyagoo ka duulaya Geneva kuna sii jeeday Qaahira . Si rasmi ah, waxay ku dhinteen shil diyaaradeed , laakiin doorka suurtogalka ah ee ururka de l'armée secrète ayaa la qiyaasayaa. 1977kii Jabuuti xornimadeeda way qaadatay , laakiin lama midoobin Soomaaliya . Intii uu socday dagaalkii Ogaadeenya , siyaasiyiintii Ciisaha ee saamaynta ku lahaa waxay ku tala galeen Jibuuti-weyn ama “Ciise-land”, halkaas oo soohdinta Jabuuti ka bilaabanayso Badda Cas ilaa Diridhaba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, riyadaas waxay ku burburtay dhammaadkii dagaalka iyadoo ciidammadii Soomaalida laga saaray Itoobiya. Xiligii Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , Djibouti waxa ay isu rogtay dawlad hal xisbi ah oo ka tirsan Rassemblement Populaire pour le Progrès (RPP) taas oo aan laga fiirsan danaha dadka tirada yar ee Canfarta . 1991-1994, sidaas darteed waxaa Jabuuti ka dhacay dagaal sokeeye oo u dhexeeyay dawladdii Ciisaha u badnayd iyo jabhadii Canfarta ee FRUD. Ugu dambeyntii, xisbiyada kale ee mucaaradka ayaa la aqbalay, Canfartuna waxay ku lug lahayd dawladda, halka Ciise uu weli gacanta ku hayo siyaasadda. 1999kii Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle , oo uu adeer u ahaa Xasan Guuleed Aptidoon, waxa uu bedelay Jabuuti. Gobolka Awdal ee Somaliland waxa ka dhacay dagaallo ay la galeen beelaha Gadabuursi oo ah beelaha kale ee Dir . Colaaddu waxay keentay in qaar ka mid ah Issa ay u baxsadaan Itoobiya dhammaadkii 1990-aadkii. Xero qaxooti ayaa laga furay Degago/Ayisha. Mawjad labaad oo qaxoonti Ciise ah ayaa ka guuray magaalo xeebeedka Saylac 1991kii ka dib markii ay la dagaalameen SNMta Isaaq iyo Gadabuursi . ==Qaybinta== [[File:Issa_in_Somaliland.png|thumb|Khariidadda Jasiiradda Waqooyi ee Soomaaliya oo muujinaysa sida loo qaybiyay qabiilka Ciise ee qaybta waqooyi-galbeed]] [[File:Map_of_Somaliland_Protectorate.jpg|thumb| Maabka Somaliland oo ay ka muuqato beesha Ciise.]] Issa waxay ku nool yihiin Itoobiya inta badan halkaas oo ay gaaraan gobollada Oromada iyo Canfarta waxayna ka sameeyaan qayb weyn oo ka mid ah magaalada Diridhaba ee Chartered. Waxa kale oo ay deggan yihiin Jabuuti , halkaas oo ay ka yihiin in ka badan kala badh dadweynaha, marka saddexaadna waxay deggan yihiin Awdal , Somaliland sidoo kale. Ciisahu waa qabiilka ugu badan ee ku nool Djibouti . Sidoo kale beesha Ciise waa beesha labaad ee ugu badan ee ku nool xudduudaha Ismaamulka Soomaalida Itoobiya iyadoo lagu saleeyay tirakoobkii dadweynaha Itoobiya ee 2008-dii. Dariska dhow ee Ciisaha galbeedku waa Canfarta (ama Danakil) oo ay Ciisahu si joogto ah ula dagaalami jireen. IM Lewis waxa uu ku tilmaami jiray "xaalad cadaawad joogto ah oo ka dhaxaysa Ciise iyo Cafar", Barigooda reer ciise waxa ay xidhiidh la leeyihiin Gadabuursiga Somaliyeed oo ay dareemayaan in ay isku isir yihiin oo ay isku isir iyo dhaqan wadaagaan. Ku socota Koonfur Gurguura, Hawiye iyo Oromo. Magacyada Caddaanka iyo Madow, sida horgale loogu sii dhigay Issa, si fudud u tixraac qaybintooda juqraafiga; Buuro kala duwan oo galbeed ka xiga oo barbar socda jidka Jabuuti iyo Harrar ayaa u adeega sida xariiqda kala qaybisa; Ciisaha cad waa kuwa ugu dhow badda, halka Isaaqa Madow ee ka baxsan xadka. Kala duwanaanshiyahan ayaa waxaa sabab u ah sida ay u egyihiin labada dal, iyadoo dalka dhanka galbeed ka xiga uu ku dhow yahay in uu ka kooban yahay ciid, dalka dhanka bari ka xigana uu yahay mid inta badan qariyay dhagax weyn oo basaltic ah. Natiijo ahaan, kii hore wuxuu leeyahay muuqaal madow sababtoo ah dabeecaddiisa volcano, halka kan dambe uu yahay saxare cad oo bacaad ah. Ciisaha Madow wuxuu ka kooban yahay Wardiq , qaybo ka mid ah Muuse Eleeye, Horrone oo dhan, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Furlabe iyo Walaldoon. Cidda Cad waxay sida caadiga ah ka kooban tahay qaar ka mid ah Furlabe, qayb Muuse Eleeye ah, iyo qayb Mamassan ah, iyo qayb Walaldoon ah. ==Xeer-dhaqameedka Xeerka & Maamulka== [[File:Ugaas_Rooble.png|thumb|Ciise Ugaas Rooble oo la sawiran adeerkii Shirdoon 1885kii]] Odayaashii Ciise oo u shaqaynayay sidii qoys beeleed isku xidhan, waxa ay la kulmeen dhibaatooyin badan oo ay ka mid yihiin colaado sokeeye, abaaro, budhcadnimo, khalkhal ganacsi iyo qas bulsho. Iyagoo ka jawaabaya, waxay dejiyeen dastuur dhaqameed loogu magac daray Xeer Ciise, oo ku sifoobay mabaadi'da awood qaybsiga, midaynta bulshada si ay u raadiyaan xasillooni iyo kala dambayn. Sida dhaqanka afka ah, sida ay cuqaasha Ciise ka sheekeeyaan, dhowr qarni ka hor, awoowayaashii beesha Ciisaha waxa ay safar tahriib ah kaga soo baxeen Saylac, iyaga oo aakhirkii isugu yimi buurta Sitti ee hadda loo yaqaan Caasha Wereda. Goobtan gaarka ah waxa loo yaqaannay Laas-Harad. Si uu u noqdo oday Ciise oo uu u noqdo wakiil ka socda laba-iyo-tobanka beelood ee Ciise, waa in la buuxiyaa laba shuruudood oo aasaasi ah: labada waalidba waa inay noolaadaan, oo waxay u baahan yihiin inay helaan wiil. Si loo fududeeyo maamulkooda iyo hannaankooda go'aan gaarista, koox ka kooban afartan iyo afartan oday ayaa shirar socday muddo bil ah ku qabtay Buurta Sitti. Laba iyo tobanka beelood ee Ciisaha mid kastaa wuxuu isu beddeshay in uu cuqaasha u qaybiyo inta uu shirku socdo. Muddo ka dib, golahan odayaashu waxa ay hindiseen xeerar dhammaystiran oo 362 ah oo aan qornayn oo loo yaqaan "hera." Sheekadu waxay leedahay in dhacdo muhiim ah ay dhacday mid ka mid ah shirarka Buur Sitti markii daruur ay u muuqatay inay si toos ah uga laadlaadsan tahay wakiillada hal beel oo Ciise ah, Wardik. Dhacdadan aan caadiga ahayn ayaa guud ahaan lagu macneeyay inay tahay calaamad Rabbaani ah, taasoo muujineysa in Wardiqiintu ay yihiin kuwo loo doortay, xitaa Eebbe, si ay u gutaan doorarka hoggaamineed ee beesha Ciise/Soomaaliyeed. Sidaa darteed, wixii intaa ka dambeeyay, hoggaamiyaha Ciise/Soomaaliyeed, ee loo yaqaan Ugaaska, ayaa si joogto ah looga soo xulay beesha Wardiq. Inkasta oo Ughaz ay lahayd maamulka ugu sarreeya, haddana beesha Ciisaha waxa ay si gaar ah u ilaalinaysaa qaab-dhismeed bulsho oo sinnaan ku dhisan oo salka ku haya hayb-beeleed, kaas oo qof kasta, iyadoo aan loo eegin lab iyo dheddig, loo tixgaliyo in ay siman yihiin, qof kastaana waxa uu xaq u leeyahay in uu fikirkiisa ka dhiibto arrimaha khuseeya qabiilkiisa. Sidaa darteed, go'aan-qaadasho ku salaysan is-afgarad ayaa ah caadada dhexdooda. Habka go'aan gaarista ugu horrayn waxa ku jira wada-tashi, halkaas oo xubin kasta oo lab ah oo ku abtirsada ay xaq u leedahay in ay ka qaybgasho doodaha la xidhiidha arrimaha qabaa'ilka ee shir-wadareed loo yaqaan 'shir'. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jirta maxkamad ka kooban afartan iyo afar wakiil, oo matalaya qaybaha kala duwan ee qabiilka, oo loo yaqaan 'Rer Gendi'. Qaybtani waxa ay u adeegtaa laba ujeedo sida maxkamada rafcaanka ee garsoorka iyo urur dhaqameed labadaba. Waxa si gaar ah loo qabtaa xilliyada xaaladaha degdegga ah ama dhibaatooyinka qaranka. ==Nasab== [[File:Sheikh_Issa_Tomb.png|thumb|Qabriga Sheekh Ciise oo ahaa aabbihii dhidibada u taagay beesha Ciisaha ee gobolka Sanaag .]] Ciisahu dhaqan ahaan waxa uu xidhiidhkooda ka raadiyaa Dir, qabrigiisu waxa uu u dhexeeyaa Rugay iyo Maydh ee bariga Somaliland Qabriga Sheekh Ciise waxay u badan tahay inuu ka hor imaanshaha maxalliga ah ee Islaamka , taas oo macnaheedu yahay dhismayaashooda wuxuu dhacay qarnigii 13aad ama ka hor. ===Qari=== Issa waxay ka tirsan tahay T-M184 haplogroup waxaana TMRCA lagu qiyaasaa inay tahay 2100-2200 sano ama 150 BCE. ===Geed qabiil=== Iyadoo lagu salaynayo qoraalada urur bulsheed ee Ciisaha Somaliyeed. Ciise wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laamaha soo socda. Ciise *Ēleye' (Musse & Mamasan) *Walaldon (Idleh & Youssouf) *Hoolle (Mahadle & Saa'ib) *Hōrrōne (Habar Walaal & Geele Walaal) *Ūrweyne(Cabdelle & Fiqi) *Wardiiq (Wakhtishiil & Rumawaaq) ==Dadka caanka ah ee Ciise== [[File:Ismail_Omar_Guelleh_2010.jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Jabuuti Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle]] *Maxamuud Xarbi : Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Golaha Dawladda Faransiiska Somaliland . *Xasan Guuleed Aptidoon : 1916–2006, Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti 1977 ilaa 1999. *Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle : Madaxweynaha Jabuuti 1999kii. *Lula Cali Ismaaciil : Jibuuti- Canadian agaasimaha filimada *Cabdoo Xamargod : Muusikiiste *Daahir Axmed Faarax : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Cabdiraxmaan Waaberi : qoraa *Ahmed-Idriss Moussa :Siyaasi Jabuutiyaan ah *Nima Djama : muusikiiste *Aicha Bogoreh : Marwada koowaad ee Jabuuti *Axmed Boulaleh Barreh : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Axmed Saalax : Orodyahanka Jabuuti *Idriss Arnaoud Ali : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Xabiiba Cabdilaahi : Musician *Cumar Faarax Iltireh : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Aden Robleh Awaleh : Madaxweynaha Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Qaranka . *Xaawo Axmed Yuusuf : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Mohamed Ali Fourchette : muusikiiste *Rooble Olhaye : Wakiilka joogtada ah ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti. *Kadra Axmed Xasan : Ergeyga Joogtada ah ee Qaramada Midoobay iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti. *Yacin Bouh : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah. *Xasan Dharaar Hufane : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah *Cabdalla Cabdillahi Migil : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah &Xuseen Axmed Saalax : Orodyahanka Maratoonka Jabuuti. *Moumin Bahdon : Siyaasi reer Jabuuti ah. *Aïcha Mohamed Robleh : Qoraa *Jamaal Cabdi Diiriye : Orodyahan *Faadumo Axmed Dhimbiil : Fanaanad *Abdi Waiss Mouxiyadiin : Orodyahan *Axmed Daahir : Kubadda Cagta *Aden Faarax Samatar : Fanaan *Youssouf Hiss Bachir : Orodyahanka *Maxamed Yuusuf : Badmaax *Axmed Goumane-Rooble : Siyaasi *Djama Robleh : Orodyahanka *Roda Ali Wais : Orodyahan *Mohamed Ali Fourchette : muusikiiste *Mouna-Hodan Axmed : Abwaan *Hoche Yaya Aden : Orodyahanka *Moumina Houssein Darar : Baaraha Jabuuti ee la dagaalanka Argagaxisada. *Aadan Faarax : Afhayeenka Aqalka Sare ee Itoobiya *Choukri Djibah : Siyaasi iyo u dhaqdhaqaaqa sinaanta haweenka. *Mohamoud Dirir Geeddi : Siyaasi Itoobiya ==Tixraac== [https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ac7672.html "Refworld | 1) Cadaadiska Qowmiyada Ciisaha ee Itoobiya; 2) Cadaadiska ay dadka Itoobiya ku hayaan qowmiyadda Soomaalida ee ku nool waqooyiga Itoobiya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XMoNDgAAQBAJ&q=Dir Shucuubta Geeska Afrika (Soomaalida, Canfarta iyo Saaxo): Waqooyi Bari Afrika Qaybta 1aad] [https://books.google.com/books?id=j3DGs00LT8EC Shucuubta Geeska Afrika: Soomaali, Canfar iyo Saaxo] [https://books.google.com/books?id=29wxAQAAIAAJ&q=Aysa+the+nominal+ Hoosta Calanka iyo Sheekooyinka Xeebaha Soomaaliyeed] [https://books.google.com/books?id=ItguAAAAYAAJ&dq=comalis+issas+tadjoura&pg=PA371 La gazette géographique iyo l'sahaminta] [https://books.google.com/books?id=p3N0DwAAQBAJ&dq=This+is+because+the+Issa+are+afraid+of+the+Nole&pg=PA112 Emirate, Masaarida, Xabashida: Waaya aragnimada Gumaysiga ee Qarnigii Sagaalaad ee Harar dabayaaqadii] [https://books.google.com/books?id=p3N0DwAAQBAJ&dq=This+is+because+the+Issa+are+afraid+of+the+Nole&pg=PA112 Emirate, Masaarida, Xabashida: Waaya aragnimada Gumaysiga ee Qarnigii Sagaalaad ee Harar dabayaaqadii] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43131170 "Afars, Issas ... iyo Jabuutiyaanka: Xagga Taariikhda Madaahibta"] [http://www.unhcr.org/3d5d0f3a4.pdf Bulshada xoolo dhaqatada ah iyo qaxootiga ka gudba: dhaq-dhaqaaqa dadweynaha ee Somaliland iyo bariga Itoobiya 1988-2000. Arrimaha Cusub ee Cilmi-baarista Qaxootiga, Warqadda Shaqada ee No. 65] [http://tobiashagmann.freeflux.net/files/media/publications/non-refereed/hagmann_roape-2005.pdf Caqabadaha Maamul-daadejinta ee Gobolka Soomaalida Itoobiya] {{Wayback|url=http://tobiashagmann.freeflux.net/files/media/publications/non-refereed/hagmann_roape-2005.pdf |date=20140116114912 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=XD9oFjvFurAC&q=issa+gurgura&pg=PA135 Awood Siyaasadeed iyo Federaal Qowmiyadeed: Halganka Dimuqraadiyadda ee Itoobiya] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/179798 "Qodobada Taariikhiga ah ee Abtirsiimada ee Qaabdhismeedka Bulsho ee Waqooyiga Soomaaliya", Joornaalka Taariikhda Afrika] [[doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390|"Soo noqnoqoshada sare ee jiilka koromosoomyada Y oo lagu garto E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 ee ragga Soomaaliyeed"]] [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics] [http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf Unugga Macluumaadka iyo Siyaasadda Dalka, Xafiiska Arrimaha Gudaha, Ingiriiska, Qiimaynta Soomaaliya 2001, Lifaaqa B: Qaab-dhismeedka Qabiilka Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf |date=20110716081350 }} http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Amani%20Papers/AP_Volume1_n2_May2010.pdf ==Xiriirinta dibadda== King, Preston (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ANEwAAAAMAAJ Jiilaal Afrikaan ah] 1itkgtmvpa3gvt7s4bpl5eubgigvxpv Ufeyn 0 5884 306188 306143 2026-08-30T13:43:49Z Geedi921 47176 /* */ 306188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = Ufeyn secondary.jpeg | imagesize = 90px | image_caption = | image_flag = Puntland Star, Logo.png | flag_size = 90px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Pre-2023 Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 90px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom puntland | pushpin_relief = Haa | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Afrika | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name2 = uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmada]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ufayn]] | established_title = la aasaasay | established_date = 1958 | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 38 | area_land_km2 = 177 | population_as_of = 30,850 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Axmed Abshir Siciid }} '''Bosaso''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ufayn ) waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn waqooyi bari gobolka [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]].Deegaanada Hoos Yimaada , Geesaqabad, Kobdhexaad , Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley ,Beeraha Dulcadayle, Tisjiic kobdhexaad To Ufayn 31Km ==Goobta== Deegaankan ayaa ku yaala meel u dhow xuduudka gobolka Sanaag ee SSC iyo meel ka baxsan laamiga, inta u dhaxaysa Boosaaso iyo Iskushuban oo ah dhulka saxaraha ah ee dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan buuraleyda Ahl Mescat ==Waxbarashada== Ufeyn waxay leedahay dhowr xarumo waxbarasho. Sida ay sheegtay wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxaa degmada Ufeyn ku yaalla 10 dugsi hoose dhexe. Waxaa ka mid ah Daarul Cilmi, Kobdhexaad, Geesa Qabad iyo Jedaal. Dugsiyada sare ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah dugsiga sare ee Cabdullaahi Ibraahim. ==Doorashada degmada== Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Puntland waxay qabatay doorasho degmo oo dimoqraadi ah oo ka dhacday saddex degmo oo midi ay ahayd Ufeyn. Hoggaanka dawladda hoose ee hadda jira waxa lagu doortay nidaamkaas dimuqraadiga ah. ==Xusuusin== [http://www.moepuntland.com/primary/ "Puntland - Dugsiga Hoose"] [http://www.moepuntland.com/secondary/ "Puntland - Secondary Schools"] [https://sonna.so/en/puntland-state-holds-historic-local-election-in-three-towns/ "Dowlad goboleedka Puntland waxaa ka dhacay doorasho taariikhi ah oo ka dhacday saddex magaalo"] ==Tixraac== [http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4575438&fid=5783&c=somalia Ufeyn, Soomaaliya] rrfnt70sfy7r5c186lon0kuje50jsry 306189 306188 2026-08-30T13:52:15Z Geedi921 47176 /* Goobta */ 306189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = Ufeyn secondary.jpeg | imagesize = 90px | image_caption = | image_flag = Puntland Star, Logo.png | flag_size = 90px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Pre-2023 Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 90px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom puntland | pushpin_relief = Haa | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Afrika | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name2 = uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmada]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ufayn]] | established_title = la aasaasay | established_date = 1958 | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 38 | area_land_km2 = 177 | population_as_of = 30,850 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Axmed Abshir Siciid }} '''Bosaso''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ufayn ) waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn waqooyi bari gobolka [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]].Deegaanada Hoos Yimaada , Geesaqabad, Kobdhexaad , Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley ,Beeraha Dulcadayle, Tisjiic kobdhexaad To Ufayn 31Km ==Goobta== Deegaankan ayaa ku yaala meel u dhow xuduudka gobolka Sanaag ee SSC iyo meel ka baxsan laamiga, inta u dhaxaysa Boosaaso iyo Iskushuban oo ah dhulka saxaraha ah ee dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan buuraleyda Ahl Mescat Waxaa Hoostaga Geesaqabad ,Kobdhexaad, Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley, Beeraha Dulcadayle, Tisjiic sidoo Kale inta Masaafo ay isu Jiraan Deegaanada iyo Degmada Kobdhexaad To Ufayn 31Km Samakaab Ilaa Kobdhexaad 13Km Tisjiic Ilaa Samakaab 19 Km Geesaqabad ilaa Ufayn 39Km ==Waxbarashada== Ufeyn waxay leedahay dhowr xarumo waxbarasho. Sida ay sheegtay wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxaa degmada Ufeyn ku yaalla 10 dugsi hoose dhexe. Waxaa ka mid ah Daarul Cilmi, Kobdhexaad, Geesa Qabad iyo Jedaal. Dugsiyada sare ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah dugsiga sare ee Cabdullaahi Ibraahim. ==Doorashada degmada== Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Puntland waxay qabatay doorasho degmo oo dimoqraadi ah oo ka dhacday saddex degmo oo midi ay ahayd Ufeyn. Hoggaanka dawladda hoose ee hadda jira waxa lagu doortay nidaamkaas dimuqraadiga ah. ==Xusuusin== [http://www.moepuntland.com/primary/ "Puntland - Dugsiga Hoose"] [http://www.moepuntland.com/secondary/ "Puntland - Secondary Schools"] [https://sonna.so/en/puntland-state-holds-historic-local-election-in-three-towns/ "Dowlad goboleedka Puntland waxaa ka dhacay doorasho taariikhi ah oo ka dhacday saddex magaalo"] ==Tixraac== [http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4575438&fid=5783&c=somalia Ufeyn, Soomaaliya] r754mz94o44skr59a15535yt74tx4qx 306190 306189 2026-08-30T13:55:13Z Geedi921 47176 /* Goobta */ 306190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = Ufeyn secondary.jpeg | imagesize = 90px | image_caption = | image_flag = Puntland Star, Logo.png | flag_size = 90px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Pre-2023 Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 90px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom puntland | pushpin_relief = Haa | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Afrika | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name2 = uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmada]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ufayn]] | established_title = la aasaasay | established_date = 1958 | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 38 | area_land_km2 = 177 | population_as_of = 30,850 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Axmed Abshir Siciid }} '''Bosaso''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ufayn ) waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn waqooyi bari gobolka [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]].Deegaanada Hoos Yimaada , Geesaqabad, Kobdhexaad , Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley ,Beeraha Dulcadayle, Tisjiic kobdhexaad To Ufayn 31Km ==Goobta== Deegaankan ayaa ku yaala meel u dhow xuduudka gobolka Sanaag ee SSC iyo meel ka baxsan laamiga, inta u dhaxaysa Boosaaso iyo Iskushuban oo ah dhulka saxaraha ah ee dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan buuraleyda Ahl Mescat Waxaa Hoostaga Geesaqabad , Tisjiic ,Kobdhexaad, Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley, Beeraha Dulcadayle, , sidoo Kale inta Masaafo ay isu Jiraan Deegaanada iyo Degmada Kobdhexaad To Ufayn 31Km Samakaab To Kobdhexaad 13Km Tisjiic To Samakaab 19 Km Geesaqabad To Ufayn 39Km Moqor To Ufayn 21Km Tisjiic To Ufayn 63Km ==Waxbarashada== Ufeyn waxay leedahay dhowr xarumo waxbarasho. Sida ay sheegtay wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxaa degmada Ufeyn ku yaalla 10 dugsi hoose dhexe. Waxaa ka mid ah Daarul Cilmi, Kobdhexaad, Geesa Qabad iyo Jedaal. Dugsiyada sare ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah dugsiga sare ee Cabdullaahi Ibraahim. ==Doorashada degmada== Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Puntland waxay qabatay doorasho degmo oo dimoqraadi ah oo ka dhacday saddex degmo oo midi ay ahayd Ufeyn. Hoggaanka dawladda hoose ee hadda jira waxa lagu doortay nidaamkaas dimuqraadiga ah. ==Xusuusin== [http://www.moepuntland.com/primary/ "Puntland - Dugsiga Hoose"] [http://www.moepuntland.com/secondary/ "Puntland - Secondary Schools"] [https://sonna.so/en/puntland-state-holds-historic-local-election-in-three-towns/ "Dowlad goboleedka Puntland waxaa ka dhacay doorasho taariikhi ah oo ka dhacday saddex magaalo"] ==Tixraac== [http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4575438&fid=5783&c=somalia Ufeyn, Soomaaliya] 5doisc0qqmtyha3vwdwzsnzl9vrzbhv 306191 306190 2026-08-30T13:56:07Z Geedi921 47176 /* */ 306191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = Ufeyn secondary.jpeg | imagesize = 90px | image_caption = | image_flag = Puntland Star, Logo.png | flag_size = 90px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Pre-2023 Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 90px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom puntland | pushpin_relief = Haa | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Afrika | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name2 = uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmada]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ufayn]] | established_title = la aasaasay | established_date = 1958 | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 38 | area_land_km2 = 177 | population_as_of = 30,850 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Axmed Abshir Siciid }} '''Bosaso''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ufayn ) waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn waqooyi bari gobolka [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]].Deegaanada Hoos Yimaada , Geesaqabad, TKobdhexaad , Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley ,Beeraha Dulcadayle Tisjiic, ==Goobta== Deegaankan ayaa ku yaala meel u dhow xuduudka gobolka Sanaag ee SSC iyo meel ka baxsan laamiga, inta u dhaxaysa Boosaaso iyo Iskushuban oo ah dhulka saxaraha ah ee dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan buuraleyda Ahl Mescat Waxaa Hoostaga Geesaqabad , Tisjiic ,Kobdhexaad, Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley, Beeraha Dulcadayle, , sidoo Kale inta Masaafo ay isu Jiraan Deegaanada iyo Degmada Kobdhexaad To Ufayn 31Km Samakaab To Kobdhexaad 13Km Tisjiic To Samakaab 19 Km Geesaqabad To Ufayn 39Km Moqor To Ufayn 21Km Tisjiic To Ufayn 63Km ==Waxbarashada== Ufeyn waxay leedahay dhowr xarumo waxbarasho. Sida ay sheegtay wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxaa degmada Ufeyn ku yaalla 10 dugsi hoose dhexe. Waxaa ka mid ah Daarul Cilmi, Kobdhexaad, Geesa Qabad iyo Jedaal. Dugsiyada sare ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah dugsiga sare ee Cabdullaahi Ibraahim. ==Doorashada degmada== Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Puntland waxay qabatay doorasho degmo oo dimoqraadi ah oo ka dhacday saddex degmo oo midi ay ahayd Ufeyn. Hoggaanka dawladda hoose ee hadda jira waxa lagu doortay nidaamkaas dimuqraadiga ah. ==Xusuusin== [http://www.moepuntland.com/primary/ "Puntland - Dugsiga Hoose"] [http://www.moepuntland.com/secondary/ "Puntland - Secondary Schools"] [https://sonna.so/en/puntland-state-holds-historic-local-election-in-three-towns/ "Dowlad goboleedka Puntland waxaa ka dhacay doorasho taariikhi ah oo ka dhacday saddex magaalo"] ==Tixraac== [http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4575438&fid=5783&c=somalia Ufeyn, Soomaaliya] hqzkyu3otp1ao7zr2ulu33lh0phmorn 306192 306191 2026-08-30T14:18:24Z Isma4l 41797 306192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = Ufeyn secondary.jpeg | imagesize = 90px | image_caption = | image_flag = Puntland Star, Logo.png | flag_size = 90px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Pre-2023 Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 90px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom puntland | pushpin_relief = Haa | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Afrika | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name2 = uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmada]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ufayn]] | established_title = la aasaasay | established_date = 1958 | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 38 | area_land_km2 = 177 | population_as_of = 30,850 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Axmed Abshir Siciid }} '''Bosaso''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ufayn ) waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn waqooyi bari gobolka [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]]. , Geesaqabad, TKobdhexaad , Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley ,Beeraha Dulcadayle Tisjiic, ==Goobta== Deegaankan ayaa ku yaala meel u dhow xuduudka gobolka Sanaag ee SSC iyo meel ka baxsan laamiga, inta u dhaxaysa Boosaaso iyo Iskushuban oo ah dhulka saxaraha ah ee dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan buuraleyda Ahl Mescat Waxaa Hoostaga Geesaqabad , Tisjiic ,Kobdhexaad, Jeedaal ,Moqor, Xabley, Beeraha Dulcadayle, , sidoo Kale inta Masaafo ay isu Jiraan Deegaanada iyo Degmada Kobdhexaad To Ufayn 31Km Samakaab To Kobdhexaad 13Km Tisjiic To Samakaab 19 Km Geesaqabad To Ufayn 39Km Moqor To Ufayn 21Km Tisjiic To Ufayn 63Km ==Waxbarashada== Ufeyn waxay leedahay dhowr xarumo waxbarasho. Sida ay sheegtay wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxaa degmada Ufeyn ku yaalla 10 dugsi hoose dhexe. Waxaa ka mid ah Daarul Cilmi, Kobdhexaad, Geesa Qabad iyo Jedaal. Dugsiyada sare ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah dugsiga sare ee Cabdullaahi Ibraahim. ==Doorashada degmada== Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Puntland waxay qabatay doorasho degmo oo dimoqraadi ah oo ka dhacday saddex degmo oo midi ay ahayd Ufeyn. Hoggaanka dawladda hoose ee hadda jira waxa lagu doortay nidaamkaas dimuqraadiga ah. ==Xusuusin== [http://www.moepuntland.com/primary/ "Puntland - Dugsiga Hoose"] [http://www.moepuntland.com/secondary/ "Puntland - Secondary Schools"] [https://sonna.so/en/puntland-state-holds-historic-local-election-in-three-towns/ "Dowlad goboleedka Puntland waxaa ka dhacay doorasho taariikhi ah oo ka dhacday saddex magaalo"] ==Tixraac== [http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4575438&fid=5783&c=somalia Ufeyn, Soomaaliya] 0lkhor5rj2int6o31x2sime293u77zm 306193 306192 2026-08-30T14:19:02Z Isma4l 41797 306193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = Ufeyn secondary.jpeg | imagesize = 90px | image_caption = | image_flag = Puntland Star, Logo.png | flag_size = 90px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Pre-2023 Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 90px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom puntland | pushpin_relief = Haa | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Afrika | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name2 = uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmada]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ufayn]] | established_title = la aasaasay | established_date = 1958 | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 38 | area_land_km2 = 177 | population_as_of = 30,850 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Axmed Abshir Siciid }} '''Bosaso''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ufayn ) waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn waqooyi bari gobolka [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]]. ==Goobta== Deegaankan ayaa ku yaala meel u dhow xuduudka gobolka Sanaag ee SSC iyo meel ka baxsan laamiga, inta u dhaxaysa Boosaaso iyo Iskushuban oo ah dhulka saxaraha ah ee dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan buuraleyda Ahl Mescat ==Waxbarashada== Ufeyn waxay leedahay dhowr xarumo waxbarasho. Sida ay sheegtay wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxaa degmada Ufeyn ku yaalla 10 dugsi hoose dhexe. Waxaa ka mid ah Daarul Cilmi, Kobdhexaad, Geesa Qabad iyo Jedaal. Dugsiyada sare ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah dugsiga sare ee Cabdullaahi Ibraahim. ==Doorashada degmada== Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Puntland waxay qabatay doorasho degmo oo dimoqraadi ah oo ka dhacday saddex degmo oo midi ay ahayd Ufeyn. Hoggaanka dawladda hoose ee hadda jira waxa lagu doortay nidaamkaas dimuqraadiga ah. ==Xusuusin== [http://www.moepuntland.com/primary/ "Puntland - Dugsiga Hoose"] [http://www.moepuntland.com/secondary/ "Puntland - Secondary Schools"] [https://sonna.so/en/puntland-state-holds-historic-local-election-in-three-towns/ "Dowlad goboleedka Puntland waxaa ka dhacay doorasho taariikhi ah oo ka dhacday saddex magaalo"] ==Tixraac== [http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4575438&fid=5783&c=somalia Ufeyn, Soomaaliya] n4dtxw9oavdox9a6c5z3um47gzhdaks 306194 306193 2026-08-30T14:24:11Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Ufeyn]]" ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn)) 306193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | nickname = | settlement_type = Degmo | motto = | image_skyline = Ufeyn secondary.jpeg | imagesize = 90px | image_caption = | image_flag = Puntland Star, Logo.png | flag_size = 90px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Pre-2023 Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 90px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom puntland | pushpin_relief = Haa | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Afrika | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name2 = uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmada]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ufayn]] | established_title = la aasaasay | established_date = 1958 | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 38 | area_land_km2 = 177 | population_as_of = 30,850 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Axmed Abshir Siciid }} '''Bosaso''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Ufayn ) waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn waqooyi bari gobolka [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]]. ==Goobta== Deegaankan ayaa ku yaala meel u dhow xuduudka gobolka Sanaag ee SSC iyo meel ka baxsan laamiga, inta u dhaxaysa Boosaaso iyo Iskushuban oo ah dhulka saxaraha ah ee dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan buuraleyda Ahl Mescat ==Waxbarashada== Ufeyn waxay leedahay dhowr xarumo waxbarasho. Sida ay sheegtay wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxaa degmada Ufeyn ku yaalla 10 dugsi hoose dhexe. Waxaa ka mid ah Daarul Cilmi, Kobdhexaad, Geesa Qabad iyo Jedaal. Dugsiyada sare ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah dugsiga sare ee Cabdullaahi Ibraahim. ==Doorashada degmada== Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Puntland waxay qabatay doorasho degmo oo dimoqraadi ah oo ka dhacday saddex degmo oo midi ay ahayd Ufeyn. Hoggaanka dawladda hoose ee hadda jira waxa lagu doortay nidaamkaas dimuqraadiga ah. ==Xusuusin== [http://www.moepuntland.com/primary/ "Puntland - Dugsiga Hoose"] [http://www.moepuntland.com/secondary/ "Puntland - Secondary Schools"] [https://sonna.so/en/puntland-state-holds-historic-local-election-in-three-towns/ "Dowlad goboleedka Puntland waxaa ka dhacay doorasho taariikhi ah oo ka dhacday saddex magaalo"] ==Tixraac== [http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4575438&fid=5783&c=somalia Ufeyn, Soomaaliya] n4dtxw9oavdox9a6c5z3um47gzhdaks Maroodi Jeex 0 7200 306311 296004 2026-08-31T10:12:01Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 292841 wikitext text/x-wiki Marodi Jeh ( [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] : Maroodi Jeex [[Carabi]] : مرودي جيح ), oo hore loo odhan jiray Woqooyi Galbeed ( lit. Waqooyi Galbeed ) waa ( gobol ) oo ku yaala galbeedka [[Somaliland]] . Waa gobolka ugu dadka badan dalka. Dhanka galbeed waxa ka xiga Awdal , waqooyina waxa ka xiga [[Saaxil]] , bari waxa ka xiga [[Togdheer]], Koonfurna waxa ka xiga [[Itoobiya]] .Maroodi Jeex waxa uu ku unkay in la kala gooyo gobolkii hore u jiray (gobolka). {{Infobox settlement | name = | native_name = {{native name|so|italics=no|Maroodi Jeex/مَرودِ جيحْ}} <br /> {{native name|ar|italics=no|مَرودي جيح}} | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobol]] | image_skyline = [[File:Naasa Hablood - Virgin's Breast Mountain, Hargeisa, Somalilanad.jpg|250px]] | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = [[Naaso hablood]] Buuraha Duleedka [[Hargeysa]] | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Marodijeh in Somaliland.svg | mapsize = 250px |pushpin_map =Somaliland | map_caption = Goobta Somaliland | coordinates = {{coord|6|6|47|N|47|59|17|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = [[Xarunta maamulka]] | seat = [[Hargeysa]] | government_type = | leader_title = [[Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Maroodi Jeex|Gudoomiye]] | leader_name = [[Maxamed Axmed Caalin]] | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 57429 | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 2,100,000 |population_footnotes= | population_as_of = 2020 | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.653<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#500|low}} · [[Liiska gobolada Somaliland marka loo eego heerka horumarka Aadamaha|1 aad ee 6]]<ref>Including [[Saaxil]]</ref> | website = | footnotes = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | official_name = }} ==Asal erayga== Gobolka Maroodi-jeex (oo macnaheedu yahay “Maroodi kala qaybsamay” ) waxay u dhigantaa magaca taariikhiga ah ee Tog Maroodi Jeex, oo ah webi xilliyeedka oo mara gobolka xilliyada roobabka: Hargeysi waxa ay ku taal Tug Maroodijeex, oo bangigiisu aad u dhir badan yahay, isla markaana ay ku faani karto cimilo aad u wanaagsan sanadka oo dhan, waxana ay u jirtaa kala badh jidka dheer ee Bulxaar ilaa Jig-jiga ee xuduudka Xabashida, mar walba waxa ay u badan tahay in ay muhiimad gaar ah u leedahay safarrada. Boqolkiiba tirada badan ee ganacsiga Ogadayn waxa uu maraa Bulxaar oo xeebta ah. Kahor 2007-dii Maroodi Jeex waxa loo bixiyay Woqooyi Galbeed, waa magac ay wali isticmaalaan ururada caalamiga ah qaarkood sida OCHA iyo FAO. ==Taariikhda== Markii hore loo odhan jiray Degmada Hargeysa, waxay ka mid ahayd lix degmo oo ka mid ahaa maxmiyaddii Ingiriiska ee Somaliland . Sannadkii 1960kii, Dawladdii Somaliland ee xilligaasi xorta ahayd waxay la midowday Somaliland oo Talyaani ah oo ay dhisteen Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya . Sannadkii 1964-kii, Degmadii wakhtigaa Hargeysa waxay ku biirtay degmada Boorama (hadda Awdal ) iyo degmada Berbera (hadda Saaxil ) oo ay ka samaysmeen gobolka Woqooyi Galbeed (macnaha Waqooyi Galbeed , sidoo kalena loo yaqaanno gobolka Hargeysa). Degmada Boorama (hadda Awdal ) waxa laga xardhay galbeedka gobolka Woqooyi Galbeed bishii June 1984. Markii uu dhacay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya , waxa dhulkii hore ee Ingiriisku ku dhawaaqay dib u soo noolaynta maamulkii Somaliland ee xornimada ka hor . 1991kii degmada Berbera (hadda Saaxil ) waxa laga xardhay waqooyiga gobolka Woqooyi Galbeed. 2007dii gobolka Woqooyi Galbeed waxa loo beddelay Maroodi Jeex. ==Dulmar== Maroodi Jeex waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Itoobiya dhanka koonfureed, dhanka galbeedna waxa ka xiga gobolka Awdal , barina waxa ka xiga Togdheer . Caasimadeedu waa Hargeysa . Waxaa la og yahay in uu yahay gobol aad istaraatiiji ah oo leh dhul beereed qani ah iyo dekedo waaweyn. waxa kale oo ku jira magaalada Toon oo ah xarunta dhaqanka ee Suldaanka Isaaq . ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Qorshaynta Qaranka Somaliland, Gobolka Maroodi Jeex waxa ku nool 2.1 milyan oo qof sanadka 2020. Gobolka Maroodi Jeex waxa dega dad ka soo jeeda qoomiyada Somalida, kuwaas oo kala ah Arab , Ayuub , Habr Garxajis , Habr Awal iyo Habr Jeclo oo ka mid ah beelaha balaadhan ee Isaaq ==Degmooyinka== Sida ku cad xeerkii 2002, gobolka Maroodi-jeex waxa loo qaybiyay afar degmo oo waaweyn iyo lix degmo oo yaryar. Degmada Hargeysa (A) Degmada Gabiley (A) Degmada Baligubadle (C) Degmada Salaxlay (C) Degmada Faraweyne (D) Degmada Sabawanaag (D) Degmada Cadaadley (D) Daarasalaam Degmada (D) Degmada Allaybaday (D) Degmada Daar Buduq (D) Sida uu dhigayo xeerka 2019, gobolka Maroodi-jeex waxa loo qaybiyay afar degmo oo waaweyn iyo lix degmo oo yaryar. Degmada Hargeysa (A) Degmada Gabiley (A) Degmada Baligubadle (C) Degmada Salaxlay (C) Degmada Faraweyne (D) Degmada Sabawanaag (D) Degmada Cadaadley (D) Daarasalaam Degmada (D) Degmada Allaybaday (D) Degmada Bali-Mataan (D) Degmada Laasgeel (D) Degmada Wajaale (D) Degmada Agabar (D) Degmada Geed-Baladh (D) Arabsiyo (D) Degmada Dacarta (D) Degmada Gumburaha (D) Degmada Saylab-barri (D) Degmada Bali-cabane (D ==Maab== '''Maabka Gobolka Maroodi Jeex''' [[File:Somaliland-Maroodi_Jeh_Region.svg|thumb|]] ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland]] [[Gobolada Somaliland]] [[Degmooyinka Somaliland]] [[Soohdinta Soomaaliya iyo Somaliland]] ==Tixraac== [https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ "Hadda-hoosaad HDI - Xogta Aagga - Shaybaarka Xogta Caalamiga ah"] [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Xeerka_Gobollada_iyo_Degmooyinka_2007.htm "XEERKA GOBOLADA & DEGMOOYINKA: XEER NO: 23/2002 SIDA LA ISBEDDELIYEY 2007] [https://fts.unocha.org/plans/1063/projects?f%5B0%5D=destinationOrganizationIdName:9575:ActionAid%20International%20Somaliland&f%5B1%5D=destinationOrganizationIdName:12196:Wajid%20WASH%20Committee "Qorshaha Waxqabadka Bani'aadamnimada ee Soomaaliya 2022 | Adeegga Dabagalka Maaliyadda"] [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Local_Government_Law/Xeerka_Gobollada_iyo_Degmooyinka_2007.htm Xeerka Gobollada iyo Degmooyinka Somaliland] [https://books.google.com/books?id=TtsBlaaAv24C&dq=Gadabuursi+Gebileh&pg=PA13 SIYAASADDA AFRICAINE 50 La Corne de l'Afrique] [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&q=Gebile&pg=PA110 Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/121024_Administrative_Map_Wooqoyi%20Galbeed_A4.pdf Map Administrative of Woqooyi Galbeed] [[Category:Gobolada Somaliland]] {{Magaaloyaasha iyo Tuulooyinka Gobolka Maroodi Jeex}} {{Gobolada Soomaaliland}} 570n47qn8noipjstgxmajlvv68kkh37 Cabdulqaadir (degmo) 0 8320 306318 295524 2026-08-31T10:19:48Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 279182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Cabdulqaadir |image_skyline = |settlement_type = Magaalo |pushpin_map = Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption =Meesha kaga taalo wadanka Soomaaliya |subdivision_type = [[Wadan]]ka |subdivision_type1 = Gobolka |subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Somaaliya]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Awdal]] |subdivision_type2 =Degmada |subdivision_name2 =[[Degmada Saylac]] |established_title = |established_date = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of= |population_footnotes = |population_total = 567 |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=10|latm=30|lats=36|latNS=N |longd=42|longm=53|longs=31|longEW=E |coordinates_type = type:city(40074)_region:DJ |coordinates_display = inline,title |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m = 730 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Cabdulqaadir''' ({{lang-en|Abdol Ghadar}}; {{lang-ar|عبدول‌قادر}}) waa magaalo ku taala waqooyigalbeed gobolka [[Awdal]], wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. Magaaladani waxay ku taala deegaano ka tirsan [[Lamadegaan|banka Geriyaad]] ee dhexmara waqooyiga gobolkaasi. Intaas waxaa dheer, magaaladani waxay dhacdaa wadada iskuxidha magaalada [[Boorama]] iyo wadanka [[Djibouti]]. Juquraafi ahaan magaaladan waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Degmada Saylac]]. ==Bulshada== Sida lagu xusan tirokoob madaxbanaan oo [[Qaramada Midoobay]] hay'ado ka mid ah sameeyeen sanandkii 2012, waxaa la sheegay in bulshada magaalada Cabdulqaadir dhan tahay 567 qof oo si joogto ah u degan. Bulshada ku dhaqan magaaladan waxay u badan yihiin dad [[Soomaali]] ah, kuwaasi oo ka soo jeeda beelaha [[ciise]]. Waa [[magaalo]] katirsan [[gobolka]] [[Salal]] ee [[Soomaaliya|waqooyiga Soomaaliya]] ee maanta loo yaqaano [[Somaliland]]. Magaaladan waxay leedahay dugsi caan ah oo qadim ah waxaa daga qeeybo ka mid ah beelaha [[ciise]]. Magaalada Cabdiqaadir waxay saarantahay buuralayda Maar-maar. ==Magaalooyinka Maamulka Saylac iyo Lughaya== {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="margin:lem; margin-top:0;" |+ [[Maamulka Saylac & Lughaya]] |- !Magaca magaalada !Bulshada |- |[[Saylac]]||style="text-align:right;"|8,600 |- |[[Lawyacado]]||style="text-align:right;"|1,600 |- |[[Lughaya]]||style="text-align:right;"|1,501 |- |[[Ceel Gaal]]||style="text-align:right;"|124 |- |[[Cabdulqaadir (degmo)]]||style="text-align:right;"|567 |- |[[Xariirad]]||style="text-align:right;"|678 |- |[[Caasha Cado]]||style="text-align:right;"|421 |- |[[Jidhi]]||style="text-align:right;"|249 |} ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ==Tixraac== *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Awdal]] 2b8n7rvemw4n833r41n0l2nir6blhfh Template:Max 10 9597 306241 106109 2026-08-30T21:20:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306241 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Math|max}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> s2lyijw8m0l517bfw1z0srbw197c8fh Tutsi 0 19802 306312 295990 2026-08-31T10:12:43Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Kali duul|Kali duul]] 159363 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kivu road.jpg|thumb|Dad Tutsi ah]] '''Tutsi''' ({{lang-en|Tutsi }}{{lang-ar|توتسي}}) waa dadyow ku nool Geeska iyo dhwxda [[Afrika]] waxay aad u joogaan[[Ruwanda]]> iyo [[Burundi]], waa mid ka mida dhinacyadii isku haystay burundi ee isir sooca adeegsan jiray. dhinaca kale wxuu ahaa [[Huutuu]]ga. Tutsiga tiradoo waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 2.5 milyan , ruwaandha waxay ka yihiin  %15 meeshaa huutuugu yahay %85, waxaa aad loo xasuuqay dagaalada isir nacayka ah ee sagaashamaadkii ka dhacay wadanka ruwanda. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Dadka Zulu]] * [[Huutuu]] =Xigasho== * [http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Brazil-to-Congo-Republic-of/Tutsi.html "Tutsi" at everyculture.com] * [http://www.ictr.org The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (the status and judgments of all cases before the ICTR are available here)] {{Gumud}} [[Category:Qabiilooyin]] [[Category:Qabiilooyinka Afrika]] [[Category:Dadyow]] rra0fwj98ono1ov4ywla9du6mffhlrh Degmada Saylac 0 20155 306306 293610 2026-08-31T09:56:23Z شيخ عبد الرحمن 44350 /* Tirakoobka dadweynaha */ sixitaan 306306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Degmada Saylac | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = Saylac Somaliland.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Zeila in Awdal (Somaliland).svg | mapsize = | map_caption = Degmada Saylac ee [[Awdal]], Somaliland | pushpin_map = Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Awdal]] | subdivision_type2 = Caasimada | subdivision_name2 = [[Saylac]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2014 | population_footnotes = <ref name="docs.unocha.org">{{cite web |url=https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft) |website=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 76,951 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = }} '''Zeila District''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Degmada Saylac ) waa degmo ku taal galbeedka [[Somaliland]] caasimaddeedu waa [[Saylac]] . ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== [[File:An_old_map_of_Zeila_featuring_the_Somali_Gadabuursi_Dir_clan2.jpg|thumb|Maab duug ah oo Saylac ah oo ay ku jiraan beelaha Gadabuursi iyo Ciise ee qoyska Dir .]] Magaalada Saylac waxa dega dad ka soo jeeda qowmiyada Soomaalida , gaar ahaan beesha Gadabuursi ee Dir . Beesha Ciise oo ka mid ah beelaha Dir waxay tiro kooban ka yihiin degmada Saylac. Tim Glawion (2020) waxa uu qeexayaa tirada qabiilka ee labada magaalo ee Saylac iyo degmada Saylac: “Saddex goobood oo kala duwan ayaa lagu kala saari karaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo habka nabadgelyadu uga kooban tahay Saylac iyo nawaaxigeeda: Kow, magaalada Saylac oo ah xarunta maamulka oo xarun u ah hay’ado dawladeed oo badan, dadka deggan Gadabuursi/Samaroonna u badan yihiin inay ka ganacsadaan ama hawlo shaqo dawladeed, marka labaad, Tokhoshi oo ah goob macdan milix ah oo siddeed KM galbeed ka xigta magaalada Saylac iyo laba kooxood oo kala duwan oo ka soo jeeda gobolka Saylac iyo laba kooxood oo waaweyn oo nabad-gelyo ah. Gadabuursi/Samaroon) waxay deggan yihiin dhulka saddexaad ee miyiga koonfureed. Elisée Reclus (1886) waxay sharraxaysaa labada dariiq ee qadiimiga ah ee ka baxa Harar ilaa Saylac , hal waddo oo marta dhulka Maxamed case iyo hal waddo oo sii marta dhulka Makahiil . Qoraagu waxa uu ku tilmaamay magaalada Saylac iyo nawaaxigeeda in ay degan yihiin Gadabuursi , halka degmada Saylac iyo baadiyaha koonfurta ka xigtaa ay tahay dhul dhaqameedka beesha Maxamed case iyo jufooyin Ciise ka tirsan . Laba dariiq oo inta badan ay xidhaan kooxaha tuuga ah ayaa ka baxa Harar ilaa Saylac, midi waxa ay ka gudubtaa jiir dhinaca waqooyi ka xigta magaalada, ka dibna waxa ay ka soo rogmataa dooxa Cawash ee mara marinka Galdessa iyo dooxa, halkaasna waxa ay uga sii socotaa dhinaca badda iyada oo loo sii marayo dhulka Maxamed case iyo jufooyin Ciise ka midi degaan, oo ay ka soo gudubto silsilado dhagaxyo waaweyn ah oo dhinaca koonfureed u sii socda, haddana jihada kale ee waqooyi bari u sii socota. Marinka Darmi, oo ka gudba dalka Gadibuursiga ama Gudbuursiga, magaalada Saylac waxa ay koonfur ka xigtaa jasiirad yar oo jaziirado ah oo ku taal meel xeebta ka mid ah oo ay ku dheggan yihiin qabiilka Gadibuursi, waxa ay leedahay laba dekedood, oo midi ay maraan doonyo, balse aanay suurto gal ahayn in ay marakab ka soo degaan, halka ka kalena aanu ka fogayn 3 cagood oo dhinaca koonfureed ah. hoy badbaado leh oo loogu talagalay farsamada gacanta." ==Bulshada== Deegaanada hoosyimaada Degmada Saylac waxaa lagu cabiraa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay ilaa 18,566&nbsp;km kaasi ooy ku ay ku noolyihin beesha gadabuursi. Waxa mar hore Sida caadiga degmadani waxaa xarun u ah magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. Magaalooyin kale oo hoosyimaada maamulkani waxaa la mid ah [[Lughaya]], [[Caasha Cado]], [[Xariirad]], [[Jidhi]] iyo [[Lawyacado]] kuwaasi oo dhamaantood ah magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] }} ==Xigasho Eng: Rashid mohamed Ali == {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"] [https://www.un.int/somalia/somalia/country-facts "Xaqiiqda Dalka | Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9mnLDwAAQBAJ&q=samaron&pg=PA121 Goobta Nabadgelyada ee Afrika: Nidaam-samaynta maxalliga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe, Somaliland, iyo Koonfurta Suudaan] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PP1 Dhaqanka Burbursan: Dhaqanka, Sharciga iyo Shakhsiga ku sugan Badda Mediterranean-ka ee Muslimka] [https://books.google.com/books?id=psSrdehT3kkC&q=gadabursi+awdal&pg=PR5 "Cutubka 9aad: Wada-xaajoodka Qaranimada ee Hannaanka Siyaasadeed ee Isku-dhafka ah: Qadiyadda Somaliland"] *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awadal_Zeylac_A3.pdf Administrative map of Zeila District] *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} [[Category:Awdal]] 63cvibskmlxh35rq1uzr819r2wjhde5 306309 306306 2026-08-31T10:03:19Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:~2026-18995-7|~2026-18995-7]] 293610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Degmada Saylac | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = Saylac Somaliland.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Zeila in Awdal (Somaliland).svg | mapsize = | map_caption = Degmada Saylac ee [[Awdal]], Somaliland | pushpin_map = Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Awdal]] | subdivision_type2 = Caasimada | subdivision_name2 = [[Saylac]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2014 | population_footnotes = <ref name="docs.unocha.org">{{cite web |url=https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft) |website=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 76,951 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = }} '''Zeila District''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Degmada Saylac ) waa degmo ku taal galbeedka [[Somaliland]] caasimaddeedu waa [[Saylac]] . ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== [[File:An_old_map_of_Zeila_featuring_the_Somali_Gadabuursi_Dir_clan2.jpg|thumb|Maab duug ah oo Saylac ah oo ay ku jiraan beelaha Gadabuursi iyo Ciise ee qoyska Dir .]] Magaalada Saylac waxa dega dad ka soo jeeda qowmiyada Soomaalida , gaar ahaan beesha Gadabuursi ee Dir . Beesha Ciise oo ka mid ah beelaha Dir waxay si gaar ah uga dhex muuqdaan degmada Saylac ee ballaadhan. Tim Glawion (2020) waxa uu qeexayaa tirada qabiilka ee labada magaalo ee Saylac iyo degmada Saylac: “Saddex goobood oo kala duwan ayaa lagu kala saari karaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo habka nabadgelyadu uga kooban tahay Saylac iyo nawaaxigeeda: Kow, magaalada Saylac oo ah xarunta maamulka oo xarun u ah hay’ado dawladeed oo badan, dadka deggan Gadabuursi/Samaroonna u badan yihiin inay ka ganacsadaan ama hawlo shaqo dawladeed, marka labaad, Tokhoshi oo ah goob macdan milix ah oo siddeed KM galbeed ka xigta magaalada Saylac iyo laba kooxood oo kala duwan oo ka soo jeeda gobolka Saylac iyo laba kooxood oo waaweyn oo nabad-gelyo ah. iyo Gadabuursi/Samaroon) waxay wada deggan yihiin dhulka saddexaad ee miyiga koonfureed, oo ay ku dhowdahay in guud ahaan ay deggan yihiin qabiilka Ciise, isla markaana leh dhaqankooda is-xukunka oo dheer. Elisée Reclus (1886) waxay sharraxaysaa labada dariiq ee qadiimiga ah ee ka baxa Harar ilaa Saylac , hal waddo oo marta dalka Gadabuursi iyo hal waddo oo sii marta dhulka Ciise . Qoraagu waxa uu ku tilmaamay magaalada Saylac iyo nawaaxigeeda in ay degan yihiin Gadabuursi , halka degmada Saylac iyo baadiyaha koonfurta ka xigtaa ay tahay dhul dhaqameedka beesha Ciise . Laba dariiq oo inta badan ay xidhaan kooxaha tuuga ah ayaa ka baxa Harar ilaa Saylac, midi waxa ay ka gudubtaa jiir dhinaca waqooyi ka xigta magaalada, ka dibna waxa ay ka soo rogmataa dooxa Cawash ee mara marinka Galdessa iyo dooxa, halkaasna waxa ay uga sii socotaa dhinaca badda iyada oo loo sii marayo dhulka Ciisaha, oo ay ka soo gudubto silsilado dhagaxyo waaweyn ah oo dhinaca koonfureed u sii socda, haddana jihada kale ee waqooyi bari u sii socota. Marinka Darmi, oo ka gudba dalka Gadibuursiga ama Gudbuursiga, magaalada Saylac waxa ay koonfur ka xigtaa jasiirad yar oo jaziirado ah oo ku taal meel xeebta ka mid ah oo ay ku dheggan yihiin qabiilka Gadibuursi, waxa ay leedahay laba dekedood, oo midi ay maraan doonyo, balse aanay suurto gal ahayn in ay marakab ka soo degaan, halka ka kalena aanu ka fogayn 3 cagood oo dhinaca koonfureed ah. hoy badbaado leh oo loogu talagalay farsamada gacanta." ==Bulshada== Deegaanada hoosyimaada Degmada Saylac waxaa lagu cabiraa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay ilaa 18,566&nbsp;km kaasi ooy ku ay ku noolyihin beesha gadabuursi. Waxa mar hore Sida caadiga degmadani waxaa xarun u ah magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. Magaalooyin kale oo hoosyimaada maamulkani waxaa la mid ah [[Lughaya]], [[Caasha Cado]], [[Xariirad]], [[Jidhi]] iyo [[Lawyacado]] kuwaasi oo dhamaantood ah magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] }} ==Xigasho Eng: Rashid mohamed Ali == {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"] [https://www.un.int/somalia/somalia/country-facts "Xaqiiqda Dalka | Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9mnLDwAAQBAJ&q=samaron&pg=PA121 Goobta Nabadgelyada ee Afrika: Nidaam-samaynta maxalliga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe, Somaliland, iyo Koonfurta Suudaan] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PP1 Dhaqanka Burbursan: Dhaqanka, Sharciga iyo Shakhsiga ku sugan Badda Mediterranean-ka ee Muslimka] [https://books.google.com/books?id=psSrdehT3kkC&q=gadabursi+awdal&pg=PR5 "Cutubka 9aad: Wada-xaajoodka Qaranimada ee Hannaanka Siyaasadeed ee Isku-dhafka ah: Qadiyadda Somaliland"] *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awadal_Zeylac_A3.pdf Administrative map of Zeila District] *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} [[Category:Awdal]] 5mziwvefupiq1wmpibfxhqxwo1cuzpw Maamulka Saylac & Lughaya 0 20156 306307 246980 2026-08-31T09:59:30Z شيخ عبد الرحمن 44350 /* Sidoo kale fiiri */ Wax ku darid 306307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Maamul Goboleedka Saylac & Lughaya ee Soomaaliya |native_name = {{unbulleted list|li_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|en|Zeila & Lughaya State of Somalia}}}} |common_name = Maamulka Saylac & Lughaya |image_flag = |image_coat = |symbol_type = |image_map = |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]'' |official_languages = {{hlist |[[Af-Soomaali]]}} |capital = [[Saylac]] |latd=10|latm=48|lats=14|latNS=N |longd=43|longm=10|longs=31|longEW=E |largest_city = Saylac |government_type = |leader_title1 = Madaxweyne |leader_name1 = Mahad Abib Maxamuud |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |area_rank = |area_magnitude = |area_km2 = 18566 |areami² = |percent_water = |population_estimate = 270,858 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_estimate_rank = |population_census = |population_census_year = |Local People = Issa |population_densitymi² = |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = Lagu dhawaaqay |established_date1 = 2011 |established_event2 = |established_date2 = |currency = |currency_code = |country_code = |time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |calling_code = [[+252]] (Soomaaliya) |cctld = |official website = }} '''Maamul Goboleedka Saylac & Lughaya ee Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|''Zeila & Lughaya State''}}) (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Saylac & Lughaya State''', sida dowliga ah loo yaqaano '''Maamul Goboleedka Saylac & Lughaya ee Soomaaliya''') waa maamulgoboleed dhaca waqooyigalbeed wadanka [[Soomaaliya]], kaasi oo dhinac ahaan ka tirsan dhulka maanta loo yaqaano [[Somaliland]].<ref>[http://www.statoids.com/yso.html Districts of Somalia], Statoids</ref> Xarunta degmadani waa caasimada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. ==Bulshada== {{Dalalka |native_name = degmada saylac iyo Lughaya |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Awdal State |qaaradda = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = |sawir_qaran = |image_map = |astaan_calan = [[Calanyahow wacani]] |image_map = |caasimadda = [[Awdal]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Soomaali]] |caasimada = [[Borama]] |Dawladda = [[Soomaaliya]] |darajo_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye2 = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = gundhigo |established_date1 = 2011 |area = 8,566 |areami² = 3,307 |biyo = |population_estimate = 45,675 |population_estimate_year = |lacagta = [[somali shilling]] |wakhti = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |furaha_debedda = ?? |footnote1 = }} Deegaanada hoosyimaada Degmada Saylac waxaa lagu cabiraa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay ilaa 18,566&nbsp;km kaasi ooy ku dhaqan yihiin dad gaadhaya ilaa 105,000. Sida caadiga degmadani waxaa xarun u ah magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. Magaalooyin kale oo hoosyimaada maamulkani waxaa la mid ah [[Lughaya]], [[Caasha Cado]], [[Xariirad]], [[Jidhi]] iyo [[Lawyacado]] kuwaasi oo dhamaantood ah magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin. ==Faallo== Maamulida iyo talada deegaanadan waxaa in badan isku heystay maamulka [[Somaliland]], maamulgoboleedka federaalka ah ee [[Awdalland]] iyo qeybo kale oo dhamaantood sheegtay ineey si gaar ah u maamulaan deegaankaasi.<ref>Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.147</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Breasted|1906-07|pp=246–295|Ref=none}}, vol. 1.</ref> Gobolka Saylac iyo Lughaya waa maamul goboleed ka mid ah maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya, waxa uuna ku yaalaa waqooyiga [[Soomaaliya]]. Magaalo madaxda gobolkaan waa [[Saylac]]. ==Muuqaalo Taariikhi ah== <gallery perrow=" " widths="208" heights="208" caption="Muuqaalo"> Relief of Hatshepsut's expedition to the Land of Punt by Σταύρος.jpg YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG Saylac & Lughaya State Map.png Flag of Zeila.gif|Calanka Saylac </gallery> ==Magaalooyinka Maamulka Saylac iyo Lughaya== {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="margin:lem; margin-top:0;" |+ [[Maamulka Saylac & Lughaya]] |- !Magaca magaalada !Bulshada |- |[[Saylac]]||style="text-align:right;"|8,600 {{Increase}} |- |[[Lawyacado]]||style="text-align:right;"|1,600{{Increase}} |- |[[Lughaya]]||style="text-align:right;"|1,501{{Increase}} |- |[[Ceel Gaal]]||style="text-align:right;"|124{{Increase}} |- |[[Cabdulqaadir (degmo)]]||style="text-align:right;"|567{{Increase}} |- |[[Xariirad]]||style="text-align:right;"|678{{Increase}} |- |[[Caasha Cado]]||style="text-align:right;"|421{{Increase}} |- |[[Jidhi]]||style="text-align:right;"|249{{Increase}} |} ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] * [[Gadabuursi|Beesha Gadabuursi]] ==Xigasho== {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac iyo Linkiyo== *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awadal_Zeylac_A3.pdf Administrative map of Zeila District] *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Maamulada Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Awdal]] i207ix2z7ljw4mv5r4tgji65df5zziw 306308 306307 2026-08-31T10:03:14Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:MdsShakil|MdsShakil]] 212066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Maamul Goboleedka Saylac & Lughaya ee Soomaaliya |native_name = {{unbulleted list|li_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|en|Zeila & Lughaya State of Somalia}}}} |common_name = Maamulka Saylac & Lughaya |image_flag = |image_coat = |symbol_type = |image_map = |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]'' |official_languages = {{hlist |[[Af-Soomaali]]}} |capital = [[Saylac]] |latd=10|latm=48|lats=14|latNS=N |longd=43|longm=10|longs=31|longEW=E |largest_city = Saylac |government_type = |leader_title1 = Madaxweyne |leader_name1 = Mahad Abib Maxamuud |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |area_rank = |area_magnitude = |area_km2 = 18566 |areami² = |percent_water = |population_estimate = 270,858 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_estimate_rank = |population_census = |population_census_year = |Local People = Issa |population_densitymi² = |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = Lagu dhawaaqay |established_date1 = 2011 |established_event2 = |established_date2 = |currency = |currency_code = |country_code = |time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |calling_code = [[+252]] (Soomaaliya) |cctld = |official website = }} '''Maamul Goboleedka Saylac & Lughaya ee Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|''Zeila & Lughaya State''}}) (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Saylac & Lughaya State''', sida dowliga ah loo yaqaano '''Maamul Goboleedka Saylac & Lughaya ee Soomaaliya''') waa maamulgoboleed dhaca waqooyigalbeed wadanka [[Soomaaliya]], kaasi oo dhinac ahaan ka tirsan dhulka maanta loo yaqaano [[Somaliland]].<ref>[http://www.statoids.com/yso.html Districts of Somalia], Statoids</ref> Xarunta degmadani waa caasimada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. ==Bulshada== {{Dalalka |native_name = degmada saylac iyo Lughaya |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Awdal State |qaaradda = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = |sawir_qaran = |image_map = |astaan_calan = [[Calanyahow wacani]] |image_map = |caasimadda = [[Awdal]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Soomaali]] |caasimada = [[Borama]] |Dawladda = [[Soomaaliya]] |darajo_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye2 = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = gundhigo |established_date1 = 2011 |area = 8,566 |areami² = 3,307 |biyo = |population_estimate = 45,675 |population_estimate_year = |lacagta = [[somali shilling]] |wakhti = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |furaha_debedda = ?? |footnote1 = }} Deegaanada hoosyimaada Degmada Saylac waxaa lagu cabiraa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay ilaa 18,566&nbsp;km kaasi ooy ku dhaqan yihiin dad gaadhaya ilaa 105,000. Sida caadiga degmadani waxaa xarun u ah magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. Magaalooyin kale oo hoosyimaada maamulkani waxaa la mid ah [[Lughaya]], [[Caasha Cado]], [[Xariirad]], [[Jidhi]] iyo [[Lawyacado]] kuwaasi oo dhamaantood ah magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin. ==Faallo== Maamulida iyo talada deegaanadan waxaa in badan isku heystay maamulka [[Somaliland]], maamulgoboleedka federaalka ah ee [[Awdalland]] iyo qeybo kale oo dhamaantood sheegtay ineey si gaar ah u maamulaan deegaankaasi.<ref>Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.147</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Breasted|1906-07|pp=246–295|Ref=none}}, vol. 1.</ref> Gobolka Saylac iyo Lughaya waa maamul goboleed ka mid ah maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya, waxa uuna ku yaalaa waqooyiga [[Soomaaliya]]. Magaalo madaxda gobolkaan waa [[Saylac]]. ==Muuqaalo Taariikhi ah== <gallery perrow=" " widths="208" heights="208" caption="Muuqaalo"> Relief of Hatshepsut's expedition to the Land of Punt by Σταύρος.jpg YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG Saylac & Lughaya State Map.png Flag of Zeila.gif|Calanka Saylac </gallery> ==Magaalooyinka Maamulka Saylac iyo Lughaya== {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="margin:lem; margin-top:0;" |+ [[Maamulka Saylac & Lughaya]] |- !Magaca magaalada !Bulshada |- |[[Saylac]]||style="text-align:right;"|8,600 {{Increase}} |- |[[Lawyacado]]||style="text-align:right;"|1,600{{Increase}} |- |[[Lughaya]]||style="text-align:right;"|1,501{{Increase}} |- |[[Ceel Gaal]]||style="text-align:right;"|124{{Increase}} |- |[[Cabdulqaadir (degmo)]]||style="text-align:right;"|567{{Increase}} |- |[[Xariirad]]||style="text-align:right;"|678{{Increase}} |- |[[Caasha Cado]]||style="text-align:right;"|421{{Increase}} |- |[[Jidhi]]||style="text-align:right;"|249{{Increase}} |} ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ==Xigasho== {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac iyo Linkiyo== *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awadal_Zeylac_A3.pdf Administrative map of Zeila District] *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Maamulada Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Awdal]] qlbz2okobcdlb0iz7sobofc6klenbja Degmada Baki 0 20161 306317 295526 2026-08-31T10:19:12Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badaladii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 295424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Degmada Baki | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = Baki Awdal.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Baki in Awdal (Somaliland).svg | mapsize = 200px | map_caption = Degmada Baki oo ku taal [[Awdal]], Somaliland | pushpin_map =Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Awdal]] | subdivision_type2 = Caasimada | subdivision_name2 = [[Baki|Baki]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 3,420 | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2019 | population_footnotes = <ref name="docs.unocha.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft) |website=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 148,702 | population_density_km2 = 43.48 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10.28595|43.73256|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = }} '''Baki District''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Degmada Baki ) waa degmo ku taal gobolka [[Awdal]] ee galbeedka [[Somaliland]]. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Baki waxa dega faraca Reer Nuur ee Makaahiil iyo Reer Maxamed oo ka tirsan beelaha Mahad Case ee beesha Gadabuursi Dir ==Duqa magaalada== *Idiris Faarax Rooble 2002 *Saleebaan Maxamuud Aadan 2016 ==Macdanta== Buuraha Siimoodi oo 48 KM dhanka bari kaga beegan tuulada Baki, ayaa muddo dheer loo isticmaali jiray miinada. Waagii hore Coltan iyo agab kale ayaa laga soo qodi jiray, waayadan Berrillium ayaa laga soo qodaa oo waxa la yidhaahdaa Siimoodi Beryllium Mining Site. Xuquuqda macdan qodista waa adag tahay. Xukuumadda Somaliland ayaa xaquuqda macdan qodista siisay hay’adda ARC ee laga leeyahay dalka Shiinaha, hase yeeshee, beelaha deegaanka ayaa ka cawday in aan faa’iidada ka soo baxda dib loogu celin bulshada deegaankaas. Dawladda Somaliland ayaa si hufan u maamusha degmada Baki, markaa Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya ayaan haba yaraatee wax maamul ah oo dhab ah ka haysan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray wada hadal u dhaxeeyay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya iyo Safiirka Shiinaha oo ku saabsanaa xuquuqda miinada. Qabiilada deegaanku waa Reer Maxamed iyo Reer Nuur. Labadan beelood waa laamo ka tirsan beesha Gadabuursi , balse miinada waxaa iska leh beesha Reer Maxamed, waxaana jira walaac ku saabsan colaada ka taagan Tareenka Reer Nuur. Dhalinyaro gudaha iyo dibadaba ah ayaa cabasho ka muujiyey wasakhda ka dhalatay macdanta beryllium. Waxaana la sheegay in Qurbo-jooga Ajaanibka ah iyo Masuuliyiinta Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya ee ka soo horjeeda Madax-bannaanida Somaliland ay arrintan ku xad-gudbeen. ==2005 doorashadii baarlamaanka Somaliland== Doorashadii golaha wakiilada Somaliland ee 2005 , waxa laga soo sheegay jahawareer ka dhacay degmada Baki. Dadweyne aad u tiro badan ayaa isugu soo baxay goobta doorashada, waxaana meelaha qaar ka dhacay gacan ka hadal. Tallaabooyin ayaa la qaaday si looga hortago codbixin badan iyadoo la marinayo khad fluorescent ah faraha kuwa hore u codeeyay, laakiin jeegaggu kuma filna. Tirada codadka la dhiibtay ayaa ahayd mid aad u saraysa si aan caadi ahayn marka loo eego natiijadii codbixintii 2003dii. Sidoo kale, waxaa goobaha codbixinta gacan ka geysanayay xubno ka socday xisbiyada siyaasadda qaarkood. Qaar ka mid ah goobaha cod bixinta ayaan si degdeg ah loo furin, waxaana goobta codbixinta ee Dila ay ku jirtay nasasho laba saacadood ah, kaddib markii la xiray goobaha codbixinta oo shaah lagu cabay, laguna cuni jiray qaadka . ==Taariikhda== Daraasad la sameeyay 1996kii ayaa lagu sheegay in cudurka Duumada oo aan caadi ahayn uu ka dhacay Baki iyo Boorama , iyadoo xaaladaha qaarkood ay ahaayeen kuwo aad u daran. 1999kii, FAO waxa ay bilowday mashruuc lagu dayactirayo daaqa iyo daaqa ee degmooyinka Boorama iyo Baki. Sannadkii 2002-dii waxa shir ay isugu yimaaddeen Maayarada Degmooyinka Gabiley iyo Baki, kaas oo lagaga arrinsanayey khilaafkooda, waxaana dhexdhexaadinaysay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Somaliland. Kulankaas ayuu maayarka degmada Baki ka codsaday in lala soo gaaro gargaar bini’aadantinimo oo ka dhan ah cudurrada faafa iyo abaaraha. Sannadkii 2003-dii waxa degmooyinka Baki iyo Boorama laga bilaabay hawlo lagu horumarinayo caafimaadka iyo daryeelka iyada oo ay iska kaashanayaan Wasaaradda Caafimaadka Somaliland iyo Hay’adda Caafimaadka Adduunka ee WHO. Tallaalka iyo tallaabooyinka lagula dagaallamayo biyaha wasakhaysan ayaa la qorsheeyay. Bishii December 2006, guddoomiye ku-xigeenka Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ee United Peoples' Democratic Party ayaa ku eedeeyay Badhasaabka Awdal inuu ku kacayo khiyaamo la xidhiidha dhismaha jidka isku xidha Baki iyo Boorama, balse Badhasaabka Awdal ayaa arrintaas gaashaanka ku dhuftay. Bishii Abriil 2009, dagaal ayaa ka qarxay xadka u dhexeeya degmooyinka Gabiley iyo Baki. Bishii May 2013, Wasiirka Wasaaradda Beeraha Somaliland ayaa soo kormeeray khasaaraha ka dhashay fatahaadaha iyo cayayaan ka soo rogmaday degmooyinka Baki iyo Boorama. Bishii Oktoobar 2014, Wasiirka Macdanta iyo Tamarta Somaliland ayaa shir jaraa’id oo uu qabtay ku sheegay in sahan dhinaca macdanta ah oo ay samaysay Shirkadda Khayraadka Afrika ee Shiinaha (ARC) ay keentay cabasho ka timid dadka deegaanka oo sheegay in waxyeello deegaanka ahi ay dhacayso. Bishii December 2015, shir ka dhacay Boorama, ayaa lagu sheegay in FAO ay maal-gelisay 80 beeraley ah oo ku nool degmada Baki. Bishii Maarso 2016, shirkad Shiinees ah oo macdanta ka shaqeysa ayaa magaalada Siimoodi ee degmada Baki ka dhistay dhismo afar dabaq ah oo loogu talagalay dugsi dhexe, kaasoo ay dhigtaan in ka badan 100 arday. Bishii Agoosto 2017, baabuur uu la socday maayar ku xigeenka degmada Baki ayaa ciidamada booliska Boorama ay xidheen; maayar ku xigeenka waa la sii daayay balse gaadhigii ayaa loo soo diray Hargeysa. Ugaasyo, Cuqaal, iyo Aqoonyahano ka soo jeeda degmada Baki ayaa isugu yimid shir arrintan ku saabsan. Bishii Sebtembar 2017, Roobab ka da’ay Gobolka Awdal ayaa dilay saddex qof, laba kalena dhaawac ayaa ka soo gaaray degmadda Baki, ka dib markii ay biriq ku dhacday. Bishii November 2018, Wasiirka Horumarinta Beeraha Somaliland ayaa booqday tuulada Ruqi oo ka tirsan degmada Baki oo ay waxyeello ka soo gaadhay duufaanno , isagoo dhagax-dhigay dib u dhis lagu samaynayo waraabkii burburay. Shaqada waxaa maalgeliya Golaha Qaxootiga Norway , waxaana taageera dawladda Ingiriiska iyo beeralayda maxalliga ah. Bishii Agoosto 2021, guddiga hanti-dhawrka Somaliland ayaa baadhay eedaymo ku takri-fal awoodeed iyo musuqmaasuq oo ay waaxda fulinta ka fulisay magaalada Baki iyo xadhig sharci-darro ah oo lagula kacay odayaasha deegaanka. Bishii December ee sanadkii 2021-kii, waxaa degmada Baki laga helay god dahab ah, waxaana la sheegay in dad badan ay isugu soo baxeen goobta miinada kadib markii ay maqleen warar xan ah. ==Maqaalo== [[File:Baki_awdal1.jpg|thumb|Baki_awdal1]] [[File:Baki_District2.jpg|thumb|Baki_Degmada2]] [[File:Baki_awdal_district.jpg|thumb|Baki_awdal_degmada]] ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ==Xigasho== {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac== [https://www.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |date=20170728203029 }} [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html Degmooyinka Soomaaliya] [https://books.google.com/books?id=UxmEDwAAQBAJ&q=Reer+nour+reer+Mohamed+baki&pg=PT122 Dagaalka iyo Nabadda Soomaaliya: Cabashooyinka Qaranka, Colaadaha Deegaanka iyo Al-Shabaab] [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/IRI_Parlelection_2005.pdf "Machadka Caalamiga ah ee Jamhuuriga Somaliland Sebtembar 29, 2005 Warbixinta Qiimaynta Doorashada Baarlamaanka"] [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/IRI_Parlelection_2005.pdf "Machadka Caalamiga ah ee Jamhuuriga Somaliland Sebtembar 29, 2005 Warbixinta Qiimaynta Doorashada Baarlamaanka"] [http://www.haatuf.net/Archive2003/000129300.htm " Maamulka Gobolka Awdal Oo Iska Daafacay Eedeymo Kaga Yimi Mid Ka Mid Ah Odayada Reer Boorama"] [https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2009/apr/wararka_maanta9-6181.htm "Dagaal laba Beelood ku dhexmaray Deegaanno ka tirsan Somaliland"] [https://hargeisapress.com/3083/ "Wasaaradda Macdanta iyo Tamarta Oo Sharaxday Sahamin Shirkad Chiness Ahi Ka Wado Baki Oo Dad Ka Cawday"] {{Wayback|url=https://hargeisapress.com/3083/ |date=20250424122125 }} [https://www.qurbejoog.com/somalilandsagaal-qof-oo-galabta-caawa-ku-kala-geeriyooday-gobolada-awdal-iyo-saaxil-kadib-shilal-ka-dhashay-danab-roob-iyo-mid-gaadiid/ "Somaliland:Sagaal Qof oo Galabta & Caawa ku kala Geeriyooday Gobolada Awdal Iyo Saaxil kadib shilal ka dhashay Danab Roob iyo Mid Gaadiid"] [https://somalilandpost.net/baki-wasiirka-beeraha-oo-dhagx-dhigay-dib-u-dhiska-maangad-lagu-waraabin-jiray-tobanaan-beerood-oo-duufaantii-sagar-ka-dumisay-beeralayda-ruqi-sawirro/ "BAKI: Wasiirka Beeraha Oo Dhagx-dhigay Dib U Dhiska Maangad Lagu Waraabin Jiray Tobanaan Beerood Oo Duufaantii Sagar Ka Dumisay Beeralayda Ruqi"] [https://wargeyskadawan.com/2021/08/12/hanti-dhawrka-oo-baadhis-ka-bilaabay-degmada-baki-iyo-odayaal-la-xidhxidhay/ "Hanti Dhawrka oo Baadhis ka Bilaabay Degmada Baki iyo Odayaal la Xidhxidhay"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/59810702 "Muxuu yahay dahabka laga helay ku dhaw magaalada Boorama ee ay dadku ku yaaceen?"] *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awdal_Baki_A3.pdf Administrative map of Baki District] *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awadal_Zeylac_A3.pdf Administrative map of Zeila District] *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} [[Category:Awdal]] sxe4u312im4ut1n1ru2yqcnhnlq6er4 Module:Protection banner 828 20881 306329 294285 2026-08-31T11:09:17Z Isma4l 41797 306329 Scribunto text/plain -- Wuxuu module-kan hirgelinayaa {{pp-meta}} iyo shabakadaha hoos yimaada sida -- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} iyo {{pp-sock}}. -- Bilaabista module-yada lagama maarmaanka ah. require('strict') local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Bilaabista module-yada iyo walxaha aynaan mar walba u baahnayn. local getArgs, makeMessageBox, lang -- Dejinta joogtada (constants). local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Protection banner/config' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Shaqaalaha caawinta (Helper functions) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) if cat then return string.format( '[[%s:%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat, sort ) end end -- Shaqada xaqiijinta taariikhda dhicitaanka iyo taariikhda difaaca local function validateDate(dateString, dateType) if not lang then lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() end local success, result = pcall(lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', dateString) if success then result = tonumber(result) if result then return result end end error(string.format( 'invalid %s: %s', dateType, tostring(dateString) ), 4) end local function makeFullUrl(page, query, display) return string.format( '[%s %s]', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(page, query)), display ) end -- Marka la siiyo jaantus toosan oo loo habeeyay sidii node -> miiska xigxiga tooska ah, -- hel miiska dhammaan node-yada laga gaari karo node la bixiyay (in kastoo mar walba -- ay ku jirto node-ka la bixiyay). local function getReachableNodes(graph, start) local toWalk, retval = {[start] = true}, {} while true do -- Lama isticmaali karo pairs() maadaama aan ku darnay oo aan ka saaraynay waxyaabo inta aan socono local k = next(toWalk) -- Tani waxay mar walba heleysaa furaha "koowaad" if k == nil then return retval end toWalk[k] = nil retval[k] = true for _,v in ipairs(graph[k]) do if not retval[v] then toWalk[v] = true end end end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fasalka Difaaca (Protection class) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Protection = {} Protection.__index = Protection Protection.supportedActions = { edit = true, move = true, autoreview = true, upload = true } Protection.bannerConfigFields = { 'text', 'explanation', 'tooltip', 'alt', 'link', 'image' } function Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg obj.title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Dejinta falka (action) if not args.action then obj.action = 'edit' elseif Protection.supportedActions[args.action] then obj.action = args.action else error(string.format( 'invalid action: %s', tostring(args.action) ), 3) end -- Dejinta heerka (level) obj.level = args.demolevel or effectiveProtectionLevel(obj.action, obj.title) if not obj.level or (obj.action == 'move' and obj.level == 'autoconfirmed') then -- Isticmaalayaashu waxay u baahan yihiin in la xaqiijiyo si ay u guuraan bogagga si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka loola dhaqmo -- bogagga semi-move-protected sida kuwa aan la difaicin. obj.level = '*' end -- Dejinta dhicitaanka (expiry) local effectiveExpiry = effectiveProtectionExpiry(obj.action, obj.title) if effectiveExpiry == 'infinity' then obj.expiry = 'indef' elseif effectiveExpiry ~= 'unknown' then obj.expiry = validateDate(effectiveExpiry, 'expiry date') end -- Dejinta sababta (reason) if args[1] then obj.reason = mw.ustring.lower(args[1]) if obj.reason:find('|') then error('reasons cannot contain the pipe character ("|")', 3) end end -- Dejinta taariikhda difaaca if args.date then obj.protectionDate = validateDate(args.date, 'protection date') end -- Dejinta qaabeynta calanka (banner config) do obj.bannerConfig = {} local configTables = {} if cfg.banners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.banners[obj.action][obj.reason] end if cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action][obj.level] configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action].default end configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.masterBanner for i, field in ipairs(Protection.bannerConfigFields) do for j, t in ipairs(configTables) do if t[field] then obj.bannerConfig[field] = t[field] break end end end end return setmetatable(obj, Protection) end function Protection:isProtected() return self.level ~= '*' end function Protection:isTemporary() return type(self.expiry) == 'number' end function Protection:makeProtectionCategory() local cfg = self._cfg local title = self.title -- Ka bax haddii boggu aanu difaacnayn. if not self:isProtected() then return '' end -- Hel qaybta furaha dhicitaanka. local expiryFragment if self.expiry == 'indef' then expiryFragment = self.expiry elseif type(self.expiry) == 'number' then expiryFragment = 'temp' end -- Hel qaybta furaha namespace-ka. local namespaceFragment = cfg.categoryNamespaceKeys[title.namespace] if not namespaceFragment and title.namespace % 2 == 1 then namespaceFragment = 'talk' end -- Qor nidaamka ay furayaasha tijaabinayaan. Tan waxaa lagu sameeyaa -- miisaska ka kooban qiimaha la tijaabinayo, oo ay la socoto booskiisa -- miiska cfg.protectionCategories. local order = { {val = expiryFragment, keypos = 1}, {val = namespaceFragment, keypos = 2}, {val = self.reason, keypos = 3}, {val = self.level, keypos = 4}, {val = self.action, keypos = 5} } --[[ -- Template-yadii difaaca ee hore waxay isticmaaleen nidaam qaybinta difaaca ah, -- iyadoo qaar ka mid ah template-yada ay mudnaanta siinayaan namespace-yada qaybahooda, -- iyo kuwo kale oo mudnaanta siinaya sababta difaaca. Si tan loogu ekaado module-kan -- waxaan isticmaaleynaa miiska qaabeynta cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority si loo dejiyo -- sababaha ay namespace-yadu mudnaanta ugu leeyihiin sababta difaaca. -- Haddii aan la tacaamuleyno mid ka mid ah sababahaas, u guuri miiska namespace-ka -- dhamaadka miiska nidaamka, tusaale ahaan sii mudnaanta ugu sarreysa. Haddii kale, -- sababtu waa inay yeelataa mudnaanta ugu sarreysa, markaa u guuri taas dhamaadka miiska -- halkii laga yeeli lahaa. --]] table.insert(order, table.remove(order, self.reason and cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority[self.reason] and 2 or 3)) --[[ -- Qeex nidaamka isku dayga. Subtable-yada aan shaqaynayn (subtables leh "value" -- oo ah nil) waxaa loo rarayaa dhamaadka, halkaas oo markii dambe la siin doono furaha -- "all". Tani waa si loo yareeyo tirada eegista miiska ee -- cfg.protectionCategories, taas oo si xad dhaaf ah u kordheysa iyadoo la raacayo tirada -- furayaasha aan ahayn nil. Waxaan la soconaa tirada subtable-yada shaqeeya iyadoo la adeegsanayo -- cabirka noActive. --]] local noActive, attemptOrder do local active, inactive = {}, {} for i, t in ipairs(order) do if t.val then active[#active + 1] = t else inactive[#inactive + 1] = t end end noActive = #active attemptOrder = active for i, t in ipairs(inactive) do attemptOrder[#attemptOrder + 1] = t end end --[[ -- Hubi isku-darka furayaasha ee sii kordhaya ilaa aan ka helno mid ku habboon. Haddii -- qayb gaar ah ay u jirto isku-darka qaybaha furaha ee na la siiyay, -- ciyaartaas waxaa la heli doonaa marka hore. Haddii kale, waxaan sii wadeynaa tijaabinta kala duwan -- ee isku-darka qaybaha furaha ilaa aan ka waafajino anagoo adeegsanayna furaha -- "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- Si loo abuuro furayaasha, waxaan tilmaamnaa subtable-yada furaha anagoo adeegsanayna binary matrix -- oo leh tusmooyinka i iyo j. j waxaa xisaabiyo oo keliya ilaa tirada subtable-yada -- shaqeeya. Tusaale ahaan, haddii ay jireen saddex subtable oo shaqeeya, matrix-ku -- wuxuu u ekaan lahaa sidan, iyadoo 0 ay u dhiganto qaybta furaha "all", iyo -- 1 ay u dhiganto qaybaha furaha ee kale. -- -- j 1 2 3 -- i -- 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 -- 4 0 0 1 -- 5 1 1 0 -- 6 0 1 0 -- 7 1 0 0 -- 8 0 0 0 -- -- Qiimayaasha j ee ka sarreeya tirada subtable-yada shaqeeya ayaa loo dejiyaa -- xadhigga "all". -- -- Furaha cfg.protectionCategories waxaa loo dhisay qiimaha i kasta. -- Booska qiimaha ee furaha waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa qaybta keypos ee -- subtable kasta. --]] local cats = cfg.protectionCategories for i = 1, 2^noActive do local key = {} for j, t in ipairs(attemptOrder) do if j > noActive then key[t.keypos] = 'all' else local quotient = i / 2 ^ (j - 1) quotient = math.ceil(quotient) if quotient % 2 == 1 then key[t.keypos] = t.val else key[t.keypos] = 'all' end end end key = table.concat(key, '|') local attempt = cats[key] if attempt then return makeCategoryLink(attempt, title.text) end end return '' end function Protection:isIncorrect() local expiry = self.expiry return not self:isProtected() or type(expiry) == 'number' and expiry < os.time() end function Protection:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() local action, namespace = self.action, self.title.namespace return self.level == 'templateeditor' and ( (action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move') or (namespace ~= 10 and namespace ~= 828) ) end function Protection:makeCategoryLinks() local msg = self._cfg.msg local ret = { self:makeProtectionCategory() } if self:isIncorrect() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-incorrect'], self.title.text ) end if self:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-template'], self.title.text ) end return table.concat(ret) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fasalka Blurb (Blurb class) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Blurb = {} Blurb.__index = Blurb Blurb.bannerTextFields = { text = true, explanation = true, tooltip = true, alt = true, link = true } function Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) return setmetatable({ _cfg = cfg, _protectionObj = protectionObj, _args = args }, Blurb) end -- Hababka gaarka ah (Private methods) -- function Blurb:_formatDate(num) -- Waxay ka dhigtaa waqtiga Unix timestamp mid ah qaabka dd Month, YYYY. lang = lang or mw.language.getContentLanguage() local success, date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, self._cfg.msg['expiry-date-format'] or 'j F Y', '@' .. tostring(num) ) if success then return date end end function Blurb:_getExpandedMessage(msgKey) return self:_substituteParameters(self._cfg.msg[msgKey]) end function Blurb:_substituteParameters(msg) if not self._params then local parameterFuncs = {} parameterFuncs.CURRENTVERSION = self._makeCurrentVersionParameter parameterFuncs.EDITREQUEST = self._makeEditRequestParameter parameterFuncs.EXPIRY = self._makeExpiryParameter parameterFuncs.EXPLANATIONBLURB = self._makeExplanationBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.IMAGELINK = self._makeImageLinkParameter parameterFuncs.INTROBLURB = self._makeIntroBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.INTROFRAGMENT = self._makeIntroFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.PAGETYPE = self._makePagetypeParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONBLURB = self._makeProtectionBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONDATE = self._makeProtectionDateParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLEVEL = self._makeProtectionLevelParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLOG = self._makeProtectionLogParameter parameterFuncs.TALKPAGE = self._makeTalkPageParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPBLURB = self._makeTooltipBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPFRAGMENT = self._makeTooltipFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.VANDAL = self._makeVandalTemplateParameter self._params = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (t, k) local param if parameterFuncs[k] then param = parameterFuncs[k](self) end param = param or '' t[k] = param return param end }) end msg = msg:gsub('${(%u+)}', self._params) return msg end function Blurb:_makeCurrentVersionParameter() -- Xiriir lala leeyahay taariikhda bogga ama diiwaanka guuritaanka, iyadoo ku xidhan nooca -- difaaca. local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'move' then -- Waxaan u baahanahay xiriirka diiwaanka guuritaanka. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'move', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-move-display') ) else -- Waxaan u baahanahay xiriirka taariikhda. return makeFullUrl( pagename, {action = 'history'}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-edit-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeEditRequestParameter() local mEditRequest = require('Module:Submit an edit request') local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level -- Hel nooca codsiga wax-ka-beddelka. local requestType if action == 'edit' then if level == 'autoconfirmed' then requestType = 'semi' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then requestType = 'extended' elseif level == 'templateeditor' then requestType = 'template' end end requestType = requestType or 'full' -- Hel qiimaha soo bandhigida. local display = self:_getExpandedMessage('edit-request-display') return mEditRequest._link{type = requestType, display = display} end function Blurb:_makeExpiryParameter() local expiry = self._protectionObj.expiry if type(expiry) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(expiry) else return expiry end end function Blurb:_makeExplanationBlurbParameter() -- Marka hore wax ka qabo kiisaska gaarka ah. if self._protectionObj.title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace return self:_getExpandedMessage('explanation-blurb-nounprotect') end -- Hel furayaasha miiska sharaxaadda blurb local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local talkKey = self._protectionObj.title.isTalkPage and 'talk' or 'subject' -- Ka hel fariinta miiska sharaxaadda blurb oo beddel wixii -- parameters ah. local explanations = self._cfg.explanationBlurbs local msg if explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level][talkKey] then msg = explanations[action][level][talkKey] elseif explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level].default then msg = explanations[action][level].default elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default[talkKey] then msg = explanations[action].default[talkKey] elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default.default then msg = explanations[action].default.default else error(string.format( 'could not find explanation blurb for action "%s", level "%s" and talk key "%s"', action, level, talkKey ), 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeImageLinkParameter() local imageLinks = self._cfg.imageLinks local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if imageLinks[action][level] then msg = imageLinks[action][level] elseif imageLinks[action].default then msg = imageLinks[action].default else msg = imageLinks.edit.default end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeIntroBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeIntroFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makePagetypeParameter() local pagetypes = self._cfg.pagetypes return pagetypes[self._protectionObj.title.namespace] or pagetypes.default or error('no default pagetype defined', 8) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionBlurbParameter() local protectionBlurbs = self._cfg.protectionBlurbs local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionBlurbs[action][level] then msg = protectionBlurbs[action][level] elseif protectionBlurbs[action].default then msg = protectionBlurbs[action].default elseif protectionBlurbs.edit.default then msg = protectionBlurbs.edit.default else error('no protection blurb defined for protectionBlurbs.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionDateParameter() local protectionDate = self._protectionObj.protectionDate if type(protectionDate) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(protectionDate) else return protectionDate end end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLevelParameter() local protectionLevels = self._cfg.protectionLevels local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionLevels[action][level] then msg = protectionLevels[action][level] elseif protectionLevels[action].default then msg = protectionLevels[action].default elseif protectionLevels.edit.default then msg = protectionLevels.edit.default else error('no protection level defined for protectionLevels.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLogParameter() local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'autoreview' then -- Waxaan u baahanahay diiwaanka isbeddellada sugaya. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'stable', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('pc-log-display') ) else -- Waxaan u baahanahay diiwaanka difaaca. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'protect', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('protection-log-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeTalkPageParameter() return string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[self._protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, self._protectionObj.title.text, self._args.section or 'top', self:_getExpandedMessage('talk-page-link-display') ) end function Blurb:_makeTooltipBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeTooltipFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeVandalTemplateParameter() return require('Module:Vandal-m')._main{ self._args.user or self._protectionObj.title.baseText } end -- Hababka dadweynaha (Public methods) -- function Blurb:makeBannerText(key) -- Xaqiiji gelinta. if not key or not Blurb.bannerTextFields[key] then error(string.format( '"%s" is not a valid banner config field', tostring(key) ), 2) end -- Soo saar qoraalka. local msg = self._protectionObj.bannerConfig[key] if type(msg) == 'string' then return self:_substituteParameters(msg) elseif type(msg) == 'function' then msg = msg(self._protectionObj, self._args) if type(msg) ~= 'string' then error(string.format( 'bad output from banner config function with key "%s"' .. ' (expected string, got %s)', tostring(key), type(msg) ), 4) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fasalka BannerTemplate (BannerTemplate class) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local BannerTemplate = {} BannerTemplate.__index = BannerTemplate function BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg -- Deji magaca faylka sawirka. local imageFilename = protectionObj.bannerConfig.image if imageFilename then obj._imageFilename = imageFilename else -- Haddii magaca faylka sawirka aan si cad loogu qeexin qaabeynta calanka, -- ka soo saar heerka difaaca iyo namespace-ka. local action = protectionObj.action local level = protectionObj.level local namespace = protectionObj.title.namespace local reason = protectionObj.reason -- Marka hore wax ka qabo kiisaska gaarka ah. if ( namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 or reason and obj._cfg.indefImageReasons[reason] ) and action == 'edit' and level == 'sysop' and not protectionObj:isTemporary() then -- Modules-yada iyo template-yada si buuxda loo difaacay waxay helayaan qufulka gaduudan -- ee gaarka ah "indef". obj._imageFilename = obj._cfg.msg['image-filename-indef'] else -- Wax ka qabashada noocyada difaaca caadiga ah. local images = obj._cfg.images if images[action] then if images[action][level] then obj._imageFilename = images[action][level] elseif images[action].default then obj._imageFilename = images[action].default end end end end return setmetatable(obj, BannerTemplate) end function BannerTemplate:renderImage() local filename = self._imageFilename or self._cfg.msg['image-filename-default'] or 'Transparent.gif' return makeFileLink{ file = filename, size = (self.imageWidth or 20) .. 'px', alt = self._imageAlt, link = self._imageLink, caption = self.imageCaption } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fasalka Banner (Banner class) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Banner = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Banner.__index = Banner function Banner.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- Tani uma baahna blurb-ka. obj.imageWidth = 40 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') -- Calammada waaweyn waxay isticmaalaan qoraalka alt ee tooltip-ka. obj._reasonText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('text') obj._explanationText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('explanation') obj._page = protectionObj.title.prefixedText -- Kaliya waxay samaysaa faraq tijaabada ah. return setmetatable(obj, Banner) end function Banner:__tostring() -- Waxay soo bandhigaysaa calanka. makeMessageBox = makeMessageBox or require('Module:Message box').main local reasonText = self._reasonText or error('no reason text set', 2) local explanationText = self._explanationText local mbargs = { page = self._page, type = 'protection', image = self:renderImage(), text = string.format( "'''%s'''%s", reasonText, explanationText and '<br />' .. explanationText or '' ) } return makeMessageBox('mbox', mbargs) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fasalka Padlock (Padlock class) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Padlock = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Padlock.__index = Padlock function Padlock.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- Tani uma baahna blurb-ka. obj.imageWidth = 20 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('tooltip') obj._imageAlt = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') obj._imageLink = blurbObj:makeBannerText('link') obj._indicatorName = cfg.padlockIndicatorNames[protectionObj.action] or cfg.padlockIndicatorNames.default or 'pp-default' return setmetatable(obj, Padlock) end function Padlock:__tostring() local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- Tag-ga nowiki wuxuu caawiyaa ka hortagga bannaanada sare ee maqaallada. return frame:extensionTag{name = 'nowiki'} .. frame:extensionTag{ name = 'indicator', args = {name = self._indicatorName}, content = self:renderImage() } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhoofinta (Exports) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p._exportClasses() -- Tan waxaa loo isticmaalaa ujeedooyin tijaabo ah. return { Protection = Protection, Blurb = Blurb, BannerTemplate = BannerTemplate, Banner = Banner, Padlock = Padlock, } end function p._main(args, cfg, title) args = args or {} cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) local protectionObj = Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local ret = {} -- Haddii difaaca wax-ka-beddelka boggu uu la mid yahay ama ka xaddidan yahay -- difaaca falka kale, markaa ha dhibin soo bandhigida wax walba -- falka kale (marka laga reebo qaybaha). if protectionObj.action == 'edit' or args.demolevel or not getReachableNodes( cfg.hierarchy, protectionObj.level )[effectiveProtectionLevel('edit', protectionObj.title)] then -- Bilaabista shayga blurb local blurbObj = Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) -- Soo bandhig calanka if protectionObj:isProtected() then ret[#ret + 1] = tostring( (yesno(args.small) and Padlock or Banner) .new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) ) end end -- Soo bandhig qaybaha if yesno(args.category) ~= false then ret[#ret + 1] = protectionObj:makeCategoryLinks() end return table.concat(ret) end function p.main(frame, cfg) cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) -- Hel doodaha caadiga ah, haddii ay jiraan. local parent = frame.getParent and frame:getParent() local defaultArgs = parent and cfg.wrappers[parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')] -- Hel doodaha isticmaalaha, oo adeegso muraayadda waalidka haddii naga soo yeero -- template duuban. getArgs = getArgs or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local userArgs = getArgs(frame, { parentOnly = defaultArgs, frameOnly = not defaultArgs }) -- Dhis miiska doodaha. Doodaha isticmaalaha cayimay waxay ka sarreeyaan doodaha caadiga ah. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs or {}) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do args[k] = v end return p._main(args, cfg) end return p 9oossgcfu49jj764wi0wbl8edicwqax Module:Protection banner/config 828 20906 306327 294287 2026-08-31T11:01:29Z Isma4l 41797 306327 Scribunto text/plain -- Kani waa module bixinaya xogta dejinta ee [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- BANNER DATA -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Xogta banner-ka waxay ka kooban tahay lix meelood (fields): -- * text - qoraalka ugu weyn ee difaaca ee ka muuqda xagga sare ee -- banner-rada difaaca. -- * explanation - qoraalka ka muuqda hoosta qoraalka difaaca ee ugu weyn, -- oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sharaxo tafaasiisha difaaca. -- * tooltip - qoraalka tilmaanta ee aad aragto marka aad jiirka dul saarto -- calaamadda qufulka yar. -- * link - bogga ay ku xiran tahay calaamadda qufulka yar. -- * alt - qoraalka beddelka ah (alt) ee calaamadda qufulka yar. Tan sidoo kale -- waxaa loo isticmaalaa qoraal tilmaameed ahaan banner-rada difaaca waaweyn. -- * image - sawirka qufulka ee lagu isticmaalo labada banner ee difaaca iyo -- calaamadaha qufulka yar labadaba. -- -- Module-ku wuxuu ka hubiyaa saddex miis (tables) oo kala duwan si uu u helo -- qiimaha goob kasta. Marka hore wuxuu hubiyaa miiska banners, debeddana -- wuxuu hubiyaa miiska defaultBanners, ugu dambayntana wuxuu hubiyaa miiska -- masterBanner, kaasoo haya xogta template-yada difaaca ee la isticmaalo -- haddii aan xog laga helin labadii miis ee hore. -- -- Qiimayaasha ku jira xogta banner-ka waxay qaadan karaan xajmiyaal (parameters). -- Kuwaas waxaa lagu cayimaaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (calaamadda -- doolarka oo ka horreysa magaca parameter-ka oo ku dhex jira qowsaska lulban). -- -- Parameters-ka la heli karo: -- -- ${CURRENTVERSION} - xiriir toos ah oo ku aaddan taariikhda bogga ama diiwaanka -- guuritaanka, oo wata fariinta bandhigga "current-version-edit-display" ama -- "current-version-move-display". -- -- ${EDITREQUEST} - xiriir lagu abuurayo codsi wax-ka-beddel ah oo loogu talagalay bogga hadda. -- -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} tusaale sharaxaad ah, tusaale ahaan "Fadlan kala hadal -- wixii isbeddel ah bogga wadahadalka; waxaad gudbin kartaa codsi aad kaga codsanaysato -- maamule inuu sameeyo wax-ka-beddel haddii uu yahay mid yar ama ay taageerto is-afgarad." -- -- ${IMAGELINK} - xiriir lagu dejiyo sawirka, iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca -- iyo heerka difaaca. -- -- ${INTROBLURB} - parameter-ka PROTECTIONBLURB, oo lagu daray waqtiga dhicitaanka -- haddii la cayimay. Tusaale ahaan "Wax-ka-beddelka boggan ee isticmaaleyaasha cusub -- ama aan diiwaan gashanayn waa la joojiyay ilaa dd Month YYYY." -- -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - la mid ah ${INTROBLURB}, laakiin iyada oo aan lahayn -- joojinta ugu dambeysa si loogu isticmaali karo weedho socda. -- -- ${PAGETYPE} - nooca bogga, tusaale ahaan "qoraal" ama "template". -- Lagu qeexay miiska cfg.pagetypes. -- -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - sharaxaad ku saabsan heerka difaaca bogga, tusaale ahaan -- "Wax-ka-beddelka boggan ee isticmaaleyaasha cusub ama aan diiwaan gashanayn waa la joojiyay" -- -- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - taariikhda difaaca, haddii loo dhiibay template-ka. -- -- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - heerka difaaca, tusaale ahaan "si buuxda loo difaacay" ama -- "difaac-nus ah". -- -- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - xiriir ku aaddan diiwaanka difaaca ama diiwaanka isbeddellada -- sugaya, iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca. -- -- ${TALKPAGE} - xiriir ku aaddan bogga wadahadalka. Haddii qayb la cayimiyo, -- waxay si toos ah ugu xiraysaa qaybtaas bogga wadahadalka. -- -- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - waxay isticmaashaa parameters-ka PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE iyo -- EXPIRY si ay u abuurto sharaxaad sida "Template-kan waa mid la difaacay nus-ahaan", -- ama "Qoraalkan waa mid laga ilaaliyay in la guuro ilaa DD Month YYYY". -- -- ${VANDAL} - xiriirro loogu talagalay magaca isticmaalaha ee la cayimay (ama magaca -- bogga xididka) iyadoo la isticmaalayo Module:Vandal-m. -- -- Shaqooyinka (Functions) -- -- Isticmaaleyaasha horumarsan, waxaa suurtagal ah in la isticmaalo shaqooyinka Lua -- halkii laga isticmaali lahaa xargaha (strings) ee miisaska dejinta banner-ka. -- Isticmaalka shaqooyinka wuxuu bixiyaa dabacsanaan aan suurtagal ahayn oo keliya -- la isticmaalo parameters-ka. Shaqooyinku waxay qaataan laba doodood (arguments), -- shayga difaaca iyo doodaha template-ka, waana inay soo saaraan xargo (string). -- -- Tusaale ahaan: -- -- text = function (protectionObj, args) -- if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then -- return 'foo' -- else -- return 'bar' -- end -- end -- -- Qaybo ka mid ah sifooyinka iyo hababka shayga difaaca ee waxtarka yeelan kara: -- protectionObj.action - ficilka difaaca -- protectionObj.level - heerka difaaca -- protectionObj.reason - sababta difaaca -- protectionObj.expiry - waqtiga dhicitaanka. Madhan (Nil) haddii aan la dejin, -- xargaha "indef" haddii loo dejiyo mid aan xad lahayn, iyo wakhtiga difaaca -- ee waqtiga unix haddii uu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah. -- protectionObj.protectionDate - taariikhda difaaca ee waqtiga unix, ama madhan haddii aan la cayimin. -- protectionObj.bannerConfig - dejinta banner-ka ee uu helay module-ka. Ka digtoonow -- in aad wax ka beddesho goobta dejinta ee ay isticmaasho shaqadu, maadaama -- ay abuuri karto wareeg aan dhammaad lahayn. -- protectionObj:isProtected - waxay soo celisaa run ama beenta (boolean) muujineysa in boggu difaacanyahay. -- protectionObj:isTemporary - waxay soo celisaa run ama beent ah in wakhtiga dhicitaanku yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah. -- protectionObj:isIncorrect - waxay soo celisaa run ama beent ah in template-ka difaacu khaldanyahay. --]] -- Xogta banner-ka weyn, waxaa la isticmaalaa haddii aan wax qiimo ah laga helin banners ama defaultBanners. masterBanner = { text = '${INTROBLURB}', explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}', link = '${IMAGELINK}', alt = 'Page ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' }, -- Xogta banner-ka caadiga ah. Tani waxay haysaa xogta banner-ka ee heerarka -- difaaca ee kala duwan. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. defaultBanners = { edit = {}, move = {}, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = { alt = 'Page protected with pending changes level 1', tooltip = 'All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review', image = 'Padlock-silver-light.svg' }, default = { alt = 'Page protected with pending changes level 2', tooltip = 'All edits by users who are not reviewers or administrators are' .. ' subject to review', image = 'Padlock-orange.svg' } }, upload = {} }, -- Xogta banner-ka. Tani waxay haysaa xogta banner-ka ee sababaha difaaca ee kala duwan. -- Xaqiiqdii, sababaha lagu cayimay miisaskan waxay xakameynayaan sababaha saxda ah -- ee loo gudbiyo parameter-ka booska koowaad. -- -- Waxaa sidoo kale jira goob "description" oo aan caadi ahayn taasoo loo isticmaali karo -- walxaha ku jira miiskan. Tani waa sharaxaad ku saabsan sababta difaaca ee loogu -- talagalay in lagu isticmaalo dukumentiyada module-ka. -- -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. banners = { edit = { blp = { description = 'For pages protected to promote compliance with the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. '|biographies of living persons]] policy', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. "|Wikipedia's&nbsp;policy on&nbsp;the&nbsp;biographies" .. ' of&nbsp;living&nbsp;people]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with the policy on' .. ' biographies of living people', }, dmca = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation' .. ' due to [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] takedown requests', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'Pursuant to a rights owner notice under the Digital' .. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) regarding some content' .. ' in this article, the Wikimedia Foundation acted under' .. ' applicable law and took down and restricted the content' .. ' in question.' if args.notice then ret = ret .. ' A copy of the received notice can be found here: ' .. args.notice .. '.' end ret = ret .. ' For more information, including websites discussing' .. ' how to file a counter-notice, please see' .. " [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] and the article's ${TALKPAGE}." .. "'''Do not remove this template from the article until the" .. " restrictions are withdrawn'''." return ret end, image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, dispute = { description = 'For pages protected due to editing disputes', text = function (protectionObj, args) -- Hel qiimaha "disputes". local display = 'disputes' local disputes if args.section then disputes = string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, protectionObj.title.text, args.section, display ) else disputes = display end -- Samee sharaxaada, iyadoo ku xiran wakhtiga dhicitaanka. local msg if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} or until editing %s have been resolved.' else msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} until editing %s have been resolved.' end return string.format(msg, disputes) end, explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to editing disputes', }, ecp = { description = 'For articles in topic areas authorized by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] or' .. ' meets the criteria for community use', tooltip = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' under extended confirmed editing restrictions', alt = 'Extended-protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, mainpage = { description = 'For pages protected for being displayed on the [[Main Page]]', text = 'This file is currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from' .. ' editing because it is currently or will soon be displayed' .. ' on the [[Main Page]].', explanation = 'Images on the Main Page are protected due to their high' .. ' visibility. Please discuss any necessary changes on the ${TALKPAGE}.' .. '<br /><span style="font-size:90%;">' .. "'''Administrators:''' Once this image is definitely off the Main Page," .. ' please unprotect this file, or reduce to semi-protection,' .. ' as appropriate.</span>', }, office = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation', text = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. ' It has been protected since ${PROTECTIONDATE}.' end return ret end, explanation = "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not remove protection from this" .. " page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do" .. " so.'''", image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, reset = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation and' .. ' "reset" to a bare-bones version', text = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. 'On ${PROTECTIONDATE} this ${PAGETYPE} was' else ret = ret .. 'This ${PAGETYPE} has been' end ret = ret .. ' reduced to a' .. ' simplified, "bare bones" version so that it may be completely' .. ' rewritten to ensure it meets the policies of' .. ' [[WP:NPOV|Neutral Point of View]] and [[WP:V|Verifiability]].' .. ' Standard Wikipedia policies will apply to its rewriting—which' .. ' will eventually be open to all editors—and will be strictly' .. ' enforced. The ${PAGETYPE} has been ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} while' .. ' it is being rebuilt.\n\n' .. 'Any insertion of material directly from' .. ' pre-protection revisions of the ${PAGETYPE} will be removed, as' .. ' will any material added to the ${PAGETYPE} that is not properly' .. ' sourced. The associated talk page(s) were also cleared on the' .. " same date.\n\n" .. "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not override" .. " this action, and do not remove protection from this page," .. " unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation" .. " to do so. No editor may remove this notice.'''" return ret end, image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, sock = { description = 'For pages protected due to' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] of' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|banned users]]' .. ' from editing it.', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from' .. ' editing it', }, template = { description = 'For [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]]' .. ' templates and Lua modules', text = 'This is a permanently [[Help:Protection|protected]] ${PAGETYPE},' .. ' as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]].', explanation = 'Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if' .. ' it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', tooltip = 'This high-risk ${PAGETYPE} is permanently ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' to prevent vandalism', alt = 'Permanently protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, usertalk = { description = 'For pages protected against disruptive edits by a' .. ' particular user', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent ${VANDAL} from using it to make disruptive edits,' .. ' such as abusing the' .. ' &#123;&#123;[[Template:unblock|unblock]]&#125;&#125; template.', explanation = 'If you cannot edit this user talk page and you need to' .. ' make a change or leave a message, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page' .. '|request an edit]],' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]],' .. ' [[Special:Userlogin|log in]],' .. ' or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} due to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then ret = ret .. "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ' end return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}' end, tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to vandalism', } }, move = { dispute = { description = 'For pages protected against page moves due to' .. ' disputes over the page title', explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', image = 'Padlock-olive.svg' }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism' .. ' |page-move vandalism]]' } }, autoreview = {}, upload = {} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- GENERAL DATA TABLES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa sharaxaada difaaca ee lagu heli karo -- parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONBLURB}. Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca iyo -- heerka difaaca, waxaana hubiya module-ka nidaamkan soo socda: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. protectionBlurbs = { edit = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Help:Protection|' .. 'protected]] from editing', autoconfirmed = 'Editing of this ${PAGETYPE} by [[Wikipedia:User access' .. ' levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered' .. ' users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Help:Protection|disabled]]', extendedconfirmed = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} as a result of' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] enforcement or meets the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|criteria for community use]]', }, move = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]]' .. ' from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]' }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]]' .. ' users are currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]', default = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by users who are not' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Reviewing|reviewers]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] are currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]' }, upload = { default = 'Uploading new versions of this ${PAGETYPE} is currently disabled' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Explanation blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa sharaxaada faahfaahsan ee lagu heli karo -- parameter-ka ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}. Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca, -- heerka difaaca, iyo in boggu yahay bog wadahadal iyo in kale. Haddii boggu -- yahay bog wadahadal wuxuu yeelan doonaa furaha wadahadalka ee "talk"; haddii -- kale wuxuu yeelan doonaa furaha "subject". Miiska waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga, furaha wadahadalka bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga, furaha wadahadalka caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah, furaha wadahadalka bogga -- 4. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah, furaha wadahadalka caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. explanationBlurbs = { edit = { autoconfirmed = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, discuss changes on the ${TALKPAGE},' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, extendedconfirmed = { default = 'Extended confirmed protection prevents edits from all IP editors' .. ' and registered users with fewer than 30 days tenure and 500 edits.' .. ' The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|policy on community use]]' .. ' specifies that extended confirmed protection can be applied to combat' .. ' disruption, given that semi-protection has proven to be ineffective.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask for unconversial changes supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]].' }, default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]]. You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request]] that this page be unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' You may [[Wikipedia:Requests for page' .. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|request an' .. ' edit]] to this page, or [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|ask]] for it to be unprotected.' } }, move = { default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the' .. ' ${TALKPAGE} or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves at' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.' } }, autoreview = { default = { reviewer = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} will not be visible to readers' .. ' until they are accepted by a reviewer or an administrator.' .. ' To avoid the need for your edits to be reviewed, you may' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]]. Experienced editors may also' .. ' request the [[Wikipedia:Reviewing|reviewer user right]].', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} by new and unregistered users' .. ' will not be visible to readers until they are accepted by' .. ' a reviewer. To avoid the need for your edits to be' .. ' reviewed, you may' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].' }, }, upload = { default = { default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but new versions of the file' .. ' cannot be uploaded until it is unprotected. You can' .. ' request that a new version be uploaded by using a' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|protected edit request]], or you' .. ' can [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]]' .. ' that the file be unprotected.' } } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Heerarka difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa xogta parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}, kaasoo -- soo saara summad gaaban oo loogu talagalay heerarka difaaca ee kala duwan. -- Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca iyo heerka difaaca, waxaana lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. protectionLevels = { edit = { default = 'protected', templateeditor = 'template-protected', extendedconfirmed = 'extended-protected', autoconfirmed = 'semi-protected', }, move = { default = 'move-protected' }, autoreview = { }, upload = { default = 'upload-protected' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sawirrada (Images) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ku qorayaa sawirrada qufulka ee kala duwan ee ficil kasta -- oo difaac ah iyo heer kasta oo difaac ah. Waxaa la isticmaalaa haddii aan -- sawir la cayimin mid ka mid ah miisaska xogta banner-ka, iyo haddii uusan boggu -- buuxin shuruudaha isticmaalka sawirka ['image-filename-indef']. Waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah images = { edit = { default = 'Padlock.svg', templateeditor = 'Padlock-pink.svg', extendedconfirmed = 'Padlock-blue.svg', autoconfirmed = 'Padlock-silver.svg' }, move = { default = 'Padlock-olive.svg', }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Padlock-silver-light.svg', default = 'Padlock-orange.svg' }, upload = { default = 'Padlock-purple.svg' } }, -- Bogagga leh sabab lagu cayimay miiskan waxay tusi doonaan qufulka gaarka ah -- ee "indef", ee lagu qeexay fariinta 'image-filename-indef', haddii aan la dejin waqti dhicitaan ah. indefImageReasons = { template = true }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Xiriirinta sawirada (Image links) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa xogta parameter-ka ${IMAGELINK}, kaasoo hela -- xiriirinta sawirka ee calaamadaha qufulka yar iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca -- bogga iyo heerka difaaca. Waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. imageLinks = { edit = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#full', templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#template', extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended', autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#semi' }, move = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#move' }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pc1', reviewer = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pc2' }, upload = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#upload' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Magacyada tilmaamaha qufulka (Padlock indicator names) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa sifada "name" ee tag-ka kordhinta <indicator> -- ee lagu abuuro calaamadaha qufulka yar. Dhammaan tag-yada tilmaamaha ee bog ku -- jira waxaa lagu soo bandhigaa hab alifbeeti ah oo ku saleysan sifadan, iyo -- tag-yada tilmaamaha ee leh magacyo isku mid ah, tag-ka ugu dambeeya ee bogga -- ayaa guuleysta. Sifada waxaa loo doortaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo ficilka difaaca; -- furayaasha miiska waa inay noqdaan magaca ficilka difaaca ama xargaha "default". padlockIndicatorNames = { autoreview = 'pp-autoreview', default = 'pp-default' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaybaha difaaca (Protection categories) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Qaybaha difaaca waxaa lagu kaydiyaa miiska protectionCategories. -- Furayaasha miiskani waxay ka kooban yihiin xargaha soo socda: -- -- 1. taariikhda dhicitaanka -- 2. magaca bannaan (namespace) -- 3. sababta difaaca (tusaale ahaan "dispute" ama "vandalism") -- 4. heerka difaaca (tusaale ahaan "sysop" ama "autoconfirmed") -- 5. ficilka (tusaale ahaan "edit" ama "move") -- -- Marka uu module-ku ka raadiyo qayb ka mid ah miiska, marka hore wuxuu -- hubin doonaa in furaha uu jiro oo u dhigma dhammaan shanta parameter. -- Tusaale ahaan, bogga isticmaalaha ee si nidaam-nus ah looga difaacay -- falxumada laba toddobaad wuxuu yeelan lahaa furaha "temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit". -- Haddii aan la helin wax u dhigma, module-ku wuxuu beddelaa qaybta koowaad -- ee furaha una beddelaa "all" wuxuuna mar kale hubiyaa miiska. Wuxuu sii wadaa -- inuu hubiyo kombinaysonnada furaha ee sii noqonaya kuwo guud ilaa uu ka helo -- goobta, ama ilaa uu ka gaaro furaha "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- Module-ku wuxuu isticmaalaa matrix binary ah si uu u go'aamiyo amarka lagu raadinayo. -- Tan waxaa ugu fiican in lagu muujiyo miis. Miiskan, qiimayaasha "0" waxay -- matalaan "all", qiimayaasha "1" waxayna matalaan xogta asalka ah (tusaale ahaan -- "indef" ama "file" ama "vandalism"). -- -- Amarka, daqiiqadaha, iwm... -- Habkani wuxuu siinayaa ficilka mudnaanta ugu sarreysa, maadaama uu yahay -- kan ugu dambeeya ee isbeddelaya, taariikhda dhicitaankuna waxay leedahay mudnaanta -- ugu hooseysa, maadaama ay tahay mida ugu badan ee isbeddesha. -- Mudnaanta taariikhda dhicitaanka, heerka difaaca iyo ficilka waa kuwo -- go'an, laakiin mudnaanta sababta iyo magaca bannaan (namespace) waa la is-dhaafsiga -- karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo miiska cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority. --]] -- Haddii sababta loo gudbiyo template-ka ay ku qoran tahay miiskan, xogta magaca -- bannaan (namespace) waxay qaadan doontaa mudnaanta ka sarraysa xogta sababta -- ee miiska protectionCategories. reasonsWithNamespacePriority = { vandalism = true, }, -- Xargaha loo isticmaali karo furaha magaca bannaan (namespace) ee miiska protectionCategories -- nambarka magaca bannaan kasta. categoryNamespaceKeys = { [ 2] = 'user', [ 3] = 'user', [ 4] = 'project', [ 6] = 'file', [ 8] = 'mediawiki', [ 10] = 'template', [ 12] = 'project', [ 14] = 'category', [100] = 'portal', [828] = 'module', }, protectionCategories = { ['all|all|all|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia protected pages', ['all|all|office|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|reset|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|dmca|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|mainpage|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected main page files', ['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia pages under 30-500 editing restriction', ['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia pages under 30-500 editing restriction', ['all|template|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected templates', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages', ['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected categories', ['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected files', ['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected portals', ['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected templates', ['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', ['all|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia protected categories', ['all|file|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected files', ['all|project|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia protected user and user talk pages', ['all|module|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected modules', ['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected modules', ['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected modules', ['all|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals', ['all|project|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages (level 1)', ['all|all|all|reviewer|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages (level 2)', ['all|file|all|all|upload'] = 'Wikipedia upload-protected files', }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dejinta qaybta dhicitaanka (Expiry category config) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu habeeyaa dabeecadda qaybta dhicitaanka ee ficil kasta oo difaac ah. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo run (true), dejinta ficilkaas waxay mark iyo in weliba qaybin doontaa bogga haddii -- aan la dejin parameter-ka dhicitaanka. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo beenta (false), dejinta ficilkaas weligood ma qaybin doonto bogga. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo madhan (nil), module-ku wuxuu qaybin doonaa bogga haddii: -- 1) parameter-ka dhicitaanku aan la dejin, iyo -- 2) sabab la bixiyay, iyo -- 3) sababta la cayimay aysan ku jirin liiska madow ee miiska reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck. expiryCheckActions = { edit = nil, move = false, autoreview = true, upload = false }, reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = { blp = true, template = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Noocyada bogagga (Pagetypes) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa noocyada bogagga ee lagu heli karo parameter-ka ${PAGETYPE}. -- Furayaashu waa nambarada magaca bannaan (namespaces), ama xargaha "default" ee qiimaha caadiga ah. pagetypes = { [0] = 'article', [6] = 'file', [10] = 'template', [14] = 'category', [828] = 'module', default = 'page' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Xargaha calaamad u ah difaaca aan la cayimin wakhtigiisa (Strings marking indefinite protection) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ka kooban yahay qiimayaasha loo gudbiyo parameter-ka dhicitaanka -- ee la macnaha ah in bogga la difaacay si aan xad lahayn. indefStrings = { ['indef'] = true, ['indefinite'] = true, ['indefinitely'] = true, ['infinite'] = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kala-sarreynta kooxaha (Group hierarchy) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ku xirayaa koox kasta kooxahaas oo dhan ee leh -- oggolaanshaha wax-ka-beddelka bogga ee kooxdii asalka ahayd ka ballaaran. hierarchy = { sysop = {}, reviewer = {'sysop'}, filemover = {'sysop'}, templateeditor = {'sysop'}, extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'}, autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'}, user = {'autoconfirmed'}, ['*'] = {'user'} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Template-yada duubista (Wrappers) iyo doodahooda caadiga ah -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ka kooban yahay template-yada duubista ee loo isticmaalo module-ka, iyo -- doodahooda caadiga ah. Template-yada lagu cayimay miiskani waa inay ka kooban yihiin -- yeeritaanka soo socda, mana aha inay lahaadaan wax kale oo ku jira template-ka: -- -- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}} -- -- Haddii la rabo waxyaabo kale, waxaa lagu dari karaa inta u dhaxaysa -- tag-yada <noinclude>...</noinclude>. -- -- Marka isticmaalahu waco mid ka mid ah template-yadan duubista ah, waxay si toos ah u -- isticmaali doonaan doodaha caadiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaaleyaashu waxay -- beddeli karaan mid kasta oo ka mid ah doodaha. wrappers = { ['Template:Pp'] = {}, ['Template:Pp-30-500'] = {'ecp'}, ['Template:Pp-blp'] = {'blp'}, -- uma baahnanno Template:Pp-create ['Template:Pp-dispute'] = {'dispute'}, ['Template:Pp-main-page'] = {'mainpage'}, ['Template:Pp-move'] = {action = 'move'}, ['Template:Pp-move-dispute'] = {'dispute', action = 'move'}, -- uma baahnanno Template:Pp-move-indef ['Template:Pp-move-vandalism'] = {'vandalism', action = 'move'}, ['Template:Pp-office'] = {'office'}, ['Template:Pp-office-dmca'] = {'dmca'}, ['Template:Pp-pc1'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-pc2'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-reset'] = {'reset'}, ['Template:Pp-semi-indef'] = {small = true}, ['Template:Pp-sock'] = {'sock'}, ['Template:Pp-template'] = {'template', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-upload'] = {action = 'upload'}, ['Template:Pp-usertalk'] = {'usertalk'}, ['Template:Pp-vandalism'] = {'vandalism'}, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- FARIIMAHA (MESSAGES) -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- msg = { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Hordhaca sharaxaada iyo qaybta hordhaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay cayimayaan waxa ay soo saarayaan parameters-ka ${INTROBLURB} iyo -- ${INTROFRAGMENT}. Haddii difaacu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah waxay isticmaalaan -- intro-blurb-expiry ama intro-fragment-expiry, haku ahaadaan ama ha ahaadaan e -- waxay isticmaalaan intro-blurb-noexpiry ama intro-fragment-noexpiry. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.', ['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY},', ['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaada tilmaanta (Tooltip blurb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay cayimayaan waxa uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${TOOLTIPBLURB}. -- Haddii difaacu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah waxaa la isticmaalaa fariinta tooltip-blurb-expiry, -- haddii kalena waxaa la isticmaalaa fariinta tooltip-blurb-noexpiry. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.', ['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY},', ['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaada gaarka ah (Special explanation blurb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaad loogu talagalay bogagga aan la difaaci karin, tusaale ahaan bogagga -- ku jira magaca bannaan ee MediaWiki. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]].', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qiimayaasha bandhigga diiwaanka difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qiimayaasha bandhigga ee xiriirinta diiwaanka difaaca -- ama xiriirinta diiwaanka isbeddellada sugaya ee uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONLOG}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['protection-log-display'] = 'protection log', ['pc-log-display'] = 'pending changes log', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qiimayaasha bandhigga nooca hadda jira (Current version display values) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qiimayaasha bandhigga ee xiriirinta taariikhda bogga -- ama xiriirinta diiwaanka guuritaanka ee uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${CURRENTVERSION}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['current-version-move-display'] = 'current title', ['current-version-edit-display'] = 'current version', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Bogga wadahadalka (Talk page) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariintani waxay go'aan ka gaaraysaa qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirinta bogga wadahadalka -- ee lagu soo saaray parameter-ka ${TALKPAGE}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['talk-page-link-display'] = 'talk page', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Codsiyada wax-ka-beddelka (Edit requests) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariintani waxay go'aan ka gaaraysaa qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirinta codsiga wax-ka-beddelka -- ee lagu soo saaray parameter-ka ${EDITREQUEST}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['edit-request-display'] = 'submit an edit request', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaabka taariikhda dhicitaanka (Expiry date format) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tani waa qaabka taariikhda dhicitaanka sharaxaada. Waa inay ahaataa mid sax ah -- oo loo isticmaali karo parameter-ka koowaad ee shaqada farsameeyaha #time. ['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaybaha daba-galka (Tracking categories) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qaybaha daba-galka ee uu module-ku soo saaro. ['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates', ['tracking-category-template'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sawirrada (Images) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kuwani waa sawirro aan lagu qeexin ficilkooda difaaca iyo heerkooda difaaca. ['image-filename-indef'] = 'Padlock.svg', ['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhamaadka fariimaha -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhamaadka dejinta -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } tsumg413kf71q83d3rdjy8avh5t1rsf 306332 306327 2026-08-31T11:30:48Z Isma4l 41797 306332 Scribunto text/plain -- Kani waa module bixinaya xogta dejinta ee [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- BANNER DATA -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Xogta banner-ka waxay ka kooban tahay lix meelood (fields): -- * text - qoraalka ugu weyn ee difaaca ee ka muuqda xagga sare ee -- banner-rada difaaca. -- * explanation - qoraalka ka muuqda hoosta qoraalka difaaca ee ugu weyn, -- oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sharaxo tafaasiisha difaaca. -- * tooltip - qoraalka tilmaanta ee aad aragto marka aad jiirka dul saarto -- calaamadda qufulka yar. -- * link - bogga ay ku xiran tahay calaamadda qufulka yar. -- * alt - qoraalka beddelka ah (alt) ee calaamadda qufulka yar. Tan sidoo kale -- waxaa loo isticmaalaa qoraal tilmaameed ahaan banner-rada difaaca waaweyn. -- * image - sawirka qufulka ee lagu isticmaalo labada banner ee difaaca iyo -- calaamadaha qufulka yar labadaba. -- -- Module-ku wuxuu ka hubiyaa saddex miis (tables) oo kala duwan si uu u helo -- qiimaha goob kasta. Marka hore wuxuu hubiyaa miiska banners, debeddana -- wuxuu hubiyaa miiska defaultBanners, ugu dambayntana wuxuu hubiyaa miiska -- masterBanner, kaasoo haya xogta template-yada difaaca ee la isticmaalo -- haddii aan xog laga helin labadii miis ee hore. -- -- Qiimayaasha ku jira xogta banner-ka waxay qaadan karaan xajmiyaal (parameters). -- Kuwaas waxaa lagu cayimaaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (calaamadda -- doolarka oo ka horreysa magaca parameter-ka oo ku dhex jira qowsaska lulban). -- -- Parameters-ka la heli karo: -- -- ${CURRENTVERSION} - xiriir lala leeyahay taariikhda bogga ama diiwaanka guuritaanka, -- iyadoo fariinta bandhiggu tahay "current-version-edit-display" ama -- "current-version-move-display". -- -- ${EDITREQUEST} - xiriir lagu abuuro codsi wax-ka-beddel ah ee bogga hadda taagan. -- -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} - sharaxaad kooban, tusaale ahaan "Fadlan kala hadal isbeddel kasta -- bogga wadahadalka; waxaad gudbin kartaa codsi aad kaga codsan karto maamule inuu sameeyo -- wax-ka-beddel haddii ay yar tahay ama ay taageerto ra'yi midaysan." -- -- ${IMAGELINK} - xiriir loo dejiyo sawirka, iyadoo ku xiran falka difaaca -- iyo heerka difaaca. -- -- ${INTROBLURB} - cabirka PROTECTIONBLURB, oo lagu daray waqtiga dhicitaanka haddii -- la dejiyo waqti dhicitaan ah. Tusaale ahaan "Wax-ka-beddelka boggan ee isticmaalayaasha -- cusub ama aan la diiwaangelin waxaa laga reebay ilaa [taariikhda]." -- -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - la mid ah ${INTROBLURB}, laakiin iyada oo aan la gelin calaamadda -- joojinta ugu dambeysa si loogu isticmaalo weedho isku xiran. -- -- ${PAGETYPE} - nooca bogga, tusaale ahaan "maqaal" ama "template". -- Waxaa lagu qeexay miiska cfg.pagetypes. -- -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - sharaxaad kooban oo sharraxaysa heerka difaaca bogga, tusaale ahaan -- "Wax-ka-beddelka boggan ee isticmaalayaasha cusub ama aan la diiwaangelin waxaa laga reebay hadda" -- -- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - taariikhda difaaca, haddii loo dhiibay template-ka. -- -- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - heerka difaaca, tusaale ahaan "si buuxda loo difaacay" ama "si kooban loo difaacay". -- -- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - xiriir lala leeyahay diiwaanka difaaca ama diiwaanka isbeddellada sugaya, -- iyadoo ku xiran falka difaaca. -- -- ${TALKPAGE} - xiriir lala leeyahay bogga wadahadalka. Haddii qayb la cayimo, waxay si toos ah ugu -- xiraysaa qaybtaas bogga wadahadalka. -- -- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - waxay isticmaashaa cabirrada PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE iyo EXPIRY si ay u abuurto -- sharaxaad sida "Template-kan waa mid si kooban loo difaacay", ama "Maqaalkan waa mid laga -- difaacay guuritaanka ilaa [taariikhda]". -- -- ${VANDAL} - xiriirada magaca isticmaalaha la cayimay (ama magaca bogga asaasiga ah) -- iyadoo la isticmaalayo Module:Vandal-m. -- -- Hababka (Functions) -- -- Isticmaalayaasha horumar どれ, waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo hababka Lua halkii laga isticmaali -- lahaa xarfo (strings) miiska qaabeynta banner-ka. Isticmaalka hababku wuxuu bixiyaa dabacsanaan -- aan la heli karin oo kaliya lagu isticmaalo parameters. Hababku waxay qaataan laba doodood, -- shayga difaaca iyo doodaha template-ka, waxayna tahay inay soo saaraan xarfo (string). -- -- Tusaale ahaan: -- -- text = function (protectionObj, args) -- if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then -- return 'foo' -- else -- return 'bar' -- end -- end -- -- Qaybo ka mid ah sifooyinka iyo hababka shayga difaaca ee waxtarka yeelan kara: -- protectionObj.action - falka difaaca -- protectionObj.level - heerka difaaca -- protectionObj.reason - sababta difaaca -- protectionObj.expiry - waqtiga dhicitaanka. Waa nil haddii aan la dejin, xarfo "indef" haddii -- loo dejiyo mid aan la xadidin, iyo waqtiga difaaca ee unix time haddii uu yahay mid ku meel gaar ah. -- protectionObj.protectionDate - taariikhda difaaca ee unix time, ama nil haddii -- aan la cayimin. -- protectionObj.bannerConfig - qaabeynta banner-ka ee uu helay module-ku. Ka digtoonow -- in wax laga beddelo goobta qaabeynta ee uu adeegsanayo habka, maadaama ay abuuri karto -- loop aan dhammaad lahayn. -- protectionObj:isProtected - waxay soo celisaa boolean tusaysa in boggu difaacanyahay iyo in kale. -- protectionObj:isTemporary - waxay soo celisaa boolean tusaysa in waqtiga dhicitaanku ku meel gaar yahay. -- protectionObj:isIncorrect - waxay soo celisaa boolean tusaysa in template-ka difaacu khaldanyahay. --]] -- Xogta banner-ka weyn, waxaa la isticmaalaa haddii aan wax qiimo ah laga helin banners ama -- defaultBanners. masterBanner = { text = '${INTROBLURB}', explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}', link = '${IMAGELINK}', alt = 'Bogga ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' }, -- Xogta banner-ka caadiga ah. Tani waxay haysaa xogta banner-ka ee heerarka difaaca ee kala duwan. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay edit, move, autoreview iyo upload subtables. defaultBanners = { edit = {}, move = {}, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = { alt = 'Bogga waxaa lagu difaacay heerka isbeddellada sugaya 1', tooltip = 'Dhammaan wax-ka-beddellada ay sameeyaan isticmaalayaasha aan la diiwaangelin iyo kuwa cusub waxay ku xiran yihiin dib-u-eegis ka hor intaanay u muuqan isticmaalayaasha aan la diiwaangelin', image = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' }, default = { alt = 'Bogga waxaa lagu difaacay isbeddellada sugaya', tooltip = 'Dhammaan wax-ka-beddellada ay sameeyaan isticmaalayaasha aan la diiwaangelin iyo kuwa cusub waxay ku xiran yihiin dib-u-eegis ka hor intaanay u muuqan isticmaalayaasha aan la diiwaangelin', image = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' } }, upload = {} }, -- Xogta banner-ka. Tani waxay haysaa xogta banner-ka ee sababaha difaaca ee kala duwan. -- Dhab ahaantii, sababaha lagu cayimay miiskan waxay xakameynayaan sababaha ah -- gelinta saxda ah ee parameter-ka koowaad ee booska. -- -- Waxaa sidoo kale jira goob "description" oo aan ahayn mid caadi ah taasoo loo isticmaali karo waxyaabaha -- ku jira miiskan. Tani waa sharaxaad ku saabsan sababta difaaca ee loogu isticmaalo dukumentiyada module-ka. -- -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay edit, move, autoreview iyo upload subtables. banners = { edit = { blp = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga loo difaacay si loo dhiirrigeliyo u hoggaansanaanta' .. ' siyaasadda [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. '|taariikh-nololeedyada dadka nool]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} si loo dhiirrigeliyo u hoggaansanaanta' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. "|siyaasadda&nbsp;Wikipedia&nbsp;ee&nbsp;ku&nbsp;saabsan&nbsp;taariikh-nololeedyada" .. ' dadka&nbsp;nool]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} si loo dhiirrigeliyo u hoggaansanaanta siyaasadda' .. ' taariikh-nololeedyada dadka nool', }, dmca = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga ay difaacday Wikimedia Foundation' .. ' iyada oo la xiriirta codsiyada [[قانون الألفية للملكية الرقمية]] ee meesha looga saarayo', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'Iyadoo la raacayo ogeysiiska mulkiilaha xuquuqda ee hoos yimaada Sharciga' .. ' Xuquuqda Daabacaadda Dijitaalka ee Kun-sanadka (DMCA) ee ku saabsan wax ka mid ah waxyaabaha' .. ' ku jira maqaalkan, Wikimedia Foundation waxay ku dhaqaaqday sharciga' .. ' la dabaqi karo waxayna meesha ka saartay oo xaddiday waxyaabaha' .. ' su aasha ku jira.' if args.notice then ret = ret .. ' Nuqul ka mid ah ogeysiiska la helay waxaa laga helayaa halkan: ' .. args.notice .. '.' end ret = ret .. ' Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah, oo ay ku jiraan mareegaha ka wada doodayaya' .. ' sida loo gudbiyo ogeysiis-celin, fadlan eeg' .. " [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] iyo ${TALKPAGE} ee maqaalka." .. "'''Ha ka saarin template-kan maqaalka ilaa iyo inta" .. " xaddiraadaha laga laabanyo'''." return ret end, image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', }, dispute = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga loo difaacay khilaafaadka wax-ka-beddelka awgood', text = function (protectionObj, args) -- Hel qiimaha "disputes". local display = 'khilaafaadka' local disputes if args.section then disputes = string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, protectionObj.title.text, args.section, display ) else disputes = display end -- Samee sharaxaadda kooban, iyadoo ku xiran waqtiga dhicitaanka. local msg if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} ama ilaa inta laga xallinayo wax-ka-beddelka %s.' else msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} ilaa inta laga xallinayo wax-ka-beddelka %s.' end return string.format(msg, disputes) end, explanation = "Difaacani '''ma ahan''' oggolaansho ${CURRENTVERSION}." .. ' ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} sababo la xiriira khilaafaadka wax-ka-beddelka', }, ecp = { description = 'Loogu talagalay maqaallada ku jira meelaha mawduucyada ee ay oggolaatay' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:مجلس التحكيم]] ama' .. ' buuxinaysa shuruudaha isticmaalka bulshada', tooltip = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}', alt = 'Fogaan-difaacan ${PAGETYPE}', }, mainpage = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga loo difaacay in lagu soo bandhigo [[الصفحة الرئيسة]]', text = 'Faylkan waa mid hadda' .. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|laga difaacay]]' .. ' wax-ka-beddelka sababtoo ah waxaa hadda ama dhawaan lagu soo bandhigi doonaa' .. ' [[الصفحة الرئيسة]].', explanation = 'Sawirada ku jira Bogga Hore waxaa loo difaacay muuqashadooda sare' .. ' awgeed. Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah ee lagama maarmaanka ah ${TALKPAGE}.' .. '<br /><span style="font-size:90%;">' .. "'''Maamulayaasha:''' Marka sawirkani uu si rasmi ah uga baxo Bogga Hore," .. ' fadlan ka saar difaaca faylkan, ama u dhimista difaaca kooban,' .. ' sida ku habboon.</span>', }, office = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga ay difaacday Wikimedia Foundation', text = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} wuxuu hadda hoos tagaa' .. ' baaritaanka' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Xafiiska Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' waana la difaacay.' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. ' Waxaa la difaacay ilaa ${PROTECTIONDATE}.' end return ret end, explanation = "Haddii aad wax ka beddeli kartid boggan, fadlan kala hadal dhammaan isbeddellada iyo" .. " ku-ordhinta ${TALKPAGE} marka hore. '''Ha ka saarin difaaca boggan" .. " ilaa lagaa oggolaado in aad sidaas samayso adigoo ka helaya Wikimedia Foundation.'''", image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', }, reset = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga ay difaacday Wikimedia Foundation oo' .. ' "dib loo dejiyay" oo loo celiyay nooc asaasi ah', text = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} wuxuu hadda hoos tagaa' .. ' baaritaanka' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Xafiiska Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' waana la difaacay.', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. 'Taariikhdu markay ahayd ${PROTECTIONDATE} ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} waxaa' else ret = ret .. '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} waxaa' end ret = ret .. ' loo dhimay' .. ' nooc fudud oo "asaasi ah" si loogu dib-u-qoro' .. ' si buuxda si loo xaqiijiyo inay buuxinayso siyaasadaha' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:وجهة النظر المحايدة]] iyo [[ويكيبيديا:إمكانية التحقق]].' .. ' Siyaasadaha caadiga ah ee Wikipedia ayaa lagu dabaqi doonaa dib-u-qoristeeda—taas oo' .. ' ugu dambeyn u furan dhammaan tifaftirayaasha—waana la adkayn doonaa' .. ' si adag. ${PAGETYPE} waxaa ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} inta' .. ' la dhisayo.\n\n' .. 'Gelinta kasta oo ka timid' .. ' dib-u-eegisyadii ka horreeyay difaaca ee ${PAGETYPE} waa meesha laga saari doonaa, sida' .. ' oo kale wixii agab ah ee lagu daro ${PAGETYPE} ee aan si sax ah' .. ' looga soo xigan. Bogga/bogagga wadahadalka ee la xiriira sidoo kale waa la nadiifiyay' .. " isla taariikhdaas.\n\n" .. "Haddii aad wax ka beddeli kartid boggan, fadlan kala hadal dhammaan isbeddellada iyo" .. " ku-ordhinta ${TALKPAGE} marka hore. '''Ha burin" .. " tallaabadan, hana ka saarin difaaca boggan," .. " ilaa lagaa oggolaado in aad sidaas samayso adigoo ka helaya Wikimedia Foundation." .. " Ma jiro tifaftiraha ka saari kara ogeysiishan.'''" return ret end, image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', }, sock = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga loo difaacay sababo la xiriira' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:دمية جورب]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} si looga hortago in [[ويكيبيديا:دمية جورب]] ee' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة المنع]] ama' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الطرد]]' .. ' ay wax ka beddelaan.', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} si looga hortago in caruusadaha suufka ah ee isticmaalayaasha la xiray ama la mamnuucay ay' .. ' wax ka beddelaan', }, template = { description = 'Loogu talagalay qوالب ووحدات لوا ' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:قوالب حساسة|الحساسة]]', text = ' ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} [[وب:سياسة الحماية|${PROTECTED}]] ,' .. ' لأنه [[ويكيبيديا:قوالب حساسة|حساس]].', explanation = 'Fadlan ka wadahadal isbeddel kasta ${TALKPAGE}; waxaad' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} si aad u weydiisato' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إداريون]] ama' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|tifaftiraha template-ka]] inuu sameeyo wax-ka-beddel haddii' .. ' ay tahay [[مساعدة:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|aan khilaaf lahayْن]] ama ay taageerto' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:توافق]]. Waxaad sidoo kale' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية]] in bogga laga qaado' .. ' difaaca.', tooltip = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} High sensitivity ${PROTECTED} absolutely at the ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} level' .. ' si looga hortago kharribadda', alt = '${PAGETYPE} ${PROTECTED} weligiis', }, usertalk = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga lagaga difaacay wax-ka-beddellada kharribaya ee' .. ' isticmaale gaar ah', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} si looga hortago in ${VANDAL} uu u isticmaalo inuu ku sameeyo wax-ka-beddello kharribaya,' .. ' sida ku xad-gudubka' .. ' &#123;&#123;[[قالب:رفع المنع]]&#125;&#125; template.', explanation = 'Haddii aadan wax ka beddeli karin boggan wadahadalka isticmaalaha oo aad u baahan tahay' .. ' inaad samayso isbeddel ama aad ka tagto fariin, waxaad' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية' .. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page' .. '|codsan kartaa wax-ka-beddel]],' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|codsan kartaa in la qaado difaaca]],' .. ' [[Special:Userlogin|soogasho]],' .. ' ama [[Special:UserLogin/signup|abuur koonto]].', }, vandalism = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga lagaga difaacay' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:تخريب]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} sababo la xiriira [[ويكيبيديا:تخريب]].', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then ret = ret .. "Difaacani '''ma ahan''' oggolaansho" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ' end return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}' end, tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} sababo la xiriira kharribadda', } }, move = { dispute = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga lagaga difaacay guuritaanka bogga sababo la xiriira' .. ' khilaafaadka ku saabsan cinwaanka bogga', explanation = "Difaacani '''ma ahan''' oggolaansho" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', image = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg' }, vandalism = { description = 'Loogu talagalay bogagga lagaga difaacay' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism' .. ' |kharribadda guuritaanka bogga]]' } }, autoreview = {}, upload = {} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- MIISASKA XOGTA GUUD -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaadda difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saarayaa sharaxaadda difaaca ee la heli karo oo wata -- parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONBLURB}. Waxaa loo kala soocay falka difaaca iyo -- heerka difaaca, waxaana hubiya module-ka nidaamka soo socda: -- 1. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. falka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay edit, move, autoreview iyo upload subtables. protectionBlurbs = { edit = { default = 'Wax-ka-beddellada ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} waa kuwo [[مساعدة:حماية|' .. 'محmя]] hadda', autoconfirmed = 'Wax kasta oo wax-ka-beddel ah ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} oo ka yimaada isticmaale [[ويكيبيديا:مستويات صلاحيات' .. ' المستخدم#صلاحيات المستخدمين|cusub]] ama [[ويكيبيديا:مستويات صلاحيات المستخدم#مستخدمون' .. ' مجهولون|aan la aqoon]] waa [[مساعدة:حماية|mid diidban]] hadda', extendedconfirmed = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} as a result of' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:مجلس التحكيم]] enforcement or meets the' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#extended|criteria for community use]]', }, move = { default = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|${PROTECTED}]] hadda' .. ' laga bilaabo [[ويكيبيديا:نقل صفحة|Guuritaanka]]' }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Dhammaan wax-ka-beddellada lagu sameeyay ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} by' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:مستويات صلاحيات المستخدم]] ama' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:مستويات صلاحيات المستخدم]]' .. ' users are currently' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:تعديلات معلقة]]', default = 'Dhammaan wax-ka-beddellada ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ee ka yimaada isticmaalayaasha aan ahayn' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Reviewing|dib-u-eegayaal si otomaatig ah]] ama' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إداريون]] ayaa ah kuwo sugaya hadda' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:تعديلات معلقة]]' }, upload = { default = 'Soo gelinta noocyada cusub ee ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} waa kuwo naafaysan hadda' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaadda faahfaahsan -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saarayaa sharaxaadda faahfaahsan ee la heli karo oo wata -- parameter-ka ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}. Waxaa loo kala soocay falka difaaca, -- heerka difaaca, iyo in boggu yahay bog wadahadal iyo in kale. Haddii boggu yahay -- bog wadahadal wuxuu yeelan doonaa furaha wadahadalka ee "talk"; haddii kale wuxuu yeelan doonaa -- furaha mawduuca ee "subject". Miiska waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan soo socda: -- 1. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga, furaha wadahadalka bogga -- 2. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga, furaha wadahadalka caadiga ah -- 3. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah, furaha wadahadalka bogga -- 4. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah, furaha wadahadalka caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay edit, move, autoreview iyo upload subtables. explanationBlurbs = { edit = { autoconfirmed = { subject = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah. Haddii aadan' .. ' karin in aad wax ka beddesho ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ama aad samayso isbeddel muhiim ah, waxaad' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, ama kala hadal isbeddellada ${TALKPAGE},' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية' .. '' .. '|codso in meesha laga saaro difaaca]], ama [[Special:Userlogin|gal koontadaada]], ama' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|abuur koonto]].', default = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah. Ma kartid' .. ' inaad wax ka beddesho ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE}kan, waxaadna gudbin kartaa codsi' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية' .. '#طلب_إزالة_حماية' .. '|si kor loogu qaado difaaca]] haddii aad tahay mid [[Special:Userlogin|diiwaangashan]], ama' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|abuur koonto]].', }, extendedconfirmed = { default = 'Difaaca xaqiijinta la kordhiyay wuxuu ka hortagayaa wax-ka-beddellada dhammaan tifaftirayaasha aan la diiwaangelin' .. ' iyo isticmaalayaasha diiwaangashan ee leh muddo ka yar 30 maalmood iyo 500 oo wax-ka-beddel ah.' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#extended|Siyaasadda isticmaalka bulshada]]' .. ' waxay qeexaysaa in difaaca xaqiijinta la kordhiyay la dari karo si loola dagaallamo' .. ' kharribadda, haddii difaaca qaybsan uu noqday mid aan waxtar lahayn.' .. ' Difaaca xaqiijinta la kordhiyay waxaa sidoo kale la dari karaa si loo dhaqangeliyo' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ganaaxyada guddiga garsoorka]].' .. ' Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah ${TALKPAGE}; waxaad' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} si aad u weydiisato isbeddello aan khilaaf lahayn oo ay taageerto' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:توافق]].' }, default = { subject = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.' .. ' Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah ${TALKPAGE}; ama waxaad' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST}' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إداريون|maamulayaasha]] in ay sameeyaan wax-ka-beddellada' .. ' haddii ay yihiin kuwo [[مساعدة:تعديل طفيف' .. '|aan khilaaf lahayn]] ama hoos tago [[ويكيبيديا:توافق' .. '|isafgarad]] hore. Waxaad sidoo kale [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار' .. ' الإداريين/حماية' .. '|gudbin kartaa codsi]] in la difaaco.', default = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.' .. ' Waxaad [[Wikipedia:Requests for page' .. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|codsan kartaa wax-ka-beddel]]' .. ' boggan, ama [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|weydiisan kartaa]] in laga qaado difaaca.' } }, move = { default = { subject = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.' .. ' Boggu waa la beddeli karaa laakiin lama guuri karo' .. ' ilaa laga qaado difaaca. Fadlan kala hadal guuritaanka lagu taliyay' .. ' ${TALKPAGE} ama [[ويكيبيديا:طلبات النقل]]. Waxaad sidoo kale' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية]] in bogga laga qaado' .. ' difaaca.', default = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.' .. ' Boggu waa la beddeli karaa laakiin lama guuri karo' .. ' ilaa laga qaado difaaca. Fadlan kala hadal guuritaanka lagu taliyay' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:طلبات النقل]]. Waxaad sidoo kale' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية]] in bogga laga qaado' .. ' difaaca.' } }, autoreview = { default = { reviewer = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.' .. ' Wax-ka-beddellada ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ma noqon doonaan kuwo akhriska u muuqda' .. ' ilaa uu ka eego mid ka mid ah tifaftirayaasha ama maamulayaasha.' .. ' Si looga fogaado baahida loo qabo in dib loo eego wax-ka-beddelladaada, waxaad' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية' .. '#طلب_إزالة_حماية' .. '|gudbin kartaa codsi ah in laga qaado difaaca]]. Waxaad sidoo kale' .. ' gudbin kartaa codsi [[ويكيبيديا:طلبات مراجعة التعديلات|si dib loogu eego wax-ka-beddelladaada]].', default = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.' .. ' Wax-ka-beddellada ${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ee ay sameeyeen kuwa diiwaangashan cusub iyo kuwa aan la aqoon' .. ' ma noqon doonaan kuwo akhriska u muuqda, ilaa uu ka eego' .. ' Tifaftirayaasha. Si looga fogaado baahida loo qabo' .. ' dib-u-eegista wax-ka-beddelladaada, waxaad' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية' .. '' .. '|gudbin kartaa codsi]] in laga qaado difaaca, haddii aad leedahay koonto [[Special:Userlogin|soo gal]] ama' .. ' fadlan [[Special:UserLogin/signup|abuur koonto cusub]].' }, }, upload = { default = { default = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.' .. ' Boggu waa la beddeli karaa laakiin noocyada cusub ee faylka' .. ' lama soo gelin karo ilaa laga qaado difaaca. Waxaad' .. ' codsan kartaa in nooc cusub la soo geliyo adigoo isticmaalaya' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|codsi wax-ka-beddel oo difaacsan]], ama' .. ' waxaad [[ويكيبيديا:إخطار الإداريين/حماية]]' .. ' in faylka laga qaado difaaca.' } } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Heerarka difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa xogta parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}, kaas oo -- soo saaraya sumad gaaban oo loogu talagalay heerarka difaaca ee kala duwan. Waxaa loo kala soocay -- falka difaaca iyo heerka difaaca, waxaana lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan soo socda: -- 1. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. falka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay edit, move, autoreview iyo upload subtables. protectionLevels = { edit = { default = '${PROTECTED}', templateeditor = '${PROTECTED} si buuxda (ogolaansho tifaftirayaasha template-ka)', -- غير مستعمل في ويكيبيا العربية extendedconfirmed = 'extended-protected', editor = '${PROTECTED} si kooban (ogolaansho tifaftirayaasha)', autoconfirmed = '${PROTECTED} si kooban (ogolaansho kuwa si otomaatig ah loo xaqiijiyay)', autoreview = '${PROTECTED} si kooban (ogolaansho kuwa si otomaatig ah dib loogu eego)', }, move = { default = '${PROTECTED} laga bilaabo guuritaanka' }, autoreview = { }, upload = { default = '${PROTECTED} laga bilaabo dib-u-soo-gelinta' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sawirrada (Images) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ku qorayaa sawirrada qufulka ee kala duwan falka difaaca kasta iyo -- heerka difaaca kasta. Waxaa la isticmaalaa haddii aan sawir lagu cayimin mid ka mid ah -- miisaska xogta banner-ka, iyo haddii uusan boggu buuxin shuruudaha isticmaalka -- sawirka ['image-filename-indef']. Waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan soo socda: -- 1. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah images = { edit = { default = 'Full-protection-shackle-block.svg', templateeditor = 'Template-protection-shackle-brackets-rtl.svg', extendedconfirmed = 'Extended-protection-shackle.svg', editor = 'Extended-protection-shackle-check-mark.svg', autoconfirmed = 'Semi-protection-shackle.svg', autoreview = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg', interfaceadmin = 'Interface-protection-shackle-gear.svg' }, move = { default = 'Move-protection-shackle-rtl.svg', }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Semi-protection-shackle.svg', default = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' }, upload = { default = 'Upload-protection-shackle.svg' } }, -- Bogagga leh sabab lagu cayimay miiskan waxay muujin doonaan qufulka gaarka ah "indef", -- ee lagu qeexay fariinta 'image-filename-indef', haddii aan la dejin waqti dhicitaan ah. indefImageReasons = { template = true }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Xiriirada sawirka (Image links) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa xogta parameter-ka ${IMAGELINK}, kaas oo helaya -- xiriirka sawirka ee calaamadaha qufulka yar oo ku salaysan falka difaaca bogga -- iyo heerka difaaca. Waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan soo socda: -- 1. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. falka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. falka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay edit, move, autoreview iyo upload subtables. imageLinks = { edit = { default = 'ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#مستويات الحماية', templateeditor = 'ويكيبيديا:محررو القوالب', extendedconfirmed = 'ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#مستويات الحماية', autoconfirmed = 'ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#مستويات الحماية' }, move = { default = 'ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#مستويات الحماية' }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#مستويات الحماية', reviewer = 'ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#مستويات الحماية' }, upload = { default = 'ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية#مستويات الحماية' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Magacyada calaamadaha qufulka (Padlock indicator names) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa sifada "name" ee tag-ga kordhinta <indicator> -- kaas oo lagu abuuro calaamadaha qufulka yar. Dhammaan tag-yada kordhinta ee bogga -- waxaa lagu soo bandhigaa si xarfaha ah oo ku salaysan sifadan, iyo leh -- tag-yo kordhin oo leh magacyo labalaaban, tag-ga ugu dambeeya ee bogga ayaa guulaysata. -- Sifada waxaa loo doortaa iyadoo ku salaysan falka difaaca; furayaasha miiska waa inay ahaadaan -- magaca falka difaaca ama xarfo "default". padlockIndicatorNames = { autoreview = 'pp-autoreview', default = 'pp-default' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaybaha difaaca (Protection categories) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Qaybaha difaaca waxaa lagu kaydiyaa miiska protectionCategories. -- Furayaasha miiskan waxay ka kooban yihiin xarfaha soo socda: -- -- 1. taariikhda dhicitaanka -- 2. namespace-ka -- 3. sababta difaaca (tusaale ahaan "dispute" ama "vandalism") -- 4. heerka difaaca (tusaale ahaan "sysop" ama "autoconfirmed") -- 5. falka (tusaale ahaan "edit" ama "move") -- -- Marka uu module-ku eego qaybta miiska, marka hore wuxuu hubin doonaa in -- uu jiro fure u dhigma dhammaan shanta parameters. Tusaale ahaan, bogga -- isticmaalaha ee si kooban looga difaacay kharribadda laba toddobaad waxay yeelan doontaa furaha -- "temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit". Haddii aysan helin wax ku habboon, module-ku -- wuxuu beddelaa qaybta koowaad ee furaha oo ka dhigaya "all" wuxuuna hubiyaa miiska mar kale. Wuxuu -- sii wadaa hubinta isku-darka furayaasha ee sii kordhaya ilaa uu ka helo -- goobta, ama ilaa uu ka gaaro furaha "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- Module-ku wuxuu isticmaalaa matrix binary ah si uu u go'aamiyo nidaamka uu ku raadinayo. -- Tani waxaa si fiican u muujinaya miis. Miiskan, qiimayaasha "0" -- waxay matalaan "all", qiimayaashana "1" waxay matalaan xogta asaasiga ah (tusaale ahaan -- "indef" ama "file" ama "vandalism"). -- -- expiry namespace reason level action -- order -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 1 1 -- 4 0 0 1 1 1 -- 5 1 1 0 1 1 -- 6 0 1 0 1 1 -- 7 1 0 0 1 1 -- 8 0 0 0 1 1 -- 9 1 1 1 0 1 -- 10 0 1 1 0 1 -- 11 1 0 1 0 1 -- 12 0 0 1 0 1 -- 13 1 1 0 0 1 -- 14 0 1 0 0 1 -- 15 1 0 0 0 1 -- 16 0 0 0 0 1 -- 17 1 1 1 1 0 -- 18 0 1 1 1 0 -- 19 1 0 1 1 0 -- 20 0 0 1 1 0 -- 21 1 1 0 1 0 -- 22 0 1 0 1 0 -- 23 1 0 0 1 0 -- 24 0 0 0 1 0 -- 25 1 1 1 0 0 -- 26 0 1 1 0 0 -- 27 1 0 1 0 0 -- 28 0 0 1 0 0 -- 29 1 1 0 0 0 -- 30 0 1 0 0 0 -- 31 1 0 0 0 0 -- 32 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- Nidaamkan falku wuxuu leeyahay mudnaanta ugu sarreysa, maadaama uu yahay kan ugu dambeeya -- ee isbeddelaya, waqtiga dhicitaankuna wuxuu leeyahay mudnaanta ugu hooseysa, maadaama uu isbeddelo inta badan. -- Mudnaanta waqtiga dhicitaanka, heerka difaaca iyo falka waa kuwo -- go'an, laakiin mudnaanta sababta iyo namespace-ka waa la isku beddeli karaa -- iyadoo la adeegsanayo miiska cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority. --]] -- Haddii sababta loo cayimay template-ka ay ku qoran tahay miiskan, -- xogta namespace-ku waxay mudnaanta ka siin doontaa xogta sababta ee miiska protectionCategories reasonsWithNamespacePriority = { vandalism = true, }, -- Xarigga loo isticmaalo furaha namespace-ka ee miiska protectionCategories ee namespace kasta -- lambarka namespace-ka. categoryNamespaceKeys = { [ 2] = 'user', [ 3] = 'user', [ 4] = 'project', [ 6] = 'file', [ 8] = 'mediawiki', [ 10] = 'template', [ 12] = 'project', [ 14] = 'category', [100] = 'portal', [828] = 'module', }, protectionCategories = { ['all|all|all|all|all'] ='Bogagga difaacsan', ['all|all|office|all|all'] ='Bogagga difaacsan ee Xafiiska Wikipedia', ['all|all|reset|all|all'] ='Bogagga difaacsan ee Xafiiska Wikipedia', ['all|all|dmca|all|all'] ='Bogagga difaacsan ee Xafiiska Wikipedia', ['all|all|mainpage|all|all'] ='Faylasha bogga hore ee Wikipedia ee si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Bogagga xaqiijinta la kordhiyay ee Wikipedia ee difaacsan', ['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Bogagga xaqiijinta la kordhiyay ee Wikipedia ee difaacsan', ['all|template|all|all|edit'] ='Template-yada difaacsan', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga difaacsan ee ku saabsan kuwa la xaqiijiyay oo keliya', ['all|all|all|autoreview|edit'] ='Bogagga difaacsan ee ku saabsan dib-u-eegaha otomaatiga ah oo keliya', ['all|all|all|editor|edit'] ='Bogagga difaacsan ee ku saabsan tifaftirayaasha oo keliya', ['all|all|all|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga si buuxda loo difaacay', ['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga si kooban loogu difaacay si joogto ah', ['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool ee si kooban loogu difaacay si joogto ah', ['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool ee si kooban loogu difaacay si ku meel gaar ah', ['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga si kooban loogu difaacay khilaaf awgeed', ['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga si kooban loogu difaacay isticmaalayaasha la xiray', ['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga si kooban loogu difaacay ka hortagga kharribadda', ['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Qaybaha si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Faylasha si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Albaabada si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga mashruuca ee si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga wadahadalka ee si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Template-yada si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|template|all|editor|edit'] ='Template-yada si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|template|all|autoreview|edit'] ='Template-yada si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Bogagga isticmaalaha iyo wadahadalka isticmaalaha ee si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit'] ='Template-yada difaacsan', ['all|all|blp|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool ee si buuxda loo difaacay si joogto ah', ['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool ee difaacsan', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga difaacsan khilaaf awgeed', ['all|all|sock|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga laga difaacay isticmaalayaasha la xiray', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga lagaga difaacay kharribadda', ['all|category|all|sysop|edit'] ='Qaybaha si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|file|all|sysop|edit'] ='Faylasha si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|project|all|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga mashruuca ee si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|talk|all|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga wadahadalka ee si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|template|all|sysop|edit'] ='Template-yada si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|user|all|sysop|edit'] ='Bogagga isticmaalaha iyo wadahadalka isticmaalaha ee difaacsan', ['all|module|all|all|edit'] ='Qaybaha (modules) si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit'] ='Qaybaha (modules) difaacsan', ['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] ='Qaybaha (modules) si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|module|all|editor|edit'] ='Qaybaha (modules) si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|module|all|autoreview|edit'] ='Qaybaha (modules) si kooban loo difaacay', ['all|all|all|sysop|move'] ='Bogagga laga difaacay guuritaanka', ['indef|all|all|sysop|move'] ='Bogagga si joogto ah looga difaacay guuritaanka', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|move'] ='Bogagga laga difaacay guuritaanka khilaaf awgeed', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move'] ='Bogagga laga difaacay guuritaanka kharribad awgeed', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] ='Albaabada laga difaacay guuritaanka', ['all|project|all|sysop|move'] ='Bogagga mashruuca ee laga difaacay guuritaanka', ['all|talk|all|sysop|move'] ='Bogagga wadahadalka ee laga difaacay guuritaanka', ['all|template|all|sysop|move'] ='Template-yada laga difaacay guuritaanka', ['all|user|all|sysop|move'] ='Bogagga isticmaalaha iyo wadahadalka isticmaalaha ee laga difaacay guuritaanka', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview'] ='Bogagga difaacsan ee isbeddellada sugaya ee Wikipedia (heerka 1)', ['all|all|all|reviewer|autoreview'] ='Bogagga difaacsan ee isbeddellada sugaya ee Wikipedia (heerka 2)', ['all|file|all|all|upload'] ='Faylasha laga difaacay soo gelinta', }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaabeynta qaybta dhicitaanka (Expiry category config) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu habeynayaa hab-dhaqanka qaybta dhicitaanka ee falka difaaca kasta. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo true, dejinta falkaas waxay mark iyo kasta qaybin doontaa bogga haddii -- parameter-ka dhicitaanka aan la dejin. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo false, dejinta falkaas weligood ma qaybin doonto bogga. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo nil, module-ku wuxuu qaybin doonaa bogga haddii: -- 1) parameter-ka dhicitaanka aan la dejin, iyo -- 2) sabab la bixiyo, iyo -- 3) sababta la cayimay aysan ku jirin liiska madow ee reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck -- miiska. expiryCheckActions = { edit = nil, move = false, autoreview = true, upload = false }, reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = { blp = true, template = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Noocyada bogga (Pagetypes) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saarayaa noocyada bogga ee la heli karo oo wata parameter-ka ${PAGETYPE}. -- Furayaashu waa nambarada namespace-ka, ama xarigga "default" ee qiimaha caadiga ah. pagetypes = { [0] = 'Maqaalka', [6] = 'Faylka', [10] = 'Template-ka', [14] = 'Qaybta', [828] = 'Qaybta (Module)', default = 'Bogga' }, this = {'tan', 'kan'}, protected = {'difaacsan', 'difaacan'}, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Xarfaha tilmaamaya difaaca aan la xadidin (Strings marking indefinite protection) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ka kooban yahay qiimayaasha loo gudbiyo parameter-ka dhicitaanka oo la macno ah in bogga -- la difaacay si aan la xadidin. indefStrings = { ['indef'] = true, ['indefinite'] = true, ['indefinitely'] = true, ['infinite'] = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Hab-dhiska kooxda (Group hierarchy) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ku xirayaa koox kasta dhammaan kooxaha leh superset ee ogolaanshaha -- wax-ka-beddelka bogga ee kooxda asaasiga ah. -- معدل ليوافق هرم الصلاحيات في ويكيبيديا العربية hierarchy = { sysop = {}, reviewer = {'sysop'}, filemover = {'sysop'}, templateeditor = {'sysop'}, --غير مستعمل extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'}, --غير مستعمل editor = {'reviewer','sysop'}, autoreview = {'editor'}, autoconfirmed = {'autoreview', 'editor', 'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'}, user = {'autoconfirmed'}, ['*'] = {'user'} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Template-yada duuban iyo doodahooda caadiga ah (Wrapper templates and their default arguments) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ka kooban yahay template-yada duuban ee la isticmaalo module-ka, iyo doodahooda -- caadiga ah. Template-yada lagu cayimay miiskan waa inay ka kooban yihiin -- yeeritaanka soo socda, mana aha inay lahaadaan wax kale oo ku jira xogta template-ka: -- -- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}} -- -- Haddii la rabo waxyaabo kale, waxaa lagu dari karaa inta u dhaxaysa -- <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags. -- -- Marka isticmaalahu waco mid ka mid ah template-yadan duuban, waxay si otomaatig ah u isticmaali doonaan -- doodaha caadiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalayaashu waxay burin karaan wixii ka mid ah -- doodaha. wrappers = { ['Template:Pp'] = {}, ['Template:Pp-extended'] = {'ecp'}, ['Template:Pp-blp'] = {'blp'}, -- we don't need Template:Pp-create ['Template:Pp-dispute'] = {'dispute'}, ['Template:Pp-main-page'] = {'mainpage'}, ['Template:Pp-move'] = {action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Pp-move-dispute'] = {'dispute', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, -- we don't need Template:Pp-move-indef ['Template:Pp-move-vandalism'] = {'vandalism', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Pp-office'] = {'office'}, ['Template:Pp-office-dmca'] = {'dmca'}, ['Template:Pp-pc'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-pc1'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-pc2'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-reset'] = {'reset'}, ['Template:Pp-semi-indef'] = {small = true}, ['Template:Pp-sock'] = {'sock'}, ['Template:Pp-template'] = {'template', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-upload'] = {action = 'upload'}, ['Template:Pp-usertalk'] = {'usertalk'}, ['Template:Pp-vandalism'] = {'vandalism'}, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- FARIIMAHA (MESSAGES) -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- msg = { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaadda hordhaca ah iyo qaybta hordhaca ah -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay cayimayaan waxa ay soo saarayaan ${INTROBLURB} iyo -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} parameters. Haddii difaacu yahay mid ku meel gaar ah waxay isticmaalaan -- intro-blurb-expiry ama intro-fragment-expiry, haku ahaato haddii aysan ahayn waxay isticmaalaan -- intro-blurb-noexpiry ama intro-fragment-noexpiry. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} ilaa ${EXPIRY}.', ['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.', ['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} ilaa ${EXPIRY},', ['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaadda tilmaanta (Tooltip blurb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay cayimayaan waxa uu soo saarayo parameter-ka ${TOOLTIPBLURB}. -- Haddii difaacu yahay mid ku meel gaar ah fariinta tooltip-blurb-expiry ayaa la isticmaalaa, iyo -- haddii aysan ahayn fariinta tooltip-blurb-noexpiry ayaa la isticmaalaa. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} ilaa ${EXPIRY}.', ['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.', ['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} ilaa ${EXPIRY},', ['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${THIS} ${PAGETYPE} ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaad gaar ah oo kooban -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaad kooban oo loogu talagalay bogagga aan laga qaadi karin difaaca, tusaale ahaan bogagga -- ku jira namespace-ka MediaWiki. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'Eeg [[ويكيبيديا:سياسة الحماية|' .. 'siyaasadda difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah.' .. ' Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah ${TALKPAGE}; ama' .. ' waxaad ${EDITREQUEST}' .. ' [[ويكيبيديا:إداريون|maamulayaasha]] si ay u sameeyaan wax-ka-beddellada' .. ' haddii ay yihiin [[مساعدة:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|aan khilaaf lahayn]] ama ay dhacday [[ويكيبيديا:توافق' .. '|isafgarad]] hore.', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qiimaha bandhigga diiwaanka difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aaminayaan qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirka diiwaanka difaaca -- ama xiriirka diiwaanka isbeddellada sugaya ee uu soo saaro ${PROTECTIONLOG} parameter. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['protection-log-display'] = 'diiwaanka difaaca', ['pc-log-display'] = 'diiwaanka isbeddellada sugaya', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qiimaha bandhigga nooca hadda -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aaminayaan qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirka taariikhda bogga -- ama xiriirka diiwaanka guuritaanka ee uu soo saaro ${CURRENTVERSION} parameter. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['current-version-move-display'] = 'cinwaanka hadda', ['current-version-edit-display'] = 'nooca hadda', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Bogga wadahadalka -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariintani waxay go'aaminaysaa qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirka bogga wadahadalka ee la soo saaray -- oo wata ${TALKPAGE} parameter. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['talk-page-link-display'] = 'bogga wadahadalka', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Codsiyada wax-ka-beddelka -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariintani waxay go'aaminaysaa qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirka codsiga wax-ka-beddelka ee la soo saaray -- oo wata ${EDITREQUEST} parameter. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['edit-request-display'] = 'gudbi codsi', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaabka taariikhda dhicitaanka -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kani waa qaabka taariikhda dhicitaanka ee sharaxaadda kooban. Waa inay noqotaa gelitaanka saxda ah ee -- parameter-ka koowaad ee shaqada farsameeyaha #time. ['expiry-date-format'] = 'j F Y', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaybaha daba-galka -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aaminayaan qaybaha daba-galka ee uu soo saaro module-ku. ['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Bogagga Wikipedia ee leh template-yada difaaca ee khaldan', ['tracking-category-template'] = 'Bogagga Wikipedia ee difaacsan ee leh template-yada marka laga reebo template-yada iyo qaybaha (modules)', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sawirrada (Images) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kuwaasi waa sawirro aan lagu qeexin falka difaaca iyo heerka difaaca. ['image-filename-indef'] = 'Full-protection-shackle-block.svg', ['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhamaadka fariimaha -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhamaadka dejinta -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } sb8pykwpgn3h2dior6b7t1y0kru2x7z 306333 306332 2026-08-31T11:35:14Z Isma4l 41797 306333 Scribunto text/plain -- Kani waa module bixinaya xogta dejinta ee [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- BANNER DATA -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Xogta banner-ka waxay ka kooban tahay lix meelood (fields): -- * text - qoraalka ugu weyn ee difaaca ee ka muuqda xagga sare ee -- banner-rada difaaca. -- * explanation - qoraalka ka muuqda hoosta qoraalka difaaca ee ugu weyn, -- oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sharaxo tafaasiisha difaaca. -- * tooltip - qoraalka tilmaanta ee aad aragto marka aad jiirka dul saarto -- calaamadda qufulka yar. -- * link - bogga ay ku xiran tahay calaamadda qufulka yar. -- * alt - qoraalka beddelka ah (alt) ee calaamadda qufulka yar. Tan sidoo kale -- waxaa loo isticmaalaa qoraal tilmaameed ahaan banner-rada difaaca waaweyn. -- * image - sawirka qufulka ee lagu isticmaalo labada banner ee difaaca iyo -- calaamadaha qufulka yar labadaba. -- -- Module-ku wuxuu ka hubiyaa saddex miis (tables) oo kala duwan si uu u helo -- qiimaha goob kasta. Marka hore wuxuu hubiyaa miiska banners, debeddana -- wuxuu hubiyaa miiska defaultBanners, ugu dambayntana wuxuu hubiyaa miiska -- masterBanner, kaasoo haya xogta template-yada difaaca ee la isticmaalo -- haddii aan xog laga helin labadii miis ee hore. -- -- Qiimayaasha ku jira xogta banner-ka waxay qaadan karaan xajmiyaal (parameters). -- Kuwaas waxaa lagu cayimaaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (calaamadda -- doolarka oo ka horreysa magaca parameter-ka oo ku dhex jira qowsaska lulban). -- -- Parameters-ka la heli karo: -- -- ${CURRENTVERSION} - xiriir toos ah oo ku aaddan taariikhda bogga ama diiwaanka -- guuritaanka, oo wata fariinta bandhigga "current-version-edit-display" ama -- "current-version-move-display". -- -- ${EDITREQUEST} - xiriir lagu abuurayo codsi wax-ka-beddel ah oo loogu talagalay bogga hadda. -- -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} tusaale sharaxaad ah, tusaale ahaan "Fadlan kala hadal -- wixii isbeddel ah bogga wadahadalka; waxaad gudbin kartaa codsi aad kaga codsanaysato -- maamule inuu sameeyo wax-ka-beddel haddii uu yahay mid yar ama ay taageerto is-afgarad." -- -- ${IMAGELINK} - xiriir lagu dejiyo sawirka, iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca -- iyo heerka difaaca. -- -- ${INTROBLURB} - parameter-ka PROTECTIONBLURB, oo lagu daray waqtiga dhicitaanka -- haddii la cayimay. Tusaale ahaan "Wax-ka-beddelka boggan ee isticmaaleyaasha cusub -- ama aan diiwaan gashanayn waa la joojiyay ilaa dd Month YYYY." -- -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - la mid ah ${INTROBLURB}, laakiin iyada oo aan lahayn -- joojinta ugu dambeysa si loogu isticmaali karo weedho socda. -- -- ${PAGETYPE} - nooca bogga, tusaale ahaan "qoraal" ama "template". -- Lagu qeexay miiska cfg.pagetypes. -- -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - sharaxaad ku saabsan heerka difaaca bogga, tusaale ahaan -- "Wax-ka-beddelka boggan ee isticmaaleyaasha cusub ama aan diiwaan gashanayn waa la joojiyay" -- -- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - taariikhda difaaca, haddii loo dhiibay template-ka. -- -- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - heerka difaaca, tusaale ahaan "si buuxda loo difaacay" ama -- "difaac-nus ah". -- -- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - xiriir ku aaddan diiwaanka difaaca ama diiwaanka isbeddellada -- sugaya, iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca. -- -- ${TALKPAGE} - xiriir ku aaddan bogga wadahadalka. Haddii qayb la cayimiyo, -- waxay si toos ah ugu xiraysaa qaybtaas bogga wadahadalka. -- -- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - waxay isticmaashaa parameters-ka PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE iyo -- EXPIRY si ay u abuurto sharaxaad sida "Template-kan waa mid la difaacay nus-ahaan", -- ama "Qoraalkan waa mid laga ilaaliyay in la guuro ilaa DD Month YYYY". -- -- ${VANDAL} - xiriirro loogu talagalay magaca isticmaalaha ee la cayimay (ama magaca -- bogga xididka) iyadoo la isticmaalayo Module:Vandal-m. -- -- Shaqooyinka (Functions) -- -- Isticmaaleyaasha horumarsan, waxaa suurtagal ah in la isticmaalo shaqooyinka Lua -- halkii laga isticmaali lahaa xargaha (strings) ee miisaska dejinta banner-ka. -- Isticmaalka shaqooyinka wuxuu bixiyaa dabacsanaan aan suurtagal ahayn oo keliya -- la isticmaalo parameters-ka. Shaqooyinku waxay qaataan laba doodood (arguments), -- shayga difaaca iyo doodaha template-ka, waana inay soo saaraan xargo (string). -- -- Tusaale ahaan: -- -- text = function (protectionObj, args) -- if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then -- return 'foo' -- else -- return 'bar' -- end -- end -- -- Qaybo ka mid ah sifooyinka iyo hababka shayga difaaca ee waxtarka yeelan kara: -- protectionObj.action - ficilka difaaca -- protectionObj.level - heerka difaaca -- protectionObj.reason - sababta difaaca -- protectionObj.expiry - waqtiga dhicitaanka. Madhan (Nil) haddii aan la dejin, -- xargaha "indef" haddii loo dejiyo mid aan xad lahayn, iyo wakhtiga difaaca -- ee waqtiga unix haddii uu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah. -- protectionObj.protectionDate - taariikhda difaaca ee waqtiga unix, ama madhan haddii aan la cayimin. -- protectionObj.bannerConfig - dejinta banner-ka ee uu helay module-ka. Ka digtoonow -- in aad wax ka beddesho goobta dejinta ee ay isticmaasho shaqadu, maadaama -- ay abuuri karto wareeg aan dhammaad lahayn. -- protectionObj:isProtected - waxay soo celisaa run ama beenta (boolean) muujineysa in boggu difaacanyahay. -- protectionObj:isTemporary - waxay soo celisaa run ama beent ah in wakhtiga dhicitaanku yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah. -- protectionObj:isIncorrect - waxay soo celisaa run ama beent ah in template-ka difaacu khaldanyahay. --]] -- Xogta banner-ka weyn, waxaa la isticmaalaa haddii aan wax qiimo ah laga helin banners ama defaultBanners. masterBanner = { text = '${INTROBLURB}', explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}', link = '${IMAGELINK}', alt = 'Page ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' }, -- Xogta banner-ka caadiga ah. Tani waxay haysaa xogta banner-ka ee heerarka -- difaaca ee kala duwan. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. defaultBanners = { edit = {}, move = {}, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = { alt = 'Page protected with pending changes level 1', tooltip = 'All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review', image = 'Padlock-silver-light.svg' }, default = { alt = 'Page protected with pending changes level 2', tooltip = 'All edits by users who are not reviewers or administrators are' .. ' subject to review', image = 'Padlock-orange.svg' } }, upload = {} }, -- Xogta banner-ka. Tani waxay haysaa xogta banner-ka ee sababaha difaaca ee kala duwan. -- Xaqiiqdii, sababaha lagu cayimay miisaskan waxay xakameynayaan sababaha saxda ah -- ee loo gudbiyo parameter-ka booska koowaad. -- -- Waxaa sidoo kale jira goob "description" oo aan caadi ahayn taasoo loo isticmaali karo -- walxaha ku jira miiskan. Tani waa sharaxaad ku saabsan sababta difaaca ee loogu -- talagalay in lagu isticmaalo dukumentiyada module-ka. -- -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. banners = { edit = { blp = { description = 'For pages protected to promote compliance with the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. '|biographies of living persons]] policy', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. "|Wikipedia's&nbsp;policy on&nbsp;the&nbsp;biographies" .. ' of&nbsp;living&nbsp;people]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with the policy on' .. ' biographies of living people', }, dmca = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation' .. ' due to [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] takedown requests', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'Pursuant to a rights owner notice under the Digital' .. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) regarding some content' .. ' in this article, the Wikimedia Foundation acted under' .. ' applicable law and took down and restricted the content' .. ' in question.' if args.notice then ret = ret .. ' A copy of the received notice can be found here: ' .. args.notice .. '.' end ret = ret .. ' For more information, including websites discussing' .. ' how to file a counter-notice, please see' .. " [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] and the article's ${TALKPAGE}." .. "'''Do not remove this template from the article until the" .. " restrictions are withdrawn'''." return ret end, image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, dispute = { description = 'For pages protected due to editing disputes', text = function (protectionObj, args) -- Hel qiimaha "disputes". local display = 'disputes' local disputes if args.section then disputes = string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, protectionObj.title.text, args.section, display ) else disputes = display end -- Samee sharaxaada, iyadoo ku xiran wakhtiga dhicitaanka. local msg if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} or until editing %s have been resolved.' else msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} until editing %s have been resolved.' end return string.format(msg, disputes) end, explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to editing disputes', }, ecp = { description = 'For articles in topic areas authorized by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] or' .. ' meets the criteria for community use', tooltip = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' under extended confirmed editing restrictions', alt = 'Extended-protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, mainpage = { description = 'For pages protected for being displayed on the [[Main Page]]', text = 'This file is currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from' .. ' editing because it is currently or will soon be displayed' .. ' on the [[Main Page]].', explanation = 'Images on the Main Page are protected due to their high' .. ' visibility. Please discuss any necessary changes on the ${TALKPAGE}.' .. '<br /><span style="font-size:90%;">' .. "'''Administrators:''' Once this image is definitely off the Main Page," .. ' please unprotect this file, or reduce to semi-protection,' .. ' as appropriate.</span>', }, office = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation', text = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. ' It has been protected since ${PROTECTIONDATE}.' end return ret end, explanation = "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not remove protection from this" .. " page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do" .. " so.'''", image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, reset = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation and' .. ' "reset" to a bare-bones version', text = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. 'On ${PROTECTIONDATE} this ${PAGETYPE} was' else ret = ret .. 'This ${PAGETYPE} has been' end ret = ret .. ' reduced to a' .. ' simplified, "bare bones" version so that it may be completely' .. ' rewritten to ensure it meets the policies of' .. ' [[WP:NPOV|Neutral Point of View]] and [[WP:V|Verifiability]].' .. ' Standard Wikipedia policies will apply to its rewriting—which' .. ' will eventually be open to all editors—and will be strictly' .. ' enforced. The ${PAGETYPE} has been ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} while' .. ' it is being rebuilt.\n\n' .. 'Any insertion of material directly from' .. ' pre-protection revisions of the ${PAGETYPE} will be removed, as' .. ' will any material added to the ${PAGETYPE} that is not properly' .. ' sourced. The associated talk page(s) were also cleared on the' .. " same date.\n\n" .. "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not override" .. " this action, and do not remove protection from this page," .. " unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation" .. " to do so. No editor may remove this notice.'''" return ret end, image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, sock = { description = 'For pages protected due to' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] of' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|banned users]]' .. ' from editing it.', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from' .. ' editing it', }, template = { description = 'For [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]]' .. ' templates and Lua modules', text = 'This is a permanently [[Help:Protection|protected]] ${PAGETYPE},' .. ' as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]].', explanation = 'Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if' .. ' it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', tooltip = 'This high-risk ${PAGETYPE} is permanently ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' to prevent vandalism', alt = 'Permanently protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, usertalk = { description = 'For pages protected against disruptive edits by a' .. ' particular user', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent ${VANDAL} from using it to make disruptive edits,' .. ' such as abusing the' .. ' &#123;&#123;[[Template:unblock|unblock]]&#125;&#125; template.', explanation = 'If you cannot edit this user talk page and you need to' .. ' make a change or leave a message, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page' .. '|request an edit]],' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]],' .. ' [[Special:Userlogin|log in]],' .. ' or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} due to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then ret = ret .. "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ' end return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}' end, tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to vandalism', } }, move = { dispute = { description = 'For pages protected against page moves due to' .. ' disputes over the page title', explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', image = 'Padlock-olive.svg' }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism' .. ' |page-move vandalism]]' } }, autoreview = {}, upload = {} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- GENERAL DATA TABLES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa sharaxaada difaaca ee lagu heli karo -- parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONBLURB}. Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca iyo -- heerka difaaca, waxaana hubiya module-ka nidaamkan soo socda: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. protectionBlurbs = { edit = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Help:Protection|' .. 'protected]] from editing', autoconfirmed = 'Editing of this ${PAGETYPE} by [[Wikipedia:User access' .. ' levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered' .. ' users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Help:Protection|disabled]]', extendedconfirmed = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} as a result of' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] enforcement or meets the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|criteria for community use]]', }, move = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]]' .. ' from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]' }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]]' .. ' users are currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]', default = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by users who are not' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Reviewing|reviewers]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] are currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]' }, upload = { default = 'Uploading new versions of this ${PAGETYPE} is currently disabled' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Explanation blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa sharaxaada faahfaahsan ee lagu heli karo -- parameter-ka ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}. Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca, -- heerka difaaca, iyo in boggu yahay bog wadahadal iyo in kale. Haddii boggu -- yahay bog wadahadal wuxuu yeelan doonaa furaha wadahadalka ee "talk"; haddii -- kale wuxuu yeelan doonaa furaha "subject". Miiska waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga, furaha wadahadalka bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga, furaha wadahadalka caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah, furaha wadahadalka bogga -- 4. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah, furaha wadahadalka caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. explanationBlurbs = { edit = { autoconfirmed = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, discuss changes on the ${TALKPAGE},' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, extendedconfirmed = { default = 'Extended confirmed protection prevents edits from all IP editors' .. ' and registered users with fewer than 30 days tenure and 500 edits.' .. ' The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|policy on community use]]' .. ' specifies that extended confirmed protection can be applied to combat' .. ' disruption, given that semi-protection has proven to be ineffective.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask for unconversial changes supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]].' }, default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]]. You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request]] that this page be unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' You may [[Wikipedia:Requests for page' .. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|request an' .. ' edit]] to this page, or [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|ask]] for it to be unprotected.' } }, move = { default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the' .. ' ${TALKPAGE} or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves at' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.' } }, autoreview = { default = { reviewer = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} will not be visible to readers' .. ' until they are accepted by a reviewer or an administrator.' .. ' To avoid the need for your edits to be reviewed, you may' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]]. Experienced editors may also' .. ' request the [[Wikipedia:Reviewing|reviewer user right]].', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} by new and unregistered users' .. ' will not be visible to readers until they are accepted by' .. ' a reviewer. To avoid the need for your edits to be' .. ' reviewed, you may' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].' }, }, upload = { default = { default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but new versions of the file' .. ' cannot be uploaded until it is unprotected. You can' .. ' request that a new version be uploaded by using a' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|protected edit request]], or you' .. ' can [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]]' .. ' that the file be unprotected.' } } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Heerarka difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa xogta parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}, kaasoo -- soo saara summad gaaban oo loogu talagalay heerarka difaaca ee kala duwan. -- Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca iyo heerka difaaca, waxaana lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. protectionLevels = { edit = { default = 'protected', templateeditor = 'template-protected', extendedconfirmed = 'extended-protected', autoconfirmed = 'semi-protected', }, move = { default = 'move-protected' }, autoreview = { }, upload = { default = 'upload-protected' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sawirrada (Images) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ku qorayaa sawirrada qufulka ee kala duwan ee ficil kasta -- oo difaac ah iyo heer kasta oo difaac ah. Waxaa la isticmaalaa haddii aan -- sawir la cayimin mid ka mid ah miisaska xogta banner-ka, iyo haddii uusan boggu -- buuxin shuruudaha isticmaalka sawirka ['image-filename-indef']. Waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah images = { edit = { default = 'Padlock.svg', templateeditor = 'Padlock-pink.svg', extendedconfirmed = 'Padlock-blue.svg', autoconfirmed = 'Padlock-silver.svg' }, move = { default = 'Padlock-olive.svg', }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Padlock-silver-light.svg', default = 'Padlock-orange.svg' }, upload = { default = 'Padlock-purple.svg' } }, -- Bogagga leh sabab lagu cayimay miiskan waxay tusi doonaan qufulka gaarka ah -- ee "indef", ee lagu qeexay fariinta 'image-filename-indef', haddii aan la dejin waqti dhicitaan ah. indefImageReasons = { template = true }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Xiriirinta sawirada (Image links) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa xogta parameter-ka ${IMAGELINK}, kaasoo hela -- xiriirinta sawirka ee calaamadaha qufulka yar iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca -- bogga iyo heerka difaaca. Waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. imageLinks = { edit = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#full', templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#template', extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended', autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#semi' }, move = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#move' }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pc1', reviewer = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pc2' }, upload = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#upload' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Magacyada tilmaamaha qufulka (Padlock indicator names) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa sifada "name" ee tag-ka kordhinta <indicator> -- ee lagu abuuro calaamadaha qufulka yar. Dhammaan tag-yada tilmaamaha ee bog ku -- jira waxaa lagu soo bandhigaa hab alifbeeti ah oo ku saleysan sifadan, iyo -- tag-yada tilmaamaha ee leh magacyo isku mid ah, tag-ka ugu dambeeya ee bogga -- ayaa guuleysta. Sifada waxaa loo doortaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo ficilka difaaca; -- furayaasha miiska waa inay noqdaan magaca ficilka difaaca ama xargaha "default". padlockIndicatorNames = { autoreview = 'pp-autoreview', default = 'pp-default' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaybaha difaaca (Protection categories) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Qaybaha difaaca waxaa lagu kaydiyaa miiska protectionCategories. -- Furayaasha miiskani waxay ka kooban yihiin xargaha soo socda: -- -- 1. taariikhda dhicitaanka -- 2. magaca bannaan (namespace) -- 3. sababta difaaca (tusaale ahaan "dispute" ama "vandalism") -- 4. heerka difaaca (tusaale ahaan "sysop" ama "autoconfirmed") -- 5. ficilka (tusaale ahaan "edit" ama "move") -- -- Marka uu module-ku ka raadiyo qayb ka mid ah miiska, marka hore wuxuu -- hubin doonaa in furaha uu jiro oo u dhigma dhammaan shanta parameter. -- Tusaale ahaan, bogga isticmaalaha ee si nidaam-nus ah looga difaacay -- falxumada laba toddobaad wuxuu yeelan lahaa furaha "temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit". -- Haddii aan la helin wax u dhigma, module-ku wuxuu beddelaa qaybta koowaad -- ee furaha una beddelaa "all" wuxuuna mar kale hubiyaa miiska. Wuxuu sii wadaa -- inuu hubiyo kombinaysonnada furaha ee sii noqonaya kuwo guud ilaa uu ka helo -- goobta, ama ilaa uu ka gaaro furaha "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- Module-ku wuxuu isticmaalaa matrix binary ah si uu u go'aamiyo amarka lagu raadinayo. -- Tan waxaa ugu fiican in lagu muujiyo miis. Miiskan, qiimayaasha "0" waxay -- matalaan "all", qiimayaasha "1" waxayna matalaan xogta asalka ah (tusaale ahaan -- "indef" ama "file" ama "vandalism"). -- -- Amarka, daqiiqadaha, iwm... -- Habkani wuxuu siinayaa ficilka mudnaanta ugu sarreysa, maadaama uu yahay -- kan ugu dambeeya ee isbeddelaya, taariikhda dhicitaankuna waxay leedahay mudnaanta -- ugu hooseysa, maadaama ay tahay mida ugu badan ee isbeddesha. -- Mudnaanta taariikhda dhicitaanka, heerka difaaca iyo ficilka waa kuwo -- go'an, laakiin mudnaanta sababta iyo magaca bannaan (namespace) waa la is-dhaafsiga -- karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo miiska cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority. --]] -- Haddii sababta loo gudbiyo template-ka ay ku qoran tahay miiskan, xogta magaca -- bannaan (namespace) waxay qaadan doontaa mudnaanta ka sarraysa xogta sababta -- ee miiska protectionCategories. reasonsWithNamespacePriority = { vandalism = true, }, -- Xargaha loo isticmaali karo furaha magaca bannaan (namespace) ee miiska protectionCategories -- nambarka magaca bannaan kasta. categoryNamespaceKeys = { [ 2] = 'user', [ 3] = 'user', [ 4] = 'project', [ 6] = 'file', [ 8] = 'mediawiki', [ 10] = 'template', [ 12] = 'project', [ 14] = 'category', [100] = 'portal', [828] = 'module', }, protectionCategories = { ['all|all|all|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia protected pages', ['all|all|office|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|reset|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|dmca|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|mainpage|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected main page files', ['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia pages under 30-500 editing restriction', ['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia pages under 30-500 editing restriction', ['all|template|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected templates', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages', ['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected categories', ['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected files', ['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected portals', ['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected templates', ['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', ['all|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia protected categories', ['all|file|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected files', ['all|project|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia protected user and user talk pages', ['all|module|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected modules', ['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected modules', ['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected modules', ['all|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals', ['all|project|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages (level 1)', ['all|all|all|reviewer|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages (level 2)', ['all|file|all|all|upload'] = 'Wikipedia upload-protected files', }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dejinta qaybta dhicitaanka (Expiry category config) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu habeeyaa dabeecadda qaybta dhicitaanka ee ficil kasta oo difaac ah. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo run (true), dejinta ficilkaas waxay mark iyo in weliba qaybin doontaa bogga haddii -- aan la dejin parameter-ka dhicitaanka. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo beenta (false), dejinta ficilkaas weligood ma qaybin doonto bogga. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo madhan (nil), module-ku wuxuu qaybin doonaa bogga haddii: -- 1) parameter-ka dhicitaanku aan la dejin, iyo -- 2) sabab la bixiyay, iyo -- 3) sababta la cayimay aysan ku jirin liiska madow ee miiska reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck. expiryCheckActions = { edit = nil, move = false, autoreview = true, upload = false }, reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = { blp = true, template = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Noocyada bogagga (Pagetypes) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa noocyada bogagga ee lagu heli karo parameter-ka ${PAGETYPE}. -- Furayaashu waa nambarada magaca bannaan (namespaces), ama xargaha "default" ee qiimaha caadiga ah. pagetypes = { [0] = 'article', [6] = 'file', [10] = 'template', [14] = 'category', [828] = 'module', default = 'page' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Xargaha calaamad u ah difaaca aan la cayimin wakhtigiisa (Strings marking indefinite protection) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ka kooban yahay qiimayaasha loo gudbiyo parameter-ka dhicitaanka -- ee la macnaha ah in bogga la difaacay si aan xad lahayn. indefStrings = { ['indef'] = true, ['indefinite'] = true, ['indefinitely'] = true, ['infinite'] = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kala-sarreynta kooxaha (Group hierarchy) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ku xirayaa koox kasta kooxahaas oo dhan ee leh -- oggolaanshaha wax-ka-beddelka bogga ee kooxdii asalka ahayd ka ballaaran. hierarchy = { sysop = {}, reviewer = {'sysop'}, filemover = {'sysop'}, templateeditor = {'sysop'}, extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'}, autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'}, user = {'autoconfirmed'}, ['*'] = {'user'} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Template-yada duubista (Wrappers) iyo doodahooda caadiga ah -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ka kooban yahay template-yada duubista ee loo isticmaalo module-ka, iyo -- doodahooda caadiga ah. Template-yada lagu cayimay miiskani waa inay ka kooban yihiin -- yeeritaanka soo socda, mana aha inay lahaadaan wax kale oo ku jira template-ka: -- -- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}} -- -- Haddii la rabo waxyaabo kale, waxaa lagu dari karaa inta u dhaxaysa -- tag-yada <noinclude>...</noinclude>. -- -- Markა isticmaalahu waco mid ka mid ah template-yadan duubista ah, waxay si toos ah u -- isticmaali doonaan doodaha caadiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaaleyaashu waxay -- beddeli karaan mid kasta oo ka mid ah doodaha. wrappers = { ['Template:Pp'] = {}, ['Template:Pp-30-500'] = {'ecp'}, ['Template:Pp-blp'] = {'blp'}, -- uma baahnanno Template:Pp-create ['Template:Pp-dispute'] = {'dispute'}, ['Template:Pp-main-page'] = {'mainpage'}, ['Template:Pp-move'] = {action = 'move'}, ['Template:Pp-move-dispute'] = {'dispute', action = 'move'}, -- uma baahnanno Template:Pp-move-indef ['Template:Pp-move-vandalism'] = {'vandalism', action = 'move'}, ['Template:Pp-office'] = {'office'}, ['Template:Pp-office-dmca'] = {'dmca'}, ['Template:Pp-pc1'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-pc2'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-reset'] = {'reset'}, ['Template:Pp-semi-indef'] = {small = true}, ['Template:Pp-sock'] = {'sock'}, ['Template:Pp-template'] = {'template', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-upload'] = {action = 'upload'}, ['Template:Pp-usertalk'] = {'usertalk'}, ['Template:Pp-vandalism'] = {'vandalism'}, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- FARIIMAHA (MESSAGES) -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- msg = { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Hordhaca sharaxaada iyo qaybta hordhaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay cayimayaan waxa ay soo saarayaan parameters-ka ${INTROBLURB} iyo -- ${INTROFRAGMENT}. Haddii difaacu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah waxay isticmaalaan -- intro-blurb-expiry ama intro-fragment-expiry, haku ahaadaan ama ha ahaadaan e -- waxay isticmaalaan intro-blurb-noexpiry ama intro-fragment-noexpiry. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.', ['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY},', ['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaada tilmaanta (Tooltip blurb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay cayimayaan waxa uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${TOOLTIPBLURB}. -- Haddii difaacu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah waxaa la isticmaalaa fariinta tooltip-blurb-expiry, -- haddii kalena waxaa la isticmaalaa fariinta tooltip-blurb-noexpiry. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.', ['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY},', ['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaada gaarka ah (Special explanation blurb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaad loogu talagalay bogagga aan la difaaci karin, tusaale ahaan bogagga -- ku jira magaca bannaan ee MediaWiki. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]].', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qiimayaasha bandhigga diiwaanka difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qiimayaasha bandhigga ee xiriirinta diiwaanka difaaca -- ama xiriirinta diiwaanka isbeddellada sugaya ee uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONLOG}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['protection-log-display'] = 'protection log', ['pc-log-display'] = 'pending changes log', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qiimayaasha bandhigga nooca hadda jira (Current version display values) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qiimayaasha bandhigga ee xiriirinta taariikhda bogga -- ama xiriirinta diiwaanka guuritaanka ee uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${CURRENTVERSION}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['current-version-move-display'] = 'current title', ['current-version-edit-display'] = 'current version', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Bogga wadahadalka (Talk page) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariintani waxay go'aan ka gaaraysaa qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirinta bogga wadahadalka -- ee lagu soo saaray parameter-ka ${TALKPAGE}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['talk-page-link-display'] = 'talk page', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Codsiyada wax-ka-beddelka (Edit requests) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariintani waxay go'aan ka gaaraysaa qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirinta codsiga wax-ka-beddelka -- ee lagu soo saaray parameter-ka ${EDITREQUEST}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['edit-request-display'] = 'submit an edit request', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaabka taariikhda dhicitaanka (Expiry date format) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tani waa qaabka taariikhda dhicitaanka sharaxaada. Waa inay ahaataa mid sax ah -- oo loo isticmaali karo parameter-ka koowaad ee shaqada farsameeyaha #time. ['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaybaha daba-galka (Tracking categories) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qaybaha daba-galka ee uu module-ku soo saaro. ['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates', ['tracking-category-template'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sawirrada (Images) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kuwani waa sawirro aan lagu qeexin ficilkooda difaaca iyo heerkooda difaaca. ['image-filename-indef'] = 'Padlock.svg', ['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhamaadka fariimaha -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhamaadka dejinta -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } g3e2ojxt1688p05j13kaq8tpwscpjex 306334 306333 2026-08-31T11:48:12Z Isma4l 41797 306334 Scribunto text/plain -- Kani waa module bixinaya xogta dejinta ee [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- BANNER DATA -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Xogta banner-ka waxay ka kooban tahay lix meelood (fields): -- * text - qoraalka ugu weyn ee difaaca ee ka muuqda xagga sare ee -- banner-rada difaaca. -- * explanation - qoraalka ka muuqda hoosta qoraalka difaaca ee ugu weyn, -- oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sharaxo tafaasiisha difaaca. -- * tooltip - qoraalka tilmaanta ee aad aragto marka aad jiirka dul saarto -- calaamadda qufulka yar. -- * link - bogga ay ku xiran tahay calaamadda qufulka yar. -- * alt - qoraalka beddelka ah (alt) ee calaamadda qufulka yar. Tan sidoo kale -- waxaa loo isticmaalaa qoraal tilmaameed ahaan banner-rada difaaca waaweyn. -- * image - sawirka qufulka ee lagu isticmaalo labada banner ee difaaca iyo -- calaamadaha qufulka yar labadaba. -- -- Module-ku wuxuu ka hubiyaa saddex miis (tables) oo kala duwan si uu u helo -- qiimaha goob kasta. Marka hore wuxuu hubiyaa miiska banners, debeddana -- wuxuu hubiyaa miiska defaultBanners, ugu dambayntana wuxuu hubiyaa miiska -- masterBanner, kaasoo haya xogta template-yada difaaca ee la isticmaalo -- haddii aan xog laga helin labadii miis ee hore. -- -- Qiimayaasha ku jira xogta banner-ka waxay qaadan karaan xajmiyaal (parameters). -- Kuwaas waxaa lagu cayimaaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (calaamadda -- doolarka oo ka horreysa magaca parameter-ka oo ku dhex jira qowsaska lulban). -- -- Parameters-ka la heli karo: -- -- ${CURRENTVERSION} - xiriir toos ah oo ku aaddan taariikhda bogga ama diiwaanka -- guuritaanka, oo wata fariinta bandhigga "current-version-edit-display" ama -- "current-version-move-display". -- -- ${EDITREQUEST} - xiriir lagu abuurayo codsi wax-ka-beddel ah oo loogu talagalay bogga hadda. -- -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} tusaale sharaxaad ah, tusaale ahaan "Fadlan kala hadal -- wixii isbeddel ah bogga wadahadalka; waxaad gudbin kartaa codsi aad kaga codsanaysato -- maamule inuu sameeyo wax-ka-beddel haddii uu yahay mid yar ama ay taageerto is-afgarad." -- -- ${IMAGELINK} - xiriir lagu dejiyo sawirka, iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca -- iyo heerka difaaca. -- -- ${INTROBLURB} - parameter-ka PROTECTIONBLURB, oo lagu daray waqtiga dhicitaanka -- haddii la cayimay. Tusaale ahaan "Wax-ka-beddelka boggan ee isticmaaleyaasha cusub -- ama aan diiwaan gashanayn waa la joojiyay ilaa dd Month YYYY." -- -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - la mid ah ${INTROBLURB}, laakiin iyada oo aan lahayn -- joojinta ugu dambeysa si loogu isticmaali karo weedho socda. -- -- ${PAGETYPE} - nooca bogga, tusaale ahaan "qoraal" ama "template". -- Lagu qeexay miiska cfg.pagetypes. -- -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - sharaxaad ku saabsan heerka difaaca bogga, tusaale ahaan -- "Wax-ka-beddelka boggan ee isticmaaleyaasha cusub ama aan diiwaan gashanayn waa la joojiyay" -- -- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - taariikhda difaaca, haddii loo dhiibay template-ka. -- -- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - heerka difaaca, tusaale ahaan "si buuxda loo difaacay" ama -- "difaac-nus ah". -- -- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - xiriir ku aaddan diiwaanka difaaca ama diiwaanka isbeddellada -- sugaya, iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca. -- -- ${TALKPAGE} - xiriir ku aaddan bogga wadahadalka. Haddii qayb la cayimiyo, -- waxay si toos ah ugu xiraysaa qaybtaas bogga wadahadalka. -- -- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - waxay isticmaashaa parameters-ka PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE iyo -- EXPIRY si ay u abuurto sharaxaad sida "Template-kan waa mid la difaacay nus-ahaan", -- ama "Qoraalkan waa mid laga ilaaliyay in la guuro ilaa DD Month YYYY". -- -- ${VANDAL} - xiriirro loogu talagalay magaca isticmaalaha ee la cayimay (ama magaca -- bogga xididka) iyadoo la isticmaalayo Module:Vandal-m. -- -- Shaqooyinka (Functions) -- -- Isticmaaleyaasha horumarsan, waxaa suurtagal ah in la isticmaalo shaqooyinka Lua -- halkii laga isticmaali lahaa xargaha (strings) ee miisaska dejinta banner-ka. -- Isticmaalka shaqooyinka wuxuu bixiyaa dabacsanaan aan suurtagal ahayn oo keliya -- la isticmaalo parameters-ka. Shaqooyinku waxay qaataan laba doodood (arguments), -- shayga difaaca iyo doodaha template-ka, waana inay soo saaraan xargo (string). -- -- Tusaale ahaan: -- -- text = function (protectionObj, args) -- if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then -- return 'foo' -- else -- return 'bar' -- end -- end -- -- Qaybo ka mid ah sifooyinka iyo hababka shayga difaaca ee waxtarka yeelan kara: -- protectionObj.action - ficilka difaaca -- protectionObj.level - heerka difaaca -- protectionObj.reason - sababta difaaca -- protectionObj.expiry - waqtiga dhicitaanka. Madhan (Nil) haddii aan la dejin, -- xargaha "indef" haddii loo dejiyo mid aan xad lahayn, iyo wakhtiga difaaca -- ee waqtiga unix haddii uu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah. -- protectionObj.protectionDate - taariikhda difaaca ee waqtiga unix, ama madhan haddii aan la cayimin. -- protectionObj.bannerConfig - dejinta banner-ka ee uu helay module-ka. Ka digtoonow -- in aad wax ka beddesho goobta dejinta ee ay isticmaasho shaqadu, maadaama -- ay abuuri karto wareeg aan dhammaad lahayn. -- protectionObj:isProtected - waxay soo celisaa run ama beenta (boolean) muujineysa in boggu difaacanyahay. -- protectionObj:isTemporary - waxay soo celisaa run ama beent ah in wakhtiga dhicitaanku yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah. -- protectionObj:isIncorrect - waxay soo celisaa run ama beent ah in template-ka difaacu khaldanyahay. --]] -- Xogta banner-ka weyn, waxaa la isticmaalaa haddii aan wax qiimo ah laga helin banners ama defaultBanners. masterBanner = { text = '${INTROBLURB}', explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}', link = '${IMAGELINK}', alt = 'Bogga ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' }, -- Xogta banner-ka caadiga ah. Tani waxay haysaa xogta banner-ka ee heerarka -- difaaca ee kala duwan. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. defaultBanners = { edit = {}, move = {}, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = { alt = 'Bogga waxaa lagu difaacay isbeddellada sugaya heerka 1', tooltip = 'Dhammaan isbeddellada ay sameeyaan isticmaaleyaasha cusub ama aan diiwaan gashanayn waxay ku xiran yihiin dib-u-angaan', image = 'Padlock-silver-light.svg' }, default = { alt = 'Bogga waxaa lagu difaacay isbeddellada sugaya heerka 2', tooltip = 'Dhammaan isbeddellada ay sameeyaan isticmaaleyaasha aan ahayn dib-u-eegayaal ama maamulayaal waxay ku xiran yihiin dib-u-angaan', image = 'Padlock-orange.svg' } }, upload = {} }, -- Xogta banner-ka. Tani waxay haysaa xogta banner-ka ee sababaha difaaca ee kala duwan. -- Xaqiiqdii, sababaha lagu cayimay miisaskan waxay xakameynayaan sababaha saxda ah -- ee loo gudbiyo parameter-ka booska koowaad. -- -- Waxaa sidoo kale jira goob "description" oo aan caadi ahayn taasoo loo isticmaali karo -- walxaha ku jira miiskan. Tani waa sharaxaad ku saabsan sababta difaaca ee loogu -- talagalay in lagu isticmaalo dukumentiyada module-ka. -- -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. banners = { edit = { blp = { description = 'Bogagga la difaacay si loo dhiirrigeliyo u hoggaansanaanta' .. ' xeerka [[Wikipedia:Taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool' .. '|taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} si loo dhiirrigeliyo u hoggaansanaanta' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool' .. "|xeerka Wikipedia ee ku saabsan taariikh-nololeedka" .. ' dadka nool]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} si loo dhiirrigeliyo u hoggaansanaanta xeerka taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool', }, dmca = { description = 'Bogagga ay difaacday Mu asasada Wikimedia' .. ' sababo lid ku ah codsiyada ka-saarista [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]]', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'Dabadeed ogaysiis la xiriira xuquuqda milkiilaha ee hoos timaada Digital' .. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) oo ku saabsan karmo ku dhex jirta' .. ' maqaalkan, Mu asasada Wikimedia waxay u dhaqantay hoos timaada' .. ' sharciga khuseeya waxayna ka saartay iyadoo xadidtay karmoska' .. ' laga hadlayo.' if args.notice then ret = ret .. ' Nuqul ka mid ah ogaysiiska la helay waxaa laga heli karaa halkan: ' .. args.notice .. '.' end ret = ret .. ' Faahfaahin dheeraad ah, oo ay ku jiraan shabakado ka rogeynaya' .. ' sida loo gudbiyo ogaysiis ka dhan ah, fadlan eeg' .. " [[Wikipedia:Ficillada xafiiska]] iyo bogga ${TALKPAGE} ee maqaalka." .. "'''Ha ka saarin template-kan maqaalka ilaa laga ka kaxeeyo" .. " xadidaadaha'''." return ret end, image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, dispute = { description = 'Bogagga la difaacay sababo la xiriira murannada wax-ka-beddelka', text = function (protectionObj, args) -- Hel qiimaha "disputes". local display = 'murannada' local disputes if args.section then disputes = string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, protectionObj.title.text, args.section, display ) else disputes = display end -- Samee sharaxaada, iyadoo ku xiran wakhtiga dhicitaanka. local msg if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} ama ilaa wax-ka-beddelka %s la xalliyo.' else msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} ilaa wax-ka-beddelka %s la xalliyo.' end return string.format(msg, disputes) end, explanation = "Difaacan '''ma ahan''' mid taageeraya" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} sababo la xiriira murannada wax-ka-beddelka', }, ecp = { description = 'Maqaallada ku jira meelaha mowduucyada ee uu ansixiyay' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Guddiga Garsoorka|ArbCom]] ama' .. ' buuxiya shuruudaha isticmaalka samatabbixinta', tooltip = '${PAGETYPE}kan waa mid ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' hoos timaada xadidaadaha wax-ka-beddelka ee la kordhiyay', alt = 'Kordhinta-difaaca ${PAGETYPE}', }, mainpage = { description = 'Bogagga la difaacay sababtoo ah waxaa lagu soo bandhigay [[Bogga Hore]]', text = 'Faylkan hadda waa mid' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Boggan waa la difaacay|la difaacay]] in wax ka beddel' .. ' lagu sameeyo sababtoo ah hadda ama dhowaan waxaa lagu soo bandhigi doonaa' .. ' [[Bogga Hore]].', explanation = 'Sawirrada ku jira Bogga Hore waa kuwo la difaacay sababo la xiriira muuqashadooda' .. ' sare. Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah ee lagama maarmaan ah bogga ${TALKPAGE}.' .. '<br /><span style="font-size:90%;">' .. "'''Maamulayaasha:''' Marka sawirkani si dhab ah uga kaxeeyo Bogga Hore," .. ' fadlan ka saara difaaca faylkan, ama u dhiga difaac-nus,' .. ' sida ku habboon.</span>', }, office = { description = 'Bogagga ay difaacday Mu asasada Wikimedia', text = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '${PAGETYPE}kan hadda wuxuu ku jiraa' .. ' hoos timaada kormeerka' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Ficillada xafiiska|Xafiiska Mu asasada Wikimedia]]' .. ' waana mid la difaacay.' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. ' Waxaa la difaacay tan iyo ${PROTECTIONDATE}.' end return ret end, explanation = "Haddii aad wax ka beddeli karto boggan, fadlan kala hadal dhammaan isbeddellada iyo" .. " ku-dhadhacyaasha bogga ${TALKPAGE} marka hore. '''Ha ka saarin difaaca boggan" .. " ilaa aad ka tahay mid loo meel dhigay iyada oo uu ka kooban yahay Mu'asasada Wikimedia" .. " oo kaliya.'''", image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, reset = { description = 'Bogagga ay difaacday Mu asasada Wikimedia oo lagu' .. ' "wada-dib-u-dejiyay" nuqul aasaasi ah', text = '${PAGETYPE}kan hadda wuxuu ku jiraa' .. ' hoos timaada kormeerka' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Ficillada xafiiska|Xafiiska Mu asasada Wikimedia]]' .. ' waana mid la difaacay.', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. 'Markay ahayd ${PROTECTIONDATE} ${PAGETYPE}kan waxaa' else ret = ret .. '${PAGETYPE}kan waxaa' end ret = ret .. ' lagu soo koobay nuqul' .. ' rahman, "aasaasi ah" si toos ah loogu dib-u-qori karo' .. ' si loo varmeyo inuu buuxiyo xeerarka' .. ' [[WP:NPOV|Dhex dhexaadnimada Ra yiga]] iyo [[WP:V|Kula-soo-beegga]].' .. ' Xeerarka caadiga ah ee Wikipedia waxay khuseeyaan dib-u-qoriddiisa—kaas oo' .. ' ugu dambayntii u furan doona dhammaan tifaftirayaasha—waana la adkayn doonaa' .. ' si adag. ${PAGETYPE}kan wuxuu ahaa mid ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} inta' .. ' lagu jiro dib-u-dhiskiisa.\n\n' .. 'Wixii ku-dhadhac ah oo toos uga yimid' .. ' nuqulladii ka horreeyay difaaca ee ${PAGETYPE}kan waa la ka kaxayn doonaa, sida' .. ' mid kasta oo ku-dhadhac ah oo loo soo kordhiyay ${PAGETYPE}kan oo aan lahayn' .. ' raad-raac sax ah. Bogga(bogagga) wadahadalka ee la xiriira sidoo kale waa la tirtiray' .. " isla taariikhdaas.\n\n" .. "Haddii aad wax ka beddeli karto boggan, fadlan kala hadal dhammaan isbeddellada iyo" .. " ku-dhadhacyaasha bogga ${TALKPAGE} marka hore. '''Ha ka hor-imannin" .. " ficilkan, hana ka saarin difaaca boggan," .. " ilaa aad ka tahay mid loo meel dhigay iyada oo uu ka kooban yahay Mu'asasada Wikimedia" .. " oo kaliya. Ma jiro tifaftire ka saari kara ogaysiiskan.'''" return ret end, image = 'Padlock-black.svg', }, sock = { description = 'Bogagga la difaacay sababo la xiriira' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Akoon-gacmeed|akoon-gacmeed]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} si looga hortago [[Wikipedia:Akoon-gacmeed|akoon-gacmeedyada]]' .. ' isticmaaleyaasha [[Wikipedia:Xanibaad|la xanibay]] ama' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Mamnuucid|la mamnuucay]]' .. ' inuu wax ka beddel ku sameeyo.', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} si looga hortago akoon-gacmeedyada isticmaaleyaasha la xanibay ama la mamnuucay inuu wax ka beddel ku sameeyo', }, template = { description = 'Template-yada iyo Module-nada Lua ee [[Wikipedia:Template-yada halista sare leh|halista sare leh]]', text = 'Kani waa ${PAGETYPE} si buuxda u [[Help:Difaaca|difaacan]],' .. ' maadaama uu yahay mid [[Wikipedia:Template-yada halista sare leh|halis sare leh]].', explanation = 'Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah bogga ${TALKPAGE}; waxaad' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} kaga codsan kartaa' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Maamulayaasha|maamule]] ama' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Tifaftiraha template-ka|tifaftiraha template-ka]] inuu sameeyo wax-ka-beddel haddii' .. ' uu yahay mid [[Help:Isbeddel yar#Marka loo meel dhigo isbeddel yar ahaan|aan lagu muransanayn]] ama ay taageerto' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Is-afgarad|is-afgarad]]. Sidoo kale waxaad' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga|gudbin kartaa codsi]] oo ah in bogga' .. ' laga saaro difaaca.', tooltip = '${PAGETYPE}kan halista sare leh waa mid si buuxda u ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' si looga hortago kharibaadda', alt = 'Si buuxda loo difaacay ${PAGETYPE}', }, usertalk = { description = 'Bogagga ka ilaalinta isbeddellada kharibaadda ah ee uu sameeyo' .. ' isticmaale gaar ah', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} si looga hortago in ${VANDAL} uu u isticmaalo sameynta isbeddello kharibaad ah,' .. ' sida lalamidka ah lalamidinta' .. ' &#123;&#123;[[Template:ka-saar-xanibaadda|ka-saar-xanibaadda]]&#125;&#125; template-ka.', explanation = 'Haddii aad wax ka beddeli karin boggan wadahadalka isticmaalaha oo aad rabto inaad' .. ' make a change ama aad ka tagto fariin, waxaad awoodaa inaad' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga' .. '#Codsiyada hadda ee wax-ka-beddelka bogga la difaacay' .. '|gudbiso codsi wax-ka-beddel]],' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga' .. '#Codsiyada hadda ee ka-saarista heerka difaaca' .. '|codsato ka-saarista difaaca]],' .. ' [[Special:Userlogin|soo gasho]],' .. ' ama [[Special:UserLogin/signup|samaysato akoon]].', }, vandalism = { description = 'Bogagga ka ilaalinta' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Kharibaad|kharibaadda]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} sababo la xiriira [[Wikipedia:Kharibaad|kharibaadda]].', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then ret = ret .. "Difaacan '''ma ahan''' mid taageeraya" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ' end return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}' end, tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} sababo la xiriira kharibaadda', } }, move = { dispute = { description = 'Bogagga ka ilaalinta guuritaanka bogga sababo la xiriira' .. ' murannada ku saabsan cinwaanka bogga', explanation = "Difaacan '''ma ahan''' mid taageeraya" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', image = 'Padlock-olive.svg' }, vandalism = { description = 'Bogagga ka ilaalinta' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Kharibaad#Kharibaadda guuritaanka bogga' .. ' |kharibaadda guuritaanka bogga]]' } }, autoreview = {}, upload = {} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- GENERAL DATA TABLES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa sharaxaada difaaca ee lagu heli karo -- parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONBLURB}. Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca iyo -- heerka difaaca, waxaana hubiya module-ka nidaamkan soo socda: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. protectionBlurbs = { edit = { default = '${PAGETYPE}kan hadda waa mid [[Help:Difaaca|' .. 'la difaacay]] in wax ka beddel lagu sameeyo', autoconfirmed = 'Wax-ka-beddelka ${PAGETYPE}kan ee isticmaaleyaasha [[Wikipedia:Heerarka helitaanka' .. ' isticmaalaha#Isticmaaleyaasha cusub|cusub]] ama [[Wikipedia:Heerarka helitaanka' .. ' isticmaalaha#Aan diiwaan gashanayn|aan diiwaan gashanayn]] hadda waa mid [[Help:Difaaca|la joojiyay]]', extendedconfirmed = '${PAGETYPE}kan waa mid ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} sababtoo ah' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Guddiga Garsoorka|ArbCom]] ama buuxinta' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#extended|shuruudaha isticmaalka samatabbixinta]]', }, move = { default = '${PAGETYPE}kan hadda waa mid [[Help:Difaaca|la difaacay]]' .. ' in [[Help:Guuritaanka bogga|bogga la guuriyo]]' }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Dhammaan isbeddellada lagu sameeyo ${PAGETYPE}kan ee' .. ' isticmaaleyaasha [[Wikipedia:Heerarka helitaanka isticmaalaha#Isticmaaleyaasha cusub|cusub]] ama' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Heerarka helitaanka isticmaalaha#Aan diiwaan gashanayn|aan diiwaan gashanayn]] hadda waxay' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Isbeddellada sugaya|ku xiran yihiin dib-u-eegis]]', default = 'Dhammaan isbeddellada lagu sameeyo ${PAGETYPE}kan ee isticmaaleyaasha aan ahayn' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Dib-u-eegayaal|dib-u-eegayaal]] ama' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Maamulayaasha|maamulayaal]] hadda waxay' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Isbeddellada sugaya|ku xiran yihiin dib-u-eegis]]' }, upload = { default = 'Soo-shubista nuqullada cusub ee ${PAGETYPE}kan hadda waa la joojiyay' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Explanation blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa sharaxaada faahfaahsan ee lagu heli karo -- parameter-ka ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}. Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca, -- heerka difaaca, iyo in boggu yahay bog wadahadal iyo in kale. Haddii boggu -- yahay bog wadahadal wuxuu yeelan doonaa furaha wadahadalka ee "talk"; haddii -- kale wuxuu yeelan doonaa furaha "subject". Miiska waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga, furaha wadahadalka bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga, furaha wadahadalka caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah, furaha wadahadalka bogga -- 4. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah, furaha wadahadalka caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. explanationBlurbs = { edit = { autoconfirmed = { subject = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah. Haddii aad' .. ' wax ka beddeli karin ${PAGETYPE}kan oo aad rabto inaad wax ka beddesho, waxaad awoodaa inaad' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, kala hadasho isbeddellada bogga ${TALKPAGE},' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga' .. '#Codsiyada hadda ee ka-saarista heerka difaaca' .. '|codsato ka-saarista difaaca]], [[Special:Userlogin|soo gasho]], ama' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|samaysato akoon]].', default = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah. Haddii aad' .. ' wax ka beddeli karin ${PAGETYPE}kan oo aad rabto inaad wax ka beddesho, waxaad awoodaa inaad' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga' .. '#Codsiyada hadda ee ka-saarista heerka difaaca' .. '|codsato ka-saarista difaaca]], [[Special:Userlogin|soo gasho]], ama' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|samaysato akoon]].', }, extendedconfirmed = { default = 'Kordhinta difaaca la xaqijiyay wuxuu ka hortagaa isbeddellada dhamaan tifaftirayaasha IP-ga' .. ' iyo isticmaaleyaasha diiwaan gashan ee leh ka yar 30 maalmood iyo 500 oo isbeddel.' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#extended|Xeerka isticmaalka samatabbixinta]]' .. ' wuxuu cayimayaa in kordhinta difaaca la xaqijiyay loo isticmaali karo ka-hortagga' .. ' kharibaadda, maadaama difaac-nuska uu u muuqday mid aan waxtar lahayn.' .. ' Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah bogga ${TALKPAGE}; waxaad awoodaa inaad' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} si aad u codsato isbeddello aan lagu muransanayn oo ay taageerto' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Is-afgarad|is-afgarad]].' }, default = { subject = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.' .. ' Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah bogga ${TALKPAGE}; waxaad' .. ' awoodaa inaad ${EDITREQUEST} kaga codsato' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Maamulayaasha|maamule]] inuu sameeyo wax-ka-beddel haddii uu' .. ' yahay mid [[Help:Isbeddel yar#Marka loo meel dhigo isbeddel yar ahaan' .. '|aan lagu muransanayn]] ama ay taageerto [[Wikipedia:Is-afgarad' .. '|is-afgarad]]. Sidoo kale waxaad [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada' .. ' difaaca bogga#Codsiyada hadda ee ka-saarista heerka difaaca' .. '|codsan kartaa]] in boggan laga saaro difaaca.', default = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.' .. ' Waxaad [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca' .. ' bogga#Codsiyada hadda ee wax-ka-beddelka bogga la difaacay|gudbin kartaa codsi' .. ' wax-ka-beddel ah]] oo ku aaddan boggan, ama [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada' .. ' difaaca bogga#Codsiyada hadda ee ka-saarista heerka difaaca' .. '|codsan kartaa]] in laga saaro difaaca.' } }, move = { default = { subject = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.' .. ' Bogga wali waa la wax ka beddeli karaa laakiin ma lahan suurtogalnimada in la guuriyo' .. ' ilaa laga saaro difaaca. Fadlan kala hadal wixii guuritaanka la aroosiyay bogga' .. ' ${TALKPAGE} ama [[Wikipedia:Guuritaanka la codsaday]]. Sidoo kale waxaad' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga|gudbin kartaa codsi]] in bogga' .. ' laga saaro difaaca.', default = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.' .. ' Bogga wali waa la wax ka beddeli karaa laakiin ma lahan suurtogalnimada in la guuriyo' .. ' ilaa laga saaro difaaca. Fadlan kala hadal wixii guuritaanka la aroosiyay bogga' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Guuritaanka la codsaday]]. Sidoo kale waxaad' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga|gudbin kartaa codsi]] in bogga' .. ' laga saaro difaaca.' } }, autoreview = { default = { reviewer = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.' .. ' Isbeddellada lagu sameeyo ${PAGETYPE}kan u ma muuqan doonaan akhristayaasha' .. ' ilaa ay ka accepts-gureeyaan dib-u-eegayaal ama maamule.' .. ' Si aad uga fogaato baahida loo qabo in isbeddelladaada dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyo, waxaad awoodaa inaad' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga' .. '#Codsiyada hadda ee ka-saarista heerka difaaca' .. '|codsato ka-saarista difaaca]]. Tifaftirayaasha khibradda leh waxay sidoo kale' .. ' codsan karaan [[Wikipedia:Dib-u-eegis|xuquuqda isticmaalaha dib-u-eegaha]].', default = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.' .. ' Isbeddellada lagu sameeyo ${PAGETYPE}kan ee isticmaaleyaasha cusub iyo kuwa aan diiwaan gashanayn' .. ' u ma muuqan doonaan akhristayaasha ilaa ay ka accepts-gureeyaan' .. ' dib-u-eegayaal. Si aad uga fogaato baahida loo qabo in isbeddelladaada dib-u-eegis' .. ' lagu sameeyo, waxaad awoodaa inaad' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga' .. '#Codsiyada hadda ee ka-saarista heerka difaaca' .. '|codsato ka-saarista difaaca]], [[Special:Userlogin|soo gasho]], ama' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|samaysato akoon]].' }, }, upload = { default = { default = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.' .. ' Bogga wali waa la wax ka beddeli karaa laakiin nuqullo cusub oo faylka ah' .. ' ma soo shubi karo ilaa laga saaro difaaca. Waxaad' .. ' codsan kartaa in nuqul cusub lagu soo shubo iyadoo la isticmaalayo' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada wax-ka-beddelka|codsiga wax-ka-beddelka bogga la difaacay]], ama waxaad' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Codsiyada difaaca bogga|gudbin kartaa codsi]]' .. ' ah in faylka laga saaro difaaca.' } } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Heerarka difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa xogta parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}, kaasoo -- soo saara summad gaaban oo loogu talagalay heerarka difaaca ee kala duwan. -- Waxaa loo kala saaray ficilka difaaca iyo heerka difaaca, waxaana lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. protectionLevels = { edit = { default = 'la difaacay', templateeditor = 'template-la-difaacay', extendedconfirmed = 'kordhin-la-difaacay', autoconfirmed = 'difaac-nus ah', }, move = { default = 'guuritaan-la-difaacay' }, autoreview = { }, upload = { default = 'soo-shubis-la-difaacay' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sawirrada (Images) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ku qorayaa sawirrada qufulka ee kala duwan ee ficil kasta -- oo difaac ah iyo heer kasta oo difaac ah. Waxaa la isticmaalaa haddii aan -- sawir la cayimin mid ka mid ah miisaska xogta banner-ka, iyo haddii uusan boggu -- buuxin shuruudaha isticmaalka sawirka ['image-filename-indef']. Waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah images = { edit = { default = 'Padlock.svg', templateeditor = 'Padlock-pink.svg', extendedconfirmed = 'Padlock-blue.svg', autoconfirmed = 'Padlock-silver.svg' }, move = { default = 'Padlock-olive.svg', }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Padlock-silver-light.svg', default = 'Padlock-orange.svg' }, upload = { default = 'Padlock-purple.svg' } }, -- Bogagga leh sabab lagu cayimay miiskan waxay tusi doonaan qufulka gaarka ah -- ee "indef", ee lagu qeexay fariinta 'image-filename-indef', haddii aan la dejin waqti dhicitaan ah. indefImageReasons = { template = true }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Xiriirinta sawirada (Image links) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa xogta parameter-ka ${IMAGELINK}, kaasoo hela -- xiriirinta sawirka ee calaamadaha qufulka yar iyadoo ku xiran ficilka difaaca -- bogga iyo heerka difaaca. Waxaa lagu hubiyaa nidaamkan: -- 1. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca bogga -- 2. ficilka difaaca bogga, heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- 3. ficilka difaaca "edit", heerka difaaca caadiga ah -- -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka ee miiskan dhexdiisa. -- *required* - miiskani wuxuu u baahan yahay qaybo-hoosaadyada edit, move, autoreview iyo upload. imageLinks = { edit = { default = 'Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#buuxa', templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#template', extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#extended', autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#semi' }, move = { default = 'Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#move' }, autoreview = { autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#pc1', reviewer = 'Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#pc2' }, upload = { default = 'Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca#upload' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Magacyada tilmaamaha qufulka (Padlock indicator names) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu bixiyaa sifada "name" ee tag-ka kordhinta <indicator> -- ee lagu abuuro calaamadaha qufulka yar. Dhammaan tag-yada tilmaamaha ee bog ku -- jira waxaa lagu soo bandhigaa hab alifbeeti ah oo ku saleysan sifadan, iyo -- tag-yada tilmaamaha ee leh magacyo isku mid ah, tag-ka ugu dambeeya ee bogga -- ayaa guuleysta. Sifada waxaa loo doortaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo ficilka difaaca; -- furayaasha miiska waa inay noqdaan magaca ficilka difaaca ama xargaha "default". padlockIndicatorNames = { autoreview = 'pp-autoreview', default = 'pp-default' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaybaha difaaca (Protection categories) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Qaybaha difaaca waxaa lagu kaydiyaa miiska protectionCategories. -- Furayaasha miiskani waxay ka kooban yihiin xargaha soo socda: -- -- 1. taariikhda dhicitaanka -- 2. magaca bannaan (namespace) -- 3. sababta difaaca (tusaale ahaan "dispute" ama "vandalism") -- 4. heerka difaaca (tusaale ahaan "sysop" ama "autoconfirmed") -- 5. ficilka (tusaale ahaan "edit" ama "move") -- -- Marka uu module-ku ka raadiyo qayb ka mid ah miiska, marka hore wuxuu -- hubin doonaa in furaha uu jiro oo u dhigma dhammaan shanta parameter. -- Tusaale ahaan, bogga isticmaalaha ee si nidaam-nus ah looga difaacay -- falxumada laba toddobaad wuxuu yeelan lahaa furaha "temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit". -- Haddii aan la helin wax u dhigma, module-ku wuxuu beddelaa qaybta koowaad -- ee furaha una beddelaa "all" wuxuuna mar kale hubiyaa miiska. Wuxuu sii wadaa -- inuu hubiyo kombinaysonnada furaha ee sii noqonaya kuwo guud ilaa uu ka helo -- goobta, ama ilaa uu ka gaaro furaha "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- Module-ku wuxuu isticmaalaa matrix binary ah si uu u go'aamiyo amarka lagu raadinayo. -- Tan waxaa ugu fiican in lagu muujiyo miis. Miiskan, qiimayaasha "0" waxay -- matalaan "all", qiimayaasha "1" waxayna matalaan xogta asalka ah (tusaale ahaan -- "indef" ama "file" ama "vandalism"). -- -- Amarka, daqiiqadaha, iwm... -- Habkani wuxuu siinayaa ficilka mudnaanta ugu sarreysa, maadaama uu yahay -- kan ugu dambeeya ee isbeddelaya, taariikhda dhicitaankuna waxay leedahay mudnaanta -- ugu hooseysa, maadaama ay tahay mida ugu badan ee isbeddesha. -- Mudnaanta taariikhda dhicitaanka, heerka difaaca iyo ficilka waa kuwo -- go'an, laakiin mudnaanta sababta iyo magaca bannaan (namespace) waa la is-dhaafsiga -- karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo miiska cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority. --]] -- Haddii sababta loo gudbiyo template-ka ay ku qoran tahay miiskan, xogta magaca -- bannaan (namespace) waxay qaadan doontaa mudnaanta ka sarraysa xogta sababta -- ee miiska protectionCategories. reasonsWithNamespacePriority = { vandalism = true, }, -- Xargaha loo isticmaali karo furaha magaca bannaan (namespace) ee miiska protectionCategories -- nambarka magaca bannaan kasta. categoryNamespaceKeys = { [ 2] = 'user', [ 3] = 'user', [ 4] = 'project', [ 6] = 'file', [ 8] = 'mediawiki', [ 10] = 'template', [ 12] = 'project', [ 14] = 'category', [100] = 'portal', [828] = 'module', }, protectionCategories = { ['all|all|all|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga la difaacay', ['all|all|office|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga uu Xafiisku difaacay', ['all|all|reset|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga uu Xafiisku difaacay', ['all|all|dmca|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga uu Xafiisku difaacay', ['all|all|mainpage|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia faylasha bogga hore ee si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga hoos timaada xadidaadda 30-500', ['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga hoos timaada xadidaadda 30-500', ['all|template|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-yada si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga difaac-nuska ah', ['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga difaac-nuska ah ee aan xadkiisa la cayimin', ['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool ee difaac-nuska ah ee aan xadkiisa la cayimin', ['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool ee difaac-nuska ku-meel-gaarka ah', ['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga difaac-nuska ah sababo la xiriira muran', ['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga difaac-nuska ah ee ka ilaalinta isticmaaleyaasha la mamnuucay', ['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga difaac-nuska ah ee ka ilaalinta kharibaadda', ['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia qaybaha difaac-nuska ah', ['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia faylasha difaac-nuska ah', ['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia portal-lada difaac-nuska ah', ['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga mashruuca ee difaac-nuska ah', ['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga wadahadalka ee difaac-nuska ah', ['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-yada difaac-nuska ah', ['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia isticmaalaha iyo bogagga wadahadalka isticmaalaha ee difaac-nuska ah', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-yada la difaacay', ['all|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool ee si buuxda loo difaacay', ['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia taariikh-nololeedka dadka nool ee ku-meel-gaarka ah', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga la difaacay sababo la xiriira muran', ['all|all|sock|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga la difaacay ee ka ilaalinta isticmaaleyaasha la mamnuucay', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga la difaacay ee ka ilaalinta kharibaadda', ['all|category|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia qaybaha la difaacay', ['all|file|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia faylasha si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|project|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga mashruuca ee si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|talk|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga wadahadalka ee si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|template|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-yada si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|user|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia isticmaalaha iyo bogagga wadahadalka isticmaalaha ee la difaacay', ['all|module|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia module-nada si buuxda loo difaacay', ['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia module-nada template-ka ee la difaacay', ['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia module-nada difaac-nuska ah', ['all|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga ka ilaalinta guuritaanka', ['indef|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga ka ilaalinta guuritaanka ee aan xadkiisa la cayimin', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga ka ilaalinta guuritaanka sababo la xiriira muran', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga ka ilaalinta guuritaanka sababo la xiriira kharibaad', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia portal-lada ka ilaalinta guuritaanka', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia portal-lada ka ilaalinta guuritaanka', ['all|project|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga mashruuca ee ka ilaalinta guuritaanka', ['all|talk|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga wadahadalka ee ka ilaalinta guuritaanka', ['all|template|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia template-yada ka ilaalinta guuritaanka', ['all|user|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia isticmaalaha iyo bogagga wadahadalka isticmaalaha ee ka ilaalinta guuritaanka', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga la difaacay ee isbeddellada sugaya (heerka 1)', ['all|all|all|reviewer|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga la difaacay ee isbeddellada sugaya (heerka 2)', ['all|file|all|all|upload'] = 'Wikipedia faylasha ka ilaalinta soo-shubista', }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dejinta qaybta dhicitaanka (Expiry category config) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu habeeyaa dabeecadda qaybta dhicitaanka ee ficil kasta oo difaac ah. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo run (true), dejinta ficilkaas waxay mark iyo in weliba qaybin doontaa bogga haddii -- aan la dejin parameter-ka dhicitaanka. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo beenta (false), dejinta ficilkaas weligood ma qaybin doonto bogga. -- * Haddii loo dejiyo madhan (nil), module-ku wuxuu qaybin doonaa bogga haddii: -- 1) parameter-ka dhicitaanku aan la dejin, iyo -- 2) sabab la bixiyay, iyo -- 3) sababta la cayimay aysan ku jirin liiska madow ee miiska reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck. expiryCheckActions = { edit = nil, move = false, autoreview = true, upload = false }, reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = { blp = true, template = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Noocyada bogagga (Pagetypes) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu soo saaraa noocyada bogagga ee lagu heli karo parameter-ka ${PAGETYPE}. -- Furayaashu waa nambarada magaca bannaan (namespaces), ama xargaha "default" ee qiimaha caadiga ah. pagetypes = { [0] = 'maqaal', [6] = 'fayl', [10] = 'template', [14] = 'qayb', [828] = 'module', default = 'bog' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Xargaha calaamad u ah difaaca aan la cayimin wakhtigiisa (Strings marking indefinite protection) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ka kooban yahay qiimayaasha loo gudbiyo parameter-ka dhicitaanka -- ee la macnaha ah in bogga la difaacay si aan xad lahayn. indefStrings = { ['indef'] = true, ['indefinite'] = true, ['indefinitely'] = true, ['infinite'] = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kala-sarreynta kooxaha (Group hierarchy) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ku xirayaa koox kasta kooxahaas oo dhan ee leh -- oggolaanshaha wax-ka-beddelka bogga ee kooxdii asalka ahayd ka ballaaran. hierarchy = { sysop = {}, reviewer = {'sysop'}, filemover = {'sysop'}, templateeditor = {'sysop'}, extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'}, autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'}, user = {'autoconfirmed'}, ['*'] = {'user'} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Template-yada duubista (Wrappers) iyo doodahooda caadiga ah -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miiskani wuxuu ka kooban yahay template-yada duubista ee loo isticmaalo module-ka, iyo -- doodahooda caadiga ah. Template-yada lagu cayimay miiskani waa inay ka kooban yihiin -- yeeritaanka soo socda, mana aha inay lahaadaan wax kale oo ku jira template-ka: -- -- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}} -- -- Haddii la rabo waxyaabo kale, waxaa lagu dari karaa inta u dhaxaysa -- tag-yada <noinclude>...</noinclude>. -- -- Marka isticmaalahu waco mid ka mid ah template-yadan duubista ah, waxay si toos ah u -- isticmaali doonaan doodaha caadiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaaleyaashu waxay -- beddeli karaan mid kasta oo ka mid ah doodaha. wrappers = { ['Template:Pp'] = {}, ['Template:Pp-30-500'] = {'ecp'}, ['Template:Pp-blp'] = {'blp'}, -- uma baahnanno Template:Pp-create ['Template:Pp-dispute'] = {'dispute'}, ['Template:Pp-main-page'] = {'mainpage'}, ['Template:Pp-move'] = {action = 'move'}, ['Template:Pp-move-dispute'] = {'dispute', action = 'move'}, -- uma baahnanno Template:Pp-move-indef ['Template:Pp-move-vandalism'] = {'vandalism', action = 'move'}, ['Template:Pp-office'] = {'office'}, ['Template:Pp-office-dmca'] = {'dmca'}, ['Template:Pp-pc1'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-pc2'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-reset'] = {'reset'}, ['Template:Pp-semi-indef'] = {small = true}, ['Template:Pp-sock'] = {'sock'}, ['Template:Pp-template'] = {'template', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-upload'] = {action = 'upload'}, ['Template:Pp-usertalk'] = {'usertalk'}, ['Template:Pp-vandalism'] = {'vandalism'}, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- FARIIMAHA (MESSAGES) -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- msg = { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Hordhaca sharaxaada iyo qaybta hordhaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay cayimayaan waxa ay soo saarayaan parameters-ka ${INTROBLURB} iyo -- ${INTROFRAGMENT}. Haddii difaacu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah waxay isticmaalaan -- intro-blurb-expiry ama intro-fragment-expiry, haku ahaadaan ama ha ahaadaan e -- waxay isticmaalaan intro-blurb-noexpiry ama intro-fragment-noexpiry. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} ilaa ${EXPIRY}.', ['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.', ['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} ilaa ${EXPIRY},', ['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaada tilmaanta (Tooltip blurb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay cayimayaan waxa uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${TOOLTIPBLURB}. -- Haddii difaacu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah waxaa la isticmaalaa fariinta tooltip-blurb-expiry, -- haddii kalena waxaa la isticmaalaa fariinta tooltip-blurb-noexpiry. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = '${PAGETYPE}kan waa mid ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} ilaa ${EXPIRY}.', ['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PAGETYPE}kan waa mid ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.', ['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = '${PAGETYPE}kan waa mid ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} ilaa ${EXPIRY},', ['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PAGETYPE}kan waa mid ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaada gaarka ah (Special explanation blurb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sharaxaad loogu talagalay bogagga aan la difaaci karin, tusaale ahaan bogagga -- ku jira magaca bannaan ee MediaWiki. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'Eeg [[Wikipedia:Xeerka difaaca|' .. 'xeerka difaaca]] iyo ${PROTECTIONLOG} si aad u hesho faahfaahin dheeraad ah.' .. ' Fadlan kala hadal wixii isbeddel ah bogga ${TALKPAGE}; waxaad' .. ' awoodaa inaad ${EDITREQUEST} kaga codsato' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Maamulayaasha|maamule]] inuu sameeyo wax-ka-beddel haddii uu' .. ' yahay mid [[Help:Isbeddel yar#Marka loo meel dhigo isbeddel yar ahaan' .. '|aan lagu muransanayn]] ama ay taageerto [[Wikipedia:Is-afgarad' .. '|is-afgarad]].', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qiimayaasha bandhigga diiwaanka difaaca -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qiimayaasha bandhigga ee xiriirinta diiwaanka difaaca -- ama xiriirinta diiwaanka isbeddellada sugaya ee uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${PROTECTIONLOG}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['protection-log-display'] = 'diiwaanka difaaca', ['pc-log-display'] = 'diiwaanka isbeddellada sugaya', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qiimayaasha bandhigga nooca hadda jira (Current version display values) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qiimayaasha bandhigga ee xiriirinta taariikhda bogga -- ama xiriirinta diiwaanka guuritaanka ee uu soo saaro parameter-ka ${CURRENTVERSION}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariimahan dhexdiisa. ['current-version-move-display'] = 'cinwaanka hadda', ['current-version-edit-display'] = 'nuqulka hadda', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Bogga wadahadalka (Talk page) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariintani waxay go'aan ka gaaraysaa qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirinta bogga wadahadalka -- ee lagu soo saaray parameter-ka ${TALKPAGE}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['talk-page-link-display'] = 'bogga wadahadalka', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Codsiyada wax-ka-beddelka (Edit requests) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariintani waxay go'aan ka gaaraysaa qiimaha bandhigga ee xiriirinta codsiga wax-ka-beddelka -- ee lagu soo saaray parameter-ka ${EDITREQUEST}. -- Waa suurtagal in la isticmaalo parameters-ka banner-ka fariintan dhexdiisa. ['edit-request-display'] = 'gudbi codsi wax-ka-beddel ah', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaabka taariikhda dhicitaanka (Expiry date format) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tani waa qaabka taariikhda dhicitaanka sharaxaada. Waa inay ahaataa mid sax ah -- oo loo isticmaali karo parameter-ka koowaad ee shaqada farsameeyaha #time. ['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Qaybaha daba-galka (Tracking categories) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Fariimahan waxay go'aamiyaan qaybaha daba-galka ee uu module-ku soo saaro. ['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga leh template-yada difaaca ee khaldan', ['tracking-category-template'] = 'Wikipedia bogagga template-yada ee la difaacay oo aan ahayn template-yada iyo module-nada', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sawirrada (Images) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Kuwani waa sawirro aan lagu qeexin ficilkooda difaaca iyo heerkooda difaaca. ['image-filename-indef'] = 'Padlock.svg', ['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhamaadka fariimaha -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dhamaadka dejinta -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } svodhahvkr9y441iok928uxabg2m4ry Template:Fake heading 10 30885 306244 202953 2026-08-30T21:24:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other |1={{error|Per [[WP:PSEUDOHEADING]] fake headings should not be used in articles.}}[[Category:Pages with templates in the wrong namespace]] |2=<templatestyles src="Template:Fake_heading/styles.css" /><div class="fake-heading {{#switch: {{{level|{{{sub|}}}}}} | 1 = h1 | 2 | #default = h2 | 3 = h3 | 4 | 5 | 6 = h4 }}">{{{1|Qaybta}}}</div>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> e8co665elu67ulku7ub3bjel5tf95mz Degmada Berbera 0 42278 306313 295867 2026-08-31T10:13:37Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 281505 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Berbera District''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Degmada Barbara ) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Saaxil]] ee [[Somaliland]]. Caasimadeedu waxay ku taal [[Berbera]]. {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Degmada Barbara | other_name = | native_name = Berbera District | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = Berbera building.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Dhismaha Cusmaaniyiinta ee Berbera | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Berbera in Sahil (Somaliland).svg | mapsize = | map_caption = Goobta Degmadda Berbera ee [[Saaxil]], [[Somaliland]] | pushpin_map =Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Saaxil|Saaxil]] | subdivision_type2 = Caasimada | subdivision_name2 = [[Berbera]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2005 | population_footnotes = <ref name="docs.unocha.org">{{cite web |url=https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft) |website=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 60753 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates ={{coord|10|26|08|N|45|00|59|E|region:SO|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} Waxa dega dad ka soo jeeda beelaha [[Habar Awal]] , [[Garxajis]] iyo [[Habar Jeclo]] oo ka mid ah beelaha Somalida [[Isaaq]] ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland]] [[Gobolada Somaliland]] [[Degmooyinka Somaliland]] ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"] [[iarchive:bloodbonecallofk00ioan|Dhiiga iyo Lafaha: Baaqa Ehelnimada ee Bulshada Soomaaliyeed]] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html Degmooyinka Soomaaliya] [http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120228_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Wooqoyi-Galbeed_Berbera_A3.pdf Khariidadda maamulka degmada Berbera] gf5l1436qy7jhoavvvs9db3celfd1dp Degmada Sheekh 0 42279 306314 295865 2026-08-31T10:14:06Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/شيخ عبد الرحمن|شيخ عبد الرحمن]] ([[User talk:شيخ عبد الرحمن|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 281508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh District''' ( [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Degmada Sheekh ) waa degmo ku taal gobolka Saaxil ee [[Somaliland]] . Caasimaddeedu waxay ku taal [[Sheekh, Somaliland|Sheekh]]. Degmadu waxay ka tirsanayd gobolka [[Togdheer]] ilaa 1998-kii, markii degmada Sheekh lagu daray gobolka [[Saaxil]]. {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Degmada Sheekh | other_name = | native_name = Sheikh District | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = Sheikh mountain, Somaliland.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Sheikh in Sahil (Somaliland).svg | mapsize = | map_caption = Goobta Degmadda Berbera ee [[Saaxil]], [[Somaliland]] | pushpin_map =Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Saaxil|Saaxil]] | subdivision_type2 = Caasimada | subdivision_name2 = [[Sheekh, Somaliland|Sheekh]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2005 | population_footnotes = <ref name="docs.unocha.org">{{cite web |url=https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft) |website=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 89.000 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates ={{coord|9|55|45|N|45|11|30|E|region:SO|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1500<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sahil Regional Development Plan 2014 |url=http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Sahil.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730144656/http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Sahil.pdf |archive-date=2016-07-30 |website=Ministry of National Planning and Development}}</ref> | elevation_ft = 4921 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = }} ==Dulmar== Sheekha waxaa dega dad ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda Isamusa , oo leh magacyo qabiil oo ah jufooyinka Mohammed Isa si gaar ah loo matalo. Sida meelo badan oo kale oo ka tirsan gudaha Somaliland, Sheekh waxa lagu tilmaamaa dhismayaal taariikhi ah oo tiro badan iyo muuqaalo buuraley ah. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland]] [[Gobolada Somaliland]] [[Degmooyinka Somaliland]] ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20160730144656/http://slministryofplanning.org/images/REGIONS/Sahil.pdf "Qorshaha Horumarinta Gobolka Saaxil 2014"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"] [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html "Degmooyinka Soomaaliya"] [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/body_local_government_law.htm "Sharciga Dawladda Hoose"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XMoNDgAAQBAJ&q=Habr+Yunis+warrior&pg=PT37 IM Lewis : dadyowga Geeska Afrika] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html Degmooyinka Soomaaliya] [https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Togdheer_Sheikh_A3.pdf Maabka Maamulka Degmada Sheekh] oix967efdowd8zuii5qyef34nbnmpjw Module:Uses TemplateStyles 828 43137 306255 285277 2026-08-30T21:56:16Z Isma4l 41797 306255 Scribunto text/plain local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local mList = require('Module:List') local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local mMessageBox = require('Module:Message box') local TNT = require('Module:TNT') local p = {} local function format(msg, ...) return TNT.format('I18n/Uses TemplateStyles', msg, ...) end local function getConfig() return mw.loadData('Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config') end local function makeEditSup(pageName) return string.format('<sup>&lbrack;[[Special:Edit/%s|e]]&rbrack;</sup>', pageName) end -- Build just the "(sandbox)" suffix using the i18n message, without duplicating the main link. local function makeSandboxSuffix(tsSandboxPrefixed) -- i18n message is: "$1 ([[$2|sandbox]])" -- Passing empty $1 yields " ([[:...|sandbox]])" -> trim leading whitespace to get "(sandbox)" portion. local s = format('sandboxlink', '', ':' .. tsSandboxPrefixed) return (s:gsub('^%s+', '')) end local function renderBox(tStyles) local boxArgs = { type = 'notice', small = true, image = string.format('[[File:Farm-Fresh css add.svg|32px|alt=%s]]', format('logo-alt')) } if #tStyles < 1 then boxArgs.text = string.format('<strong class="error">%s</strong>', format('error-emptylist')) else local cfg = getConfig() local tStylesLinks = {} for i, ts in ipairs(tStyles) do local viewLink = string.format('[[:%s]]', ts) local editSup = makeEditSup(ts) local out = viewLink .. editSup -- Optional sandbox link + sandbox edit link local tsTitle = mw.title.new(ts) if tsTitle and cfg['sandbox_title'] then local tsSandboxTitle = mw.title.new(string.format( '%s:%s/%s/%s', tsTitle.nsText, tsTitle.baseText, cfg['sandbox_title'], tsTitle.subpageText )) if tsSandboxTitle and tsSandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxSuffix = makeSandboxSuffix(tsSandboxTitle.prefixedText) local sandboxEditSup = makeEditSup(tsSandboxTitle.prefixedText) out = out .. ' ' .. sandboxSuffix .. ' ' .. sandboxEditSup end end tStylesLinks[i] = out end local tStylesList = mList.makeList('bulleted', tStylesLinks) boxArgs.text = format( mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespaces(828, 829) and 'header-module' or 'header-template' ) .. '\n' .. tStylesList end return mMessageBox.main('mbox', boxArgs) end local function renderTrackingCategories(args, tStyles, titleObj) if yesno(args.nocat) then return '' end local cfg = getConfig() local cats = {} -- Error category if #tStyles < 1 and cfg['error_category'] then cats[#cats + 1] = cfg['error_category'] end -- TemplateStyles category titleObj = titleObj or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if (titleObj.namespace == 10 or titleObj.namespace == 828) and not cfg['subpage_blacklist'][titleObj.subpageText] then local category = args.category or cfg['default_category'] if category then cats[#cats + 1] = category end if not yesno(args.noprotcat) and (cfg['protection_conflict_category'] or cfg['padlock_pattern']) then local currentProt = titleObj.protectionLevels["edit"] and titleObj.protectionLevels["edit"][1] or nil local addedLevelCat = false local addedPadlockCat = false for _, ts in ipairs(tStyles) do local tsTitleObj = mw.title.new(ts) local tsProt = tsTitleObj.protectionLevels["edit"] and tsTitleObj.protectionLevels["edit"][1] or nil if cfg['padlock_pattern'] and tsProt and not addedPadlockCat then local content = tsTitleObj:getContent() if not content:find(cfg['padlock_pattern']) then cats[#cats + 1] = cfg['missing_padlock_category'] addedPadlockCat = true end end if cfg['protection_conflict_category'] and currentProt and tsProt ~= currentProt and not addedLevelCat then currentProt = cfg['protection_hierarchy'][currentProt] or 0 tsProt = cfg['protection_hierarchy'][tsProt] or 0 if tsProt < currentProt then addedLevelCat = true cats[#cats + 1] = cfg['protection_conflict_category'] end end end end end for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do cats[i] = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end return table.concat(cats) end function p._main(args) local cfg = getConfig() if #args == 0 then local prefixed = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText prefixed = prefixed:gsub("/doc", "") args[1] = prefixed .. "/" .. cfg["default_subpage_name"] end local tStyles = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) local box = renderBox(tStyles) local trackingCategories = renderTrackingCategories(args, tStyles) return box .. trackingCategories end function p.main(frame) local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do v = v:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end return p._main(args) end return p fzxzfes95mnfacwuhc6k9zeaixdtemr Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config 828 43139 306256 285279 2026-08-30T22:06:39Z Isma4l 41797 306256 Scribunto text/plain cfg = {} -- Ha taaban xariiqdan. -- Subpage blacklist: waxtarradan laguma kala saari doono qaybo (marka laga reebo -- error category, taas oo mar walba lagu daro haddii uu jiro error). -- Tusaale ahaan “Template:Foo/doc” waxay la mid tahay xeerka `doc = true`, markaa ma yeelan doonto -- qaybo. “Template:Foo” iyo “Template:Foo/documentation” midkoodna uma dhigmaan xeerarka, -- markaa *way* yeelan doonaan qaybo. Dhammaan xeerarku waxay ku jiri doonaan qaabka -- ['<subpage name>'] = true, -- format. cfg['subpage_blacklist'] = { ['doc'] = true, ['sandbox'] = true, ['sandbox2'] = true, ['testcases'] = true, } -- Sandbox title: haddii stylesheet ciwaankiisu yahay <template>/<stylesheet>.css, -- stylesheet sandboxed waxaa la filayaa inuu ku yaal <template>/<sandbox_title>/<stylesheet>.css -- U deji nil si aad u joojiso sandbox links. cfg['sandbox_title'] = 'sandbox' -- Error category: qaybtan waxaa lagu darayaa haddii module call uu ka kooban yahay errors -- (tusaale ahaan no stylesheet listed). Magaca qaybta oo aan lahayn namespace, ama nil -- si loo joojiso categorization (laguma taliyo). cfg['error_category'] = 'Uses TemplateStyles templates with errors' -- Default category: qaybtan waxaa lagu darayaa haddii no custom category la cayimay -- module/template call. Magaca qaybta oo aan lahayn namespace, ama nil -- si loo joojiso categorization. cfg['default_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles' -- Protection conflict category: qaybtan waxaa lagu darayaa haddii protection level -- ee stylesheet kasta uu ka hooseeyo protection level ee template. Magaca qaybta -- oo aan lahayn namespace, ama nil si loo joojiso categorization (laguma taliyo). cfg['protection_conflict_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles with a different protection level' -- Hierarchy of protection levels, loo isticmaalo in lagu go'aamiyo in one protection level uu ka hooseeyo -- mid kale iyo sidaas darteed uu buuxiyo protection_conflict_category. No protection waxaa loola dhaqmaa sida zero cfg['protection_hierarchy'] = { autoconfirmed = 1, extendedconfirmed = 2, templateeditor = 3, sysop = 4 } -- Padlock pattern: Lua pattern si loo raadiyo protected stylesheets, ama nil -- si loo joojiso padlock check. cfg['padlock_pattern'] = '{{pp-' -- Missing padlock category: qaybtan waxaa lagu darayaa haddii protected stylesheet -- uusan ku jirin wax padlock template ah (oo uu cayimay Lua pattern kor ku xusan). -- Magaca qaybta oo aan lahayn namespace (no nil allowed) haddii pattern uusan ahayn nil, -- unused (and thus may be nil) haddii kale. cfg['missing_padlock_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles without padlocks' -- Default subpage ee stylesheet haddii none la bixiyo cfg['default_subpage_name'] = 'styles.css' return cfg -- Ha taaban xariiqdan. j5c0brudr0971283nulug5pdq6c3051 306257 306256 2026-08-30T22:08:21Z Isma4l 41797 306257 Scribunto text/plain local cfg = {} -- Ha taaban xariiqdan. -- Subpage blacklist: waxtarradan laguma kala saari doono qaybo (marka laga reebo -- error category, taas oo mar walba lagu daro haddii uu jiro error). -- Tusaale ahaan “Template:Foo/doc” waxay la mid tahay xeerka `doc = true`, markaa ma yeelan doonto -- qaybo. “Template:Foo” iyo “Template:Foo/documentation” midkoodna uma dhigmaan xeerarka, -- markaa *way* yeelan doonaan qaybo. Dhammaan xeerarku waxay ku jiri doonaan qaabka -- ['<subpage name>'] = true, -- format. cfg['subpage_blacklist'] = { ['doc'] = true, ['sandbox'] = true, ['sandbox2'] = true, ['testcases'] = true, } -- Sandbox title: haddii stylesheet ciwaankiisu yahay <template>/<stylesheet>.css, -- stylesheet sandboxed waxaa la filayaa inuu ku yaal <template>/<sandbox_title>/<stylesheet>.css -- U deji nil si aad u joojiso sandbox links. cfg['sandbox_title'] = 'sandbox' -- Error category: qaybtan waxaa lagu darayaa haddii module call uu ka kooban yahay errors -- (tusaale ahaan no stylesheet listed). Magaca qaybta oo aan lahayn namespace, ama nil -- si loo joojiso categorization (laguma taliyo). cfg['error_category'] = 'Uses TemplateStyles templates with errors' -- Default category: qaybtan waxaa lagu darayaa haddii no custom category la cayimay -- module/template call. Magaca qaybta oo aan lahayn namespace, ama nil -- si loo joojiso categorization. cfg['default_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles' -- Protection conflict category: qaybtan waxaa lagu darayaa haddii protection level -- ee stylesheet kasta uu ka hooseeyo protection level ee template. Magaca qaybta -- oo aan lahayn namespace, ama nil si loo joojiso categorization (laguma taliyo). cfg['protection_conflict_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles with a different protection level' -- Hierarchy of protection levels, loo isticmaalo in lagu go'aamiyo in one protection level uu ka hooseeyo -- mid kale iyo sidaas darteed uu buuxiyo protection_conflict_category. No protection waxaa loola dhaqmaa sida zero cfg['protection_hierarchy'] = { autoconfirmed = 1, extendedconfirmed = 2, templateeditor = 3, sysop = 4 } -- Padlock pattern: Lua pattern si loo raadiyo protected stylesheets, ama nil -- si loo joojiso padlock check. cfg['padlock_pattern'] = '{{pp-' -- Missing padlock category: qaybtan waxaa lagu darayaa haddii protected stylesheet -- uusan ku jirin wax padlock template ah (oo uu cayimay Lua pattern kor ku xusan). -- Magaca qaybta oo aan lahayn namespace (no nil allowed) haddii pattern uusan ahayn nil, -- unused (and thus may be nil) haddii kale. cfg['missing_padlock_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles without padlocks' -- Default subpage ee stylesheet haddii none la bixiyo cfg['default_subpage_name'] = 'styles.css' return cfg -- Ha taaban xariiqdan. ps82bh94dwasumvuo3pk3wsjozqu77j Urweyne 0 47553 306301 298297 2026-08-31T09:40:27Z شيخ عبد الرحمن 44350 Sixitaan 306301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urweyne | native_name = Maagtire Geele | popplace = {{Flag|Djibouti}}<br>{{Flag|Ethiopia}} ([[Sitti Zone]])<br>{{Flag|Somaliland}} ([[Salal Region]], [[Awdal]]) | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] ([[Sunni]]) }} '''Urweyne''' (mararka qaarkood loo qoro '''Urweyn'''), magaciisa dhalasho uu yahay '''Maagtire Geele''', sidoo kale loo yaqaanno '''Wakhroon Sama Arag''', waa shakhsiyad taariikhi ah iyo oday-dhaqameed dhalasho ahaan ka mid ah lixda wiil ee uu dhalay odaygii weynaa ee '''Ciise Madoobe Dir'''. Tafiirtiisa iyo faracooda maanta waxa loo yaqaannaa Beesha Urweyne (oo ka tirsan garabka Abgaal ee beesha Ciise), waxayna si baahsan u degaan waddanka Jabuuti, Ismaamulka Soomaalida Itoobiya, iyo Somaliland. == Abtirsiga iyo magaca == Urweyne wuxuu dhalasho ahaan ku abtirsadaa dunjiga weyn ee [[Ciise (qabiil)|Ciise]] Madoobe [[Dir]]. Hooyadii waxay ka dhalatay qabiilka Sharifaan ee Wakhroon, taas oo keentay in loogu magacdaro qabiilkii hooyadiis, loona yaqaanno '''''Wakhroon Sama Arag'''''. Magiciisa rasmiga ah ee dhalasho se waa '''Maagtire Geele'''<ref name=":0">Ibraahim Axmad Cali. Aaya-Reeb: Kab Dhexeeye Sooyaalk Xeer Ciise. Jabuuti. Naadiga Qalinleyda iyo Hal'abuurka Soomaaliyeed.2016</ref>. Urweyne wuxuu la dhashay shan walaalo ah oo uu wada dhalay odaygii '''Ciise Madoobe'''<ref name=":0" />, kuwaas oo kala ah: * [[Ceeleeye Ciise]] (Curadkii) * Waladoon Ciise * Holleh Ciise * Wardiiq Ciise * Horoneh Ciise Saddexda walaalo ah ee hore (Ceeleeye, Waladoon, iyo Holleh) waa isku hooyo oo waxa dhashay Xawa Aw Muuse (oo loo yaqaan Bah Madigan), halka Urweyne (Bah Wakhroon) , Wardiiq( Bah Sheekhal) iyo Horoneh (Bah Rooney, Akishe) ay kala hooyo yihiin, taas oo ka dhigaysa lixda wiil ee Ciise Madoobe kuwa wada dhashay dhanka aabbaha (Walaal-Abbo). == Taariikhda iyo dhalashada == Urweyne wuxuu ku dhashay meel hadda xaddidnaan ahaan ku beegan [[Gobolka Sanaag|Gobolka]] [[:en:Sanaag|Sanaag]] ee Somaliland. Sida ku xusan taariikh-dhaqameedka la iska dhaxlay, qabrigiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa deegaanka [[Ceel Afweyn]], gaar ahaan dixooyinka baaxadda leh ee loogu magac daray '''Aw Urweyne''', '''Ceel-Urweyne''', ama '''Laas-Urweyne'''. Deegaankani wuxuu qiyaastii 25 ilaa 35 km u jiraa tuulada xeebta ah ee Ceelayo iyo degmada [[Laasqoray]], halkaas oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku aasay walaalkiisii curad ee Ceeleeye Ciise Madoobe. Urweyne wuxuu guursaday isagoo da' ah (oo lixdan jir kor u dhaafay), wuxuuna guursaday gabadh uu oday u ahaa (isirka awoowo ugu toosan) oo la oran jiray '''Fadumo Ibraahim (Gulane) Sacad Muuse Ceeleye Ciise'''<ref name=":0" />. Waxay u dhashay laba wiil oo u noqday faracyada ugu waaweyn: # '''Cabdalla''' (Curadkii) # '''Fiqi''' == Geedka Abtirsiinta == Dhaqan ahaan, abtirsiinta beesha Urweyne waxay u kala baxdaa labada jufo ee Cabdalla iyo Fiqi, kuwaas oo u sii qaybsama sidatan: * '''Urweyne''' (Maagtire Geele) ** '''Cabdalla''' *** '''Fataax''' *** '''Yoonis''' **** '''Axamad''' ***** '''Khaalil''' ***** '''Ali''' ***** '''Geedi''' (Geedi Madow) ****** '''Xildid''' ******* '''Hiraab''' ******** '''Faraax''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Geele'''-'''Samatar''', '''Sharmaarke''' ((Odaygii uu ka tafiirmay Caaqil '''Geedi Amare Samatar''')), iyo '''Duule''') ******** '''Wadhowre''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Wacays''' iyo '''Barre''') ******* '''Adaal''' ******** '''Xareed''' ******** '''Wacays''' ******* '''Geele Casse''' ******** '''Wadhowre''' ********* '''Buux''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Cajab''' iyo '''Casowe''') ********* '''Rooble-Fod''' ******** '''Cumar''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Rooble''') ******** '''Baahdoon''' ******* '''Geedid''' ******* '''Samatar''' ****** '''Dudub''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Xareed-Madax Weyne''' iyo '''Geed Bidar''') **** '''Saalim''' **** '''Ali Gurane''' ** '''Fiqi''' *** '''Muuse''' *** '''Xuusen''' **** '''Abiib''' **** '''Ali''' (Odaygii uu ka kaxay Sheekh Cali Sabiix) **** '''Iidle''' [ URWEYNE (Maagtire Geele) ] │ ┌─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┐ │ │ [ CABDALLA ] [ FIQI ] │ │ ┌─────┴──────────┐ ┌─────┴──────────┐ │ │ │ │ [ Fataax ] [ YOONIS ] [ Muuse ] [ XUUSEN ] │ │ ┌──────────┼──────────────┐ ┌────────────┼────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ [ Axamad ] [ Saalim ] [ Ali Gurane ] [ Abiib ] [ Ali ] [ Iidle ] │ │ ┌─────┼──────────┐ (Sheekh Cali Sabiix) │ │ │ [Khaalil][ Ali ] [ GEEDI (Geedi Madow) ] │ ┌──────────┴──────────┐┴──────────┴──────────┴───│ │ │ [ XILDID ] [ DUDUB ] │ │ ┌─────────┼─────────┐ ┌─────┴──────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ [ HIRAAB ] [ ADAAL ] [GEELE CASSE] [Xareed] [Geed Bidar] │ │ │ │ │ └─────┬───────────┬───────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌───┴───┐ [Wadhowre] [Cumar] [Baahdoon] │ │ │ │ │ [Xareed] [Wacays] │ ───[Rooble] │ ├───────────┐ ┌─────┴─────┐ │ │ │ [ Buux ] [Rooble-Fod] [Faraax] [Wadhowre] │ │ │ ┌──────┐ ├────────┐ ├──────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ [Cajab] [Casowe] [Geele- [Shar-[Duule][Wacays][Barre] Samatar] maarke] == Shakhsiyaadka canka ah ee taariikhda reer Urweyne == Beesha Urweyne waxay taariikhda reer Guuraaga iyo dhismaha qaranka Jabuuti ku leedahay raad aad u weyn, waxaana ka dhashay geesiyaal iyo culimo caan ah oo ay ka mid yihiin: * '''Geedi Axamad Yoonis Cabdalla (Geedi Madow):''' Isaga iyo tafiirtiisa waxaa taariikhda lagu tilmaamaa inay ahaayeen dadkii ugu horreeyay ee Ciise ah ee dega Buur Uguul (oo hadda ah Jabuuti). Geedi iyo labadiisa wiil ee '''Xildid''' iyo '''Dudub''' ayaa fariisin ka samaystay agagaarka Buur Uguul, kadib markii ay iyaga iyo Aardo Adan Galan Wadhowre (Yoonis Muuse reer Macalin) dhowr boqol oo sano ka hor dagaal adag la galeen qowmiyadihii deegaankaas degganaa, gaar ahaan meelaha la yiraahdo Muuse Tuure iyo Xeebta Carta. Faraca Xildid iyo Dudub waxay ilaa maanta si joogto ah u deggan yihiin Buur Uguul oo qayb ka ah Gobolka Cali Sabiix, Carta, iyo Jabuuti. * '''Sheekh Cali Xuusen (Cali Sabat / Cali Sabiix):''' Wuxuu ahaa sheekh iyo caalim weyn oo ka tirsanaa Urweyne, gaar ahaan reer Fiqi (reer Xuusen). Magaalada caanka ah ee '''[[Cali Sabiix]]''' waxaa loogu magac daray sheekhaas, qabrigiisuna wuxuu ku yaallaa agagaarka magaaladaas. * '''Geedi Amare Samatar (Geedi Gaab):''' Wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye dhaqameed miisaan culus ku lahaa bulshada, isagoo soo noqday Caaqilka Guud ee beesha Ciise ee Jabuuti xilligii gumeysiga Faransiiska. Wuxuu xaddidnaan ahaan ka dhashay Urweyne, gaar ahaan faraca Cabdalla Geedi Madow (reer Xildid). == Deegaanka iyo fiditaanka maanta == Tafiirta ka tafarucday labada jufo ee Cabdalla iyo Fiqi (Beesha Urweyne/Abgaal) waxay maanta si rasmi ah u degaan dhul-daaqsimeedyo, tuulooyin, iyo magaalooyin waaweyn oo ku kala yaalla saddex dal oo Geeska Afrika ah. Sababtoo ah inay yihiin bulsho isugu jirta xoolo-dhaqato iyo reer magaal, deegaannadooda rasmiga ah waxa ka mid ah: === 1. Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti === Jabuuti waa xarunta siyaasadda iyo maamulka ee beesha, waxayna si gaar ah u degaan: * '''[[Gobolka Cali Sabiix]]:''' Qaybo ka mid ah miyiga gobolka iyo dhulka xadka xiga ee xoolo-daaqsinka. * '''[[Gobolka Carta]]:''' Gaar ahaan nawaaxiga caasimadda labaad ee Carta iyo deegaannada iyo tuulooyinka hoos yimaada ee kala ah: ''Weeca, Cumar Jagaac, Duuda, Dameerjog, PK20, Kurtimaley, Gabla Qalane, Badha yar, Geed Qarweyne, PK 51, Nagaadh, Cali Cunay, Cantar, iyo Shabeeley''. * '''Caasimadda Jabuuti:''' Degmooyinka magaalada dhexdeeda ah ayay ku leeyihiin degitaan joogto ah iyo ganacsiyo ballaaran. === 2. Ismaamulka Soomaalida Itoobiya (Gobolka Sitti) === Gobolka Sitti waa dhulka ugu ballaaran ee reer miyiga iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beeshu ku fidsan tahay, gaar ahaan: * '''Degmooyinka iyo Deegaannada:''' [[Cafdem]], Casbuli, Lafo Cisse, Garba Cisse, Cundhufo, Cadayti, iyo Gaadh Madow (gaar ahaan dhulka miyiga ah ee u dhexeeya xadka Jabuuti iyo jidka tareenka). * '''Degmada Erer iyo Shiniile:''' Deegaannada ku teedsan xariiqda tareenka ee isku xira Jabuuti iyo [[Diridhaba]]. * '''Aysha’a iyo Coble:''' Waxay u guuraan deegaannadan xilliyada abaaraha ama daaqsinka raadiska. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise (qabiil)]] * [[Dir (qabiil)]] * [[Abgaal (Ciise)]] == Tixraac == {{Tixraac}}[[Qaybta:Beelaha Soomaalida]] [[Qaybta:Taariikhda Soomaalida]] 9t485hl67hbhtqz4ii1gdp919xv0l9i 306304 306301 2026-08-31T09:41:16Z شيخ عبد الرحمن 44350 /* Deegaanka iyo fiditaanka maanta */ Sixitaan 306304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urweyne | native_name = Maagtire Geele | popplace = {{Flag|Djibouti}}<br>{{Flag|Ethiopia}} ([[Sitti Zone]])<br>{{Flag|Somaliland}} ([[Salal Region]], [[Awdal]]) | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] ([[Sunni]]) }} '''Urweyne''' (mararka qaarkood loo qoro '''Urweyn'''), magaciisa dhalasho uu yahay '''Maagtire Geele''', sidoo kale loo yaqaanno '''Wakhroon Sama Arag''', waa shakhsiyad taariikhi ah iyo oday-dhaqameed dhalasho ahaan ka mid ah lixda wiil ee uu dhalay odaygii weynaa ee '''Ciise Madoobe Dir'''. Tafiirtiisa iyo faracooda maanta waxa loo yaqaannaa Beesha Urweyne (oo ka tirsan garabka Abgaal ee beesha Ciise), waxayna si baahsan u degaan waddanka Jabuuti, Ismaamulka Soomaalida Itoobiya, iyo Somaliland. == Abtirsiga iyo magaca == Urweyne wuxuu dhalasho ahaan ku abtirsadaa dunjiga weyn ee [[Ciise (qabiil)|Ciise]] Madoobe [[Dir]]. Hooyadii waxay ka dhalatay qabiilka Sharifaan ee Wakhroon, taas oo keentay in loogu magacdaro qabiilkii hooyadiis, loona yaqaanno '''''Wakhroon Sama Arag'''''. Magiciisa rasmiga ah ee dhalasho se waa '''Maagtire Geele'''<ref name=":0">Ibraahim Axmad Cali. Aaya-Reeb: Kab Dhexeeye Sooyaalk Xeer Ciise. Jabuuti. Naadiga Qalinleyda iyo Hal'abuurka Soomaaliyeed.2016</ref>. Urweyne wuxuu la dhashay shan walaalo ah oo uu wada dhalay odaygii '''Ciise Madoobe'''<ref name=":0" />, kuwaas oo kala ah: * [[Ceeleeye Ciise]] (Curadkii) * Waladoon Ciise * Holleh Ciise * Wardiiq Ciise * Horoneh Ciise Saddexda walaalo ah ee hore (Ceeleeye, Waladoon, iyo Holleh) waa isku hooyo oo waxa dhashay Xawa Aw Muuse (oo loo yaqaan Bah Madigan), halka Urweyne (Bah Wakhroon) , Wardiiq( Bah Sheekhal) iyo Horoneh (Bah Rooney, Akishe) ay kala hooyo yihiin, taas oo ka dhigaysa lixda wiil ee Ciise Madoobe kuwa wada dhashay dhanka aabbaha (Walaal-Abbo). == Taariikhda iyo dhalashada == Urweyne wuxuu ku dhashay meel hadda xaddidnaan ahaan ku beegan [[Gobolka Sanaag|Gobolka]] [[:en:Sanaag|Sanaag]] ee Somaliland. Sida ku xusan taariikh-dhaqameedka la iska dhaxlay, qabrigiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa deegaanka [[Ceel Afweyn]], gaar ahaan dixooyinka baaxadda leh ee loogu magac daray '''Aw Urweyne''', '''Ceel-Urweyne''', ama '''Laas-Urweyne'''. Deegaankani wuxuu qiyaastii 25 ilaa 35 km u jiraa tuulada xeebta ah ee Ceelayo iyo degmada [[Laasqoray]], halkaas oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku aasay walaalkiisii curad ee Ceeleeye Ciise Madoobe. Urweyne wuxuu guursaday isagoo da' ah (oo lixdan jir kor u dhaafay), wuxuuna guursaday gabadh uu oday u ahaa (isirka awoowo ugu toosan) oo la oran jiray '''Fadumo Ibraahim (Gulane) Sacad Muuse Ceeleye Ciise'''<ref name=":0" />. Waxay u dhashay laba wiil oo u noqday faracyada ugu waaweyn: # '''Cabdalla''' (Curadkii) # '''Fiqi''' == Geedka Abtirsiinta == Dhaqan ahaan, abtirsiinta beesha Urweyne waxay u kala baxdaa labada jufo ee Cabdalla iyo Fiqi, kuwaas oo u sii qaybsama sidatan: * '''Urweyne''' (Maagtire Geele) ** '''Cabdalla''' *** '''Fataax''' *** '''Yoonis''' **** '''Axamad''' ***** '''Khaalil''' ***** '''Ali''' ***** '''Geedi''' (Geedi Madow) ****** '''Xildid''' ******* '''Hiraab''' ******** '''Faraax''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Geele'''-'''Samatar''', '''Sharmaarke''' ((Odaygii uu ka tafiirmay Caaqil '''Geedi Amare Samatar''')), iyo '''Duule''') ******** '''Wadhowre''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Wacays''' iyo '''Barre''') ******* '''Adaal''' ******** '''Xareed''' ******** '''Wacays''' ******* '''Geele Casse''' ******** '''Wadhowre''' ********* '''Buux''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Cajab''' iyo '''Casowe''') ********* '''Rooble-Fod''' ******** '''Cumar''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Rooble''') ******** '''Baahdoon''' ******* '''Geedid''' ******* '''Samatar''' ****** '''Dudub''' (wuxuu dhalay: '''Xareed-Madax Weyne''' iyo '''Geed Bidar''') **** '''Saalim''' **** '''Ali Gurane''' ** '''Fiqi''' *** '''Muuse''' *** '''Xuusen''' **** '''Abiib''' **** '''Ali''' (Odaygii uu ka kaxay Sheekh Cali Sabiix) **** '''Iidle''' [ URWEYNE (Maagtire Geele) ] │ ┌─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┐ │ │ [ CABDALLA ] [ FIQI ] │ │ ┌─────┴──────────┐ ┌─────┴──────────┐ │ │ │ │ [ Fataax ] [ YOONIS ] [ Muuse ] [ XUUSEN ] │ │ ┌──────────┼──────────────┐ ┌────────────┼────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ [ Axamad ] [ Saalim ] [ Ali Gurane ] [ Abiib ] [ Ali ] [ Iidle ] │ │ ┌─────┼──────────┐ (Sheekh Cali Sabiix) │ │ │ [Khaalil][ Ali ] [ GEEDI (Geedi Madow) ] │ ┌──────────┴──────────┐┴──────────┴──────────┴───│ │ │ [ XILDID ] [ DUDUB ] │ │ ┌─────────┼─────────┐ ┌─────┴──────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ [ HIRAAB ] [ ADAAL ] [GEELE CASSE] [Xareed] [Geed Bidar] │ │ │ │ │ └─────┬───────────┬───────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌───┴───┐ [Wadhowre] [Cumar] [Baahdoon] │ │ │ │ │ [Xareed] [Wacays] │ ───[Rooble] │ ├───────────┐ ┌─────┴─────┐ │ │ │ [ Buux ] [Rooble-Fod] [Faraax] [Wadhowre] │ │ │ ┌──────┐ ├────────┐ ├──────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ [Cajab] [Casowe] [Geele- [Shar-[Duule][Wacays][Barre] Samatar] maarke] == Shakhsiyaadka canka ah ee taariikhda reer Urweyne == Beesha Urweyne waxay taariikhda reer Guuraaga iyo dhismaha qaranka Jabuuti ku leedahay raad aad u weyn, waxaana ka dhashay geesiyaal iyo culimo caan ah oo ay ka mid yihiin: * '''Geedi Axamad Yoonis Cabdalla (Geedi Madow):''' Isaga iyo tafiirtiisa waxaa taariikhda lagu tilmaamaa inay ahaayeen dadkii ugu horreeyay ee Ciise ah ee dega Buur Uguul (oo hadda ah Jabuuti). Geedi iyo labadiisa wiil ee '''Xildid''' iyo '''Dudub''' ayaa fariisin ka samaystay agagaarka Buur Uguul, kadib markii ay iyaga iyo Aardo Adan Galan Wadhowre (Yoonis Muuse reer Macalin) dhowr boqol oo sano ka hor dagaal adag la galeen qowmiyadihii deegaankaas degganaa, gaar ahaan meelaha la yiraahdo Muuse Tuure iyo Xeebta Carta. Faraca Xildid iyo Dudub waxay ilaa maanta si joogto ah u deggan yihiin Buur Uguul oo qayb ka ah Gobolka Cali Sabiix, Carta, iyo Jabuuti. * '''Sheekh Cali Xuusen (Cali Sabat / Cali Sabiix):''' Wuxuu ahaa sheekh iyo caalim weyn oo ka tirsanaa Urweyne, gaar ahaan reer Fiqi (reer Xuusen). Magaalada caanka ah ee '''[[Cali Sabiix]]''' waxaa loogu magac daray sheekhaas, qabrigiisuna wuxuu ku yaallaa agagaarka magaaladaas. * '''Geedi Amare Samatar (Geedi Gaab):''' Wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye dhaqameed miisaan culus ku lahaa bulshada, isagoo soo noqday Caaqilka Guud ee beesha Ciise ee Jabuuti xilligii gumeysiga Faransiiska. Wuxuu xaddidnaan ahaan ka dhashay Urweyne, gaar ahaan faraca Cabdalla Geedi Madow (reer Xildid). == Deegaanka iyo fiditaanka maanta == Tafiirta ka tafarucday labada jufo ee Cabdalla iyo Fiqi (Beesha Urweyne/Abgaal) waxay maanta si rasmi ah u degaan dhul-daaqsimeedyo, tuulooyin, iyo magaalooyin waaweyn oo ku kala yaalla saddex dal oo Geeska Afrika ah. Sababtoo ah inay yihiin bulsho isugu jirta xoolo-dhaqato iyo reer magaal, deegaannadooda rasmiga ah waxa ka mid ah: === 1. Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti === Jabuuti waa xarunta siyaasadda iyo maamulka ee beesha, waxayna si gaar ah u degaan: * '''[[Gobolka Cali Sabiix]]:''' Qaybo ka mid ah miyiga gobolka iyo dhulka xadka xiga ee xoolo-daaqsinka. * '''[[Gobolka Carta]]:''' Gaar ahaan nawaaxiga caasimadda labaad ee Carta iyo deegaannada iyo tuulooyinka hoos yimaada ee kala ah: ''Weeca, Cumar Jagaac, Duuda, Dameerjog, PK20, Kurtimaley, Gabla Qalane, Badha yar, Geed Qarweyne, PK 51, Nagaadh, Cali Cunay, Cantar, iyo Shabeeley''. * '''Caasimadda Jabuuti:''' Degmooyinka magaalada dhexdeeda ah ayay ku leeyihiin degitaan joogto ah iyo ganacsiyo ballaaran. === 2. Ismaamulka Soomaalida Itoobiya (Gobolka Sitti) === Gobolka Sitti waa dhulka ugu ballaaran ee reer miyiga iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beeshu ku fidsan tahay, gaar ahaan: * '''Degmooyinka iyo Deegaannada:''' [[Cafdem]], Casbuli, Garba Cisse, Cundhufo, Cadayti, iyo Gaadh Madow (gaar ahaan dhulka miyiga ah ee u dhexeeya xadka Jabuuti iyo jidka tareenka). * '''Degmada Erer iyo Shiniile:''' Deegaannada ku teedsan xariiqda tareenka ee isku xira Jabuuti iyo [[Diridhaba]]. * '''Aysha’a iyo Coble:''' Waxay u guuraan deegaannadan xilliyada abaaraha ama daaqsinka raadiska. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise (qabiil)]] * [[Dir (qabiil)]] * [[Abgaal (Ciise)]] == Tixraac == {{Tixraac}}[[Qaybta:Beelaha Soomaalida]] [[Qaybta:Taariikhda Soomaalida]] 5ygyirspgid4lnrwyl9mnr5g3rwi20a Hohenleimbach 0 51249 306195 2026-08-30T14:29:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hohenleimbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|24|41|N|7|3|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenleimbach in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Brohltal |elevation = 512 |area = 10.17 |postal_code = 56746 |area_code = 02655 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 206 |mayor = Thorsten Kurt Kabuth<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Hohenleimbach''' waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rheinland-Pfalz]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikh == Tuulada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1425 iyadoo ahayd [[fief|dhul-boqortooyo]] uu lahaa Peter von Thys oo lagu magacaabo ''Leimbach''. Magacaas asalka ah ee meesha wuxuu isticmaalku ku jiray ilaa horraantii qarnigii 20-aad. Tan iyo qarnigii 18-aad naanaysta ''Wüstleimbach'' ayaa soo baxday. Horgalaha "''Wüst''" waxaa loola jeedaa "''[[Deserted medieval village|cidlo ah]]''" oo macnaheedu yahay mid luntay ama la dayacay. Sababo la xiriira dhulka beeralayda ah ee aan bacrin ahayn iyo saboolnimada daran ee dadka deggan, waxay go'aansadeen inay u haajiraan inta badan Ameerika iyagoo ka tegaya beerahoodii oo markaas dabadeed la dayacay. Dadweynihii tuulada ee inta badan la dayacay ayaa hoos ugu dhacay ka hoos 100 qarniyadii 17-aad iyo 18-aad. Sida uu qabo go'aan ka soo baxay [[borough council|golaha deegaanka]] 1914, tuulada waxaa loo oggolaaday, amar ka soo baxay boqortooyada oo dhacay 31 Janaayo 1916, inay u magacowdo nafteeda ''Hohenleimbach'', sababtoo ah sawirka xun ee naanaysta ''Wüstleimbach'' ("''Leimbach-kii la dayacay''"). Tuulada yar ee ''Lederbach'' ee hal mayl dhinaca waqooyi ku taal ayaa ah qayb ka mid ah degmada. Qarniyo ka hor waxaa jiray tuula yar oo kale oo lagu magacaabo ''Rembach'' taas oo ku tiil koonfurta Hohenleimbach afafka hore ee durdurka ''Lederbach'' ("Leatherbrook") ee ku shubmaya durdurka yar ee Nette, taas oo ka koobnayd afar beer oo keliya. Markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1337 waxay ahayd inay hore u noqotay mid la dayacay qarnigii 17-aad sababo la xiriira saboolnimo awgeed. === Dadweynaha === {{Historical populations |title=Ttirada dadweynaha (31 Diseembar) |source=Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz |cols=2 |align=none |1815 |152 |1835 |188 |1871 |159 |1905 |231 |1939 |260 |1950 |264 |1961 |284 |1965 |321 |1970 |302 |1975 |301 |1980 |286 |1985 |253 |1987 |277 |1990 |292 |1995 |335 |2000 |359 |2005 |371 |2019 |360 }} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ipzp8feel142yl3zd08q6vg4ohfm6wr Hohenleipisch 0 51250 306196 2026-08-30T14:31:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Hohenleipisch.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|30|00|N|13|33|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenleipisch in EE.png |state = |district = Elbe-Elster |Amt = Plessa |elevation = 135 |area = 34.81 |postal_code = 04934 |area_code = 03533 |licence = EE, FI, LIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 62 240 |website = <!-- [http://www.hohenleipisch.com/ www.hohenleipisch.com] --> |mayor = Lutz Schumann<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12062000 Landkreis Elbe-Elster Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 27 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Hohenleipisch''' ([[Sorbian languages|Sorbian]]: ''Lubuš'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Elbe-Elster]], ee gobolka [[Brandenburg]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikh == Laba kiooimitir galbeed ka xigta Hohenleipisch waxaa ku taal [[brown coal|dhuxusha bunni]] iyo [[quartz sand|ciid quartz]] oo hore loo qodi jiray oo lagu magacaabo [[Grube Gotthold]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, Hohenleipisch waxay ka mid ahayd [[Bezirk Cottbus|gobolka Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]]. == Dadweynaha == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Hohenleipisch.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta Dadweynaha ilaa 1875 ee ku dhex jirta Xuduudaha Hadda (Sadarka Buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Sadarka Dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Cawl: Waqtigii Xukunka Naasiga; Asalka Cas: Waqtigii Xukunka Shuuciga)]] {| |+style="background:#ffefcf; border: 1pt grey solid;" |'''Hohenleipisch: <br>Horumarinta dadweynaha ee xuduudaha hadda (2013)'''<ref>Ilo-xogeed faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Qorshaynta Dadweynaha Brandenburg ee Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="border: 1pt grey solid" ! style="background:#ffefcf;" | Sannad ! style="background:#ffefcf;" | Dadweynaha |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1875 || align=right | 1 500 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1890 || align=right | 1 700 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1910 || align=right | 2 587 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1925 || align=right | 2 888 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1933 || align=right | 3 209 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1939 || align=right | 3 321 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1946 || align=right | 4 016 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1950 || align=right | 3 937 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1964 || align=right | 3 297 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1971 || align=right | 3 252 |- |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="border: 1pt grey solid" ! style="background:#ffefcf;" | Sannad ! style="background:#ffefcf;" | Dadweynaha |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1981 || align=right | 2 850 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1985 || align=right | 2 759 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1989 || align=right | 2 626 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1990 || align=right | 2 608 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1991 || align=right | 2 566 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1992 || align=right | 2 516 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1993 || align=right | 2 845 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1994 || align=right | 3 024 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1995 || align=right | 2 836 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1996 || align=right | 3 001 |- |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="border: 1pt grey solid" ! style="background:#ffefcf;" | Sannad ! style="background:#ffefcf;" | Dadweynaha |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1997 || align=right | 3 008 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1998 || align=right | 3 022 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |1999 || align=right | 2 896 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2000 || align=right | 2 822 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2001 || align=right | 2 845 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2002 || align=right | 2 803 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2003 || align=right | 2 679 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2004 || align=right | 2 660 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2005 || align=right | 2 552 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2006 || align=right | 2 383 |- |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="border: 1pt grey solid" ! style="background:#ffefcf;" | Sannad ! style="background:#ffefcf;" | Dadweynaha |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2007 || align=right | 2 304 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2008 || align=right | 2 258 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2009 || align=right | 2 235 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2010 || align=right | 2 171 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2011 || align=right | 2 188 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2012 || align=right | 2 148 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2013 || align=right | 2 089 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2014 || align=right | 2 069 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2015 || align=right | 2 048 |- |style="background:#ffefcf" |2016 || align=right | 2 056 |- |} |} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fbbs62ywk3lz87gj46lp24rw47yn09v Hohenleuben 0 51251 306198 2026-08-30T14:32:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 76 029 |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hohenleuben COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|43|N|12|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenleuben in GRZ.png |state = |district = Greiz |elevation = 395 |area = 9.53 |postal_code = 07958 |area_code = 036622 |licence = GRZ |website = |mayor = Stefanie Soch<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Hohenleuben''' ({{IPA|de|ˌhoːənˈlɔʏbn̩|-|De-Hohenleuben.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Greiz (district)|Greiz]], ee gobolka [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal 12&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Greiz]], iyo 19&nbsp;km koonfurta [[Gera]]. == Taariikh == Gudaha [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]] (1871-1918), Hohenleuben waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Principality of Reuss-Gera|Imaarada Reuss-Gera]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1tt18tpfl7upvelemjv8za4gzmcp37d Hohenlockstedt 0 51252 306199 2026-08-30T14:33:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hohenlockstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|58|N|9|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenlockstedt in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Kellinghusen |elevation = 17 |area = 45.6 |postal_code = 25551 |area_code = 04822, 04826 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 042 |divisions = 6 |website = [https://www.kellinghusen.de/ www.kellinghusen.de] |mayor = Wolfgang Wein |party = }} '''Hohenlockstedt''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Steinburg]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 8&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ee [[Itzehoe]]. Hohenlockstedt waxaa horay loo oran jiray ''Lockstedter Lager'' waxaana loo isticmaali jiray aag tababar oo ku yaal Holstein ilaa 1927. Hohenlockstedt waa qayb ka mid ah ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Kellinghusen (Amt)|Kellinghusen]]. == Taariikh == Hohenlockstedt, oo horay loo oran jiray xerada millatariga ee ''Lockstedter Lager'', waxaa la aasaasay 1872 iyadoo ahayd goob tababar oo loogu talagalay Ciidanka IX ee Ciidanka Jarmalka. Sanadkii 1900, kooxda ciidamada Jarmalka ee hawlgalka ka dhan ah [[Boxer Rebellion]] ee Shiinaha ayaa la dhisay, iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo [[Alfred von Waldersee]]. Dhul yar oo keymo ah oo u dhow wuxuu sitaa magaca ''Waldersee-Höhe''. Aagga tababarka millatariga wuxuu gaaray ballaciisa ugu weyn bilowgii [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], markaas oo uu daboolayey bedka qiyaastii 60&nbsp;km², oo ay ku sugnaayeen ilaa 18,000 oo askari. Laga soo bilaabo 1915, mutadawiciin Finnish ah oo ka tirsan [[Jäger Movement]] ayaa tababar askarimo ah ku qaatay Lockstedter Lager, kuwaas oo dambe noqon doona udub-dhexaadka ciidanka cusub ee Finland. [[Finland]] markaas waxay ka tirsanayd [[Russian Empire|Boqortooyada Ruushka]] oo ahayd [[Grand Duchy of Finland|Grand Duchy]]. Sanadkii 1917, Finland waxay awoodday inay hesho madaxbannaani, iyo waxyaabo kale oo ay caawinayaan mutadawiciintan, kuwaas oo aasaasay udub-dhexaadka khubarada ah ee [[White Guard (Finland)|ciidanka cad]] ee [[Finnish Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Finland]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1927, waxaa laga dhigay degmo magaceeda la mid ah. Intii lagu guda jiray Jamhuuriyaddii Weimar, dhulka xeradu waxay ahayd goob ay isugu yimaadaan kooxo kala duwan oo garab-midig ah, oo ay ku jiraan kooxaha [[Freikorps]] iyo [[Nazis|Naasigii]]. Meesha waxaa loo tixgeliyey meesha ay ka soo jeedo [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] ee Schleswig-Holstein. Sababtoo ah sumcaddeeda xun, bulshadu waxay beddeshay magaceeda oo ka dhigtay Hohenlockstedt sanadkii 1956. == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == *{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Lapua]], Finland<ref>{{cite web|title=Lapua info (statistics)|url=http://www.lapua.fi/web/?c=240&nv=3&lang=en|publisher=Lapua|access-date=30 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 07992poe7h7igdtoolclyscd25ksvp1 Hohenpolding 0 51253 306200 2026-08-30T14:35:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hohenpolding COA.svg |image_photo = AmelgeringKirche Hohenpolding-01.JPG |image_caption = Kenediiyada [[Saint Lambertus]] |coordinates = {{coord|48|23|4|N|12|7|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenpolding in ED.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Erding |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Steinkirchen |elevation = 488 |area = 27.42 |postal_code = 84432 |area_code = 08084 |licence = ED |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 77 121 |website = [https://www.hohenpolding.de/ www.hohenpolding.de] |mayor = Alfons Beilhack<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Hohenpolding''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Erding (district)|Erding]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka Jarmalka. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pkzqnah98006u8p4xmi38txynt48urm 306201 306200 2026-08-30T14:36:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hohenpolding COA.svg |image_photo = AmelgeringKirche Hohenpolding-01.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda [[Saint Lambertus]] |coordinates = {{coord|48|23|4|N|12|7|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenpolding in ED.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Erding |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Steinkirchen |elevation = 488 |area = 27.42 |postal_code = 84432 |area_code = 08084 |licence = ED |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 77 121 |website = [https://www.hohenpolding.de/ www.hohenpolding.de] |mayor = Alfons Beilhack<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Hohenpolding''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Erding (district)|Erding]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka Jarmalka. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} gtkwrmuy9coh53pdttbz6kbx4m3qxdx Hohenroda 0 51254 306202 2026-08-30T14:38:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Gemeinde |name = Hohenroda |image_coa = DEU Hohenroda COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|48|28|N|9|55|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenroda in HEF.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Hersfeld-Rotenburg |elevation = 340 |area = 35.75 |postal_code = 36284 |area_code = 06676 |licence = HEF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 32 010 |website = [http://www.hohenroda.de/ www.hohenroda.de] |mayor = Andre Stenda<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = independent }} '''Hohenroda''' ({{IPA|de|hoːənˈʁoːda}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Hersfeld-Rotenburg]] ee bariga [[Hesse|Hessen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]] taas oo ku taal xadka ay la wadaagto [[Thuringia]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmadani waxay u dhaxaysaa buuraha [[Rhön Mountains|Rhön]] iyo [[Thuringian Forest]] ee loogu yeero [[Kuppen Rhön]]. Meesha ugu sarreysa ee [[Hessian Skittles]] (oo ah buuro [[volcano|folkaano ah]]), Soisberg, waxay taagan tahay xadka galbeed ee degmada. Xarumaha ugu dhow ee waaweyn waa [[Bad Hersfeld]] (qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed) iyo [[Fulda]] (qiyaastii 32&nbsp;km dhinaca koonfur-galbeed). === Degmooyinka deriska la ah === Hohenroda waxay waqooyiga ka xigtaa degmada [[Philippsthal (Werra)|Philippsthal]] (ee Hersfeld-Rotenburg), dhinaca bari waxaa ka xigta [[Unterbreizbach]], koonfur-bari waxaa ka xigta [[Buttlar]] (labaduba waxay ku jiraan [[Wartburgkreis]] ee Thuringia), koonfurta waxaa ka xigta [[Eiterfeld]] (ee [[Fulda (district)|degmada Fulda]]), galbeedka waxaa ka xigta [[Schenklengsfeld]] halka waqooyi-galbeed ay ka xigto [[Friedewald, Hesse|Friedewald]] (labaduba waxay ku jiraan Hersfeld-Rotenburg). === Bulshooyinka ka kooban === Degmooyinka Hohenroda waa [[Ausbach]], [[Glaam]], [[Mansbach]], [[Oberbreitzbach]], [[Ransbach (Hohenroda)|Ransbach]] iyo Soislieden. == Taariikh == [[Image:Hohenroda mansbach kirche.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda ku taal Mansbach]] Mansbach waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumiintiyo 1232 waxayna la xiriirtaa nidaamka rabaaniga ah ee Mansbach ee [[Buchonia]] tan iyo markii la aasaasay. Ransbach ayaa soo xigtay, iyadoo xuskeedii ugu horreeyay ee dukumiinti uu dhacay 1254 iyadoo ah tuulo ka tirsan [[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]] ee Landeck. Ragii Mansbach waxay dhisteen guri yar oo madaxbannaan oo ay uga faa'iidaysan kareen xiriirka ay la leeyihiin [[Hersfeld Abbey|Hersfeld]] iyo [[Fulda Abbey]] iyo [[Landgraviate of Hesse|Landgraves of Hesse]]. Qalcadda Mansbach waxaa burburiyay Abbot Bertho IV ee Fulda inta u dhaxxeysa 1274 iyo 1286. Kadib markii dib loo dhisay, waxay mararka qaar qarniyadii 14-aad iyo 15-aad ahayd [[fief|dhul-boqortooyo]] ama [[Allodial title|hanti gaar ah]]. 1364, Reer Mansbach waxay heleen awoodda ay ku maamulaan bulshada. 1662, Sayidyadii Geyso waxay dhul ka iibsadeen reer Mansbach waxayna halkאן ka dhisteen deegaan qasri ah. Ilaa [[German mediatisation|Dhex-dhexaadintii Jarmalka]] ee 1806, tuulada waxaa sheegasho ku lahaa Fulda Abbey iyada oo ah dhul aan lahayn [[Reichsfreiheit|madaxbannaanida Boqortooyada]], inkastoo ficil ahaan ay ka koobnayd seddex hanti oo rabaani ah oo lahaa madaxbannaanida Boqortooyada. Horraantii qarnigii 20-aad, warshad-sameeyaha Adolf Hupertz (oo markaas sidoo kale lahaa Qalcadda Rieneck) wuxuu noqday milkiilaha 1,700 [[morgen]] oo dhul ah oo u dhexeeya Mansbach, Glaam iyo Oberbreitzbach. Wuxuu ka dhigay hantibeereed wuxuuna u bixiyay Hohenroda, taas oo weligeed ka dib ka tirsanayd bulshada Oberbreitzbach. Inta u dhaxxeysa 1907 iyo 1909, Hupertz wuxuu dhissaday dhismo guri weyn leh oo leh beero ku dhex yaal hantidaas. Kan wuxuu u bixiyay Schloss Hohenroda. Markii la aasaasay bulshada weyn 1 Febraayo 1972, magaca hantida iyo guriga weyn ayaa sidoo kale lagu dabaqay. Laga soo bilaabo 1988, xarunta maamulka bulshada waxay ku taal gurigii hore ee weynaa. === Isku-dhafka === Dib-u-habeyntii degmada, bulshada cusub ee Hohenroda waxay dhalatay 1971 iyo 1972 iyadoo la mideeyay bulshooyinka Ausbach, Mansbach iyo Ransbach. Inta ka horreysay arrintan, Glaam waxaa lala mideeyay Ransbach 1968, halka Oberbreitzbach iyo Soislieden lala mideeyay Mansbach 1970. == Siyaasad == === Golaha bulshada === Doorashooyinkii [[Federal elections in Germany|federaalka Jarmalka]] ee 2017, 2021, iyo 2025 waxay soo saareen natiijooyinkan soo socda ee bulshada:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bundestagswahl: So hat sich Hohenroda von 2017 bis 2025 verändert|url=https://www.hersfelder-zeitung.de/lokales/hohenroda-eiterfeld/bundestagswahl-so-hat-sich-hohenroda-von-2017-bis-2025-veraendert-93764628.html|website=www.hersfelder-zeitung.de|date=2025-06-02|access-date=2026-01-30|language=de}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" | '''Xisbiyada''' |align="center" | '''2017''' |align="center" | '''2021''' |align="center" | '''2025''' |---- |AfD |[[Alternative for Germany]] |align="right" |14.5% |align="right" |15.1% |align="right" |29.3% |---- |SPD |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] |align="right" |37.9% |align="right" |41.5% |align="right" |25.8% |- |CDU |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] | align="right" |25.0% | align="right" |17.0% | align="right" |24.0% |---- |FDP |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] | align="right" |9.6% | align="right" |11.0% | align="right" |4.2% |- | colspan="2" |[[Die Linke]] | align="right" |3.9% | align="right" |2.7% | align="right" |3.7% |} Dhammaan xisbiyadan marka laga reebo AfD iyo Die Linke, iyadoo lagu darayo xisbiga maxalliga ah ee FWH, ayaa dib ugu tartami doona doorashooyinka maxalliga ah ee 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diese Listen treten zur Kommunalwahl am 15. März in der Region an|url=https://www.hersfelder-zeitung.de/bad-hersfeld/diese-listen-treten-zur-kommunalwahl-am-15-maerz-in-der-region-an-94110725.html|website=www.hersfelder-zeitung.de|date=2026-01-07|access-date=2026-01-30|language=de}}</ref> === Duqa magaalada === 4 Luulyo 2025, duqa magaalada Andre Stenda (aan xisbi lahayn) ayaa si rasmi ah loogu magacaabay golaha degmada wuxuuna qaaday dhaarta xafiiska.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Andre Stenda legt Amtseid ab|url=https://www.hersfelder-zeitung.de/lokales/hohenroda-eiterfeld/hohenrodaer-lehnen-kleineres-gemeindeparlament-ab-93816321.html|website=www.hersfelder-zeitung.de|date=2025-07-04|access-date=2026-01-30|language=de}}</ref> === Calanka degmada === [[Image:Hohenroda mansbach wappen.jpg|thumb|Dhanka bidix, calanka qoyska von Mansbach]] [[Coat of arms|Calanka]] bulshada waxaa lagu sifoobi karaa sidan: Gyronny oo guduud iyo lacag ah, lix caleemood oo isku xiran dhibicda fess oo la rogay. Lixda caleemood waxay astaan ​​u yihiin mideynta lixdii bulsho ee hore ee noqday bulshada weyn. Waa caleemaha tufaaxa (oo aan lagu xusin sharaxaadda Jarmalka), iyagoo tixraacaya nooc tufaax ah oo loogu magac daray bartamaha Ausbach, ''Ausbacher Roter'', kaas oo inta badan weli laga helayo isagoo ka baxaya beero-tufaaxeedyada. Midabada [[tincture (heraldry)|midabada hiddaha]] ee lacagta iyo guduudka waxay ka yimaadaan calanka ay wateen Sayidyadii Mansbach, [[Electorate of Hesse]] iyo bulshada Ransbach. Qaybta gyronny - qaabka khadadka qaybsanaanta ee ka soo baxaya bartamaha [[escutcheon (heraldry)|gaashaanka]] - sidoo kale waxay ka timaaddaa calanka qoyska von Mansbach. == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == === Matxafyada === [[Image:Hohenroda mansbach geysoschloss.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Renaissance (''Geyso Schloss'') ee Mansbach]] * ''Heimatstube'' (qolka taariikhda maxalliga ah) oo ku jira garabka [[Timber framing|alwaaxa ah]] ee ''Geyso-Schloss'' ee Mansbach. Halkaan waxaa degganaa darawalada gaari-fardoodka * ''Heimatstube'' oo ku taal bulshada ka tirsan ee Ausbach * Matxafka Ransbach * Boosteejada dokumentiyada xadka ee xadka hore ee la lahaa [[East Germany]] === Dhismayaasha === * [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] Kaniisadda tuulada ee Mansbach. Qaybaha ugu da'da weyn waxaa laga helaa gabalka heesaha, oo dib u isu-geynaya dhagaxyo loo qaabeeyey jinniyo si ay u celiyaan xoogagga xun. Aasaaskan iyada ah, qarnigii 15-aad, waxaa la dhisay qaab gothic ah. Dhismaha gudaha wuxuu ka soo jeedaa xilligii renaissance, oo loo isticmaali jiray qalcad ahaan tuugada. Daaqadaha yar yar iyo derbiyada dhumucdiisuna waxay yihiin markhaatiyaal. Qarnigii 17-aad ee dambe Christian Bamberger wuxuu qolka u beddelay waxa aan maanta aragno. Waxaa jira balakoonno, oo lagu sawiray sawirro ama soo xiganaya Kitaabka Quduuska ah. Xubinta muusigga waxaa la dhisay qarnigii 18-aad ee dambe waxayna weli ku dhowdahay sidii hore. Saqafka alwaaxa ah ee qalloocan waxaa lagu sawiray malaa'igayaal tumaya qalabka baroque iyo qorrax, oo ku wareegsan magaca Jahwe, oo lagu qoray af-Hebrew. Kaniisaddu waa tii ugu horreysay ee noocaan ah ee Hesse. * Unterhof (''Blaues Schloss'' ama Qasriga Buluugga ah) laga soo bilaabo 1569 (deegaankii qoyska von Mansbach) * Qasriga Geyso (1577–1578) ee Mansbach Sonnenuhrgebäude (Qasriga Renaissance, oo la adkeeyay). * Grasburg (nidaamka xayndaabyada iyo derbiyada qaxootiga) oo u dhow Mansbach (qarnigii 8-aad) Asal Celt ah? Laakiin dagaalkii 1618–1648 dadku waxay u isticmaali jireen inay xoojiyaan buuraha dushooda si ay uga baxsadaan cadowga. Sahanno qaddiimi ah ayaa dhacay 1930-meeyadii. Ma jiro wax caddayn ah oo nolosha maalinlaha ah oo la helay. Gabagabadu waxay tahay, in Grasburg uu ahaa meel lagu dhuunto waqtiga khataraha, oo la xoojiyay. Sida laga soo xigtay sheekooyinka ka yimid Schenklengsfeld, oo ah tuulo ku taal deriska, oo sheegaysa in tuugadu ay isku dayeen inay ku dhuuntaan godad la yiraahdo "Kroatenlöcher" (Ciraaqiyiin calooshood u shaqeystayaal ah ayaa ku dagaallamay dagaalkaas). Kanaalada iyo derbiyada si cad ayaa looga arki karaa meeshaas, iyagoo ku xiraya qayb ku dhow wareeg ah, hal dariiq oo taabanaya dhagax-bax, dhanka kalena oggolaanaya marin cidhiidhi ah oo ah albaab laga galo. * Xabaalaha Yuhuudda ee Mansbach. Mansbach waxay lahayd bulsho Yuhuud ah oo barwaaqo ah. Xabaashu waa markhaati. Dhagaxyo qaar ayaa laga helay webi yar, oo ku xirnaa si loo nidaamiyo socodkiisa. Dhagaxyadaas waxaa dib loogu celiyay xabaalaha. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} aarc6bjbtrn3wdm2e4hqqm21wsldv61 Hohenroth 0 51255 306203 2026-08-30T14:39:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hohenroth COA.svg |image_photo = Kirche hohenroth NES sm.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Dhalashada Gabadha Maryan |coordinates = {{coord|50|19|N|10|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenroth in NES.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Rhön-Grabfeld |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Neustadt an der Saale |elevation = 273-302 |area = 17.14 |postal_code = 97618 |area_code = 09771 |licence = NES |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 73 135 |website = [http://www.hohenroth.de www.hohenroth.de] |mayor = Georg Straub<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Hohenroth''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rhön-Grabfeld]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4hi1kzi1r1utcdthxn7cg4ss1925jjt Hohenwarte 0 51256 306204 2026-08-30T14:42:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|N|11|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenwarte in SLF.png |state = |district = Saalfeld-Rudolstadt |elevation = 253 |area = 6.31 |postal_code = 07338 |area_code = 036733 |licence = SLF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 73 035 |mayor = Manfred Drieling<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 10 January 2023.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Hohenwarte''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhoːənˌvaʁtə}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saalfeld-Rudolstadt]], ee gobolka [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == Degmadani waxay ku taal Naturpark Thüringer Schiefergebirge-Obere Saale oo ku taal Hohenwarte-Stausee. == Taariikh == Honewarte waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1361. Meeshani waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay degmada Schwarzburg-Menschenberg, kadibna burburkeedii ilaa 1564 ilaa 1918 waxay hoos imaanaysay madaxbannaanida Schwarzburg-Rudolstädter ee degmada (imaaraadka) [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]. Howlgalka warshadaha shiididda ayaa qaabeeyey magaalada yar ee ku taal wabiga [[Saale]] qarniyo badan. Shirkadda [[Rudolstadt]] ee Grosch & Zitkow ayaa ka dhistay warshad kartoon ah Hohenwarte sanadkii 1904. Tirada dadweynaha ayaa si तेजी ah u korartay iyada oo ay soo galeen shaqaale badan. Dhismaha biyo-xireenka Hohenwarte ayaa si aad ah u beddelay muuqaalka magaalada. Kaniisadda Hohenwarte waxaa dib loo dhisay 1934–38 si ay u beddesho kaniisaddii lumay ee Presswitz. Shaqaalaha ka shaqaynayay warshadda tamarta biyaha ee [[pumped-storage hydroelectricity]] ee Hohenwarte ayaa loo dhisay dhismayaal guryo cusub ah. Sontankii 1960-meeyadii magaaladu waxay lahayd in ka badan 300 oo deganaa. Laga soo bilaabo [[Peaceful Revolution|Die Wende]], magaaladu waxay si gaar ah u saameeyeen isbeddelka dadweynaha; tirada dadweynaha ayaa in ka badan kala bar dhimatay. Sanadihii u dambeeyay, tirada dadweynaha ayaa ka korartay 140 ilaa 180. Laga soo bilaabo 1993 ilaa 1995 degmadu waxay ka tirsanayd [[municipal associations in Thuringia|ururka degmada]] ee Saale-Loquitz . Markii la burburiyay tan Oktoobar 19, 1995, Kaulsdorf ayaa la wareegtay waajibaadkii maamulka ee Hohenwarte. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ttddclz8ld1juurlxzcnzkm3rxb4orr Hohenzieritz 0 51257 306205 2026-08-30T14:49:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|26|37|N|13|05|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohenzieritz in MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Neustrelitz-Land |elevation = 85 |area = 20.17 |postal_code = 17237 |area_code = 039824, 039826 |licence = MST |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 066 |website = [http://www.amtneustrelitz-land.de www.amtneustrelitz-land.de] |mayor = Bernhard Utesch }} [[File:Hohenzieritz castle.jpg|thumb|left|Qasriga Hohenzieritz]] [[File:Hohenzieritz Alte Schmiede.jpg|thumb|left|Madbakhkii hore]] '''Hohenzieritz''' waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] ayaa ku dhimatay halkaan 1810. == Tixraacyo == {{commons category}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} n05hxh8zdnombre808jh8w7hi0xti17 Höhfröschen 0 51258 306206 2026-08-30T14:52:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Hoehfroeschen-06-gje.jpg |image_coa = DEU Höhfröschen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|14|48|N|7|33|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höhfröschen in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Thaleischweiler-Wallhalben |elevation = 344 |area = 4.17 |postal_code = 66989 |area_code = 06334 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 024 |mayor = Gerhard Hoffmann<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südwestpfalz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Höhfröschen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Südwestpfalz]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hohfroschen}} j98k2iyoffcfhqjxpt2mnezsngg6m77 Hohndorf 0 51259 306207 2026-08-30T14:54:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Hohndorf im Frühling. Erzgebirgskreis, Sachsen 2H1A0954WI.jpg |image_coa = Wappen Hohndorf.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|44|44|N|12|40|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohndorf in ERZ.png |state = |district = Erzgebirgskreis |elevation = 363 |area = 5.26 |postal_code = 09394 |area_code = 037298, 037204 |licence = ERZ, ANA, ASZ, AU, MAB, MEK, STL, SZB, ZP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14521290 |website = [https://www.hohndorf.com/ www.hohndorf.com] |mayor = Lutz Rosenlöcher<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-wahlergebnisse-2022.php Wahlergebnisse 2022], [[Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen]]. Retrieved 6 July 2023.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Hohndorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Erzgebirgskreis]], ee gobolka [[Saxony|Sachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} gff9xa79qzcm7zqdhrx3aldixw50a6g Höhndorf 0 51260 306208 2026-08-30T14:55:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Höhndorf.png |image_coa = DEU Höhndorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|22|N|10|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hoehndorf in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Probstei |elevation = 42 |area = 5.63 |postal_code = 24217 |area_code = 04344 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 028 |website = [http://www.amt-probstei.de/ www.amt-probstei.de] |mayor = Marco Eck }} '''Höhndorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Plön (district)|Plön]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Walter Höhndorf]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hohndorf}} 4z1mlth5kf35pn0shblbv0hy09cbm3s Hohnhorst 0 51261 306209 2026-08-30T14:57:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|22|N|9|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohnhorst in SHG.svg |state = |district = Schaumburg |Samtgemeinde = Nenndorf |elevation = 60 |area = 12 |postal_code = 31559 |area_code = 05723 |licence = SHG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 016 |divisions = 6 |website = [http://www.hohnhorst-online.de/ www.hohnhorst-online.de] |mayor = Otto Lattwesen |party = CDU }} '''Hohnhorst''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schaumburg]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} p7oph2fu43sl1q1wg4v97pin8ldm6i2 Hohnstorf 0 51262 306210 2026-08-30T14:58:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hohnstorf (Elbe) COA.svg |image_skyline = |image_caption = |coordinates = {{coord|53|22|N|10|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hohnstorf in LG.svg |state = |district = Lüneburg |Samtgemeinde = Scharnebeck |elevation = 4 |area = 10.22 |postal_code = 21522 |area_code = 04139 |licence = LG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 019 |divisions = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = https://www.hohnstorf.de/ |mayor = Dirk Lindemann |party = CDU }} '''Hohnstorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lüneburg (district)|Lüneburg]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} a3mhrwvc3ccb7bvv4ctmw28lt947ym5 Hoisdorf 0 51263 306211 2026-08-30T15:00:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hoisdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|39|12|N|10|19|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hoisdorf in OD.svg |state = |district = Stormarn |Amt = Siek |elevation = 58 |area = 35.71 |postal_code = 22955 |area_code = 04107 |licence = OD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 62 035 |website = [http://www.amtsiek.de/ www.amtsiek.de] |mayor = Dieter Schippmann |party = }} '''Hoisdorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Stormarn (district)|Stormarn]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} o0yqsrz1n4gfjwzfm0zus99ro46odoj Holthusen 0 51264 306212 2026-08-30T15:02:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Holthusen.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|32|N|11|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Holthusen in LUP.svg |image_photo = Holthusen Stein mit Wappen 2013-05-06 1.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Stralendorf |elevation = 49 |area = 20.58 |postal_code = 19075 |area_code = 03865 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 063 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.gemeinde-holthusen.de www.gemeinde-holthusen.de] |mayor = Christel Deichmann |party = SPD }} '''Holthusen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 14f1whjmx5spvosqwmvf0wottp6vpii Holtland 0 51265 306213 2026-08-30T15:04:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|53|16|N|7|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Holtland in LER.svg |state = |district = Leer |Samtgemeinde = Hesel |elevation = 4 |area = 14.66 |postal_code = 26835 |area_code = 0 49 50 |licence = LER |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 57 011 |mayor = Uwe Themann |party = SPD }} '''Holtland''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Leer (district)|Leer]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} j2qu05spxc6yv7hms53i713r8u9g7q5 Holtsee 0 51266 306214 2026-08-30T15:05:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Holtsee.png |image_coa = DEU Holtsee COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|24|N|9|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Holtsee in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Hüttener Berge |elevation = 23 |area = 21.71 |postal_code = 24363 |area_code = 04351, 04357 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 080 |website = [http://www.amt-huettener-berge.de/ www.amt-huettener-<br />berge.de] |mayor = Jens-Peter Frank |party = SPD }} '''Holtsee''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Goobta Holtsee waxay ku taal koonfurta degmada [[Goosefeld]] ama [[Altenhof, Schleswig-Holstein|Altenhof]], laakiin waa waqooyiga [[Sehestedt]] ama [[Lindau]], iyo bariga [[Haby, Schleswig-Holstein|Haby]]. Sida ku cad Tirakoobkii 2022, Holtsee waxay leedahay dad gaaraya 790 waxayna daboolaysaa bedka 0.6426 km². Holtsee waxay u dhowdahay Gacanka Eckernförde, oo ah meel dalxiis oo xeebta caan ah. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mqdz3u42kxuvav5vn2nvikobav6uvom Holzbunge 0 51267 306215 2026-08-30T15:07:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Holzbunge.png |image_coa = DEU Holzbunge COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|22|N|9|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Holzbunge in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Hüttener Berge |elevation = 19 |area = 5.19 |postal_code = 24361 |area_code = 04356 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 081 |website = [http://www.amt-huettener-berge.de/ www.amt-huettener-<br />berge.de] |mayor = Klaus Koll |party = }} '''Holzbunge''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hfnbzfdkbgrv0u5tewd0fwude06bw67 Holzdorf 0 51268 306216 2026-08-30T15:09:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Holzdorf<br><small>Holstoft</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Holzdorf (Schleswig-Holstein) COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|32|N|9|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Holzdorf in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Schlei-Ostsee |elevation = 24 |area = 17.35 |postal_code = 24364 |area_code = 04352 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 082 |website = [http://www.amt-schlei-ostsee.de www.amt-schlei-<br />ostsee.de] |mayor = Sylvia Green-Meschke |party = }} '''Holzdorf''' ({{langx|da|Holstoft, Holtrup}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} e3gaegg2qb1fmzp56zn2teil2skntw5 Jilista Shakespeare 0 51269 306217 2026-08-30T18:11:50Z Tilod 47181 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369908287|Acting Shakespeare]]" 306217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Acting Shakespeare''''' waa bandhig hal qof ah oo ka kooban sheekooyin Shakespeare ah oo lagu dhex daray sheekooyin masraxeed oo uu sameeyay Ian McKellen . McKellen wuxuu markii ugu horreysay ku soo bandhigay [[Iskandanefiyan|Scandinavia]] sanadkii 1980, ka dibna wuxuu ku soo bandhigay adduunka oo dhan. Bandhiggii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ka dhacay Jersey Opera House sanadkii 1990. Sannadkii 1993 McKellen wuxuu sameeyay nooc kale oo ka mid ah bandhiggan hal-qofka ah, '''''{{Apostrophe}} A Knight Out {{Apostrophe}}''''' (isagoo adeegsanaya riwaayadda ereyga ah natiijada ka dhalatay markii loo magacaabay abaalmarinta geesinimada sannadkii 1991) laakiin markan wuxuu diiradda saarayaa, iyo sidoo kale doorarka masraxa, doorarkiisa filim ee sii kordhaya. Sida ''jilaaga Shakespeare'', wuxuu ku safray England, Europe iyo America isagoo si weyn loogu amaanay. Qaabkii ka horreeyay bandhiggan wuxuu ahaa filimka John Gielgud ee ''The Ages of Man'', kaas oo ka koobnaa Gielgud oo hor yaallay dhagaystayaal oo ay ku jiraan khudbado iyo sheekooyin isku dhafan. jhsm00tsgskx77xjh6fwacdbmuk8xrz 306220 306217 2026-08-30T18:27:33Z Isma4l 41797 306220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox play | image = | name = Jilista Shakespeare | writer = Ian McKellen & William Shakespeare | genre = Bandhig hal qof ah | premiere_date = 3 March 1980 | premiere_place = Matxafka Qaranka ee Denmark | original_language = Ingiriis }} '''''Jilista Shakespeare''''' waa bandhig hal nin ah oo ka kooban Shakespearean hadallo keligood ah oo ay ku dhex jiraan sheekooyin tiyaatar ah oo uu soo abaabulay isla markaana uu jilay Ian McKellen. McKellen wuxuu markii ugu horreysay ku bandhigay riwaayaddan Scandinavia 1980 wuxuuna markii dambe ka jeediyay adduunka oo dhan. Waxaa baahiyay PBS 1982. Bandhigii Broadway ee 1984, McKellen wuxuu helay Abaalmarinta Drama Desk ee Bandhigga Hal-Qof ee Ugu Wanaagsan iyo magacaabid Abaalmarinta Tony. Wuxuu helay oggolaansho caalami ah iyadoo qaar ay ugu yeereen "Olivier-kii cusub" iyo "Jilaagii classical-ka ahaa ee ugu weynaa jiilkeenna." Bandhiggii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ka dhacay Jersey Opera House 1990, ilaa laga soo nooleeyay 2022 oo ay sameysay Shirkadda Tiyaatarka ee Irvington Shakespeare. 1993 McKellen wuxuu soo saaray nooc kale oo ka mid ah bandhiggan hal-ninka ah, '''''{{'}}A Knight Out{{'}}''''' (isagoo adeegsanaya erey ciyaar ka dhalatay in lagu sharfay horyaalnimo 1991) laakiin markan wuxuu diiradda saarayaa, marka laga reebo doorka masraxa, doorkiisii ​​filim ee sii kordhaya. Sida ''Jilista Shakespeare'', wuxuu ku soo wareegay England, Yurub iyo Ameerika isagoo helay ammaan weyn. Hordhac u ahaa qaabka bandhiggan wuxuu ahaa John Gielgud's ''Da'da Aadanaha'', oo ka koobnahaa Gielgud oo hortagaya dhagaystayaal isugu jira khudbado iyo sheekooyin. Sanadkii 2022, jilaa Kamran Saliani iyo Shirkadda Tiyaatarka ee Irvington Shakespeare waxaa la siiyay ogolaansho gaar ah oo uga timid Sir Ian McKellen si ay dib ugu soo nooleeyaan bandhigga gobolka Lower Hudson Valley ee New York, iyagoo kala kaashanaya Tiyaatarka Irvington.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehudsonindependent.com/the-bard-is-back-in-the-rivertowns-with-iscs-acting-shakespeare/|title=The Bard is Back in the Rivertowns with ISC's "Acting Shakespeare"|website=The Hudson Independent|date=28 February 2022 }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{ibdb title|id=4331}} *{{IMDb title|qid=Q123495027|title=Acting Shakespeare}} {{Authority control}} cechmdut15xrn0x65scr4m8gp9fwcot 306224 306220 2026-08-30T18:32:25Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l wareejiyay bogga [[Acting Shakespeare]] ilaa [[Jilista Shakespeare]] oo aan ka tagin sii toosin 306220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox play | image = | name = Jilista Shakespeare | writer = Ian McKellen & William Shakespeare | genre = Bandhig hal qof ah | premiere_date = 3 March 1980 | premiere_place = Matxafka Qaranka ee Denmark | original_language = Ingiriis }} '''''Jilista Shakespeare''''' waa bandhig hal nin ah oo ka kooban Shakespearean hadallo keligood ah oo ay ku dhex jiraan sheekooyin tiyaatar ah oo uu soo abaabulay isla markaana uu jilay Ian McKellen. McKellen wuxuu markii ugu horreysay ku bandhigay riwaayaddan Scandinavia 1980 wuxuuna markii dambe ka jeediyay adduunka oo dhan. Waxaa baahiyay PBS 1982. Bandhigii Broadway ee 1984, McKellen wuxuu helay Abaalmarinta Drama Desk ee Bandhigga Hal-Qof ee Ugu Wanaagsan iyo magacaabid Abaalmarinta Tony. Wuxuu helay oggolaansho caalami ah iyadoo qaar ay ugu yeereen "Olivier-kii cusub" iyo "Jilaagii classical-ka ahaa ee ugu weynaa jiilkeenna." Bandhiggii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ka dhacay Jersey Opera House 1990, ilaa laga soo nooleeyay 2022 oo ay sameysay Shirkadda Tiyaatarka ee Irvington Shakespeare. 1993 McKellen wuxuu soo saaray nooc kale oo ka mid ah bandhiggan hal-ninka ah, '''''{{'}}A Knight Out{{'}}''''' (isagoo adeegsanaya erey ciyaar ka dhalatay in lagu sharfay horyaalnimo 1991) laakiin markan wuxuu diiradda saarayaa, marka laga reebo doorka masraxa, doorkiisii ​​filim ee sii kordhaya. Sida ''Jilista Shakespeare'', wuxuu ku soo wareegay England, Yurub iyo Ameerika isagoo helay ammaan weyn. Hordhac u ahaa qaabka bandhiggan wuxuu ahaa John Gielgud's ''Da'da Aadanaha'', oo ka koobnahaa Gielgud oo hortagaya dhagaystayaal isugu jira khudbado iyo sheekooyin. Sanadkii 2022, jilaa Kamran Saliani iyo Shirkadda Tiyaatarka ee Irvington Shakespeare waxaa la siiyay ogolaansho gaar ah oo uga timid Sir Ian McKellen si ay dib ugu soo nooleeyaan bandhigga gobolka Lower Hudson Valley ee New York, iyagoo kala kaashanaya Tiyaatarka Irvington.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehudsonindependent.com/the-bard-is-back-in-the-rivertowns-with-iscs-acting-shakespeare/|title=The Bard is Back in the Rivertowns with ISC's "Acting Shakespeare"|website=The Hudson Independent|date=28 February 2022 }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{ibdb title|id=4331}} *{{IMDb title|qid=Q123495027|title=Acting Shakespeare}} {{Authority control}} cechmdut15xrn0x65scr4m8gp9fwcot Template:Infobox play 10 51270 306218 2026-08-30T18:23:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306218 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Infobox | italic title = {{{italic_title|}}} | bodyclass = vevent | above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | aboveclass = summary | abovestyle = font-style: italic | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|upright={{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} | labelstyle = white-space: nowrap | headerstyle = background-color:#eaecf0;color:var(--color-base,#202122); 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box-shadow:.1em .1em .5em rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); box-shadow:.1em .1em .5em light-dark(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75));</includeonly><noinclude> <!-- ADD CATEGORIES THE /doc PAGE, NOT HERE, THANKS --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 0hfgiv56n35y24fra6dc843rrjaew57 Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo 0 51278 306228 2026-08-30T20:46:53Z Tilod 47181 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372192685|Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo]]" 306228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo''' waa weedho afka [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]] ah oo si naxwaha ah sax ah u ah oo inta badan loo soo bandhigo tusaale ahaan sida loo isticmaali karo magacyada isku-dhafan iyo isku-dhafka ah si loo 8hxf0rmh618ecplfrk73fu64vy32m8r 306229 306228 2026-08-30T21:05:14Z Isma4l 41797 306229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Buffalo sentence 1 parse tree.svg|right |320px|thumb|Simplified [[parse tree]]<br /> {{image key|list type=unbulleted |S – [[sentence (linguistics)|sentence]] |NP – [[noun phrase]] |RC – [[relative clause]] |VP – [[verb phrase]] |PN – [[noun#Proper nouns and common nouns|proper noun]] |N – [[noun]] |V – [[verb]] }}]] [[File:Buffalo (5617485389).jpg|thumb|Magaalada [[Buffalo, New York]]]] [[File:Bison bison DSC03293.jpg|thumb|[[American bison]], oo si caadi ah loogu tixraaco ''buffalo'']] '''Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo''' waa [[Grammaticality|jumlad]] ku saxsan [[Grammaticality|naxwaha]] luqadda [[English Language|Ingiriiska]] taas oo inta badan loo soo bandhigo tusaale ahaan sida [[homonym|erayada isku dhawaaqa ama isku qoraalka ah]] iyo [[homophone|erayada isku dhawaaqa ah]] loo adeegsan karo si loo abuuro qaab-dhismeed luqadeed oo adag iyada oo loo marayo [[lexical ambiguity|mideyn laba-leh]]. Waxaa lagaga dooday suugaanta siyaabo kala duwan ilaa 1965, markaas oo ay ka soo muuqatay buuggii [[Dmitri Borgmann]] ee ''[[Beyond Language: Adventures in Word and Thought]]''. Qaab macno ahaan u dhigma oo ilaalinaya habayntii ereyada asalka ah waa: "Buffalonian bison [oo ay kale] Buffalonian bison dhibaateeyaan [sidoo kale] dhibaateeyaan Buffalonian bison." == Dhismaha Jumlada == [[File:Buffalo sentence diagram.svg|right|thumb|[[Reed–Kellogg diagram]] ee jumlada]] Jumladu waa mid aan lahayn calaamadaha hakadka waxayna isticmaashaa saddex macne oo kala duwan oo erayga "buffalo" ah. Sida ay u kala horreeyaan isticmaalkooda ugu horreeya, kuwani waa: * '''a.''' magaalo la yiraahdo Buffalo. Tan waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii [[noun adjunct|kordhin magac]] oo ku jirta jumlada; * '''n.''' [[noun|magaca]] ''buffalo'', oo ah xayawaan, oo ah jamac (oo u dhigma "buffaloes" ama "buffalos"), si looga fogaado [[article (grammar)|maqaallada]]. * '''v.''' [[verb|ficilka]] "[[wikt:buffalo#Verb|buffalo]]" oo macnaheedu yahay in la dhaafo, la wareero, la qiyaano, la cabburiyo, ama la wareeriyo. Jumladu waa mid ku saabsan [[Syntactic ambiguity|dhanka naxwaha oo laba-leh]]; hal falanqeyn oo suurtagal ah (oo lagu calaamadinayo "buffalo" kasta qaybteeda hadalka sida kor ku xusan) waa sida soo socota: {{in5}}Buffalo<sup>a</sup> buffalo<sup>n</sup> Buffalo<sup>a</sup> buffalo<sup>n</sup> buffalo<sup>v</sup> buffalo<sup>v</sup> Buffalo<sup>a</sup> buffalo<sup>n</sup>. Marka loo kala saaro dhanka naxwaha, tani waxay u dhigantaa: [(Buffalonian bison) (Buffalonian bison intimidate)] intimidate (Buffalonian bison). Maaddaama jumladu leedahay [[restrictive clause|weero xaddidan]], ma jiri karaan wax hakad ah. Magac-u-yaalka xiriirinta ah ee "which" ama "that" waxay ka muuqan karaan inta u dhaxaysa ereyada labaad iyo saddexaad ee jumlada, sida ku jirta ''Buffalo buffalo that Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo''; marka magac-u-yaalkan la tago, weerada xiriirinta ah waxay noqotaa [[reduced relative clause|weero xiriirin oo la soo koobay]]. Qaab la ballaariyay oo ah jumlada oo ilaalisa habayntii ereyada asalka ah waa: "Buffalo bison that other Buffalo bison bully also bully Buffalo bison." Haddaba, [[parsing|falanqaynta]] jumladu waxay sheeganeysaa in bison-ta ''ay cabburiyeen ama dhibaateeyeen bison'' ay iyagu isku dayaan inay ''cabburiyaan ama dhibaateeyaan bison'' (ugu yaraan magaalada Buffalo – si dadban, Buffalo, New York): #Buffalo buffalo (xayawaannada lagu magacaabo "buffalo" ee ka yimid magaalada Buffalo) [oo ay] Buffalo buffalo buffalo (in noocaas ah ee xayawaannada ka yimid magaalada ay dhibaateeyaan) buffalo Buffalo buffalo (dhibeeyaan xayawaannadan ka yimid magaaladaas). #[Kuwani] buffalo(es) ka yimid Buffalo [ee ay dhibaateeyeen] buffalo(es) ka yimid Buffalo waxay dhibaateeyaan buffalo(es) ka yimid Buffalo. #Bison ka yimid Buffalo, New York, oo ay dhibaateeyeen bison kale oo bulshadooda ah ayaa iyaguna dhankooda dhibaateeya bison kale oo bulshadooda ah. #''The'' buffalo ''ka yimid'' Buffalo ''ee ay'' buffalo''eeyeen'' buffalo ''ka yimid'' Buffalo buffalo (ficiil) ''kale'' buffalo ''ka yimid'' Buffalo. #Buffalo buffalo (farta ugu weyn ee mawduuca) [in] Buffalo buffalo ([[subordinate clause|weerada hoose]] mawduuca) buffalo (weerada hoose ficiilka) iyaguna buffalo ([[main clause|weerada ugu weyn]] ficiilka) Buffalo buffalo (weerada ugu weyn shayga tooska ah). #Buffalo ka yimid Buffalo [in] buffalo [ka yimid] Buffalo buffalo [iyaguna] buffalo buffalo [ka yimid] Buffalo. [[File:Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_sentence_diagram.jpg|thumb|Shax sharxaysa jumlada]] [[File:Buffalo-comparison sentence.svg|thumb|Shax isticmaalaysa isbarbardhig si loo sharxo jumlada buffalo]] === Isticmaalka === [[Thomas Tymoczko]] wuxuu tilmaamay inaysan jirin wax gaar ah oo ku saabsan siddeed "buffalos";<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sweet Reason: A Field Guide to Modern Logic|last1=Henle|first1=James|last2=Garfield|first2=Jay|last3=Tymoczko|first3=Thomas|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2011|isbn=978-1118078631}}</ref> jumlad kasta oo ka kooban oo keliya erayga "buffalo" ee la celceliyay tiro kasta waa mid sax ah naxwaha ahaan. Midda ugu gaaban waa "Buffalo!", taas oo loo qaadan karo tilmaan [[imperative mood|ficiil amar ah]] oo lagu dhibaateeyo qof ("[Adigu,] buffalo!") iyadoo la saaray mawduuca la tilmaamay ee "you" oo la tirtiray,<ref name="sweet" />{{rp|99–100, 104}} ama, sida qaylo-dhaan magac ah, oo muujinaysa tusaale ahaan in buffalo la arkay, ama sida qaylo-dhaan sifo ah, tusaale ahaan jawaab ahaan su'aasha, "xaggee baad ka timid?" Jumladaha ka dheer siddeed eray waxaa lagu dhisi karaa iyadoo lagu darayo weedho xiriirin oo dheeraad ah. Tymoczko wuxuu isticmaalaa jumladada tusaale ahaan muujinaysa [[rewrite rule|xeerarka dib-u-qorista]] ee luqadshaha.<ref name="sweet" />{{rp|104–105}} == Asalka == Fikradda ah in qof dhihi karo wuxuu dhisi karaa jumlad naxwahan sax ah oo ka kooban wax aan ahayn celcelinta "buffalo" ayaa si [[Multiple discovery|madaxbannaan loo helay]] dhawr jeer qarnigii 20-aad. Tusaalihii qoran ee ugu horreeyay ee la og yahay, "Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo", wuxuu ka muuqdaa qoraalkii asalka ahaa ee buuggii [[Dmitri Borgmann]] ee 1965 [[Language on Vacation]], inkastoo cutubkii ku jiray laga reebay nooca la daabacay.<ref name="apocrypha" /> Borgmann wuxuu dib u isticmaalay qaar ka mid ah agabkii cutubkan, oo ay ku jirto jumlada "buffalo", buugiisa 1967, [[Beyond Language: Adventures in Word and Thought]].<ref name="borgmann" />{{rp|290}} Sanadkii 1972, [[William J. Rapaport]], oo markaas ahaa arday qalin-jabiyay oo ka tirsan [[Indiana University]], wuxuu la imid noocyo ay ku jiraan shan iyo toban jeer oo "buffalo" ah.<ref name="history" /> Dambena wuxuu isticmaalay labada nooc ee wax-barashadiisa, iyo 1992 wuxuu ku dhajiyay [[LINGUIST List]].<ref name="history" /><ref name="Linguistlist" /> Jumlad leh siddeed buffalo oo is xiga ayaa ka muuqata buuggii [[Steven Pinker]] ee 1994 [[The Language Instinct]] tusaale ahaan jumlad "u muuqata mid aan macno lahayn" laakiin sax ah naxwaha ahaan. Pinker wuxuu magacaabay ardaygiisa, [[Ann Senghas]], inay tahay qofkii hal-abuurtay jumlada.<ref name="pinker" />{{rp|210}} Hadday ahaato Rapaport, Pinker, ama Senghas midkoodna bilowgii ma ogeyn hal-abuuryadii hore.<ref name="history" /> Pinker wuxuu bartay tusaalihii hore ee Rapaport kaliya 1994, waxaana Rapaport la ogeysiiyay jumladay Borgmann ilaa 2006.<ref name="history" /> Noocyada cajiibka ah ee luqadshahan waxaa lagu dhisi karaa erayada kale ee sida oo kale ah isku mar u adeega sida [[collective noun|magaca wadareed]], sifo, iyo ficiil, kuwaas oo qaarkoodaysan u baahnayn far-weyn (sida "police").<ref name="gaertner" /> Police waa magac, (boolis) ficiil, (waxa uu boolisku sameeyo) iyo [[Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship|magaalada ku taal Poland]]. == Tixraacyo == <references> <ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/buffalobuffalo.html |title=A History of the Sentence 'Buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.' |last=Rapaport |first=William J. |author-link=William J. Rapaport |date=5 October 2012 |website=University at Buffalo Computer Science and Engineering |access-date=7 December 2014 |archive-date=21 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621162601/http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/buffalobuffalo.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Linguistlist">{{cite web |url=https://linguistlist.org/issues/3/3-175/ |title=Message 1: Re: 3.154 Parsing Challenges |last=Rapaport |first=William J. |author-link=William J. Rapaport |date=19 February 1992 |website=[[LINGUIST List]] |access-date=14 September 2006 |archive-date=19 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019180523/http://linguistlist.org/issues/3/3-175.html#1 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="apocrypha">{{cite journal |author-link=A. Ross Eckler, Jr. | last=Eckler | first=A. Ross Jr. |date=November 2005 |title=The Borgmann Apocrypha |url=http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/wordways/vol38/iss4/4/ |journal=[[Word Ways: The Journal of Recreational Linguistics]] |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=258–260 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=1 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101221036/http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/wordways/vol38/iss4/4/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="pinker">{{cite book |last=Pinker |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Pinker |date=1994 |title=[[The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language]] |location=New York|publisher=William Morrow and Company, Inc. }}</ref> <ref name="sweet">{{Cite book | year=2000 | title=Sweet reason: a field guide to modern logic | author1=Thomas Tymoczko | author2=James M. Henle | edition=2 | publisher=Birkhäuser | isbn=978-0-387-98930-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQnsSuvP9dAC&pg=PA99 | access-date=23 September 2016 | archive-date=22 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422112819/https://books.google.com/books?id=LQnsSuvP9dAC&pg=PA99 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="borgmann">{{cite book |title=[[Beyond Language: Adventures in Word and Thought]] |first=Dmitri A. |last=Borgmann |author-link=Dmitri Borgmann |location=New York |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |oclc=655067975 |year=1967 }}</ref> <ref name="gaertner">{{cite book |last=Gärtner |first=Hans-Martin |date=2002 |title=Generalized Transformations and Beyond |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Akademie Verlag]] |page=58 |isbn=978-3050032467 }}</ref> </references> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Spoken Wikipedia|buffalo8.ogg|date=9 December 2006}} {{wiktionary|buffalo}} * [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001817.html Buffaloing buffalo] at ''[[Language Log]]'', 20 January 2005 * Easdown, David. {{cite web|url= http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/pubs/publist/preprints/2006/easdown-13.pdf |title=Teaching mathematics: The gulf between semantics (meaning) and syntax (form) }}&nbsp;{{small|(273&nbsp;KB)}} * [[William J. Rapaport]], [https://cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/BuffaloBuffalo/buffalobuffalo.html A History of the Sentence "Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo."] co5zw3cd0wp3tijjkive1szff2a92lg Template:Image key 10 51279 306230 2026-08-30T21:05:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306230 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Image key/styles.css" />{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:list|{{#switch:{{{list type|}}} |bulleted=bulleted |ordered=ordered |unbulleted |plainlist |#default=unbulleted}}|class=image-key {{#switch:{{{thumb size|}}}|wide=image-key-wide|narrow=image-key-narrow|#default=}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} [[Category:Legend templates]] </noinclude> 2k26w5nmt0xt7u9atxz8rvq35f6kk4o Template:Image key/styles.css 10 51280 306231 2026-08-30T21:06:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ /* we add figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] so that there is a lesser chance of these styles being used for nefarious general purposes :) if/when necessary to support some other kind of figures, can be added then */ figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key > ol { margin-left: 1.3em; margin-top: 0; } figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key > ul { margin-top: 0; } figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key li { page-break-inside: avoid; break-insi... 306231 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* we add figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] so that there is a lesser chance of these styles being used for nefarious general purposes :) if/when necessary to support some other kind of figures, can be added then */ figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key > ol { margin-left: 1.3em; margin-top: 0; } figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key > ul { margin-top: 0; } figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key li { page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; } /* support mobile with queries */ @media (min-width: 300px) { figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key, figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-wide { column-count: 2; } figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-narrow { column-count: 1; } } @media (min-width: 450px) { figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-wide { column-count: 3; } } e4vumdvbak9v2dad3cy4d67x6fmupp5 Template:Structurae 10 51281 306232 2026-08-30T21:08:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P454}} | [https://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P454}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name|{{{title<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name|{{{title}}}}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at ''{{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|Structurae|[[Structurae]]}}''{{#if: {{{3|{{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}}}} |. Retrieved {{Trim|{{{3|{{{access-date|{{{accessdate}}}}}}}}}}}.}}<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P454|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly>{{Wikidata check|property=P454|value={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|category=Structurae ID|namespaces=0|nocatsame=1}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:Structurae|Structurae]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{Main other|[[Category:Structurae template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata --> </noinclude> febag0yi9wy3p459vh5awbu618o9btz Template:Stortingetbio 10 51282 306233 2026-08-30T21:09:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cite web|url=https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representantfordeling/Representant/?perid={{{1|{{{id|{{#property:P3072|[[Category:Stortingetbio template with no id set]]}}}}}}}}&tab=Biography|title={{{2|{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}|publisher=[[Storting]]|language=no|access-date={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 1pmc2t5bf8psqg9bbvoqiwoye2txkq8 Template:Notelist-talk 10 51283 306234 2026-08-30T21:10:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other |1={{error|Not for use in articles, use {{tl|notelist}} instead.}}[[Category:Pages with templates in the wrong namespace]] |2=<templatestyles src="Reflist-talk/styles.css" /><div class="reflist-talk" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}> <p class="reflist-talk-title">{{{title|Qoraallo}}}</p> {{notelist|{{{1|{{{colwidth|}}}}}}|refs={{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}} </div>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> i4rfk56efrw3eirwt8lajvi6symef89 Template:Rtl-para 10 51284 306235 2026-08-30T21:12:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306235 wikitext text/x-wiki <div dir="rtl" style="text-align:right">{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{lang|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|italic=no}}|{{{1}}}}}</div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 0izwv1lz180pxmo3xmq12kibmjtmoxj Template:IndexFungorum 10 51285 306236 2026-08-30T21:13:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{name|}}} ||''}}[http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID={{{1}}} {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]{{#if: {{{name|}}} ||''}} {{#if: {{{name2|}}} | and [http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID={{{{2}}} {{{name2}}}] | }} in ''[[Index Fungorum]]''. {{#if:{{{access-date|}}}| Retrieved {{{access-date}}}.|}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 6fg2czecvjs52ubbq3u11fj5acl5fx4 Template:Cite comic 10 51286 306237 2026-08-30T21:14:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306237 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{ref|}}}|<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/><span class="citation" id="{{anchorencode:{{{ref}}}}}">}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{Cartoonist|{{{cartoonist|{{{creator|}}}}}}}}}| {{{Cartoonist|{{{cartoonist|{{{creator}}}}}}}}}&nbsp;([[Script (comics)|w]],&nbsp;[[artist|a]]) }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Writer|{{{writer|}}}}}}| {{#if:{{{Cartoonist|{{{cartoonist|{{{creator|}}}}}}}}}| ,&#32; 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Use <code>{{{|title=}}}</code> for the title of a comic book series or graphic novel; use <code>{{{|strip=}}}</code> for a comic strip. ([[Template:cite comic#Title|help]]) }}[[Category:Pages using cite comic with no title|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Date|{{{date|{{{year|}}}}}}}}}| |{{Preview warning|{{t|cite comic}}: <code>{{{|date=}}}</code> is required. Use the publication date, also known as the "cover date". ([[Template:cite comic#Date|help]]) }}[[Category:Pages using cite comic with no date|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using cite comic with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:cite comic]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| accessdate | access-date | archive-date | archive-url | artist | Artist | at | cartoonist | Cartoonist | coartists | Coartists | coinkers | Coinkers | colorist | Colorist | copencillers | Copencillers | cowriters | Cowriters | creator | date | Date | editor | Editor | format | id | ID | inker | Inker | issue | Issue | Language | language | letterer | Letterer | location | Location | newspaper | others | page | Page | pages | Pages | panel | Panel | paper | Paper | penciller | Penciller | publisher | Publisher | Quote | quote | ref | story | Story | strip | Strip | supplement | Supplement | syndicate | Syndicate | title | Title | url | url-status | volume | Volume | writer | Writer | year}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> q37vdgl3sxsedx8k520awomxkwurw67 Template:RouteBox 10 51287 306238 2026-08-30T21:16:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306238 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="background-color:{{{3|black}}}; color:{{{4|white}}}; border:0.1em solid {{{border|{{{3}}}}}};">&nbsp;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{2|}}}| [[{{{2}}}|<span style="color:{{{4|white}}}; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{bold|}}}|no||font-weight:bold;}} font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">{{{1}}}</span>]] | <span style="color:{{{4|white}}}; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{bold|}}}|no||font-weight:bold;}} font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">{{{1}}}</span> }}&nbsp;</span><noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> n4ijgxcyl65h9zloxfqodtmd87bshrc Module:Hatnote group 828 51288 306239 2026-08-30T21:17:57Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local p = {} --Collates key-based table of classes into usable class list function collateClassList (listTable) local list = {} for k, v in pairs(listTable) do if v and type(k) == "string" then table.insert(list, k) end end return table.concat(list, " ") end --Passes through single argument from parent frame function p.group (frame) return p._group(frame:getParent().args[1], frame:getParent().args.category) end function p._gro... 306239 Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local p = {} --Collates key-based table of classes into usable class list function collateClassList (listTable) local list = {} for k, v in pairs(listTable) do if v and type(k) == "string" then table.insert(list, k) end end return table.concat(list, " ") end --Passes through single argument from parent frame function p.group (frame) return p._group(frame:getParent().args[1], frame:getParent().args.category) end function p._group (inputText, category) --If there's an error element, pass everything through unchanged for easier --error resolution if string.find(inputText, '<%a- class="error"', 1, true) then return inputText end --Heavily reused hatnote data capture pattern local hatnotePattern = '(<div role="note" class="' .. string.gsub(mHatnote.defaultClasses(false), "%-", "%%-") .. '%s?(.-)">(.-)</div>)' --Capture hatnote divs and "loose" categories; we'll ignore everything else local rawDivs = {} local looseCategories = '' for x in string.gmatch(inputText, hatnotePattern) do table.insert(rawDivs, x) end for x in string.gmatch(inputText, '%[%[Category:.-%]%]') do looseCategories = looseCategories .. x end --if no inner hatnotes, return an error if not rawDivs[1] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'no inner hatnotes detected', 'Template:Hatnote group', category ) end --Preprocess divs into strings and classes local innerHatnotes = {} for k, v in pairs(rawDivs) do row = {} row.text = string.gsub(v, hatnotePattern, '%3') --Here we set class names as keys for easier intersection later row.classes = {} for m, w in ipairs( mw.text.split( string.gsub(v, hatnotePattern, '%2'), ' ', true ) ) do row.classes[mw.text.trim(w)] = true end table.insert(innerHatnotes, row) end --Identify any universal classes ("hatnote" ignored by omission earlier) local universalClasses = {} --clone first classes table to force passing by value rather than reference for k, v in pairs(innerHatnotes[1].classes) do universalClasses[k] = v end for k, v in ipairs(innerHatnotes) do for m, w in pairs(universalClasses) do universalClasses[m] = (universalClasses[m] and v.classes[m]) end end --Remove universal classes from div items, then create class strings per row for k, v in ipairs(innerHatnotes) do for m, w in pairs(v.classes) do if universalClasses[m] then v.classes[m] = nil end end v.classString = collateClassList(v.classes) end --Process div items into classed span items local innerSpans = {} for k, v in ipairs(innerHatnotes) do table.insert( innerSpans, tostring( mw.html.create("span") :addClass(v.classString ~= '' and v.classString or nil) :wikitext(v.text) ) ) end --Concatenate spans and categories, and return wrapped as a single hatnote local outputText = table.concat(innerSpans, " ") .. looseCategories local hnOptions = {extraclasses = collateClassList(universalClasses)} return mHatnote._hatnote(outputText, hnOptions) end return p 1nriugvnszgx33x7jmjtakrax7vs0jb Template:Reference column heading 10 51289 306240 2026-08-30T21:19:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{abbr|Ref.|Reference{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude/>#if:{{yesno-yes|no=|{{{multi|{{{plural|}}}}}}}}|(s)}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ap5fw29vjmn15bfilb4jfjjeozgs20m Template:Indent 10 51290 306242 2026-08-30T21:22:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306242 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Indent|indent |1={{{1|}}} |2={{{2|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> r8iz5bi3j2dizhs2psi36hzbpket5f5 Module:Indent 828 51291 306243 2026-08-30T21:23:30Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local p = {} function p.indent(frame) -- Trim whitespace from the arguments and remove blank values. local args = {} if type(frame.args) == 'table' then for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end end -- Set variables. local indent = tonumber( args[1] ) local br = args[2] local ret = '' -- Insert line breaks to match the... 306243 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.indent(frame) -- Trim whitespace from the arguments and remove blank values. local args = {} if type(frame.args) == 'table' then for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end end -- Set variables. local indent = tonumber( args[1] ) local br = args[2] local ret = '' -- Insert line breaks to match the functionality of the original template. -- If "br" is set, we need two line breaks; if not, we just need one. if br then ret = ret .. '<br />' end ret = ret .. '<br />' -- Control for bad or zero input. If found, output the line breaks only, -- as this was the previous behaviour of the template. if not indent or indent <= 0 or math.floor(indent) ~= indent then return ret end -- Generate the indents. The first four cases are special. if indent == 1 then return ret .. '&nbsp;' elseif indent == 2 then return ret .. '&nbsp;&nbsp;' elseif indent == 3 then return ret .. '&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;' elseif indent == 4 then return ret .. '&nbsp; &emsp; &nbsp;' end -- Set variables for generating the output after indent == 5. local r = {} r.base = '&nbsp;' -- Common text to all output. r.rep = ' &emsp; &nbsp;' -- The text to repeat. r.mod1 = '&nbsp;' -- To return on modulo 1. r.mod2 = ' &emsp;' -- To return on modulo 2. r.mod3 = ' &emsp;&nbsp;' -- To return on modulo 3. -- New iteratorText values needed at 5, 9, 13, 17, etc., so repeat the -- text (indent - 1)/4 times and find the remainder. local reps = math.floor( (indent - 1) / 4 ) local remainder = math.fmod( indent - 1, 4 ) -- Generate the indent text. ret = ret .. r.base .. mw.ustring.rep( r.rep, reps ) if remainder >= 1 and remainder <= 3 then ret = ret .. r[ 'mod' .. remainder ] end return ret end return p fxgudcgb4voxj4ckutike82x1nkpntd Template:Fake heading/styles.css 10 51292 306245 2026-08-30T21:24:59Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .fake-heading { color: var(--color-emphasized, #000000); background: none; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; page-break-after: avoid; padding-top: 0.5em; } .fake-heading.h1, .fake-heading.h2 { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0; font-family: 'Linux Libertine','Georgia','Times','Source Serif Pro',serif; line-height: 1.375; } body.skin-monobook .fake-h... 306245 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .fake-heading { color: var(--color-emphasized, #000000); background: none; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; page-break-after: avoid; padding-top: 0.5em; } .fake-heading.h1, .fake-heading.h2 { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0; font-family: 'Linux Libertine','Georgia','Times','Source Serif Pro',serif; line-height: 1.375; } body.skin-monobook .fake-heading.h1, body.skin-monobook .fake-heading.h2 { font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; } body.skin-timeless .fake-heading.h1, body.skin-timeless .fake-heading.h2 { border-bottom: 3px solid #c8ccd1; } .fake-heading.h1 { font-size: 1.8em; } body.skin-timeless .fake-heading.h1 { font-size: 2em; } .fake-heading.h2 { font-size: 1.5em; } body.skin-timeless .fake-heading.h2 { font-size: 1.8em; } .fake-heading.h3, .fake-heading.h4, .fake-heading.h5, .fake-heading.h6 { font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; line-height: 1.6; } .fake-heading.h3 { font-size: 1.2em; } .fake-heading.h4 { font-size: 100%; } 3nbqogdhwtbf6jj76snvv3k6wknfvjq Template:Cite Metacritic 10 51293 306246 2026-08-30T21:26:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306246 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{cite web | url = {{#if: {{{id|}}} | {{#ifeq: {{{type|}}}{{{id|}}} | {{{type}}}{{{id}}} | https://www.metacritic.com/{{#switch: {{{type}}} |m|movie|film=movie|tv|television=tv|game|videogame=game|music=music}}{{#if:{{{vgtype|}}}|/{{#switch: {{{vgtype}}} |pc|playstation-3|playstation-4|playstation-5|playstation-vita|xbox-one|xbox-360|ios|3ds|wii-u|switch|ds{{{vgtype}}}|#default={{{vgtype}}}}}|}}/{{{id}}}{{#if:{{{season|}}}|/season-{{{season}}}|}} | https://www.metacritic.com/ }} | https://www.metacritic.com/{{wikidata|property|P1712}} }} | title = {{#if: {{{title|}}} | ''{{{title}}}'' | ''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}'' }}{{#if: {{{season|}}} | {{#if:{{{season|}}} | <nowiki>:</nowiki> Season {{{season}}}|}} }} | script-title = {{{script-title|}}} | trans-title = {{{trans-title|}}} | language = {{{language|}}} | website = [[Metacritic]] | publisher = {{#if:{{{publisher_hide|}}}| |[[Fandom, Inc.]]}} | date = {{{date|}}} | location = {{{location|}}} | access-date = {{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}} }}} | archive-date = {{{archive-date|{{{archivedate|}}} }}} | archive-url = {{{archive-url|{{{archiveurl|}}} }}} | url-status = {{{url-status|{{{dead-url|{{{deadurl|}}}}}}}}} | ref = {{{ref|}}} | df = {{{df|}}} | mode = {{{mode|}}} }}<!-- == Error checking == No id -->{{#if:{{{id|}}}||<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <kbd>&#124;id=</kbd></span>{{main other|[[Category:Cite Metacritic templates with errors]]}} }}<!-- (Note: error message is provided by CS1 module) No type --> {{#if:{{{type|}}}||<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <kbd>&#124;type=</kbd></span>{{main other|[[Category:Cite Metacritic templates with errors]]}} }}<!-- No access-date --> {{#if:{{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}} }}}||<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <kbd>&#124;access-date=</kbd></span>{{main other|[[Category:Cite Metacritic templates with errors]]}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=[[Category:Cite Metacritic template with unknown parameters]] |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |id|url|title|script-title|trans-title|language|website|date|location|access-date|archive-date|archive-url|url-status|ref|df|mode|type|vgtype|season|publisher_hide|accessdate|archivedate|archiveurl|dead-url|deadurl}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> d36gx90xooxm5h0t52b8rczvg8nel9i Template:Noprint 10 51294 306247 2026-08-30T21:35:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306247 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="noprint">{{trim|1={{{1|qoraalka si looga qariyo daabacaadda laakiin aan loo eegin}}}}}</div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> butmiwwt9mu58bs2b7bgwks2pragb7k Template:No col break 10 51295 306248 2026-08-30T21:36:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306248 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="No col break/styles.css" /><div class="nocolbreak">{{{1}}}</div><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!--categories go inside doc--> </noinclude> fnpd95webks22gdj25dbkyseyfbwz9r Template:No col break/styles.css 10 51296 306249 2026-08-30T21:36:38Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .nocolbreak { page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; } 306249 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .nocolbreak { page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; } 92u4maqktwppk0laxzooybmte8fmdl5 Template:Nasasho wiki 10 51297 306250 2026-08-30T21:48:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{#ifeq:{{{spacetype|}}}|tmbox|tmbox|mbox}} |style = {{{style|}}} |image = {{#ifeq:{{{noimage|}}}|{{{noimage|µ}}}|none|[[File:{{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{image}}}|{{ #switch: {{{type|}}} | exams = Nuvola apps bookcase.svg | attempting | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = Sunset at Huntington Beach.jpg }}}}{{#if:{{{imageclass|}}}|{{!}}class={{{imageclass|}}}}}|{{#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|75x50px}}]]}} |imageright = {{#if:{{{imageright|}}}|[[File:{{{imageright}}}|{{#if:{{{imagesizeright|}}}|{{{imagesizeright}}}|75x50px}}]]|none}} |text = {{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|<span style="display: block; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;">}}{{#if:{{{message|}}}|{{{message}}}|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} |exams = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu qaatay '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]''' oo gaaban {{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} si uu ugu diyaar garoobo imtixaannada wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia marka imtixaannadu {{#if: {{{2|}}} |dhammaadaan {{{2}}}.|dhammaadaan.}} | attempting = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu isku dayayaa inuu qaato '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]''' oo gaaban {{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|goor dhow}}}}}}. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa aad u badan in {{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}} aanu ka fogaan doonin Wikipedia muddo dheer, waxaana laga yaabaa inuu si dhaqso leh usoo laabto isagoo mararka qaarkood sameynaya wax ka beddello yar yar. | semi = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu ku jiraa '''[[Wikipedia:Wikibreak#Semi-wikibreak|nasasho wiki qayb ahaan]]'''{{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna si buuxda ugu soo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = waqti dambe | wikibreak | normal | #default = dambe}}.}}}}}} | long | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu qaatay {{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = dheer | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = gaaban }} '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]'''{{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = waqti dambe | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = goor dhow}}.}}}}}} {{{3|}}} }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|</span>}} }}<noinclude><!-- Halbeegyada {{{name}}}, {{{back}}}, {{{2}}} iyo {{{3}}} waxaa laga sii hayay noocyadii hore ee template-kan si loogu fududeeyo isticmaalayaashii hore u adeegsan jiray.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> exoraqsjq6ivyd32wxsv2xgzuulec5d 306251 306250 2026-08-30T21:48:57Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Template:Wikibreak]] ilaa [[Template:Nasasho wiki]] 306250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{#ifeq:{{{spacetype|}}}|tmbox|tmbox|mbox}} |style = {{{style|}}} |image = {{#ifeq:{{{noimage|}}}|{{{noimage|µ}}}|none|[[File:{{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{image}}}|{{ #switch: {{{type|}}} | exams = Nuvola apps bookcase.svg | attempting | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = Sunset at Huntington Beach.jpg }}}}{{#if:{{{imageclass|}}}|{{!}}class={{{imageclass|}}}}}|{{#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|75x50px}}]]}} |imageright = {{#if:{{{imageright|}}}|[[File:{{{imageright}}}|{{#if:{{{imagesizeright|}}}|{{{imagesizeright}}}|75x50px}}]]|none}} |text = {{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|<span style="display: block; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;">}}{{#if:{{{message|}}}|{{{message}}}|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} |exams = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu qaatay '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]''' oo gaaban {{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} si uu ugu diyaar garoobo imtixaannada wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia marka imtixaannadu {{#if: {{{2|}}} |dhammaadaan {{{2}}}.|dhammaadaan.}} | attempting = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu isku dayayaa inuu qaato '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]''' oo gaaban {{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|goor dhow}}}}}}. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa aad u badan in {{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}} aanu ka fogaan doonin Wikipedia muddo dheer, waxaana laga yaabaa inuu si dhaqso leh usoo laabto isagoo mararka qaarkood sameynaya wax ka beddello yar yar. | semi = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu ku jiraa '''[[Wikipedia:Wikibreak#Semi-wikibreak|nasasho wiki qayb ahaan]]'''{{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna si buuxda ugu soo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = waqti dambe | wikibreak | normal | #default = dambe}}.}}}}}} | long | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu qaatay {{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = dheer | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = gaaban }} '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]'''{{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = waqti dambe | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = goor dhow}}.}}}}}} {{{3|}}} }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|</span>}} }}<noinclude><!-- Halbeegyada {{{name}}}, {{{back}}}, {{{2}}} iyo {{{3}}} waxaa laga sii hayay noocyadii hore ee template-kan si loogu fududeeyo isticmaalayaashii hore u adeegsan jiray.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> exoraqsjq6ivyd32wxsv2xgzuulec5d 306253 306251 2026-08-30T21:51:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{#ifeq:{{{spacetype|}}}|tmbox|tmbox|mbox}} |style = {{{style|}}} |image = {{#ifeq:{{{noimage|}}}|{{{noimage|µ}}}|none|[[File:{{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{image}}}|{{ #switch: {{{type|}}} | exams = Nuvola apps bookcase.svg | attempting | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = Sunset at Huntington Beach.jpg }}}}{{#if:{{{imageclass|}}}|{{!}}class={{{imageclass|}}}}}|{{#if:{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{imagesize}}}|75x50px}}]]}} |imageright = {{#if:{{{imageright|}}}|[[File:{{{imageright}}}|{{#if:{{{imagesizeright|}}}|{{{imagesizeright}}}|75x50px}}]]|none}} |text = {{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|<span style="display: block; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;">}}{{#if:{{{message|}}}|{{{message}}}|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} |exams = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu qaatay '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]''' oo gaaban {{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} si uu ugu diyaar garoobo imtixaannada wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia marka imtixaannadu {{#if: {{{2|}}} |dhammaadaan {{{2}}}.|dhammaadaan.}} | attempting = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu isku dayayaa inuu qaato '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]''' oo gaaban {{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|goor dhow}}}}}}. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa aad u badan in {{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}} aanu ka fogaan doonin Wikipedia muddo dheer, waxaana laga yaabaa inuu si dhaqso leh usoo laabto isagoo mararka qaarkood sameynaya wax ka beddello yar yar. | semi = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu ku jiraa '''[[Wikipedia:Wikibreak#Semi-wikibreak|nasasho wiki qayb ahaan]]'''{{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna si buuxda ugu soo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = waqti dambe | wikibreak | normal | #default = dambe}}.}}}}}} | long | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = '''{{trim|1={{{name|{{{1|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}''' wuxuu qaatay {{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = dheer | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = waqti gaaban }} '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikibreak|nasasho wiki]]'''{{#if:{{{begin|}}}|&nbsp;laga bilaabo {{{begin|}}}|}} wuxuuna kusoo laaban doonaa Wikipedia {{{back|{{{2|{{ #switch: {{{type}}} | long = waqti dambe | wikibreak | normal | short | #default = goor dhow}}.}}}}}} {{{3|}}} }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|</span>}} }}<noinclude><!-- Halbeegyada {{{name}}}, {{{back}}}, {{{2}}} iyo {{{3}}} waxaa laga sii hayay noocyadii hore ee template-kan si loogu fududeeyo isticmaalayaashii hore u adeegsan jiray.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> hpdgeoqx543pc3b9h3rg59p78fy0ly5 Template:Wikibreak 10 51298 306252 2026-08-30T21:48:57Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Template:Wikibreak]] ilaa [[Template:Nasasho wiki]] 306252 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Nasasho wiki]] 6xrmw7nsuu5x60f4poq0armegkwpts9 Template:Netflix title 10 51299 306254 2026-08-30T21:54:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{id|{{{1|<noinclude>-</noinclude>}}}}}} |''[https://www.netflix.com/title/{{Trim|{{{id|{{{1}}}}}}}} {{{title|{{{2|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}]'' on [[Netflix]] [[Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content]] {{Wikidata check|property=P1874|value={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|category=Netflix title ID|qid={{{qid|}}}}} |{{#if:{{#property:P1874|from={{{qid|}}}}} |''[https://www.netflix.com/title/{{First word|1={{#property:P1874|from={{{qid|}}}}}|sep=,}} {{{title|{{{2|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}]'' on [[Netflix]]{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P1874|qid={{{qid|}}}}} [[Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content]] |<span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:Netflix title|Netflix title]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span> }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> lzot32czt1wcrwvrka607xpr6lr6h1q Holzerath 0 51300 306259 2026-08-31T08:09:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Holzerath 2010.jpg |image_coa = DEU Holzerath COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|40|47.13|N|6|45|35.99|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Holzerath in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Ruwer |elevation = 453 |area = 6.76 |postal_code = 54316 |area_code = 06588 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 050 |website = [http://www.holzerath.de/ www.holzerath.de] |mayor = Friedbert Theis<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Holzerath''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Tirada dadweynuhu waa 431 laga bilaabo Diseembar 31, 2018. Duqa magaaladu waa Friedbert Theis. Baaxadda Holzerath waa 6.76&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> oo leh joog ah 453 mitir (1,486 cagood). == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} i3fzr1rn4stq3269059t7maazyquw30 Hönningen 0 51301 306260 2026-08-31T08:11:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Hönningen.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|28|28|N|06|57|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hönningen in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenahr |elevation = 200 |area = 10.02 |postal_code = 53506 |area_code = 02643, 02695 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 029 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.gemeinde-hoenningen.de/ www.gemeinde-hoenningen.de] |mayor = Jürgen Schwarzmann<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Hönningen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. [[Image:Höningen, kerk foto6 2009-08-07 09.45.JPG|thumb|160px|left|Hönningen, church]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Honningen}} kh94bz7c4hx91nsudwt0dfns6eh94in Hopferau 0 51302 306261 2026-08-31T08:13:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hopferau COA.svg |image_photo = Hopferau - Heimen nö - Hopferau v N 01.JPG |image_caption = Hopferau seen from the north |coordinates = {{coord|47|37|N|10|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hopferau in OAL.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Ostallgäu |elevation = 811 |area = 13.19 |postal_code = 87659 |area_code = 08364 |licence = OAL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 77 135 |mayor = Rudolf Achatz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = FW |website = [https://www.hopferau.de/ www.hopferau.de] }} '''Hopferau''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ostallgäu]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pitmhihn6pl6hi2gtlj6vqixt59sy0h 306262 306261 2026-08-31T08:14:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hopferau COA.svg |image_photo = Hopferau - Heimen nö - Hopferau v N 01.JPG |image_caption = Hopferau oo laga arkay xagga waqooyi |coordinates = {{coord|47|37|N|10|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hopferau in OAL.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Ostallgäu |elevation = 811 |area = 13.19 |postal_code = 87659 |area_code = 08364 |licence = OAL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 77 135 |mayor = Rudolf Achatz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = FW |website = [https://www.hopferau.de/ www.hopferau.de] }} '''Hopferau''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ostallgäu]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8vgsmvdqc7czg31drk6bfk426h21k7q 306263 306262 2026-08-31T08:14:58Z Isma4l 41797 306263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hopferau COA.svg |image_photo = Hopferau - Heimen nö - Hopferau v N 01.JPG |image_caption = Hopferau oo laga arkay xagga waqooyi |coordinates = {{coord|47|37|N|10|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hopferau in OAL.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Ostallgäu |elevation = 811 |area = 13.19 |postal_code = 87659 |area_code = 08364 |licence = OAL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 77 135 |mayor = Rudolf Achatz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = FW |website = [https://www.hopferau.de/ www.hopferau.de] }} '''Hopferau''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ostallgäu]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ffjrwg90sd3mswnf13gqxcjdp5xcec4 Höpfingen 0 51303 306264 2026-08-31T08:16:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Höpfingen Aerial fg233.jpg |image_caption = Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo laga eegay Kaniisadda St. Ägidius iyo agagaarkeeda ee xaafadda Höpfingen |image_coa = DEU Höpfingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|36|5|N|9|25|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höpfingen in MOS.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis |elevation = 377 |area = 30.49 |postal_code = 74746 |area_code = 06283 |licence = MOS, BCH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 25 039 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.hoepfingen.de/ www.hoepfingen.de] |mayor = Christian Hauck<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Höpfingen''', oo marmar loo qoro ''Hoepfingen'', waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]], ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Maamulka == Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay laba xaafadood: * Höpfingen * Waldstetten == Juqraafiyadda == Degmadu waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa koonfur-bari ee buuraha Odenwald. Qayb ka mid ah waxaa ku jira Beerta Dabiiciga ah ee Neckartal-Odenwald, oo ah mid ka mid ah jardiinooyinka qaranka ee ugu waaweyn Baden-Württemberg. Höpfingen, oo ku taal qaybta waqooyi ee degmada, waxay leedahay keymo, dhul-beereed iyo daaqsin. Dhanka koonfureed, magaalada Waldstetten waxay ku taal doox ay dhex maraan durdurro dhowr ah.<ref name="districts">{{cite web | url=http://hoepfingen.de/unserer-ortsteile | title=Unsere Ortsteile | accessdate=2 February 2016 | archive-date=15 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815091338/https://www.hoepfingen.de/unserer-ortsteile | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hopfingen}} dwesdn4gze6cwe2ouhwydtalrwwoabs Hoppenrade 0 51304 306265 2026-08-31T08:18:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |image_photo = Luedershagen Kirche 2009-04-12 003.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada dhexe ee Hoppenrade |coordinates = {{coord|53|43|59|N|12|16|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hoppenrade_in_LRO.svg |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Krakow am See |elevation = 25 |area = 28.76 |postal_code = 18292 |area_code = 038451 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 048 |website = [https://www.amt-krakow-am-see.de/de/amt-und-gemeinden/kommunen/gemeinde-hoppenrade.php www.amt-krakow-am-see.de] |mayor = Birgit Kaspar |party = }} '''Hoppenrade''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1zrhlcmb67kr7thesqrbxz71h4454yf Horgau 0 51305 306266 2026-08-31T08:20:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Horgau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|24|N|10|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Pfarrkirche Horgau.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Martin iyadoo xafiiska dawladda hoose uu dhinaca midig ka xigo |image_plan = Horgau in A.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Augsburg |elevation = 465 |area = 26.52 |postal_code = 86497 |area_code = 08294 |licence = A |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 159 |mayor = Thomas Hafner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [https://www.horgau.de/ www.horgau.de] }} '''Horgau''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Augsburg (district)|Augsburg]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ''Xaafadaha (tuulooyinka) degmada Horgau:'' Horgau, Horgauergreut, [[Auerbach (Horgau)|Auerbach]], Bieselbach, Horgau&nbsp;Bahnhof, Lindgraben, Schäfstoß, Herpfenried == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} n70x0ci302a1gu2lumrqjg3rk4loua5 Höringen 0 51306 306267 2026-08-31T08:22:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Höringen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|33|19.20|N|7|47|49.11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höringen in KIB.svg |state = |district = Donnersbergkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Winnweiler |elevation = 291 |area = 10.73 |postal_code = 67724 |area_code = 06302 |licence = KIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 33 030 |website = [http://www.hoeringen.de/ www.hoeringen.de] |mayor = Brigitte Enders<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Donnersbergkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Höringen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhøːʁɪŋən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Donnersbergkreis]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Horingen}} 0cieslaschzn7j3ahtp9sqn892q9zbc Hornbek 0 51307 306268 2026-08-31T08:23:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hornbek COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|34|N|10|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hornbek in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Breitenfelde |elevation = 31 |area = 5.89 |postal_code = 21514 |area_code = 04158 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 056 |website = [http://www.amt-breitenfelde.de/ www.amt-breitenfelde.de] |mayor = Hermann Kröhnert |party = }} '''Hornbek''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɔʁnbeːk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} aa4gucv0xkt6b52o77a1jxclj95uni4 Hornsömmern 0 51308 306269 2026-08-31T08:25:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|13|N|10|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hornsömmern in UH.png |state = |district = Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Tennstedt |elevation = 282 |area = 4.28 |postal_code = 99955 |area_code = 036041 |licence = UH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 64 027 |website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20050313142844/http://www.badtennstedt.de/VG_Bad_Tennstedt/Hornsommern/hornsommern.html www.badtennstedt.de] |mayor = Heinz Schröter<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Hornsömmern''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis]], ee gobolka [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hornsommern}} sbvan6slb4djtq8o6dnzgsm5cmk5v7c Hornstorf 0 51309 306270 2026-08-31T08:27:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|53|55|N|11|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hornstorf_in_NWM 2011.svg |image_photo = Hornstorf Kirche 2008-11-13 066.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada dhexe ee Hornstorf |state = |district = Nordwestmecklenburg |Amt = Neuburg |elevation = 47 |area = 14.88 |postal_code = 23974 |area_code = 03841 |licence = NWM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 74 034 |website = [https://www.amt-neuburg.de/ www.amt-neuburg.de] |mayor = Thomas Grille }} '''Hornstorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Nordwestmecklenburg]], ee gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 4magnls0abc0y5g0kfj7iovelwnxgo0 Horperath 0 51310 306271 2026-08-31T08:29:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|46|N|6|57|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Horperath in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Kelberg |elevation = 470 |area = 2.40 |postal_code = 56766 |area_code = 02692 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 216 |website = {{URL|https://horperath.de/}} |mayor = Heinz-Peter Reuter<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Horperath''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah degmo ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taalla degmada [[Vulkaneifel]] ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay hoos timaadaa ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' ee [[Kelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|Kelberg]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay degmada [[Kelberg|magaca la mid ah]]. == Juqraafiyadda == Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo lagu yaqaan taariikhdeeda foolkaanaha, sifooyinka juqraafi iyo juoloji ahaan, iyo xitaa hawlaha socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaasaska mararka qaarkood ka soo baxa dhulka. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay codadka [[Plurality voting system|qlabka badnaanta]] doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. === Duqa magaalada === Duqa Horperath waa Heinz-Peter Reuter.<ref name=mayor/> === astaanta dhulka === Qoraalka Jarmalka wuxuu u qoran yahay sida soo socota: ''Von Silber über Rot geteilt, oben ein schwarzes Balkenkreuz, unten 3 (2:1) goldene Kugeln.'' [[Coat of arms|Calaamadda]] degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|hiraaldiga]] Ingiriiska waxaa lagu sifeeyn karaa sida soo socota: Per fess argent a cross sable and gules three bezants. Illaa iyo dhammaadkii xilligii [[Feudalism|feudhalka]], Horperath, oo qayb ka ahayd ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Nürburg, waxay ahayd hanti ka tirsan [[Electorate of Cologne|Kologne-Doorashada]],<ref>Fabricius, S. 72, 257</ref> iyo Iskutallaabta Cologne ee qaybta sare ee [[escutcheon (heraldry)|gaashaanka]] waxay xasuusinaysaa xilligaas. Kaniisadda ku taal Horperath waxaa la dhisay 1747.<ref>KD Kreis Mayen 1, S 239</ref> Saddexda bezants waxay u taagan yihiin sifooyinka [[Saint Nicholas]] ee saddexda kubbadood ee dahabka ah<ref>Pfleiderer, Attribute der Heiligen, Ulm 1898, S. 237</ref> sidaas darteedna waxay matalaan [[Saint Nicholas|awowaha]] tuulada iyo kaniisadda.<ref>de Lorenzi II, S. 136)</ref><ref>[http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Horperath/ Description and explanation of Horperath’s arms]</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska == Dhismayaasha: * Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Kaatoligga]] ee Saint Nicholas (kaniisadda laanta; ''Filialkirche St. Nikolaus''), [[aisleless church|kaniisad yar oo aan lahayn marin-badeeco]], [[Timber framing|alwaax qaabaysan]] [[barrel vault|qaybta foorarka ah]], laga soo bilaabo 1747. * Im Ollen 6 – guriga adag, guryaha alwaaxa qaabaysan, laga soo bilaabo 1836, laakiin suurtogal ah inuu ka sii da'weyn yahay. * Zum Lindental 2 – ''Quereinhaus'' dheer (isku-darka guri deegaan iyo ganacsi oo loo qaybiyay labadan ujeeddo dhexda, iyada oo u janjeerta waddada), laga soo bilaabo 1869.<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071221091219/http://www.horperath.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Horperath/ Horperath ee bogagga shabakadda degmada wadajirka ah] {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} bh0qm1s4f54yvorxl3vr4bd7zdunq19 Hörstel 0 51311 306272 2026-08-31T08:31:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_flag = Flagge Hoerstel.svg |image_coa = DE Hörstel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|17|50|N|7|35|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hörstel in ST.svg |state = |region = Münster |district = Steinfurt |elevation = 145 |area = 107.54 |postal_code = 48477 |area_code = 05454,05459,05978 |licence = ST |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 5 66 016 |website = [https://www.hoerstel.de/ www.hoerstel.de] |mayor = David Ostholthoff<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 30 June 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;25 |party = SPD }} '''Hörstel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhœʁstl̩|-|De-Hörstel.ogg}}; {{langx|nds|Hüörsel}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Steinfurt (district)|Steinfurt]], ee gobolka [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal meel u dhow isgoyska [[Mittellandkanal]] iyo [[Dortmund-Ems Canal]], qiyaastii 10&nbsp;km dhinaca bari ka xigta [[Rheine]]. Qaybaha ka tirsan Hörstel waxaa ka mid ah [[Riesenbeck]], [[Dreierwalde]], [[Birgte]] iyo [[Bevergern]] == Hoolka Sawirada == <gallery> File:Hörstel, die Friedenskirche Dm39 foto5 2013-09-30 13.26.jpg|Hörstel, kaniisadda: die Friedenskirche File:Hörstel, katholische Pfarrkirche Sankt Antonius Dm129 foto1 2013-09-30 13.35.jpg |Hörstel, kaniisadda: katholische Pfarrkirche Sankt Antonius File:Riesenbeck, Sankt Kalixtus Kirche Dm42 foto13 2013-09-28 14.30.jpg|Riesenbeck, kaniisadda: Sankt Kalixtus Kirche File:Schloss surenburg.jpg|Surenburg oo ku taal Riesenbeck </gallery> == Dadkii caanka ahaa == * [[Georg Hermes]] (1775-1835), khabiir ku takhasusay diinta Katooliga * [[Clemens Heereman von Zuydwyck]] (1832-1903), beeraley iyo siyaasi (Zentrum) * [[Constantin Heereman von Zuydtwyck]] (1931-2017), beeraley, kaymo-hayhe iyo siyaasi (CDU) * [[Norbert Klemens Strotmann Hoppe]] (dhashay 1946), bikorros ka tirsan kaniisadda Katooliga * [[Karl-Josef Laumann]] (dhashay 1957), siyaasi (CDU) * [[Peter Niemeyer]] (dhashay 1983), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah iyo maamule == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Horstel}} kbdvs790cvagym4klwhyhx38owrip0x Hörsten 0 51312 306273 2026-08-31T08:33:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|14|N|9|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hoersten in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Jevenstedt |elevation = 9 |area = 8.83 |postal_code = 24797 |area_code = 04332 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 075 |website = [http://www.amt-jevenstedt.de/ www.amt-jevenstedt.de] |mayor = Klaus Groenewold |party = }} '''Hörsten''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhœʁstn̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Horsten}} pwkupz0xfl3g8a61drfn3xwrbs24sq9 Hörup 0 51313 306274 2026-08-31T08:35:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Hörup<br><small>Hørup</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hörup COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|43|N|9|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hoerup in SL.PNG |state = |district = Schleswig-Flensburg |Amt = Schafflund |elevation = 5 |area = 18.15 |postal_code = 24980 |area_code = 04639 |licence = SL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 123 |website = [http://www.amt-schafflund.de/ www.amt-<br />schafflund.de] |mayor = Joachim Janke |party = }} '''Hörup''' ({{langx|da|Hørup}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Magaalada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1472 iyadoo ah Horop (meel ay ku badan tahay cawska). Waxay ahayd koonfur-bari ee magaalada ilaa qarnigii 20-aad ee horraantiisii birta dhoobada laga qodo. Hörup waxaa lagu abaalmariyay bulsho u roon carruurta, dhalinyarada iyo qoyska. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.hoerup.de/ Bulshada Hörup] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Horup}} bkkvv9zzxxl6f2j04namrh2rk6xdu36 Hosenfeld 0 51314 306275 2026-08-31T08:36:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Hosenfeld |image_coa = DEU Hosenfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|31|N|09|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hosenfeld in FD.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Fulda |elevation = 270 - 496 |area = 50.71 |postal_code = 36154 |area_code = 06650 |licence = FD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 31 014 |website = [https://www.gemeinde-hosenfeld.de/ www.gemeinde-hosenfeld.de] |mayor = Peter Malolepszy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 }} '''Hosenfeld''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Fulda (district)|Fulda]], ee gobolka [[Hesse|Hessen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9f5vf6vnj59n7lifctlshwmprxz64ub Höslwang 0 51315 306276 2026-08-31T08:38:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Höslwang COA.svg |image_photo = Hoeslwang.jpg |image_caption = Höslwang xilliga guga |coordinates = {{coord|47|57|15|N|12|19|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höslwang in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Halfing |elevation = 594 |area = 16.18 |postal_code = 83129 |area_code = 08055 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 145 |website = [https://www.hoeslwang.de/ www.hoeslwang.de] |mayor = Johann Murner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Höslwang''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka Jarmalka. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoslwang}} 4s6pkgzdal6b6j3dphc90ero6ytcxhj Hosten 0 51316 306277 2026-08-31T08:40:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Hosten |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hosten COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|53|33|N|6|37|08|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hosten in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Speicher |elevation = 316 |area = 2.88 |postal_code = 54664 |area_code = 06562 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 055 |website = [http://www.vg-speicher.de/gemeinden/hosten Hosten at site www.vg-speicher.de] |mayor = Peter Reichertz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Hosten''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7gd4uw08lwi0gokq5hy74esj2bgob49 Höttingen 0 51317 306278 2026-08-31T08:41:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Höttingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|4|N|11|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Höttingen in WUG.svg |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Ellingen |elevation = 430 |area = 19.26 |postal_code = 91798 |area_code = 09141 |licence = WUG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 77 141 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.hoettingen.de www.hoettingen.de] |mayor = Hans Seibold<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Höttingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhœtɪŋən}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hottingen}} 65l4pfiopjymeqq0l7ig0k2q76tgy57 Hövede 0 51318 306279 2026-08-31T08:43:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|54|15|N|9|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hoevede in HEI.png |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = KLG Eider |elevation = 4 |area = 2.94 |postal_code = 25782 |area_code = 04838 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 052 |website = [http://www.amt-eider.de/ www.amt-eider.de] |mayor = Uwe Harbeck }} '''Hövede''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hovede}} 1tf6discrdtv53wl5ua25ygr2ux7gt4 Hövels 0 51319 306280 2026-08-31T08:45:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|47|51|N|7|46|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hövels in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen (Westerwald) |Verbandsgemeinde = Wissen |elevation = 180 |area = 7.87 |postal_code = 57537 |area_code = 02742, 02741 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 054 |website = {{url|http://www.hoevels.de}} |mayor = Wolfgang Klein<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Hövels''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Gaadiidka == Halkaan waxaa tareenka ku adeega khadka RB90 ee [[DreiLänderBahn]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Hessische Landesbahn]] (HLB), sidoo kale khadka basaska ee maxalliga ah 258 ayaa u adeega tuulada. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hovels}} qk8rsc4o3kpjaelfeapwmvogttj2wjn Hüffenhardt 0 51320 306281 2026-08-31T08:47:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hüffenhardt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|17|27|N|9|4|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hüffenhardt in MOS.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis |elevation = 292 |area = 17.62 |postal_code = 74928 |area_code = 06268 |licence = MOS, BCH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 25 042 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.hueffenhardt.de/ www.hueffenhardt.de] |mayor = Walter Neff<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Hüffenhardt''' waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]], ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Maamulka == Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood: * Hüffenhardt, tirada dadku waa 1536 (2008) * Kälbertshausen, tirada dadku waa 533 (2008) == Tixraacyo == * [http://www.hueffenhardt.de Bogga rasmiga ah] {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Huffenhardt}} 16j853cog7dyrvg81yjx0hmfft4m27a Huglfing 0 51321 306282 2026-08-31T08:50:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Huglfing COA.svg |image_photo = Ballonfahrt 211012 - Huglfing v S.jpg |image_caption = Huglfing oo laga eegayo dhinaca koonfureed |coordinates = {{coord|47|46|N|11|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Huglfing in WM.svg |state = |region = Upper Bavaria |district = Weilheim-Schongau |elevation = 606 |area = 24.36 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09190131 |postal_code = 82386 |area_code = 08802 |licence = WM |website = [http://www.huglfing.de/ www.huglfing.de] |mayor = Markus Huber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Huglfing''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Weilheim-Schongau]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Gaadiidka == Degmadu waxay leedahay saldhig tareen, {{stn|Huglfing}}, oo ku yaal [[Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen railway|khadka tareenka ee Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} rhm8ebrla79dzkrlgofvprs70eznfcw Hugoldsdorf 0 51322 306283 2026-08-31T08:51:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|54|09|N|12|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Hugoldsdorf_in_VR.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Recknitz-Trebeltal |elevation = 14 |area = 14.17 |postal_code = 18465 |area_code = 038320 |licence = NVP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 039 |website = [http://www.recknitz-trebeltal.de/ www.recknitz-trebeltal.de] |mayor = Peter Richter |party = }} '''Hugoldsdorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} oqjowlrt8lfwwlwegmungfhrbn8x3lf Huisheim 0 51323 306284 2026-08-31T08:52:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Huisheim COA.svg |image_photo = Gosheim (Huisheim) Burg 533.jpg |image_caption = Qalcadda Gosheim |coordinates = {{coord|48|49|N|10|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Huisheim in DON.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Donau-Ries |elevation = 455 |area = 22.79 |postal_code = 86685 |area_code = 09080 |licence = DON |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 79 167 |mayor = Harald Müller<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD |website = [http://www.huisheim.de www.huisheim.de] }} '''Huisheim''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Donau-Ries]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} re25btk6o0814rppy0moivld61v906w Hülseburg 0 51324 306285 2026-08-31T08:54:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|30|N|11|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hülseburg in LUP.svg |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Hagenow-Land |elevation = 47 |area = 9.09 |postal_code = 19230 |area_code = 038850 |licence = LWL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 065 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.amt-hagenow-land.de/ www.amt-hagenow-land.de] |mayor = Brigitte Wolf }} '''Hülseburg''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maplandia.com/germany/mecklenburg-vorpommern/mecklenburg-vorpommern/ludwigslust/hulseburg/ |title=Hulseburg Map — Satellite Images of Hulseburg on Maplandia}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hulseburg}} 8tdlcakypnltwnlkcczajw34cyy4x6p Hülsede 0 51325 306286 2026-08-31T08:56:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hülsede COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|15|N|9|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hülsede in SHG.svg |state = |district = Schaumburg |Samtgemeinde = Rodenberg |elevation = 103 |area = 15.86 |postal_code = 31867 |area_code = 05043 |licence = SHG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 017 |divisions = 3 |website = [https://www.rodenberg.de/ www.rodenberg.de] |mayor = Herbert Weibels |party = SPD }} '''Hülsede''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schaumburg]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Meelaha la soo booqdo == * [[Hülsede Water Castle|Qalcadda Biyo Laadka ee Hülsede]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hulsede}} 01f7sig5tdcmlqf3z13ej2svbtit3zn Hümmel 0 51326 306287 2026-08-31T08:57:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hümmel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|27|41|N|6|46|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hümmel in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Adenau |elevation = 414 |area = 15.84 |postal_code = 53520 |area_code = 02694 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 033 |mayor = Demian Taschenmacher<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Hümmel''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay leedahay kaymo ay ku yaalliin geedaha beech-ka ee duugga ah. Waxay shaqo siisaa kaydiyaha iyo qoraaga [[Peter Wohlleben]], oo halkaas ka maamula xabaalo deegaanka u roon si uu lacag uga soo xareeyo dayactirka iyo ilaalinta kaynta. <ref>{{cite web|title=Peter Wohlleben - Termine|url=http://www.peter-wohlleben.de/termine.html|website=Förster & Autor Peter Wohlleben|access-date=12 April 2016|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422100902/http://www.peter-wohlleben.de/termine.html|archive-date=22 April 2016}}</ref> Wuxuu bixiyaa muxaadarooyin wuxuuna daabacaa buugag si uu u kordhiyo fahamka dadweynaha ee ku saabsan geedaha iyo ku tiirsanaantooda dhexdooda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peter-wohlleben.de/engl-home.html|title=Peter Wohlleben - English Home Page|website=Förster & Autor Peter Wohlleben|access-date=12 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228043309/http://www.peter-wohlleben.de/engl-home.html|archive-date=28 February 2016}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hummel}} ssjnx8h58k3wniqxxswp9vkoqqsl76g Hummelfeld 0 51328 306289 2026-08-31T08:59:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Hummelfeld<br><small>Hummelmark</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Hummelfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|28|N|9|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hummelfeld in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |Amt = Schlei-Ostsee |elevation = 13 |area = 7.98 |postal_code = 24357 |area_code = 04353 |licence = RD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 084 |website = [http://www.amt-schlei-ostsee.de www.amt-schlei-<br />ostsee.de] |mayor = Heini Schulz }} '''Hummelfeld''' ({{langx|da|Hummelmark}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Hummelfeld waxay kutaallaa koonfurta degmada [[Güby]] ama [[Fleckeby]], laakiin waa waqooyiga [[Ascheffel]], [[Hütten, Schleswig-Holstein|Hütten]] iyo [[Osterby, Rendsburg-Eckernförde|Osterby]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 4pjlocovi5hl2ztssccv6a3r3jc00ib Hummelsbüttel 0 51329 306290 2026-08-31T09:02:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Hummelsbüttel |name_local = |image_photo = Streuobstwiese HummelsbüttelerMoore1.JPG |image_caption = Beerta mirqaha leh |type = Quarter |City = Hamburg |state = |borough = Hamburg-Wandsbek |coordinates = {{Coord|53.655|N|10.050|E|type:city_region:DE_dim:3000|display=it}} |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|Hummelsbüttel}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}} |area = 9.2 |area_code = 040 |licence = HH |plantext = Goobta Hummelsbüttel ee ku taal Hamburg |image_plan = Hummelsbüttel in HH.svg }} '''Hummelsbüttel''' ({{IPA|de|ˌhʊml̩sˈbʏtl̩|-|De-Hummelsbüttel.ogg}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan magaalada [[Hamburg]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]], taas oo hoostagta degmada [[Wandsbek]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dasoertliche.de/Themen/Vorwahlen/Hamburg.html|title=Das Ortliche|website=Das Ortliche|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://katasteramt.org/katasteramt/123-hamburg.html|title=Katasteramt/Vermessungsamt Hamburg (Kataster)|website=Katasteramt|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/php/germany-hamburgcity.php |title=Germany: Hamburg, Boroughs and Quarters |access-date=February 14, 2019 |publisher=City Population}}</ref> [[File:Tegelsbarg, Norbert-Schmid-Platz (Hamburg-Hummelsbüttel).jpg|thumb|Norbert-Schmid-Platz]] == Juqraafiga == Hummelsbüttel waxay xuduud la leedahay xaafadaha [[Poppenbüttel]] iyo [[Wellingsbüttel]], iyo sidoo kale xaafadaha [[Langenhorn, Hamburg|Langenhorn]], [[Fuhlsbüttel]], iyo [[Ohlsdorf, Hamburg|Ohlsdorf]] ee ku yaal Hamburg-Nord. == Siyaasadda == Kuwani waa natiijada doorashada Hummelsbüttel ee baarlamaanka gobolka Hamburg: {| class="wikitable zebra" style="text-align:center" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! style="text-align:left"| Doorashada ! [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] ! [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Cagaarka]] ! [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] ! [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] ! [[The Left (Germany)|Bidixda]] ! [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] ! Kuwa kale |- |2020 |'''46,1 %''' |17,9 % |13,3 % |{{0}}7,1 % |{{0}}5,9 % |{{0}}4,9 % |{{0}}4,8 % |- |2015 |'''50,5 %''' |{{0}}7,1 % |18,6 % |{{0}}6,7 % |{{0}}6,2 % |{{0}}8,3 % |{{0}}2,6 % |- |2011 |'''50,7 %''' |{{0}}6,7 % |25,0 % | – |{{0}}5,1 % |{{0}}8,2 % |{{0}}4,3 % |- |2008 |33,4 % |{{0}}5,6 % |'''48,1 %''' | – |{{0}}5,5 % |{{0}}5,2 % |{{0}}2,2 % |- |2004 |29,8 % |{{0}}7,8 % |'''52,9 %''' | – | – |{{0}}3,9 % |{{0}}5,6 % |- |2001 |'''34,8 %''' |{{0}}5,7 % |30,2 % | – |{{0}}0,5 % |{{0}}6,1 % |22,7 % |- |1997 |'''35,2 %''' |11,4 % |33,8 % | – |{{0}}0,3 % |{{0}}3,6 % |15,7 % |- |1993 |'''39,4 %''' |12,5 % |27,1 % | – | – |{{0}}4,6 % |16,4 % |} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4zw3ifyh99vvttxhv6iyu8xbvbc2urj Hummelshain 0 51330 306291 2026-08-31T09:03:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo =Jagdschloss Hummelshain 2024 03.jpg |image_coa = Wappen Hummelshain.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|46|1|N|11|37|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hummelshain in SHK.svg |state = |district = Saale-Holzland-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Südliches Saaletal |elevation = 340 |area = 17.57 |postal_code = 07768 |area_code = 036424 |licence = SHK, EIS, SRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 74 042 |website = [http://www.vg-suedliches-saaletal.de/ www.vg-suedliches-saaletal.de] |mayor = Stephan Tiesler<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = CDU }} '''Hummelshain''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saale-Holzland]], ee gobolka [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Deganaanshaha dadka waxaa la diiwaangeliyay ilaa sanadkii 1000, magaca tuuladana waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1349. Goobta taariikhiga ah ee ugu muhimsan waa beerta qalcadda oo ay ku yaalliin qalcadda cusub iyo mida duugga ah (Neues Jagschloss iyo Altes Schloss). == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} c8u3wzcjeqhadttgr1kw381od96vz4w Hummeltal 0 51331 306292 2026-08-31T09:05:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Hummeltal COA.svg |image_photo = Fachwerkhaus Hummeltal Pottensteinerstrasse 8.jpg |image_caption = [[Fachwerkhaus|Guri alwaax ah]] oo ku yaal Hummeltal |coordinates = {{coord|49|53|24.94|N|11|30|37.00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hummeltal in BT.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Bayreuth |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mistelbach |elevation = 389-580 |area = 21.91 |postal_code = 95503 |area_code = 09201 |licence = BT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 72 155 |divisions = 20 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.hummeltal.de www.hummeltal.de] |mayor = Patrick Meyer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Hummeltal''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Bayreuth (district)|Bayreuth]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mnqa2bum5v4d6gek37sfujonrpthbfs Hümmerich 0 51332 306293 2026-08-31T09:08:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Hümmerich |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Hümmerich COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|34|07|N|07|29|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hümmerich in NR.svg |state = |district = Neuwied |Verbandsgemeinde = Rengsdorf-Waldbreitbach |elevation = 330 |area = 4.27 |postal_code = 53547 |area_code = 02687 |licence = NR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 38 030 |website = [http://www.huemmerich-ww.de/ www.huemmerich-ww.de] |mayor = Achim Schmidt<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Neuwied], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel= Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Hümmerich''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhʏməʁɪç}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Neuwied (district)|Neuwied]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hummerich}} cqlap9cq2o8pl0bu64fuys71u3c761n Humptrup 0 51333 306294 2026-08-31T09:10:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Humptrup<br><small>Humtrup</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|52|N|8|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Humptrup in NF.png |state = |district = Nordfriesland |Amt = Südtondern |elevation = 7 |area = 16.99 |postal_code = 25923 |area_code = 04663 |licence = NF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 54 055 |website = [http://www.amt-suedtondern.de www.amt-suedtondern.de] |mayor = Andreas Heinsen }} '''Humptrup''' ({{langx|da|Humtrup}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Nordfriesland]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} kv9lom8t5c0ea5p2bfrsj7gvgu3l10h James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher 0 51334 306295 2026-08-31T09:11:59Z Tilod 47181 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370707001|James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher]]" 306295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher''' waa [[Hawraar|jumlad]] Ingiriis ah oo ku dhawaad sax ah oo loo isticmaalo in lagu muujiyo mugdiga ereyada iyo baahida loo qabo [[Astaamayn|xarakaynta]], kaas oo u adeega beddelka codka, walbahaarka, iyo hakadka laga helo [[Hadal|hadalka]] . Cilmi-baarista habaynta macluumaadka aadanaha, jumladda waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu muujiyo sida akhristayaashu ugu tiirsan yihiin xarakaynta si ay jumladaha macno u siiyaan, gaar ahaan marka la eegayo xariiqyada qoraalka. Jumlada waxaa mararka qaarkood loo soo bandhigaa sidii xujo, halkaas oo xalliyuhu uu ku dari karo xarakaynta. 8z9qo48bcxrngps8ekoc129gvtdpca4 306298 306295 2026-08-31T09:28:50Z Isma4l 41797 306298 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher'''" waa [[Jumlad]] Ingiriisi ah oo ku dhowaad naxwaha ahaan sax ah, taas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu muujiyo [[Ambiguity#Lexical ambiguity|mugdiga dhinaca ereyada ah]] iyo baahida loo qabo [[punctuation|calaamadaha halkeynta]],<ref name="Magonet">{{cite book | last = Magonet | first = Jonathan | title = A rabbi reads the Bible | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl9qT9T7aRYC&dq=%22Had+had+had+not+not=had+had+had+had%22&pg=PA19 | access-date = 2009-04-30 | edition = 2nd | year = 2004 | publisher = SCM-Canterbury Press | isbn = 978-0-334-02952-6 | page = 19 | quote = You may remember an old classroom test in the English language. What punctuation marks do you have to add to this sentence so as to make sense of it?}}</ref> taas oo beddesha [[intonation (linguistics)|qaylodhaanta codka]],<ref name="Dundes">{{cite book | last1 = Dundes | first1 = Alan | last2 = Pagter | first2 = Carl R. | title = When you're up to your ass in alligators: more urban folklore from the paperwork empire | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=McgoMZSznBgC&dq=%22Had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had%22&pg=PA135 | access-date = 2009-04-30 | edition = Illustrated | year = 1987 | publisher = Wayne State University Press | isbn = 0-8143-1867-3 | page = 135 | quote = The object of this and similar tests is to make sense of a series of words by figuring out the correct intonation pattern.}}</ref> [[Stress (linguistics)|culeyska codka]], iyo [[Prosody_(linguistics)#Pause|hJoojinta]] laga helo [[speech|hadalka]].<ref name="Hudson">{{cite book | last = Hudson | first = Grover | title = Essential introductory linguistics | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5RB07Jb4tREC&dq=%22Had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had%22&pg=PA372 | access-date = 2009-04-30 | year = 1999 | publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell]] | isbn = 0-631-20304-4 | page = 372 | quote = Writing is secondary to speech, in history and in the fact that speech and not writing is fundamental to the human species.}}</ref> Cilmibaarista hab-socodka macluumaadka binu-aadmiga, jumladan waxaa loo isticmaali jiray in lagu tuso sida ay akhristayaashu ugu tiirsan yihiin calaamadaha halkeynta si ay jumladaha macno u siiyaan, gaar ahaan marka la eegayo akhriska khadadka qoraalka ah.<ref name="Velde">{{cite book | last = van de Velde | first = Roger G. | title = Text and thinking: on some roles of thinking in text interpretation | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sa2Ir6WQtcQC&dq=%22Had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had%22&pg=PA44 | access-date = 2009-04-30 | edition = Illustrated | year = 1992 | publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]] | isbn = 3-11-013250-8 | page = 43 | quote = In scanning across lines, readers also make use of the information parts carried along with the punctuation {{sic|markes}}: a period, a dash, a colon, a semicolon or a comma may signal different degrees of integration/separation between the groupings.}}</ref> Jumladdan mararka qaar waxaa loo soo bandhigaa sidii halxiraale, halkaas oo qofka xallinaya uu ku qasban yahay inuu ku daro calaamadaha halkeynta. == Macnaha == Jumladdu waxay tixraacaysaa laba arday, James iyo John, oo ay macallin Ingiriisi ahi ka codsatay inay sifo ku bixiyaannin ninkii hore u qabay hargab. John wuxuu qoray "The man had a cold", taas oo uu macallinku ku calaamadeeyay mid khaldan, halka James uu qoray midda saxda ah ee "The man had had a cold". Jawaabta James, oo ahayd mid naxwaha ahaan u sii saxan, ayaa keentay inuu aragti ka fiican ka tago macallinka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/weird-sentences-2014-1|title=9 Bizarre Sentences That Are Perfectly Accurate|last=Sterbenz|first=Christina|date=2014-01-08|website=Business Insider Australia|language=en|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref> Jumladdani waa mid si sahlan loo fahmi karo marka lagu daro calaamadaha halkeynta iyo xoojinta: {{quote|James, while John had had ''had'', had had ''had had''; ''had had'' had had a better effect on the teacher.<ref>[http://icpc.amrita.ac.in/2006/Problems-Onsite.pdf "Problem C: Operator Jumble"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418223301/http://icpc.amrita.ac.in/2006/Problems-Onsite.pdf |date=18 April 2016 }}. 31st ACM International Collegiate Programming Conference, 2006–2007.</ref>}} Lammaane kasta oo ka mid ah shanta lammaane ee "had" ee jumladda kore, "had"-ka ugu horreeya ee lammaanaha dhexdiisa wuxuu ku jiraa qaabka [[past perfect|waqtiga soo dhaafay ee dhammaystiran]]. Erayada la calaamadeeyay ee furan waxay tilmaamayaan xoojinta [[intonation (linguistics)|qaylodhaanta codka]], iyagoo diiradda saaraya farqiga u dhexeeya jawaabaha ardayda, ka dibna ugu dambeyntii tilmaamaya midda saxda ah. Beddelkeeda, jumladda waxaa loo akhrisan karaa inay jawaabta John ka fiicnayd tan James, si fudud iyadoo la geliyo isla calaamadaha halkeynta qaab kala duwan oo dhex maraya jumladda: {{quote|James, while John had had ''had had'', had had ''had''; ''had had'' had had a better effect on the teacher.}} == Isticmaalka == Jumladdan waxaa la bixin karaa iyadoo ah halxiraale naxwadeed<ref name="GADFLY">{{cite news | last = Amon | first = Mike | title = GADFLY | url = http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-20149031_ITM | access-date = 2009-04-30 | date = 2004-01-28 | work = Financial Times | quote = HAD up to here? So were readers of last week's column, invited to punctuate "Smith where Jones had had had had had had had had had had had the examiner's approval."}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026}}</ref><ref name="Jackson">{{cite book | last = Jackson | first = Howard | title = Grammar and Vocabulary: A Resource Book for Students | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wPq6bSd-CwEC&dq=%22Had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had%22&pg=PA123 | access-date = 2009-04-30 | year = 2002 | publisher = [[Routledge]] | isbn = 0-415-23170-1 | page = 123 | quote = Finally, verbal humour is often an ingredient of puzzles. As part of an advertising campaign for its educational website &lt;learn.co.uk>, the ''Guardian'' (for 3 January 2001) included the following familiar grammatical puzzle.}}</ref><ref name="acmicpc">[http://acmicpc-live-archive.uva.es/nuevoportal/data/problem.php?p=3802 3802 – Operator Jumble] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013133154/http://acmicpc-live-archive.uva.es/nuevoportal/data/problem.php?p=3802 |date=13 October 2008 }}</ref> ama shay tijaabo ah,<ref name="Magonet"/><ref name="Dundes"/> kaas oo ay tahay in laga helo [[punctuation|calaamadaha halkeynta]] saxda ah si loo siiyo macno. [[Hans Reichenbach]] wuxuu adeegsaday jumlad la mid ah ("John where Jack had...") buugiisa 1947 ''Elements of Symbolic Logic'' oo ahayd tababar uu akhristuhu sameeyo, si uu u muujiyo heerar kala duwan oo luqadda ah, kuwaas oo kala ah luqadda shayga iyo [[metalanguage|metaluqadda]]. Ujeedaddu waxay ahayd in akhristuhu ku daro calaamadaha halkeynta ee lagama maarmaanka u ah si ay jumladdu macno naxwadeed u yeelato.<ref name="Reichenbach">Reichenbach, Hans (1947) ''Elements of Symbolic logic''. London: Collier-MacMillan. Exercise 3–4, p. 405; solution p. 417.</ref> Cilmibaarista muujineysa sida ay dadku u fahmaan macluumaadka deegaankooda, jumladdan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu tuso sida ay go'aamada u muuqda kuwo aan sal lahayn ay si weyn u beddeli karaan macnaha, taas oo la mid ah sida isbeddellada ku yimaada calaamadaha halkeynta iyo oraahyada jumladda ay u tusinayaan in macallinku uu si beddelasho ah u doorbidayo shaqada James iyo shaqada John (tusaale, barbardhig: 'James, while John had had "had", had...' iyo 'James, while John had had "had had",{{Nbsp}}...').<ref name="Weick">{{cite book | last = Weick | first = Karl E. | title = Making Sense of the Organization | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=agZzW4mqS4wC&dq=%22Had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had%22&pg=PA186 | access-date = 2009-04-30 | edition = 8th | year = 2005 | publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell]] | isbn = 0-631-22319-3 | pages = 186–187 | quote = Once a person has generated/bracketed part of the stream, then the activities of punctuation and connection (parsing) can occur to transform the raw data into information.}}</ref> Jumladdan waxaa kaloo loo isticmaalaa in lagu tuso [[Semantics|fahamka macnaha guud]] ee erayga ''had'', iyo sidoo kale in lagu muujiyo [[Use–mention distinction|farqiga u dhexeeya isticmaalka eray iyo xusitaankiisa]].<ref name="Lecercle">{{cite book | last = Lecercle | first = Jean-Jacques | title = The violence of language | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sNUNAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22Had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had%22&pg=PA86 | access-date = 2009-04-30 | edition = Illustrated | year = 1990 | publisher = [[Routledge]] | isbn = 0-415-03431-0 | page = 86 | quote = Suppose I decide that I wish to make up a sentence containing eleven occurrences of the word 'had' in a row ...}}</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay tusaale ahaan dhibaatooyinka adag ee luqadda, turjumaaddeeda, iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay [[perception|aragtiyaha]] qofka.<ref name="Hollin">{{cite book | last = Hollin | first = Clive R. | title = Contemporary Psychology: An Introduction | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DTpm_oT51aQC&dq=%22Had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had+had%22&pg=PA34 | access-date = 2009-04-30 | edition = Illustrated | year = 1995 | publisher = [[Routledge]] | isbn = 0-7484-0191-1 | page = 34 | quote = Do readers make use of the ways in which sentences are structured? }}</ref> Si qaabdhismeedka [[syntax|naxwaha]] uu ugu caddaado akhristaha, jumladdani waxay u baahan tahay, ugu yaraan, in labada weedhood la isu kala saaro iyadoo la adeegsanayo [[semicolon|barta iyo mudmada]], [[period (punctuation)|dhibic]], [[en-dash|xariiq gaaban]] ama [[em-dash|xariiq dheer]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, buug-sheekabeedka [[Jasper Fforde]] ee [[The Well of Lost Plots]] waxay adeegsaneysaa nooc ka mid ah weedhan si ay u muujiso jahawareerka ka dhalan kara xitaa qoraalka si wanaagsan loo hakeeyay:<ref name="Fforde"> {{Cite book | last = Fforde | first = Jasper | author-link = Jasper Fforde | title = The Well of Lost Plots | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7FBhAt0-kGAC | access-date = 2012-04-30 | year = 2003 | publisher = [[Hodder & Stoughton]] | isbn = 9781844569212 }}</ref> {{quote|"Okay," said the Bellman, whose head was in danger of falling apart like a [[chocolate orange]], "let me get this straight: ''[[David Copperfield]]'', unlike ''[[Pilgrim's Progress]]'', which had had 'had', had had 'had had'. Had 'had had' had TGC's approval?"|sign=|source=}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Spoken Wikipedia|date=2023-12-09|James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher.ogg}} d5d32k3rqm0oab4woaumdbibs5lcl0l Hundhaupten 0 51335 306296 2026-08-31T09:12:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|50|49|49|N|11|59|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hundhaupten in GRZ.png |state = |district = Greiz |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Münchenbernsdorf |elevation = 325 |area = 7.89 |postal_code = 07557 |area_code = 0365 |licence = GRZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 76 033 |website = [http://www.hundhaupten.de www.hundhaupten.de] |mayor = Gerlinde Pätzold-Häselbarth<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Hundhaupten''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhʊntˌhaʊptn̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Greiz (district)|Greiz]], ee gobolka [[Thuringia|Thüringen]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay xiriir maamul oo degmo ah la leedahay [[Münchenbernsdorf]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 32t6hy9xpc02zotklgln0w8bggoe181 Hunding 0 51336 306297 2026-08-31T09:14:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Hunding |image_coa = DEU Hunding COA.svg |image_photo = Rathaus Hunding.JPG |image_caption = Xarunta degmada |coordinates = {{coord|48|51|N|13|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Hunding in DEG.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Deggendorf |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Lalling |elevation = 468 |area = 14.67 |postal_code = 94551 |area_code = 09904 |licence = DEG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 71 126 |website = [https://www.hunding.de/ www.hunding.de] |mayor = Thomas Straßer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Hunding''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhʊndɪŋ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Deggendorf (district)|Deggendorf]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jemz7owbcswgaeb0rn8jfgxub5rign9 Dherginta macnaha 0 51337 306299 2026-08-31T09:29:15Z Tilod 47181 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372340096|Semantic satiation]]" 306299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Semantic satiation''' waa arrin [[Cilminafsi|nafsi ah]] oo ku celcelintu ay sababto in eray ama weedh si ku meel gaar ah u lumiyo macnaha dhegeystaha, kaasoo markaas u arka hadalka dhawaaqyo aan macno lahayn oo soo noqnoqda. Kormeerka ama falanqaynta dheeraadka ah (in la eego ereyga ama weedha muddo dheer) halkii lagu celcelin lahaa sidoo kale waxay soo saartaa saameyn isku mid ah. jkc13qvpytnjhkcspmd04mmuvnzczrs 306300 306299 2026-08-31T09:40:01Z Isma4l 41797 306300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Semantic satiation''' waa dhacdo [[psychology|cilmi nafsiyeyneed]] taas oo ay [[Repetition (rhetorical device)|celcelisku]] keento in eray ama weedh ay si ku meel-gaar ah u lumiso [[macnihii]] ay u lahayd dhageystaha,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Verbal Conditioning and Behaviour|last=Das|first=J.P.|publisher=Pergamon Press, Ltd.|year=2014|isbn=9781483156538|location=Oxford|pages=92}}</ref> kaas oo markaas u arka hadalka sidii dhawaaqyo soo noqnoqonaya oo aan macno lahayn. Kormeerid ama falanqeyn dheer (in muddo dheer la eegayo erayga ama weedha) oo beddesha celceliska ayaa sidoo kale soo saarta saameyn la mid ah. == Taariikhda iyo cilmibaarista == Leon Jakobovits James ayaa curiyey odhaahda "semantic satiation" intii uu ku jiray [[Thesis|qoraalkiisa takhasuska ee PhD]] ee 1962 ee [[McGill University]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |type=PhD |url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/c821gp587 |title=Effects of Repeated Stimulation on Cognitive Aspects of Behavior: Some Experiments on the Phenomenon of Semantic Satiation |first=Leon. A. |last=Jakobovits |date=April 1962 |access-date=2018-08-13 |publisher=[[McGill University]]}}</ref> Waxaa loo muujiyay inay tahay dhacdo xasiloon oo laga yaabo inay la mid tahay nooc ka mid ah garashada ee [[reactive inhibition]].<ref name=":0" /> Intaas ka hor, odhaahda "verbal satiation" ayaa la isticmaali jiray iyada oo lala kaashanayo erayo muujinaya fikradda daalka maskaxda. Qoraalku wuxuu ku qoray magacyo badan oo ay dadka kale u adeegsadeen dhacdadan: {{bquote|Many other names have been used for what appears to be essentially the same process: inhibition (Herbert, 1824, in Boring, 1950), refractory phase and mental fatigue (Dodge, 1917; 1926a), lapse of meaning (Bassett and Warne, 1919), work decrement (Robinson and Bills, 1926), cortical inhibition (Pavlov, 192?), adaptation (Gibson, 1937), extinction (Hilgard and Marquis, 1940), satiation (Kohler and Wallach, 1940), reactive inhibition (Hull, 1913 {{sic}}), stimulus satiation (Glanzer, 1953), reminiscence (Eysenck, 1956), verbal satiation (Smith and Raygor, 1956), and verbal transformation (Warren, 1961b).|From Leon Jakobovits James, 1962}} James wuxuu soo bandhigay dhowr tijaabo oo muujiyay hawlgalka saamaynta dheregta macnaha ee hawlaha garashada ee kala duwan sida qiiraynta erayada iyo tirooyinka ee si isdaba joog ah loo soo bandhigo waqti gaaban dhexdiis, ku celcelinta afka ee erayada ka dibna u kala saaridda fikrado, ku darista tirooyinka ka dib markii lagu celceliyo si cod dheer ah, iyo turjumaadaha laba-luqadlaha ah ee erayada lagu celceliyay mid ka mid ah labada luqadood. Xaalad kasta, dadka la tijaabinayo waxay ku celcelin lahaayeen eray ama lambar ilaa dhowr ilbiriqsi ah, ka dibna waxay qaban lahaayeen hawsha garashada iyagoo adeegsanaya eraygaas. Waxaa la muujiyay in ku celcelinta erayga ka hor int>**__NOT_FOUND__** da la isticmaalin hawshu ay ka dhigayso hawsha mid xoogaa adag. Sharaxaada dhacdadan ayaa ah in celceliska degdega ahi uu keeno in labada dhaqdhaqaaq ee dareemayaasha iyo muruqyada [[Piaget's theory of cognitive development|sensorimotor]] iyo kicinta neerfayaasha dhexe ay shaqeeyaan si isdaba joog ah.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Tani waxaa la og yahay inay keento caqabad falcelin ah, sidaas awgeedna hoos u dhac ku yimaada xoojinta dhaqdhaqaaqa celcelis kasta. Jakobovits James (1962) wuxuu ugu yeeraa gabagabadan bilowga "neurosemantics tijaabo ah" {{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}. Cilmibaaridaha sii baaray dheregta macnaha waxaa ka mid ah shaqada Pilotti, Antrobus, iyo Duff (1997), oo sheegtay inay suurtogal tahay in meesha ugu muhiimsan ee dhacdadan ay tahay ka hor inta aan la gaarin macnaha halkii ay ka noqon lahayd la qabsiga macnaha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pilotti|first1=M.|last2=Antrobus|first2=J.S.|last3=Duff|first3=M.|date=1997|title=The effect of presemantic acoustic adaptation on semantic "satiation"|journal=Memory & Cognition|volume=25|issue=3|pages=305–312|doi=10.3758/BF03211286|pmid=9184482|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa jira tijaabada ay sameeyeen Kouinos et al. (2000), taas oo muujisay in dheregta macnaha aysan ahayn si qasab ah mid ka timaada "faqriga wax soo saarka aragtiyeed."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advances in Psychology Research, Volume 26|last=Shohov|first=Serge|publisher=Nova Science Publishers, Inc. ^_^|year=2003|isbn=978-1590337981|location=New York|pages=69}}</ref> == Codsiyada == Jakobovits wuxuu xusay dhowr codsi oo suurtagal ah oo dheregta macnaha ah kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin isku-dhafankooda daawaynta [[phobia|cabashada cabsida]] iyada oo loo marayo [[systematic desensitization|dejinta nidaamsan]]. Wuxuu ku dooday in "mabaadi'da ahaan, dheregta macnaha ah ee qalab ahaan loo adeegsado ay tahay inay shaqeyso meel kasta oo hawlaha garashada ee la cayimi karo ay dhexdhexaadiyaan dabeecad qofku rabo inuu beddelo."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED011107.pdf|title=Semantic Satiation and Cognitive Dynamics|last=Jakobovits|first=Leon|date=1966|website=U.S. Department of Education|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Codsi ayaa sidoo kale la horumariyay si loo yareeyo [[speech anxiety|cabashada hadalka]] ee dadka leh dhibaatooyinka hadalka iyada oo la abuurayo dhereg macne ah iyada oo la adeegsanayo celcelis, sidaas darteed la dhimayo xoojinta shucuurta taban ee kiciya inta lagu jiro hadalka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1966-11392-001|title=Semantic Satiation and Cognitive Dynamics|author=Leon James (formerly Leon A. Jakobovits) University of Illinois}}</ref> Waxaa jira daraasado sidoo kale ku xiray dheregta macnaha [[education|waxbarashada]]. Tusaale ahaan, shaqada Tian iyo Huber (2010) waxay baartay saamaynta dhacdadan ku leedahay barashada erayada iyo akhriska waxtarka leh. Qorayaashu waxay sheegeen in geedi socodkani uu u adeegi karo hab gaar ah oo lagu tijaabiyo dhimista iyada oo la adeegsanayo luminta xiriirka maadaama ay u oggolaanayso kala soocidda "heerka ereyada ee saamaynta heerka macnaha ee hawl ku saleysan macnaha taas oo ku lug leh celceliska erayada."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tian|first1=Xing|last2=Huber|first2=David E.|date=June 2010|title=Testing an associative account of semantic satiation|journal=Cognitive Psychology|volume=60|issue=4|pages=267–290|doi=10.1016/j.cogpsych.2010.01.003|issn=0010-0285|pmc=2882703|pmid=20156620}}</ref> Dheregta macnaha waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay qalab lagu helo faham dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan helitaanka luqadda sida daraasaadkaas oo baaray dabeecadda [[multilingualism|luqadaha badan]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advances in the Study of Societal Multilingualism|last=Fishman|first=Joshua|publisher=Mouton Publishers|year=2014|isbn=9783111684376|location=The Hague|pages=55}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal | author=Dodge, R. | title=The laws of relative fatigue | journal=Psychol. Rev. | volume=24 | issue=2 | year=1917 | pages=89–113 | doi=10.1037/h0075549 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1429173 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Don, V.J. |author2=Weld, H.P. | title=Lapse of meaning with visual fixation | journal=[[American Journal of Psychology]] | volume=35 | issue=3 | year=1924 | pages=446–50 | doi=10.2307/1414024 | jstor=1414024 }} * {{cite journal | author=Duncan, C.P. | title=On the similarity between reactive inhibition and neural satiation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=69 | issue=2 | year=1956 | pages=227–35 | doi=10.2307/1418151 | pmid=13327083 | jstor=1418151 }} * {{cite journal | author=Eysenck, H.J. | title=Cortical inhibition, figural after-effect, and theory of personality | journal=Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology | volume=51 | issue=1 | year=1955 | pages=94–106 | doi=10.1037/h0043564 | pmid=13242293 }} * {{Cite thesis | author=Gaynor, Miriam | title=An effect of satiation on recall | degree=PhD | publisher=[[The New School for Social Research|New School for Social Research]] | location=New York | year=1954 }} Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. * {{cite journal |author1=Severance, Elisabeth |author2=Washburn, Margaret | title=The loss of associative power in words after long fixation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=18 | issue=2 | year=1907 | pages=182–86 | doi=10.2307/1412411 | jstor=1412411 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Smith, D.E.P. |author2=Raygor, A.L. | title=Verbal satiation and personality | journal=J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. | volume=52 | issue=3 | year=1956 | pages=323–26 | pmid=13318837 |doi=10.1037/h0041334 }} * {{cite journal | author=Warren, R.M. | title=Illusory changes in repeated words: Differences between young adults and the aged | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=74 | issue=4 | year=1961<!--a--> | pages=506–16 | doi=10.2307/1419661 | pmid=14005061 | jstor=1419661 }} * {{cite journal | author=Warren, R.M. | title=Illusory changes of distinct speech upon repetition—the verbal transformation effect | journal=British Journal of Psychology | volume=52 | issue=3 | pages=249–58 | year=1961<!--b--> | doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1961.tb00787.x | pmid=13783239 }} * {{cite journal | author=Wertheimer, M. | title=Studies of some Gestalt qualities of words | journal=In Gestalthaftes Sehen: Ergebnisse und Aufgaben der Morphologie | editor=F. Weinhandl | pages=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft | year=1960 }} * {{cite journal | author=Wertheimer, M. | title=The relation between the sound of a word and its meaning | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=71 | issue=2 | year=1958 | pages=412–15 | doi=10.2307/1420089 | jstor=1420089 | pmid=13545417 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Lambert, W.E. |author2=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Verbal satiation and changes in the intensity of meaning | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=60 | issue=6 | pages=376–83 | year=1960 | pmid=13758466 | doi=10.1037/h0045624 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation among bilinguals | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=62 | issue=6 | pages=576–82 | year=1961 | pmid=14450947 | doi=10.1037/h0042860 |url=http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112835 |type=Submitted manuscript | doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation in an addition task | journal=Canadian Journal of Psychology | year=1962 | volume=16 | issue=2 | pages=112–19 | doi=10.1037/h0083238 |pmid=14450948 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Mediated satiation in verbal transfer | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=64 |issue=4 | pages=346–51 | year=1962 | pmid=14450946 | doi=10.1037/h0044630 }} * {{Cite book |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | chapter=The effects of repetition in communication on meanings and attitudes |editor1=L. Arons |editor2=M.A. May | title=Television and Human Behavior | location=New York | publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts | year=1963 | pages=167–76 }} * {{cite journal | author=Messer, S., Jakobovits, L.A., Kanungo, R., and Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation of words and numbers | journal=British Journal of Psychology | volume=55 | issue=2 | pages=155–63 | year=1964 | pmid=14168480 | doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1964.tb02715.x }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Stimulus-characteristics as determinants of semantic changes with repeated presentation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | year=1964 | volume=77 | issue=1 | pages=84–92 | doi=10.2307/1419274 | jstor=1419274 | pmid=14133230 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Semantic satiation in concept formation | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=17 | issue=1 | pages=113–14 | year=1965 | pmid=5826453 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1965.17.1.113 | s2cid=36214432 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title= Repetition of auditorily presented information | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=17 | issue=3 | pages=785–86 | year=1965 | pmid=5854255 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1965.17.3.785 | s2cid= 10067885 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Utilization of semantic satiation in stuttering: A theoretical analysis | journal=Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders | volume=31 | issue=2 | year=1966 | pages=105–14 | doi=10.1044/jshd.3102.105 | pmid=5327594 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Studies of fads: I. The 'Hit Parade.' | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=18 | issue=2 | year=1966 | pages=443–50 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1966.18.2.443 | s2cid=144148539 }} * {{cite journal |author = Jakobovits, L.A. |title = Semantic satiation and cognitive dynamics |journal = Journal of Special Education |volume = 2 |issue = 1 |pages = 35–44 |year = 1967 |doi = 10.1177/002246696700200103 |s2cid = 144805146 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Hogenraad, Robert | title=Some suggestive evidence on the operation of semantic generation and satiation in group discussions | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=20 | issue=3 | pages=1247–50 | year=1967 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1967.20.3c.1247 |s2cid=144297750 }} * {{Cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Words, words, words | journal=In L. Kuppuswami, Modern Trends in Psychology | year=1967 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=A note on the measurement of semantic satiation | journal=Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | volume=6 | issue=6 | year=1967 | pages=954–57 | doi=10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80165-8 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Hogenraad, Robert | title=Le phénomène de la satiation semantique | journal= Bulletin de Psychologie | volume=22 | year=1968 |issue=273 | pages=140–49 |doi=10.3406/bupsy.1968.9957 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Kounios, John |author2=Kotz, Sonja I. |author3=Holcomb, Philip J. |title=On the Locus of the Semantic Satiation Effect: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials |url=http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/papers/semsatMC.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010125084700/http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/papers/semsatMC.htm |archive-date=January 25, 2001 |journal=Memory & Cognition |year=2000 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1366–77 |doi=10.3758/BF03211837 |pmid=11219964 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author1=Zongker, Doug |title=Chicken Chicken Chicken: Chicken Chicken |url=https://improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume12/v12i5/chicken-12-5.pdf |journal=Annals of Improbable Research |year=2006 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=17–21 }} {{refend}} aci50us8lkxl7uxwhx1k10t59i8oe09 306302 306300 2026-08-31T09:40:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dherginta macnaha''' waa dhacdo [[psychology|cilmi nafsiyeyneed]] taas oo ay [[Repetition (rhetorical device)|celcelisku]] keento in eray ama weedh ay si ku meel gaar ah u lumiso [[macnihii]] ay u lahayd dhageystaha,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Verbal Conditioning and Behaviour|last=Das|first=J.P.|publisher=Pergamon Press, Ltd.|year=2014|isbn=9781483156538|location=Oxford|pages=92}}</ref> kaas oo markaas u arka hadalka sidii dhawaaqyo soo noqnoqonaya oo aan macno lahayn. Kormeerid ama falanqeyn dheer (in muddo dheer la eegayo erayga ama weedha) oo beddesha celceliska ayaa sidoo kale soo saarta saameyn la mid ah. == Taariikhda iyo cilmibaarista == Leon Jakobovits James ayaa curiyey odhaahda "semantic satiation" intii uu ku jiray [[Thesis|qoraalkiisa takhasuska ee PhD]] ee 1962 ee [[McGill University]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |type=PhD |url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/c821gp587 |title=Effects of Repeated Stimulation on Cognitive Aspects of Behavior: Some Experiments on the Phenomenon of Semantic Satiation |first=Leon. A. |last=Jakobovits |date=April 1962 |access-date=2018-08-13 |publisher=[[McGill University]]}}</ref> Waxaa loo muujiyay inay tahay dhacdo xasiloon oo laga yaabo inay la mid tahay nooc ka mid ah garashada ee [[reactive inhibition]].<ref name=":0" /> Intaas ka hor, odhaahda "verbal satiation" ayaa la isticmaali jiray iyada oo lala kaashanayo erayo muujinaya fikradda daalka maskaxda. Qoraalku wuxuu ku qoray magacyo badan oo ay dadka kale u adeegsadeen dhacdadan: {{bquote|Many other names have been used for what appears to be essentially the same process: inhibition (Herbert, 1824, in Boring, 1950), refractory phase and mental fatigue (Dodge, 1917; 1926a), lapse of meaning (Bassett and Warne, 1919), work decrement (Robinson and Bills, 1926), cortical inhibition (Pavlov, 192?), adaptation (Gibson, 1937), extinction (Hilgard and Marquis, 1940), satiation (Kohler and Wallach, 1940), reactive inhibition (Hull, 1913 {{sic}}), stimulus satiation (Glanzer, 1953), reminiscence (Eysenck, 1956), verbal satiation (Smith and Raygor, 1956), and verbal transformation (Warren, 1961b).|From Leon Jakobovits James, 1962}} James wuxuu soo bandhigay dhowr tijaabo oo muujiyay hawlgalka saamaynta dheregta macnaha ee hawlaha garashada ee kala duwan sida qiiraynta erayada iyo tirooyinka ee si isdaba joog ah loo soo bandhigo waqti gaaban dhexdiis, ku celcelinta afka ee erayada ka dibna u kala saaridda fikrado, ku darista tirooyinka ka dib markii lagu celceliyo si cod dheer ah, iyo turjumaadaha laba-luqadlaha ah ee erayada lagu celceliyay mid ka mid ah labada luqadood. Xaalad kasta, dadka la tijaabinayo waxay ku celcelin lahaayeen eray ama lambar ilaa dhowr ilbiriqsi ah, ka dibna waxay qaban lahaayeen hawsha garashada iyagoo adeegsanaya eraygaas. Waxaa la muujiyay in ku celcelinta erayga ka hor int>**__NOT_FOUND__** da la isticmaalin hawshu ay ka dhigayso hawsha mid xoogaa adag. Sharaxaada dhacdadan ayaa ah in celceliska degdega ahi uu keeno in labada dhaqdhaqaaq ee dareemayaasha iyo muruqyada [[Piaget's theory of cognitive development|sensorimotor]] iyo kicinta neerfayaasha dhexe ay shaqeeyaan si isdaba joog ah.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Tani waxaa la og yahay inay keento caqabad falcelin ah, sidaas awgeedna hoos u dhac ku yimaada xoojinta dhaqdhaqaaqa celcelis kasta. Jakobovits James (1962) wuxuu ugu yeeraa gabagabadan bilowga "neurosemantics tijaabo ah" {{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}. Cilmibaaridaha sii baaray dheregta macnaha waxaa ka mid ah shaqada Pilotti, Antrobus, iyo Duff (1997), oo sheegtay inay suurtogal tahay in meesha ugu muhiimsan ee dhacdadan ay tahay ka hor inta aan la gaarin macnaha halkii ay ka noqon lahayd la qabsiga macnaha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pilotti|first1=M.|last2=Antrobus|first2=J.S.|last3=Duff|first3=M.|date=1997|title=The effect of presemantic acoustic adaptation on semantic "satiation"|journal=Memory & Cognition|volume=25|issue=3|pages=305–312|doi=10.3758/BF03211286|pmid=9184482|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa jira tijaabada ay sameeyeen Kouinos et al. (2000), taas oo muujisay in dheregta macnaha aysan ahayn si qasab ah mid ka timaada "faqriga wax soo saarka aragtiyeed."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advances in Psychology Research, Volume 26|last=Shohov|first=Serge|publisher=Nova Science Publishers, Inc. ^_^|year=2003|isbn=978-1590337981|location=New York|pages=69}}</ref> == Codsiyada == Jakobovits wuxuu xusay dhowr codsi oo suurtagal ah oo dheregta macnaha ah kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin isku-dhafankooda daawaynta [[phobia|cabashada cabsida]] iyada oo loo marayo [[systematic desensitization|dejinta nidaamsan]]. Wuxuu ku dooday in "mabaadi'da ahaan, dheregta macnaha ah ee qalab ahaan loo adeegsado ay tahay inay shaqeyso meel kasta oo hawlaha garashada ee la cayimi karo ay dhexdhexaadiyaan dabeecad qofku rabo inuu beddelo."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED011107.pdf|title=Semantic Satiation and Cognitive Dynamics|last=Jakobovits|first=Leon|date=1966|website=U.S. Department of Education|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Codsi ayaa sidoo kale la horumariyay si loo yareeyo [[speech anxiety|cabashada hadalka]] ee dadka leh dhibaatooyinka hadalka iyada oo la abuurayo dhereg macne ah iyada oo la adeegsanayo celcelis, sidaas darteed la dhimayo xoojinta shucuurta taban ee kiciya inta lagu jiro hadalka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1966-11392-001|title=Semantic Satiation and Cognitive Dynamics|author=Leon James (formerly Leon A. Jakobovits) University of Illinois}}</ref> Waxaa jira daraasado sidoo kale ku xiray dheregta macnaha [[education|waxbarashada]]. Tusaale ahaan, shaqada Tian iyo Huber (2010) waxay baartay saamaynta dhacdadan ku leedahay barashada erayada iyo akhriska waxtarka leh. Qorayaashu waxay sheegeen in geedi socodkani uu u adeegi karo hab gaar ah oo lagu tijaabiyo dhimista iyada oo la adeegsanayo luminta xiriirka maadaama ay u oggolaanayso kala soocidda "heerka ereyada ee saamaynta heerka macnaha ee hawl ku saleysan macnaha taas oo ku lug leh celceliska erayada."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tian|first1=Xing|last2=Huber|first2=David E.|date=June 2010|title=Testing an associative account of semantic satiation|journal=Cognitive Psychology|volume=60|issue=4|pages=267–290|doi=10.1016/j.cogpsych.2010.01.003|issn=0010-0285|pmc=2882703|pmid=20156620}}</ref> Dheregta macnaha waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay qalab lagu helo faham dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan helitaanka luqadda sida daraasaadkaas oo baaray dabeecadda [[multilingualism|luqadaha badan]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advances in the Study of Societal Multilingualism|last=Fishman|first=Joshua|publisher=Mouton Publishers|year=2014|isbn=9783111684376|location=The Hague|pages=55}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal | author=Dodge, R. | title=The laws of relative fatigue | journal=Psychol. Rev. | volume=24 | issue=2 | year=1917 | pages=89–113 | doi=10.1037/h0075549 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1429173 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Don, V.J. |author2=Weld, H.P. | title=Lapse of meaning with visual fixation | journal=[[American Journal of Psychology]] | volume=35 | issue=3 | year=1924 | pages=446–50 | doi=10.2307/1414024 | jstor=1414024 }} * {{cite journal | author=Duncan, C.P. | title=On the similarity between reactive inhibition and neural satiation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=69 | issue=2 | year=1956 | pages=227–35 | doi=10.2307/1418151 | pmid=13327083 | jstor=1418151 }} * {{cite journal | author=Eysenck, H.J. | title=Cortical inhibition, figural after-effect, and theory of personality | journal=Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology | volume=51 | issue=1 | year=1955 | pages=94–106 | doi=10.1037/h0043564 | pmid=13242293 }} * {{Cite thesis | author=Gaynor, Miriam | title=An effect of satiation on recall | degree=PhD | publisher=[[The New School for Social Research|New School for Social Research]] | location=New York | year=1954 }} Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. * {{cite journal |author1=Severance, Elisabeth |author2=Washburn, Margaret | title=The loss of associative power in words after long fixation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=18 | issue=2 | year=1907 | pages=182–86 | doi=10.2307/1412411 | jstor=1412411 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Smith, D.E.P. |author2=Raygor, A.L. | title=Verbal satiation and personality | journal=J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. | volume=52 | issue=3 | year=1956 | pages=323–26 | pmid=13318837 |doi=10.1037/h0041334 }} * {{cite journal | author=Warren, R.M. | title=Illusory changes in repeated words: Differences between young adults and the aged | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=74 | issue=4 | year=1961<!--a--> | pages=506–16 | doi=10.2307/1419661 | pmid=14005061 | jstor=1419661 }} * {{cite journal | author=Warren, R.M. | title=Illusory changes of distinct speech upon repetition—the verbal transformation effect | journal=British Journal of Psychology | volume=52 | issue=3 | pages=249–58 | year=1961<!--b--> | doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1961.tb00787.x | pmid=13783239 }} * {{cite journal | author=Wertheimer, M. | title=Studies of some Gestalt qualities of words | journal=In Gestalthaftes Sehen: Ergebnisse und Aufgaben der Morphologie | editor=F. Weinhandl | pages=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft | year=1960 }} * {{cite journal | author=Wertheimer, M. | title=The relation between the sound of a word and its meaning | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=71 | issue=2 | year=1958 | pages=412–15 | doi=10.2307/1420089 | jstor=1420089 | pmid=13545417 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Lambert, W.E. |author2=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Verbal satiation and changes in the intensity of meaning | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=60 | issue=6 | pages=376–83 | year=1960 | pmid=13758466 | doi=10.1037/h0045624 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation among bilinguals | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=62 | issue=6 | pages=576–82 | year=1961 | pmid=14450947 | doi=10.1037/h0042860 |url=http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112835 |type=Submitted manuscript | doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation in an addition task | journal=Canadian Journal of Psychology | year=1962 | volume=16 | issue=2 | pages=112–19 | doi=10.1037/h0083238 |pmid=14450948 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Mediated satiation in verbal transfer | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=64 |issue=4 | pages=346–51 | year=1962 | pmid=14450946 | doi=10.1037/h0044630 }} * {{Cite book |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | chapter=The effects of repetition in communication on meanings and attitudes |editor1=L. Arons |editor2=M.A. May | title=Television and Human Behavior | location=New York | publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts | year=1963 | pages=167–76 }} * {{cite journal | author=Messer, S., Jakobovits, L.A., Kanungo, R., and Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation of words and numbers | journal=British Journal of Psychology | volume=55 | issue=2 | pages=155–63 | year=1964 | pmid=14168480 | doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1964.tb02715.x }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Stimulus-characteristics as determinants of semantic changes with repeated presentation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | year=1964 | volume=77 | issue=1 | pages=84–92 | doi=10.2307/1419274 | jstor=1419274 | pmid=14133230 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Semantic satiation in concept formation | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=17 | issue=1 | pages=113–14 | year=1965 | pmid=5826453 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1965.17.1.113 | s2cid=36214432 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title= Repetition of auditorily presented information | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=17 | issue=3 | pages=785–86 | year=1965 | pmid=5854255 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1965.17.3.785 | s2cid= 10067885 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Utilization of semantic satiation in stuttering: A theoretical analysis | journal=Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders | volume=31 | issue=2 | year=1966 | pages=105–14 | doi=10.1044/jshd.3102.105 | pmid=5327594 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Studies of fads: I. The 'Hit Parade.' | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=18 | issue=2 | year=1966 | pages=443–50 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1966.18.2.443 | s2cid=144148539 }} * {{cite journal |author = Jakobovits, L.A. |title = Semantic satiation and cognitive dynamics |journal = Journal of Special Education |volume = 2 |issue = 1 |pages = 35–44 |year = 1967 |doi = 10.1177/002246696700200103 |s2cid = 144805146 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Hogenraad, Robert | title=Some suggestive evidence on the operation of semantic generation and satiation in group discussions | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=20 | issue=3 | pages=1247–50 | year=1967 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1967.20.3c.1247 |s2cid=144297750 }} * {{Cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Words, words, words | journal=In L. Kuppuswami, Modern Trends in Psychology | year=1967 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=A note on the measurement of semantic satiation | journal=Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | volume=6 | issue=6 | year=1967 | pages=954–57 | doi=10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80165-8 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Hogenraad, Robert | title=Le phénomène de la satiation semantique | journal= Bulletin de Psychologie | volume=22 | year=1968 |issue=273 | pages=140–49 |doi=10.3406/bupsy.1968.9957 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Kounios, John |author2=Kotz, Sonja I. |author3=Holcomb, Philip J. |title=On the Locus of the Semantic Satiation Effect: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials |url=http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/papers/semsatMC.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010125084700/http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/papers/semsatMC.htm |archive-date=January 25, 2001 |journal=Memory & Cognition |year=2000 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1366–77 |doi=10.3758/BF03211837 |pmid=11219964 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author1=Zongker, Doug |title=Chicken Chicken Chicken: Chicken Chicken |url=https://improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume12/v12i5/chicken-12-5.pdf |journal=Annals of Improbable Research |year=2006 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=17–21 }} {{refend}} e2dwxvmi7xkqlh19o2eqs9k87uj5hbl 306303 306302 2026-08-31T09:41:00Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l wareejiyay bogga [[Semantic satiation]] ilaa [[Dherginta macnaha]] oo aan ka tagin sii toosin 306302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dherginta macnaha''' waa dhacdo [[psychology|cilmi nafsiyeyneed]] taas oo ay [[Repetition (rhetorical device)|celcelisku]] keento in eray ama weedh ay si ku meel gaar ah u lumiso [[macnihii]] ay u lahayd dhageystaha,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Verbal Conditioning and Behaviour|last=Das|first=J.P.|publisher=Pergamon Press, Ltd.|year=2014|isbn=9781483156538|location=Oxford|pages=92}}</ref> kaas oo markaas u arka hadalka sidii dhawaaqyo soo noqnoqonaya oo aan macno lahayn. Kormeerid ama falanqeyn dheer (in muddo dheer la eegayo erayga ama weedha) oo beddesha celceliska ayaa sidoo kale soo saarta saameyn la mid ah. == Taariikhda iyo cilmibaarista == Leon Jakobovits James ayaa curiyey odhaahda "semantic satiation" intii uu ku jiray [[Thesis|qoraalkiisa takhasuska ee PhD]] ee 1962 ee [[McGill University]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |type=PhD |url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/c821gp587 |title=Effects of Repeated Stimulation on Cognitive Aspects of Behavior: Some Experiments on the Phenomenon of Semantic Satiation |first=Leon. A. |last=Jakobovits |date=April 1962 |access-date=2018-08-13 |publisher=[[McGill University]]}}</ref> Waxaa loo muujiyay inay tahay dhacdo xasiloon oo laga yaabo inay la mid tahay nooc ka mid ah garashada ee [[reactive inhibition]].<ref name=":0" /> Intaas ka hor, odhaahda "verbal satiation" ayaa la isticmaali jiray iyada oo lala kaashanayo erayo muujinaya fikradda daalka maskaxda. Qoraalku wuxuu ku qoray magacyo badan oo ay dadka kale u adeegsadeen dhacdadan: {{bquote|Many other names have been used for what appears to be essentially the same process: inhibition (Herbert, 1824, in Boring, 1950), refractory phase and mental fatigue (Dodge, 1917; 1926a), lapse of meaning (Bassett and Warne, 1919), work decrement (Robinson and Bills, 1926), cortical inhibition (Pavlov, 192?), adaptation (Gibson, 1937), extinction (Hilgard and Marquis, 1940), satiation (Kohler and Wallach, 1940), reactive inhibition (Hull, 1913 {{sic}}), stimulus satiation (Glanzer, 1953), reminiscence (Eysenck, 1956), verbal satiation (Smith and Raygor, 1956), and verbal transformation (Warren, 1961b).|From Leon Jakobovits James, 1962}} James wuxuu soo bandhigay dhowr tijaabo oo muujiyay hawlgalka saamaynta dheregta macnaha ee hawlaha garashada ee kala duwan sida qiiraynta erayada iyo tirooyinka ee si isdaba joog ah loo soo bandhigo waqti gaaban dhexdiis, ku celcelinta afka ee erayada ka dibna u kala saaridda fikrado, ku darista tirooyinka ka dib markii lagu celceliyo si cod dheer ah, iyo turjumaadaha laba-luqadlaha ah ee erayada lagu celceliyay mid ka mid ah labada luqadood. Xaalad kasta, dadka la tijaabinayo waxay ku celcelin lahaayeen eray ama lambar ilaa dhowr ilbiriqsi ah, ka dibna waxay qaban lahaayeen hawsha garashada iyagoo adeegsanaya eraygaas. Waxaa la muujiyay in ku celcelinta erayga ka hor int>**__NOT_FOUND__** da la isticmaalin hawshu ay ka dhigayso hawsha mid xoogaa adag. Sharaxaada dhacdadan ayaa ah in celceliska degdega ahi uu keeno in labada dhaqdhaqaaq ee dareemayaasha iyo muruqyada [[Piaget's theory of cognitive development|sensorimotor]] iyo kicinta neerfayaasha dhexe ay shaqeeyaan si isdaba joog ah.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Tani waxaa la og yahay inay keento caqabad falcelin ah, sidaas awgeedna hoos u dhac ku yimaada xoojinta dhaqdhaqaaqa celcelis kasta. Jakobovits James (1962) wuxuu ugu yeeraa gabagabadan bilowga "neurosemantics tijaabo ah" {{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}. Cilmibaaridaha sii baaray dheregta macnaha waxaa ka mid ah shaqada Pilotti, Antrobus, iyo Duff (1997), oo sheegtay inay suurtogal tahay in meesha ugu muhiimsan ee dhacdadan ay tahay ka hor inta aan la gaarin macnaha halkii ay ka noqon lahayd la qabsiga macnaha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pilotti|first1=M.|last2=Antrobus|first2=J.S.|last3=Duff|first3=M.|date=1997|title=The effect of presemantic acoustic adaptation on semantic "satiation"|journal=Memory & Cognition|volume=25|issue=3|pages=305–312|doi=10.3758/BF03211286|pmid=9184482|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa jira tijaabada ay sameeyeen Kouinos et al. (2000), taas oo muujisay in dheregta macnaha aysan ahayn si qasab ah mid ka timaada "faqriga wax soo saarka aragtiyeed."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advances in Psychology Research, Volume 26|last=Shohov|first=Serge|publisher=Nova Science Publishers, Inc. ^_^|year=2003|isbn=978-1590337981|location=New York|pages=69}}</ref> == Codsiyada == Jakobovits wuxuu xusay dhowr codsi oo suurtagal ah oo dheregta macnaha ah kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin isku-dhafankooda daawaynta [[phobia|cabashada cabsida]] iyada oo loo marayo [[systematic desensitization|dejinta nidaamsan]]. Wuxuu ku dooday in "mabaadi'da ahaan, dheregta macnaha ah ee qalab ahaan loo adeegsado ay tahay inay shaqeyso meel kasta oo hawlaha garashada ee la cayimi karo ay dhexdhexaadiyaan dabeecad qofku rabo inuu beddelo."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED011107.pdf|title=Semantic Satiation and Cognitive Dynamics|last=Jakobovits|first=Leon|date=1966|website=U.S. Department of Education|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Codsi ayaa sidoo kale la horumariyay si loo yareeyo [[speech anxiety|cabashada hadalka]] ee dadka leh dhibaatooyinka hadalka iyada oo la abuurayo dhereg macne ah iyada oo la adeegsanayo celcelis, sidaas darteed la dhimayo xoojinta shucuurta taban ee kiciya inta lagu jiro hadalka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1966-11392-001|title=Semantic Satiation and Cognitive Dynamics|author=Leon James (formerly Leon A. Jakobovits) University of Illinois}}</ref> Waxaa jira daraasado sidoo kale ku xiray dheregta macnaha [[education|waxbarashada]]. Tusaale ahaan, shaqada Tian iyo Huber (2010) waxay baartay saamaynta dhacdadan ku leedahay barashada erayada iyo akhriska waxtarka leh. Qorayaashu waxay sheegeen in geedi socodkani uu u adeegi karo hab gaar ah oo lagu tijaabiyo dhimista iyada oo la adeegsanayo luminta xiriirka maadaama ay u oggolaanayso kala soocidda "heerka ereyada ee saamaynta heerka macnaha ee hawl ku saleysan macnaha taas oo ku lug leh celceliska erayada."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tian|first1=Xing|last2=Huber|first2=David E.|date=June 2010|title=Testing an associative account of semantic satiation|journal=Cognitive Psychology|volume=60|issue=4|pages=267–290|doi=10.1016/j.cogpsych.2010.01.003|issn=0010-0285|pmc=2882703|pmid=20156620}}</ref> Dheregta macnaha waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay qalab lagu helo faham dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan helitaanka luqadda sida daraasaadkaas oo baaray dabeecadda [[multilingualism|luqadaha badan]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advances in the Study of Societal Multilingualism|last=Fishman|first=Joshua|publisher=Mouton Publishers|year=2014|isbn=9783111684376|location=The Hague|pages=55}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal | author=Dodge, R. | title=The laws of relative fatigue | journal=Psychol. Rev. | volume=24 | issue=2 | year=1917 | pages=89–113 | doi=10.1037/h0075549 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1429173 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Don, V.J. |author2=Weld, H.P. | title=Lapse of meaning with visual fixation | journal=[[American Journal of Psychology]] | volume=35 | issue=3 | year=1924 | pages=446–50 | doi=10.2307/1414024 | jstor=1414024 }} * {{cite journal | author=Duncan, C.P. | title=On the similarity between reactive inhibition and neural satiation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=69 | issue=2 | year=1956 | pages=227–35 | doi=10.2307/1418151 | pmid=13327083 | jstor=1418151 }} * {{cite journal | author=Eysenck, H.J. | title=Cortical inhibition, figural after-effect, and theory of personality | journal=Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology | volume=51 | issue=1 | year=1955 | pages=94–106 | doi=10.1037/h0043564 | pmid=13242293 }} * {{Cite thesis | author=Gaynor, Miriam | title=An effect of satiation on recall | degree=PhD | publisher=[[The New School for Social Research|New School for Social Research]] | location=New York | year=1954 }} Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. * {{cite journal |author1=Severance, Elisabeth |author2=Washburn, Margaret | title=The loss of associative power in words after long fixation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=18 | issue=2 | year=1907 | pages=182–86 | doi=10.2307/1412411 | jstor=1412411 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Smith, D.E.P. |author2=Raygor, A.L. | title=Verbal satiation and personality | journal=J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. | volume=52 | issue=3 | year=1956 | pages=323–26 | pmid=13318837 |doi=10.1037/h0041334 }} * {{cite journal | author=Warren, R.M. | title=Illusory changes in repeated words: Differences between young adults and the aged | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=74 | issue=4 | year=1961<!--a--> | pages=506–16 | doi=10.2307/1419661 | pmid=14005061 | jstor=1419661 }} * {{cite journal | author=Warren, R.M. | title=Illusory changes of distinct speech upon repetition—the verbal transformation effect | journal=British Journal of Psychology | volume=52 | issue=3 | pages=249–58 | year=1961<!--b--> | doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1961.tb00787.x | pmid=13783239 }} * {{cite journal | author=Wertheimer, M. | title=Studies of some Gestalt qualities of words | journal=In Gestalthaftes Sehen: Ergebnisse und Aufgaben der Morphologie | editor=F. Weinhandl | pages=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft | year=1960 }} * {{cite journal | author=Wertheimer, M. | title=The relation between the sound of a word and its meaning | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=71 | issue=2 | year=1958 | pages=412–15 | doi=10.2307/1420089 | jstor=1420089 | pmid=13545417 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Lambert, W.E. |author2=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Verbal satiation and changes in the intensity of meaning | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=60 | issue=6 | pages=376–83 | year=1960 | pmid=13758466 | doi=10.1037/h0045624 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation among bilinguals | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=62 | issue=6 | pages=576–82 | year=1961 | pmid=14450947 | doi=10.1037/h0042860 |url=http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112835 |type=Submitted manuscript | doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation in an addition task | journal=Canadian Journal of Psychology | year=1962 | volume=16 | issue=2 | pages=112–19 | doi=10.1037/h0083238 |pmid=14450948 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Mediated satiation in verbal transfer | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=64 |issue=4 | pages=346–51 | year=1962 | pmid=14450946 | doi=10.1037/h0044630 }} * {{Cite book |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | chapter=The effects of repetition in communication on meanings and attitudes |editor1=L. Arons |editor2=M.A. May | title=Television and Human Behavior | location=New York | publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts | year=1963 | pages=167–76 }} * {{cite journal | author=Messer, S., Jakobovits, L.A., Kanungo, R., and Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation of words and numbers | journal=British Journal of Psychology | volume=55 | issue=2 | pages=155–63 | year=1964 | pmid=14168480 | doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1964.tb02715.x }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Stimulus-characteristics as determinants of semantic changes with repeated presentation | journal=American Journal of Psychology | year=1964 | volume=77 | issue=1 | pages=84–92 | doi=10.2307/1419274 | jstor=1419274 | pmid=14133230 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Semantic satiation in concept formation | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=17 | issue=1 | pages=113–14 | year=1965 | pmid=5826453 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1965.17.1.113 | s2cid=36214432 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title= Repetition of auditorily presented information | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=17 | issue=3 | pages=785–86 | year=1965 | pmid=5854255 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1965.17.3.785 | s2cid= 10067885 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Utilization of semantic satiation in stuttering: A theoretical analysis | journal=Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders | volume=31 | issue=2 | year=1966 | pages=105–14 | doi=10.1044/jshd.3102.105 | pmid=5327594 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Studies of fads: I. The 'Hit Parade.' | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=18 | issue=2 | year=1966 | pages=443–50 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1966.18.2.443 | s2cid=144148539 }} * {{cite journal |author = Jakobovits, L.A. |title = Semantic satiation and cognitive dynamics |journal = Journal of Special Education |volume = 2 |issue = 1 |pages = 35–44 |year = 1967 |doi = 10.1177/002246696700200103 |s2cid = 144805146 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Hogenraad, Robert | title=Some suggestive evidence on the operation of semantic generation and satiation in group discussions | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=20 | issue=3 | pages=1247–50 | year=1967 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1967.20.3c.1247 |s2cid=144297750 }} * {{Cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Words, words, words | journal=In L. Kuppuswami, Modern Trends in Psychology | year=1967 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=A note on the measurement of semantic satiation | journal=Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | volume=6 | issue=6 | year=1967 | pages=954–57 | doi=10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80165-8 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Hogenraad, Robert | title=Le phénomène de la satiation semantique | journal= Bulletin de Psychologie | volume=22 | year=1968 |issue=273 | pages=140–49 |doi=10.3406/bupsy.1968.9957 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Kounios, John |author2=Kotz, Sonja I. |author3=Holcomb, Philip J. |title=On the Locus of the Semantic Satiation Effect: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials |url=http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/papers/semsatMC.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010125084700/http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/papers/semsatMC.htm |archive-date=January 25, 2001 |journal=Memory & Cognition |year=2000 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1366–77 |doi=10.3758/BF03211837 |pmid=11219964 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author1=Zongker, Doug |title=Chicken Chicken Chicken: Chicken Chicken |url=https://improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume12/v12i5/chicken-12-5.pdf |journal=Annals of Improbable Research |year=2006 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=17–21 }} {{refend}} e2dwxvmi7xkqlh19o2eqs9k87uj5hbl Template:Pp-semi 10 51338 306323 2026-08-31T10:52:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306323 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Protected page]] h9m8hh7cwn0ontfmtme5t0belyikual Template:Protected page 10 51339 306324 2026-08-31T10:52:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306324 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Protected page|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 6y1fepgg5duiitvvcck1nbt4hrqzfwb 306330 306324 2026-08-31T11:10:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 306330 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Protection banner|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 0q651nfr0ibf5g4bbb3sw2qkj47h3ic Module:Protected page 828 51340 306325 2026-08-31T10:53:41Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as -- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}. -- Initialise necessary modules. require('strict') local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Lazily initialise modules and objects w... 306325 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as -- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}. -- Initialise necessary modules. require('strict') local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Lazily initialise modules and objects we don't always need. local getArgs, makeMessageBox, lang -- Set constants. local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Protected page/config' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) if cat then return string.format( '[[%s:%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat, sort ) end end -- Validation function for the expiry and the protection date local function validateDate(dateString, dateType) if not lang then lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() end local success, result = pcall(lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', dateString) if success then result = tonumber(result) if result then return result end end error(string.format( 'invalid %s: %s', dateType, tostring(dateString) ), 4) end local function makeFullUrl(page, query, display) return string.format( '[%s %s]', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(page, query)), display ) end -- Given a directed graph formatted as node -> table of direct successors, -- get a table of all nodes reachable from a given node (though always -- including the given node). local function getReachableNodes(graph, start) local toWalk, retval = {[start] = true}, {} while true do -- Can't use pairs() since we're adding and removing things as we're iterating local k = next(toWalk) -- This always gets the "first" key if k == nil then return retval end toWalk[k] = nil retval[k] = true for _,v in ipairs(graph[k]) do if not retval[v] then toWalk[v] = true end end end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Protection = {} Protection.__index = Protection Protection.supportedActions = { edit = true, move = true, autoreview = true, upload = true } Protection.bannerConfigFields = { 'text', 'explanation', 'tooltip', 'alt', 'link', 'image' } function Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg obj.title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set action if not args.action then obj.action = 'edit' elseif Protection.supportedActions[args.action] then obj.action = args.action else error(string.format( 'invalid action: %s', tostring(args.action) ), 3) end -- Set level obj.level = args.demolevel or effectiveProtectionLevel(obj.action, obj.title) if not obj.level or (obj.action == 'move' and obj.level == 'autoconfirmed') then -- Users need to be autoconfirmed to move pages anyway, so treat -- semi-move-protected pages as unprotected. obj.level = '*' end -- Set expiry local effectiveExpiry = effectiveProtectionExpiry(obj.action, obj.title) if effectiveExpiry == 'infinity' then obj.expiry = 'indef' elseif effectiveExpiry ~= 'unknown' then obj.expiry = validateDate(effectiveExpiry, 'expiry date') end -- Set reason if args[1] then obj.reason = mw.ustring.lower(args[1]) if obj.reason:find('|') then error('reasons cannot contain the pipe character ("|")', 3) end end -- Set protection date if args.date then obj.protectionDate = validateDate(args.date, 'protection date') end -- Set banner config do obj.bannerConfig = {} local configTables = {} if cfg.banners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.banners[obj.action][obj.reason] end if cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action][obj.level] configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action].default end configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.masterBanner for i, field in ipairs(Protection.bannerConfigFields) do for j, t in ipairs(configTables) do if t[field] then obj.bannerConfig[field] = t[field] break end end end end return setmetatable(obj, Protection) end function Protection:isUserScript() -- Whether the page is a user JavaScript or CSS page. local title = self.title return title.namespace == 2 and ( title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' ) end function Protection:isProtected() return self.level ~= '*' end function Protection:shouldShowLock() -- Whether we should output a banner/padlock return self:isProtected() and not self:isUserScript() end -- Whether this page needs a protection category. Protection.shouldHaveProtectionCategory = Protection.shouldShowLock function Protection:isTemporary() return type(self.expiry) == 'number' end function Protection:makeProtectionCategory() if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then return '' end local cfg = self._cfg local title = self.title -- Get the expiry key fragment. local expiryFragment if self.expiry == 'indef' then expiryFragment = self.expiry elseif type(self.expiry) == 'number' then expiryFragment = 'temp' end -- Get the namespace key fragment. local namespaceFragment = cfg.categoryNamespaceKeys[title.namespace] if not namespaceFragment and title.namespace % 2 == 1 then namespaceFragment = 'talk' end -- Define the order that key fragments are tested in. This is done with an -- array of tables containing the value to be tested, along with its -- position in the cfg.protectionCategories table. local order = { {val = expiryFragment, keypos = 1}, {val = namespaceFragment, keypos = 2}, {val = self.reason, keypos = 3}, {val = self.level, keypos = 4}, {val = self.action, keypos = 5} } --[[ -- The old protection templates used an ad-hoc protection category system, -- with some templates prioritising namespaces in their categories, and -- others prioritising the protection reason. To emulate this in this module -- we use the config table cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority to set the -- reasons for which namespaces have priority over protection reason. -- If we are dealing with one of those reasons, move the namespace table to -- the end of the order table, i.e. give it highest priority. If not, the -- reason should have highest priority, so move that to the end of the table -- instead. --]] table.insert(order, table.remove(order, self.reason and cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority[self.reason] and 2 or 3)) --[[ -- Define the attempt order. Inactive subtables (subtables with nil "value" -- fields) are moved to the end, where they will later be given the key -- "all". This is to cut down on the number of table lookups in -- cfg.protectionCategories, which grows exponentially with the number of -- non-nil keys. We keep track of the number of active subtables with the -- noActive parameter. --]] local noActive, attemptOrder do local active, inactive = {}, {} for i, t in ipairs(order) do if t.val then active[#active + 1] = t else inactive[#inactive + 1] = t end end noActive = #active attemptOrder = active for i, t in ipairs(inactive) do attemptOrder[#attemptOrder + 1] = t end end --[[ -- Check increasingly generic key combinations until we find a match. If a -- specific category exists for the combination of key fragments we are -- given, that match will be found first. If not, we keep trying different -- key fragment combinations until we match using the key -- "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- To generate the keys, we index the key subtables using a binary matrix -- with indexes i and j. j is only calculated up to the number of active -- subtables. For example, if there were three active subtables, the matrix -- would look like this, with 0 corresponding to the key fragment "all", and -- 1 corresponding to other key fragments. -- -- j 1 2 3 -- i -- 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 -- 4 0 0 1 -- 5 1 1 0 -- 6 0 1 0 -- 7 1 0 0 -- 8 0 0 0 -- -- Values of j higher than the number of active subtables are set -- to the string "all". -- -- A key for cfg.protectionCategories is constructed for each value of i. -- The position of the value in the key is determined by the keypos field in -- each subtable. --]] local cats = cfg.protectionCategories for i = 1, 2^noActive do local key = {} for j, t in ipairs(attemptOrder) do if j > noActive then key[t.keypos] = 'all' else local quotient = i / 2 ^ (j - 1) quotient = math.ceil(quotient) if quotient % 2 == 1 then key[t.keypos] = t.val else key[t.keypos] = 'all' end end end key = table.concat(key, '|') local attempt = cats[key] if attempt then return makeCategoryLink(attempt, title.text) end end return '' end function Protection:isIncorrect() if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then return true end if type(self.expiry) ~= 'number' then return false end local expiry = os.date('*t', self.expiry) -- Avoid checking today.day or os.time(), unless close. https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416616 local today = os.date('*t') return (expiry.year < today.year) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month < today.month) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day < today.day) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day == today.day and self.expiry < os.time()) end function Protection:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() local action, namespace = self.action, self.title.namespace return self.level == 'templateeditor' and ( (action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move') or (namespace ~= 10 and namespace ~= 828) ) end function Protection:makeCategoryLinks() local msg = self._cfg.msg local ret = {self:makeProtectionCategory()} if self:isIncorrect() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-incorrect'], self.title.text ) end if self:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-template'], self.title.text ) end return table.concat(ret) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Blurb class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Blurb = {} Blurb.__index = Blurb Blurb.bannerTextFields = { text = true, explanation = true, tooltip = true, alt = true, link = true } function Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) return setmetatable({ _cfg = cfg, _protectionObj = protectionObj, _args = args }, Blurb) end -- Private methods -- function Blurb:_formatDate(num) -- Formats a Unix timestamp into dd Month, YYYY format. lang = lang or mw.language.getContentLanguage() local success, date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, self._cfg.msg['expiry-date-format'] or 'j F Y', '@' .. tostring(num) ) if success then return date end end function Blurb:_getExpandedMessage(msgKey) return self:_substituteParameters(self._cfg.msg[msgKey]) end function Blurb:_substituteParameters(msg) if not self._params then local parameterFuncs = {} parameterFuncs.CURRENTVERSION = self._makeCurrentVersionParameter parameterFuncs.EDITREQUEST = self._makeEditRequestParameter parameterFuncs.EXPIRY = self._makeExpiryParameter parameterFuncs.EXPLANATIONBLURB = self._makeExplanationBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.IMAGELINK = self._makeImageLinkParameter parameterFuncs.INTROBLURB = self._makeIntroBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.INTROFRAGMENT = self._makeIntroFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.PAGETYPE = self._makePagetypeParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONBLURB = self._makeProtectionBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONDATE = self._makeProtectionDateParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLEVEL = self._makeProtectionLevelParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLOG = self._makeProtectionLogParameter parameterFuncs.TALKPAGE = self._makeTalkPageParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPBLURB = self._makeTooltipBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPFRAGMENT = self._makeTooltipFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.VANDAL = self._makeVandalTemplateParameter self._params = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (t, k) local param if parameterFuncs[k] then param = parameterFuncs[k](self) end param = param or '' t[k] = param return param end }) end msg = msg:gsub('${(%u+)}', self._params) return msg end function Blurb:_makeCurrentVersionParameter() -- A link to the page history or the move log, depending on the kind of -- protection. local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'move' then -- We need the move log link. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'move', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-move-display') ) else -- We need the history link. return makeFullUrl( pagename, {action = 'history'}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-edit-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeEditRequestParameter() local mEditRequest = require('Module:Submit an edit request') local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level -- Get the edit request type. local requestType if action == 'edit' then if level == 'autoconfirmed' then requestType = 'semi' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then requestType = 'extended' elseif level == 'templateeditor' then requestType = 'template' end end requestType = requestType or 'full' -- Get the display value. local display = self:_getExpandedMessage('edit-request-display') return mEditRequest._link{type = requestType, display = display} end function Blurb:_makeExpiryParameter() local expiry = self._protectionObj.expiry if type(expiry) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(expiry) else return expiry end end function Blurb:_makeExplanationBlurbParameter() -- Cover special cases first. if self._protectionObj.title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace return self:_getExpandedMessage('explanation-blurb-nounprotect') end -- Get explanation blurb table keys local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local talkKey = self._protectionObj.title.isTalkPage and 'talk' or 'subject' -- Find the message in the explanation blurb table and substitute any -- parameters. local explanations = self._cfg.explanationBlurbs local msg if explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level][talkKey] then msg = explanations[action][level][talkKey] elseif explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level].default then msg = explanations[action][level].default elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default[talkKey] then msg = explanations[action].default[talkKey] elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default.default then msg = explanations[action].default.default else error(string.format( 'could not find explanation blurb for action "%s", level "%s" and talk key "%s"', action, level, talkKey ), 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeImageLinkParameter() local imageLinks = self._cfg.imageLinks local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if imageLinks[action][level] then msg = imageLinks[action][level] elseif imageLinks[action].default then msg = imageLinks[action].default else msg = imageLinks.edit.default end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeIntroBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeIntroFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makePagetypeParameter() local pagetypes = self._cfg.pagetypes return pagetypes[self._protectionObj.title.namespace] or pagetypes.default or error('no default pagetype defined', 8) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionBlurbParameter() local protectionBlurbs = self._cfg.protectionBlurbs local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionBlurbs[action][level] then msg = protectionBlurbs[action][level] elseif protectionBlurbs[action].default then msg = protectionBlurbs[action].default elseif protectionBlurbs.edit.default then msg = protectionBlurbs.edit.default else error('no protection blurb defined for protectionBlurbs.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionDateParameter() local protectionDate = self._protectionObj.protectionDate if type(protectionDate) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(protectionDate) else return protectionDate end end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLevelParameter() local protectionLevels = self._cfg.protectionLevels local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionLevels[action][level] then msg = protectionLevels[action][level] elseif protectionLevels[action].default then msg = protectionLevels[action].default elseif protectionLevels.edit.default then msg = protectionLevels.edit.default else error('no protection level defined for protectionLevels.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLogParameter() local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'autoreview' then -- We need the pending changes log. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'stable', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('pc-log-display') ) else -- We need the protection log. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'protect', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('protection-log-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeTalkPageParameter() return string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[self._protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, self._protectionObj.title.text, self._args.section or 'top', self:_getExpandedMessage('talk-page-link-display') ) end function Blurb:_makeTooltipBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeTooltipFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeVandalTemplateParameter() return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title="vandal-m", args={self._args.user or self._protectionObj.title.baseText} } end -- Public methods -- function Blurb:makeBannerText(key) -- Validate input. if not key or not Blurb.bannerTextFields[key] then error(string.format( '"%s" is not a valid banner config field', tostring(key) ), 2) end -- Generate the text. local msg = self._protectionObj.bannerConfig[key] if type(msg) == 'string' then return self:_substituteParameters(msg) elseif type(msg) == 'function' then msg = msg(self._protectionObj, self._args) if type(msg) ~= 'string' then error(string.format( 'bad output from banner config function with key "%s"' .. ' (expected string, got %s)', tostring(key), type(msg) ), 4) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- BannerTemplate class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local BannerTemplate = {} BannerTemplate.__index = BannerTemplate function BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg -- Set the image filename. local imageFilename = protectionObj.bannerConfig.image if imageFilename then obj._imageFilename = imageFilename else -- If an image filename isn't specified explicitly in the banner config, -- generate it from the protection status and the namespace. local action = protectionObj.action local level = protectionObj.level local namespace = protectionObj.title.namespace local reason = protectionObj.reason -- Deal with special cases first. if ( namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 or reason and obj._cfg.indefImageReasons[reason] ) and action == 'edit' and level == 'sysop' and not protectionObj:isTemporary() then -- Fully protected modules and templates get the special red "indef" -- padlock. obj._imageFilename = obj._cfg.msg['image-filename-indef'] else -- Deal with regular protection types. local images = obj._cfg.images if images[action] then if images[action][level] then obj._imageFilename = images[action][level] elseif images[action].default then obj._imageFilename = images[action].default end end end end return setmetatable(obj, BannerTemplate) end function BannerTemplate:renderImage() local filename = self._imageFilename or self._cfg.msg['image-filename-default'] or 'Transparent.gif' return makeFileLink{ file = filename, size = (self.imageWidth or 20) .. 'px', alt = self._imageAlt, link = self._imageLink, caption = self.imageCaption } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Banner class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Banner = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Banner.__index = Banner function Banner.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb. obj.imageWidth = 40 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') -- Large banners use the alt text for the tooltip. obj._reasonText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('text') obj._explanationText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('explanation') obj._page = protectionObj.title.prefixedText -- Only makes a difference in testing. return setmetatable(obj, Banner) end function Banner:__tostring() -- Renders the banner. makeMessageBox = makeMessageBox or require('Module:Message box').main local reasonText = self._reasonText or error('no reason text set', 2) local explanationText = self._explanationText local mbargs = { page = self._page, type = 'protection', image = self:renderImage(), text = string.format( "'''%s'''%s", reasonText, explanationText and '<br />' .. explanationText or '' ) } return makeMessageBox('mbox', mbargs) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Padlock class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Padlock = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Padlock.__index = Padlock function Padlock.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb. obj.imageWidth = 20 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('tooltip') obj._imageAlt = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') obj._imageLink = blurbObj:makeBannerText('link') obj._indicatorName = cfg.padlockIndicatorNames[protectionObj.action] or cfg.padlockIndicatorNames.default or 'pp-default' return setmetatable(obj, Padlock) end function Padlock:__tostring() local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- The nowiki tag helps prevent whitespace at the top of articles. return frame:extensionTag{name = 'nowiki'} .. frame:extensionTag{ name = 'indicator', args = {name = self._indicatorName}, content = self:renderImage() } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p._exportClasses() -- This is used for testing purposes. return { Protection = Protection, Blurb = Blurb, BannerTemplate = BannerTemplate, Banner = Banner, Padlock = Padlock, } end function p._main(args, cfg, title) args = args or {} cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) local protectionObj = Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local ret = {} -- If a page's edit protection is equally or more restrictive than its -- protection from some other action, then don't bother displaying anything -- for the other action (except categories). if not yesno(args.catonly) and (protectionObj.action == 'edit' or args.demolevel or not getReachableNodes( cfg.hierarchy, protectionObj.level )[effectiveProtectionLevel('edit', protectionObj.title)]) then -- Initialise the blurb object local blurbObj = Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) -- Render the banner if protectionObj:shouldShowLock() then ret[#ret + 1] = tostring( (yesno(args.small) and Padlock or Banner) .new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) ) end end -- Render the categories if yesno(args.category) ~= false then ret[#ret + 1] = protectionObj:makeCategoryLinks() end -- For arbitration enforcement, flagging [[WP:PIA]] pages to enable [[Special:AbuseFilter/1339]] to flag edits to them if protectionObj.level == "extendedconfirmed" then if require("Module:TableTools").inArray(protectionObj.title.talkPageTitle.categories, "Wikipedia pages subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict") then ret[#ret + 1] = "<p class='PIA-flag' style='display:none; visibility:hidden;' title='This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.'></p>" end end return table.concat(ret) end function p.main(frame, cfg) cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) -- Find default args, if any. local parent = frame.getParent and frame:getParent() local defaultArgs = parent and cfg.wrappers[parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')] -- Find user args, and use the parent frame if we are being called from a -- wrapper template. getArgs = getArgs or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local userArgs = getArgs(frame, { parentOnly = defaultArgs, frameOnly = not defaultArgs }) -- Build the args table. User-specified args overwrite default args. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs or {}) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do args[k] = v end return p._main(args, cfg) end return p p8ryzquso3eyufqyguwh2oyqz5eu1l6 306328 306325 2026-08-31T11:04:18Z Isma4l 41797 Module horey ayuu u jiraa 306328 Scribunto text/plain return require [[Module:Protection banner]] jibpsk159lwgh6h672k5nxk7g13u34n Module:Protected page/config 828 51341 306326 2026-08-31T10:56:26Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Module:Protection banner/config]] 306326 Scribunto text/plain return require [[Module:Protection banner/config]] oq1l1ncwsdgpm5vxou2q60ts24unekh